Fly-E Group, Inc 10-K for FY2026
Fly-E Group, Inc. (FLYE)
About this 10-K
Fly-E Group, Inc filed this 10-K on July 23, 2026, covering the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 (FY2026).
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2026, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $19.06M
- down 25.0% from $25.43M a year earlier
- Net loss
- $9.26M
- compared with a net loss of $5.29M a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- -$8.38
- compared with -$21.95 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
For the fiscal year ended
OR
For the transition period from___________ to___________
Commission file number
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a
well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐
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required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
(1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements
for the past 90 days.
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has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405
of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
| ☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check
mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting
standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial
reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or
issued its audit report.
If securities are registered pursuant to Section
12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction
of an error to previously issued financial statements.
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting
common stock of Fly-E Group, Inc. held by non-affiliates was approximately $
APPLICABLE ONLY TO REGISTRANTS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY
PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRECEDING FIVE YEARS:
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ☐ No ☐
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE REGISTRANTS)
As of July 23, 2026, there were
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
List hereunder the following documents if incorporated by reference and the Part of the Form 10-K (e.g., Part I, Part II, etc.) into which the document is incorporated: (1) Any annual report to security holders; (2) Any proxy or information statement; and (3) Any annual report filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) or (c) under the Securities Act of 1933. The listed documents should be clearly described for identification purposes (e.g., annual report to security holders for fiscal year ended December 24, 1980). None.
Table of Contents
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report, including, without limitation, statements under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the words “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “may,” “will,” “potential,” “projects,” “predicts,” “continue,” or “should,” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. These statements are based on management’s current expectations, but actual results may differ materially due to various factors, including, but not limited to:
| ● | our ability to obtain additional funding to market our vehicles and develop new products; |
| ● | our ability to produce our vehicles with sufficient volume and quality to satisfy customers; |
| ● | the inability of our principal vendors to deliver the necessary components for our vehicles at prices and volumes acceptable to us; |
| ● | our principal vendors failing to perform quality control on our products; |
| ● | the inability to obtain sufficient intellectual property protection for our brand and technologies; |
| ● | our vehicles failing to perform as expected; |
| ● | our facing product warranty claims or product recalls; |
| ● | our facing adverse determinations in significant product liability claims; |
| ● | customers not adopting electric vehicles; |
| ● | the development of alternative technology that adversely affects our business; |
| ● | our ability to regain and maintain compliance with the continued listing standards of the Nasdaq; |
| ● | the changes or developments with respect to domestic and international customs, tariffs, and trade policies, corresponding or retaliatory actions by other countries and related uncertainties; |
| ● | increased government regulation of our industry; and |
| ● | tariffs and currency exchange rates. |
The forward-looking statements contained in this annual report are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. Future developments affecting us may not be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this annual report. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
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Part I
Item 1. Business
Overview
Fly-E Group, Inc. (“Fly-E Group,” and collectively with its subsidiaries, the “Company,” “we” or similar terminology), is an electric vehicle (“EV”) company that is principally engaged in designing, installing and selling smart electric motorcycles (“E-motorcycles”), electric bikes (“E-bikes”), electric scooters (“E-scooters”) and related accessories under the brand “Fly E-Bike.” At Fly E-Bike, our commitment is to encourage people to incorporate eco-friendly transportation into their active lifestyles, ultimately contributing towards building a more environmentally friendly future.
Our first store was established in 2018 in New York. Our business has grown rapidly since then and we believe we are now one of the leading providers of E-bikes for food delivery workers in New York City. As of July 23, 2026, we have 4 stores in the U.S. The Company offers rental services from selected locations in New York, Boston and Los Angeles. We also operate one online store at flyebike.com, focusing on selling E-motorcycles, E-bikes and E-scooters, serving customers in the United States.
We have a diversified product portfolio that is designed to satisfy the various demands of our customers and address different urban travel scenarios. Additionally, we aim to refresh our product offerings continuously to align with evolving market trends. As of July 23, 2026, we offered 27 E-motorcycle products, 37 E-bike products and 38 E-scooter products.
We also operate a rental program to meet the increasing market demand for safe, UL-certified e-bikes in compliance with New York State regulations. The rental service, now available in New York City and Los Angeles via the Go Fly rental service mobile app and select Fly E-Bike stores, provides users with a flexible and affordable e-bike rental option.
We build our smart E-bikes based on advanced and innovative technologies, including smart technologies, powertrain and battery technologies and automotive inspired functionalities. Adhering to our user-centric philosophy in product design, we collect user feedback and product performance data to develop new products or functionalities to satisfy unmet demand. All our products are designed to embody themes of style, freedom and technology. Some of our E-bikes are specifically designed for food delivery workers and are featured with longer battery life and stable backseat for holding a basket. In addition, we designed an easy battery swap system for these E-bikes, allowing food delivery workers to easily replace a fully charged battery at any of our stores within a minute.
Our net revenues were approximately $19.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2026, consisting of retail sales revenue of approximately $6.9 million, wholesale revenue of $11.6 million, and rental services revenue of $0.6 million. Our net revenues were approximately $25.4 million for the year ended March 31, 2025, consisting of retail sales revenue of approximately $21.7 million, wholesale revenue of approximately $3.5 million, and rental services revenue of $171,867.
Recent Developments
2024 Stock Split
In April 2024, we effected a stock split of our authorized and all issued and outstanding shares of our common stock and preferred stock at a split ratio of 1-for-110,000, where the par value of the Company’s common stock remained unchanged at $0.01 per share, and number of authorized shares of the Company’s capital stock was increased from 440 to 48,400,000, with the number of authorized shares of common stock and preferred stock being increased from 400 to 44,000,000 and from 40 to 4,400,000, respectively. The issued and outstanding common stock and preferred stock increased at a split ratio of 1-for-110,000.
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IPO
On June 7, 2024, we consummated our initial public officering (the “IPO”) and sold 22,500 shares of common stock, at a price of $400.00 per share. The gross proceeds of the offering were $9.0 million, prior to deducting the underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses payable by the Company. In addition, we granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase an additional 3,375 shares of common stock at the initial public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions, to cover over-allotments. On June 25, 2024, we sold an additional 3,375 shares of common stock to the underwriters of our IPO for gross proceeds of $1.4 million upon full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. Net proceeds received by us from our initial public offering, including the exercise of the over-allotment option, were approximately $9.2 million. We also issued to The Benchmark Company, LLC (the “IPO Representative”), the representative of the IPO underwriters warrants to purchase 1,294 shares. None of such warrants were exercised as of the date of this annual report.
Loan and Security Agreement
On August 5, 2024, the Company, Fly E-Bike, Inc. (“Fly E-Bike”), a Delaware corporation, and Fly EV, Inc. (collectively with the Company and Fly E-Bike, the “Borrower”) entered into a loan and security agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Peapack-Gladstone Bank (the “Lender”). Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, the Lender made available to the Borrower a $5 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit”), which the Borrower will use periodically for operating needs and to help facilitate acquisitions. The Loan Agreement has a one-year term. The principal balance of the loan under the Revolving Credit bears interest at a per annum rate equal to the term SOFR plus a spread of 3.50%, with a floor of 5.50%. The Borrower will make interest-only payments quarterly, starting on November 1, 2024. The entire amount of outstanding principal and interest is due on August 31, 2025.
As security for the payment of the loan, the Borrower granted the Lender a continuing lien on and security interest in all assets of the Borrower, including accounts, chattel paper, documents, instruments, inventory, general intangibles, equipment, fixtures, deposit accounts, goods, letter-of-credit rights, supporting obligations, investment property, commercial tort claims, property in the Lender’s possession, additions, and proceeds. The Borrower paid a non-refundable revolving credit closing fee of $20,000 at closing, agreed to pay an unused line fee of 0.25% quarterly, and a late charge of 5% on any payments not made within five days of the due date. Upon an event of default, the Lender may terminate the Revolving Credit, declare the Borrower’s obligations immediately due and payable, and exercise rights under the UCC and other applicable laws, including taking possession of the collateral and selling it.
Rental Program
We launched a rental program to meet the increasing market demand for safe, UL-certified e-bikes in compliance with New York State regulations in October 2024. The rental service, now available in New York City, and Los Angeles via the Go Fly rental service mobile app and select Fly E-Bike stores, provides users with a flexible and affordable e-bike rental option.
Trade-in Program
In January 2025, the New York City Department of Transportation (“NYC DOT”) launched a $2 million trade-in program, allowing eligible food delivery workers to replace their unsafe e-bikes, e-mobility devices, and batteries with high-quality versions. Our Fly-11 PRO was chosen as the official model of NYC DOT and participates in this program. From January 2025 to June 2025, we participated in this program and completed the delivery of Fly-11 Pro models to our retail partner participating in the program.
Increase in Authorized Shares
In March 2025, we amended our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to increase the authorized shares of common stock from 100,000,000 shares to 300,000,000 shares.
UL Litigation
On or about March 12, 2025, UL LLC (“UL”) filed a complaint against the Company, along with the Company’s certain subsidiaries and certain individuals, in the Eastern District of New York (the “Complaint”). The Complaint alleges that the Company improperly used UL’s trademark by claiming certain products were certified by UL. The Complaint seeks $2,000,000 for each instance an allegedly counterfeit UL mark was used and asserts claims for federal trademark infringement and counterfeiting, unfair competition and false designations of the origin and false and misleading representations, common law unfair competition, common law unjust enrichment, and unlawful deceptive acts and practices.
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On May 21, 2025, Company, along with its certain subsidiaries and certain individuals, and UL entered into a settlement and release agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) on mutually acceptable settlement terms. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Company and the other defendants agreed to pay UL an aggregate amount of $1,000,000 before November 30, 2025, and entered into a Consent Judgment and Permanent Injunction pursuant to which the Company and the other defendants agreed not to offer for sale, sell, or distribute products with UL Marks that were not tested and certified by UL. During the one year ended March 31, 2026, the Company paid $1,000,000 to UL.
The Settlement Agreement fully resolves all pending litigation between UL and the Company, and each party fully releases the other party from any and all past or present claims, demands, causes of action, obligations, damages, liabilities, expenses, or compensation of whatever kind or nature, that were or could have been asserted in connection with the Company’s sales of products with a UL Mark which were not tested and certified by UL.
2025 Reverse Stock Split
On March 10, 2025, the Company held a special meeting of stockholders. At the special meeting, the stockholders approved a proposal to amend the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, by a ratio in the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-15, with such ratio to be determined in the discretion of the board of directors of the Company and with such action to be effected at such time and date, if at all, as determined by the board of directors within one year after the conclusion of the special meeting.
On June 16, 2025, the board of directors approved a one-for-five (1:5) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “2025 First Reverse Stock Split”). On July 2, 2025, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware the Second Certificate of Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to effect the 2025 Reverse Stock Split. The 2025 Reverse Stock Split became effective as of 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on July 3, 2025, and the Company’s common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market on a split-adjusted basis on July 7, 2025.
After the 2025 First Reverse Stock Split, every five (5) shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock have been automatically converted into one share of common stock, without any change in the par value per share. In addition, (i) a proportionate adjustment has been made to the per share exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of all outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock, and (ii) the number of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s stock incentive plan has been reduced proportionately. Any fraction of a share of common stock created as a result of the 2025 First Reverse Stock Split was rounded up to the nearest whole share. The Company’s common stock continues to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “FLYE.”
On September 15, 2025, the Company planned to hold a special meeting of stockholders, but adjourned to October 13, 2025 in order to achieve a quorum (the “Special Meeting”). At the special meeting, the stockholder approved a proposal to amend the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, by a ratio in the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-20, with such ratio to be determined in the discretion of the board of directors of the Company and with such action to be effected at such time and date, if at all, as determined by the board of directors within one year after the conclusion of the Special Meeting.
On October 13, 2025, the board of directors approved a one-for-twenty (1:20) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “2025 Second Reverse Stock Split”). On October 23, 2025, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware the Second Certificate of Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to effect the 2025 Second Reverse Stock Split. The 2025 Second Reverse Stock Split became effective on November 4, 2025, and the Company’s common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market on a split-adjusted basis on November 4, 2025.
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After the 2025 Second Reverse Stock Split, every twenty (20) shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock have been automatically converted into one share of common stock, without any change in the par value per share. In addition, (i) a proportionate adjustment has been made to the per share exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of all outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock, and (ii) the number of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s stock incentive plan has been reduced proportionately. Any fraction of a share of common stock created as a result of the 2025 Second Reverse Stock Split was rounded up to the nearest whole share. The Company’s common stock continues to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “FLYE.” The new CUSIP number for common stock following the 2025 Reverse Stock Split is 343927307.
Unless otherwise noted, the share and per share information in this report reflects the two 2025 Reverse Stock Splits.
Federal securities class action instituted on September 8, 2025
On September 8, 2025, a federal securities class action was filed in the United States District Court, Eastern District of New York, by plaintiff Dino Kurt, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, against defendants, the Company, chief executive officer (the “CEO”) Zhou Ou, and former chief financial officer (the “CFO”) Shiwen Feng (the “Class Action”). The complaint alleges violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 during the class period spanning from July 15, 2025, to August 14, 2025. The plaintiff claims that defendants provided materially false and misleading positive statements about revenue growth, brand reputation, and business expansion, while concealing or minimizing material adverse facts concerning the safety of the Company’s lithium battery and inadequate forecasting processes, which were already taking a material toll on E-vehicle (the “EV”) sales revenue. The plaintiff alleged when the Company filed a form NT 10-Q on August 14, 2025, which disclosed a 32% decrease in net revenues primarily driven by a decline in total units sold, attributed by the Company to “recent lithium-battery accidents involving E-Bikes and E-Scooters”; the price of Company’s common stock declined dramatically by about 87% in a single day, resulting in economic loss for the plaintiff and the class.
The relief sought includes determining that the action may be maintained as a class action, requiring defendants to pay damages sustained by the plaintiff and the class, and awarding pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, along with reasonable attorneys’ fees, expert fees, and other costs, with the monetary damages sought being certified to be in excess of $150,000.
On May 22, 2026, the lead plaintiff in the Class Action filed an Amended Complaint. The Company's response to the Amended Complaint is due August 14, 2026. Given the preliminary stage of the lawsuit and the inherent uncertainties of litigation, the Company cannot determine with certainty the outcome of the Class Action at this time.
Any potential loss associated with the action is not reasonably estimable at this early stage. The Company did not accrue any material loss contingencies in this respect as of March 31, 2026.
Shareholder derivative actions instituted on October 28, 2025 and November 17, 2025
On October 28, 2025, a shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed purportedly on behalf of the Company, as nominal defendant, against certain of its current and former directors and officers in the United States Court for the Eastern District of New York, captioned Flynn v. Ou et al, No. 1:25-cv-06036 (E.D.N.Y.) (the “Flynn Action”). The complaint filed in the Flynn Action alleges claims for alleged breach of fiduciary duties and gross mismanagement, among others. On November 17, 2025, an additional putative shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed purportedly on behalf of the Company, as nominal defendant, against certain of its current and former directors and officers in the United States Court for the Eastern District of New York, captioned Shah v. Ou et al, No. 1:25-cv-06372 (E.D.N.Y.) (the “Shah Action”). The complaint filed in the Shah Action alleges claims for alleged breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, gross mismanagement, abuse of control, among others.
The Flynn Action and Shah Action are based on the same alleged facts and circumstances as the Class Action and seek damages from the current and former directors and officers and an order directing the Company and current and former directors and officers to take actions to reform and improve corporate governance and internal procedures. On December 9, 2025, the Court consolidated the Flynn Action and Shah Action into a single consolidated action captioned In re Fly-E Group, Inc. Stockholder Derivative Litigation, No. 1:25-cv-06036 (E.D.N.Y.) (the “Consolidated Derivative Action”), and appointed co-lead counsel. The current and former director and officer defendants dispute the allegations in the complaints and intend to vigorously defend against all claims. Given the preliminary stage of the lawsuit and the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot determine with certainty the outcome of the Consolidated Derivative Action at this time.
Registered Direct Offering
On June 2, 2025, we closed our registered direct offering of an aggregate of (i) 285,956 shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 and (ii) 571,912 warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase 571,912 shares of common stock at a combined purchase price per share and accompanying Warrants of $24.28, resulting in net proceeds to us of $6.24 million after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses. All of the shares (including shares underlying the Warrants) were registered under the Securities Act pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-286678), which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on May 15, 2025. American Trust Investment Services, Inc. (“ATIS”) acted as the exclusive placement agent for the offering. We paid ATIS aggregate commissions of $219,430 and incurred offering expenses of $178,625.
On September 18, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with third-party individuals offering of (i) 687,500 shares of the common stock at the price of $16.0 per share for a total consideration of $11,000,000. During the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company received net proceeds of $10,996,558 from the investors.
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Disposal of Certain Subsidiaries
During the year ended March 31, 2026 and from April to July 2026, the Company disposed several subsidiaries as part of a disposal plan aimed at simplifying its legal and operational structure and improving administrative efficiency. The divestitures were not intended to be a strategic withdrawal from any specific geographic region or industry, but rather a measure to streamline the Company’s corporate structure and reduce complexity in financial reporting. As part of this plan, as of March 31, 2026, the Company had sold an aggregate of 28 subsidiaries to third-party individuals in multiple transactions, for total cash consideration of approximately $2.9 million, of which approximately $0.1 million had been received. Between April 2025 and March 2026, the Company further sold 100% of its equity interests in 24 subsidiaries to third-party buyers for total cash consideration of approximately $2.3 million, with no contingent payments or adjustments. As of July 23, 2026, the Company had not received any remaining consideration under these transactions. See “Note 14— Disposal of Subsidiaries and Note 15 – Subsequent Events” in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for details.
Nasdaq Deficiency Letter
On July 21, 2026, the Company received a delinquency notification letter (the “Notice”) from the Listing Qualifications Staff (the “Staff”) of Nasdaq due to the Company’s non-compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) (the “Listing Rule”) as a result of the Company’s failure to timely file its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended March 31, 2026. The Listing Rule requires listed companies to timely file all required periodic financial reports with the SEC. This Notice has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company’s securities on Nasdaq. However, if the Company fails to timely regain compliance with the Rule, the Company’s securities will be subject to delisting from Nasdaq. The Notice provides that the Company may submit to Nasdaq a plan to regain compliance with the Nasdaq Listing Rule by September 21, 2026. If Nasdaq accepts the Company’s plan, then Nasdaq may grant the Company up to 180 calendar days from the Filing’s due date, or until January 11, 2027, to regain compliance. If Nasdaq does not accept the Company’s plan, then the Company will have the opportunity to appeal that decision to a Nasdaq Hearings Panel.
Our History and Corporate Structure
We initially started our business in 2018 as Ctate Inc. (“Ctate”), a New York corporation. Our business previously experienced rapid growth initially, and we opened multiple retail stores within a short period of time. In the interest of efficient management, each retail store was managed by a separate company wholly owned by Ctate.
Fly E-Bike, Inc. (“Fly E-Bike”), a Delaware corporation, was a wholly owned subsidiary of Ctate incorporated on August 22, 2022. On September 12, 2022, Ctate and Fly E-Bike entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, pursuant to which Ctate merged into and with Fly E-Bike, with Fly E-Bike being the surviving corporation.
Fly-E Group, a Delaware corporation, was incorporated on November 1, 2022. On December 21, 2022, Fly E-Bike, the stockholders of Fly E-Bike and Fly-E Group entered into a Share Exchange Agreement, pursuant to which Fly-E Group acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Fly E-Bike by issuing its shares to the stockholders of Fly E-Bike on a one-for-one basis (the “Share Exchange”). As a result of the Share Exchange, Fly E-Bike became a wholly owned subsidiary of Fly-E Group. Fly-E Group has no substantive operations other than holding all of the issued and outstanding shares of Fly E-Bike and Fly EV, Inc. Our business is primarily conducted through Fly E-Bike and its subsidiaries. Fly EV. Inc. is a Delaware corporation incorporated on November 1, 2022 and currently has no substantive operations.
Our Industry
E-motorcycles, E-bikes and E-scooters are the two-wheelers that run on electric energy that is converted into mechanical energy rather than running on fuel. They are chargeable and eco-friendly automotive solutions. E-motorcycles and E-bikes are built with solid metal and fiber frames that are combined with mechanical and electronic components. An E-scooter is a plug-in EV powered by electric power. These scooters offer additional advantages such as agility, flexibility, versatility and ease of maneuver in high traffic congestion areas.
The EV industry has been experiencing significant growth and innovation in recent years. With the advancement of technology and the increasing demand for environmentally friendly transportation options, E-bikes, E-motorcycles and E-scooters have become popular choices for commuting, leisure and sports. As the demand for sustainable transportation options continues to grow, the EV industry is poised for further growth and development.
Some of the major trends driving the growth of the EV industry include the increasing demand for sustainable transportation options, advancements in battery and motor technology, and the growing popularity of E-bike sharing services. Government incentives and regulations, such as tax credits and subsidies for the purchase of EVs, are also driving the growth of the industry.
The Asia-Pacific region is the largest market for the electric two-wheelers due to the growing awareness about the benefits of electric vehicles, rising personal disposable income, growing demand for affordable electric vehicles for short-distance commuting and increasing adoption of smart technologies. We believe that North America is expected to experience significant growth in the future due to growing government initiatives to raise awareness of such products among individuals.
City bikes and city E-bikes are popular in big cities in the United States, such as New York City, Miami and Dallas. There is also a growing popularity of E-scooters as an increasing number of EV merchants are launching their businesses in these cities.
The growth of the EV industry is also accelerated by the rise in small package deliveries in big cities. New York City is a major commercial hub and the largest metropolitan area in the United States. As a result, the volume of small package deliveries in New York City is remarkably high, and it has continued to grow over the years. With the rise of E-commerce and online shopping, more and more people in New York City are relying on package deliveries for their everyday needs, leading to a significant increase in small package delivery volume.
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The high volume of package deliveries in New York City has led to concerns about traffic congestion and delivery vehicle emissions, which the city is working to address through initiatives such as congestion pricing and EV incentives. For short-distance deliveries within urban areas, E-bike delivery can be a more efficient and environmentally friendly option compared to truck delivery. E-bikes can navigate through congested city streets, often taking shorter routes that trucks cannot access, and deliver packages quickly without contributing to traffic congestion or air pollution. Additionally, E-bikes are often cheaper to operate and maintain than trucks. We expect that other large densely populated cities in the United States, such as Miami and Dallas, face similar challenges and will continue to adopt the use of E-bikes, E-motorcycles, and E-scooters to meet their delivery needs.
Our Strengths
Early Entry into the Market: We entered the EV market early and were able to seize the market opportunities to experience rapid growth. We started our business in 2018 and were able to leverage the potential created by the thriving E-commerce industry. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic amplified the demand for online food and essential item deliveries, creating a favorable environment for the expansion and utilization of EVs, particularly E-bikes, which accelerated our business growth. While the pandemic has ended, the consumer behaviors and delivery infrastructure developed during that period continue to support sustained demand for our products.
Brand Reputation: We have a reputation for consistent delivery of high-quality EV products and excellent customer service. Our brand and retail stores have become reliable business partners for most food delivery workers, especially in New York City. As a result, they have come to recognize our name and trust our services, establishing a loyal customer base for us.
Innovative Products and Services: We continue to offer innovative, differentiated products and services that help set us apart from our competitors. Since 2018, we have launched over 67 new products and introduced new versions to our existing products with upgrades to design, motor and battery technology. Additionally, we are developing the Fly E-Bike app, which will be used by customers to better manage and enjoy their riding experience.
Our Strategies
Our plan to grow our business using the following key strategies:
Enhance our position as a leader in urban mobility: We believe we are one of the leading providers of urban mobility solutions for New York City, particularly for food and package delivery workers. While we navigate short-term market challenges, including temporary fluctuations in consumer sentiment, we remain committed to rebuilding trust through enhanced product safety, continuing to innovate with solutions like our battery swap system and Go Fly app, growing our service portfolio through our rental program, and expanding our retail network into key U.S. markets.
Improve brand recognition: We will maintain our commitment to providing exceptional customer service as a means of further enhancing our brand. We will provide an enhanced shopping experience by effectively managing and upgrading our retail stores. In addition, we plan to increase our offerings of accessories, such as introducing more style options to our branded apparel, to further strengthen our customers’ connection to Fly E-Bike. We also intend to collaborate with other lifestyle brands across different industries to further promote our brand image.
Continue our innovation: We will persist in advancing our product line by incorporating cutting-edge design, optimizing user experience and delivering optimal performance. We are developing our Fly E-Bike app, which we plan to include functions to improve the communication between our customers and our products.
Expand our sales network: We plan to expand our sales network internationally. We intend to enter selected overseas markets that offer identified growth opportunities and favorable government policies, such as South America and Europe. As of July 23, 2026, we operate 4 retail stores in the United States, spanning across the states of New York, Massachusetts, Washington D.C., and California. We also operate one online store at flyebike.com, focusing on selling E-motorcycles, E-bikes and E-scooters, serving customers in the United States.
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Diversify our service offerings: We are planning to broaden our business by leveraging our existing retail stores as logistics hubs for small package delivery. We are currently trying to seek business partners, assemble a delivery team and develop an app for the delivery business.
Our Products
We offer a diverse product portfolio that satisfies various demands of our customers and addresses different urban travel scenarios. Following market trends and technological updates, we continuously develop and add new products into our portfolio to meet our customers’ needs. We also regularly introduce upgrades and refreshes to our existing models.
E-motorcycles
Our E-motorcycle category consists of 27 different products, which include a range of E-moped and E-tricycle.
E-moped
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| (Fly-7) | (Fly-10) | (Fly-Pro) |
Our E-moped product line is one of our most popular, featuring a range of eight different models. Our E-mopeds can run an average of 20-70 miles on a single charge, with a top speed of 20-38 miles per hour. Additionally, our E-mopeds are capable of holding a payload of 185-400 pounds. Each E-moped offer several standard features, including a remote key fob, alarm system, lockable under-seat storage, front and rear suspension, and a complete lighting package. Some models also offer a USB phone charging port for added convenience. These features make them an ideal choice for delivery workers.
All of our E-mopeds feature a low seat height and large tires, providing excellent stability at all speeds and on all surfaces. Moreover, their electric drivetrain requires no clutch or gears, making them easy to operate for almost anyone.
E-tricycle
(Fly-Tricycle)
The Fly-Tricycle is an electric three-wheel vehicle that offers three seats. The interior of this vehicle is crafted with high-quality automotive-grade materials, ensuring long-lasting durability. This vehicle can run a range of 43-62 miles on a single charge, with a top speed of 30 miles per hour. Additionally, the Fly-Tricycle is capable of holding a payload of 1,239 pounds.
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E-bikes
We currently offer 37 different E-bike products, which include a range of City E-bike, foldable E-bike and standard E-bike.
City E-bike
(City E-Bike)
Our City E-Bike has a range of 15-20 miles on a single charge and a maximum speed of 20 miles per hour. It has a payload capacity of 200 pounds and an under-seat storage area.
Foldable E-bike
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| (Dolphin E-Bike) | (Air-2) |
Our foldable E-bikes, including the Dolphin E-Bike and the Air-2, are versatile and convenient for folding. They are capable of running 20-25 miles on a single charge with a top speed of 23 miles per hour. In addition, our foldable E-bikes have a payload capacity of 250 pounds. They are compact, portable and easy to store, making them a good choice for people who are conscious of space limitations, such as those who live in small apartments in big cities.
Standard E-bike
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| (Sword Fish E-Bike) | (Rhino) |
Our standard E-bikes are designed to be lightweight and come in a variety of different outlook designs, with multiple speed options to choose from. They offer a range of 20-60 miles on a single charge, with a top speed range of 15-32 miles per hour, and have a payload capacity of 180-250 pounds.
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E-scooters
Our E-scooter segment currently offers 38 different products, which include the Insurgent E-Scooter, Flytron, H-Max and H-1 models.
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| (Insurgent E-Scooter) | (Flytron) | (H-Max) | (H-1) |
Our E-scooters offer a range of 15-45 miles on a single charge and a top speed range of 15-40 miles per hour. They are also capable of holding a weight range of 250-330 pounds. Additionally, our smart E-scooters are equipped with hydraulic disc brakes made from special alloys. The brake discs are slotted to extend the life of the system. The hardware of the brakes is complemented by the electronic braking system, which provides for intelligent braking and recycling kinetic energy. Certain of our models also employ the combined braking system, which splits braking force between the front and rear discs to shorten the braking distance at higher speeds.
Accessories and spare parts
We offer a comprehensive line of Fly E-Bike branded accessories and spare parts. We also sell traditional bikes.
For accessories, we offer riding gear, such as raincoats, gloves and knee pads, and accessories that can be installed on our products to enhance their functionality, such as storage baskets and tail boxes, smart phone holders, backrests and locks, among others. We also sell branded apparel.
In addition, we provide performance upgrades, including high-performance upgrade components for wheels, shock absorbers, brake calipers and carbon fiber body panels, among others.
Fly E-Bike App
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We are currently in the process of developing the Fly E-Bike app, which is a management service mobile software for our EVs, enabling customers to purchase bikes, locate company stores, schedule bike repairs, and more. We aim to design an app that will bring users a comprehensive intelligent experience to create a safer and more satisfying riding life. The development of the app is still in its preliminary stage. We have launched a testing version of the app, which is currently unavailable to our customers. Once development is completed, the app is expected to include functions such as GPS, navigation, battery and tire pressure management, online shopping, and anti-theft features. As of March 31, 2026, the development of the app is still in development stage.
After Sales Services
Our EVs are primarily serviced through our retail stores, which provide repair, maintenance and bodywork services. Our regular maintenance services include exterior check, mechanical structure service, motor system check, electrification service, battery maintenance service, tire pressure check and cleaning services. We also provide other value-added services through our retail stores, including GPS add-on and installation, and theft reporting.
Warranty Policy
Manufacturer Warranty
We offer a three-month limited manufacturer’s warranty on all models of our E-bikes, E-motorcycles and E-scooters. The warranty period starts on the day the product is delivered to the customer. This warranty only covers limited factory defects and minor cosmetic damages. It does not cover misuse or broken parts caused by the user or by any other events.
Battery Warranty
We also offer a three-month warranty on battery for any manufacturer defect in material or workmanship. If a battery becomes faulty within the specified warranty period, we will replace it free of charge.
Manufacturing and Assembly
We source substantially all of our vehicle components from China and the United States. For the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, over 19% and 50% of the parts were sourced from China, respectively. For the year ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we sourced over 81% and over 40% of our vehicle components from the United States, respectively. Although we rely on certain principal vendors in China and the United States for most of our components, we believe there are multiple sources for each of our critical components.
To ensure a secure and reliable supply chain, we have implemented a centralized vendor management system that consolidates all vendor management activities under a centralized team. This approach enables us to streamline our purchasing process, enhance our negotiating power and maintain better relationships with our vendors.
We are currently working with two principal vendors, Depcl Corp. (previously known as Fly Wing E-Bike Inc.) and Xiamen Innolabs Technology Co., Ltd. (“XFT”), each of which respectively supplied approximately 70% and 19% of our accessories and components during the year ended March 31, 2026. During the year ended March 31, 2025, our top two principal vendors included Depcl Corp and XFT, each of which respectively supplied approximately 32% and 42% accessories and components. Our principal vendors are responsible for sourcing all the parts used in our vehicles from various suppliers, and they also oversee the quality control process. We maintain close relationships with our principal vendors to ensure that we have access to high-quality accessories and components for our EVs at competitive prices and receive reliable and timely deliveries. We work closely with them to improve our supply chain efficiency and reduce costs.
Our centralized vendor management system also helps us to manage risk more effectively by identifying potential risks and developing strategies to mitigate them. Rather than dealing with the original suppliers, we monitor the performance of our principal vendors, which enables us to quickly identify and address any problems and manage the supply resources more efficiently. Our system ensures each critical product component is supported by at least three vendors, thereby minimizing the risk of supply chain disruptions. This approach helps us to reduce the risk of supply chain disruptions, which can have a significant impact on our business operations.
After importing the accessories and components, we assemble them into our vehicles in a leased facility located in Maspeth, New York. For the year ended March 31, 2026, we assembled 2,714 E-motorcycles, 6,722 E-bikes and 1,830 E-scooters. For the year ended March 31, 2025, we assembled 4,595 E-motorcycles, 5,974 E-bikes and 1,557 E-scooters.
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Quality Control
We believe that the quality of our products is crucial to our continued growth. We place great emphasis on quality control and have implemented stringent monitoring and quality control systems to manage our operations.
For the parts sourced from China, we rely on our one of our principal vendors in China, XFT, to monitor the factories responsible for manufacturing these parts used in our vehicles. Its duties include the following:
Factory check: XFT is responsible for confirming the size, production capacity and certification qualifications of a factory, confirming whether the equipment required for the production line is complete and whether the testing equipment is complete, checking the factory’s quality assurance process and other quality control procedures.
Proofing: After the samples that meet the requirements are confirmed by XFT and us, they will be sealed as golden samples, and mass production is required to follow the golden sample standard.
Mass production: Before the start of mass production, the factory is required to develop and review standard operating procedures and quality assurance standards that are acceptable to XFT and us. XFT will closely follow the production process, ensuring that strict quality control measures are implemented at every stage of production. After the mass production starts, XFT will perform the first article inspection to confirm whether the mass production meets the required standards.
Inspection: After mass production, in addition to requiring the factory to submit a quality control report, XFT will send its own quality control personnel to conduct random inspections on the products according to the corresponding standards of acceptable quality level.
We also source certain parts used in our vehicles from the United States. For these parts, our U.S. principal vendors and our quality control team perform quality control procedures similar to those discussed above for our China-sourced parts. This includes ensuring that the parts meet our quality standards and specifications, as well as conducting regular factory audits and inspections to identify any potential issues, and ensure ongoing compliance with our requirements.
We have not experienced any significant product recall, refunds or other quality control outbreak since we commenced operations.
Sales and Marketing
We have established an omnichannel retail model network to sell our products and provide services to our customers. We currently operate 4 retail stores and work with 64 distributors in the United States to sell our products. In addition, we have our own online store where we promote and sell our products. Our Fly E-Bike app, which is under development, can also become a venue where we can advertise our products. We also leverage our omnichannel retail network to deliver maintenance and repair services at our retail stores and to collect data for business insights.
We focus on promoting awareness of our brand as a lifestyle brand with high-quality smart E-bikes, E-motorcycles and E-scooters. Our brand and products are marketed to retail customers through digital and experiential activities as well as through more traditional promotional and advertising activities. We aim to engage in cost-effective marketing activities by taking advantage of social media and to build an online and offline ecosystem of users that will promote awareness of our brand.
One key component of our strategy is to expand our presence on social media platforms. We currently have accounts on Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Xiaohongshu (Rednote), and WeChat, on which we frequently post guides, videos and tutorials that educate people on how to use and maintain E-bikes, E-scooters and E-motorcycles, as well as benefits of E-mobility.
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In terms of offline marketing, we prioritize in-store promotions and targeted advertising. This includes offering discounts and special deals in our retail stores, as well as using targeted advertising to reach potential customers who are likely to be interested in our products. We also place ads in local newspapers and magazines and distribute flyers on the streets to promote the opening of new stores. Additionally, our products have gained significant visibility among food delivery workers in New York City, who make up the majority of our customer base. The growth in food delivery services, which was accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic, has contributed to the widespread visibility of our products in the cities.
Our Distribution Channels
Retail Distribution Network
Our sales are conducted through both retail stores and distributors.
Out of our 4 retail stores in the United States, one is situated in New York, one in Massachusetts, one in California and one in Washington, D.C. Our retail stores adopt a consistent design and layout and provide a consistent shopping experience. We closely monitor the sales performance, service level and activities within our retail stores. We will continue to collect store operation data such as consumer traffic flow and traffic flow sources, test drive frequencies and sales conversion rate. This information helps us adjust store-specific retailing and marketing strategies, thereby increasing per store sales.
In terms of our distributors, most of them are located in the United States. Our distributors purchase products from us at a wholesale price, and are responsible for the logistics, warehousing and distribution to other retail stores. We do not charge any initial fees or continuing fees to our distributors. The majority of our distributors make full payments upfront for their orders, which helps us improve cash flow management.
We intend to expand our overseas market and are currently working with one distributor in the Dominican Republic.
Online Distribution Network
All of our products can be purchased on our website, flyebike.com.
We have adopted an online to offline model that enables us to seamlessly integrate the online and offline networks to provide a cohesive and consistent experience to our customers. The online platform acts as a conduit for influencing customers and directing sales to our retail stores. Our customers can conveniently place orders online and pick up their products at our retail stores.
Our Customers
We acquire customers through multiple channels, including (i) referrals from our existing customers, (ii) our distributors, and (iii) our marketing and promotional activities. Due to our strong brand image, loyal customer base and evolving product portfolio, we believe there are growth opportunities across these channels. No customers account for more than 10% of our revenues for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
Environmental Matters
We are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations that impose limitations on the discharge of pollutants into the environment and establish standards for the handling, generation, emission, release, discharge, treatment, storage and disposal of certain materials, substances and wastes and the remediation of environmental contaminants (collectively, “Environmental Laws”). In the ordinary course of our assembling processes, we may use materials or generate waste that are subject to these Environmental Laws.
We endeavor to adhere to all applicable Environmental Laws and act as necessary to comply with these laws. We maintain an environmental and safety program at our facilities. The environmental and safety program includes obtaining environmental permits as required, capturing and appropriately disposing of any waste by-products, tracking hazardous waste generation and disposal, air emissions, safety situations, material safety data sheet management, storm water management and recycling, and auditing and reporting on its compliance.
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Intellectual Property
We currently hold one trademark in the United States, which covers our logo. We also hold four trademarks in China, which cover the names “FLY E-BIKE”, “FLY EBIKE”, “FLYEBIKE” and our logo. Additionally, we have two trademarks in the Dominican Republic covering the name “FLY E-BIKE” and our logo, and one trademark in Panama covering the name “FLY E-BIKE”.
Other than the trademarks mentioned above, we do not own any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property registrations in the United States. We plan to seek further intellectual property registrations in the United States in the future. We currently also seek to protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information through common law copyright and trademark principles.
Competition
There are numerous companies that sell E-bikes, E-motorcycles and E-scooters in the United States and even more globally. The markets for EVs are highly competitive based on a number of factors, including innovation, performance, price, technology, product features, styling, fit and finish, brand recognition, quality and distribution. We believe our ability to compete successfully in these markets depends on our ability to capitalize on our competitive strengths and build brand recognition.
Many companies, which have greater financial and marketing resources than us, make electric two-wheelers, including Trek Bicycle Corporation, Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc., Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. and Rad Power Bikes Inc. While we believe we are well positioned in this competitive market, there is no assurance that our vehicles will be successful in the respective markets in which they compete. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Company’s Business, Operations, and Industry — The markets in which we operate are in their infancy and highly competitive, and we may not be successful in competing in this industry.”
Regulation
We are subject to a wide variety of laws and regulations in the United States. These laws and regulations govern various items directly or indirectly related to our business, such as labor and employment, anti-discrimination, product liability, vehicle defects, vehicle maintenance and repairs, personal injury, rider text messaging, service payments, consumer protection, taxation, privacy, data security, intellectual property, competition, terms of service, mobile application accessibility, insurance, money transmittal, and environmental, health and safety. They are often complex and subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity. As a result, their application in practice may change or develop over time through judicial decisions or as new guidance or interpretations are provided by regulatory and governing bodies, such as federal, state, and local administrative agencies.
The micromobility industry is relatively nascent and rapidly evolving. New laws and regulations continue to be adopted, implemented, interpreted and iterated upon in response to our growing industry and associated technology. As we expand our business into new markets or introduce new offerings into existing markets, regulatory bodies or courts may claim that (i) we are subject to additional requirements or (ii) we are prohibited from conducting our business in certain jurisdictions.
Our products may also be subject to various environmental, health, and safety regulations, including, but not limited to, those regarding product safety and waste management. For example, we are subject to environmental laws and regulations regarding the handling and disposal of hazardous substances and solid wastes, including electronic wastes and batteries. These laws regulate the generation, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous waste, and may impose strict, joint and several liability for the investigation and remediation of areas where hazardous substances may have been released or disposed. For instance, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (“CERCLA”) and comparable state laws impose liability, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct, on certain classes of persons that contributed to the release of a hazardous substance into the environment. These persons include current and prior owners or operators of the site where the release of the hazardous substance occurred as well as companies that disposed or arranged for the disposal of hazardous substances found at the site. Under CERCLA, these persons may be subject to joint and several strict liability for the costs of cleaning up the hazardous substances that have been released into the environment, for damages to natural resources, and for the costs of certain health studies. CERCLA also authorizes the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and, in some instances, third parties to act in response to threats to the public health or the environment and seek to recover costs incurred from the responsible classes of persons. In the course of ordinary operations, we, through third parties and contractors, may handle hazardous substances within the meaning of CERCLA and similar state statutes and, as a result, may be jointly and severally liable for all or part of the costs required to clean up sites at which these hazardous substances have been released into the environment.
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We may also be subject to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”) and comparable state statutes for the generation, storage, or disposal of solid wastes, which may include hazardous wastes. RCRA regulates both solid and hazardous wastes, but, in particular, imposes strict requirements on the generation, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes. In addition, federal and state laws may require or otherwise regulate the reuse and recycling of batteries, including lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries, used in our products.
Certain of our products are also regulated by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (“CPSC”) pursuant to various federal laws. CPSC can require the manufacturer of products containing a safety defect to recall or repurchase such products and may also impose fines or penalties on the manufacturer. Similar laws exist in some states, cities, and other countries in which we sell our products. In 2025, the CPSC proposed regulations concerning lithium-ion battery safety in micromobility devices. While the rulemaking was later withdrawn, this development indicates a continued focus on the safety and thermal integrity of battery systems used in electric bikes and scooters, and may result in future mandatory standards. In April 2025, the House of Representatives passed H.R. 973, the “Setting Consumer Standards for Lithium-Ion Batteries Act.” If passed by the Senate, the act would give the CPSC 180 days to promulgate micromobility regulations.
Additionally, in January 2025, the National Park Service (NPS) issued a proposed rule to restrict the operation of powered micromobility devices within federal parks to designated routes and signed zones. If finalized, this rule may limit where our vehicles can operate and require updated operational compliance within park-adjacent jurisdictions.
Certain of our products are also regulated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (“NHTSA”) pursuant to various federal laws and regulations. NHTSA can require the manufacturer of motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment containing a safety defect to recall or repurchase such products and may also impose fines or penalties on the manufacturer. Certain of our products are also regulated by EPA, and the California Air Resources Board (“CARB”) for products sold in California. EPA and CARB can require the manufacturer to recall or repurchase vehicles that are uncertified or that contain an emission-related defect and may also impose fines or penalties on the manufacturer.
In addition, some of our products may be subject to local laws and regulations. For instance, in March 2023, the New York City Council amended its administrative code to require that all powered bicycles, powered mobility devices including electric scooters, and storage batteries for such mobility devices distributed, sold, leased, rented, or offered for sale, lease, or rental in New York City must be certified as compliant with the applicable Underwriter Laboratories (UL) standard, which is a widely recognized standard for safety in electrical products in the United States. The law became effective in September 2023. In 2024 and 2025, New York City and New York State introduced additional laws and enforcement mechanisms addressing the safety of micromobility devices. These include operating manual requirements, mandatory in-store safety disclosures, increased FDNY enforcement authority, and penalties for sales of uncertified or modified batteries. New York City also launched a sidewalk battery charging cabinet program in spring 2025 and is considering legislation that would require registration and license plates for e-bikes and e-scooters.
Additionally, because we receive, use, transmit, disclose, and store personally identifiable information and other data relating to users on our platform, we are subject to numerous local, municipal, state, federal, and international laws and regulations that address privacy, data protection, and the collection, storing, sharing, use, transfer, disclosure, and protection of certain types of data. Such regulations include the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991, the U.S. Federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914.
We sell and distribute our vehicles internationally through international distributors. As such, we will be subject to the local laws of each jurisdiction in which we sell our vehicles. These regulations may result in increased costs and expenses, which may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Employees
As of July 23, 2026, we had 12 employees, consisting of 12 full-time employees and nil part-time employees.
Our employees are not represented by a labor organization or covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees and to date, we have not experienced any significant labor disputes.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this annual report, including “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes before making a decision to invest in our common stock. Our business, operating results, financial condition, or prospects could be materially and adversely affected by any of these risks and uncertainties. If any of these risks actually occurs, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you might lose all or part of your investment. Our business, operating results, financial performance, or prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material.
Summary of Risk Factors
Risks Related to the Company’s Business, Operations, and Industry
| ● | An adverse determination in any significant product liability claim against us could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. |
| ● | We are subject to a pending securities class action lawsuit, and we may become subject to additional legal proceedings that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. | |
| ● | We may not meet our growing production and delivery plans, which could harm our business. | |
| ● | We rely heavily on a few key vendors in China for vehicle components. | |
| ● | Trade tensions, especially between the U.S. and China, may negatively impact our operations. | |
| ● | We depend on third parties for quality control on China-sourced parts. | |
| ● | Our ability to produce vehicles at scale and with consistent quality is unproven. | |
| ● | Supply chain changes may increase costs and hurt our financial performance. | |
| ● | Rising material costs or shortages, including from global conflicts, could disrupt production. | |
| ● | Our vehicles may not meet customer expectations. | |
| ● | Growth depends on consumer adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). | |
| ● | We operate in a complex and evolving regulatory environment. | |
| ● | We may struggle to control operational costs effectively. | |
| ● | Weak brand recognition may impact customer acceptance and sales. | |
| ● | Our limited operating history makes it hard to predict future performance. | |
| ● | There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. | |
| ● | Material weaknesses exist in our internal controls over financial reporting. |
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| ● | We face intense competition in a young and fast-evolving market. | |
| ● | Product liability claims could significantly harm our financial position. | |
| ● | We rely on key executives; their loss could impact operations. | |
| ● | Our management lacks experience running a public company. | |
| ● | We may face costly and time-consuming intellectual property disputes. | |
| ● | Inadequate protection of IP could lead to litigation and brand damage. | |
| ● | Cybersecurity threats could compromise our systems and data. | |
| ● | We may fail to develop new products or improve existing ones to meet demand. | |
| ● | Limited experience with vehicle servicing may harm customer satisfaction. | |
| ● | Warranty claims or recalls could have a major financial impact. | |
| ● | Aftermarket modifications may impair vehicle performance and harm our reputation. |
Risks Related to Our Securities
| ● | A stable and active market for our stock may not develop or be maintained. | |
| ● | Stock price may be highly volatile and unpredictable. | |
| ● | Directors and officers hold significant control, limiting shareholder influence. | |
| ● | Public company status increases compliance costs. | |
| ● | Lack of analyst coverage or negative analyst opinions may reduce stock value. | |
| ● | “Emerging growth company” status may deter investors due to reduced disclosures. | |
| ● | As a “smaller reporting company,” we may provide less public information. | |
| ● | Future issuance of preferred stock could deter takeovers and affect stock value. | |
| ● | We do not expect to pay cash dividends in the near future. | |
| ● | Future stock sales may dilute ownership and lower the stock price. | |
| ● | Delaware laws and corporate bylaws may hinder mergers or takeovers. | |
| ● | Public company compliance diverts management focus from core operations. | |
| ● | We may fail to meet Nasdaq listing requirements. | |
| ● | FINRA rules may restrict buying/selling of our stock. | |
| ● | Warrant holders have no stockholder rights until conversion. | |
| ● | Lack of analyst reports or negative changes in coverage could harm our stock. |
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Risks Related to the Company’s Business, Operations, and Industry
An adverse determination in any significant product liability claim against us could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
The development, production, marketing, sale and usage of our vehicles will expose us to significant risks associated with product liability claims. As a provider of consumer products, we are, from time to time, subject to civil litigation regarding those products, including in publicly-available court filings. Our business is vulnerable to product liability claims, and we may face inherent risk of exposure to claims in the event our vehicles do not perform or are claimed to not have performed as expected. If our products are defective, malfunction or are used incorrectly by our customers, it may result in bodily injury, property damage or other injury, including death, which could give rise to product liability claims against us. For example, our certain EVs use lithium-ion batteries, which, if not appropriately managed and controlled, can rapidly release energy by venting smoke and flames that can ignite nearby materials. Any potential issues with the lithium-ion batteries used in our EVs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations, including a significant negative impact on our revenue. Furthermore, there is some risk of electrocution if individuals who attempt to repair battery packs do not follow applicable maintenance and repair protocols. Any such damage or injury would likely lead to product liability claims against us and potentially a safety recall. Any losses that we may suffer from any liability claims and the effect that any product liability litigation may have upon the brand image, reputation and marketability of our products could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition. No assurance can be given that material product liability claims will not be made in the future against us, or that claims will not arise in the future in excess or outside of our insurance coverage and contractual indemnities with suppliers and manufacturers. We may not be able to obtain adequate product liability insurance for our existing or new products or the cost of doing so may be prohibitive. Adverse determinations of material product liability claims made against us could also harm our reputation and cause us to lose customers and could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
We are subject to a pending securities class action lawsuit, and we may become subject to additional legal proceedings that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
On September 8, 2025, a federal securities class action was filed in the United States District Court, Eastern District of New York, by plaintiff Dino Kurt, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, against defendants, the Company, chief executive officer, Zhou Ou, and former chief financial officer, Shiwen Feng (the “Class Action”). On October 28, 2025, a shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed purportedly on behalf of the Company, as nominal defendant, against certain of its current and former directors and officers in the United States Court for the Eastern District of New York, captioned Flynn v. Ou et al, No. 1:25-cv-06036 (E.D.N.Y.) (the “Flynn Action”). On May 22, 2026, the lead plaintiff in the Class Action filed an Amended Complaint. The Company's response to the Amended Complaint is due August 14, 2026.
Securities Class Action and the Flynn Action may result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources, which could harm our business. Any adverse determination in the Lawsuit or similar litigation could require us to pay significant monetary damages and could harm our reputation. We cannot predict the outcome of the legal proceedings or estimate the range of potential loss, if any, that could result from an adverse judgment. We may also become subject to additional litigation or legal proceedings in the future, including stockholder derivative suits or additional securities class actions. Such litigation could be time-consuming and expensive to defend, and could result in the diversion of time and attention by our management and in substantial damages, settlement costs, or judgments against us. Our insurance may not cover all claims that may be asserted against us, and any claims asserted against us, regardless of merit or eventual outcome, may harm our reputation. The occurrence of any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and the trading price of our common stock.
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We may be unable to meet our growing production plans and delivery plans, any of which could harm our business and prospects.
In order to meet the demand of our products in domestic and overseas markets, we plan to open more stores overseas while focusing on developing more wholesale domestic customers. Our plans call for achieving and sustaining increases in vehicles production and deliveries. Our ability to achieve these plans will depend upon a number of factors, including our suppliers’ ability to support our needs and our ability to utilize our current assembling capacity, achieve the planned production yield and further increase capacity as planned while maintaining our desired quality levels and optimize design and production changes. If we are unable to realize our plans, our brand, business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be materially damaged.
We are dependent on a limited number of principal vendors in China for a significant portion of our vehicle components, and the inability of these vendors to deliver necessary components of our products according to our schedule and at prices, quality levels and volumes acceptable to us, or our inability to efficiently manage these components, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results.
We source a significant portion of our vehicle components from China and then assemble these parts into our products in the United States. We rely on a limited number of principal vendors who help us source and supply parts used in our vehicles from various suppliers in China. We currently do not maintain long-term contracts with our suppliers and vendors. While we believe our contract management processes are strong, we nevertheless could experience difficulties.
If our principal vendors decide to terminate their partnership with us, experience sourcing failures, or otherwise become unable to provide us with the necessary components in sufficient quantities, in a timely manner, and on acceptable terms, we may have to delay the production and sale of our products or find an alternative vendor. Any significant unanticipated demand would require us to procure additional components in a short amount of time. While we believe that we will be able to secure additional or alternate sources of supply for most of our components in a relatively short time frame, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so or develop our own replacements for certain highly customized components of our products.
In addition, if we encounter unexpected difficulties with our principal vendors, and if we are unable to fill these needs from other vendors in a timely manner, we could experience production delays and potential loss of access to important technology and parts for producing, servicing and supporting our vehicles. The loss of any vendors or the disruption in the supply of components from these vendors could lead to design changes and delays in product deliveries to our customers, which could hurt our relationships with our customers and result in negative publicity, damage to our brand and a material and adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
The current tensions in international trade policies and rising political tensions, particularly between the United States and China, may adversely impact our business and operating results.
We source a significant portion of our vehicle components from China. The application of sanctions, trade restrictions or tariffs by the U.S. or other countries may adversely impact the industry supply chain. The U.S. government has implemented policies restricting international trade and investment, such as tariffs, export controls, economic or trade sanctions, and foreign investment filing and approval requirements. These actions may materially and adversely affect international trade, global financial markets, and the stability of the global economic condition. In the past, the U.S. government has imposed higher tariffs on certain products imported from China to penalize China for what it characterizes as unfair trade practices. China has responded by imposing higher tariffs on certain products imported from the United States.
In particular, in April 2025 the United States announced an across-the-board 10% tariff on all countries and individualized higher tariffs on certain countries, including China. A great deal of uncertainty surrounds the state of tariffs and other trade measures worldwide. While the current U.S. administration has been actively focused on trade, the exact implementation, amount, scope and nature of these tariffs remains unclear. It also remains unclear how other countries will respond to the United States’ trade proposals and actions.
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As of now, high reciprocal tariffs are in effect between China and the United States and the United States has announced, but temporarily paused the effective date of, tariffs on goods imported from many other countries, including Mexico, Canada, Taiwan and the European Union. Significant trade partners such as Mexico, Canada and the European Union have announced retaliatory tariffs. Further, while the United States has exempted certain technology products such as semiconductors and electronics from the reciprocal tariffs announced on April 2, 2025 such that our products are not subject to the announced tariffs, it has also initiated Section 232 investigations on such products, possibly leading to the imposition of specific tariffs on these products or on products that incorporate them.
We cannot predict what additional actions, if any, may be taken with respect to tariffs or trade relations between the United States and China, what products may be subject to such actions, or what actions may be taken by the China in retaliation. The adoption and expansion of trade restrictions, the occurrence of a trade war, or other governmental action related to tariffs, trade agreements or related policies have the potential to adversely impact our supply chain and access to equipment, our costs and our product margins. The additional tariffs imposed on components or equipment that we source from China will increase our costs and could have an adverse impact on our operating results and financial conditions in future periods.
We rely on third parties for quality control on the parts sourced from China.
We rely on one of our principal vendors in China to monitor the factories manufacturing the parts sourced from China for use in our vehicles. We have limited control over the ability of third-party manufacturers to maintain adequate quality control, quality assurance and qualified personnel. If our principal vendor fails to perform its duties, including proper inspections on sample products before mass production, the third-party manufacturers may fail to manufacture our product components according to our schedule and requirements or at all. The quality of our products is crucial to our continued growth. If our principal vendor fails to perform its supervising and inspecting duties properly, our final products could have quality issues, which could result in product recall, return of products and potential lawsuits against us if our products cause any injuries or damages due to the quality issues. Any occurrence of the foregoing could hurt our relationship with our customers and result in negative publicity, damage to our brand and a material and adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Our success will depend on our ability to economically produce our vehicles at scale, and our ability to produce vehicles of sufficient quality and appeal to customers on schedule and at scale is unproven.
Our business success will depend in large part on our ability to economically produce, market and sell our vehicles at sufficient capacity to meet the demands of our customers. We will need to scale our production capacity in order to successfully implement our growth strategy.
We currently have one facility in which we assemble all of our products in Maspeth, New York. We have no experience in large-scale production of our vehicles, and we do not know whether we will be able to develop efficient, automated, low-cost production capabilities and processes, such that we will be able to meet the quality, price and production standards, as well as the production volumes, required to successfully market our vehicles and meet our business objectives and customer needs. Any failure to develop and scale our production capability and processes could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Changes in our supply chain may result in increased cost. If we are unsuccessful in our efforts to control and reduce supplier costs and manage inventory at optimal levels, our operating results will suffer.
As we plan to continue expanding our business, we expect to include more products and their components in our inventory, which will make it more challenging for us to manage our inventory effectively and will put more pressure on our warehousing system. Maintaining excessive inventory levels beyond customer demand can lead to higher inventory carrying costs. High inventory levels may also require us to commit substantial capital resources, preventing us from using that capital for other important purposes. On the other hand, if we underestimate customer demand or encounter delays from our vendors in supplying vehicle components promptly, we may face inventory shortages.
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This could potentially compel us to procure vehicle components at higher costs, leading to a backorder situation or unfulfilled customer orders, which could lead to potential cancellations or loss of customers to competitors and negatively impact our brand image and reputation.
There is no assurance that our suppliers will ultimately be able to meet our cost, quality and volume needs, or do so on a timely basis. Furthermore, as the volume of our sales increases, we will need to accurately forecast, purchase and warehouse components at much higher volumes than we have experience with. If we are unable to accurately match the timing and quantities of component purchases to our actual needs, or successfully implement automation, inventory management and other systems to accommodate the increased complexity in our supply chain, we may incur unexpected production disruption, or storage, transportation and write-off costs. Any of the above could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Increases in costs, disruption of supply, or shortage of materials used to manufacture the component parts used in our vehicles, including potential risks stemming from the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, could harm our business.
We may experience increases in the cost or a sustained interruption in the supply or shortage of materials. Any such increase, supply interruption or shortage could materially and negatively impact our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. The prices for these materials fluctuate, and their available supply may be unstable, depending on market conditions and global demand for these materials, including as a result of increased production of similar products by our competitors, and could adversely affect our business and operating results. These risks include:
| ● | an increase in the cost, or decrease in the available supply, of materials used in the battery packs; |
| ● | tariffs on the materials we source in China; and |
| ● | fluctuations in the value of the Chinese Renminbi against the U.S. dollar as our purchases for the components of our products are denominated in Chinese Renminbi. |
Disruption in our supply chain and rising prices of raw materials as a result of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine may also negatively impact our businesses. In February 2022, Russian military forces launched a military action in Ukraine. The ongoing military action between Russia and Ukraine, sanctions and other measures imposed against Russia, Belarus, the Crimea Region of Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic and the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic by the U.S. and other countries and bodies around the world, as well as the existing and potential further responses from Russia or other countries to such sanctions, tensions and military actions, has in the past and in the future could continue to adversely affect the global economy and financial markets and could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. Additional potential sanctions and penalties have also been proposed and/or threatened. Although our operations have not experienced a material adverse impact on supply chain or other aspects of our business from the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, during times of war and other major conflicts, we and the third parties upon which we rely may be vulnerable to a heightened risk of these attacks that could materially disrupt our operations, supply chain, and ability to produce, sell and distribute our products. We cannot predict the progress or outcome of the conflict in Ukraine or its impacts in Ukraine, Russia or Belarus as the conflict, and any resulting government reactions, are rapidly developing and beyond our control. The extent and duration of the military action, sanctions and resulting market disruptions could be significant, could result in increases in commodity, freight, logistics and input costs and could potentially have substantial impact on the global economy and our business for an unknown period of time.
Substantial increases in the prices for our materials or prices charged to us would increase our operating costs, and could reduce our margins if we cannot recoup the increased costs through increased prices. Any attempts to increase prices in response to increased material costs could result in cancellations of vehicle orders and therefore materially and adversely affect our brand, business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
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Our vehicles may not perform in line with customer expectations.
Our vehicles may not perform in line with customers’ expectations. For example, our vehicles may not have the durability or longevity of other vehicles in the market, and may not be as easy and convenient to repair as other vehicles on the market. Any product defects or any other failure of our vehicles to perform as expected could harm our reputation and result in adverse publicity, lost revenue, delivery delays, product recalls, product liability claims, harm to our brand and reputation, and significant warranty and other expenses, and could have a material adverse impact on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
In addition, the range of our vehicles on a single charge declines principally as a function of usage, time and charging patterns as well as other factors. For example, a customer’s use of his or her electric vehicle as well as the frequency with which he or she charges the battery can result in additional deterioration of the battery’s ability to hold a charge. Furthermore, our vehicles may contain defects in design and manufacture that may cause them not to perform as expected or that may require repair. If any of our vehicles fail to perform as expected, we may need to delay deliveries, initiate product recalls and provide servicing or updates under warranty at our expenses, which could materially and adversely affect our brand, business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Our future growth is dependent on the demand for, and upon consumers’ willingness to adopt electric vehicles.
Demand for our products depends to a large extent on general, economic, political and social conditions in a given market and the introduction of new electric vehicles and technologies. As our business grows, economic conditions and trends will impact our business, prospects and operating results as well.
Demand for our electric vehicles may also be affected by factors directly impacting the price or the cost of purchasing and operating electric vehicles such as sales and financing incentives, prices of raw materials, parts and components and governmental regulations, including tariffs, import regulation and other taxes. Volatility in demand may lead to lower vehicle unit sales, which may result in further downward price pressure and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
In addition, the demand for our vehicles and services will highly depend upon the adoption by consumers of new energy vehicles in general and electric vehicles in particular. The market for new energy vehicles is still rapidly evolving, characterized by rapidly changing technologies, price and other competition, evolving government regulation and industry standards and changing consumer demands and behaviors.
Other factors that may influence the adoption of new energy vehicles, and specifically electric vehicles, include:
| ● | perceptions about electric vehicle quality, safety, design, performance and cost, especially if adverse events or accidents occur that are linked to the quality or safety of electric vehicles, whether or not such vehicles are produced by us or other companies; |
| ● | perceptions about vehicle safety in general; |
| ● | the limited range over which electric vehicles may be driven on a single battery charge and the speed at which batteries can be recharged; |
| ● | the decline of an electric vehicle’s range resulting from deterioration over time in the battery’s ability to hold a charge; |
| ● | the availability of service for electric vehicles; |
| ● | the environmental consciousness of consumers; |
| ● | the availability of tax and other governmental incentives to purchase and operate electric vehicles or future regulation requiring increased use of nonpolluting vehicles; and |
| ● | macroeconomic factors. |
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Any of the factors described above may cause current or potential customers not to purchase our electric vehicles and use our services. If the market for electric vehicles does not develop as we expect or develops more slowly than we expect, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results will be affected.
The electric mobility industry is subject to rapidly changing and often complex regulatory environments.
The electric mobility industry is subject to rapidly changing and often complex regulatory environments at local, state, national, and international levels. Evolving regulations related to safety standards, emissions, licensing, and operational requirements can have a substantial impact on our business operations and profitability. Compliance with these changing regulations may necessitate costly modifications to our products, business processes, or market strategies, which could lead to increased expenses and delays in product development and market entry. Failure to navigate and adhere to evolving regulations adequately could result in legal and financial liabilities, damage to our reputation, and potential market restrictions. Furthermore, inconsistency in regulations between different jurisdictions may create challenges in maintaining uniform business practices and product offerings, increasing our exposure to regulatory risks. Furthermore, a significant portion of our customer base comprises food delivery workers, and if leading food delivery platforms like Uber Eats and DoorDash impose new requirements on the type of electric vehicles they allow, non-compliance on our part could result in the loss of these customers. While we believe we are presently in compliance with applicable laws and regulations in our operating regions, there can be no assurance that we can always promptly adapt to the rapidly changing regulatory environment. If we fail to effectively adjust to the changing regulatory landscape and comply with applicable laws and regulations in our operating regions, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results would be materially and adversely affected.
We may be unable to adequately control the costs associated with our operations.
We expect to incur significant costs which will impact our profitability, including research and development expenses as we roll out new models and improve existing models, raw material procurement costs and selling and distribution expenses as we build our brand and market our vehicles. Our ability to remain profitable in the future will not only depend on our ability to successfully market our vehicles and other products and services but also to control our costs. If we are unable to cost efficiently design, manufacture, market, sell and distribute and service our vehicles and services, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results would be materially and adversely affected.
We may not succeed in establishing, maintaining and strengthening our brand, which could materially and adversely affect customer acceptance of our products, which could in turn materially affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Our business and prospects heavily depend on our ability to develop, maintain and strengthen the Fly E-Bike brand. If we are unable to establish, maintain and strengthen our brand, we may lose the opportunity to build and maintain a critical mass of customers. Our ability to develop, maintain and strengthen our brand will depend heavily on the success of our marketing efforts. Failure to develop and maintain a strong brand could materially and adversely affect customer acceptance of our vehicles, could result in suppliers and other third parties being less likely to invest time and resources in developing business relationships with us, and could materially adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
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We have a relatively short operating history, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects, forecast financial results, and assess the risks and challenges we may face.
Our business is relatively new and rapidly evolving. We first launched our business in 2018 and have a limited operating history. We have encountered in the past, and will encounter in the future, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies with limited operating histories in rapidly changing industries. Risks and challenges we have faced or expect to face as a result of our relatively limited operating history and evolving business model include our ability to:
| ● | make operating decisions and evaluate our future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter; |
| ● | forecast our revenue and budget for and manage our expenses; |
| ● | attract new customers and retain existing customers in a cost-effective manner; |
| ● | comply with existing and new or modified laws and regulations applicable to our business; |
| ● | manage our business assets and expenses; |
| ● | plan for and manage capital expenditures for our current and future offerings and manage our supply chain and supplier relationships related to our current and future offerings; |
| ● | anticipate and respond to macroeconomic changes and changes in the markets in which we operate; |
| ● | maintain and enhance the value of our reputation and brand; |
| ● | effectively manage our growth and business operations; |
| ● | successfully expand our geographic reach; |
| ● | hire, integrate and retain talented people at all levels of our organization; and |
| ● | successfully develop new features, offerings and services to enhance the experience of customers. |
If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan and operate our business, are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our expectations and our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected.
There is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
We believe there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern as of the date of this annual report. The going concern may be included in our future reports and could materially limit our ability to raise additional funds through the issuance of new debt or equity securities or otherwise.
As of March 31, 2026, we had cash of $0.3 million. We had working capital of $10.0 million and $1.3 million as of March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, respectively. We had net loss of $9.3 million and $5.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. During the year ended March 31, 2026, net cash used in operating activities of the Company was approximately $13.8 million. As of March 31, 2026, we had a current portion of contractual obligation of approximately $5.5 million. We plan to alleviate the going concern risk through (i) equity financing to support the Company’s working capital; (ii) other available sources of financing (including debt) from banks and other financial institutions; and (iii) financial support from the Company’s related parties. There is no assurance that we will be successful in implementing the foregoing plans or that additional financing will be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Our inability to secure needed financing when required could require material changes to our business plans and could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern and results of operations.
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We identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. If we are unable to remediate these material weaknesses, or identify additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations, which may adversely affect our business and stock price.
In connection with the preparation and audit of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2026, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses that have been identified included our lack of (i) sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the “U.S. GAAP”) and SEC reporting requirements to properly address complex U.S. GAAP accounting issues and to prepare and review our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures to fulfill U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements, (ii) formal internal control policies and internal independent supervision functions to establish formal risk assessment process and internal control framework, and (iii) sufficient controls designed and implemented in IT environment and IT general control activities, which are mainly associated with areas of logical access management, change management, computer operation, service organization management as well as cyber security management.
In response to the material weaknesses identified for the year ended March 31, 2026, we are in the process of implementing a number of measures to address the material weaknesses identified, including but not limited to (i) hiring additional qualified accounting and financial personnel with appropriate knowledge and experience in U.S. GAAP accounting and SEC reporting; (ii) organizing regular training for our accounting staff, especially training related to U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements; and (iii) regularly conducting checks on the IT software we utilize to ensure its proper functionality, and arranging training sessions for our IT staff. We also plan to adopt additional measures to improve our internal control over financial reporting, including, among others, creating a U.S. GAAP accounting policies and procedures manual, which will be maintained, reviewed and updated, on a regular basis, to the latest U.S. GAAP accounting standards, strengthening corporate governance as well as general control over our information technology. While we believe these efforts, once completed, will remediate the material weaknesses, we may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing or any required remediation in a timely fashion, or at all. We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date and may take in the future, will be sufficient to remediate the control deficiencies that led to our material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting, to prevent the identification of significant deficiencies in the future or that they will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses. The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting is subject to various inherent limitations, including cost limitations, judgments used in decision making, assumptions about the likelihood of future events, the possibility of human error and the risk of fraud. If we are unable to remediate the material weaknesses, our ability to record, process and report financial information accurately, and to prepare financial statements within the time periods required of public companies could be adversely affected which, in turn, may adversely affect our reputation and business and the market price of our common stock. In addition, any such failures could result in litigation or regulatory actions by the SEC or other regulatory authorities, loss of investor confidence, delisting of our securities and harm our reputation and financial condition, or diversion of financial and management resources from the operation of our business.
The markets in which we operate are in their infancy and highly competitive, and we may not be successful in competing in this industry.
The market of electric two-wheel vehicles is in its infancy, and we expect it will become more competitive in the future. There is no assurance that our vehicles will be successful in the respective markets in which they compete. A significant and growing number of established and new companies, as well as other companies, have entered or are reported to have plans to enter the electric vehicle market. Most of our current and potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing, sales networks and other resources than we do and may be able to devote greater resources to the design, development, manufacturing, distribution, promotion, sale and support of their products. Increased competition could result in lower vehicles sales, price reductions, revenue shortfalls, loss of customers and loss of market share, which could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
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An adverse determination in any significant product liability claim against us could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
The development, production, marketing, sale and usage of our vehicles will expose us to significant risks associated with product liability claims. As a provider of consumer products, we are, from time to time, subject to civil litigation regarding those products, including in publicly-available court filings. Our business is vulnerable to product liability claims, and we may face inherent risk of exposure to claims in the event our vehicles do not perform or are claimed to not have performed as expected. If our products are defective, malfunction or are used incorrectly by our customers, it may result in bodily injury, property damage or other injury, including death, which could give rise to product liability claims against us. For example, our certain EVs use lithium-ion batteries, which, if not appropriately managed and controlled, can rapidly release energy by venting smoke and flames that can ignite nearby materials. Furthermore, there is some risk of electrocution if individuals who attempt to repair battery packs do not follow applicable maintenance and repair protocols. Any such damage or injury would likely lead to product liability claims against us and potentially a safety recall. Any losses that we may suffer from any liability claims and the effect that any product liability litigation may have upon the brand image, reputation and marketability of our products could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition. No assurance can be given that material product liability claims will not be made in the future against us, or that claims will not arise in the future in excess or outside of our insurance coverage and contractual indemnities with suppliers and manufacturers. We may not be able to obtain adequate product liability insurance for our existing or new products or the cost of doing so may be prohibitive. Adverse determinations of material product liability claims made against us could also harm our reputation and cause us to lose customers and could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
We are dependent upon our executives for their services and any interruption in their ability to provide their services could cause us to cease operations.
The loss of the services of any member of our management team, including our CEO, could have a material adverse effect on us. We do not maintain any key man life insurance on our executives, including our CEO. The loss of the services of any of our executive management could impair our ability to execute our business plan and growth strategy, as we may not be able to find suitable individuals to replace such personnel on a timely basis or without incurring increased costs, or at all. Our future success will also depend on our ability to attract, retain and motivate other highly skilled employees. Competition for personnel in our industry is intense. We may not be able to retain our key employees or attract, assimilate or retain other highly qualified employees in the future. If we do not succeed in attracting new personnel or retaining and motivating our current personnel, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results will be adversely affected.
Our management team does not have any experience in operating a publicly traded company.
While our management team has a wide breadth of business experience, none of our executive officers have held an executive position at a publicly traded company. Given the onerous compliance requirements to which public companies are subject, there is a chance our executive officers will fail to perform at a level expected of public company officers. In such an event, the Company’s share price could be adversely affected. The management team’s limited experience in dealing with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies could be a significant disadvantage in that it is likely that an increasing amount of their time may be devoted to these activities which will result in less time being devoted to the management and growth of the company. We may not have adequate personnel with the appropriate level of knowledge, experience and training in the accounting policies, practices or internal control over financial reporting required of public companies in the United States. In addition, the development and implementation of the standards and controls necessary for us to achieve the level of accounting standards required of a public company in the United States may require costs greater than expected. It is possible that we will be required to expand our employee base and hire additional employees to support our operations as a public company which will increase our operating costs in future periods.
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We may need to defend ourselves against patent or trademark infringement claims, which may be time-consuming and would cause us to incur substantial costs.
Companies, organizations or individuals, including our competitors, may hold or obtain patents, trademarks or other proprietary rights that would prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use, develop, sell or market our vehicles, which could make it more difficult for us to operate our business. From time to time, we receive communications from holders of patents or trademarks regarding their proprietary rights, including in publicly available court filings. Companies holding patents or other intellectual property rights may bring suits alleging infringement of such rights or otherwise assert their rights. If we are determined to have infringed upon a third party’s intellectual property rights, we may be required to do one or more of the following:
| ● | cease selling, incorporating certain components into, or using vehicles or offering goods or services that incorporate or use the challenged intellectual property; |
| ● | pay substantial damages; |
| ● | seek a license from the holder of the infringed intellectual property right, which license may not be available on reasonable terms or at all; |
| ● | redesign our vehicles or other goods or services; or |
| ● | establish and maintain alternative branding for our products and services. |
In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us and our failure or inability to obtain a license to the infringed technology or other intellectual property right, our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, any litigation or claims, whether or not valid, could result in substantial costs, negative publicity and diversion of resources and management attention.
If we are unable to adequately establish, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights, our reputation may be harmed, we may be subject to litigation, and our business may be adversely affected.
Our future success and competitive position depend on our ability to establish, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights. We currently hold one trademark in the United States. Other than that, we do not own any issued patents, copyright nor other intellectual property registrations in the United States. We also seek to protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information through common law copyright and trademark principles, but these actions may be inadequate. The steps we have taken and will take may not prevent unauthorized use, reverse engineering or misappropriation of our technologies and we may be unable to detect any of the foregoing. Our lack of intellectual property protection in the United States may restrict our ability to protect our technologies and processes from competition. Defending and enforcing our intellectual property rights may result in litigation, which can be costly and divert management attention and resources. We plan to apply for patents, additional trademarks and other intellectual property registrations in the United States in the future to protect our brand and technologies. However, the intellectual property application process is complex and can be time-consuming. Even after investing significant resources in preparing and filing an application, there is no guarantee that it will be granted. If our efforts to protect our technologies and intellectual property are inadequate, the value of our brand and other intangible assets may be diminished and competitors may be able to mimic our cloud services. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Improper activities by third parties, exploitation of encryption technology, new data-hacking tools and discoveries and other events or developments may result in future intrusions into or compromise of our networks and technology systems.
Our systems, website, data (wherever stored), software or networks and those of third-party suppliers and service providers, are vulnerable to security breaches, including unauthorized access, computer viruses or other malicious code and other cyber threats that could have a security impact. We, our third-party suppliers and service providers may not be able to anticipate evolving techniques used to effect security breaches (which change frequently and may not be known until launched), or prevent attacks by hackers, including phishing or other cyber-attacks, or prevent breaches due to employee error or malfeasance, in a timely manner or at all. Cyber-attacks have become far more prevalent in the past few years, potentially leading to the theft or manipulation of confidential and proprietary information or loss of access to, or destruction of, data on our or third-party systems, as well as interruptions or malfunctions in our or third parties’ operations. If a breach occurs within the supply chain, disjointed or delayed response efforts can exacerbate the impact, prolong recovery time, and increase potential damage to our operations and reputation. In addition, at present, there are no existing contractual agreements delineating cybersecurity responsibilities between our company and our suppliers or service providers. This absence of clear terms poses a risk wherein disputes regarding liability and accountability in the event of a security breach may emerge. Such disputes could potentially result in legal complexities, financial losses, and impeded incident resolution within our supply chain.
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We have taken and are taking steps to monitor and enhance the security of our information technology systems. Furthermore, our board of directors schedules periodic discussions with management regarding significant risk exposures, including risks related to data privacy and cybersecurity, and assists in taking steps to mitigate the risk of cyberattacks on us. However, the techniques used by cyber criminals change frequently and often cannot be recognized until launched against a target; accordingly, we may not be able to anticipate these frequently changing techniques, implement adequate preventive measures for all of them or remediate any unauthorized access on a timely basis. All preventive measures, as well as additional measures that may be required to comply with rapidly evolving security standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards or contractual obligations, may cause us to incur substantial expenses. Any unauthorized access into our customers’ sensitive information, data belonging to us or our vendors or employee data, even if we are compliant with industry security standards, could put us at a competitive disadvantage, result in deterioration of our customers’, vendors’ and employees’ confidence in us and subject us to investigations, required notifications, potential litigation, liability, fines and penalties and consent decrees, resulting in a possible material adverse impact on our brand, business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
We may be unable to improve our existing products and develop and market new products that respond to customer needs and preferences and achieve market acceptance.
We may not be able to compete as effectively with our competitors, and ultimately satisfy the needs and preferences of our customers unless we can successfully enhance existing products, develop new innovative products and distinguish our products from our competitors’ products through innovation and design. Product development requires significant financial, technological and other resources. There can be no assurance that we will be able to incur a level of investment in research and development that will be sufficient to successfully make us competitive in product innovation and design. In addition, even if we are able to successfully enhance existing products and develop new products, there is no guarantee that the markets for our existing products and new products will progress as anticipated. If any of the markets in which our existing products compete do not develop as expected, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected.
We have limited experience servicing our vehicles, and if we are unable to address the service requirements of our customers, our business could be materially and adversely affected.
We have limited experience servicing or repairing our vehicles. Servicing electric vehicles is different than servicing traditional vehicles and requires specialized skills, including training and servicing techniques for electric vehicles. If we are unable to successfully address the servicing requirements of our customers or establish a market perception that we maintain high-quality support, our reputation could be harmed, we may be subject to claims from our customers, and our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results may be materially and adversely affected.
Significant product repair and/or replacement due to product warranty claims or product recalls could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
We provide a three-month warranty against defects for our EVs and three-month warranty on the battery. Our warranty will generally require us to repair or replace defective products during such warranty periods at no cost to the consumer. We will record provisions based on an estimate of product warranty claims, but there is the possibility that actual claims may exceed these provisions and therefore negatively impact our results of operations or financial condition.
In addition, we may in the future be required to make product recalls or could be held liable in the event that some of our products do not meet safety standards or statutory requirements on product safety, even if the defects related to any such recall or liability are not covered by our limited warranty. The repair and replacement costs that we could incur in connection with a recall could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Product recalls could also harm our reputation and cause us to lose customers, particularly if recalls cause consumers to question the safety or reliability of our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
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If our vehicle owners customize our vehicles or change the charging infrastructure with aftermarket products, the vehicle may not operate properly, which may create negative publicity and could harm our business.
Electric vehicle enthusiasts may seek to “hack” our vehicles to modify their performance, which could compromise vehicle safety systems. Also, customers may customize their vehicles with after-market parts that can compromise driver safety. We do not test, nor do we endorse, such changes or products. In addition, the use of improper external cabling or unsafe charging outlets can expose our customers to injury from high voltage electricity. Such unauthorized modifications could reduce the safety of our vehicles and any injuries resulting from such modifications could result in adverse publicity which would negatively affect our brand and harm our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Risks Related to Our Securities
An active, liquid and orderly trading market for our common stock may not develop or be maintained, and our stock price may be volatile.
We cannot predict the nature of the market for our common stock, and we cannot assure you that an active, liquid or orderly trading market for our common stock will be maintained. To the extent that an active market does not develop, you may have difficulty in selling any shares of our common stock. If there is no active, liquid or orderly market for our common stock, the reported bid and asked price at the time you seek to purchase or sell shares may not reflect the price at which you could either buy or sell shares of our common stock.
Our directors and executive officers will continue to exercise significant control over us, which will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could delay or prevent a change in corporate control.
The existing holdings of our directors and executive officers is in the aggregate, approximately 18.7% of our outstanding common stock as of the date of this annual report. As a result, these stockholders may be able to influence our management and affairs and control the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors and any sale, merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. The concentration of voting power among one or more of these stockholders may have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock.
In addition, this concentration of ownership might adversely affect the market price of our common stock by: (1) delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of our company; (2) impeding a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving our company; or (3) discouraging a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company.
The price of our common stock may be volatile and fluctuate substantially and rapidly, which could result in the loss of a significant part of your investment.
The market price of our common stock may fluctuate substantially and rapidly and may be higher or lower than the public offering price. The stock market, in general, and the market for smaller companies such as ours, in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Such volatility, including any stock-run up, may be unrelated or disproportionate to the actual or expected operating performance and financial condition or prospects of those companies, making it difficult for the investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our common stock. These fluctuations may be even more pronounced in the trading market for our common stock shortly following the listing of our common stock on Nasdaq as a result of the limited public float available following the IPO. The market price for our common stock may be influenced by many factors, including:
| ● | limited trading volume; |
| ● | our success in commercializing our products; |
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| ● | developments with respect to competitive products or technologies; | |
| ● | developments or disputes concerning patent applications, issued patents or other intellectual property or proprietary rights; | |
| ● | the recruitment or departure of key personnel; | |
| ● | actual or anticipated changes in estimates as to financial results, commercialization timelines or recommendations by securities analysts; | |
| ● | variations in our financial results or the financial results of companies that are perceived to be similar to us; |
| ● | sales of common stock by us, our executive officers, directors or principal stockholders or others; | |
| ● | general economic, industry and market conditions, such as the lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our industry; |
| ● | the publication of unfavorable research reports and updates thereto by financial analysts; and | |
| ● | the other factors described in this “Risk Factors” section. |
In the past, many companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business.
We incur increased costs as a result of being a publicly traded company.
As a company with publicly traded securities, we incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses not presently incurred. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as well as rules promulgated by the SEC and the national securities exchange on which we list, requires us to adopt corporate governance practices applicable to U.S. public companies. These rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about us, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our common stock, then our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us, our industry and our market. If no analyst elects to cover us and publish research or reports about us, the market for our common stock could be severely limited and our stock price could be adversely affected. As a small-cap company, we are more likely than our larger competitors to lack coverage from securities analysts. In addition, even if we receive analyst coverage, if one or more analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. If one or more analysts who elect to cover us issue negative reports or adversely change their recommendations regarding our common stock, our stock price could decline.
We are an “emerging growth company” and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to “emerging growth companies” will make our common stock less attractive to investors.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the federal securities laws, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions and relief from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” In particular, while we are an “emerging growth company”, (1) we will not be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (2) we will be exempt from any rules that may be adopted by the PCAOB requiring mandatory audit firm rotations or a supplement to the auditor’s report on financial statements, (3) we will be subject to reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and (4) we will not be required to hold nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We will take advantage of these exemptions. In addition, an emerging growth company may take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) for complying with new or revised accounting standards, meaning that the company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards and, therefore, we will not be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.
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We may remain an “emerging growth company” until the fiscal year-end following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this initial public offering, though we may cease to be an “emerging growth company” earlier under certain circumstances, including (1) if we become a large accelerated filer, (2) if our gross revenue exceeds $1.235 billion in any fiscal year, or (3) if we issue more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible notes in any three year period. We cannot assure you that we will be able to take advantage of all of the benefits of the available to emerging growth companies.
We are a “smaller reporting company” and, even if we no longer qualify as an emerging growth company, we may still be subject to reduced reporting requirements.
We are a “smaller reporting company” as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Smaller reporting companies may choose to present only the two most recent fiscal years of audited financial statements in their annual reports on Form 10-K and have reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation and, if a smaller reporting company has less than $100 million in annual revenue, it would not be required to obtain an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by its independent registered public accounting firm. We will remain a smaller reporting company until the last day of any fiscal year for so long as either: (i) the market value of our shares of common stock held by non-affiliates does not equal or exceed $250 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter; or (ii) our annual revenues is less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and the market value of our common stock held by non-affiliates is less than $700 million measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter. To the extent we take advantage of such reduced disclosure obligations, it may make the comparison of our financial statements with other public companies difficult or impossible.
We may issue shares of preferred stock in the future, which could make it difficult for another company to acquire us or could otherwise adversely affect holders of our common stock, which could depress the price of our common stock.
Our certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue one or more series of preferred stock. Our board of directors will have the authority to determine the preferences, limitations and relative rights of the shares of preferred stock and to fix the number of shares constituting any series and the designation of such series, without any further vote or action by our stockholders. Our preferred stock could be issued with voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to the rights of our common stock. The potential issuance of preferred stock may delay or prevent a change in control of us, discouraging bids for our common stock at a premium to the market price, and materially adversely affect the market price and the voting and other rights of the holders of our common stock.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends or distributions on our capital stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends or distributions on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to support operations and to finance expansion and therefore we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
The declaration, payment and amount of any future dividends will be made at the discretion of the board of directors, and will depend upon, among other things, the results of our operations, cash flows and financial condition, operating and capital requirements, and other factors as the board of directors considers relevant. There is no assurance that future dividends will be paid, and, if dividends are paid, there is no assurance with respect to the amount of any such dividend. As a result, investors will be reliant upon capital appreciation for any returns on their investment in the shares of our common stock.
Future sales of our common stock in the public market could reduce our stock price, and any additional capital raised by us through the sale of equity or convertible securities may dilute your ownership in us.
As of July 23, 2026, there are 77,000 shares of restricted common stock, which constitute approximately 4.717% of our outstanding common stock, may be eligible for sale pursuant to Rule 144 at various times, subject to limitations provided by Rule 144. If placement agent for the registered direct offering waives or releases parties to the lock-up, the market price for our common stock could be adversely impacted.
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We intend to file a registration statement with the SEC on Form S-8 providing for the registration of shares of our common stock issued or reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plan or pursuant to stock options. Subject to the satisfaction of vesting conditions and the expiration of lock-up agreements, shares registered under the registration statement on Form S-8 will be available for resale immediately in the public market without restriction other than those restrictions imposed on sales by affiliates pursuant to Rule 144.
We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our common stock or securities convertible into common stock or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of shares of our common stock will have on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock (including shares issued in connection with any acquisition we may make), or the perception that such sales, including sales by our existing stockholders pursuant to Rule 144, could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock.
Delaware law and provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws could make a merger, tender offer or proxy contest difficult, thereby depressing the trading price of our common stock.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation (as amended) and bylaws contain provisions that could depress the trading price of our common stock by acting to discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of us or changes in its management that the stockholders may deem advantageous. These provisions include the following:
| ● | establish a classified board of directors so that not all members of our board of directors are elected at one time; | ||
| ● | permit the board of directors to establish the number of directors and fill any vacancies and newly-created directorships; | ||
| ● | provide that directors may only be removed for cause; |
| ● | require super-majority voting to amend some provisions in our bylaws; |
| ● | prohibit stockholder action by written consent, which requires all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders; |
| ● | provide that the board of directors is expressly authorized to amend or repeal our bylaws; |
| ● | restrict the forum for certain litigation against the Company to Delaware; and |
| ● | establish advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at annual stockholder meetings. |
Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation (as amended) or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.
Our management is required to devote a substantial amount of time to comply with public company regulations.
As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act as well as rules implemented by the SEC and Nasdaq, impose various requirements on public companies, including those related to corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these requirements. Certain members of our management do not have significant experience in addressing these requirements. Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly.
Among other things, our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Our compliance with these requirements will require that it incur substantial accounting and related expenses and expend significant management efforts. We will need to hire additional accounting and financial staff to comply with public company regulations. The costs of hiring such staff may be material and there can be no assurance that such staff will be immediately available to us.
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Moreover, because we have identified deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that are deemed to be material weaknesses, investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our common stock could decline and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by Nasdaq, the SEC or other regulatory authorities.
We are subject to an SEC investigation, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price.
On January 21, 2026, the Company was notified by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) that it has initiated an investigation involving the Company. The Company has not been provided with substantive details regarding the investigation, and is fully cooperating with the investigation. SEC investigations can be lengthy, expensive and disruptive. We have incurred and may continue to incur significant legal and other expenses in connection with the investigation. Management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot predict the timing, outcome or consequences of the investigation. If the SEC were to determine that we have violated federal securities laws, we could be subject to civil or criminal sanctions, including monetary penalties, cease and desist orders, injunctions or other equitable relief. Any such sanctions or the continuation of the investigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation, financial condition and the market price of our common stock.
We are subject to a securities class action lawsuit and may be subject to similar litigation in the future, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price.
On September 8, 2025, a federal securities class action was filed against the Company, our chief executive officer, and our former chief financial officer in the United States District Court, Eastern District of New York. The complaint alleges violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 thereunder, claiming that defendants made materially false and misleading statements about revenue growth, brand reputation, and business expansion, while concealing or minimizing material adverse facts concerning the safety of the Company’s lithium battery and inadequate forecasting processes. Securities litigation is often expensive and diverts management’s attention and Company resources. There can be no assurance that we will prevail in this action. An unfavorable outcome in this or similar litigation could result in substantial monetary damages, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and the market price of our common stock. In addition, the SEC investigation and the class action litigation, whether or not resolved in our favor, could result in substantial costs, divert management’s attention and resources, cause us reputational harm, and make it more difficult for us to raise capital or attract and retain qualified personnel.
On May 22, 2026, the lead plaintiff in the Class Action filed an Amended Complaint. The Company's response to the Amended Complaint is due August 14, 2026. Given the preliminary stage of the lawsuit and the inherent uncertainties of litigation, the Company cannot determine with certainty the outcome of the Class Action at this time.
There can be no assurance that we will be able to comply with the continued listing standards of Nasdaq.
Our eligibility for listing on Nasdaq depends on our ability to comply with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements. On April 17, 2026, the Company received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Staff (the “Staff”) of Nasdaq notifying the Company that it currently does not satisfy Listing Rule 5620(a), which requires listed companies to hold an annual meeting of shareholders within twelve months of the end of their fiscal year. The Company did not hold an annual meeting of shareholders within twelve months of its fiscal year ended March 31, 2025. The Deficiency Letter is only a notification of deficiency, not of imminent delisting, and has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of the Company’s securities on the Nasdaq Capital Market. The Deficiency Letter states that the Company has 45 calendar days, or until June 1, 2026, to submit to Nasdaq a plan to regain compliance with the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5620(a). If the Company submits a plan to Nasdaq and Nasdaq accepts the plan, Nasdaq can grant an exception of up to 180 calendar days from the fiscal year end, or until September 28, 2026, to regain compliance. If Nasdaq does not accept the Company’s plan, the Company will have the opportunity to appeal the decision to a Nasdaq Hearings Panel.
The Company filed the proxy for its 2026 annual general meeting (“2026 AGM”) on May 26, 2026 and the 2026 AGM was held on June 17, 2026. Accordingly, Staff has determined that the Company complies with the Listing Rule 5620(a) and this matter is now closed.
On July 21, 2026, the Company received a delinquency notification letter (the “Notice”) from the Listing Qualifications Staff of Nasdaq due to the Company’s non-compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) as a result of the Company’s failure to timely file its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended March 31, 2026. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) requires listed companies to timely file all required periodic financial reports with the SEC. This Notice has no immediate effect on the listing of the Company’s securities on Nasdaq. However, if the Company fails to timely regain compliance with the Rule, the Company’s securities will be subject to delisting from Nasdaq. The Notice provides that the Company may submit to Nasdaq a plan to regain compliance with the Nasdaq Listing Rule by September 21, 2026. If Nasdaq accepts the Company’s plan, then Nasdaq may grant the Company up to 180 calendar days from the filing’s due date, or until January 11, 2027, to regain compliance. If Nasdaq does not accept the Company’s plan, then the Company will have the opportunity to appeal that decision to a Nasdaq Hearings Panel. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to regain compliance with the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5250(c)(1) or maintain compliance with any other continued listing requirements.
If Nasdaq delists our common stock from trading on its exchange, we and our stockholders could face significant material adverse consequences including:
| ● | limited availability of market quotations for our securities; |
| ● | a determination that our common stock is a “penny stock,” which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our common stock; | |
| ● | a limited amount of analyst coverage; and |
| ● | decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. |
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FINRA sales practice requirements may limit a stockholder’s ability to buy and sell our common stock.
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) has adopted rules that require that in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative low-priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, the FINRA believes that there is a high probability that speculative low-priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. The FINRA requirements make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our common stock, which may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity in our common stock. As a result, fewer broker-dealers may be willing to make a market in our common stock, reducing a stockholder’s ability to resell shares of our common stock.
Holders of the Warrants will have no rights as a common stockholder until they acquire our common stock.
Until holders of the Warrants acquire shares of our common stock upon exercise of the Warrants, the holders will have no rights with respect to shares of our common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants. Upon exercise of the Warrants, the holder will be entitled to exercise the rights of a common stockholder as to the security exercised only as to matters for which the record date occurs after the exercise.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish or cease publishing research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our securities adversely, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts may publish about us, our business, our market or our competitors. If any of the analysts who may cover us change their recommendation regarding our common stock adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about our competitors, our stock price would likely decline. If any analyst who may cover us were to cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
Our company diligently monitors cybersecurity risks, conducting annual reviews at senior management levels and, when necessary, with the Audit Committee to update the board of directors. Currently, we believe there are no significant cybersecurity threats that pose a material risk to our business strategy, operations, or financial condition.
Our primary strategy for mitigating cyber risks involves storing sensitive data with trusted third-party providers who meet stringent audit and security standards. We collaborate with third-party vendors who comply with various industry standards such as SOC.
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Item 2. Properties
Our corporate and executive offices that we own are located in 136-40 39th Avenue, Suite 202, Flushing, NY 11354, encumbered by debt. In addition, we lease a warehouse in Maspeth, New York, where we assemble all of our vehicles. The warehouse, which is approximately 52,264 square feet, is under one lease that is due to expire on April 30, 2029, at a current annual rent of approximately $1.2 million.
We believe our facilities are sufficient to meet our needs in the near term, as we expand our operations, we may require additional space in which to assemble our vehicles and we do not have any commitments for such space. All of our retail stores are leased. For the year ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, we paid an aggregate of $1.6 million and $2.9 million, respectively, for the spaces used for retail stores.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. As a provider of consumer products, we are, from time to time, subject to civil litigation regarding those products and intellectual property rights of third parties, including in publicly-available court filings. We are not currently a party to, nor are we aware of, any legal proceedings, investigations or claims which, in the opinion of our management, are likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
SEC Investigation
On January 21, 2026, the Company was notified by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) that it has initiated an investigation involving the Company. The Company has not been provided with substantive details regarding the investigation, and is fully cooperating with the investigation.
Federal securities class action instituted on September 8, 2025
On September 8, 2025, a federal securities class action was filed in the United States District Court, Eastern District of New York, by plaintiff Dino Kurt, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, against defendants, the Company, chief executive officer (the “CEO”) Zhou Ou, and former chief financial officer (the “CFO”) Shiwen Feng (the “Class Action”). The complaint alleges violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 during the class period spanning from July 15, 2025, to August 14, 2025. The plaintiff claims that defendants provided materially false and misleading positive statements about revenue growth, brand reputation, and business expansion, while concealing or minimizing material adverse facts concerning the safety of the Company’s lithium battery and inadequate forecasting processes, which were already taking a material toll on E-vehicle (the “EV”) sales revenue. The plaintiff alleged when the Company filed a form NT 10-Q on August 14, 2025, which disclosed a 32% decrease in net revenues primarily driven by a decline in total units sold, attributed by the Company to “recent lithium-battery accidents involving E-Bikes and E-Scooters”; the price of Company’s common stock declined dramatically by about 87% in a single day, resulting in economic loss for the plaintiff and the class.
The relief sought includes determining that the action may be maintained as a class action, requiring defendants to pay damages sustained by the plaintiff and the class, and awarding pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, along with reasonable attorneys’ fees, expert fees, and other costs, with the monetary damages sought being certified to be in excess of $150,000.
On May 22, 2026, the lead plaintiff in the Class Action filed an Amended Complaint. The Company's response to the Amended Complaint is due August 14, 2026. Given the preliminary stage of the lawsuit and the inherent uncertainties of litigation, the Company cannot determine with certainty the outcome of the Class Action at this time.
Any potential loss associated with the action is not reasonably estimable at this early stage. The Company did not accrue any material loss contingencies in this respect as of March 31, 2026.
Shareholder derivative actions instituted on October 28, 2025 and November 17, 2025
On October 28, 2025, a shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed purportedly on behalf of the Company, as nominal defendant, against certain of its current and former directors and officers in the United States Court for the Eastern District of New York, captioned Flynn v. Ou et al, No. 1:25-cv-06036 (E.D.N.Y.) (the “Flynn Action”). The complaint filed in the Flynn Action alleges claims for alleged breach of fiduciary duties and gross mismanagement, among others. On November 17, 2025, an additional putative shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed purportedly on behalf of the Company, as nominal defendant, against certain of its current and former directors and officers in the United States Court for the Eastern District of New York, captioned Shah v. Ou et al, No. 1:25-cv-06372 (E.D.N.Y.) (the “Shah Action”). The complaint filed in the Shah Action alleges claims for alleged breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, gross mismanagement, abuse of control, among others.
The Flynn Action and Shah Action are based on the same alleged facts and circumstances as the Class Action and seek damages from the current and former directors and officers and an order directing the Company and current and former directors and officers to take actions to reform and improve corporate governance and internal procedures. On December 9, 2025, the Court consolidated the Flynn Action and Shah Action into a single consolidated action captioned In re Fly-E Group, Inc. Stockholder Derivative Litigation, No. 1:25-cv-06036 (E.D.N.Y.) (the “Consolidated Derivative Action”), and appointed co-lead counsel. The current and former director and officer defendants dispute the allegations in the complaints and intend to vigorously defend against all claims. Given the preliminary stage of the lawsuit and the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot determine with certainty the outcome of the Consolidated Derivative Action at this time.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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Part II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information
Our common stock commenced trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market on June 6, 2024 under the symbol “FLYE”.
Stockholders
As of July 23, 2026, we had 17 stockholders of record.
Transfer Agent
Transhare Corporation, Bayside Center 1, 17755 US Highway 19 N, Suite 140, Clearwater FL 33764, is the transfer agent for our common stock.
Dividends
We have never declared or paid any cash or other dividends or distributions on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. We do not expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Payment of future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, restrictions contained in any financing instruments, provisions of applicable law and other factors the board deems relevant.
Item 6. [Reserved]
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto included in this annual report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.
Overview
We are an EV company that is principally engaged in designing, installing, selling and renting E-motorcycles, E-bikes, E-scooters and related accessories under the brand “Fly E-Bike.” At Fly E-Bike, our commitment is to encourage people to incorporate eco-friendly transportation into their active lifestyles, ultimately contributing towards building a more environmentally friendly future.
Fly E-Bike was established in 2018 with its first store opened in New York. Our business has grown rapidly until mid-2024. As of July 23, 2026, we have 4 retail stores in the U.S. The Company offers rental services from selected locations in New York, and Los Angeles. We also operate one online store at flyebike.com, focusing on selling E-motorcycles, E-bikes and E-scooters, serving customers in the United States.
We have a diversified product portfolio that is designed to satisfy the various demands of our customers and address different urban travel scenarios. Additionally, we aim to refresh our product offerings continuously to align with evolving market trends. As of July 23, 2026, we offered 27 E-motorcycle products, 37 E-bike products and 38 E-scooter products.
We also operate a rental program to meet the increasing market demand for safe, UL-certified e-bikes in compliance with New York State regulations. The rental service, now available in New York City, and Los Angeles via the Go Fly rental service mobile app and select Fly E-Bike stores, provides users with a flexible and affordable e-bike rental option.
We are currently in the process of developing a Fly E-Bike app, which is a management service mobile software for our EVs, enabling customers to purchase bikes, locate company stores, schedule bike repairs, and more. We aim to design an app that will bring users a comprehensive intelligent experience to create a safer and more satisfying riding life. The development of the app is still in its preliminary stage. We have launched a testing version of the app, which is currently unavailable to our customers. In December 2023, the Company engaged DF Technology US Inc (“DFT”) for certain technology services including the development of an enterprise resource planning system (“ERP system”), and in July 2024, the Company engaged DFT to develop a mobile phone application for its renal services, the GO FLY APP. The GO FLY APP is fully completed and delivered on September 9, 2024. The ERP system is fully completed and delivered on May 20, 2025. For the year ended March 31, 2026, we engaged Phecda Technology (HK) Limited to enhance the ERP functions and develop app for Flyebike, Riding, Lease and Rental. These developments of the app are still in development stage.
We source a significant portion of our vehicle components from China and the United States, and then assemble them into our vehicles in a facility located in Maspeth and New York. For the year ended March 31, 2026, we assembled 2,714 E-motorcycles, 6,722 E-bikes and 1,830 E-scooters at the same facility.
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Recent Developments
SEC Investigation
On January 21, 2026, the Company was notified by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) that it has initiated an investigation involving the Company. The Company has not been provided with substantive details regarding the investigation, and is fully cooperating with the investigation.
Federal securities class action instituted on September 8, 2025
On September 8, 2025, a federal securities class action was filed in the United States District Court, Eastern District of New York, by plaintiff Dino Kurt, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, against defendants, the Company, chief executive officer (the “CEO”) Zhou Ou, and former chief financial officer (the “CFO”) Shiwen Feng (the “Class Action”). The complaint alleges violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 during the class period spanning from July 15, 2025, to August 14, 2025. The plaintiff claims that defendants provided materially false and misleading positive statements about revenue growth, brand reputation, and business expansion, while concealing or minimizing material adverse facts concerning the safety of the Company’s lithium battery and inadequate forecasting processes, which were already taking a material toll on E-vehicle (the “EV”) sales revenue. The plaintiff alleged when the Company filed a form NT 10-Q on August 14, 2025, which disclosed a 32% decrease in net revenues primarily driven by a decline in total units sold, attributed by the Company to “recent lithium-battery accidents involving E-Bikes and E-Scooters”; the price of Company’s common stock declined dramatically by about 87% in a single day, resulting in economic loss for the plaintiff and the class.
The relief sought includes determining that the action may be maintained as a class action, requiring defendants to pay damages sustained by the plaintiff and the class, and awarding pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, along with reasonable attorneys’ fees, expert fees, and other costs, with the monetary damages sought being certified to be in excess of $150,000.
On May 22, 2026, the lead plaintiff in the Class Action filed an Amended Complaint. The Company's response to the Amended Complaint is due August 14, 2026. Given the preliminary stage of the lawsuit and the inherent uncertainties of litigation, the Company cannot determine with certainty the outcome of the Class Action at this time.
Any potential loss associated with the action is not reasonably estimable at this early stage. The Company did not accrue any material loss contingencies in this respect as of March 31, 2026.
Shareholder derivative actions instituted on October 28, 2025 and November 17, 2025
On October 28, 2025, a shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed purportedly on behalf of the Company, as nominal defendant, against certain of its current and former directors and officers in the United States Court for the Eastern District of New York, captioned Flynn v. Ou et al, No. 1:25-cv-06036 (E.D.N.Y.) (the “Flynn Action”). The complaint filed in the Flynn Action alleges claims for alleged breach of fiduciary duties and gross mismanagement, among others. On November 17, 2025, an additional putative shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed purportedly on behalf of the Company, as nominal defendant, against certain of its current and former directors and officers in the United States Court for the Eastern District of New York, captioned Shah v. Ou et al, No. 1:25-cv-06372 (E.D.N.Y.) (the “Shah Action”). The complaint filed in the Shah Action alleges claims for alleged breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, gross mismanagement, abuse of control, among others.
The Flynn Action and Shah Action are based on the same alleged facts and circumstances as the Class Action and seek damages from the current and former directors and officers and an order directing the Company and current and former directors and officers to take actions to reform and improve corporate governance and internal procedures. On December 9, 2025, the Court consolidated the Flynn Action and Shah Action into a single consolidated action captioned In re Fly-E Group, Inc. Stockholder Derivative Litigation, No. 1:25-cv-06036 (E.D.N.Y.) (the “Consolidated Derivative Action”), and appointed co-lead counsel. The current and former director and officer defendants dispute the allegations in the complaints and intend to vigorously defend against all claims. Given the preliminary stage of the lawsuit and the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot determine with certainty the outcome of the Consolidated Derivative Action at this time.
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UL Litigation
On or about March 12, 2025, UL LLC (“UL”) filed a complaint against the Company, along with the Company’s certain subsidiaries and certain individuals, in the Eastern District of New York (the “Complaint”). The Complaint alleges that the Company improperly used UL’s trademark by claiming certain products were certified by UL. The Complaint seeks $2,000,000 for each instance an allegedly counterfeit UL mark was used and asserts claims for federal trademark infringement and counterfeiting, unfair competition and false designations of the origin and false and misleading representations, common law unfair competition, common law unjust enrichment, and unlawful deceptive acts and practices.
On May 21, 2025, Company, along with its certain subsidiaries and certain individuals, and UL entered into a settlement and release agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) on mutually acceptable settlement terms. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Company and the other defendants agreed to pay UL an aggregate amount of $1,000,000 before November 30, 2025, and entered into a Consent Judgment and Permanent Injunction pursuant to which the Company and the other defendants agreed not to offer for sale, sell, or distribute products with UL Marks that were not tested and certified by UL. During the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company paid $1,000,000 to UL.
The Settlement Agreement fully resolves all pending litigation between UL and the Company, and each party fully releases the other party from any and all past or present claims, demands, causes of action, obligations, damages, liabilities, expenses, or compensation of whatever kind or nature, that were or could have been asserted in connection with the Company’s sales of products with a UL Mark which were not tested and certified by UL.
2025 Reverse Stock Split
On March 10, 2025, the Company held a special meeting of stockholders. At the special meeting, the stockholders approved a proposal to amend the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, by a ratio in the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-15, with such ratio to be determined in the discretion of the board of directors of the Company and with such action to be effected at such time and date, if at all, as determined by the board of directors within one year after the conclusion of the special meeting.
On June 16, 2025, the board of directors approved a one-for-five (1:5) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “2025 First Reverse Stock Split”). On July 2, 2025, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware the Second Certificate of Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to effect the 2025 First Reverse Stock Split. The 2025 First Reverse Stock Split became effective as of 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on July 3, 2025, and the Company’s common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market on a split-adjusted basis on July 7, 2025.
After the 2025 First Reverse Stock Split, every five (5) shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock have been automatically converted into one share of common stock, without any change in the par value per share. In addition, (i) a proportionate adjustment has been made to the per share exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of all outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock, and (ii) the number of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s stock incentive plan has been reduced proportionately. Any fraction of a share of common stock created as a result of the 2025 First Reverse Stock Split was rounded up to the nearest whole share. The Company’s common stock continues to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “FLYE.”
On September 15, 2025, the Company planned to hold a special meeting of stockholders, but adjourned to October 13, 2025 in order to achieve a quorum (the “Special Meeting”). At the special meeting, the stockholder approved a proposal to amend the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, , by a ratio in the range of 1-for-2 to 1-for-20, with such ratio to be determined in the discretion of the board of directors of the Company and with such action to be effected at such time and date, if at all, as determined by the board of directors within one year after the conclusion of the special meeting.
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On October 13, 2025, the board of directors approved a one-for-twenty (1:20) reverse stock split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock (the “2025 Second Reverse Stock Split”). On October 23, 2025, the Company filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware the Second Certificate of Amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation (the “Certificate of Amendment”) to effect the 2025 Second Reverse Stock Split. The 2025 Second Reverse Stock Split became effective on November 4, 2025, and the Company’s common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market on a split-adjusted basis on November 4, 2025.
After the 2025 Second Reverse Stock Split, every twenty (20) shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock have been automatically converted into one share of common stock, without any change in the par value per share. In addition, (i) a proportionate adjustment has been made to the per share exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of all outstanding warrants to purchase shares of common stock, and (ii) the number of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s stock incentive plan has been reduced proportionately. Any fraction of a share of common stock created as a result of the 2025 Second Reverse Stock Split was rounded up to the nearest whole share. The Company’s common stock continues to trade on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “FLYE.”
Unless otherwise noted, the share and per share information in this report reflects the two 2025 Reverse Stock Split.
Registered Direct Offering and Private Placement Offering
On June 2, 2025, we closed our registered direct offering of an aggregate of (i) 285,956 shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 and (ii) 571,912 warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase 571,912 shares of common stock at a combined purchase price per share and accompanying Warrants of $24.28, resulting in net proceeds to us of $6.24 million after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses. All of the shares (including shares underlying the Warrants) were registered under the Securities Act pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1, as amended (File No. 333-286678), which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 15, 2025. American Trust Investment Services, Inc. (“ATIS”) acted as the exclusive placement agent for the offering. We paid ATIS aggregate commissions of $219,430 and incurred offering expenses of $178,625.
On September 18, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with third-party individuals offering of (i) 687,500 shares of the common stock at the price of $16.0 per share for a total consideration of $11,000,000. During the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company received net proceeds of $10,996,558 from the investors. The disclosure that the closing of this transaction occurred on September 30, 2025, in the Form 8-K filed with the SEC was incorrect and is hereby corrected.
Disposal of Certain Subsidiaries
During the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company disposed several subsidiaries as part of a disposal plan aimed at simplifying its legal and operational structure and improving administrative efficiency. The divestitures were not intended to be a strategic withdrawal from any specific geographic region or industry, but rather a measure to streamline the Company’s corporate structure and reduce complexity in financial reporting. As part of this plan, as of March 31, 2026, the Company had sold an aggregate of 28 subsidiaries to third-party individuals in multiple transactions, for total cash consideration of approximately $2.9 million, of which approximately $0.1 million had been received. Between April 2025 and March 2026, the Company further sold 100% of its equity interests in 24 subsidiaries to third-party buyers for total cash consideration of approximately $2.3 million, with no contingent payments or adjustments. As of July 23, 2026, the Company had not received any remaining consideration under these transactions. (See Note - 15 — DISPOSAL OF SUBSIDIARIES in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for details).
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Key Factors that Affect Operating Results
Our results of operations and financial condition are affected by the general factors driving the U.S.’s electric two-wheeled vehicles industry, including, among others, the U.S.’s overall economic growth, the increase in per capita disposable income, the expansion of urbanization, the growth in consumer spending and consumption upgrades, the competitive environment, governmental policies and initiatives towards electric two-wheeled vehicles, as well as the general factors affecting the electric two-wheeled vehicles industry in overseas markets. Unfavorable changes in any of these general industry conditions could negatively affect demand for our products and materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
While our business is influenced by these general factors, our results of operations are more directly affected by company specific factors, including the following major factors:
New Customers
Our growth will depend on our ability to achieve sales targets, including our ability to attract new customers, which in turn depends in part on our ability to execute our retail strategy and produce effective marketing initiatives to expand our brand perception with prospective customers. As of July 23, 2026, we currently operate 4 retail stores in the U.S. During the year ended March 31, 2026, 23 retail stores in the U.S. and 1 retail store in Canada were sold to streamline the Company’s corporate structure and reduce complexity in financial reporting and operating costs. We offer rental services from selected locations. We also operate one online store, focusing on selling E-motorcycles, E-bikes, and E-scooters in the United States. It is critical for us to successfully manage production ramp-up and quality control to deliver to customers in adequate volume and quality.
With respect to branding and marketing, we plan to raise brand awareness through both traditional and social media channels and connect with customers through physical touchpoints such as our retail stores and distributors. We believe that effective marketing can boost our brand awareness and contribute to increased sales. In addition, we intend to provide superior customer experience through our trained technicians who will provide after-sale maintenance and repair services at our retail stores. An inability to attract new customers would substantially impact our ability to grow revenue or improve our financial results.
Product Sales Price and Volume
For the year ended March 31, 2026, our net revenues decreased by 25.0% to $19.1 million, compared to $25.4 million for the same period in 2025, which was primarily driven by a decrease in total units sold and reductions in selling prices to reduce aged inventory for the year ended March 31, 2026.
We currently have a streamlined product portfolio consisting of three categories, with multiple models and specifications for each category. Our ability to increase the sales price and volume will depend on our ability to continually enhance our brand to attract customers, as well as our ability to successfully operate our retail stores and expand our sales network globally. However, our product sales price is influenced by various factors such as market demand and competitors’ pricing, and although we continue working on product improvements and retail expansion, there can be no guarantee of sustained sales price increase or improved sales volume. If our prices remain stable, increasing sales volume would become important for continued revenue growth, and failure to do so would significantly impact our ability to grow revenue or improve our financial results.
Employees
Our payroll expenses were $2.5 million for the year ended March 31, 2026, compared to $4.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2025. During the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company closed 8 stores and sold 24 stores, and we expect a decrease in payroll expenses in the next quarter due to reduced demand for store sales staff. Each of our retail stores has a minimum of two employees, and additional office employees will be hired to support retail stores in customer service and marketing. In addition, to maintain excellent customer service in our retail stores, each store will have at least one trained repair professional. Effective management of payroll expenses remains crucial to our ability to grow revenue and enhance our financial results, especially as we navigate a reduced workforce.
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Vendor and Supply Management
During the year ended March 31, 2026, we worked with two principal vendors, Depcl Corp. and Xiamen Innolabs Technology Co., Ltd, each of which respectively supplied approximately 70.3% and 19.2% of the accessories and components used in all our products.
We have implemented a centralized vendor management system that streamlines purchasing, enhances our negotiating power and maintains strong vendor relationships. We believe this approach delivers cost savings, improved risk management and increased negotiating power, ultimately benefiting our operating results. Changes in costs related to our major vendors can significantly affect our financial condition and operating results.
Market Trends, Competition and Tariff
We operate in a rapidly growing EV market with a special focus on E-motorcycles, E-bikes and E-scooters. However, increased competition may pressure prices and margins, reducing sales volume, revenues, and sales margin for us. Additionally, marketing and advertising costs may rise as we differentiate ourselves and maintain our market position. Moreover, competitors may impact customer acquisition and retention, satisfaction and loyalty. While we believe we maintain competitive advantages in several areas, including brand, product design and quality, smart features, omnichannel retail model, customer satisfaction and loyalty, we must continuously innovate, invest in research and development and marketing to maintain our competitive edge and unique selling points. Recently, the U.S. government issued executive orders imposing tariffs on products from key international suppliers, citing national security and public health concerns. These tariffs are expected to impact a wide range of imported goods, including components used in e-bike and e-scooter manufacturing. While some agreements have temporarily delayed their implementation, ongoing trade tensions could lead to supply chain disruptions, increased costs, and pricing pressures within the industry. Tariffs on e-bikes and e-scooters or their components would likely increase prices for consumers, and create challenges for U.S. manufacturers and retailers. While there could be long-term opportunities for domestic production, the immediate impact would likely be negative for the growing e-bike and e-scooter market.
Regulatory Landscape
We operate in an industry that is subject to extensive environmental, safety and other laws and regulations, which include products safety and testing, as well as battery safety and disposal. These requirements create additional costs and possible production delay in connection with the testing and manufacturing of our products. We also benefit from environmental regulations in our target markets which include economic incentives to purchasers of EVs and tax credits for EV manufacturers. The Governor of New York State signed a legislative package in July 2024 aimed at raising awareness about the safe use of e-bikes and lithium-ion battery products, prohibiting the sale of non-compliant batteries, requiring safety protocols and training for first responders, mandating operating manuals for e-bike retailers, and improving accident reporting and registration processes for e-bikes and mopeds.
How to Assess Our Performance
In assessing performance, management considers a variety of performance and financial measures, including principal growth in net sales, gross profit, gross margin, selling, general and administrative expenses and EBITDA. The key measures that we use to evaluate the performance of our business are set forth below.
Net Sales
We generate revenue from sales of our EVs, their accessories and spare parts, and provision of repair services at our retail stores. Our net sales comprise gross sales net of discounts and return allowances. We do not record sales taxes as a component of retail revenues as we consider it a pass-through conduit for collecting and remitting sales taxes. Return allowances, which reduce net revenues, are estimated based on historical experience.
E-bikes, E-motorcycles and E-scooters sales. We generate a substantial majority of our revenues from sales of E-bikes, E-motorcycles and E-scooters directly to customers through our online store and retail stores, and to our distributors.
Accessories and spare parts sales. We also sell accessories and spare parts for our EVs, such as rear storage boxes and front baskets. In addition, we offer Fly E-Bike branded accessories and general merchandise, such as decorative car plates, key chains and apparel.
Service revenues. We also provide repair services at our retail stores for a fee. The Company operates rental business primarily from the Go Fly rental mobile app and selected Fly E-Bike stores that provide users with a flexible and affordable e-bike rental option.
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Cost of Sales
Cost of sales includes product costs, warehouse rent expenses, payroll costs, depreciation costs, inventory reserves, warranty costs, and logistic costs. The logistic costs incurred to receive products from our vendors are included in our inventory and recognized as cost of sales upon sale of products to our customers.
Gross Profit and Gross Margin
We calculate gross profit as net sales less cost of revenue. Gross margin represents gross profit as a percentage of net sales.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of retail operational expenses, salaries and benefits costs, marketing, advertising, and corporate overhead.
Marketing costs primarily consist of advertising and payroll and related expenses for personnel engaged in marketing and selling activities.
We expect that our selling and marketing expenses will decrease in the foreseeable future, as more retail stores are expected to be sold with reduced selling and marketing activities.
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of costs for corporate functions, including payroll and related expenses, facilities and equipment expenses, such as depreciation and amortization expense and rent, and professional fees. We expect that our general and administrative will decrease in the foreseeable future, as more retail stores are expected to be sold with reduced general and administrative activities.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement our financial information presented in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (the “U.S. GAAP”), management periodically uses certain “non-GAAP financial measures,” as such term is defined under the rules of the SEC, to clarify and enhance understanding of past performance and prospects for the future. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s operating performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes or includes amounts that are included in or excluded from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. For example, non-GAAP measures may exclude the impact of certain items such as acquisitions, divestitures, gains, losses and impairments, or items outside of management’s control. Management believes that the following non-GAAP financial measure provides investors and analysts useful insight into our financial position and operating performance. Any non-GAAP measure provided should be viewed in addition to, and not as an alternative to, the most directly comparable measure determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Further, the calculation of these non-GAAP financial measures may differ from the calculation of similarly titled financial measures presented by other companies and therefore may not be comparable among companies.
We use EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) to evaluate our operating performance. We believe EBITDA provides additional insight into our underlying, ongoing operating performance and facilitates year-to-year comparisons by excluding the earnings impact of interest, tax, depreciation and amortization and that presenting EBITDA is more representative of our operational performance and may be more useful for investors.
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We reconcile our non-GAAP financial measure to our net income, which is our most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. EBITDA includes adjustments for provision for income taxes, as applicable, interest income and expense, depreciation, and amortization. EBITDA does not represent and should not be considered an alternative to net income as determined by U.S. GAAP, and our calculations thereof may not be comparable to those reported by other companies. We believe EBITDA is an important measure of operating performance and provides useful information to investors because it highlights trends in our business that may not otherwise be apparent when relying solely on U.S. GAAP measures and because it eliminates items that have less bearing on our operating performance. EBITDA, as presented herein, is a supplemental measure of our performance that is not required by, or presented in accordance with, U.S. GAAP. We use non-GAAP financial measures as supplements to our U.S. GAAP results in order to provide a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting our business. EBITDA is a measure of operating performance that is not defined by U.S. GAAP and should not be considered a substitute for net (loss) income as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
EBITDA along with a reconciliation to net income is shown within the Results of Operations below.
Results of Operations for the Years Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025
The following table sets forth the components of our results of operations for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| Percentage | ||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | Change | Change | |||||||||||||
| Revenues, Net | $ | 19,063,357 | $ | 25,427,163 | $ | (6,363,806 | ) | (25.0 | )% | |||||||
| Cost of Revenues | 14,404,283 | 14,976,266 | (571,983 | ) | (3.8 | )% | ||||||||||
| Gross Profit | 4,659,074 | 10,450,897 | (5,791,823 | ) | (55.4 | )% | ||||||||||
| Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling Expenses | 3,478,740 | 7,403,374 | (3,924,634 | ) | (53.0 | )% | ||||||||||
| General and Administrative Expenses | 7,618,603 | 7,607,489 | 11,114 | 0.1 | % | |||||||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | 11,097,343 | 15,010,863 | (3,913,520 | ) | (26.1 | )% | ||||||||||
| Loss from Operations | (6,438,269 | ) | (4,559,966 | ) | (1,878,303 | ) | 41.2 | % | ||||||||
| Other Expenses, Net | (684,775 | ) | 10,588 | (695,363 | ) | (6,567.5 | )% | |||||||||
| Interest Expense, Net | (1,806,085 | ) | (405,615 | ) | (1,400,470 | ) | 345.3 | % | ||||||||
| Income Taxes Benefit | (328,679 | ) | (336,166 | ) | 7,487 | (2.2 | )% | |||||||||
| Net Loss | $ | (9,257,808 | ) | $ | (5,291,159 | ) | $ | (3,966,649 | ) | 75.0 | % | |||||
Revenues
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| Percentage | ||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | Change | Change | |||||||||||||
| Sales - Retail | $ | 6,922,972 | $ | 21,725,817 | $ | (14,802,844 | ) | (68.1 | )% | |||||||
| Sales - Wholesale | 11,560,343 | 3,529,479 | 8,030,863 | 227.5 | % | |||||||||||
| Sales - Rental services | 580,042 | 171,867 | 408,175 | 237.5 | % | |||||||||||
| Total Net Revenues | $ | 19,063,357 | $ | 25,427,163 | $ | (6,363,806 | ) | (25.0 | )% | |||||||
For the year ended March 31, 2026, our net revenues decreased by 25.0% to $19.1 million, compared to $25.4 million for the same period in 2025. The decrease in our net revenues was primarily driven by a decrease in sales volume of 16,664 units, from 58,765 units for the year ended March 31, 2025, to 42,101 units for the year ended March 31, 2026, and a decrease in selling prices in order to reduce aged inventory.
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Our retail sales revenue decreased by $14.8 million, or 68.1%, from $21.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2025 to $6.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2026. Our wholesale revenue increased by $8.0 million, or 227.5%, from $3.5 million for the year ended March 31, 2025 to $11.6 million for the year ended March 31, 2026. The decrease in retail sales revenue was primarily attributable to softened consumer demand for E-bicycles and E-scooters, partly driven by safety concerns stemming from lithium-ion battery-related incidents in New York during the period, which prompted some customers to reconsider their purchases and explore alternative transportation options. In addition, the decline was partly due to the closure and disposal of certain retail stores during the year ended March 31, 2026. The increase in wholesale revenue was mainly driven by continued purchases from entities that were disposed of during the same period, as these stores continued to source products from us following the disposals.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues decreased by 3.8%, from $15.0 million for the year ended March 31, 2025, to $14.4 million for the year ended March 31, 2026. The decrease was primarily attributable to the reduction in sales volume resulting from the decrease in the number of retail stores during the year, as discussed above.
Gross Margin The following table shows our gross profit and gross margin for the year ended March 31, 2025 and 2026:
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| Percentage | ||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | Change | Change | |||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | $ | 4,659,074 | $ | 10,450,897 | $ | (5,791,823 | ) | (55.4 | )% | |||||||
| Gross Margin | 24.4 | % | 41.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Gross profit for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was $4.7 million and $10.5 million, respectively. Gross margin was 24.4% and 41.1% for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 respectively. The decrease in gross margin was primarily attributable to lower average selling prices of our EVs implemented to clear aged inventory and an increase in procurement costs driven by upstream price movements, as well as a shift in sales channel mix following the disposal of certain retail stores, which resulted in a higher proportion of wholesale sales and a lower proportion of retail sales — the latter of which typically generates higher margins. These negative factors were partially offset by increased rental services revenue with higher margins than our other businesses, though its contribution remained relatively small. As a result, gross margin decreased by 16.7 percentage points from 41.1% to 24.4% for the year ended March 31, 2026.
Total Operating Expenses
The following table sets forth the components of our total operating expenses for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| Percentage | ||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | Change | Change | |||||||||||||
| Selling Expenses | $ | 3,478,740 | $ | 7,403,374 | $ | (3,924,634 | ) | (53.0 | )% | |||||||
| General and Administrative Expenses | 7,618,603 | 7,607,489 | 11,114 | 0.1 | % | |||||||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | $ | 11,097,343 | $ | 15,010,863 | $ | (3,913,520 | ) | (26.1 | )% | |||||||
| Percentage of Revenue | 58.2 | % | 59.0 | % | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses were $11.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2026, a decrease of $3.9 million, or 26.1%, compared to $15.0 million for the years ended March 31, 2025. The decrease in operating expenses was attributable to the combined effect of (i) reductions in payroll expenses, rent expenses, meals and entertainment expenses, and insurance expenses as a result of the reduction in retail stores and the downsizing of our business operations, partially offset by (ii) increases in warehouse maintenance costs, impairment loss on equipment, and inventory clearance losses, as discussed below.
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Selling Expenses
Selling expenses primarily consist of payroll expenses, rent, utilities, and advertising expenses of retail stores. For the year ended March 31, 2026, selling expenses decreased significantly compared to the prior year, primarily due to the closures and dispositions of retail stores during the year, which reduced the scale of our operations and resulted in lower associated expenses. Payroll expenses were $1.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2026, compared to $3.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2025. Rent expenses were $1.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2026, compared to $2.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2025. Utilities expenses were $0.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2026, compared to $0.2 million for the year ended March 31, 2025. Advertising expenses were $36,604 for the year ended March 31, 2026, compared to $0.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2025.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased during the year ended March 31, 2026 compared to the prior year, primarily due to increases in inventory clearance losses, impairment loss on property and equipment, and repair and maintenance expenses, partially offset by decreases in payroll expenses, meals, entertainment and travel expenses, and insurance expenses. Inventory clearance losses increased to $1.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2026 from nil for the year ended March 31, 2025, primarily attributable to losses incurred from inventory clearance and count processes in connection with the closures and dispositions of retail stores; impairment loss on property and equipment increased to $0.6 million for the year ended March 31, 2026 from nil for the year ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to impairment charges recorded for assets that were idle or no longer expected to generate economic benefits. Payroll expenses decreased to $0.5 million for the year ended March 31, 2026 from $1.5 million for the year ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to headcount reductions in operations and accounting departments; meals, entertainment and travel expenses decreased to $0.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2026 from $0.5 million for the year ended March 31, 2025, primarily as a result of reduced business entertainment and travel activities following the workforce reduction; and insurance expenses decreased to $0.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2026 from $1.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to lower general insurance coverage purchased for closed and disposed retail stores.
Other (Expenses)/ Income, net
Other expenses, net were $0.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2026, compared to other income, net of $10,588 for the year ended March 31, 2025. The change was primarily attributable to the net impact of losses and gains arising from the closure and disposition of retail stores during the year, with losses from store closures and asset disposals partially offset by gains on certain dispositions, resulting in a net expense.
Interest expenses, net
Interest expenses, net were $1.8 million for the year ended March 31, 2026, an increase of $1.4 million from $0.4 million for the year ended March 31, 2025. This increase was primarily attributable to interest expenses incurred on new borrowings from financial institutions to fund our business operations, as well as extension fees paid for certain loan renewals and the higher average annual interest rates following such renewals.
Income Tax Provisions
Income tax provision was $0.33 million for the year ended March 31, 2026, a change from $0.34 million income tax provision for the year ended March 31, 2025. This change was primarily due to our pre-tax loss for the year ended March 31, 2026.
Net Loss
Net loss was $9.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2026, an increase of $4.0 million, or 75.0%, from net loss of $5.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2025, which was mainly attributable to the reasons discussed above.
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EBITDA
The following table sets forth the components of our EBITDA for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| Percentage | ||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | Change | Change | |||||||||||||
| Net Loss | $ | (9,257,808 | ) | $ | (5,291,159 | ) | $ | (3,966,649 | ) | 75.0 | % | |||||
| Income Tax Provision | 328,679 | 336,166 | (7,487 | ) | (2.2 | )% | ||||||||||
| Depreciation | 719,383 | 631,280 | 88,103 | 14.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Interest Expenses | 1,806,085 | 405,615 | 1,400,470 | 345.3 | % | |||||||||||
| Amortization | 110,149 | 65,091 | 45,058 | 69.2 | % | |||||||||||
| EBITDA | $ | (6,293,512 | ) | $ | (3,853,007 | ) | $ | (2,440,505 | ) | 63.3 | % | |||||
| Percentage of Revenue | (33.0 | )% | (15.2 | )% | (17.8 | )% | ||||||||||
Before interest expenses, income tax, depreciation, and amortization, for the year ended March 31, 2026, our net loss was approximately $6.3 million, an increase of approximately $2.4 million, compared to net loss of $3.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2025, which was mainly attributable to the decrease in revenue and selling expenses and increase in general and administrative expenses described above. The ratio of EBITDA to revenue was negative 33.0% and negative 15.2% for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of March 31, 2026, we had cash of $0.3 million. We had working capital of $10.0 million and $1.3 million as of March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. We had net loss of $9.3 million and $5.3 million for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. During the year ended March 31, 2026, net cash used in operating activities of the Company was approximately $13.8 million. As of March 31, 2026, the Company had a current portion of contractual obligation of approximately $5.5 million, including short-term loan payables of approximately $3.9 million, current portion of long-term loan payables of approximately $0.1 million, and current portion of operating lease liabilities of approximately $1.5 million.
We have funded our working capital and other capital requirements in the past primarily by equity contributions from our stockholders and net proceeds received from IPO and equity financing, cash flow from operations, and bank loans. Our ability to repay our current obligation will depend on the future realization of our current assets. Management has considered the historical experience, the economy, trends in the retail industry, the expected collectability of the accounts receivable and the realization of the inventories as of March 31, 2026. Our ability to continue to fund working capital and other capital requirements may be affected by general economic, competitive and other factors, many of which are outside of our control.
On June 4, 2025, the Company issued 285,956 shares of common stock, at a price of $24.28 per share in its follow-on public offering for gross proceeds of $6.9 million, prior to deducting the placement agent’s fees and offering expenses payable by the Company.
On September 18, 2025, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with third-party individuals offering of (i) 687,500 shares of the common stock at the price of $16.0 per share for a total consideration of $11,000,000. During the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company received net proceeds of $10,996,558 from the investors.
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As of March 31, 2026, the Company had working capital of approximately $10.0 million and cash of approximately $0.3 million. The main cash outflow for the year ended March 31, 2026 was from net loss of $9.3 million, a decrease in accounts payable of $0.8 million, an increase in accounts receivable of $6.8 million, a decrease in inventory of $1.9 million, and a decrease in prepayments and other receivables of $0.9 million. The Company became default of repayment for loan with Peapack-Gladstone Bank since August 31, 2025. During the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company paid $1,000,000, $669,725 and $117,921 on principal, interest and forbearance fee of the loan, respectively. The Company entered into forbearance and modification agreement with the bank on November 7, 2025 for extension of repayment deadline with interest rate of 12.875% to March 31, 2026. Subsequent to the execution of the forbearance agreement, the Company has received written notices from Peapack Private Bank asserting defaults and reserving the lender’s rights to pursue remedies under the applicable loan documents. The Company entered into a forbearance and modification agreement with the bank on May 28, 2026, extending the repayment deadline to June 30, 2026, at an interest rate of 12.875%, and the agreement requires the Company to pay $123,877 in interest and a $4,000 forbearance fee in respect of the loan. As of July 23, 2026, the Company is in ongoing negotiations with the bank for a renewal. These factors raise substantial doubt as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. For the next 12 months from the issuance date of this report, we plan to alleviate the going concern risk through (i) equity financing to support the Company’s working capital; (ii) other available sources of financing (including debt) from banks and other financial institutions; and (iii) financial support from the Company’s related parties. The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. In the event that financing sources are not available, or that we are unsuccessful in increasing our gross profit margin and reducing operating losses, we may be unable to implement our current plans for expansion, repay debt obligations or respond to competitive pressures, any of which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and may materially adversely affect our ability to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments related to the recoverability and classification of recorded assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities or any other adjustments that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.
Our accounts receivable represent primarily accounts receivable from distributors that purchased our EVs and other products. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, our accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, was $7.0 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Our accounts receivable turnover period increased from 71 days in the year ended March 31, 2025 to 72 days in the year ended March 31, 2026 which was mainly attributable to the relaxation of credit policies to customers.
Our accounts payable represent primarily accounts payable to suppliers from whom we purchased accessories and components for our products. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, our accounts payable were $0.4 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Our accounts payable turnover period decreased to 29 days for the year ended March 31, 2026 from 33 days for the year ended March 31, 2025, which was primarily due to the Company’s accelerated payments to certain suppliers. The company pay invoices more promptly to ensure continued favorable terms and reliable service.
Our prepayments and other receivables primarily represent prepayments to vendors and other service providers. These prepayments and receivables increased by $3.3 million, from $3.7 million as of March 31, 2025, to $7.0 million as of March 31, 2026. This significant increase is mainly due to receivables arising from the disposal of certain subsidiaries.
Our inventories primarily include our EVs, their accessories and spare parts. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, our inventories, net of allowance, were $2.3 million and $6.4 million, respectively. The decrease in inventories was primarily due to those inventories held by stores classified as assets held for sale. Our inventory turnover days decreased to 111 days in the year ended March 31, 2026, from 143 days in the year ended March 31, 2025, which was primarily due to optimized inventory management and enhanced operational efficiency.
As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the total outstanding amount of loan principal was $6.0 million and $7.4 million, respectively. For the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the interest expenses on our loans amounted to $1.8 million and $0.4 million, respectively. See Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included within this report for further information on details of our outstanding loans.
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The following table summarizes our cash flow data for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025:
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Net Cash Used in Operating Activities | $ | (13,849,914 | ) | $ | (10,059,466 | ) | ||
| Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | (2,485,792 | ) | (2,901,272 | ) | ||||
| Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities | 15,685,480 | 12,486,104 | ||||||
| Net changes in cash including cash classified within current assets held for sale | $ | (650,226 | ) | $ | (474,634 | ) | ||
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended March 31, 2026 was $13.8 million, which was due to net loss of $9.3 million, amortization of right-of-use assets of $1.9 million, impairment loss on property, and equipment of 0.6 million, depreciation expense of 0.7 million, amortization expense of 0.1 million, inventory reserve of 0.5 million, a decrease in inventories of $1.9 million, a decrease in prepayments and other receivables of $0.6 million, a decrease in accounts payable of $0.8 million, a decrease in accrued expenses and other payables of $0.5 million, and a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $1.7 million, partially offset by gain on disposal of subsidiaries of $1.6 million, an increase in accounts receivable of $6.8 million, and an increase in taxes payable of $0.1 million.
Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended March 31, 2025 was $10.1 million, which was due to net loss of $5.3 million, a decrease in tax payable of $1.5 million, an increase in inventories of $2.7 million, a decrease in operating lease liabilities of $4.8 million, and an increase in prepayments and other receivables of $2.7 million, partially offset by amortization of right-of-use assets of $5.1 million, an increase in accrued expenses and other payables of $0.5 million, and a decrease in accounts receivables-related parties of $0.2 million.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $2.5 million for the year ended March 31, 2026, which was due to prepayment for software development of $1.8 million, advance to a related party of $0.2 million, and cash released from disposal of entities of $0.4 million.
Net cash used in investing activities was $2.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2025, which was due to purchase of properties and equipment of $1.6 million, purchase of GO FLY App and computer hardware and software from a related party of $1.4 million, and the advance to a related party of $0.5 million, and partially offset by the repayment from a related party of $0.7 million.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $15.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2026, which consisted of net proceeds from our follow-on public offering and private placement offering of $17.4 million, and loan proceeds of $2.0 million, partially offset by repayments of loans of $3.1 million and payment of public offering costs of $0.5 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $12.5 million for the year ended March 31, 2025, which consisted of net proceeds from the IPO of $9.2 million, and loan proceeds of $7.4 million, partially offset by repayments of loans of $3.7 million and payment of IPO costs of $0.3 million.
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Commitments and Contractual Obligations
The following table presents our material contractual obligations as of March 31, 2026:
| Less than | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Contractual Obligations | Total | 1 year | 1 – 2 years | 3 – 5 years | Thereafter | |||||||||||||||
| Operating Lease Obligations and Others | $ | 4,809,665 | $ | 1,507,340 | $ | 1,663,771 | $ | 1,638,554 | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Loan Payables | 5,975,480 | 4,029,893 | 40,631 | 32,989 | 1,871,967 | |||||||||||||||
| Total Contractual Obligations | $ | 10,785,145 | $ | 5,537,233 | $ | 1,704,402 | $ | 1,671,543 | $ | 1,871,967 | ||||||||||
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any transactions, agreements or other contractual arrangements that would result in off-balance sheet liabilities.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Foreign Exchange Risk
A substantial majority of all of our revenues and expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars. We do not believe that we currently have any significant direct foreign exchange risk and have not used any derivative financial instruments to hedge exposure to such risk. In addition, as our business and operation expand in European and other overseas markets in the future, we may be exposed to increased foreign exchange risks for other currencies.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to the interest expenses on our short-term and long-term loan payables. Our short-term and long-term loan payables bear interest at fixed rates. We have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in market interest rates. However, our future interest expenses may exceed expectations due to changes in market interest rates. If we were to renew these short-term and long-term loan payables, we might be subject to interest rate risk.
Critical Accounting Estimates
An accounting estimate is considered critical if it requires to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time such estimate is made, and if different accounting estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the consolidated financial statements.
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions. We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, our own historical experiences and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from our expectations as a result of changes in our estimates. Some of our accounting policies require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application and require us to make significant accounting estimates.
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Estimated Allowance for Inventory Obsolescence Reserve
Our estimated allowance for the inventory obsolescence reserves is based on our assessment of realization of inventory. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventories to the estimated net realizable value due to slow-moving merchandise and obsolescence, which is dependent upon factors such as inventory aging, historical and forecasted consumer demand, and market conditions that impact pricing. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, we recorded inventory reserves balance of $859,193 and $1,107,569, respectively.
Estimated Allowance for Expected Credit Losses
Our estimated allowance for expected credit losses is based on our assessment of collectability of accounts receivable. Adjustments are recorded to estimate expected credit losses over the contractual life of receivables under the current expected credit loss model, which is dependent upon factors such as aging schedule of receivables, migration rate of receivables, assessment of receivables due from specific identifiable counterparties that are considered at risk or uncollectible, current market conditions, as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, we recorded allowance for expected credit losses of $217,479 and $116,746, respectively.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (together, the “Certifying Officers”), to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Certifying Officers, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based on the foregoing, our Certifying Officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report due to the material weakness identified below.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses that have been identified in internal control over financial reporting included our lack of (i) sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the “U.S. GAAP”) and SEC reporting requirements to properly address complex U.S. GAAP accounting issues and to prepare and review our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures to fulfill U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements, (ii) formal internal control policies and internal independent supervision functions to establish formal risk assessment process and internal control framework, and (iii) sufficient controls designed and implemented in IT environment and IT general control activities, which are mainly associated with areas of logical access management, change management, computer operation, service organization management as well as cyber security management. To remediate the material weaknesses, we have engaged a third-party consultant to perform internal review and assist us to set up more reliable internal control processes. The consultant commenced work in February 2025. We have begun organizing regular training programs for our accounting personnel, with a focus on U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements, in order to improve the competence and awareness of our finance team. In addition, we plan to enhance our IT infrastructure by outsourcing our IT department to a provider to manage PC operations and system monitoring. Furthermore, we are developing and plan to implement an enterprise resource planning system to streamline sales, inventory, financial reporting, and order management. We will devote resources to remediate these material weaknesses as we grow and such resources required for implementing proper internal controls for financial reporting are available. We have performed testing to evaluate the operating effectiveness of these remediation measures. Based on the results of our testing, we concluded that these material weaknesses had not been fully remediated as of March 31, 2026. Accordingly, we continue to consider these material weaknesses to be ongoing as of that date.
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As of March 31, 2026, we believe that our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective in providing reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting due to the material weaknesses identified above.
We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all disclosure controls and procedures, no evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures can provide absolute assurance that we have detected all our control deficiencies and instances of fraud, if any. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this Report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Not applicable.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The information required by this item appears beginning on page F-1 of this annual report and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosures
On March 6, 2026, the Audit Committee of the Company (i) approved the dismissal of Marcum Asia CPAs LLP (“Marcum Asia”) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm and (ii) appointed Fortune CPA, Inc. (“Fortune”) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm to conduct an quarter review of the Company’s financial statements at December 31, 2025, and audit the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026.
The audit reports of Marcum Asia on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles, except for an explanatory paragraph related to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, and the subsequent interim period through March 6, 2026, there were no: (i) “disagreements,” as that term is defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933 with Marcum Asia on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the satisfaction of Marcum Asia, would have caused Marcum Asia to make reference to the subject matter of such disagreements in connection with its audit reports on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, or (ii) reportable events within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K, , other than the material weaknesses as reported in its Form 10-K filed with the SEC on July 15, 2025. Such material weaknesses related to our lack of (i) sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the “U.S. GAAP”) and SEC reporting requirements to properly address complex U.S. GAAP accounting issues and to prepare and review our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures to fulfill U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements, (ii) formal internal control policies and internal independent supervision functions to establish formal risk assessment process and internal control framework, and (iii) sufficient controls designed and implemented in IT environment and IT general control activities, which are mainly associated with areas of logical access management, change management, computer operation, service organization management as well as cyber security management.
During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, and the subsequent interim period through March 6, 2026, neither the Company nor anyone on the Company’s behalf consulted with Fortune with respect to either (i)(a) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or (b) the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided by Fortune to the Company that Fortune concluded was an important factor that the Company consider in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing or financial reporting issue, or (ii) any other matter that was the subject of a “disagreement” or a “reportable event” (as these terms are defined in Item 304(a)(1) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions).
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Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2025. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2025 due to the material weaknesses in financial reporting as described below.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
In our 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2026, we identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. The material weaknesses that have been identified in internal control over financial reporting included our lack of (i) sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (the “U.S. GAAP”) and SEC reporting requirements to properly address complex U.S. GAAP accounting issues and to prepare and review our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures to fulfill U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements, (ii) formal internal control policies and internal independent supervision functions to establish formal risk assessment process and internal control framework, and (iii) sufficient controls designed and implemented in IT environment and IT general control activities, which are mainly associated with areas of logical access management, change management, computer operation, service organization management as well as cyber security management. To remediate the material weaknesses, we have engaged a third party consultant to perform internal review and assist us to set up more reliable internal control processes. The consultant commenced work in February 2025. We have begun organizing regular training programs for our accounting personnel, with a focus on U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements, in order to improve the competence and awareness of our finance team. In addition, we plan to enhance our IT infrastructure by outsourcing our IT department to a provider to manage PC operations and system monitoring. Furthermore, we are developing and plan to implement an enterprise resource planning system to streamline sales, inventory, financial reporting, and order management. We will devote resources to remediate these material weaknesses as we grow and such resources required for implementing proper internal controls for financial reporting are available.
We have performed testing to evaluate the operating effectiveness of these remediation measures. Based on the results of our testing, we concluded that these material weaknesses had not been fully remediated as of March 31, 2026. Accordingly, we continue to consider these material weaknesses to be ongoing as of that date.
As of March 31, 2026, we believe that our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective in providing reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting due to the material weaknesses identified above.
This annual report on Form 10-K does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Other than the additional controls added to the revenue process, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of March 31, 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Our management recognizes that any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain judgments and assumptions and cannot provide absolute assurance that its objectives will be met. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs. Similarly, an evaluation of controls cannot provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected.
Item 9B.
We have adopted an insider trading policy. Our insider trading policy is filed as an exhibit to this annual report and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdiction that Prevent Inspections.
Not applicable.
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Part III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Executive Officers and Directors
Set forth below is certain information with respect to our directors and executive officers:
| Name | Age | Position | |||
| Zhou Ou | 36 | Chief Executive Officer | |||
| Lisa Fan | 46 | Director and Chief Financial Officer | |||
| Leqi Dong | 37 | Director | |||
| Dongperez Hua | 64 | Director | |||
| Chun Min (Max) Lin | 54 | Director |
Set forth below is biographical information about each of the individuals named in the table above:
Zhou Ou, Founder, Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Ou founded Fly E-Bike in 2018 and has since served as our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). Before founding Fly E-Bike, Mr. Ou operated a motorcycle repair business for over eight years, and previously held a managerial position at a food delivery company. We believe that Mr. Ou’s prior experience in the motorcycle industry and his understanding of the delivery industry, combined with his tenure at our company, qualifies him to serve as our CEO.
Lisa Fan, Director and Chief Financial Officer. Ms. Fan has served as our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) and a member of our board of directors since September 2025. Ms. Fan has served as a financial consultant at Baizan Consulting Firm from May 2022 to May 2025 where she led financial structuring and initial-public-offering readiness planning for private enterprises. Before that, she was the Director of Internal Audit at Souche Group from July 2019 to April 2022 where she managed the financial system reconstruction and internal control compliance, and intermediary coordination and data preparation for listing for both U.S. and Hong Kong markets. Ms. Fan earned her bachelor’s degree from Zhejiang Institute of Finance and Economics in 2000. Ms. Fan holds a certificate from Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants.
Leqi Dong, Director. Mr. Dong has served as a member of our board of directors since September 2025, and serves as the Chairman of our Audit Committee. Mr. Dong has served as the real estate bridge loan originator and fund manager at Golden Harbor Capital LLC since September 2018, where he founded and managed a private real estate debt fund. Mr. Dong earned his bachelor’s degree from Brauch College, Zichlin School of Business in 2013.
Dongperez Hua, Director. Mr. Hua has served as a member of our board of directors since October 2025, and serves as the Chairman of our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Mr. Hua has served as the senior manager to Joyor Vehicles Co., Ltd. from November 2015 to December 2024 where he managed the research, development, manufacturing and sales of electric vehicles, led more than 100 staffs, and supported the company’s expansion to Europe and North America. Mr. Hua earned his bachelor’s degree of Business Administration degree from Zhuhai College of Science & Engineering in 1995.
Chun Min (Max) Lin, Director. Mr. Lin has served as a member of our board of directors since October 2025, and serves as the Chairman of our Compensation Committee. Mr. Lin has served as the product director for Spinnr Tech Ltd. from September 2022 to present. Prior to that, Mr. Lin served as the product director for Royce Tech Ltd. from June 2020 to August 2022. Mr. Lin earned his master’s degree in graphic communication management and technology from New York University in 2022 and his bachelor’s degree in advertising and strategic marketing from Ming Chuan University (Taiwan) in 1999.
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Information about the Board of Directors
Our board of directors oversees our business and affairs and monitors the performance of management. In accordance with corporate governance principles, the board does not involve itself in day-to-day operations. The directors keep themselves informed through discussions with our CEO and other key executives, by reading the reports and other materials that we send them, and by participating in board and committee meetings.
Directors hold office for a term expiring at the next Annual Shareholders’ Meeting (“ASM”) and until their successors have been elected and qualified or until he or she resigns or have been removed or disqualified. The position of each director is up for re-election each year at the ASM. Our amended and restated bylaws also provide that, subject to any rights of holders of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the number of directors will be fixed exclusively pursuant to a resolution adopted by our board of directors.
Committees of the Board of Directors
We have established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee and a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. We have adopted a charter for each of the three committees. Each committee’s members and functions are described below.
Audit Committee. Our Audit Committee consists of three independent directors. The members of the Audit Committee are Leqi Dong, Dongperez Hua, and Chun Min (Max) Lin, with Leqi Dong serving as the committee chair. The Audit Committee consists exclusively of directors who are financially literate. Leqi Dong is considered an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the SEC’s rules and regulations.
The Audit Committee responsibilities include:
| ● | overseeing the compensation and work of and performance by our independent auditor and any other registered public accounting firm performing audit, review or attestation services for us; |
| ● | engaging, retaining and terminating our independent auditor and determining the terms thereof; |
| ● | assessing the qualifications, performance and independence of the independent auditor; |
| ● | evaluating whether the provision of permitted non-audit services is compatible with maintaining the auditor’s independence; |
| ● | reviewing and discussing the audit results, including any comments and recommendations of the independent auditor and the responses of management to such recommendations; |
| ● | reviewing and discussing the annual and quarterly financial statements with management and the independent auditor; |
| ● | producing a committee report for inclusion in applicable SEC filings; |
| ● | reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of internal controls and procedures; |
| ● | establishing procedures regarding the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received regarding the accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters and conducting or authorizing investigations into any matters within the scope of the responsibility of the Audit Committee; and |
| ● | reviewing transactions with related persons for potential conflict of interest situations. |
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Compensation Committee. Our Compensation Committee consists of three independent directors. The members of the Compensation Committee are Leqi Dong, Dongperez Hua, and Chun Min (Max) Lin, with Chun Min (Max) Lin serving as the committee chair. The committee has primary responsibility for:
| ● | reviewing and recommending all elements and amounts of compensation for each executive officer, including any performance goals applicable to those executive officers; |
| ● | reviewing and recommending for approval the adoption, any amendment and termination of all cash and equity-based incentive compensation plans; |
| ● | once required by applicable law, causing to be prepared a committee report for inclusion in applicable SEC filings; |
| ● | approving any employment agreements, severance agreements or change of control agreements that are entered into with the CEO and certain executive officers; and |
| ● | reviewing and recommending the level and form of non-employee director compensation and benefits. |
Nominating and Governance Committee. The Nominating and Governance Committee consists of three independent directors. The members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are Leqi Dong, Dongperez Hua, and Chun Min (Max) Lin, with Dongperez Hua serving as the committee chair. The Nominating and Governance Committee’s responsibilities include:
| ● | recommending persons for election as directors by the stockholders; |
| ● | recommending persons for appointment as directors to the extent necessary to fill any vacancies or newly created directorships; |
| ● | reviewing annually the skills and characteristics required of directors and each incumbent director’s continued service on the board; |
| ● | reviewing any stockholder proposals and nominations for directors; |
| ● | advising the board of directors on the appropriate structure and operations of the board and its committees; |
| ● | reviewing and recommending standing board committee assignments; |
| ● | developing and recommending to the board Corporate Governance Guidelines, a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and other corporate governance policies and programs and reviewing such guidelines, code and any other policies and programs at least annually; | |
| ● | making recommendations to the board as to determinations of director independence; and |
| ● | making recommendations to the board regarding corporate governance based upon developments, trends, and best practices. |
The Nominating and Governance Committee will consider stockholder recommendations for candidates for the board of directors.
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Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
None of our directors and executive officers have been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:
| ● | any bankruptcy petition filed by or against such person or any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the time of the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time; | |
| ● | any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses); | |
| ● | being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining him from or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities or to be associated with any person practicing in banking or securities activities; | |
| ● | being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action, the SEC or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated; | |
| ● | being subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or | |
| ● | being subject of or party to any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization, any registered entity or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member. |
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
We have adopted a written code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A copy of the code is made available in the Corporate Governance section of our website, which is located at flyebike.com. Our stockholders are also able to review these documents by accessing our public filings at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. If we make any substantive amendments to, or grant any waivers from, the code of business conduct and ethics for any officer or director, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on our website or in a current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC.
Trading Policies
On May 3, 2024, we
Clawback Policy
Our board of directors has adopted a clawback policy that covers our executive officers, who are defined as our chief executive officer, president, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer (or the controller, if no such accounting officer exists), any vice-president in charge of a significant principal business unit, division, or function (such as sales, administration, or finance), and any other officer or person who performs a policy-making function.
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This clawback policy pertains to incentive-based compensation, which includes any compensation that is granted, earned, or vested wholly or in part based on the achievement of a financial reporting measure. It mandates the recovery of such compensation from an executive officer in cases where we must prepare an accounting restatement due to material noncompliance with U.S. financial reporting requirements under the securities laws. This includes any necessary restatement to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is material to those statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected.
The Compensation Committee will make determinations regarding “materiality” for the purposes of this policy.
The incentive-based compensation eligible for recovery under this policy includes compensation received during the three completed fiscal years immediately preceding the date we are required to prepare an accounting restatement, as outlined above. This applies provided that the individual served as an executive officer at any time during the performance period relevant to the incentive-based compensation.
Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires the Company’s officers, directors and persons who beneficially own more than ten percent of its common stock to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC. These reporting persons are also required to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file. Based solely on our review of such forms furnished to us, we believe that the applicable reporting requirements of Section 16(a) have been satisfied.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The following table shows the compensation awarded to or earned during the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 by our chief executive officer. Other than as listed below, we did not have any officers that received more than $100,000 in compensation during the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The person listed in the following table is referred to herein as the “named executive officer.”
| Name and principal position | Year | Salary | Bonus | Stock Awards | Option Awards | All Other Compensation | Total ($) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhou Ou | 2026 | $ | 100,000 | — | — | — | — | $ | 100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | 2025 | $ | 100,000 | — | — | — | — | $ | 100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
Narrative Disclosure to Summary Compensation Table
Zhou Ou, Chief Executive Officer
Mr. Ou has entered into an employment agreement with one of our subsidiaries, FLYEBIKE Inc, dated April 1, 2023. Under the agreement, Mr. Zhou Ou serves as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company and receives a monthly base salary of $8,333. He is also entitled to reimbursement for authorized and reasonable business expenses. The agreement allows for at-will termination by either party. If Mr. Ou’s employment is terminated due to death or disability, he or his estate will receive salary and benefits through the termination date. The Company may terminate the agreement for cause, releasing it from all further obligations except for accrued salary and benefits through the termination date. “Cause” includes failure or neglect by Mr. Ou to perform duties, disobedience to orders, misconduct such as misappropriation of funds, personal profit from Company transactions, misrepresentation, legal violations, acts involving moral turpitude or unethical conduct, disloyalty including aiding a competitor, failure to devote full-time efforts to the Company, not working exclusively for the Company, non-cooperation in investigations, breaches of the employment agreement or the Company rules, and any other act of misconduct or omission. The agreement includes covenants for non-disclosure, non-solicitation, and non-competition. For two years post-termination, Mr. Ou agrees not to solicit the Company’s customers or engage in competing business activities within New York State.
In order to support our operations and allocate more resources towards our development, Mr. Ou received compensation at the level of a store manager for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
Outstanding Option Awards
As of March 31, 2026, there were no option or stock awards outstanding.
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Employee Benefit Plans
2024 Plan
On May 3, 2024, our Board approved the Fly-E Group Inc. 2024 Omnibus Incentive Plan, subject to stockholder approval. On February 10, 2025, our Board approved Amendment No. 1 of the plan (“Amendment No. 1”) to increase the number of shares available for grant under the plan and add a provision providing for an automatic increase to the plan’s share reserve every year, commencing on April 1, 2026, and continuing on the first day of each of the Company’s fiscal years through the tenth anniversary of the plan’s effective date (the 2024 Omnibus Incentive Plan, as amended by Amendment No. 1, the “2024 Plan”). On March 10, 2025, the Company’s stockholders approved and adopted the 2024 Plan.
The following is a summary of the material terms of the 2024 Plan.
Plan Administration
The 2024 Plan will be administered by our Compensation Committee. Our board of directors will retain the authority under the 2024 Plan to exercise any or all of the powers and authorities related to the administration and implementation of the 2024 Plan.
Award Eligibility
Awards under the 2024 Plan may be made to our or any of our affiliates’ employees, officers and directors, as well as to consultants and advisors currently providing services to us or any of our affiliates at the time of such award. As of the date of this annual report, the Company engages approximately 55 employees, four (4) officers, five (5) directors, and five (5) consultants and advisers.
Shares Subject to the 2024 Plan
Subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the 2024 Plan, the number of shares of our common stock available for issuance under the 2024 Plan is the sum of (A) 740,000, plus (B) an increase commencing on April 1, 2026, and continuing annually on each anniversary thereof until the tenth anniversary of the plan effective date, equal to the lesser of (i) 8% of the total number of all classes of the Company’s common stock outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year and (ii) such smaller number of shares as determined by the Board or the Committee (the “Share Limit”).
Reversion of Shares
If any shares covered by an award are not purchased or are forfeited or expire, or if any award otherwise terminates without delivery of any shares subject to the award or is settled in cash in lieu of shares, then the number of shares counted against the Share Limit with respect to such award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture, termination, expiration or settlement, again be available for issuance under the 2024 Plan.
Awards
The 2024 Plan provides for the grant of awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted stock, restricted stock units, deferred stock units, unrestricted stock, dividend equivalent rights, and other equity-based awards.
Stock Options
Stock options granted under the 2024 Plan may be nonqualified stock options or incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Each option will become vested and exercisable at such times and under such conditions as our Compensation Committee may approve consistent with the terms of the 2024 Plan. No option may be exercisable more than ten years after the option grant date. Our Compensation Committee may include in the option agreement provisions specifying the period during which an option may be exercised following termination of the grantee’s service.
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The exercise price per share of our common stock for each option granted under the 2024 Plan may not be less than 100%, or 110% in the case of an incentive stock option granted to a stockholder who owns more than ten percent of our voting stock, of the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the option grant date, except in the case of an option granted upon assumption of, or in substitution for, outstanding awards previously granted under a compensatory plan by a business entity acquired or to be acquired by us or an affiliate of ours or with which we or an affiliate has combined or will combine. Payment of the exercise price for shares purchased pursuant to the exercise of an option may be made in such forms as are approved by our Compensation Committee. These forms may include, in our Compensation Committee’s discretion, cash, cash equivalents, shares of our common stock and net issuance.
Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, and Deferred Stock Units
Restricted stock is an award of our common stock on which vesting restrictions are imposed that subject such shares of our common stock to a substantial risk of forfeiture, as defined in Section 83 of the Code. A restricted stock unit is an award that represents a conditional right to receive shares of our common stock in the future and that may be made subject to the same types of restrictions and risk of forfeiture as restricted stock. A deferred stock unit is a restricted stock unit that may be settled at some point in the future at a time or times consistent with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code.
Stock Appreciation Rights
A SAR is a right to receive upon exercise, in the form of common stock, cash or a combination of common stock and cash, the excess of the fair market value of one share of common stock on the exercise date over the grant price of the SAR. SARs may be granted in conjunction with all or a part of any option or other award granted under the 2024 Plan, or without regard to any option or other award. Upon exercise of a SAR, the holder will be entitled to receive, in the specified form of consideration, the excess of the fair market value of one share of our common stock on the exercise date over the exercise price of the SAR, as determined by our Compensation Committee. The exercise price of a SAR may not be less than the fair market value of a share of our common stock on the grant date.
Dividend Equivalent Rights
Dividend equivalent rights entitle the grantee to receive cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of both equal to the amount of that the grantee would have received had the grantee held a specified number of shares of our common stock during the period. Dividend equivalent rights may be granted independently or in connection with the grant of any equity-based award, except that no dividend equivalent right may be granted in connection with, or related to an option or SAR.
Other Equity-Based Awards
Our Compensation Committee may grant other types of equity-based or equity-related awards in such amounts and subject to such terms and conditions as our Compensation Committee may determine, including unrestricted stock and dividend equivalent rights which are described in more detail in the 2024 Plan.
Changes to Capital Structure
In the event of a merger, reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, stock split, reverse stock split, spin-off combination of shares, exchange of shares, stock dividend or other distribution payable in capital stock, or other increase or decrease in such shares effected without the receipt of consideration by us, then the number and kind of shares for which grants of options and other awards may be made under the 2024 Plan may be adjusted proportionately and accordingly by our Compensation Committee.
Change of Control
Except as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement, upon the occurrence of a change of control of our Company in which outstanding awards are not being assumed or continued, all outstanding shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units, deferred stock units, dividend equivalent rights and performance-based awards will be deemed to have vested and any underlying shares of our common stock will be deemed delivered immediately before the change of control; and either or both of the following actions shall be taken: (i) at our Compensation Committee’s discretion, all options and SARs will become exercisable fifteen days before the change of control (with any exercise of an option or SAR during such fifteen day period to be contingent upon the consummation of the change of control) and terminate upon the change of control to the extent not exercised; and/or (ii) at our Compensation Committee’s discretion, all options, SARs, shares of restricted stock, restricted stock units, deferred stock units, dividend equivalent rights and/or performance-based awards will be canceled and cashed out in connection with the change of control. Other equity-based awards will be governed by the terms of the applicable award agreement.
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If we experience a change of control in which outstanding awards that are not exercised prior to the change of control will be assumed or continued by the surviving entity, then, except as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement, in another agreement with the grantee, or as otherwise set forth in writing, upon the occurrence of the change of control, the 2024 Plan and the awards granted under the 2024 Plan will continue in the manner and under the terms so provided in the event of the change of control to the extent that provision is made in writing in connection with such change of control for the assumption or continuation of such awards, or for the substitution for such awards with new awards, with appropriate adjustments as to the number of shares (disregarding any consideration that is not common stock) and exercise prices of options and SARs.
Plan Amendment and Termination
The Compensation Committee may adopt, amend and rescind rules relating to the administration of the 2024 Plan, and our board of directors may amend, suspend, or terminate the 2024 Plan at any time; provided, that, no such amendment or termination will be made that materially and adversely impairs the rights of any participant with respect to any award granted under the 2024 Plan without the participant’s consent, other than amendments that are necessary to permit the granting of awards in compliance with applicable laws. The 2024 Plan will automatically terminate the day before the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Plan Effective Date, unless earlier terminated by our board of directors or in accordance with the terms of the 2024 Plan.
New Plan Benefits
All awards to be made under the 2024 Plan are discretionary, subject to the terms of the 2024 Plan. The benefits and amounts that will be received or allocated under the 2024 Plan are generally not determinable at this time.
Director Compensation
The following table sets forth information as to the compensation paid to our directors in the year ended March 31, 2026:
| Name | Cash Compensation | Stock Awards | Total | |||||||||
| Leqi Dong | $ | 8,800 | $ | - | $ | 8,800 | ||||||
| Dongperez Hua | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Chun Min (Max) Lin | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Bin Wang | 37,500 | - | 37,500 | |||||||||
| Lun Feng | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Zanfeng Zhang | 22,500 | - | 22,500 | |||||||||
| Zhou Ou(1) | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Lisa Fan (2) | $ | 22,000 | $ | - | $ | 22,000 | ||||||
| (1) | Mr. Ou does not receive any additional compensation as a director in addition to his compensation disclosed in the Summary Compensation Table. |
| (2) | Ms. Fan receives a total annual compensation of $60,000 for serving as CFO and director of the Company. Ms. Fan does not receive any additional compensation as a director. |
Director Agreements
Each of the Company’s independent directors, Leqi Dong, Dongperez Hua and Chun Min (Max) Lin, has entered into an Independent Director Agreement (each, an “Independent Director Agreement”). Under the Independent Director Agreement between us and each of our independent directors, Mr. Dong, Mr. Hua and Mr. Lin each is entitled to an annual cash fee of $26,400.
We will also reimburse each independent director for pre-approved reasonable business-related expenses incurred in good faith in connection with the performance of the director’s duties for us. As also required under each Independent Director Agreement, we have separately entered into a standard indemnification agreement with each of our directors, the term of which began on the date of the director’s appointment.
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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owner and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of July 23, 2026 by:
| ● | each person known to us to beneficially own 5% or more of our common stock; | |
| ● | each director; | |
| ● | each of our executive officers; and | |
| ● | all officers and directors as a group. |
All information with respect to beneficial ownership has been furnished by the respective 5% or more stockholders, directors or executive officers, as the case may be. Each person is deemed to own beneficially shares of common stock that are issuable upon exercise of options, warrants or upon conversion of convertible securities if they are exercisable or convertible within 60 days of July 23, 2026. Except as otherwise indicated each person has the sole power to vote and dispose of all shares of common stock listed opposite his or her name. Unless otherwise noted, the mailing address of each listed beneficial owner is c/o Fly-E Group, Inc., 136-40 39th Avenue, Flushing, NY 11354.
| Name and address of beneficial owner | Shares beneficially owned | Percentage owned | ||||||
| Executive Officers and Directors | ||||||||
| Zhou Ou | 77,000 | 4.717 | % | |||||
| Lisa Fan | - | |||||||
| Leqi Dong | - | |||||||
| Dongperez Hua | - | |||||||
| Chun Min (Max) Lin | - | |||||||
| Directors and Officers as a group (five persons) | 77,000 | 4.717 | % | |||||
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
We have adopted the 2024 Plan in order to grant equity-based and other incentive awards to our officers, employees, directors, consultants and advisers. There are 37,000 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2024 Plan. We have not issued any grants or awards under the 2024 Plan.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
In addition to the compensation arrangements in the section titled “Executive Compensation,” except as set forth below, during our last two fiscal years, we have not entered into any material transactions or series of transactions that would be considered material in which any director or executive officer or beneficial owner of 5% or more of any class of our capital stock, or any immediate family member of any of the preceding persons, had a direct or indirect material interest:
From April 1, 2024 to March 31, 2026, our CEO Mr. Ou, provided financial support to the Company by advancing funds and making various payments on behalf of the Company totaling $961,294. These amounts payable to Mr. Ou are unsecured, bear no interest and do not have a maturity date. From April 1, 2024 to March 31, 2026, the Company repaid the amount due to Mr. Ou in full. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the remaining balance of these payables was nil and nil, respectively. From August 9, 2024 to September 17, 2024, the Company advanced $477,771 to Mr. Ou, Chairman and CEO of the Company, for personal use. This advance is unsecured, bears no interest and does not have a maturity date. As of March 31, 2025, the advance was paid back in full.
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On March 6, 2021, the Company and DGLG Accounting and Tax LLC (“DGLG”) entered into an engagement letter, wherein the Company engaged DGLG as a consultant to assist the Company in its IPO planning, financing and tax services. Mr. Guo is a partner at DGLG. In December 2022, the Company hired Mr. Guo as its former CFO. Under the terms of the engagement agreement with DGLG, the Company has agreed to compensate DGLG for consulting services based on an hourly fee arrangement. For the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, DGLG’s consulting fees were $nil and $225,000, respectively. For the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company paid DGLG a total of $nil and $61,050, respectively, for tax services. As of March 31, 2025, the Company did not owe any amount to DGLG. Following Mr. Guo’s resignation on February 2, 2026, DGLG is no longer a related party of the Company as of the date of this report.
On April 1, 2023, the Company agreed to retain the services of PJMG LLC (“PJMG”), a company in which Mr. Guo, the Company’s former CFO who resigned on November 6, 2024, holds over 50% of the equity interests as a consultant following the completion of its IPO. PJMG was engaged to provide compliance consulting services related to accounting, finance, and management, as well as to oversee market planning and development, follow-on fundraising, and investor relationship management from June 2024 to May 2025. The service fee is $45,000 for the first month and from the second month the fees are $15,000 per month. To secure these services, the Company prepaid a total of $120,000 to PJMG as of March 31, 2025. $312,047 was expensed as consulting expenses during the year ended March 31, 2025. $120,000 was expensed as consulting expenses during the year ended March 31, 2026. Following Mr. Guo’s resignation on February 2, 2026, DGLG is no longer a related party of the Company as of the date of this report.
Fly E Bike SRL, a company formed under the laws of the Dominican Republic and in which Mr. Ou holds over 50% of the equity interests, is a distributor for the Company. During the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, Fly E Bike SRL purchased certain EV products from the Company in the amount of $nil and $42,010, respectively. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company had accounts receivable from Fly E Bike SRL in the amounts of $32,030 and $37,465, respectively. In addition, during the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company advanced a total of $143,455 to Fly E Bike SRL. Such advance is unsecured, bears no interest and does not have a maturity date. As of March 31, 2025, the advance was paid back in full. During the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company advanced a total of $161,560 to Fly E Bike SRL. Such advance is unsecured, bears no interest and does not have a maturity date.
In December 2023, the Company engaged DF Technology US Inc (“DFT”) for certain technology services. Mr. Guo, the Company’s former CFO, owns over 50% of the equity interest in DFT. As of March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, the accumulative payments to DFT for development of the ERP system were $nil and $2,500,000, respectively. During the fiscal year of 2025, the Company started to use part of the ERP system which was valued at $2,310,000 and treated that part as computer hardware and software and started for depreciation. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, construction in progress was nil and $275,000, respectively, and primarily relating to the cost incurred to develop the software by DFT. As of March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, the Company had a prepayment of nil and $136,580, respectively, to DFT. In July 2024, the Company engaged DFT, a former related party, to develop a new APP, GO FLY APP, for the rental business. The total contract price for the GO FLY APP is $500,000, and the GO FLY APP was delivered on September 5, 2024. Following Mr. Guo’s resignation on February 2, 2026, DFT is no longer a related party of the Company as of the date of this report.
Director Independence
We believe that each of our directors, Messrs. Dong, Hua and Lin, is an independent director under the Nasdaq listing rules.
Related Party Transaction Policy
Our Company has adopted a written Audit Committee Charter, which contains the procedures used to identify, review, approve and disclose, if necessary, any transaction in which (i) the Company is a participant and (ii) a related person has or will have a direct or indirect material interest.
61
Once a related party transaction in which the aggregate amount involved will or may be expected to exceed the lesser of $120,000 or 1% of the Company’s total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years if the Company qualifies as a smaller reporting company in any calendar year has been identified, the Audit Committee or the full board must review the transaction for approval or ratification. In determining whether to approve or ratify a related party transaction, the Audit Committee or the full board shall consider all relevant facts and circumstances, including the following factors: (i) the materiality and character of the related person’s direct or indirect interest; (ii) the commercial reasonableness of the terms; (iii) any Company contractual obligations; (iv) the benefit or perceived benefit, or lack thereof, to the Company; (v) the opportunity cost of alternate transactions; and (vi) the actual or apparent conflict of interest of the related person.
Any director who has a direct or indirect material interest in the proposed related person transaction may be present during initial presentation of the related person transaction to the Audit Committee or the board, but should not participate in the Audit Committee or the board action regarding whether to approve or ratify the transaction. If, however, a proposed transaction arises in which all directors are deemed to have a direct or indirect material interest in the transaction, the interested directors may participate in the consideration and approval of the proposed transaction, and the Company may enter into any such related person transaction that is approved in accordance with the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
Marcum Asia CPAs LLP (“Marcum Asia”) served as our independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended March 31, 2025 and for reviewing our financial statements for quarters ended June 30, 2025 and September 30, 2025. Fortune CPA served as our independent registered public accounting firm for conducting a quarter review of our financial statements as of December 31, 2025, and for auditing our consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2026. The following table sets forth the fees billed by Marcum Asia and Fortune CPA, our previous and current registered independent public accounting firms, for 2026 and 2025 for the categories of services indicated.
Fees billed by Marcum Aisa
| Year Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Audit fees (1) | $ | 523,757 | $ | 608,727 | ||||
| Tax Fees | - | - | ||||||
| All Other Fees | - | - | ||||||
| Total All Fees | $ | 523,757 | $ | 608,727 | ||||
Fees billed by Fortune CPA
| Year Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Audit fees (1) | $ | 285,000 | $ | - | ||||
| Tax Fees | - | - | ||||||
| All Other Fees | - | - | ||||||
| Total All Fees | $ | 285,000 | $ | - | ||||
| (1) | Audit fees consist of fees related to professional services rendered in connection with the audit of our annual financial statements, review of our quarterly financial statements and review of our registration statement on Form S-1 relating to our initial public offering. |
Our policy is to pre-approve all audit and permissible non-audit services performed by the independent accountants. These services may include audit services, audit-related services, tax services and other services. The pre-approval is made by the audit committee of the board of directors. Our board approved all services that our independent accountants provided to us prior to our IPO. Following the completion of our IPO, such services were reviewed and approved by the Audit Committee.
62
Part IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this report:
(1) Financial Statements:
(2) Financial Statement Schedules:
All financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the amounts are immaterial and not required, or the required information is presented in the financial statements and notes thereto beginning on page F-1.
(3) Exhibits
We hereby file as part of this report the exhibits listed in the attached Exhibit Index. Exhibits which are incorporated herein by reference can be inspected on the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
Not Applicable.
EXHIBIT INDEX
63
| * | Filed herewith. |
| ** | Furnished herewith |
| † | Compensatory plan or arrangement. |
| # | The exhibits and schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The registrant hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any omitted schedules to the Commission upon request. |
64
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Date: July 23, 2026 | FLY-E GROUP, INC. | |
| By: | /s/ Zhou Ou | |
| Name: | Zhou Ou | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this annual report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Zhou Ou | Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | July 23, 2026 | ||
| Zhou Ou | ||||
| /s/ Lisa Fan | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting and Financial | July 23, 2026 | ||
| Lisa Fan | Officer) and Director | |||
| /s/ Leqi Dong | Director | July 23, 2026 | ||
| Leqi Dong | ||||
| /s/ Dongperez Hua | Director | July 23, 2026 | ||
| Dongperez Hua | ||||
| /s/ Chun Min (Max) Lin | Director | July 23, 2026 | ||
| Chun Min (Max) Lin |
65
FLY-E GROUP, INC.
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders
Fly-E Group Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Fly-E Group Inc. (“the Company”) as of March 31, 2026, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2026, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered losses from operations. Therefore, the Company has stated substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Going Concern
As described further in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company financial statements are prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.
We determined the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is a critical audit matter due to the estimation and uncertainty regarding the Company’s future cash flows and the risk of bias in management’s judgments and assumptions in estimating these cash flows.
Our audit procedures related to the Company’s assertion on its ability to continue as a going concern included the following, among others:
We reviewed the Company’s working capital and liquidity ratios, operating expenses, and uses and sources of cash used in management’s assessment of whether the Company has sufficient liquidity to fund operations for at least one year from the financial statement issuance date. This testing included the inquiries with management, analyzing the subsequent company financial position, and consideration the positive and negative evidence impacting management’s arrangements in place as of the report date.
/s/
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2026.
July 23, 2026
PCAOB #
F-2
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
Fly-E Group, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited, before the effects of the retrospective adjustment related to the reverse stock split described in Note 10, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Fly-E Group, Inc. (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2025, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements” before the effects of the adjustments discussed in Note 10 are not presented herein).
In our opinion, the financial statements, before the effects of the retrospective adjustment related to the reverse stock split described in Note 10, present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2025, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended March 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We were not engaged to audit, review, or apply any procedures to the adjustments to retroactively apply the effects of the 1-for-20 reverse stock split completed on November 4, 2025 described in Note 10, and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance about whether such adjustments are appropriate and have been properly applied. Those adjustments were audited by Fortune CPA, Inc.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
We served as the Company’s auditor from 2022 (such date takes into account the acquisition of certain assets of Friedman LLP by Marcum Asia CPAs LLP effective September 1, 2022) through 2026.
New York, New York
July 15, 2025
NEW YORK OFFICE ● 7 Penn Plaza ● Suite 830 ● New York, New York ● 10001
Phone 646.442.4845 ● Fax 646.349.5200 ● www.marcumasia.com
F-3
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FLY-E GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Expressed in U.S. dollars, except for the number of shares)
| As of March 31, 2026 | As of March 31, 2025 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current Assets | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net – a related party | ||||||||
| Inventories, net | ||||||||
| Prepayments and other receivables | ||||||||
| Prepayments and other receivables – related parties | ||||||||
| Assets held for sale | ||||||||
| Total Current Assets | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Security deposits | ||||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Long-term prepayment for software development | ||||||||
| Long-term prepayment for software development – a related party | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Short-term loan payables | ||||||||
| Current portion of long-term loan payables | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other payables | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other payables – a related party | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities – current | ||||||||
| Taxes payable | ||||||||
| Liabilities held for sale | ||||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Long-term loan payables | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities – non-current | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitment and Contingencies | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $ | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Shares subscription receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total FLY-E Group, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
FLY-E GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Expressed in U.S. dollars, except for the number of shares)
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cost of Revenues | ||||||||
| Gross Profit | ||||||||
| Operating Expenses | ||||||||
| Selling Expenses | ||||||||
| General and Administrative Expenses | ||||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | ||||||||
| Loss from Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other (Income) Expenses, net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Interest Expenses, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Loss Before Income Taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income Tax Expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total Comprehensive Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Losses per Share* | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Weighted Average Number of Common Stock | ||||||||
| – Basic and Diluted* | ||||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
FLY-E GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Expressed in U.S. dollars, except for the number of shares)
| Accumulated | Retained | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Shares | Other | Earnings | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Paid-in | Subscription | Comprehensive | (Accumulated | Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares* | Amount | Shares* | Amount | Capital | Receivables | Loss | Deficit) | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon private placement offering, net | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of warrants | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Round up of shares for reverse stock split | — | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
FLY-E GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Expressed in U.S. dollars, except for the number of shares)
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Loss on disposal of property and equipment | ||||||||
| Gain on termination of operating lease | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gain on sales and liquidations of subsidiaries | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Impairment loss on property and equipment | ||||||||
| Expected credit losses on accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Depreciation expense | ||||||||
| Amortization expense | ||||||||
| Deferred income taxes benefits | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Inventories reserve | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts receivable – a related party | ||||||||
| Inventories | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepayments and other receivables | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepayments for operation services to a related party | ( | ) | ||||||
| Security deposits | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other payables | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other payables – a related party | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Taxes payable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||
| Purchases of properties and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Payments of property rights | ( | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from disposal of properties and equipment | ||||||||
| Prepayment for purchasing software from a related party | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepayment for purchasing software | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash released from disposal of entities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Repayment from a related party | ||||||||
| Advance to a related party | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||
| Proceeds from borrowings | ||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Repayments on other payables - related parties | ( | ) | ||||||
| Payments of offering cost | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net proceeds from issuance of common stock | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Net changes in cash including cash classified within current assets held for sale | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | ( | ) | ||||||
| Less: net change in cash classified within current assets held for sale | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash at beginning of the period | ||||||||
| Cash at the end of the period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information | ||||||||
| Cash paid for interest expense | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities | ||||||||
| Purchase of vehicle funded by loan | $ | $ | ||||||
| Purchase of office funded by loan | $ | $ | ||||||
| Purchase of software and office by using previous prepayments | $ | $ | ||||||
| Purchase of property rights by using previous prepayments | $ | $ | ||||||
| Properties used for rental services | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred IPO cost recognized as additional paid-in capital | $ | $ | ||||||
| Uncollected proceeds from disposal of subsidiaries | $ | $ | ||||||
| Termination of operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
FLY-E GROUP, INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1 — DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS, ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Organization and principal activities
Fly-E Group, Inc. (the “Company” or “Fly-E Group”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on November 1, 2022. The Company has no substantive operations other than holding all of the issued and outstanding shares of Fly E-Bike Inc. (“Fly E-Bike”) and Fly EV, Inc. (“Fly EV”). Fly E-Bike and Fly EV were incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on August 22, 2022 and November 1, 2022, respectively. Fly EV has no substantive operations. The Company, through its wholly owned subsidiaries, is principally engaged in designing, installing and selling smart electric bikes (“E-bikes”), electric motorcycles (“E-motorcycles”), electric scooters (“E-scooters”), and related accessories under the brand name of “Fly E-Bike.” The Company’s principal operations and geographic markets are mainly in the United States of America (the “U.S.”). During the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company closed 8 stores in U.S. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, the Company closed four stores in the U.S. As of July 23, 2026, the Company currently operates a total of 4 retail stores in the U.S. During the year ended March 31, 2026, 24 retail stores in the U.S. were sold for streamlining the Company’s corporate structure and reducing complexity in financial reporting and operating costs. These 24 retail stores were operated through certain subsidiaries of the Company that were disposed pursuant to share transfer agreements, as discussed in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Report. The Company offers rental services from selected locations. The Company also operates one online store, focusing on selling E-motorcycles, E-bikes, and E-scooters.
The Company’s business was initially operated under CTATE INC. (“Ctate”), a corporation formed under the laws of the State of New York in 2018. Before merging with Fly E-Bike, Ctate owned 27 companies, each of which operated a Fly E-Bike store. On September 12, 2022, Ctate and Fly E-Bike, which was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ctate, entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, pursuant to which Ctate merged into and with Fly E-Bike, with Fly E-Bike being the surviving corporation (the “Merger”). As a result of the Merger, the original shareholders of Ctate became the stockholders of Fly E-Bike and subsequently effectively controlled the combined entity.
On December 21, 2022, Fly-E Group and Fly E-Bike entered into a Share Exchange Agreement, pursuant to which Fly-E Group acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of Fly E-Bike by issuing its shares to the stockholders of Fly E-Bike on a one-for-one basis (the “Share Exchange”). As a result of the Share Exchange, Fly E-Bike became a wholly owned subsidiary of Fly-E Group.
As a result of the Merger and the Share Exchange, Fly E-Bike and its subsidiaries are under common control of Fly-E Group, resulting in the consolidation of Fly E-Bike and its subsidiaries, which was accounted for as a reorganization of entities under common control. The consolidated financial statements are prepared on the basis as if the reorganization became effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the consolidated financial statements of Fly-E Group.
On June 7, 2024, the Company issued
On June 4, 2025, the Company issued
On September 18, 2025, the Company entered into
a securities purchase agreement with third-party individuals to sell
On July 3, 2025 and November 4, 2025, the Company
implemented a
The reverse stock split was accounted for retrospectively in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes for all periods presented. All references to the number of shares of common stock, including per share amounts, have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split.
F-8
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and each of the following subsidiaries as of March 31, 2026.
| Name | Background | Ownership | ||
| FLY-E GROUP, INC. | Parent Company | |||
| ● Incorporated on | ||||
| FLY EV, INC. | ||||
| ● Incorporated on | ||||
| FLY E-BIKE, INC. | ||||
| ● Incorporated on | ||||
| UNIVERSE KING CORP | ||||
| ● Incorporated on | ||||
| FLYEBIKE INC | ||||
| ● Incorporated on | ||||
| FLYEBIKE WORLD INC. | ||||
| ● Incorporated on | ||||
| FLY DELIVERY INC. | ||||
| ● Incorporated on | ||||
| FLYDC INC. | ||||
| ● Incorporated on | ||||
| FLYLA INC. | ||||
| ● Incorporated on | ||||
| AOFL LLC | ||||
| ● Incorporated on | ||||
| GOBIKE INC | ||||
| ● Incorporated on | ||||
| FLYEBIKE BOSTON INC. | ||||
| ● Incorporated on | ||||
| FLYE ELYX INC. | ||||
| ● Incorporated on | ||||
F-9
Liquidity and Going Concern
In assessing the Company’s liquidity, the Company monitors and analyzes its cash on hand and its operating and capital expenditure commitments. The Company’s liquidity needs are to meet its working capital requirements, operating expenses and capital expenditure obligations. Debt financing from financial institutions and equity financings have been utilized to finance the working capital requirements of the Company.
On June 4, 2025, the Company closed a public offering
of (i)
2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(a) Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (the “U.S. GAAP”) and regulations of the Securities Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The accompanying consolidated financial statements contemplate the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business are dependent on, among other things, the Company’s ability to operate profitably, to generate cash flows from operations, and its ability to attract investors and to borrow funds on reasonable economic terms.
F-10
(b) Principles of Consolidation
A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power, or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors, to cast a majority of votes at board meetings, or to govern the financial and operating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the consolidated financial statements of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary. A subsidiary is an entity over which the Company has control. Control is achieved when the Company has power over the investee, is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the investee, and has the ability to use its power to affect those returns.
A subsidiary is consolidated from the date on which the Company obtains control. The Company reassesses whether it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed above. All inter-company balances and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. The results of subsidiary acquired are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations from the effective date of acquisition, as appropriate. All significant transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiary have been eliminated.
(c) Segment Information
The Company adopted ASU No. 2023-07 (“ASU
2023-07”), Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures for the year ended March 31, 2026 and applied
it retrospectively for the prior period presented.
(d) Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company continually evaluates its estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, the incremental borrowing rates of operating lease liabilities, lower of cost and net realizable value of inventories, allowance for expected credit losses, recoverability and useful lives of long-lived assets, warranty reserves, fair value of warrant, and valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that it is believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Any future changes to these estimates and assumptions could cause a material change to the Company’s reported amounts of revenue, expenses, assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
F-11
(e) Commitments and Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, which cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, shareholder lawsuits, and non-income tax matters.
An accrual for a loss contingency is recognized when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is disclosed.
(f) Cash
Cash consists of cash on hand and cash deposited
with banks. The Company’s cash is maintained at financial institutions in the U.S. Deposits in these financial institutions may,
from time to time, exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s (the “FDIC”) federally insured limit, which is
$
(g) Accounts Receivable, Net
Accounts receivable includes trade account due from customers. Accounts receivable is recorded at the invoiced amount less an allowance for any credit loss and does not bear interest, which is due after 30 to 90 days, depending on the credit term with the customers. Accounts receivable which is deemed to be uncollectible is charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote.
The Company adopted the current expected credit
loss model (“CECL model”) to estimate the expected credit losses, which is determined by multiplying the probability of default.
In determining the probability of default, the Company mainly considers factors such as size, aging schedule of receivables, the customer’s
payment history, migration rate of receivables, assessment of receivables due from specific identifiable counterparties that are considered
at risk or uncollectible, current market conditions, as well as reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. The
allowance is based on management’s best estimates of specific losses on individual customer exposures, as well as the historical
trends of collections. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company provided allowance for expected credit losses of $
(h) Inventories, Net
Inventories, consisting of products available for sale, are stated
at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the first-in-first-out method. Adjustments to the carrying value are recorded for estimated
obsolescence or excess inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated net realizable value based upon
assumptions about future demand and market conditions. Inventory cost consists of the direct cost of merchandise including freight. For
the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, impairment loss was and $
(i) Prepayments and Other Receivables
Prepayments and other receivables are mainly prepayments to vendors, prepaid expenses paid to service providers, prepaid taxes, advances to employees, and other deposits. Management regularly reviews the aging of such balances and changes in payment and realization trends and records allowances when management believes that the collection of amounts due is at risk. Accounts considered uncollectable are written off against allowances after exhaustive efforts at collection are made. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, no allowance for credit losses provided against prepayments and other receivables was recorded.
F-12
(j) Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any recorded impairment.
The estimated useful lives are as follows:
| Furniture and fixtures | ||
| Machinery and equipment | ||
| Automobile | ||
| Leasehold improvements | ||
| Buildings | ||
| Computer hardware and software | ||
| Properties used for rental business |
Depreciation on property and equipment is calculated on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to earnings as incurred, while additions, renewals, and betterments, which are expected to extend the useful life of assets, are capitalized. The Company also re-evaluates the periods of depreciation to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives.
(k) Intangible Assets, Net
Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and amortized in a method which reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are expected to be consumed or otherwise used up. The balance of intangible asset represents internal use software and property rights. The software is acquired externally tailored to the Company’s requirements. The Company capitalizes the costs associated with design, development, acquisition and maintenance of its acquired intangible assets and amortizes these assets over their remaining useful lives on a straight-line basis. Any further payments made to maintain or develop these assets would be capitalized and amortized over the balance of the useful life for the assets. The estimated useful life and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in the estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis.
The useful lives of intangibles assets have been assessed as follows:
| Property rights | ||
| Software |
(l) Impairment of Long-lived Assets
At
the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its property and equipment, intangible assets and right-of-use
assets subject to depreciation or amortization, to determine whether there is any indication that the carrying value of an asset may
not be recoverable. The Company assesses the recoverability of the assets based on the undiscounted future cash flows the assets are
expected to generate and recognize an impairment loss when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of
the asset plus net proceeds expected from disposition of the asset, if any, are less than the carrying value of the asset. If an impairment
is identified, the Company will reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flows
approach or, when available and appropriate, to comparable market values. For the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company recognized
an impairment loss of $
F-13
(m) Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and consider assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. The following summarizes the three levels of input required to measure fair value, of which the first two are considered observable and the third is considered unobservable:
| Level-1 | — | Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. | |
| Level-2 | — | Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. | |
| Level-3 | — | Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity. |
ASC 820 describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: Market Approach—Uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. Income Approach—Uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value, based on current market expectations about those future amounts. Cost Approach—Based on the amount that would currently be required to replace an asset.
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, investments, deposits, amounts due from or to related parties, other receivables, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other payables. The carrying amounts of these financial instruments approximates their fair value due to their short-term maturity. The Company and its subsidiaries did not have any non-financial assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2026 and 2025.
(n) Revenue Recognition
Product revenue
The Company follows the revenue accounting requirements of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The core principle underlying the revenue recognition of this ASC allows the Company to recognize revenue that represents the transfer of products and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in such exchange. This will require the Company to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based on when control of products and services transfers to a customer.
To achieve that core principle, the Company applies a five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model requires that the Company (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation.
The Company generates substantially all its revenues from sales of products such as smart E-bikes, E-motorcycles, E-scooters and accessories to the retail and wholesale customers through its wholly owned subsidiaries stores. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied upon the control of products being passed to the customer, which is the point in time that the customers are able to direct the use of and obtain substantially all of the economic benefit of the products or services. The transfer of control typically occurs at a point in time based on consideration of when the customer has an obligation to pay for the products, and physical possession of, legal title to, and the risks and rewards of ownership of the products have been transferred, and the customer has accepted the products. Revenue is recognized net of estimates of variable consideration, including product returns, customer discounts and allowance. which occurs at the point of sale, or the services have been rendered. Historically, the Company has not experienced any significant returns nor provided significant customer discounts.
F-14
The Company offers an assurance-type warranty to its customers. An assurance-type warranty guarantees that the product will perform as promised and is not a performance obligation. This type of warranty promises to repair or replace a delivered good or service if it does not perform as expected. Since an assurance-type warranty guarantees the functionality of a product, the warranty is not accounted for as a separate performance obligation, and thus no transaction price is allocated to it. Rather, to account for an assurance-type warranty the vendor should estimate and accrue a warranty liability when the promised good or service is delivered to the customer (see ASC 460-10).
Since
the contract price and term are fixed and enforceable, and an assurance-type warranty guarantees the functionality of a product, and
the warranty is not accounted for as a separate performance obligation, no transaction price is allocated to it. The Company recognizes
sales in full at the point in time when the products are delivered or accepted by the customers, in accordance with the acceptance term
specified in the contract. The Company records estimated future warranty costs under ASC 460. Such estimated costs for warranties are
estimated at the time of delivery and these warranties are not service warranties separately sold by the Company. Generally, the estimated
claim rates of warranty are based on actual warranty experience or the Company’s best estimate. The Company accrued $
The following table summarizes the changes in the Company's warranty reserve:
| As of March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | ||||||
| Additions charged to warranty expense | ||||||||
| Adjustments to prior estimates | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | ||||||
Rental Revenue
The Company operates rental business primarily from the Go Fly rental mobile app and selected Fly E-Bike stores that provide users with a flexible and affordable e-bike rental option.
The Company offers rental services through its subsidiaries, GOBIKE INC, FLYLA INC, and FLYTORONTO CORP. All the products available for rent are owned by the Company. The Company leases products to customers, and as a result, the Company considers itself to be the accounting lessor, as applicable, in these arrangements in accordance with ASC 842. Rental business operating costs include refunded products repair fee and other operating costs, as applicable.
Due to the short-term nature of the rental business, the Company classifies these rentals operating leases. Revenue generated from the rental services is recognized over the rental period, which is typically one day, one week or more.
Disaggregated information of revenues by business lines are as follows:
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Product revenues - retail (ASC 606) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Product revenues - wholesale (ASC 606) | ||||||||
| Revenues - rental services (ASC 842) | ||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
(o) Selling Expenses
Selling
expenses mainly consist of advertising expenses, and payroll and related expenses for personnel engaged in selling and marketing activities.
Advertising expenses, which consist primarily of online and offline advertisements, are expenses when the services are received. The
advertising expenses were $
F-15
(p) Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses include salaries for the Company’s
research and development personnel, as well as related development expenses paid to the third-party development team. The Company recognizes
internal use software acquired and internally developed in accordance with ASC 350-40 “Software—internal use software”.
The Company expenses all costs that are incurred in connection with the planning and implementation phases of development, and costs that
are associated with maintenance of the existing software for internal use. Certain costs associated with developing internal-use software
are capitalized when such costs are incurred within the application development stage of software development. As a result, the Company
expensed the development costs of the Fly E-Bike app as they incurred. For the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, development costs
amounted to $
(q) Income Taxes
Current income taxes are provided based on net income/(loss) for financial reporting purposes and adjusted for income and expense items which are not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions.
Deferred taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method in respect of temporary differences arising from differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and the corresponding tax basis used in the computation of assessable tax profit. In principle, deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets (the “DTAs”) are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilized.
Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized, or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. DTAs are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all the DTAs will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.
An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense in the period incurred. The tax returns filed in 2018 to 2024 are subject to examination by any appropriate tax authorities. For the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company accrued and of income tax related penalty included in current income taxes expenses, respectively.
(r) Leases
The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASC 842. The Company leases premises for offices, warehouses, and retail stores under non-cancellable operating leases, and the Company leases its products to customers under non-cancellable operating leases.
Lessor
The Company’s lease arrangements include products rentals to customers. The lease term is from one hour to one month. Due to the short-term nature of these arrangements, the Company classifies these leases as operating leases. The Company does not separate lease and non-lease components, such as insurance or roadside assistance provided to the lessee, in its lessor lease arrangements. Lease payments are primarily fixed and are recognized as revenue in the period over which the lease arrangement occurs. Taxes or other fees assessed by governmental authorities that are both imposed on and concurrent with each lease revenue-producing transaction and collected by the Company from the lessee are excluded from the consideration in its lease arrangements. The Company mitigates residual value risk of its leased assets by performing regular maintenance and repairs, as necessary, and through periodic reviews of asset depreciation rates based on the Company’s ongoing assessment of present and estimated future market conditions.
F-16
Lessee
The Company recognizes right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for all leases at the commencement date of a lease, except for short-term leases accounted for by applying a recognition exemption where lease payments are recognized as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease terms. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are short-term leases and not recognized as operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company recognizes lease expense for short-term leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Right-of-use assets are initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial measurement of lease liabilities adjusted for lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs needed to restore the underlying assets, and less any lease incentives received. Right-of-use assets are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses and adjusted for any remeasurement of the lease liabilities. Right-of-use assets are presented on a separate line in the consolidated balance sheets.
Right-of-use assets are depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement dates to the earlier of the end of the useful lives of the right-of-use assets or the end of the lease terms.
Lease
liabilities are initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, which comprise fixed payments, in-substance fixed payments,
variable lease payments which depend on an index or a rate. The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in a lease
if that rate can be readily determined. If that rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses the lessee’s incremental borrowing
rate. Subsequently, lease liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, with interest expense recognized
over the lease terms. When there is a change in a lease term or a change in future lease payments resulting from a change in an index
or a rate used to determine those payments, the Company remeasures the lease liabilities with a corresponding adjustment to the right-of-use-assets.
However, if the carrying amount of the right-of-use assets is reduced to
Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognized as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.
(s) Concentration Risk
Concentration of customers and suppliers
No
customers individually represented greater than 10% of total net revenues of the Company for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025,
respectively. As of March 31, 2026, no customers individually represented greater than 10% of accounts receivable balances. As of March
31, 2025, three customers accounted for approximately
For the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company’s
top two suppliers represented
Concentration of credit risk
Financial instruments that are potentially subject to credit risk consist principally of accounts receivable. The Company believes the concentration of credit risk in its account receivable is substantially mitigated by its ongoing credit evaluation process and relatively short collection terms. The Company does not generally require collateral from customers. The Company evaluates the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends, and other information. Historically, the Company did not have any bad debt on its account receivable.
F-17
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash, short-term investments, and accounts receivable, net. The Company’s investment policy requires cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, restricted cash, and short-term investments to be placed with high-quality financial institutions and to limit the amount of credit risk from any one issuer. The Company regularly evaluates the credit standing of the counterparties or financial institutions.
(t) Related Parties
A related party is generally defined as (i) any person and or their immediate family hold 10% or more of the Company’s securities (ii) the Company’s management and/or their immediate family, (iii) someone that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company, or (iv) anyone who can significantly influence the financial and operating decisions of the Company. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties. Related parties may be individuals or corporate entities. Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated.
(u) Earnings (Loss) Per Share
The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share”. ASC 260 requires companies to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic EPS is measured as net income divided by the weighted average common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue ordinary shares were exercised and converted into ordinary shares. Potential shares of common stock that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.
For
the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company had
(v) Foreign Currencies Translation
Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency using the applicable exchange rates at the balance sheet dates. The resulting exchange differences are recorded in the statement of operations. The reporting currency of the Company is United States Dollar ($). The Company’s subsidiary in Canada maintains its books and records in its local currency, Canadian dollar (CAD), which is the functional currency for this subsidiary as it is the primary currency of the economic environment in which this entity operates.
In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of subsidiaries whose functional currency is not United States Dollar are translated into United States Dollar in accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translation of Financial Statement”, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the period. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income within the statement of stockholders’ equity.
F-18
(w) Representative’s Warrants
Upon
the closing of the IPO in June 2024, the Company issued to Benchmark underwriters warrants (the “Representative’s Warrants”)
to purchase
(x) Warrants
On
June 4, 2025, the Company closed its public offering and issued
The Company accounts for its warrants as equity that meet all of the criteria (i) require physical settlement or net-share settlement or (ii) give the Company a choice of net-cash settlement or settlement in its own shares (physical settlement or net-share settlement), the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance and subsequent changes in fair value are not recognized as long as the warrants continue to be classified as equity.
(y) Held for Sale
The Company classifies assets and liabilities to be sold (disposal group) as held for sale in the period when all of the applicable criteria are met, including: (i) management commits to a plan to sell, (ii) the disposal group is available to sell in its present condition, (iii) there is an active program to locate a buyer, (iv) the disposal group is being actively marketed at a reasonable price in relation to its fair value, (v) significant changes to the plan to sell are unlikely, and (vi) the sale of the disposal group is generally probable of being completed within one year. Management performs an assessment at least quarterly or when events or changes in business circumstances indicate that a change in classification may be necessary.
Assets and liabilities held for sale are presented separately within the consolidated balance sheets with any adjustments necessary to measure the disposal group at the lower of its carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. For each period the disposal group remains classified as held for sale, its recoverability is reassessed, and any necessary adjustments are made to its carrying value.
The Company does not report the results of operations of a business as discontinued operations as the disposal is not a strategic shift that will have a major effect on its operations and financial results.
F-19
(z) Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all accounting standards updates (“ASUs”). Management periodically reviews new accounting standards that are issued. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”), the Company meets the definition of an emerging growth company and has elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards, which delays the adoption of these accounting standards until they would apply to private companies.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This guidance requires a public entity to disclose in their rate reconciliation table additional categories of information about federal, state and foreign income taxes and to provide more details about the reconciling items in some categories if the items meet a quantitative threshold. The guidance also requires all entities to disclose annually income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal (national), state and foreign taxes and to disaggregate the information by jurisdiction based on a quantitative threshold. This guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted, and this guidance should be applied prospectively but there is the option to apply it retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, requiring public business entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements at interim and annual reporting periods, including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization.” The provisions of this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, using either a prospective or retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
3 — ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET
Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:
| As of March 31, | As of March 31, | |||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Allowance of expected credit losses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts receivable, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Movements of allowance for expected credit losses are as follows:
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | ||||||
| Addition | ||||||||
| Write off | ( | ) | ||||||
| Ending Balance | $ | $ | ||||||
As
of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company provided allowance for expected credit losses of $
F-20
4 — INVENTORIES, NET
Inventories, net consisted of the following:
| As of March 31, | As of March 31, | |||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Batteries | $ | $ | ||||||
| Electric Vehicles | ||||||||
| Tires | ||||||||
| Accessories | ||||||||
| Inventories | ||||||||
| Inventory reserves | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Inventories, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Movements of inventory reserves are as follows:
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | ||||||
| Addition | ||||||||
| Write off | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Ending Balance | $ | $ | ||||||
As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the inventory reserves balance was $
5 — PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
Prepayments and other receivables as of March 31, 2026 and 2025 consisted of the following:
| As of March 31, | As of March 31, | |||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Prepaid rent | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepayments to vendors (i) | ||||||||
| Prepaid insurance | ||||||||
| Prepayments to other service providers | ||||||||
| Prepaid income tax | ||||||||
| Other receivable from third parties (ii) | ||||||||
| Total Prepayment and Other Receivables | $ | $ | ||||||
| (i) |
F-21
| (ii) | On January 1, 2025, the Company entered into share transfer agreements for sales of |
On
April 1, 2025, the Company entered into share transfer agreements for the sale of
On
May 1, 2025, the Company entered into share transfer agreements for the sale of
On
June 1, 2025, the Company entered into share transfer agreements for the sale of
On
July 1, 2025, the Company entered into share transfer agreements for the sale of
On
August 1, 2025, the Company entered into share transfer agreements for the sale of
On
September 1, 2025, the Company entered into share transfer agreements for the sale of
On
December 19, 2025, the Company entered into share transfer agreements for the sale of
On
January 1, 2026, the Company entered into share transfer agreements for the sale of
On February 10, 2026, the Company advanced retail store renovation
fees on behalf of FLYFLS INC, DCMOTOR INC, FLYNJ1 INC and FLY E BIKE NJ3, with cash payments of $
F-22
6 — PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment as of March 31, 2026 and 2025 consisted of the following:
| As of March 31, | As of March 31, | |||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Furniture and Fixtures | $ | $ | ||||||
| Machinery and Equipment | ||||||||
| Automobile | ||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | ||||||||
| Building | ||||||||
| Computer hardware and software (i) | ||||||||
| Properties for rental business (ii) | ||||||||
| Property and Equipment | ||||||||
| Less: Accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Less: Accumulated impairment loss (iii) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Property and Equipment, net | $ | $ | ||||||
For the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the
depreciation expenses were $
| (i) |
| (ii) |
| (iii) |
The Company determined the fair value of the asset group using the income approach, based on the present value of expected future cash flows, which represents a Level 3 fair value measurement. The impairment loss of $ |
F-23
7 — INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Intangible assets as of March 31, 2026 and 2025 consisted of the following:
| As of March 31, | As of March 31, | |||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Property rights | $ | $ | ||||||
| GO FLY App | ||||||||
| Total Intangible assets | ||||||||
| Less: Accumulated amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Intangible assets, net | $ | $ | ||||||
For
the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the amortization expenses were $
8 — ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER PAYABLES
| As of March 31, | As of March 31, | |||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Accrued payroll | $ | $ | ||||||
| Advances from customers | ||||||||
| Advances from IGH Holding Inc | ||||||||
| Accrued warranty | ||||||||
| Payroll tax and sales tax payable | ||||||||
| Accrued store expenses | ||||||||
| Accrued freight in cost | ||||||||
| Accrued UL penalty(i) | ||||||||
| Accrued Interest | ||||||||
| Total Accrued Expenses and Other Payables | $ | $ | ||||||
| (i) |
F-24
9 — LOAN PAYABLES
A summary of the Company’s loans is listed as follows:
| As of March 31, | As of March 31, | |||||||||
| Lender | Due Date | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Chase Bank(i) | $ | $ | ||||||||
| Leaf Capital Funding, LLC(ii) | ||||||||||
| Automobile Loan – Honda(iii) | ||||||||||
| Milea Truck Sales of Queens Inc. (iv) | ||||||||||
| Milea Truck Sales of Queens Inc. (iv) | ||||||||||
| Peapack-Gladstone Bank(v) | ||||||||||
| Velocity Commercial Capital, LLC (vi) | ||||||||||
| AOWINV LLC (vii) | ||||||||||
| Stripe, Inc. (ix) | ||||||||||
| Total loan payables | ||||||||||
| Short-term loan payables | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Current portion of long-term loan payables | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total Long-term loan payables | $ | $ | ||||||||
| (i) |
| (ii) |
| (iii) |
| (iv) | On August 22, 2024, Fly E-Bike, Inc. obtained a three-year long-term loan of $
On
July 26, 2024, Fly E-Bike, Inc. obtained a three-year long-term loan of $ |
F-25
| (v) |
| (vi) |
| (vii) |
| (viii) | On April 29, 2025, the Company obtained a 30-week short-term loan of $ |
| (ix) |
For
the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the total interest expenses on the Company’s loans amounted to $
The principal repayment schedule of the bank loans was as follows:
| Ending March 31, | Repayment | |||
| 2027 | $ | |||
| 2028 | ||||
| 2029 | ||||
| 2030 | ||||
| 2031 | ||||
| Thereafter | ||||
| Total | $ | |||
F-26
10 — STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Prior
to the effectiveness of the stock splits discussed below, the Company was authorized to issue
2024 Stock Split
On
March 27, 2024, the Company’s board of directors approved a
On
June 7, 2024, the Company completed its initial public offering (the “IPO”) and issued
2025 Reverse Stock Split
On
July 3, 2025, the Company implemented a
On
November 4, 2025, the Company implemented a
The
reverse stock splits were accounted for retrospectively in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes for all periods
presented. All references to the number of shares of common stock, including per share amounts, have been adjusted to reflect the reverse
stock split. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the number of issued and outstanding shares of common stock was
Representative’s Warrants
Upon
the closing of IPO in June 2024, the Company issued to Benchmark, the representative of the underwriters, warrants to purchase
F-27
The
fair value of the warrant, using the Black-Scholes Model on the date of issuance was $
| June 7, | ||||
| 2024 | ||||
| Stock price | $ | |||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | |||
| Volatility | % | |||
| Exercise price | $ | |||
| Dividend yield | $ | |||
The stock price and exercise prices stated herein have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split that occurred in July 2025 and November 2025.
Registered Direct Offering Warrants
On
June 4, 2025, the Company closed its public offering of
The
fair value of the 2025 Warrant, using the Black-Scholes Model on the date of issuance was $
| June 4, | ||||
| 2025 | ||||
| Stock price | $ | |||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | |||
| Volatility | % | |||
| Exercise price | $ | |||
| Dividend yield | $ | |||
| Expected term (in years) | ||||
| Fair value per warrant | $ | |||
| Number of warrants issued | ||||
| Total fair value of 2025 Warrants | $ | |||
The stock price and exercise prices stated herein have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split that occurred in July 2025 and November 2025.
F-28
The following table summarizes the Company’s activities and status of the Representative’s Warrants and 2025 Warrants:
| Weighted | ||||||||||||
| Weighted | Average | |||||||||||
| Average | Remaining | |||||||||||
| Number of | Exercise | Term | ||||||||||
| Warrant | Price | (Years) | ||||||||||
| Outstanding as of March 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||
| Issued | ||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Forfeited or expired | ||||||||||||
| Outstanding as of March 31, 2026 | $ | |||||||||||
The number of shares and warrants, as well as the exercise prices stated herein, have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split that occurred in July 2025 and November 2025.
During
the year ended March 31, 2026, all holders of the Company’s 2025 Warrants exercised their rights to acquire common stock. The exercises
were completed on a cashless basis pursuant to the terms of the warrant agreements. The exercises did not generate any cash proceeds
to the Company. All share numbers for warrant exercises prior to the reverse stock split have been retroactively adjusted to reflect
the 1-for-5 reverse stock split and the 1-for-20 reverse stock split. During the year ended March 31, 2026,
Subscription Receivable
As
of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the subscription receivable represents the unpaid capital contribution of $
The following table reconciles the Company’s common shares outstanding from March 31, 2025 to March 31, 2026:
| Common Stock Shares | Number of Shares | |||
| Outstanding as of March 31, 2025 | ||||
| Public offering in June 2025 | ||||
| Private placement in September 2025 | ||||
| Cashless exercise of warrants | ||||
| Fractional shares / other adjustments | ||||
| Outstanding as of March 31, 2026 | ||||
The number of shares and warrants, as well as the exercise prices stated herein, have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split that occurred in July 2025 and November 2025.
11 —INCOME TAX
(a) Income Tax Expense
The Company conducts business both domestically and internationally and, as a result, the parent company and most of its subsidiaries file a consolidated income tax return in U.S. federal, U.S. states and U.S. Cities, and one of the subsidiaries files a foreign income tax return in certain foreign jurisdictions.
The
Company will file a consolidated annual U.S. federal tax return for tax year ending March 31, 2026, as well as combined tax returns for
New Jersey, New York State, Florida, Texas, California, District of Columbia, Massachusetts, Maryland, and New York City. Most subsidiaries
of the Company were incorporated in the State of New York and are subject to the U.S. federal corporate income taxes with a tax rate
of
F-29
The
Company’s wholly owned foreign subsidiary in Canada will file a Canadian federal tax return for tax year ending March 31, 2026,
as well as Ontario state tax return. It is subject to the Canadian federal corporate income taxes with a tax rate of
Income tax on unappropriated earnings is accrued during the period the earnings arise and adjusted to the extent that distributions are approved by the stockholders in the following year.
Income
tax expense for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 amounted to $
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Current | ||||||||
| Federal | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||
| State | ||||||||
| City | ( | ) | ||||||
| Foreign | ||||||||
| Deferred | ||||||||
| Federal | ( | ) | ||||||
| State | ||||||||
| City | ( | ) | ||||||
| Foreign | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
The provision for income taxes is based on the following pretax income (loss):
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| U.S. | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Canada | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
For the years ended March 31, 2026, the total pre-tax loss was $
The following table reconciles to the Company’s effective tax rate:
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Pre-tax book loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Federal Statutory rate | % | % | ||||||
| State income tax rate, net of federal income tax benefit | % | % | ||||||
| City income tax rate, net of federal income tax benefit | % | % | ||||||
| Foreign statutory rate | % | % | ||||||
| Permanent differences | % | ( | )% | |||||
| Valuation allowance of deferred tax assets | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||
| Return to project adjustment | % | ( | )% | |||||
| Total | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||
F-30
Penalties
and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expenses in the period incurred. For the years
ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company accrued $
United States
Income tax expense for the year ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 amounted
to $
Significant components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Current | ||||||||
| Federal | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||
| State | ||||||||
| City | ( | ) | ||||||
| Deferred | ||||||||
| Federal | ( | ) | ||||||
| State | ||||||||
| City | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Canada
Fly Toronto Corp, a subsidiary of the Company, was formed under the laws of Canada and conducts its business primarily in Canada.
Income
tax loss for the year ended March 31, 2026 and income tax benefit 2025 amounted to $
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Current | ||||||||
| Federal | $ | $ | ||||||
| State | ||||||||
| City | ||||||||
| Deferred | ||||||||
| Federal | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| State | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| City | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||
F-31
(b) Deferred Tax Assets (Liabilities)
Net
DTAs as of March 31, 2026 and 2025 amounted to and $
| As of March 31, | As of March 31, | |||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Net operating loss carry forwards | $ | $ | ||||||
| Inventory reserve | ||||||||
| Operating right-of-use liability | ||||||||
| ECL allowances | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization difference | ||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets (DTAs) | ||||||||
| Valuation allowance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | $ | ) | $ | |||||
| Accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities (DTLs) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Deferred tax assets, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets (liabilities) – U.S., net | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets – Canada, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial
statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.
As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded approximately $ and $
As a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), US NOLs arising after
December 31, 2017, may be carried forward indefinitely and can offset only up to
Uncertain Tax Positions
The Company evaluates each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measures the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions.
12 — LEASES
The Company adopted Topic 842 for all periods presented. At the inception of a contract, the Company determines if the arrangement is, or contains, a lease. The Company’s leases mainly consisted of offices, retail stores, and warehouses.
F-32
The Company’s operating right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities were as follows:
| As of March 31, | As of March 31, | |||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Operating ROU: | ||||||||
| ROU assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total operating ROU assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| As of March 31, | As of March 31, | |||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Operating lease obligations: | ||||||||
| Current operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-current operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
The
Company had
The weighted average lease term, discount rates, and remaining lease terms for the operating leases as of March 31, 2026 were as follows:
Remaining lease term and discount rate:
| Weighted average annual discount rate | % | |||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |
The weighted average lease term, discount rates, and remaining lease terms for the operating leases as of March 31, 2025 were as follows:
Remaining lease term and discount rate:
| Weighted average annual discount rate | % | |||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |
The
Company leases its offices, warehouse, and retail stores under non-cancellable operating lease agreements. During the year ended March
31, 2026, lease expenses were approximately $
For
the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company terminated
F-33
As of March 31, 2026, future minimum lease liabilities, all under office and facilities non-cancellable operating lease agreements, were as follows:
| Operating | ||||
| Lease | ||||
| Twelve months ending March 31, | Liabilities | |||
| 2027 | $ | |||
| 2028 | ||||
| 2029 | ||||
| 2030 | ||||
| Thereafter | ||||
| Total lease payments | ||||
| Less: interest | ( | ) | ||
| Present value of lease liabilities | $ | |||
13 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Commitments
The Company has not entered any off-balance sheet financial guarantees or other off-balance sheet commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. The Company has not entered any derivative contracts that are indexed to its shares and classified as shareholder’s equity or that are not reflected in its consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, the Company does not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. The Company does not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to itself or engages in leasing, hedging or product development services with itself.
Contingencies
Legal
The Company is a party to certain legal proceedings, as well as certain asserted and unasserted claims. Amounts accrued, as well as the total amount of reasonably possible losses with respect to such matters, individually and in the aggregate, are not deemed to be material to the consolidated financial statements.
The Company’s products and other production facilities as well as the packaging, storage, distribution, advertising and labeling of its products, are subject to extensive legal and regulatory requirements. For example, pursuant to the DMV registration requirement, the Company must satisfy the DMV Registration requirements and conduct required testing for all of its products sold in U.S. Loss of or failure to renew or obtain necessary permits, licenses, registrations, or certificates could prevent the Company from legally selling its products in the U.S. If the Company were found to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations, it could be subject to administrative punishment, including fines, injunctions, recalls or asset seizures, as well as potential criminal sanctions, any of which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. As of the date hereof, the Company believes it is in compliance with the relevant regulations in the U.S.
F-34
Federal securities class action instituted on September 8, 2025
On
September 8, 2025, a federal securities class action was filed in the United States District Court, Eastern District of New York, by
plaintiff Dino Kurt, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, against defendants, the Company, chief executive officer
(the “CEO”) Zhou Ou, and former chief financial officer (the “CFO”) Shiwen Feng (the “Class Action”).
The complaint alleges violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 during the class period spanning from
July 15, 2025, to August 14, 2025. The plaintiff claims that defendants provided materially false and misleading positive statements
about revenue growth, brand reputation, and business expansion, while concealing or minimizing material adverse facts concerning the
safety of the Company’s lithium battery and inadequate forecasting processes, which were already taking a material toll on E-vehicle
(the “EV”) sales revenue. The plaintiff alleged when the Company filed a form NT 10-Q on August 14, 2025, which disclosed
a
The
relief sought includes determining that the action may be maintained as a class action, requiring defendants to pay damages sustained
by the plaintiff and the class, and awarding pre-judgment and post-judgment interest, along with reasonable attorneys’ fees, expert
fees, and other costs, with the monetary damages sought being certified to be in excess of $
On May 22, 2026, the lead plaintiff in the Class Action filed an Amended Complaint. The Company's response to the Amended Complaint is due August 14, 2026. Given the preliminary stage of the lawsuit and the inherent uncertainties of litigation, the Company cannot determine with certainty the outcome of the Class Action at this time.
Any potential loss associated with the action is not reasonably estimable at this early stage. The Company did not accrue any material loss contingencies in this respect as of March 31, 2026.
Shareholder derivative actions instituted on October 28, 2025 and November 17, 2025
On October 28, 2025, a shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed purportedly on behalf of the Company, as nominal defendant, against certain of its current and former directors and officers in the United States Court for the Eastern District of New York, captioned Flynn v. Ou et al, No. 1:25-cv-06036 (E.D.N.Y.) (the “Flynn Action”). The complaint filed in the Flynn Action alleges claims for alleged breach of fiduciary duties and gross mismanagement, among others. On November 17, 2025, an additional putative shareholder derivative lawsuit was filed purportedly on behalf of the Company, as nominal defendant, against certain of its current and former directors and officers in the United States Court for the Eastern District of New York, captioned Shah v. Ou et al, No. 1:25-cv-06372 (E.D.N.Y.) (the “Shah Action”). The complaint filed in the Shah Action alleges claims for alleged breach of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, waste of corporate assets, gross mismanagement, abuse of control, among others.
The Flynn Action and Shah Action are based on the same alleged facts and circumstances as the Class Action and seek damages from the current and former directors and officers and an order directing the Company and current and former directors and officers to take actions to reform and improve corporate governance and internal procedures. On December 9, 2025, the Court consolidated the Flynn Action and Shah Action into a single consolidated action captioned In re Fly-E Group, Inc. Stockholder Derivative Litigation, No. 1:25-cv-06036 (E.D.N.Y.)(the “Consolidated Derivative Action”), and appointed co-lead counsel. The current and former director and officer defendants dispute the allegations in the complaints and intend to vigorously defend against all claims. Given the preliminary stage of the lawsuit and the inherent uncertainties of litigation, we cannot determine with certainty the outcome of the Consolidated Derivative Action at this time.
SEC Investigation
On January 21, 2026, the Company was notified by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) that it has initiated an investigation involving the Company. The Company has not been provided with substantive details regarding the investigation, and is fully cooperating with the investigation.
UL Litigation
On
or about March 12, 2025, UL LLC (“UL”) filed a complaint against the Company, along with the Company’s certain subsidiaries
and certain individuals, in the Eastern District of New York (the “Complaint”). The Complaint alleges that the Company improperly
used UL’s trademark by claiming certain products were certified by UL. On May 21, 2025, the Company and UL entered into a settlement
and release agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”) on mutually acceptable settlement terms. Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement,
the Company agreed to pay UL an aggregate amount of $
F-35
Inflation
Inflationary factors, such as increases in personnel and overhead costs, could impair the Company’s operating results. Although the Company does not believe that inflation has had a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on the Company’s ability to maintain current levels of gross margin and operating expenses as a percentage of sales revenue if the revenues do not increase with such increased costs.
14 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
(A) Related party balances
Accounts receivable, net — a related party
| Name of Related Party | Relationship | Nature | As of 2026 | As of 2025 | ||||||||
| Fly E Bike SRL | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Accounts receivable – a related party | ||||||||||||
| Less: Allowance for credit losses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net – a related party | $ | $ | ||||||||||
During
the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company received $
Prepayments and other receivables — related parties
| As of March 31, | As of March 31, | |||||||||||
| Name of Related Party | Relationship | Nature | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||
| Fly E Bike SRL | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| PJMG LLC | ||||||||||||
| Prepayments and other receivables – related parties | $ | $ | ||||||||||
During
the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company advanced $
F-36
On
April 1, 2023, the Company agreed to retain the services of PJMG, a company in which Mr. Guo, the Company’s former CFO who resigned
on November 6, 2024, holds over
Long-term prepayment for software development – a related party
| As of March 31, | As of March 31, | |||||||||||
| Name of Related Party | Relationship | Nature | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||
| DF Technology US Inc (“DFT”) | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Long-term prepayment for software development — a related party | $ | $ | ||||||||||
In
December 2023, the Company engaged DFT for development of certain technology services. Mr. Guo, the Company’s former CFO who resigned
on November 6, 2024, owns over
Accrued expenses and other payables – a related party
During
the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Company’s former CEO advanced $
(B) Related party transactions
Revenues — a related party
| For the Years Ended | ||||||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||||||
| Name of Related Party | Relationship | Nature | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||
| Fly E Bike SRL | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Revenues — a related party | $ | $ | ||||||||||
During
the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, Fly E Bike SRL, purchased certain EV products from the Company in the amount of and $
F-37
(C) Other Related Party Transactions
On March 6, 2021, the Company and DGLG entered into an engagement letter,
pursuant to which the Company engaged DGLG as a consultant to assist the Company in its IPO planning, financing and tax services. Mr.
Guo, the Company’s former CFO who resigned on November 6, 2024, is a partner at DGLG. Under the terms of the engagement agreement
with DGLG, the Company has agreed to compensate DGLG for consulting services based on an hourly fee arrangement. DGLG’s consulting
fees were and for the years ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. In addition, during the years ended March 31, 2026 and
2025, the Company paid DGLG a total of and $
On
April 1, 2023, the Company agreed to retain the services of PJMG, a company in which Mr. Guo, the Company’s former CFO who resigned
on November 6, 2024, holds over
15 — DISPOSAL OF SUBSIDIARIES
During the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company committed to the disposal of certain subsidiaries. The decision was driven by two primary factors: (1) to simplify the Company’s legal and operational structure, and (2) to create a more streamlined and transparent organizational structure, thereby reducing the complexity of consolidation across auditing, finance, and tax reporting. These subsidiaries were not part of a strategic exit from the New York region or the retail industry. Rather, the disposal was intended to enhance administrative efficiency and align the Company’s structure with its long-term operational goals.
In
December 2024, the Company decided to proceed with the disposal plan and sell
On
March 11, 2025, the management team approved to sell
On
April 2, 2025, the management team approved to sell
F-38
On
May 6, 2025, the management team approved to sell
On
June 17, 2025, the management team approved to sell
On
July 18, 2025, the management team approved to sell
On
August 19, 2025, the management team approved to sell
On
December 19, 2025, the management team approved to sell
On
December 21, 2025, the management team approved to sell
There was gain on the sale of subsidiaries of
$
F-39
During the year ended March 31, 2026, the Company completed the disposal of certain subsidiaries. In accordance with ASC 205-20, Discontinued Operations, the Company evaluated whether these disposals represent a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. Based on this evaluation, the Company concluded that these disposals do not qualify for presentation as discontinued operations.
To support this conclusion, the following table presents a quantitative comparison of the disposed subsidiaries’ financial metrics against those of the consolidated Company for the most recent annual period prior to disposal:
| Metric | Disposed Subsidiaries | Consolidated Company | % of Consolidated | |||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | % | |||||||||
| Net assets | $ | $ | % | |||||||||
As illustrated above, the disposed subsidiaries in the aggregate represent a quantitatively insignificant portion of the Company’s revenues or net assets. The Company therefore concluded that these disposals do not constitute a strategic shift that has a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results as contemplated by ASC 205-20-45-1B. Accordingly, the results of operations of the disposed subsidiaries are presented within continuing operations for all periods presented.
Summarized Held for Sale Financial Information
A summary of the carrying amounts of major classes of assets and liabilities, which are included in assets and liabilities held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet, is as follows:
| As of March 31, | As of March 31, | |||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivables | ||||||||
| Inventories, net | ||||||||
| Prepayments and other receivables | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Security deposits | ||||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Assets held for sale | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other payables | $ | $ | ||||||
| Short-term loan payables | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities – current | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities – non-current | ||||||||
| Liabilities held for sale | $ | $ | ||||||
There was no gain or loss on the sale of subsidiaries on January 1, 2025:
Total
consideration determined: $
Net
assets disposed of, excluding intercompany other receivables: $
16 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company has evaluated subsequent events after March 31, 2026, up through July 23, 2026, the date at which the consolidated financial statements were issued. Except for the events mentioned below, the Company did not identify any subsequent events with material financial impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
F-40
Exhibit 4.1
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
Authorized Capital Stock
As of July 14, 2026, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 300,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of which 1,632,386 shares of common stock are issued and outstanding, and 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, of which no shares of preferred stock are issued and outstanding. We are a Delaware corporation, and our affairs are governed by our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws. The following are summaries of material provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws insofar as they relate to the material terms of our common stock. Complete copies of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated by-laws are filed as exhibits to our public filings.
Common Stock
Shares of our common stock have the following rights, preferences and privileges:
Voting
Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Any action at a meeting at which a quorum is present will be decided by a majority of the voting power present in person or represented by proxy, except in the case of any election of directors, which will be decided by a plurality of votes cast. There is no cumulative voting.
Dividends
Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available for payment, subject to the rights of holders, if any, of any class of stock having preference over the common stock. Any decision to pay dividends on our common stock will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Our board of directors may or may not determine to declare dividends in the future. The board’s determination to issue dividends will depend upon our profitability and financial condition any contractual restrictions, restrictions imposed by applicable law and the SEC, and other factors that our board of directors deems relevant.
Liquidation Rights
In the event of a voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the holders of our common stock will be entitled to share ratably on the basis of the number of shares held in any of the assets available for distribution after we have paid in full, or provided for payment of, all of our debts and after the holders of all outstanding series of any class of stock have preference over the common stock, if any, have received their liquidation preferences in full.
Other
Our issued and outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable. Holders of shares of our common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights. Shares of our common stock are not convertible into shares of any other class of capital stock, nor are they subject to any redemption or sinking fund provisions.
Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaw Provisions
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws include a number of anti-takeover provisions that may have the effect of encouraging persons considering unsolicited tender offers or other unilateral takeover proposals to negotiate with our board of directors rather than pursue non-negotiated takeover attempts. These provisions include:
Advance Notice Requirements. Our bylaws establish advance notice procedures with regard to stockholder proposals relating to the nomination of candidates for election as directors or new business to be brought before meetings of stockholders. These procedures provide that notice of stockholder proposals must be timely and given in writing to our corporate Secretary. Generally, to be timely, notice must be received at our principal executive offices not later than 90 days and not earlier than 120 calendar days prior to the first anniversary date of the immediately preceding year’s annual meeting, subject to certain exceptions. The notice must contain the information required by the bylaws, including information regarding the proposal and the proponent.
Special Meetings of Stockholders. Our bylaws provide that special meetings of stockholders may be called at any time by only the board of directors or the Chief Executive Officer.
No Written Consent of Stockholders. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that any action required or permitted to be taken by stockholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be effected by any consent in writing by such stockholders.
Amendment of Bylaws. Our bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed and new bylaws may be adopted by the stockholders or by the board of directors at any regular meeting of the stockholders or of the board of directors, at any special meeting of the stockholders or of the board of directors or by written action by the board of directors if notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of new bylaws be contained in the notice of such meeting or any notice required for such written action.
Preferred Stock. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes our board of directors to create and issue rights entitling our stockholders to purchase shares of our stock or other securities. The ability of our board to establish the rights and issue substantial amounts of preferred stock without the need for stockholder approval may delay or deter a change in control of us.
2
Classified Board of Directors. Our board of directors are divided into three classes of directors, with the classes as nearly equal in number as possible, and with the directors serving three-year terms. As a result, approximately one-third of our board of directors will be elected each year. The classification of directors will have the effect of making it more difficult for stockholders to change the composition of our board of directors. Our amended and restated bylaws also provide that, subject to any rights of holders of preferred stock to elect additional directors under specified circumstances, the number of directors will be fixed exclusively pursuant to a resolution adopted by our board of directors.
Delaware Takeover Statute
We are not subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”). In general, Section 203 prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with an “interested stockholder” for a three-year period following the time that the person becomes an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A “business combination” includes, among other things, a merger, asset or stock sale or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns, or did own within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock.
Under Section 203 of the DGCL, a business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder is prohibited unless it satisfies one of the following conditions: (1) before the stockholder became an interested stockholder, the board of directors approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; (2) upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding, shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers, and employee stock plans, in some instances; or (3) at or after the time the stockholder became an interested stockholder, the business combination was approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.
A Delaware corporation may “opt out” of these provisions with an express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or an express provision in its certificate of incorporation or bylaws resulting from a stockholders’ amendment approved by at least a majority of the outstanding voting shares.
Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws limit the liability of our officers and directors and provide that we will indemnify our officers and directors, in each case, to the fullest extent permitted by the DGCL.
3
Exhibit 21.1
SUBSIDIARIES OF FLY-E GROUP, INC.
The following is a list of subsidiaries of Fly-E Group, Inc. as of July 14, 2026.
| Legal Name | Jurisdiction | |
| FLY EV, INC. | Delaware | |
| FLY E-BIKE, INC. | Delaware | |
| UNIVERSE KING CORP | New York | |
| FLYEBIKE INC | New York | |
| FLYEBIKE WORLD INC. | New York | |
| FLY DELIVERY INC. | New York | |
| FLYDC INC. | Washington, D.C. | |
| FLYLA INC. | California | |
| AOFL LLC | New York | |
| GOBIKE INC | New York | |
| FLYEBIKE BOSTON INC. | Massachusetts | |
| FLYE ELYX INC. | New York |
Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
OF THE
PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND RULE 15d-14(a)
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Zhou Ou, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 of Fly-E Group, Inc.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant and its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: July 23, 2026 | By: | /s Zhou Ou |
| Zhou Ou | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
OF THE
PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) AND RULE 15d-14(a)
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Lisa Fan, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026 of Fly-E Group, Inc.; |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant and its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; |
| b) | Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
| c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and |
| d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and |
| b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| Date: July 23, 2026 | By: | /s/ Lisa Fan |
| Lisa Fan | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Accounting and Financial Officer) |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION
OF THE
PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Fly-E Group, Inc.(the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Zhou Ou, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as added by §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
| 1. | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and |
| 2. | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the Report. |
| Date: July 23, 2026 | By: | /s/ Zhou Ou |
| Zhou Ou | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) |
Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION
OF THE
PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of Fly-E Group, Inc.(the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Lisa Fan, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as added by §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
| 1. | The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and |
| 2. | The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the period covered by the Report. |
| Date: July 23, 2026 | By: | /s/ Lisa Fan |
| Lisa Fan | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Accounting and Financial Officer) |