ELOX 10-Q
Eloxx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (ELOX)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form
For the quarterly period ended
OR
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number:
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(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer |
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Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No
As of August 7, 2026, the registrant had
ELOXX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Item 1. |
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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025 |
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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025
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Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |
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Item 2. |
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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Item 3. |
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Item 4. |
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Item 1. |
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Item 1A. |
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30 |
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Item 2. |
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Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
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Item 3. |
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Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
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30 |
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Item 4. |
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Mine Safety Disclosures |
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Item 5. |
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Item 6. |
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32 |
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34 |
2
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Eloxx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, is collectively referred to herein as “we,” “our,” “us,” “Eloxx” or the “Company.”
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and information incorporated herein, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of present and historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including without limitation statements regarding our ability to obtain the capital necessary to fund our operations and continue as a going concern; our ability to remain listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC; our strategy, future results of operations and financial position; the expected timing of trials of our product candidates and the potential of our product candidate to treat nonsense mutations; future revenues, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management; the timing and expectations surrounding regulatory communications; our relationship with third-parties; and the potential, safety, efficacy, and regulatory and clinical progress of our product candidates, prospective products, product approvals, as well as research and development costs, are forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, in some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “aim,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “exploring,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “seeks,” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future results, performance, or achievements, and one should avoid placing undue reliance on such statements.
Forward-looking statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to us. Such beliefs and assumptions may or may not prove to be correct. Additionally, such forward-looking statements are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements due to various factors, including, but not limited to those risks, uncertainties and assumptions identified in Part I, Item 2. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 (the “2025 Annual Report”).
Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risks and uncertainties.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Unless required by law, we will not undertake any obligation and we specifically disclaim any obligation to release publicly the result of any revisions which may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements or to reflect the occurrence of events, whether or not anticipated. In that respect, we wish to caution readers not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made.
MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the other documents incorporated herein by reference include statistical and other industry and market data that we obtained from industry publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Industry publications and third-party research, surveys and studies generally indicate that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe these industry publications and third-party research, surveys and studies are reliable, we have not independently verified such data and disclaim responsibility for its content. Furthermore, management’s estimates are derived from publicly available information, their knowledge of our industry and their assumptions based on such information and knowledge, which we believe to be reasonable. This data involves a number of assumptions and limitations which are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and Part II, Item 1A “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause our future performance to differ materially from our assumptions and estimates.
3
RISK FACTOR SUMMARY
The following is a summary of the principal risks of an investment in our common stock. This summary does not list all the risks that we face. Additional discussion of the risks summarized below follow directly under the heading “Risk Factors” and should be carefully considered, together with other information in our 2025 Annual Report and our other filings with the SEC before making an investment decision regarding our common stock.
4
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Information
ELOXX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
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June 30, |
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December 31, |
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ASSETS |
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Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
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$ |
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Restricted cash |
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Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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Total current assets |
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Total assets |
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$ |
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$ |
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LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) |
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Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable |
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$ |
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$ |
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Accrued expenses |
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Advances from collaboration partners, net of debt discount |
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Current portion of long-term debt |
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Accrued interest on debt |
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Warrant liabilities |
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Total current liabilities |
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Stockholders’ equity (deficit): |
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Preferred stock, $ |
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Common stock, $ |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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Accumulated deficit |
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( |
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( |
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Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
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( |
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Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
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$ |
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$ |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
5
ELOXX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
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Three Months Ended |
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Six Months Ended |
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2026 |
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2025 |
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2026 |
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2025 |
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Operating expenses: |
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Research and development |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
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General and administrative |
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Total operating expenses |
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Loss from operations |
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( |
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( |
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( |
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( |
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Other expense, net |
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Net loss |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Net loss per share, basic and diluted |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Weighted average number of shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
6
ELOXX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(in thousands, except share data)
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Common stock |
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Shares |
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Amount |
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Additional |
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Accumulated |
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Total |
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Balance at December 31, 2025 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Issuance of pre-funded warrants under the Coastlands and Domicilium Securities Purchase Agreements, net of issuance costs of $ |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Issuance of pre-funded warrants related to the February 2026 Domicilium debt conversion |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Exercise of stock options |
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— |
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Vesting of restricted stock units |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Stock-based compensation expense |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Net loss |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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( |
) |
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( |
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Balance at March 31, 2026 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
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Issuance of common stock and pre-funded warrants in connection with June 2026 public offering, net of issuance costs of $ |
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Exercise of pre-funded warrants |
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— |
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Vesting of restricted stock units |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Effect due to reverse stock split |
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( |
) |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Stock-based compensation expense |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Net loss |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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( |
) |
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( |
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Balance at June 30, 2026 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
) |
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$ |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
7
ELOXX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
(in thousands, except share data)
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Common stock |
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Shares |
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Amount |
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Additional |
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Accumulated |
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Total |
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Balance at December 31, 2024 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
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$ |
( |
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Vesting of restricted stock units |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Stock-based compensation expense |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Net loss |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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( |
) |
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( |
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Balance at March 31, 2025 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
) |
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$ |
( |
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Stock-based compensation expense |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Net loss |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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( |
) |
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( |
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Balance at June 30, 2025 |
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$ |
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$ |
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$ |
( |
) |
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$ |
( |
) |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
8
ELOXX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
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Six Months Ended |
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2026 |
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2025 |
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Cash flows from operating activities: |
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Net loss |
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$ |
( |
) |
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$ |
( |
) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
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Stock-based compensation |
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Amortization of debt discount |
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Gain on extinguishment of accrued interest |
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( |
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Imputed interest expense on 2025 bridge loans |
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Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |
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Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
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License fee receivable |
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Unbilled receivable |
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Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
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( |
) |
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( |
) |
Accounts payable |
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( |
) |
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( |
) |
Accrued expenses |
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( |
) |
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Accrued interest on debt |
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Net cash used in operating activities |
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( |
) |
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( |
) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |
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Proceeds from the June 2026 public offering, net of issuance costs |
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Proceeds from issuance of pre-funded warrants under the Coastlands and Domicilium Securities Purchase Agreements, net of issuance costs |
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Repayment of outstanding debt obligations |
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( |
) |
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Proceeds from debt financing obligations |
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Exercise of pre-funded warrants |
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Exercise of stock options |
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Net cash provided by financing activities |
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Increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |
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Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the period |
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Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period |
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$ |
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$ |
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Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to condensed |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
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$ |
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Restricted cash |
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Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |
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$ |
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$ |
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Supplemental disclosure of cash flow activities: |
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Cash paid for interest |
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$ |
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$ |
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Noncash financing activities: |
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Domicilium debt conversion and waiver of accrued interest, (principal of $ |
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$ |
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$ |
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Issuance costs in accounts payable and accrued expenses |
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$ |
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$ |
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See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
9
ELOXX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Nature of the Business
Eloxx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (collectively “Eloxx” or the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel, small-molecule product candidates designed to modulate the ribosome and promote readthrough of premature stop codons induced by nonsense mutations (“NMs”) to enable the production of full-length proteins. Targeting ribosome subunits provides a therapeutic approach to addressing a number of genetic diseases. According to the Human Gene Mutation Database, NMs account for approximately 10% to 12% of patients with a given genetic disease. There are over 7,000 inherited genetic diseases that collectively affect 350 million people worldwide. The Company’s immediate focus is to advance the clinical development of its product candidate, exaluren, for the treatment of rare kidney diseases. The Company has also exclusively licensed its product candidate, ZKN-013, to Almirall, S.A. (“Almirall”), who is developing it for the treatment of rare skin diseases.
The Company was previously headquartered in Watertown, Massachusetts, with additional operations in Israel and Australia. The Company is currently a remotely headquartered company.
In May 2026, the Company effected a one-for-eleven reverse stock split of its common stock. All share and per share amounts for all periods presented have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the reverse stock split. Stockholders who otherwise would have been entitled to receive a fractional share received cash in lieu of such fractional share based on the fair market value of the Company’s common stock as specified in the reverse stock split provisions. A proportionate adjustment was also made to the maximum number of shares issuable under the 2018 Plan.
In May 2026, the Company reduced the number of shares authorized from
Liquidity and Going Concern
The Company has a history of net losses since inception, and negative cash flows from operating activities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and as of June 30, 2026, had an accumulated deficit of $
The Company has financed its operations primarily through the sale of equity, license and collaboration agreements, debt securities and, to a lesser extent, grants. The Company may never achieve profitability, and unless and until it does, the Company will continue to need to raise additional capital to fund its operations. Refer to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") on March 16, 2026 (the "2025 Annual Report") for additional information on the Company's recent financing activity.
In June 2026, the Company completed an uplisting to the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, alongside a public offering. Net proceeds from the public offering were $
The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents of $
10
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted, as permitted by such rules and regulations. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, in the opinion of management, reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods ended June 30, 2026 and 2025.
The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, and the notes thereto, which are included in the 2025 Annual Report.
The significant accounting policies used in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are consistent with those described in the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, and the notes thereto, in the Company’s 2025 Annual Report.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Topic 220-40), which addresses the disaggregation of income statement expenses. This standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is evaluating this standard to determine if adoption will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Although the FASB has issued several ASUs for which adoption dates are pending, the Company does not expect any to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
3. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, 2025 |
|
||
Research and development |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
Insurance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||
4. Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
|
December 31, 2025 |
|
||
Research and development |
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
||
Payroll and other employee-related expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Professional services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total |
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
||
11
5. Debt
On February 26, 2026, SD MF 4, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Domicilium"), exchanged with the Company the remaining $
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company entered into non-interest-bearing bridge loans with Domicilium for $
As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the carrying value of the Company's debt was
6. License Agreement, Advances From Collaboration Partners, Legal and Other Contingencies
Almirall License Agreement and License and Service Revenue
On March 11, 2024, the Company entered into the Almirall License Agreement with Almirall. Under the terms of the Almirall License Agreement, Almirall obtained global rights to develop and commercialize ZKN-013 for the potential treatment of rare dermatological and other diseases associated with nonsense mutations.
In March 2025, Almirall informed the Company of its decision to not exercise the option for continued research and development services under the Almirall License Agreement, as permitted within the Almirall License Agreement, thereby relieving the Company of its remaining responsibilities under the Almirall License Agreement. The Company remains eligible to receive additional payments throughout the potential development phases, including development and sales milestones of up to approximately $
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded
Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company recorded advances from collaboration partners in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements related to funding awards from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (“CFF”). The Company will be required to repay amounts received from the CFF in certain circumstances, including upon the successful commercialization of exaluren or any derivative products. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company received
12
amortized over a ten-year period. As of both June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the unamortized debt discount was $
Prior to October 2025, the funding awards included embedded derivatives arising from provisions that, upon the occurrence of a change of control or sale or license of funded assets (each a disposition event), the Company would be required to make payments to the CFF. The 2025 CFF Amendment terminated this requirement. With the termination of the embedded derivative-related terms under the 2025 CFF Amendment, the value of the related embedded derivatives was
Royalty Commitments to the IIA
To date, the Company has received research and development grants from the Israel Innovation Authority (the “IIA”) totaling $
Under the research and development agreements with the IIA and pursuant to applicable law, the Company is required to pay royalties at a low single-digit percentage on sales to end customers of product candidates developed with funds provided by the IIA, up to an amount equal to
As of June 30, 2026, the Company has not commenced the payment obligation of the royalties and has a contingent obligation with respect to royalty-bearing participation received or accrued amounting to $
Research and License Agreement with Technion Research and Development Foundation Ltd. ("TRDF")
On August 29, 2013, the Company entered into the Research and License Agreement (the "Technion Agreement") with Technion Research and Development Foundation Ltd. ("TRDF"), which was further amended and supplemented to reflect, among other things, the assignment of patents and extension of research periods, with respect to certain technology relating to aminoglycosides and the redesign of aminoglycosides for the treatment of human genetic diseases caused by premature stop mutations and further results of the research of the technology, in order to develop and commercialize products based on such technology. Under the Technion Agreement, TRDF is obligated to provide the Company with research services for an estimated annual payment of $
In addition, TRDF granted the Company a license to use, market, sell or sub-license the rights of the product developed under the TRDF research results (the “Licensed Product”), as fully defined in the Technion Agreement, for the following considerations: (i) aggregate milestone payments up to total consideration of $
License Agreement between Zikani and President and Fellows of Harvard College ("Harvard")
On February 10, 2015, Zikani entered into an agreement with the President and Fellows of Harvard to license certain patent rights owned by Harvard. This license agreement was subsequently amended and restated on March 31, 2020 and further amended on July 17, 2024 (the "Harvard Agreement"). Under the Harvard Agreement, Harvard is entitled to receive clinical and regulatory milestone payments totaling up to $
Almirall has agreed to assume responsibility for the payment and performance obligations under the Harvard Agreement as sublicensee which ultimately depends on Almirall’s development and commercialization of ZKN-013.
In addition to the license agreement, the Company also reimburses Harvard for certain costs related to the maintenance and further development of patents developed through the founding stockholder's research. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company incurred less than $
Royalty and Revenue Sharing Agreement
On July 10, 2024, as a condition of Domicilium’s entry into the sixth Hercules Amendment (the "Sixth Hercules
13
Amendment") and in consideration of additional borrowings of $
Under the Royalty Agreement, the Company agreed to pay to Domicilium an amount equal to (i) (x) low-thirties percentage of the Development and Launch Milestone Payments for the several next occurring Development and Launch Milestone Events (as defined in the Almirall License Agreement), minus (y) the amounts required to be paid by the Company pursuant to certain vendors as defined in the Royalty Agreement, and (ii) (x) mid-twenties percentage of (1) each subsequent Development and Launch Milestone Payment plus (2) any Priority Review Voucher Income (as defined in the Almirall License Agreement) realized by Eloxx, less (y) any amount of such Development and Launch Milestone Payments which are due to Harvard University pursuant to the Harvard License Agreement, provided the aggregate amount paid to Domicilium shall not exceed an amount in the mid-double-digit millions. Each Milestone Sharing Payment shall be applied as a repayment or prepayment, as applicable, of the Loans (as defined in the Amended Loan Agreement) (including all interest and fees thereon) owed to Domicilium, if any such Loans remain outstanding. On January 3, 2025, the Company paid Domicilium $
The Royalty Agreement provides for an amount based on a percentage of the aggregate of (without duplication) the net sales, royalties and any other income or revenue realized by the Company solely related to or arising from the exaluren compound or any exaluren product, calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP (collectively, the “exaluren Revenue”) (the “exaluren Revenue-Based Payment”). The exaluren Revenue-Based Payment with respect to each fiscal quarter shall be less than one percent of exaluren Revenue during the applicable fiscal quarter. Commencing on the ZKN-013 royalty commencement date, the Company promises to pay to Domicilium an amount based on a percentage of the aggregate of (without duplication) the net sales, royalties and any other income or revenue realized by the Company solely related to or arising from the ZKN-013 compound, calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP (collectively, the “ZKN-013 Revenue”). The ZKN-013 revenue-based payment with respect to each fiscal quarter shall be less than one percent of ZKN-013 Revenue during the applicable fiscal quarter. The value of the royalty liability for the sales of future revenues was determined to be zero at issuance, at December 31, 2025, and at June 30, 2026, as royalty payments were considered to not be probable.
Contingencies
From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company is currently unaware of any material pending legal proceedings to which it is a party or of which its property is the subject. However, the Company may at times in the future become involved in litigation in the ordinary course of business, which may include actions related to or based on its intellectual property and its use, customer claims, employment practices and employee complaints and other events arising out of its operations. When appropriate in management’s estimation, the Company will record adequate reserves in its financial statements for pending litigation. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in any such matters could adversely impact its reputation, operations, and its financial operating results or overall financial condition.
The Company accounts for contingent liabilities in accordance with ASC Topic 450, “Contingencies”. A provision is recorded when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. With respect to legal matters, provisions are reviewed and adjusted to reflect the impact of negotiations, estimated settlements, legal rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company was not a party to any litigation that is reasonably possible to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred.
7. Stockholders’ Deficit
As of June 30, 2026, the Company had
Second Quarter 2026 Equity Activity
In April 2026, the Company amended certain pre-funded warrants held by Coastlands and Domicilium to increase the beneficial ownership limitation to
14
In May 2026, Coastlands and Domicilium each converted the
In June 2026, in connection with the Company’s uplisting and public offering, the Company amended certain pre-funded warrants held by Domicilium to increase the beneficial ownership limitation to
In June 2026, in conjunction with the uplisting, the Company offered
First Quarter 2026 Equity Activity
On February 20, 2026, the securities purchase agreement (the "Coastlands Securities Purchase Agreement") the Company had entered into with Coastlands Capital Partners LP ("Coastlands") on August 20, 2025, as amended on September 25, 2025 and December 11, 2025, was amended, and, on February 26, 2026, the Company received $
On February 26, 2026, Domicilium exchanged with the Company the remaining $
On March 12, 2026, the Company received $
15
Warrants
As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, outstanding and exercisable warrants consisted of the following:
|
|
Issuance Date |
|
Term (years) |
|
Exercise Price |
|
|
Warrants Outstanding and Exercisable at December 31, 2025 |
|
|
Warrants Outstanding and Exercisable at June 30, 2026 |
|
|
Contractual |
|||
SVB Warrants |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
September 2023 Warrants |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
September 2023 Placement Agent Warrants |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
January 2024 Common Stock Warrant |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
January 2024 Pre-Funded Warrant |
|
|
Perpetual |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
||||
August 2025 Pre-Funded Warrant |
|
|
Perpetual |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
||||
September 2025 Pre-Funded Warrant |
|
|
Perpetual |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
||||
December 2025 Pre-Funded Warrant |
|
|
Perpetual |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
||||
February 2026 Pre-Funded Warrants |
|
|
Perpetual |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
||||
March 2026 Pre-Funded Warrants |
|
|
Perpetual |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
||||
June 2026 Pre-Funded Warrants |
|
|
Perpetual |
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
||||
Warrants outstanding |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Weighted Average Strike Price |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
Weighted Average Remaining Life (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
*
8. Stock-based Compensation
Stock Incentive Plans
On March 12, 2018, the board of directors adopted the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The 2018 Plan became effective on April 20, 2018 upon approval by the stockholders of the Company with the outstanding options and shares available for future grant under any prior plans being assumed by the 2018 Plan. During September 2025, the board of directors approved to reset the number of shares of common stock reserved under the 2018 Plan to be
Stock options granted have a
16
Summary of Stock Option Activity
Transactions related to stock options awarded to employees and directors during the six months ended June 30, 2026 were as follows:
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
Aggregate |
|
||||
Options outstanding at December 31, 2025 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||||
Granted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Exercised |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||
Forfeited |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
||
Options outstanding at June 30, 2026 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||||
Options exercisable at June 30, 2026 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||||
The aggregate intrinsic value represents the total intrinsic value (the difference between the fair value of the common stock as of June 30, 2026 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on June 30, 2026.
Summary of Restricted Stock Unit Activity
Activity related to restricted stock units awarded to employees during the six months ended June 30, 2026 was as follows:
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Weighted |
|
||
Unvested at December 31, 2025 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||
Granted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Vested |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
Forfeited |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Unvested at June 30, 2026 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||
17
Summary of Restricted Stock Award Activity
Activity related to restricted stock awards awarded to employees during the six months ended June 30, 2026 was as follows:
|
|
Shares |
|
|
Weighted |
|
||
Unvested at December 31, 2025 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||
Granted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Vested |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
Repurchased |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Unvested at June 30, 2026 |
|
|
|
|
$ |
|
||
Stock-based Compensation
Stock-based compensation relates to employees, non-employee directors and non-employee consultants, time-based stock options, performance-based stock options, restricted stock awards, and restricted stock units granted.
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
||||
Research and development |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
||||
General and administrative |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total stock-based compensation expense |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
||||
9. Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The following tables summarize the Company's fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
June 30, 2026 |
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |
|
|
Significant Other Observable Inputs |
|
|
Significant Unobservable Inputs |
|
||||
Assets |
|
Total |
|
|
(Level 1) |
|
|
(Level 2) |
|
|
(Level 3) |
|
||||
Money market funds included in cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Warrant liabilities |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
December 31, 2025 |
|
|
|
|
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |
|
|
Significant Other Observable Inputs |
|
|
Significant Unobservable Inputs |
|
||||
Assets |
|
Total |
|
|
(Level 1) |
|
|
(Level 2) |
|
|
(Level 3) |
|
||||
Money market funds included in cash and cash equivalents |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
||||
The Company is party to certain funding awards with the CFF. Prior to October 2025, the funding awards included embedded derivatives arising from provisions that, upon the occurrence of a change of control or sale or license of funded assets (each a disposition event), the Company would be required to make payments to the CFF. In October 2025, this requirement was terminated. With the termination of the embedded derivative-related terms, the value of the related embedded derivatives was zero as of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
The September 2023 Warrants and the September 2023 Placement Agent Warrants, which were issued as part of the September 2023 Registered Direct Offering, are classified as liabilities within Level 3 due to certain early settlement provisions that preclude them from equity classification. The Company determined the value of the September 2023 Warrants and the September 2023 Placement Agent Warrants was immaterial as of December 31, 2025. The value of the
18
September 2023 Warrants and the September 2023 Placement Agent Warrants was determined to be $
The table below provides a summary of the fair value of the derivative liabilities and the warrant liabilities, which were Level 3 fair value estimates (in thousands), for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025:
|
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
|
2025 |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
|
2025 |
|
||||
Fair value of derivative liabilities, beginning of period |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
||||
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Fair value of derivative liabilities, end of period |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|
||||||||||||
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
|
2025 |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
|
|
2025 |
|
||||
Fair value of warrant liabilities, beginning of period |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Fair value of warrant liabilities, end of period |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
||||
10. Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other (income) expense, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
||||
Interest expense |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
||||
Interest income |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
|
Gain on extinguishment of accrued interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
|
|
|||
Imputed interest expense on 2025 bridge loans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Other expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total other expense, net |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
||||
11. Segment and Geographic Information
The Company has
The significant expense categories regularly reviewed by the CODM for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 are the same as the significant expense categories included in the Company's income statement. While the Company operates in three geographic regions (the U.S., Israel, and Australia), substantially all of the Company's long-lived assets are located in the U.S.
The table below summarizes the significant expense categories regularly provided to, and reviewed by, the CODM for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
19
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
||||
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Research and development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Clinical and manufacturing |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
||||
Other research and development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total research and development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
General and administrative |
|
|
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||||
Loss from operations |
|
|
( |
) |
|
|
( |
) |
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|
( |
) |
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( |
) |
|
Other expense, net |
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|
||||
Total other expense, net |
|
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|
||||
Net loss |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
20
12. Net Loss Per Share
The net loss and the weighted average number of shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, are as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
2026 |
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|
2025 |
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||||
Numerator: |
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|
|
|
||||
Net loss |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
Denominator: |
|
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|
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|
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|
||||
Weighted average number of shares of common stock and pre-funded warrants used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
||||
Net loss per share, basic and diluted |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
$ |
( |
) |
|
The following potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding as their effect would be anti-dilutive:
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|
|||||
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
||
Options to purchase common stock |
|
|
|
|
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|
||
Restricted stock units, unvested portion |
|
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|
|
|
|
||
Restricted stock awards, unvested portion |
|
|
|
|
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|
||
Common warrants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total potential common stock equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
The outstanding pre-funded warrants are exercisable for only a de minimis cash consideration with no substantive exercise contingencies, accordingly, the Company included pre-funded warrants in the weighted average shares outstanding for both basic and diluted earnings per share calculations.
21
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, as well as the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, and the discussion under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 (the “2025 Annual Report”). Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those made, projected or implied in the forward-looking statements. Please see the sections “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Summary Risk Factors,” and Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” herein.
Company Overview
We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing novel, small-molecule product candidates designed to modulate the ribosome and promote readthrough of premature stop codons induced by nonsense mutations (“NMs”) to enable the production of full-length proteins. Targeting ribosome subunits provides a therapeutic approach to addressing a number of genetic diseases. According to the Human Gene Mutation Database, NMs account for approximately 10% to 12% of patients with a given genetic disease. There are over 7,000 inherited genetic diseases that collectively affect 350 million people worldwide.
Our immediate focus is to advance the clinical development of our product candidate, exaluren, for the treatment of rare kidney diseases. We have also exclusively licensed our product candidate, ZKN-013, to Almirall, S.A. (“Almirall”), who is developing it for the treatment of rare skin diseases.
Between January 2023 and April 2024, we conducted a proof-of-concept Phase 2a open-label trial of exaluren in the United Kingdom in three patients with autosomal recessive Alport Syndrome (“AS”) and a NM in the COL4A4 gene. The primary endpoint of this study was to assess the number of participants with adverse events associated with administration of exaluren. The secondary endpoints were change from baseline in proteinuria, measured by the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (“UPCR”) in a patient’s urine samples, and hematuria, and change in baseline in Collagen IV expression. All three patients showed a reduction in podocyte foot process effacement (“FPE”), which is the flattening and loss of specialized kidney cell structures that form the filtration barrier and attach to the podocytes and glomerular basement membrane, in transmission electron microscopy (“TEM”) images. FPE is a hallmark of kidney diseases including AS and the severity of FPE has historically been associated with time to kidney failure. TEM images of biopsy samples also showed an improvement in the GBM width in all treated patients. FPE was also measured as a 50% increase in the filtration slit density (“FSD”).
These results were consistent with exaluren’s proposed mechanism of functional full-length protein restoration as reflected by improvements in GBM architecture and FPE observed in kidney biopsies. At the end of treatment, UPCR had decreased for one patient and increased for two patients. We received clearance to proceed with a Phase 2b clinical trial for exaluren in NMAS patients (without kidney biopsies in U.S. pediatric patients) under an IND from the FDA and we plan to initiate this trial in the third quarter of 2026.
Our pipeline also includes a preclinical program evaluating exaluren for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (“ADPKD”) in patients that have NMs (“nmADPKD”). ADPKD is the most common monogenic kidney disease based on genetic diagnosis, affecting approximately 160,000 to 200,000 patients in the United States. The PKD1 gene encodes polycystin-1 (“PC1”) and the PKD2 gene encodes polycystin-2 (“PC2”), these are proteins that regulate cell growth and fluid secretion in kidney tubules. Loss of functional PC1 or PC2 protein leads to uncontrolled cyst formation. Approximately 26% of ADPKD patients have NMs in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes resulting in a prevalence of approximately 40,000 to 50,000 patients in the United States and over 90,000 in developed markets outside of the United States. Patients experience hypertension, kidney stones, urinary tract infections, heart valve abnormalities, hematuria and increased probability of aortic aneurysm. Formation of these cysts eventually leads to nephromegaly (kidney enlargement) and end-stage renal disease. The only approved therapy for ADPKD, tolvaptan, does not address the underlying genetic cause and carries significant tolerability limitations.
Preclinical organoid and cellular models have shown increased PC1 and PC2 gene expression following treatment with exaluren. We plan to initiate enrollment in a Phase 2 trial of exaluren for the treatment of nmADPKD in 2027 following protocol finalization and clearance of an investogational new drug application by the FDA. In July 2026, the European Commission granted orphan medicinal product designation in the European Union for exaluren for the treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) (EU/3/26/3273), in addition to the orphan drug designation previously granted to exaluren by the FDA for the treatment of AS.
22
We have also exclusively licensed ZKN-013, an oral ribosome modulating agent (“RMA”) with structural similarity to azithromycin that induces PTC readthrough to Almirall. In March 2024, we entered into an exclusive global rights agreement with Almirall (the “Almirall License Agreement”) for Almirall to develop and commercialize ZKN-013 for the use in all indications. Through the Almirall License Agreement, Almirall is developing ZKN-013 for the treatment of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (“RDEB”) and junctional epidermolysis bullosa (“JEB”) with NMs. RDEB and JEB are rare skin diseases characterized by mutations in the Collagen VII (RDEB) and LAMB3 (JEB) proteins. Under the Almirall License Agreement, we received an upfront payment of $3 million and a development milestone payment of $3 million in 2024. Almirall is responsible for development and commercialization of ZKN-013 and we are eligible to receive up to approximately $470.0 million in additional development, regulatory and commercial milestone payments as well as tiered royalties based on global sales. The agreement may be terminated under specified circumstances, including for convenience by Almirall, in which case rights may revert to us.
In May 2026, we effected a one-for-eleven reverse stock split of our common stock. All share and per share amounts for all periods presented have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the reverse stock split. Stockholders who otherwise would have been entitled to receive a fractional share received cash in lieu of such fractional share based on the fair market value of our common stock as specified in the reverse stock split provisions. A proportionate adjustment was also made to the maximum number of shares issuable under the 2018 Plan.
In May 2026, we reduced the number of shares authorized from 500,000,000 shares authorized of common stock, $0.01 par value, to 100,000,000 shares authorized of common stock, $0.01 par value.
In June 2026, we completed an uplisting to the Nasdaq Capital Market, alongside a public offering. Net proceeds from the public offering were $58.3 million. Our common stock was previously listed on the OTC Pink Limited Market.
Results of Operations
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the periods presented (in thousands):
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Change |
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|
Change |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
% |
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
% |
||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Research and development |
|
$ |
2,840 |
|
|
$ |
898 |
|
|
$ |
1,942 |
|
|
|
216 |
|
% |
|
$ |
4,500 |
|
|
$ |
1,408 |
|
|
$ |
3,092 |
|
|
|
220 |
|
% |
General and administrative |
|
|
1,610 |
|
|
|
684 |
|
|
|
926 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
% |
|
|
3,746 |
|
|
|
1,396 |
|
|
|
2,350 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
% |
Total operating expenses |
|
|
4,450 |
|
|
|
1,582 |
|
|
|
2,868 |
|
|
|
181 |
|
% |
|
|
8,246 |
|
|
|
2,804 |
|
|
|
5,442 |
|
|
|
194 |
|
% |
Loss from operations |
|
|
(4,450 |
) |
|
|
(1,582 |
) |
|
|
2,868 |
|
|
|
181 |
|
% |
|
|
(8,246 |
) |
|
|
(2,804 |
) |
|
|
5,442 |
|
|
|
194 |
|
% |
Other (income) expense, net |
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
309 |
|
|
|
(257 |
) |
|
|
(83 |
) |
% |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
796 |
|
|
|
(786 |
) |
|
|
(99 |
) |
% |
Net loss |
|
$ |
(4,502 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,891 |
) |
|
$ |
2,611 |
|
|
|
138 |
|
% |
|
$ |
(8,256 |
) |
|
$ |
(3,600 |
) |
|
$ |
4,656 |
|
|
|
129 |
|
% |
Research and development expense
Research and development expenses were $2.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $0.9 million for the same period in 2025, an increase of $1.9 million. The increase was primarily related to an increase of $1.6 million in clinical trial expenses, a $0.2 million increase in salaries and other personnel costs, and a $0.1 million increase in expenses related to subcontractors, advisors, and laboratory supplies in connection with preclinical research and development activities.
Research and development expenses were $4.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $1.4 million for the same period in 2025, an increase of $3.1 million. The increase was primarily related to an increase of $2.4 million in clinical trial expenses, a $0.4 million increase in salaries and other personnel costs, and a $0.3 million increase in expenses related to subcontractors, advisors, and laboratory supplies in connection with preclinical research and development activities.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses were $1.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $0.7 million for the same period in 2025, an increase of $0.9 million. The increase was primarily related to a $0.7 million increase in expenses attributable to professional and consulting fees, including legal costs and audit and tax fees, and a $0.2 million increase in salaries and other personnel costs.
General and administrative expenses were $3.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $1.4 million for the same period in 2025, an increase of $2.3 million. The increase was primarily related to a $1.8 million increase in expenses attributable to professional and consulting fees, including legal costs and audit and tax fees, a $0.3 million
23
increase in facility and other general and administrative overhead costs, and a $0.2 million increase in salaries and other personnel costs.
Other (income) expense, net
Other expense, net, was less than $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $0.3 million in other expense, net, for the same period in 2025, a decrease of $0.3 million. The change was primarily related to a decrease in interest expense of $0.2 million due to the majority of our outstanding debt being exchanged for pre-funded warrants in 2025 and the $0.1 million in imputed interest recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2025, partially offset by a change of $0.1 million in the fair value of warrant liabilities.
Other expense, net, was less than $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $0.8 million in other expense, net, for the same period in 2025, a change of $0.8 million. The change was primarily related to a decrease in interest expense of $0.6 million due to the majority of our outstanding debt being exchanged for pre-funded warrants in 2025 and the $0.1 million in imputed interest recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2025, partially offset by a change of $0.1 million in the fair value of warrant liabilities.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. Our net losses were $4.5 million and $1.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $8.3 million and $3.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. As of June 30, 2026, we had an accumulated deficit of $308.8 million. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through the sale of equity, license and collaboration agreements, debt securities and, to a lesser extent, grants. We may never achieve profitability, and unless and until we do, we will continue to need to raise additional capital to fund our operations. We have devoted substantially all of our financial resources and efforts to research and development. We expect that it may be several years, if ever, before we receive regulatory approval and have a product candidate ready for commercialization. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future due to, among other things, costs related to research, development of our product candidates, conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, and our administrative organization. A successful transition to profitable operations is dependent upon achieving a level of revenue adequate to support our cost structure. Our net losses may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. We anticipate that our expenses may increase if, and as, we:
We believe that our cash and cash equivalents of $62.0 million as of June 30, 2026, which includes the $58.3 million in net proceeds from the public offering described above, will be sufficient to maintain our current and planned operations for at least the next twelve months following the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern and do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
24
Financing Activities for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2026 and 2025
On February 20, 2026, the securities purchase agreement (the "Coastlands Securities Purchase Agreement") we had entered into with Coastlands Capital Partners LP ("Coastlands") on August 20, 2025, as amended on September 25, 2025 and December 11, 2025, was amended, and, on February 26, 2026, we received $5.0 million from Coastlands in return for a pre-funded warrant to purchase up to 927,643 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.11 per share, based on a purchase price of $5.39 per share of underlying common stock.
On February 26, 2026, SD MF 4, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Domicilium") exchanged with us the remaining $1.0 million of our outstanding obligations under the Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules Capital, Inc. ("Hercules"), dated as of September 30, 2021 (the "Hercules Loan Agreement"), as amended, in connection with the Coastlands Third Tranche Closing, in return for a pre-funded warrant to purchase up to 185,527 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.11 per share, based on a conversion price of $5.39 per share of underlying common stock. In addition, Domicilium agreed to waive any and all additional accrued and unpaid interest related to the remaining $1.0 million, which was less than $0.1 million as of February 26, 2026. As of February 26, 2026, we had no remaining outstanding debt obligations.
On March 12, 2026, we received $2.0 million from Domicilium, in return for a pre-funded warrant to purchase up to 371,057 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.11 per share, based on a purchase price of $5.39 per share of underlying common stock.
In April 2026, we amended certain pre-funded warrants held by Coastlands and Domicilium to increase the beneficial ownership limitation to 19.99% and permit shares issued upon exercise to be converted back into pre-funded warrants at the holder’s election. Following the amendments, Coastlands and Domicilium exercised a portion of their pre-funded warrants for 113,636 shares each, for a total of 227,272 shares of our common stock, at an exercise price of $0.11 per share, for proceeds of less than $0.1 million.
In May 2026, Coastlands and Domicilium each converted the 113,636 shares of common stock into pre-funded warrants pursuant to the terms of the pre-funded warrant for a total aggregate amount of 227,272 shares of common stock converted into pre-funded warrants, with no proceeds being exchanged.
In June 2026, in connection with our uplisting and public offering, we amended certain pre-funded warrants held by Domicilium to increase the beneficial ownership limitation to 19.99% and permit shares issued upon exercise to be converted back into pre-funded warrants at the holder’s election. The amendments facilitated the issuance of additional shares of common stock in the offering to satisfy Nasdaq listing requirements. Following the amendments, Domicilium exercised a portion of their pre-funded warrants for 600,000 shares of our common stock, at an exercise price of $0.11 per share, for proceeds of approximately $0.1 million. We accounted for the amendments under ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” as a modification of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remained equity-classified after the modification. As the modification was directly attributable to the uplisting and public offering, we measured the incremental fair value using a Black-Scholes valuation model and determined the impact of the modification to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.
In June 2026, in conjunction with the uplisting, we offered 2,975,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, at a public offering price of $11.00 per share. In addition, we offered, to certain investors, in lieu of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 3,025,000 shares of our common stock at an offering price of $10.99 per underlying share, which was equal to the public offering price for the common stock in the offering, minus the $0.01 exercise price. Net proceeds from the public offering were $58.3 million. Each pre-funded warrant is exercisable for one share of our common stock and has an exercise price of $0.01 per share. The pre-funded warrants are exercisable at any time after the date of issuance, subject to ownership limitations, as described therein.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we entered into non-interest-bearing bridge loans with Domicilium for $2.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively, including a bridge loan for $0.5 million with Domicilium following Domicilium's repayment to Hercules of an end of term charge which was treated as a modification of a previous advance. We received $1.9 million and $2.3 million, respectively, in cash during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 from these bridge loans. We recorded interest expense of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million representing imputed interest for the non-interest-bearing bridge loans during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. The imputed interest of 13.75% was calculated using the sum of 6.25% plus the prime rate, as published in The Wall Street Journal. In addition, during the six months ended June 30, 2025, we repaid $0.3 million for the bridge loans that had been entered into with Domicilium in December 2024, including accrued interest, repaid $0.5 million related to Development and Launch Milestone Payments, in accordance with the terms of the Royalty and Revenue Sharing Agreement, as amended on March 2, 2026 (the “Royalty Agreement”) with Domicilium, and repaid $0.5 million in outstanding debt obligations to Hercules under the Hercules Loan Agreement.
25
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented (in thousands):
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|||||
|
|
2026 |
|
|
2025 |
|
||
Net cash used in operating activities |
|
$ |
(10,242 |
) |
|
$ |
(549 |
) |
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
|
67,417 |
|
|
|
1,010 |
|
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities was $10.2 million for the six months ended June 30 2026, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. During the six months ended June 30, 2026, our net loss of $8.3 million and the change in working capital of $2.2 million was partially offset by non-cash charges of $0.1 million related to stock-based compensation expense and $0.1 million related to the change in the fair value of warrant liabilities. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, our net loss of $3.6 million was partially offset by the change in working capital of $2.6 million, and non-cash charges of $0.2 million related to debt discount amortization and $0.1 million related to imputed interest.
Cash flows from financing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $67.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025. For the six months ended June 30, 2026, net cash provided by financing activities consisted primarily of $60.3 million of net proceeds from the public offering, including $2.0 million of issuance costs included in accounts payable and accrued expenses as of June 30, 2026, and $7.0 million in net proceeds from the sale of pre-funded warrants under the Coastlands and Domicilium Securities Purchase Agreements transactions. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities consisted primarily of $2.3 million in proceeds from debt financing obligations, partially offset by repayments of outstanding debt obligations of $1.3 million.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. These items are monitored and analyzed by us for changes in facts and circumstances, and material changes in these estimates could occur in the future. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
The critical accounting policies used in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are consistent with those described in our audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 and the notes thereto, in our 2025 Annual Report, except for the policy below.
Stock-Based Compensation
We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC Topic 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). We recognize compensation expenses for the value of our awards granted based on the straight-line method over the requisite service period of each of the awards or over the implicit service period when an award includes a performance condition, provided that achievement of the performance condition is considered probable of being achieved. We account for forfeitures as they occur.
We grant stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”) to certain employees, consultants and directors as part of our long-term incentive compensation program. Options are measured at fair value on the grant date using an option-pricing model, the most significant input for which has been the fair value of our common stock. RSU’s and RSAs are measured at fair value on the grant date, which is also determined based on the fair value of our
26
common stock.
The absence of an active market for our common stock has required the board of directors, the members of which we believe have extensive business, finance and venture capital experience, to determine the fair value of our common stock for purposes of granting stock-based awards and for calculating stock-based compensation expense for the periods presented. For equity-based grants made in 2024 and 2026, and during the time we had sufficient trading volume in our common stock, our board of directors determined the fair value of our common stock for purposes of stock-based compensation under ASC 718 using the trading price of our common stock on the applicable grant date. However, for equity-based grants made in 2025 and in the absence of an active market for our common stock, our board of directors determined the fair value of options, RSUs and RSAs granted with reference to contemporaneous third-party valuations prepared using the methodologies, approaches and assumptions consistent with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Practice Guide, Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation.
Because our common stock has had limited trading activity on the OTC Expert Market, for grants made during the year ended December 31, 2025 we used, among other things, input from a third-party valuation specialist to assist the board of directors in estimating the fair value of our common stock on a contemporaneous basis, and used that estimate to determine the grant-date fair value of equity awards.
We determined the market approach was the most appropriate method for determining the fair value of our common stock based on our stage of development and other relevant factors. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable (that is, similar) assets, liabilities, or a group of assets and liabilities, such as a business or security. The valuation reflected a market approach that tied to our most recent arm’s-length equity financing (the Coastlands Securities Purchase Agreement), this transaction represented an orderly market-based transaction with the purchase price in that financing used as an indicator of fair value (assuming consideration given to the implied call option embedded therein), as adjusted for discounts related to the lack of marketability and control associated with minority ownership.
The significant assumptions used in applying the market approach are the appropriate discount for lack of marketability and control for a minority interest in a company without a liquid trading market, as well as the assumptions in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, including the expected volatility, estimated by reference to the historical volatility of a peer group of publicly traded companies in our industry group; the risk-free interest rate, based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve for periods approximating the expected term of the award; and an expected dividend yield of zero, as we have never paid, and do not currently intend to pay, cash dividends.
Changes in these assumptions, and changes in the underlying fair value of our common stock, could materially affect the fair value of future awards and the related compensation expense.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as such term is defined under Item 303 of Regulation S-K, that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.
27
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Omitted as we are a “smaller reporting company”, as defined in Item 10(f)(1) of SEC Regulation S-K.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect that there are resource constraints and management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2026. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that, due to the material weakness described below, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2026.
The Company identified the following material weakness in its internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2025, which had not been remediated as of June 30, 2026:
The material weakness resulted from inconsistent execution of certain financial reporting controls, primarily within the financial close and reconciliation processes. Specifically, controls related to timely preparation and review of account reconciliations and period-end review procedures were not consistently performed or documented at a level sufficient to support the completeness and accuracy of financial reporting. These deficiencies also affected certain review controls over complex accounting analyses and technical accounting documentation prepared during the period.
Notwithstanding the material weakness, management believes the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in this report present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with U.S. GAAP.
Remediation Status
Management is fully committed to addressing the material weakness in our internal controls and has implemented several key initiatives to strengthen them. During the quarter ended June 30, 2026, management continued to execute on its remediation plan. Remediation activities during the quarter included, among other actions:
Increasing accounting and financial reporting resources through the addition of qualified personnel and the continued use of external advisors;
Continuing to execute a consistent full monthly and quarterly financial close process; and
Initiating steps to enhance documentation standards, approval protocols, and oversight procedures.
Management continues to work toward strengthening management review controls over complex and judgmental accounting areas and enhancing the timely preparation and review of reconciliations of significant financial statement accounts.
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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2026, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, except as disclosed in "Remediation Status" above.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business, which may include, without limitation, actions related to or based on our intellectual property and its use, customer claims, employment practices and employee complaints and other events arising out of our operations. We are currently unaware of any material pending legal proceedings to which we are party or of which our property is the subject. However, we may at times in the future become involved in litigation in the ordinary course of business. When appropriate in management’s estimation, we will record adequate reserves in our financial statements for pending litigation. Litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in any such matters could adversely impact our reputation, operations, and our financial operating results or overall financial condition. Additionally, any litigation to which we may become subject could also require significant involvement of our senior management and may divert management’s attention from our business and operations.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this item. Please see the “Risk Factors” section in Part I, Item 1A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
In April 2026, we amended certain pre-funded warrants held by Coastlands and Domicilium to increase the beneficial ownership limitation to 19.99% and permit shares issued upon exercise to be converted back into pre-funded warrants at the holder’s election. Following the amendments, Coastlands and Domicilium exercised a portion of their pre-funded warrants for 113,636 shares each, for a total of 227,272 shares of our common stock, at an exercise price of $0.11 per share, for proceeds of less than $0.1 million.
In May 2026, Coastlands and Domicilium each converted the 113,636 shares of common stock into pre-funded warrants pursuant to the terms of the pre-funded warrant for a total aggregate amount of 227,272 shares of common stock converted into pre-funded warrants, with no proceeds being exchanged..
In June 2026, in connection with the Company’s uplisting and public offering, we amended certain pre-funded warrants held by Domicilium to increase the beneficial ownership limitation to 19.99% and permit shares issued upon exercise to be converted back into pre-funded warrants at the holder’s election. The amendments facilitated the issuance of additional shares of common stock in the offering to satisfy Nasdaq listing requirements. Following the amendments, Domicilium exercised a portion of their pre-funded warrants for 600,000 shares common stock, at an exercise price of $0.11 per share, for proceeds of approximately $0.1 million. We accounted for the amendments under ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” as a modification of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that remained equity-classified after the modification. As the modification was directly attributable to the uplisting and public offering, we measured the incremental fair value using a Black-Scholes valuation model and determined the impact of the modification to be immaterial to the consolidated financial statements.
In June 2026, we issued options to purchase up to 169,300 shares of common stock to certain of our employees and non-employee directors with an exercise price of $11.00 per share.
All of these unregistered securities were issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) under the Securities Act, relative to transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering, to the extent an exemption from such registration was required.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information.
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Item 6. Exhibits
The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Where so indicated, exhibits that were previously filed are incorporated by reference. For exhibits incorporated by reference, the location of the exhibit in the previous filing is indicated.
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Incorporated by Reference |
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Exhibit Number |
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Exhibit Description |
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Form |
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File No. |
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Exhibit |
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Filing Date |
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3.1 |
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8-K |
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31326 |
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3.1 |
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June 1, 2026 |
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10.1 |
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10+Q |
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31326 |
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10.4 |
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May 5, 2026 |
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10.2 |
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Form of Pre-Funded Warrant issued pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, dated as of June 4, 2026 |
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S-1 |
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295651 |
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10.60 |
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June 4, 2026 |
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10.3 |
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Form of Pre-Funded Warrant issued pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, dated as of June 8, 2026
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S-1 |
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295651 |
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10.59 |
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June 4, 2026 |
10.4 |
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Amendment No.1 to the Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 1, 2026. |
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S-1 |
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295651 |
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10.55 |
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June 4, 2026 |
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10.5 |
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Eloxx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2018 Amended and Restated Equity Incentive Plan. |
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S-1 |
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295651 |
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10.58 |
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June 4, 2026 |
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31.1* |
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31.2* |
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32.1** |
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32.2** |
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101.INS* |
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Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the XBRL document. |
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101.SCH* |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. |
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Incorporated by Reference |
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Exhibit Number |
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Exhibit Description |
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Form |
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File No. |
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Exhibit |
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Filing Date |
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101.CAL* |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. |
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101.DEF* |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. |
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101.LAB* |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. |
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101.PRE* |
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Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. |
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104 |
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Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
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* Filed herewith.
** This certification is being furnished solely to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
‡ Confidential treatment requested under 17 C.F.R. §§200.80(b)(4) and 24b-2. The confidential portions of this exhibit have been omitted and are marked accordingly. The confidential portions have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the confidential treatment request.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
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ELOXX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. |
Date: August 11, 2026 |
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by: |
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/s/ Daniel E. Geffken |
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Daniel E. Geffken |
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Interim Chief Financial Officer |
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(Principal Financial Officer) |
34