Frontier Nuclear & Minerals Inc F-1/A, filed Jul 30, 2021
Frontier Nuclear & Minerals Inc. (FNUC)
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 30, 2021
Registration No. 333-254755
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
AMENDMENT NO. 2 TO
FORM F-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Not Applicable
(Translation of Registrant’s Name into English)
| Manitoba, Canada | 1099 | Not Applicable | ||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
242 Hargrave Street, #1700
Winnipeg, Manitoba R3C 0V1 Canada
info@snowlakeresources.com
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
Cogency Global Inc.
122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor
New York, NY 10168
(800)221-0102
(Names, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
| Louis A. Bevilacqua, Esq. | Mitchell Nussbaum, Esq. | |
| Bevilacqua PLLC | Norwood P. Beveridge, Esq. | |
| 1050 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 500 | Loeb & Loeb LLP | |
| Washington, DC 20036 | 345 Park Avenue | |
| (202) 869-0888 | New York, NY 10154 | |
| (212) 407-4000 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☐
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
| Title of each class of securities to be registered | Proposed
maximum aggregate offering price(1) | Amount of registration fee | ||||||
| Common Shares, no par value(2)(3) | $ | 23,000,000 | $ | 2,509.30 | (4) | |||
| (1) | There is no current market for the securities or price at which the shares are being offered. Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the amount of the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
| (2) | Includes [ ] common shares that may be purchased by the underwriters pursuant to their over-allotment option. |
| (3) | Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, there is also being registered hereby such indeterminate number of additional common shares of the registrant as may be issued or issuable because of share splits, share dividends, share distributions, and similar transactions. |
| (4) | Previously paid. |
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
| PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS | SUBJECT TO COMPLETION | DATED JULY 30, 2021 |
Common Shares
Snow Lake Resources Ltd.
This is the initial public offering of our common shares. We are offering [ ] common shares. We currently estimate that the initial public offering price will be between US$[ ] and US$[ ] per share.
Currently, no public market exists for our common shares. We plan to apply to list our common shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “[ ]”. We believe that upon the completion of this offering, we will meet the standards for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, and as such, have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for this prospectus and future filings. See “Prospectus Summary—Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company.”
We expect be a “controlled company” under the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market, immediately after consummation of this offering and we expect to avail ourselves of the corporate governance exemptions afforded to a “controlled company” under the rules of Nasdaq. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Common Shares and this Offering.”
Investing in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 11 of this prospectus for a discussion of information that should be considered in connection with an investment in our common shares.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
| Per Share | Total | |||||||
| Initial public offering price | US$ | US$ | ||||||
| Underwriting discounts and commissions(1) | US$ | US$ | ||||||
| Proceeds to us, before expenses | US$ | US$ |
| (1) | Underwriting discounts and commissions do not include a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 1.0% of the initial public offering price payable to the underwriters. We refer you to “Underwriting” beginning on page 107 for additional information regarding underwriters’ compensation. |
We have granted a 45 day option to the representative of the underwriters to purchase up to an additional [ ] common shares at the public offering price less the underwriting discount and commissions.
The underwriters expect to deliver the common shares to purchasers on or about [ ], 2021.
ThinkEquity
a division of Fordham Financial Management, Inc.
The date of this prospectus is [ ], 2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. Neither we, nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide you with different information. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus, or any free writing prospectus, as the case may be, or any sale of common shares.
For investors outside the United States: Neither we, nor the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the common shares and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.
This prospectus includes statistical and other industry and market data that we obtained from industry publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Industry publications and third-party research, surveys and studies generally indicate that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, although they do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe these industry publications and third-party research, surveys and studies are reliable, you are cautioned not to give undue weight to this information.
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SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Cautionary Note Regarding Presentation of Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resource Estimates
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, adopted final rules in 2018 to amend and modernize the mineral property disclosure requirements for issuers whose securities are registered with the SEC under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, or the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These amendments, which we refer to as the SEC Mining Modernization Rules, became effective February 25, 2019, with compliance, following a transition period, required for the first fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2021. Under the SEC Mining Modernization Rules, following the transition period, the historical property disclosure requirements for mining registrants included in SEC Industry Guide 7 has been rescinded and replaced with disclosure requirements in subpart 1300 of SEC Regulation S-K, or S-K 1300. Domestic companies and foreign private issuers that file reports with the SEC are now required to disclose mineral resources, mineral reserves, and material exploration results for material mining operations in accordance with S-K 1300.
As a Canadian foreign private issuer that is not eligible to file reports with the SEC pursuant to the multi-jurisdictional disclosure system, we are required to provide disclosure on our mineral properties under the SEC Mining Modernization Rules beginning with our fiscal year starting July 1, 2021. We provide that disclosure in this prospectus.
As a result of the adoption of the SEC Mining Modernization Rules, the SEC now recognizes estimates of “measured mineral resources,” “indicated mineral resources” and “inferred mineral resources.” In addition, the SEC has amended its definitions of “proven mineral reserves” and “probable mineral reserves” to be “substantially similar” to the corresponding definitions under the CIM Standards that are required under NI 43-101. Information regarding inferred mineral resources contained or referenced in this prospectus now complies with the SEC disclosure guidelines adopted under the SEC Mining Modernization Rules as codified in S-K 1300 and should be comparable to similar information made public by other companies that report in accordance with U.S. or Canadian standards.
We are still in the exploration stage and our planned commercial operations have not commenced. There is currently no commercial production at our Thompson Brothers Lithium Project sites, which we refer to herein as the TBL property. We have completed a technical report that, we believe, is in compliance with the SEC’s new S-K 1300 disclosure rules. We have not yet completed a preliminary economic Assessment, or PEA, or started a preliminary feasibility study, or PFS, of the TBL property. As such, our TBL property’s’ estimated proven or probable mineral reserves, expected mine life and lithium pricing cannot be determined at this time as the feasibility studies, drilling and pit design optimizations have not yet been undertaken.
Competent Person Statement
Some scientific and technical information contained herein with respect to the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project is derived from the report titled “Technical Report Summary and Resource Estimate, Thompson Brothers Lithium Project, Snow Lake Area, Herb lake Mining Division, Manitoba, Canada” prepared for us with an effective date of June 7, 2021. We refer to this report herein as our S-K 1300 Report or our S-K 1300 compliant indicated and inferred mineral resource report. Canmine Consultants and Nuterra Geoscience have approved and verified the scientific and technical information related to the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project contained in the S-K 1300 Report and reproduced in this prospectus.
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GLOSSARY OF MINING TERMS
The following is a glossary of certain mining terms that may be used in this prospectus.
| Ag | Silver. |
| Alluvial | A placer formed by the action of running water, as in a stream channel or alluvial fan; also said of the valuable mineral (e.g. gold or diamond) associated with an alluvial placer. |
| Assay | A metallurgical analysis used to determine the quantity (or grade) of various metals in a sample. |
| Au | Gold. |
| Claim | A mining right that grants a holder the exclusive right to search and develop any mineral substance within a given area. |
|
CIM |
The Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. |
| CIM Standards | The CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves adopted by CIM Council from time to time. |
| Concentrate | A clean product recovered in flotation, which has been upgraded sufficiently for downstream processing or sale. |
| Core drilling | A specifically designed hollow drill, known as a core drill, is used to remove a cylinder of material from the drill hole, much like a hole saw. The material left inside the drill bit is referred to as the core. In mineral exploration, cores removed from the core drill may be several hundred to several thousand feet in length. |
| Cu | Copper. |
|
Competent Person |
A Competent Person is a minerals industry professional responsible for the preparation and/or signing off reports on exploration results and mineral resources and reserves estimates and who is accountable for the prepared reports. A Competent Person has a minimum of five years’ relevant experience in the style of mineralization or type of deposit under consideration and in the activity which that person is undertaking. A Competent Person must hold acceptable qualification titles as listed in all Reporting Codes and Reporting Standards (NRO Recognized Professional Organizations with enforceable disciplinary processes including the powers to suspend or expel a member) and thus is recognized by governments, stock exchanges, international entities and regulators. |
| Cut-off grade | When determining economically viable mineral reserves, the lowest grade of mineralized material that can be mined and processed at a profit. |
| Deposit | An informal term for an accumulation of mineralization or other valuable earth material of any origin. |
| Dilational structure | Structures composed of mechanisms whose only degree of freedom corresponds to dilation. |
| Drift | A horizontal or nearly horizontal underground opening driven along a vein to gain access to the deposit. |
| Dyke | A long and relatively thin body of igneous rock that, while in the molten state, intruded a fissure in older rocks. |
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| En-echelon | Structures within rock caused by noncoaxial shear. |
| Exploration | Prospecting, sampling, mapping, diamond drilling and other work involved in searching for ore. |
| Flotation | A milling process in which valuable mineral particles are induced to become attached to bubbles and float as others sink. |
| FS | A Feasibility Study is a comprehensive technical and economic study of the selected development option for a mineral project that includes appropriately detailed assessments of applicable Modifying Factors together with any other relevant operational factors and detailed financial analysis that are necessary to demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that extraction is reasonably justified (economically mineable). The results of the study may reasonably serve as the basis for a final decision by a proponent or financial institution to proceed with, or finance, the development of the project. The confidence level of the study will be higher than that of a Pre-Feasibility Study. |
| Grade | Term used to indicate the concentration of an economically desirable mineral or element in its host rock as a function of its relative mass. With gold, this term may be expressed as grams per tonne (g/t) or ounces per tonne (opt). |
| Greywacke | A variety of sandstone generally characterized by its hardness, dark color, and poorly sorted angular grains of quartz, feldspar, and small rock fragments set in a compact, clay-fine matrix. |
| Ha | Hectare - An area totaling 10,000 square meters or 2.47 acres. |
| Indicated Mineral Resource | Part of a mineral resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. |
| Inferred Mineral Resource | Part of a mineral resource for which quantity and grade or quality can be estimated on the basis of limited geological evidence and sampling and reasonably implied, but not verified, geological and grade continuity. |
| Km | Kilometre(s). Equal to 0.62 miles. |
| kMT | Kilo metric tonne. |
| LCE | Lithium Carbonate Equivalent - Trade in lithium is largely centered around key lithium raw materials and chemicals such as spodumene concentrate, lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide, which vary significantly in their lithium content. To normalize this varied lithium content data, market participants will often also report data in terms of a “lithium carbonate equivalent,” or “LCE.” |
| Lithologic | The character of a rock formation, a rock formation having a particular set of characteristics. |
| M | Metre(s). Equal to 3.28 feet. |
| Mafic | Igneous rocks composed mostly of dark, iron- and magnesium-rich minerals. |
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| Massive | Said of a mineral deposit, especially of sulfides, characterized by a great concentration of mineralization in one place, as opposed to a disseminated or vein-like deposit. |
| Measured Mineral Resource | Part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape, physical characteristics are so well established that they can be estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support production planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and grade continuity. |
| Metallurgy | The science and art of separating metals and metallic minerals from their ores by mechanical and chemical processes. |
| Mineral | A naturally occurring homogeneous substance having definite physical properties and chemical composition and, if formed under favorable conditions, a definite crystal form. |
| Mineral Deposit | A mass of naturally occurring mineral material, e.g. metal ores or nonmetallic minerals, usually of economic value, without regard to mode of origin. |
| Mineralization | A natural occurrence in rocks or soil of one or more yielding minerals or metals. |
| Mineral Project | The term “mineral project” means any exploration, development or production activity, including a royalty or similar interest in these activities, in respect of diamonds, natural solid inorganic material, or natural solid fossilized organic material including base, precious and rare metals, coal, and industrial minerals. |
| Mineral Reserve |
The economically mineable part of a Measured and/or Indicated Mineral Resource. |
| Mineral Resource | A concentration or occurrence of diamonds, natural, solid, inorganic or fossilized organic material including base and precious metals, coal and industrial minerals in or on the Earth’s crust in such form and quantity and of such a grade or quality that it has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. |
| Net Smelter Royalty | The aggregate proceeds received from time to time from any arm’s length smelter or other arm’s length purchaser from the sale of any ores, concentrates, metals or other material of commercial value, net of expenses. |
| Modifying Factors | Considerations used to convert Mineral Resources to Mineral Reserves. These include, but are not restricted to, mining, processing, metallurgical, infrastructure, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social and governmental factors. |
| Mt | Metric tonne. Metric measurement of weight equivalent to 1,000 kilograms or 2,204.6 pounds. |
| NI 43-101 | National Instrument 43-101 is a national instrument for the Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects within Canada. The Instrument is a codified set of rules and guidelines for reporting and displaying information related to mineral properties owned by, or explored by, companies which report these results on stock exchanges within Canada. issuers that are subject to Canadian securities laws. This includes Canadian entities as well as foreign-owned mining entities who have securities that trade on stock exchanges or Over The Counter (OTC) markets overseen by the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA), even if they only trade on Over The Counter (OTC) derivatives or other instrumented securities. |
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|
Ore
|
Mineralized material that can be extracted and processed at a profit. |
| Ounce | A measure of weight in gold and other precious metals, correctly troy ounces, which weigh 31.2 grams as distinct from an imperial ounce which weigh 28.4 grams. |
| PEA | Preliminary economic assessment. A study, other than a pre-feasibility or feasibility study, that includes an economic analysis of the potential viability of mineral resources. |
| Pegmatite | An igneous rock, formed by slow crystallization at high temperature and pressure at depth, and exhibiting large interlocking crystals usually greater in size than 2.5 cm (1 in). |
| PFS | Preliminary feasibility study. A Preliminary Feasibility Study is a comprehensive study of a range of options for the technical and economic viability of a mineral project that has advanced to a stage where a preferred mining method, in the case of underground mining, or the pit configuration, in the case of an open pit, is established and an effective method of mineral processing is determined. It includes a financial analysis based on reasonable assumptions on the Modifying Factors and the evaluation of any other relevant factors which are sufficient for a Qualified Person, acting reasonably, to determine if all or part of the Mineral Resource may be converted to a Mineral Reserve at the time of reporting. A Pre-Feasibility Study is at a lower confidence level than a Feasibility Study. |
| Probable Mineral Reserve | The mineable part of an indicated, and in some circumstances, a Measured Mineral Resource. The confidence in the Modifying Factors applying to a Probable Mineral Reserve is lower than that applying to a Proven Mineral Reserve. |
| Proven Mineral Reserve | The term “proven mineral reserve” is the economically mineable part of a Measured Mineral Resource. A Proven Mineral Reserve implies a high degree of confidence in the Modifying Factors. |
| Qualified Person | An individual who is an engineer or geoscientist with at least five years of experience in mineral exploration, mine development, production activities and project assessment, or any combination thereof, including experience relevant to the subject matter of the project or report and is a member in good standing of a self-regulating organization. |
| Reclamation | Restoration of mined land to original contour, use, or condition where possible. |
| Spodumene | A pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminium inosilicate, LiAl(SiO3)2, and is a source of lithium. |
| Sedimentary | Said of rock formed at the Earth’s surface from solid particles, whether mineral or organic, which have been moved from their position of origin and re-deposited, or chemically precipitated. |
| Strike | The direction, or bearing from true north, of a vein or rock formation measure on a horizontal surface. |
| Tenement | A mineral claim. |
| Tonne | A metric ton of 1,000 kilograms (2,205 pounds). |
| μm | Micrometer. |
| Zn | Zinc. |
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This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before deciding whether to invest in our common shares. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, including the risks associated with an investment in our company discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus, before making an investment decision. Some of the statements in this prospectus are forward-looking statements. See the section titled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
In this prospectus, “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company,” “Snow Lake” and similar references refer to Snow Lake Resources Ltd. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Our Company
Our Mission
Snow Lake is committed to being the first fully renewable energy powered electric mine in the world that can deliver a completely traceable, conflict free, net zero carbon, battery grade lithium to the electric vehicle, or EV, consumer market. We aspire to not only set the standard for responsible lithium battery manufacturing but we intend to be the first lithium producer in the world to achieve Certified B Corporation status in the process. As a Certified B Corporation (defined on page 3), we would hope to participate in accelerating the global culture shift to redefine success in business and help to build a more inclusive and sustainable economy.
Overview
We are an exploration stage mining company engaged in lithium exploration in the province of Manitoba, Canada.
On March 7, 2019, we and Nova Minerals, our parent company, entered into a share sale agreement, whereby, as part of a group restructuring, we acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of Thompson Bros (Lithium) Pty Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Nova Minerals and owner of the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project discussed below.
Our primary focus is currently conducting exploration for lithium at our 100% owned Thompson Brothers Lithium Project. See “Business – Our Mineral Project – Thompson Brothers Lithium Project.” Our objective is to develop a world-class lithium mine in Manitoba and to become the first fully energy renewable lithium hydroxide producer in North America, strategically located to supply the U.S. “Auto Alley,” from Michigan to the southern United States, and the European battery market via our nearby access to the Hudson Bay Railway and the Port of Churchill. With our commitment to the environment, corporate social responsibility and sustainability, we aim to derive substantial revenues from the sale of lithium hydroxide to the growing EV and battery storage markets in the U.S. and abroad. With access to renewable energy produced in Manitoba, we expect to become the first supplier in North America of lithium mined exclusively with the benefit of power produced from fully sustainable, local sources.
The Historical Setting for the Growth of Lithium Demand
The unprecedented prosperity of the 20th century is very much attributable to the discovery of oil in Western Pennsylvania in the mid-1800s and the subsequent invention of the internal combustion engine. The symbiotic relationship between oil and the internal combustion engine has been the underpinning of world economic growth, expansion and, most importantly, the empowerment of millions of people to whom mobility and freedom have become a way of life. The interstate highways that flourished in the United States over the past century have enabled commercial fluidity across the globe that capitalized exponentially on the gilded age of rail.
Until recently, a world without oil and the internal combustion engine was inconceivable and environmentalists protesting the high price being paid for our economic way of life, were brandished unrealistic luddites. The paradox of environmental sensitivity and the irreversible progress of a polluting population seemed permanently juxtaposed, until it wasn’t.
Today, we have reached the confluence where economic reality and social responsibility can finally meet. Thanks to technological innovation, through the development of the lithium battery we can now create an electric fleet of vehicles that not only delivers luxury and economy but is also ecologically friendly to our planet. We are now on the precipice of the next great economic age - preceded by the steam engine, the railroad, the combustion engine and the internet, we are now ready to be catapulted into the electric age. With the advent of the lithium battery, no longer will we have to rely on fossil fuel to power our economy or our cars as we embark into the next great age and, more importantly, we can limit and ultimately reverse the damage caused to our planet by the rapid economic expansion of the past century.
The Coming Commodity Supercycle and Growth in Lithium Demand
From our perspective, indications suggest that we are currently on the verge of a commodity supercycle fueled by pent up demand, infrastructure spending and post-COVID-19 economic exuberance. We expect that lithium, in particular, will benefit not only from a general rise in commodity demand but, specifically, from what we see as the tipping point for vehicle fleet electrification.
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We believe that the journey now to the full electrification of our global automobile fleet has begun. Demand for EVs is being driven by conscious consumers who take the threat of global warming seriously and who have forced a universal commitment from the manufacturing industry to produce cars to match their environmentally conservative outlook. During the coming years, the achievement of this fleet conversion will be the primary challenge for the worldwide automobile industry and the determining factor will not be design or engineering, but batteries. Batteries will be the fuel and gold of the 21st century. Based on today’s predictions of the trajectory of future EV growth, the world will not have sufficient battery capacity to match growing demand. Today’s global fleet of approximately 1.4 billion automobiles includes 10 million plug in electric vehicles, an increase from only one million such EVs in 2015. Extrapolating the growth trajectory of EV demand, we believe that current industrial infrastructure is not scaled sufficiently to meet the coming demand.
Lithium is the key mineral ingredient in the power storage component of the EV revolution and the global demand growth curve for lithium consumption over the next decade is expected to be exponential. While normal commodity cycles are affected by incremental and organic growth, it is only once in a century that we witness new, previously nonexistent demand grow to accommodate a new economic, social and cultural reality.
We believe that current global lithium production cannot cover a fraction of the projected exponential growth anticipated in the coming EV growth cycle and we intend to position our company to become a significant lithium supplier to the North American automotive industry and beyond.
The table below shows the expected increase in lithium consumption through 2025.
As can be seen in this table, the leading driver for the growth in lithium consumption has been, and will continue to be, battery production for EVs. Fortune Business Insights has predicted that the EV market will exhibit a CAGR of 21.1% during the period from 2019 to 20261
Today, a large portion of the global lithium output is mined in diverse global locations such as Australia and Chile, transported great distances, primarily to China, for processing and then shipped again, back to the North American automobile industry. This is not a sustainable model and will not provide the necessary environmental or geopolitical comfort that will be required to electrify the global fleet of automobiles.
| 1 | https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/05/15/2034346/0/en/Electric-Vehicle-EV-Market-to-Rise-at-21-1- CAGR-till-2026-Product-Innovations-are-Leading-to-Wider-Adoption-says-Fortune-Business-Insights.html |
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Our Corporate Strategy
Recently, EV auto makers have begun to face consumer scrutiny relating to the sourcing of materials, including lithium, that go into the makeup of electric vehicles. Additionally, in recent years, pressure has begun to be placed on EV auto makers by consumers and investors demanding that environmental, sustainability and governance, or ESG, standards be met in exchange for their investment dollars.
Extracting a natural resource to meet demand in an age old fashion similar to how other commodities are mined is not our approach. Today’s environmentally conscious consumers no longer want to be willfully ignorant of the sourcing and impact of the raw materials that are part of their everyday lives. Today’s conscious consumers of electric vehicles will not be satisfied by a pollution free means of transportation if the means to deliver that environmentally friendly car involve dubious mining ethics, pollutive extraction and processing, long distance logistics and general environmental damage in the process. It is understandable that consumers and investors who wish to see a sustainable future through EVs and sustainable lithium batteries would also care that their production does not put the environment, and their future, at unnecessary risk.
Snow Lake is committed to being the first, fully renewable energy powered electric mine in the world that can deliver fully traceable, conflict free, net zero carbon, battery grade lithium to the electric vehicle consumer market. We intend not only to set the standard for responsible battery manufacturing but also to become the first lithium producer in the world to achieve Certified B Corporation status in the process.
We intend to achieve our environmental, sustainability and governance friendly strategy through utilization and operation of the following initiatives and resources:
| ● | We have entered into a memorandum of understanding, or MOU, with Meglab Electronique Inc. for Meglab’s delivery to us of the first all electric lithium mine in the world. We have also entered into a MOU with CentrePort Canada Inc. to have CentrePort as the potential location to build our hydroxide plant. In April 2021, we entered into a MOU with IMG Investitions- und Marketinggesellschaft Sachsen-Anhalt mbH, the economic development agency for the state of Saxony-Anhalt, to consider investment in a lithium hydroxide plant in the Saxony-Anhalt region for final processing. We cannot guarantee, however, that the above nonbinding MOUs will lead to definitive agreements. |
| ● | Power to operate our future lithium mine is expected to be supplied by Manitoba Hydro on a 97% renewable basis; |
| ● | We are currently identifying sites within Manitoba for hydroxide processing of spodumene that will be powered by renewable energy sources; |
| ● | The Arctic Gateway Group’s Hudson Bay Railway lines are located within 30 kilometers of our TBL property will connect our lithium mining operations to the North American auto industry with a minimum carbon footprint, with total mine to manufacturer distance of less than 1,000 miles; and |
| ● | We intend to apply for “B Corporation” certification reflecting our corporate dedication to standards of social sustainability, environmental performance, accountability and transparency. A “Certified B Corporation” is a business that meets the highest standards of verified social and environmental performance, public transparency, and legal accountability to balance profit and purpose. We have begun the preliminary process to become a “pending” B corporation and expect to formally apply for B Corporation status approximately one year after we complete this offering and ramp up our operations. There can be no assurance at this time that we will receive “pending” B corporation status, that we will be able to apply for full B Corporation status within the time frame referenced above or that we will be successful in achieving B Corporation status. |
These factors will give us a competitive edge and first mover status in delivering a fully verifiable, environmentally friendly product to a rapid growth market that is consumer driven to demand a new level of transparency and responsibility.
Practical Steps
We have launched our PEA, which will include in depth metallurgy analysis, resource definition, engineering assessment and ore sorting optimization, among other studies, during the third calendar quarter of 2021. During the third or fourth quarter of 2021 we are planning to begin an additional drilling program to further expand our existing resource and a mag drone survey that will be partially financed by a grant from the Manitoba Government. In 2022 we intend to initiate our PFS with additional drilling exploration programs on the TBL property to survey historic drilling holes from Sherritt Gordon’s lithium discoveries more than 50 years ago, the records of which are intact. Also, we are beginning our environmental studies process during the later part of 2021 and sometime in 2022 we will begin the permitting for the start of our future mining operations. We are confident that we will confirm the historic mineralization assessments on the TBL property and be in a position to launch our mining operations during 2023.
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The Thompson Brothers Lithium Project
Our 100% owned Thompson Brothers Lithium Project consists of 38 contiguous mineral claims located on Crown land near Snow Lake, central Manitoba, Canada. We refer to this property as the Thompson Brothers Lithium property, or the TBL property. The TBL property encompasses two lithium-rich spodumene pegmatite clusters known as the Thompson Brothers and Sherritt Gordon, or SG, pegmatite dykes. A preliminary exploration program was conducted during 2017/2018 with respect to the Thompson Brothers dyke resulting in an S-K 1300 compliant updated estimate dated June 9, 2021 of an Indicated Resource of 9,082,600 tonnes of lithium bearing ore grading 1.00% Li2O, for 91,200 Li2O tonnes, and an Inferred Resource of 1,967,900 tonnes of lithium bearing ore grading 0.98% Li2O, for 19,300 Li2O tonnes. Further drilling will be required to determine whether the TBL property contains proven or probable mineral reserves, and then we will have to engage in economic modeling and analysis to determine the economic viability of the project. We expect that if the S-K 1300 compliant numbers are confirmed as probable or proven resources, a fully functioning lithium mine could provide 8 to10 years of producing 160k tonnes per annum of 6% lithium ore concentrate.
Our Opportunity
Our Thompson Brothers Lithium Project is strategically located in Manitoba, Canada, ideally situated to economically deliver mined and processed lithium products to the EV battery industry serving North America’s “Auto Alley” from Michigan to the southern United States. With direct rail access running north to the Port of Churchill, which supplies access to Europe by ship, we expect to be able to economically deliver our future lithium output to the markets of Europe as well. Preliminary exploration of our TBL property indicates a substantial S-K 1300 compliant indicated and inferred resource of lithium ore, and we have only explored 5% of the TBL property. We expect to prove this indicated and inferred resource in the near future through further exploration and technical analysis and reporting, although we can provide no guarantee that our indicated and inferred resource will be confirmed as proven or probable. With expected to be proven mineral resources and our prime location, and assuming we can raise the required capital (although this cannot be assured), successfully complete our preliminary economic assessment and preliminary feasibility study, obtain the required permitting and build a mine and ore concentrator, we expect to be able to produce economically significant amounts of marketable lithium ore concentrate in a socially responsible and environmentally friendly way utilizing renewable energy to power our mining operations. Assuming our successful execution of the required exploration and development steps and operating in accordance with our ESG corporate principals, we expect to be in a strong position to be able to exploit, through offtake agreements with OEM manufacturers, the anticipated rising demand for lithium hydroxide to meet the burgeoning needs of the EV battery and related markets in North America and beyond.
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe that the following competitive strengths contribute to our success and differentiate us from our competitors:
| ● | Our initial metallurgical test work yielded a spodumene concentrate grading 6.37% Li2O and our preliminary flotation tests indicate that a spodumene concentrate with +6.0% Li2O may be readily produced from the deposit. These preliminary findings suggest that our TBL property might contain lithium resources meeting industry and market specifications. For a discussion of this historical metallurgical test work, see “Business – Historical Mineral Processing and Metalurigcal Testing” below. |
| ● | Our TBL property is large, and we believe it is host to valuable lithium resources in commercial quantities. |
| ● | Access to Manitoba produced 97%+ renewable energy is expected to enable us to become the first supplier in North America of lithium mined exclusively with the benefit of fully renewable sources of energy. |
| ● | No significant technical challenges related to exploration and development of the deposits have been identified. |
| ● | We are strategically located in the North American market. |
| ● | Our operations are located in an exceptional mining friendly jurisdiction with excellent mining infrastructure. |
| ● | We have an experienced management team. |
| ● | The combination of the benefits of mining under a fully renewable energy ecosystem, location in a mining friendly jurisdiction, and strategic proximity to the major US EV manufacturing markets should make us an attractive source for offtake agreements with lithium battery and/or EV manufacturers who will need to secure their raw material supplies. |
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Our Growth Strategies
We have developed a strategic plan for further exploration and development of the TBL property that includes the following milestones:
| ● | Complete resource update in accordance with the SEC’s new Mining Modernization Rules (field work completed) to expand and upgrade from Inferred to Indicated Resources. |
| ● | Complete Preliminary Economic Assessment, or PEA, study (began in the second quarter of 2021) to be followed by a Preliminary Feasibility Study, or PFS. |
| ● | Complete next stage of resource exploration drilling leading to resource upgrade to the Measured from Indicated level. |
| ● | Continue exploration of the TB1 dyke, which currently makes up our S-K 1300 compliant resource, to expand our known resource at this location. |
| ● | Restart exploration drilling at the Sherritt Gordon pegmatite dykes where preliminary exploration in the 1940s identified near surface spodumene deposits. Although no SG resources are included in our S-K 1300 compliant indicated and inferred mineral resource report, we expect that additional exploration of the SG dykes will result in the discovery of JORC reportable resources. |
| ● | Continue exploration of additional prospects located on our TBL property could add additional tonnage through further drilling. We also intend to explore for extensions to the existing mineral resources and other potential mineralization within the TBL property. |
Our Risks and Challenges
Our prospects should be considered in light of the risks, uncertainties, expenses and difficulties frequently encountered by similar companies. Our ability to realize our business objectives and execute our strategies is subject to risks and uncertainties, including, among others, the following:
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Risks and uncertainties related to our business and industry include, but are not limited to, the following:
| ● | We have a limited operating history and have not yet generated any revenues; | |
| ● | Our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and our financial status creates a doubt whether we will continue as a going concern; | |
| ● | If we do not obtain additional financing, our business may be at risk or execution of our business plan may be delayed; | |
| ● | The coronavirus pandemic may cause a material adverse effect on our business; | |
| ● | All of our business activities are now in the exploration stage and there can be no assurance that our exploration efforts will result in the commercial development of lithium hydroxide; | |
| ● | Our mineral resources described in our most recent S-K 1300 compliant indicated and inferred mineral resource report are only estimates and no assurance can be given that the anticipated tonnages and grades will be achieved, or that the indicated level of recovery will be realized. Although S-K 1300 compliant, there has been insufficient drilling on the TBL property to qualify our inferred resource under the SEC’s new Mining Modernization Rules. Further drilling will be required to determine whether the TBL property contains proven or probable mineral reserves and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in our efforts to prove our resource; |
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| ● | Mineral exploration and development are subject to extraordinary operating risks. We currently do not insure against these risks. In the event of a cave-in or similar occurrence, our liability may exceed our resources, which could have an adverse impact on us; | |
| ● | Our business operations are exposed to a high degree of risk associated with the mining industry; | |
| ● | We may not be able to obtain or renew licenses or permits that are necessary to our operations; | |
| ● | Our TBL Property may face indigenous land claims; | |
| ● | Volatility in lithium prices and lithium demand may make it commercially unfeasible for us to develop our Thompson Bros Lithium Project; | |
| ● | There can be no guarantee that our interest in the TBL property is free from any title defects; | |
| ● | Our mining operations are dependent on the adequate and timely supply of water, electricity or other power supply, chemicals and other critical supplies; | |
| ● | We currently report our financial results under IFRS, which differs in certain significant respect from U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| ● | Our directors and officers are engaged in other business activities and accordingly may not devote sufficient time to our business affairs, which may affect our ability to conduct operations and generate revenue; and | |
| ● | In the event that key personnel leave our company, we would be harmed since we are heavily dependent upon them for all aspects of our activities. |
Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Shares
Risks and uncertainties related to this offering and our Common Shares include, but are not limited to, the following:
| ● | We have considerable discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering and we may use these proceeds in ways with which you may not agree; | |
| ● | If through additional drilling we are not able to prove our resource according to the SEC’s new Mining Modernization Rules, your investment in our common shares could become worthless; | |
| ● | You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions against us or our management named in the prospectus based on foreign laws; | |
| ● | We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies; | |
| ● | As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain Nasdaq corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of our shares; | |
| ● | Our parent company will own a majority of our outstanding common shares after this offering. As a result, it will have the ability to approve all matters submitted to our shareholders for approval; and | |
| ● | Future issuances of debt securities, which would rank senior to our common shares upon our bankruptcy or liquidation, and future issuances of preferred shares, which could rank senior to our common shares for the purposes of dividends and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the level of return you may be able to achieve from an investment in our common shares. |
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In addition, we face other risks and uncertainties that may materially affect our business prospects, financial condition, and results of operations. You should consider the risks discussed in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus before investing in our common shares.
Our Corporate Structure
We were incorporated in the Province of Manitoba, Canada under The Corporations Act (Manitoba), or MCA, on May 25, 2018 by our parent company Nova Minerals Limited. Prior to this offering, Nova Minerals owned approximately 74% of our outstanding common shares. Nova Minerals has agreed to lock up its holdings of our common shares for a period of 180 days from the date of effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
We have three wholly owned subsidiaries, Snow Lake Exploration Ltd., or Snow Lake Exploration, Snow Lake Crowduck Ltd., or Snow Lake Crowduck, and Thompson Bros (Lithium) PTY Ltd. (formerly Manitoba Minerals Pty Ltd), or Thompson Bros. Through a series of agreements between 2016 to 2019 we acquired a 100% interest in the TBL property. Our subsidiary, Thompson Bros, which owned our 20 Block A claims before they were transferred to Snow Lake Crowduck, is in the process of being dissolved in Australia and its corporate registration was cancelled in Manitoba on February 9, 2021.
Corporate Information
Our corporate address is 242 Hargrave St #1700, Winnipeg, MB R3C 0V1 Canada. Our company email address is info@snowlakeresources.com.
Our registered office is located at 242 Hargrave St #1700, Winnipeg, MB R3C 0V1 Canada.
Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc., located at 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, N.Y. 10168.
Our website can be found at https://snowlakeresources.com. The information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus, nor is such content incorporated by reference herein, and should not be relied upon in determining whether to make an investment in our common shares.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
Upon the completion of this offering, we will qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Act of 2012, as amended, or the JOBS Act. As a result, we will be permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our financial statements may therefore not be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
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We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of at least US$1.07 billion; (ii) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering; (iii) the date on which we have, during the preceding three year period, issued more than US$1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Exchange Act, which could occur if the market value of our common shares that are held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will not be entitled to the exemptions provided in the JOBS Act discussed above.
Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer
Once the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part is declared effective by the SEC, we will become subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act that are applicable to “foreign private issuers,” and under those requirements we will file certain reports with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we will not be subject to the same requirements that are imposed upon U.S. domestic issuers by the SEC. Under the Exchange Act, we will be subject to reporting obligations that, in certain respects, are less detailed and less frequent than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. For example, although we report our financial results on a quarterly basis, we will not be required to issue quarterly reports, proxy statements that comply with the requirements applicable to U.S. domestic reporting companies, or individual executive compensation information that is as detailed as that required of U.S. domestic reporting companies. We also will have four months after the end of each fiscal year to file our annual reports with the SEC and we will not be required to file current reports as frequently or promptly as U.S. domestic reporting companies. We also present our financial statements pursuant to International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, instead of pursuant to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Furthermore, our officers, directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the requirements to report transactions in our equity securities and from the short-swing profit liability provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. As a foreign private issuer, we will also not be subject to the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) promulgated under the Exchange Act. In addition, as a foreign private issuer, we will be permitted, and intend to follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of those otherwise required under the listing rules of Nasdaq for domestic U.S. issuers. These exemptions and leniencies will reduce the frequency and scope of information and protections available to you in comparison to those applicable to a U.S. domestic reporting companies.
Notes on Prospectus Presentation
Numerical figures included in this prospectus have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals in various tables may not be arithmetic aggregations of the figures that precede them. Certain market data and other statistical information contained in this prospectus are based on information from independent industry organizations, publications, surveys and forecasts. Some market data and statistical information contained in this prospectus are also based on management’s estimates and calculations, which are derived from our review and interpretation of the independent sources listed above, our internal research and our knowledge of the Canadian mining industry. While we believe such information is reliable, we have not independently verified any third-party information and our internal data has not been verified by any independent source.
Our reporting currency and our functional currency is Canadian dollar. This prospectus contains translations of Canadian dollars into U.S. dollars at specific rates solely for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Canadian dollars into U.S. dollars in this prospectus were made at a rate of C$1.3614 per US$1.00, the noon buying rate as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board in effect as of June 30, 2020. On March 19, 2021, the noon buying rate for Canadian dollar was C$1.2511 per US$1.00. We make no representation that the Canadian dollar or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this prospectus could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Canadian dollar, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.
All references in the prospectus to “U.S. dollars,” “dollars,” “US$” and “$” are to the legal currency of the United States and all references to “C$” are to the legal currency of Canada.
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The Offering
| Shares offered | [ ] common shares. | |
| Common shares outstanding immediately before the offering | 65,050,922 common shares. | |
| Common shares outstanding immediately after the offering | [ ] common shares (or [ ] common shares if the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full). | |
| Over-allotment option | We have granted to the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase from us up to an additional 15% of the common shares sold in the offering ([ ] additional shares) at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions. | |
| Use of proceeds |
We expect to receive net proceeds of approximately US$[ ] million from this offering, assuming an initial public offering price of US$[ ] per share (which is the midpoint of the estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on the cover page of this prospectus) and no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
We plan to use the net proceeds of this offering for resource development activities including additional exploratory drilling, the preparation of a PEA, other technical studies and reports, possible strategic project acquisitions, and marketing and general corporate purposes. See “Use of Proceeds” for more information on the use of proceeds.
| |
| Risk factors | Investing in our common shares involves a high degree of risk and purchasers of our common shares may lose part or all of their investment. See “Risk Factors” for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our common shares. | |
| Lock-up | We, all of our directors and officers and all of our shareholders have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell, transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of our common shares or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common shares for a period of (i) 180 days after the closing of this offering in the case of our company, (ii) 12 months after the date of this prospectus in the case of our directors and officers, and (iii) 180 days after the date of this prospectus in the case of our shareholders, including our majority owner, Nova Minerals. See “Underwriting” for more information. | |
| Proposed trading market and symbol | We plan to apply to list our common shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “[ ].” |
The number of common share outstanding immediately following this offering is based on 65,050,922 shares outstanding as of [ ], 2021 and excludes:
| ● | 4,100,000 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options under our 2019 Stock Option Plan at a weighted average exercise price of C$0.50 (approximately US$0.37) per share; |
| ● | 2,405,092 additional common shares that are reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Stock Option Plan; |
| ● | 4,322,659 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of C$0.31 (approximately US$0.23) per share; |
| ● | 1,200,000 common shares reserved for issuance under a restricted stock award agreement with our Chief Executive Officer, Philip Gross; |
| ● | Approximately 4,341,543 common shares issuable upon the conversion of outstanding convertible debentures; and |
| ● | up to [ ] common shares issuable upon exercise of the representative’s warrants issued in connection with this offering. |
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Summary Consolidated Financial Information
The following summary historical financial information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in the prospectus and the information contained in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” below.
The following summary consolidated financial data as of June 30, 2020 and 2019 and for the years then ended and for the six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. This information is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and our interim six-month consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Our financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS. Our historical results for any period are not necessarily indicative of our future performance.
| Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2020 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Statements of Loss Data | C$ | C$ | US$ | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 1,529,965 | 247,364 | 181,698 | |||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 1,263 | 65,248 | 47,927 | |||||||||
| Net loss | 1,528,702 | 182,116 | (133,771 | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss per share – basic and diluted | (0.13 | ) | (0.00 | ) | (0.00 | ) | ||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted | 11,345,725 | 65,039,976 | ||||||||||
| As of June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2020 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Statements of Financial Position Data | C$ | C$ | US$ | |||||||||
| Cash | 598,999 | 143,089 | 105,104 | |||||||||
| Current assets | 643,781 | 154,480 | 113,471 | |||||||||
| Total assets | 5,818,232 | 5,551,359 | 4,077,684 | |||||||||
| Current liabilities | 428,604 | 343,734 | 252,486 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 428,604 | 343,734 | 252,486 | |||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 5,389,628 | 5,207,625 | 3,825,198 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 5,818,232 | 5,551,359 | 4,077,684 | |||||||||
For the Six Months Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2020 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Statements of Loss Data | C$ | C$ | US$ | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 132,161 | 108,790 | 79,910 | |||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 70,937 | 5,031 | 3,695 | |||||||||
| Net loss | 61,224 | 103,759 | (76,215 | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss per share – basic and diluted | (0.00 | ) | (0.00 | ) | (0.00 | ) | ||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted | 65,039,822 | 65,040,072 | ||||||||||
June 30, 2020 | December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| Statements of Financial Position Data | C$ | C$ | US$ | |||||||||
| Cash | 143,089 | 52,293 | 38,411 | |||||||||
| Current assets | 154,480 | 63,580 | 46,702 | |||||||||
| Total assets | 5,551,359 | 5,643,039 | 4,145,026 | |||||||||
| Current liabilities | 343,734 | 539,173 | 396,043 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 343,734 | 539,173 | 396,043 | |||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 5,207,625 | 5,103,866 | 3,748,983 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 5,551,359 | 5,643,039 | 4,145,026 | |||||||||
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An investment in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with the other information contained in this prospectus, before purchasing our common shares. We have listed below (not necessarily in order of importance or probability of occurrence) what we believe to be the most significant risk factors applicable to us, but they do not constitute all of the risks that may be applicable to us. Any of the following factors could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects, and could result in a partial or complete loss of your investment. Some statements in this prospectus, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section titled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
We have a limited operating history and have not yet generated any revenues.
Our limited operating history makes evaluating our business and future prospects difficult, and may increase the risk of your investment. We were formed in May 2018 and we have not yet begun commercial production of lithium hydroxide. To date, we have no revenues. We are in the exploration stage of our development with the potential to establish commercial operations still an unknown. We intend to proceed with the development of the TBL property through to economic studies such as PEAs and PFSs and, provided the results are positive, through to mine development. We intend in the longer term to derive substantial revenues from becoming a strategic supplier of battery-grade lithium hydroxide to the growing electric vehicle and battery storage markets. Our company is in the exploration stage, and we do not expect to start generating revenues until the fourth quarter of 2024, at the earliest. Our planned exploration and development of mineral resources, primarily lithium, will require significant investment prior to commercial introduction and may never be successfully developed or commercially successful.
Our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and our financial status creates a doubt whether we will continue as a going concern.
Our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under which an entity is considered to be able to realize its assets and satisfy its liabilities in the ordinary course of business. Our future operations are dependent upon the identification and successful completion of equity or debt financing and the achievement of profitable operations at an indeterminate time in the future. There can be no assurances that we will be successful in completing an equity or debt financing or in achieving or maintaining profitability. The financial statements do not give effect to any adjustments relating to the carrying values and classification of assets and liabilities that would be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.
If we do not obtain additional financing, our business may be at risk or execution of our business plan may be delayed.
We have limited assets upon which to commence our business operations and to rely otherwise. As of June 30, 2020, we had cash of C$143,089 (approximately US$105,104). With only these funds, we will need to seek additional funds in the future through equity or debt financings, or strategic alliances with third parties, either alone or in combination with equity financings to complete our lithium exploration initiative. Additional funding will be needed to implement our business plan that includes various expenses such as continuing our mining exploration program, legal, operational set-up, general and administrative, marketing, employee salaries and other related start-up expenses. Obtaining additional funding will be subject to various factors, including general market conditions, investor acceptance of our business plan and ongoing results from our exploration efforts. These financings could result in substantial dilution to the holders of our common shares, or require contractual or other restrictions on our operations or on alternatives that may be available to us. If we raise additional funds by issuing debt securities, these debt securities could impose significant restrictions on our operations. Any such required financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, and the failure to procure such required financing could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, or threaten our ability to continue as a going concern.
We may not be able to acquire additional funds on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to raise adequate funds, we may have to delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate some or all of our planned exploration programs. If we do not have, or are not able to obtain, sufficient funds, we may be required to delay further exploration, development or commercialization of our expected mineral resources, if and when verified. We also may have to reduce the resources devoted to our mining efforts or cease operations. Any of these factors could harm our operating results.
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The coronavirus pandemic may cause a material adverse effect on our business.
In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. The virus has since spread to more than 150 countries. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a pandemic. On March 11, 2020, the federal government of Canada announced a $1 billion package to help Canadians through the health crisis. To date, there have been a large number of temporary business closures, quarantines and a general reduction in consumer activity in Canada.
As a result of the measures adopted by the Province of Manitoba and the federal government of Canada, certain of our mining exploration activities have been delayed. The access to investor capital as well as a 14-day quarantine when travelling into the Province of Manitoba have discouraged us from engaging in certain exploration activities in the near term. As a result of these unexpected delays, we are placing our focus on completing lab work and technical report writing using the field data that we have previously compiled. We expect to get back to our “boots on the ground” work such as core sampling and test drilling later in the fall and winter of 2021.
The spread of the virus in many countries continues to adversely impact global economic activity and has contributed to significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets and supply chains. The pandemic has had, and could have a significantly greater, material adverse effect on the Canadian economy as a whole, as well as the local economy where we conduct our operations. The pandemic has resulted, and may continue to result for an extended period, in significant disruption of global financial markets, which may reduce our ability to access capital in the future, which could negatively affect our liquidity.
If the current pace of the pandemic cannot be slowed and the spread of the virus is not contained, our business operations could be further delayed or interrupted. We expect that government and health authorities may announce new or extend existing restrictions, which could require us to make further adjustments to our operations in order to comply with any such restrictions. We may also experience limitations in employee resources. In addition, our operations could be disrupted if any of our employees were suspected of having the virus, which could require quarantine of some or all such employees or closure of our facilities for disinfection. We may also delay or reduce certain capital spending and related projects until the travel and logistical impacts of the pandemic are lifted, which will delay the completion of such projects. The duration of any business disruption cannot be reasonably estimated at this time but may materially affect our ability to operate our business and result in additional costs.
The extent to which the pandemic may impact our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted as of the date of this prospectus, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the pandemic and steps taken to contain the pandemic or treat its impact, among others. Nevertheless, the pandemic and the current financial, economic and capital markets environment, and future developments in the global lithium mining and other areas present material uncertainty and risk with respect to our performance, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Our business is subject to operational risks that are generally outside of our control and could adversely affect our business.
Mineral mining sites, like the sites where our TBL property is located, by their nature are subject to many operational risks and factors that are generally outside of our control and could adversely affect our business, operating results and cash flows. These operational risks and factors include the following:
| ● | unanticipated ground and water conditions; |
| ● | adverse claims to water rights and shortages of water to which we have rights; |
| ● | adjacent land ownership that results in constraints on current or future operations; |
| ● | geological problems, including earthquakes and other natural disasters; |
| ● | metallurgical and other processing problems; |
| ● | the occurrence of unusual weather or operating conditions and other force majeure events; |
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| ● | lower than expected ore grades or recovery rates; |
| ● | accidents; |
| ● | delays in the receipt of or failure to receive necessary government permits; |
| ● | the results of litigation, including appeals of agency decisions; |
| ● | uncertainty of exploration and development; |
| ● | delays in transportation; |
| ● | interruption of energy supply; |
| ● | labor disputes; |
| ● | inability to obtain satisfactory insurance coverage; and |
| ● | the failure of equipment or processes to operate in accordance with specifications or expectations. |
Any one or more of these factors or other risks could cause us not to realize the anticipated benefits of an acquisition of properties or companies and could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
All of our business activities are now in the exploration stage and there can be no assurance that our exploration efforts will result in the commercial development of lithium hydroxide.
All of our operations are at the exploration stage and there is no guarantee that any such activity will result in commercial production of lithium mineral deposits. Very limited drilling has been conducted on our TBL property to date, which makes the extrapolation of an S-K 1300 compliant indicated or inferred resource to an S-K 1300 probable or proven reserve and to commercial viability impossible without further drilling. We intend to engage in that additional exploratory drilling with proceeds from this offering but we can provide no assurance of future success from our planned additional drilling program. The exploration for lithium deposits involves significant risks which even a combination of careful evaluation, experience and knowledge may not eliminate. While the discovery of an ore body may result in substantial rewards, few properties which are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. Major expenses may be required to locate and establish proven mineral reserves, to develop metallurgical processes and to construct mining and processing facilities at a particular site. It is impossible to ensure that the exploration programs planned by us or any future development programs will result in a profitable commercial mining operation. There is no assurance that our mineral exploration activities will result in any discoveries of commercial quantities of lithium. There is also no assurance that, even if commercial quantities of ore are discovered, a mineral property will be brought into commercial production. Whether a mineral deposit will be commercially viable depends on a number of factors, some of which are: the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure, metal prices which are highly cyclical; and government regulations, including regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting of minerals and environmental protection. The exact effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted. Our long-term profitability will be in part directly related to the cost and success of our exploration programs and any subsequent development programs.
Our mineral resources or reserves may be significantly lower than expected.
We are in the exploration stage and our planned principal operations have not commenced. There is currently no commercial production on the TBL property and we have not yet completed a preliminary economic assessment or a preliminary feasibility study. As such, our estimated proven or probable mineral reserves, expected mine life and lithium pricing cannot be determined as the exploration program, drilling, economic assessment and feasibility studies and pit (or mine) design optimizations have not yet been undertaken, and the actual mineral reserves may be significantly lower than expected. You should not rely on the S-K 1300 compliant technical report, PEAs or PFSs, if and when completed and published, as indications that we will have successful commercial operations in the future. Even if we prove reserves on the TBL property, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to develop and market them, or that such production will be profitable.
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The estimation of lithium reserves is not an exact science and depends upon a number of subjective factors. Any indicated or inferred resource figures presented in this prospectus are estimates from the written reports of technical personnel and mining consultants who were contracted to assess the mining prospects. Resource estimates are a function of geological and engineering analyses that require us to forecast production costs, recoveries, and metals prices. The accuracy of such estimates depends on the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation, judgment, and experience. Estimated indicated or inferred lithium resources may not be upgraded to indicated or measured or to probable or proved reserves, and any reserves may not be realized in actual production and our operating results may be negatively affected by inaccurate estimates. Additionally, resource estimates do not determine the economics of a mining project and, although we have begun to prepare a preliminary economic assessment, even once the PEA is produced we cannot guarantee that it will reflect positive economics for our mining resources or that we will be able to execute our plans to create an economically viable mining operation.
Our mineral resources described in our most recent S-K 1300 compliant indicated and inferred mineral resource report are only estimates and no assurance can be given that the anticipated tonnages and grades will be achieved, or that the indicated level of recovery will be realized.
We intend to continue exploration on our TBL property and we may or may not acquire additional interests in other mineral properties. The search for mineral deposits as a business is extremely risky. We can provide investors with no assurance that exploration on our current properties, or any other property that we may acquire, will establish that any commercially exploitable quantities of mineral deposits exist. Additional potential problems may prevent us from discovering any mineral deposits. These potential problems include unanticipated problems relating to exploration and additional costs and expenses that may exceed current estimates. If we are unable to establish the presence of viable lithium mineral deposits on our properties, our ability to fund future exploration activities will be impeded, we will not be able to operate profitably and investors may lose all of their investment in our company.
We have no history of mineral production.
We are an exploration stage company and we have no history of mining or refining mineral products from our properties. As such, any future revenues and profits are uncertain. There can be no assurance that our Thompson Brothers Lithium Project will be successfully placed into production, produce minerals in commercial quantities or otherwise generate operating earnings. Advancing projects from the exploration stage into development and commercial production requires significant capital and time and will be subject to further technical studies, permitting requirements and construction of mines, processing plants, roads and related works and infrastructure. We will continue to incur losses until mining-related operations successfully reach commercial production levels and generate sufficient revenue to fund continuing operations. There is no certainty that we will generate revenue from any source, operate profitably or provide a return on investment in the future.
Lithium mining and production is relatively new to the Province of Manitoba and the Snow Lake area.
If and when our lithium resources on the TBL property are proven, we intend to work towards entering the production stage of our operations. We will not use diesel or gasoline fuel for any of our mining, sorting and concentrating activities. This means that the sorting and concentrating of, and the production of our spodumene lithium into a lithium hydroxide will be conducted through a fully electrified process not using any fossil fuels to generate the electrical power needed to run our operations. Lithium mining has occurred at the Tanco mine located north east of Winnipeg, but the mining and processing of lithium ore has not previously been undertaken in or near the Snow Lake region of Manitoba. Locating the necessary experts and work force that are familiar with and trained in this particular mining process may be a challenge and our success may be hindered by the lack of historical familiarity with the processes and challenges faced in lithium mining and production.
Mineral exploration and development are subject to extraordinary operating risks. We currently do not insure against these risks. In the event of a cave-in or similar occurrence, our liability may exceed our resources, which could have an adverse impact on us.
Exploration and mining operations generally involve a degree of risk. Our operations are subject to all of the hazards and risks normally encountered in the exploration, development and production of rare earth metals, including, without limitation, unusual and unexpected geologic formations, seismic activity, rock bursts, cave-ins, flooding and other conditions involved in the drilling and removal of material, any of which could result in damage to, or destruction of, mines and other producing facilities, personal injury or loss of life and damage to property and environmental damage, all of which may result in possible legal liability. Although we expect that adequate precautions to minimize risk will be taken, mining operations are subject to hazards such as fire, rock falls, geo-mechanical issues, equipment failure or failure of retaining dams around tailings disposal areas which may result in environmental pollution and consequent liability. The occurrence of any of these events could result in a prolonged interruption of our operations that would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
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The exploration for and development of mineral deposits involves significant risks, which even a combination of careful evaluation, experience and knowledge may not eliminate. While the discovery of a mineral deposit may result in substantial rewards, few properties that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. Major expenses may be required to locate and establish mineral resources and reserves, to develop metallurgical processes and to construct mining and processing facilities and infrastructure at a particular site. It is impossible to ensure that the exploration or development programs planned by us will result in a profitable commercial mining operation. Whether a mineral deposit will be commercially viable depends on a number of factors, some of which are: the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure, metal prices that are highly cyclical, and government regulations, including regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting of minerals and environmental protection. The exact effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted, but the combination of these factors may result in our company not receiving an adequate return on invested capital. There is no certainty that the expenditures made towards the search and evaluation of mineral deposits will result in the discovery of mineral resources or the development of commercial quantities of mineral reserves.
Our development projects have no operating history upon which to base estimates of future capital and operating costs. Mineral resource and reserve estimates and estimates of operating costs are, to a large extent, based upon the interpretation of geologic data obtained from drill holes and other sampling techniques, and feasibility studies, which derive estimates of capital and operating costs based upon anticipated tonnage and grades to be mined and processed, ground conditions, the configuration of the deposit, expected recovery rates of minerals from ore, estimated operating costs, and other factors. As a result, actual production, cash operating costs and economic returns could differ significantly from those estimated.
There are numerous risks associated with the development of the TBL property.
Our future success will largely depend upon our ability to successfully explore, develop and manage the TBL property. In particular, our success is dependent upon management’s ability to implement our strategy, to develop the project and to maintain ongoing lithium production from the mines that we expect to develop.
Development of the TBL property could be delayed, experience interruptions, incur increased costs or be unable to complete due to a number of factors, including but not limited to:
| ● | changes in the regulatory environment including environmental compliance requirements; |
| ● | non-performance by third party consultants and contractors; |
| ● | inability to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified workers; |
| ● | unforeseen escalation in anticipated costs of exploration and development, or delays in construction, or adverse currency movements resulting in insufficient funds being available to complete planned exploration and development; |
| ● | increases in extraction costs including energy, material and labor costs; |
| ● | lack of availability of mining equipment and other exploration services; |
| ● | shortages or delays in obtaining critical mining and processing equipment; |
| ● | catastrophic events such as fires, storms or explosions; |
| ● | the breakdown or failure of equipment or processes; |
| ● | construction, procurement and/or performance of the processing plant and ancillary operations falling below expected levels of output or efficiency; |
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| ● | civil unrest in and/or around the mine site and supply routes, which would adversely affect the community support of our operations; |
| ● | changes to anticipated levels of taxes and imposed royalties; and/or |
| ● | a material and prolonged deterioration in lithium market conditions, resulting in material price erosion. |
It is not uncommon for new mining developments to experience these factors during their exploration or development stages or during construction, commissioning and production start-up, or indeed for such projects to fail as a result of one or more of these factors occurring to a material extent. There can be no assurance that we will complete the various stages of exploration and development necessary in order to achieve our strategy in the timeframe pre-determined by us or at all. Any of these factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and activities, financial condition and prospects.
Changes in technology and future demand may result in an adverse effect on our results of operation.
Currently lithium is a key metal used in batteries, including those used in electric vehicles. However, the technology pertaining to batteries, electric vehicles and energy creation and storage is changing rapidly and there is no assurance lithium will continue to be used to the same degree as it is now, or that it will be used at all. Any decline in the use of lithium ion batteries or technologies utilizing such batteries may result in a material and adverse effect on our future profitability, results of operation and financial condition.
Our business operations are exposed to a high degree of risk associated with the mining industry.
Our business operations are exposed to a high degree of risk inherent in the mining sector. Risks which may occur during the exploration and development of mineral resources include environmental hazards, industrial accidents, equipment failure, import/customs delays, shortage or delays in installing and commissioning plant and equipment, metallurgical and other processing problems, seismic activity, unusual or unexpected formations, formation pressures, rock bursts, wall failure, cave ins or slides, burst dam banks, flooding, fires, explosions, power outages, opposition with respect to mining activities from individuals, communities, governmental agencies and non-governmental organizations, interruption to or the increase in costs of services, cave-ins and interruption due to inclement or hazardous weather conditions.
Commencement of mining can also reveal mineralization or geologic formations, including higher than expected content of other minerals that can be difficult to separate from rare earth metals, which can result in unexpectedly low recovery rates.
Such occurrences could cause damage to, or destruction of properties, personal injury or death, environmental damage, pollution, delays, increased production costs, monetary losses and potential legal liabilities. Moreover, these factors may result in a mineral deposit, which has been mined profitably in the past to become unprofitable. They are also applicable to sites not yet in production and to expanded operations. Successful mining operations will be reliant upon the availability of processing and refining facilities and secure transportation infrastructure at the rate of duty over which we may have limited or no control. Any liabilities that we incur for these risks and hazards could be significant and the costs of rectifying the hazard may exceed our asset value.
Infrastructure required to carry on our business may be affected by unusual or infrequent weather phenomena, sabotage, government or other interference in the maintenance or provision of such infrastructure.
Exploitation of the TBL property will depend to a significant degree on adequate infrastructure. In the course of developing our expected operations, assuming our exploration efforts will be successful, we may need to construct and support the construction of infrastructure, which includes permanent gas pipelines, water supplies, power, transport and logistics services which affect capital and operating costs. Unusual or infrequent weather phenomena, sabotage, government or other interference in the maintenance or provision of such infrastructure or any failure or unavailability in such infrastructure could materially adversely affect our operations, financial condition and results of operations.
We may receive negative conclusions from further economic assessments.
The net proceeds from this offering will be used to, among other things, fund the preparation of a preliminary economic assessment with a possible preliminary feasibility study on the TBL property and for the continuation of the exploration work to establish the economic potential of the TBL property. Until such time as any further economic assessment is concluded, uncertainty will exist as to the economic viability of the TBL property. In the event that any further economic assessments have negative conclusions, investors may lose some or all of their investment.
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We may not be able to obtain or renew licenses or permits that are necessary to our operations.
In the ordinary course of business, we will be required to obtain and renew governmental licenses or permits for exploration, development, construction and commencement of mining at the TBL property. Obtaining or renewing the necessary governmental licenses or permits is a complex and time-consuming process involving public hearings and costly undertakings on the part of our company. The duration and success of our efforts to obtain and renew licenses or permits are contingent upon many variables not within our control, including the interpretation of applicable requirements implemented by the licensing and/or permitting authorities. We may not be able to obtain or renew licenses or permits that are necessary to our operations, including, without limitation, an exploitation license, or the cost to obtain or renew licenses or permits may exceed what we believe we can recover from the TBL property. Any unexpected delays or costs associated with the licensing or permitting process could delay the development or impede the operation of a mine, which could adversely impact our operations and profitability.
The TBL property may face indigenous land claims
The TBL property may now or in the future be the subject of indigenous land claims. The legal nature of land claims is a matter of considerable complexity. The impact of any such claim on our ownership interest in the TBL property cannot be predicted with any degree of certainty and no assurance can be given that a broad recognition of indigenous rights in the area in which the TBL property is located, by way of a negotiated settlement or judicial pronouncement, would not have an adverse effect on our operations. Even in the absence of such recognition, we may at some point be required to negotiate with and seek the approval of holders of such interests in order to facilitate exploration and development work on the TBL property, there is no assurance that we will be able to establish a practical working relationship with the indigenous groups in the area which would allow is to ultimately develop the TBL property.
Volatility in lithium prices and lithium demand may make it commercially unfeasible for us to develop our Thompson Bros Lithium Project.
The development of our Thompson Brothers Lithium Project is dependent on the continued growth of the lithium market, and the continued increased demand for lithium chemicals by emerging producers of electric vehicles and other users of lithium-ion batteries. These producers and the related technologies are still under development and a continued sustained increase in demand is not certain. To the extent that such demand does not manifest itself, and the lithium market does not continue to grow, or existing producers increase supply to satisfy this demand, then our ability to develop our Thompson Brothers Lithium Project will be adversely affected. Our lithium exploration and development activities may be significantly adversely affected by volatility in the price of lithium. Mineral prices fluctuate widely and are affected by numerous factors beyond our control such as global and regional supply and demand, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation or deflation, fluctuation in the value of the United States dollar and foreign currencies, and the political and economic conditions of mineral-producing countries throughout the world. The exact effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted, but the combination of these factors may result in our lithium activities not producing an adequate return on invested capital to be profitable or viable.
There can be no guarantee that our interest in the TBL property is free from any title defects.
We have taken all reasonable steps to ensure it has proper title to the TBL property. However, there can be no guarantee that our interest in the TBL property is free from any title defects, as title to mineral rights involves certain intrinsic risks due to the potential problems arising from the unclear conveyance history characteristic of many mining projects. There is also the risk that material contracts between us and relevant government authorities will be substantially modified to the detriment of us or be revoked. There can be no assurance that our rights and title interests will not be challenged or impugned by third parties.
Our mining operations are dependent on the adequate and timely supply of water, electricity or other power supply, chemicals and other critical supplies.
Our exploration programs are dependent on the adequate and timely supply of water, electricity or other power supply, chemicals and other critical supplies. If we are unable to obtain the requisite critical supplies in time and at commercially acceptable prices or if there are significant disruptions in the supply of electricity, water or other inputs to the mine site, our business performance and results of operations may experience material adverse effects.
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We may experience an inability to attract or retain qualified personnel.
Our success depends to a large degree upon our ability to attract, retain and train key management personnel, as well as other technical personnel. If we are not successful in retaining or attracting such personnel, our business may be adversely affected. Furthermore, the loss of our key management personnel could materially and adversely affect our business and operations.
As our business becomes more established, it will also be required to recruit additional qualified key financial, administrative, operations and marketing personnel. There will be no guarantee that we will be able to attract and keep such qualified personnel and if we are not successful, it could have a material and adverse effect on our business and results from operations.
Failure to comply with federal, provincial and/or local laws and regulations could adversely affect our business.
Our mining operations are subject to various laws and regulations governing exploration, development, production, taxes, labor standards and occupational health, mine safety, protection of endangered and protected species, toxic substances and explosives use, reclamation, exports, price controls, waste disposal and use, water use, forestry, land claims of local people, and other matters. This includes periodic review and inspection of the TBL property that may be conducted by applicable regulatory authorities.
Although the exploration activities on the TBL property have been and, we expect, will continue to be carried out in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations, there is no guarantee that new laws and regulations will not be enacted or that existing laws and regulations will not be applied in a way which could limit or curtail exploration or in the future, production. New laws and regulations or amendments to current laws and regulations governing the operations and activities of mining or more stringent implementation of existing laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on us and cause increases in capital expenditures costs, or reduction in levels of exploration, development and/or production.
Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, even if inadvertent, may result in enforcement actions thereunder, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment or remedial actions. We may also be required to reimburse any parties affected by loss or damage caused by our mining activities and may have civil or criminal fines and/or penalties imposed against us for infringement of applicable laws or regulations.
Failure to comply with environmental regulation could adversely affect our business.
All phases of our operations with respect to the TBL property will be subject to environmental regulation. Environmental legislation involves strict standards and may entail increased scrutiny, fines and penalties for non-compliance, stringent environmental assessments of proposed projects and a high degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors and employees. Changes in environmental regulation, if any, may adversely impact our operations and future potential profitability. In addition, environmental hazards may exist on the TBL property that are currently unknown. We may be liable for losses associated with such hazards, or may be forced to undertake extensive remedial cleanup action or to pay for governmental remedial cleanup actions, even in cases where such hazards have been caused by previous or existing owners or operators of the properties, or by the past or present owners of adjacent properties or by natural conditions. The costs of such cleanup actions may have a material adverse impact on our operations and future potential profitability.
Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations, and permitting requirements may result in enforcement actions thereunder, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment, or remedial actions. Parties engaged in mining operations may be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of the mining activities and may have civil or criminal fines or penalties imposed for violations of applicable laws or regulations and, in particular, environmental laws.
We currently report our financial results under IFRS, which differs in certain significant respect from U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We report our financial statements under IFRS. There have been and there may in the future be certain significant differences between IFRS and United States generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, including differences related to revenue recognition, intangible assets, share-based compensation expense, income tax and earnings per share. As a result, our financial information and reported earnings for historical or future periods could be significantly different if they were prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, we do not intend to provide a reconciliation between IFRS and U.S. GAAP unless it is required under applicable law. As a result, you may not be able to meaningfully compare our financial statements under IFRS with those companies that prepare financial statements under U.S. GAAP.
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Our assets and operations are subject to economic, geopolitical and other uncertainties.
Economic, geopolitical and other uncertainties may negatively affect our business. Economic conditions globally are beyond our control. In addition, the outbreak of hostilities and armed conflicts between countries can create geopolitical uncertainties that may affect both local and global economies. Downturns in the economy or geopolitical uncertainties may cause future customers to delay or cancel projects, reduce their overall capital or operating budgets or reduce or cancel orders which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our operations may be affected in varying degrees by government regulations with respect to, but not limited to, restrictions on production, price controls, export controls, currency remittance, income taxes, foreign investment, maintenance of claims, environmental legislation, land use, land claims of local people, water use and mine safety. Failure to comply strictly with applicable laws, regulations and local practices relating to mineral rights, could result in loss, reduction or expropriation of entitlements.
In addition, the financial markets can experience significant price and value fluctuations that can affect the market prices of equity securities and other companies in ways that are unrelated to the operating performance of these companies. Broad market fluctuations, as well as economic conditions generally, may adversely affect the market price of our common shares.
As we face intense competition in the mineral exploration and exploitation industry, there can be no assurance that we will be able to compete effectively with other companies.
The mining industry, and the lithium mining sector in particular, is very competitive. our competition is from larger, established mining companies with greater liquidity, greater access to credit and other financial resources, newer or more efficient equipment, lower cost structures, more effective risk management policies and procedures and/or a greater ability than us to withstand losses. Our competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new laws or regulations or emerging technologies, or devote greater resources to the expansion or efficiency of their operations than we can. In addition, current and potential competitors may make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties. Accordingly, it is possible that new competitors or alliances among current and new competitors may emerge and gain significant market share to our detriment.
As a result of this competition, we may have to compete for financing and be unable to acquire financing on terms we consider acceptable. we may also have to compete with the other mining companies for the recruitment and retention of qualified managerial and technical employees. If we are unable to successfully compete for financing or for qualified employees or we may not be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors, and any failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects as well as our exploration programs may be slowed down or suspended, which may cause us to cease operations as a company.
Our executive officers are engaged in other business activities and, accordingly, may not devote sufficient time to our business affairs, which may affect our ability to conduct operations.
Our executive officers are engaged as consultants under independent contractor agreements rather than as employees and, as such, they have been involved in other business activities. Our Chief Operating Officer is also engaged in the exploration program of our majority owner, Nova Minerals, and our Chief Executive Officer and our Vice President, Corporate Development each have consulting clients in addition to working for us. Although we expect that as our business operations ramp up our executive officers will devote substantially all of their time to our business, as a result of the other business endeavors that they are currently engaged in, our executive officers may not be able to devote sufficient time to our business affairs, which may negatively affect our ability to conduct our ongoing operations. In addition, management of our company may be periodically interrupted or delayed as a result of these officers’ other business interests.
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We may be subject to potential conflicts of interest.
We may be subject to potential conflicts of interests, as certain directors of our company are, and may continue to be, engaged in the mining industry through their participation in corporations, partnerships or joint ventures, which are potential competitors of our company. Situations may arise in connection with potential acquisitions in investments where the other interests of these directors and officers may conflict with the interests of our company. Our directors and officers with conflicts of interest will be subject to the procedures set out in the related Canadian law and regulations.
We may not meet cost estimates.
A change in the timing of any projected cash flows due to capital funding or, once in production, production shortfalls or labor disruptions would result in delays in receipt of such cash flows and in using such cash to fund operating activities and, as applicable, reduce debt levels. This could result in additional loans to finance capital expenditures in the future.
The level of capital and operating cost estimates which are used for determining and obtaining financing and other purposes are based on certain assumptions and are fundamentally subject to considerable uncertainties. It is very likely that actual results for the TBL property will differ from our current projections, estimates and assumptions, and these differences may be significant. Moreover, experience from actual mining may identify new or unexpected conditions that could decrease operational activities, and/or increase capital and/or operating costs above, the current estimates. If actual results are less favorable than we currently estimate, our business, results from operations, financial condition and liquidity could be materially adversely affected.
We may pursue opportunities to acquire complementary businesses, which could dilute our shareholders’ ownership interests, incur expenditure and have uncertain returns.
We may seek to expand through future acquisitions of either companies or properties, however, there can be no assurance that we will locate attractive acquisition candidates, or that we will be able to acquire such candidates on economically acceptable terms, if at all, or that we will not be restricted from completing acquisitions pursuant to contractual arrangements. Future acquisitions may require us to expend significant amounts of cash, resulting in our inability to use these funds for other business or may involve significant issuances of equity. Future acquisitions may also require substantial management time commitments, and the negotiation of potential acquisitions and the integration of acquired operations could disrupt our business by diverting management and employees’ attention away from day-to-day operations. The difficulties of integration may be increased by the necessity of coordinating geographically diverse organizations, integrating personnel with disparate backgrounds and combining different corporate cultures.
Any future acquisition involves potential risks, including, among other things: (i) mistaken assumptions and incorrect expectations about mineral properties, mineral resources and costs; (ii) an inability to successfully integrate any operation our company acquires; (iii) an inability to recruit, hire, train or retain qualified personnel to manage and operate the operations acquired; (iv) the assumption of unknown liabilities; (v) limitations on rights to indemnity from the seller; (vi) mistaken assumptions about the overall cost of equity or debt; (vii) unforeseen difficulties operating acquired projects, which may be in geographic areas new to us; and (viii) the loss of key employees and/or key relationships at the acquired project.
At times, future acquisition candidates may have liabilities or adverse operating issues that we may fail to discover through due diligence prior to the acquisition. If we consummate any future acquisitions with unanticipated liabilities or that fails to meet expectations, our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition may be materially adversely affected. The potential impairment or complete write-off of goodwill and other intangible assets related to any such acquisition may reduce our overall earnings and could negatively affect our balance sheet.
Legal proceedings may arise from time to time in the course of our business.
Legal proceedings may arise from time to time in the course of our business. Such litigation may be brought from time to time in the future against us. Defense and settlement costs of legal claims can be substantial, even with respect to claims that have no merit. Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this prospectus, we are not currently subject to material litigation nor have we received an indication that any material claims are forthcoming. However, due to the inherent uncertainty of the litigation process, we could become involved in material legal claims or other proceedings with other parties in the future. The results of litigation or any other proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. The cost of defending such claims may take away from management’s time and effort and if we are incapable of resolving such disputes favorably, the resultant litigation could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, cash flow and results from operation.
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Land reclamation requirements may be burdensome.
Land reclamation requirements are generally imposed on companies with mining operations or mineral exploration companies in order to minimize long term effects of land disturbance. Reclamation may include requirements to control dispersion of potentially deleterious effluents or reasonably re-establish pre-disturbance land forms and vegetation. In order to carry out reclamation obligations imposed on us in connection with exploration, potential development and production activities, we must allocate financial resources that might otherwise be spent on exploration and development programs. If we are required to carry out unanticipated reclamation work, our financial position could be adversely affected.
In the event that key personnel leave our company, we would be harmed since we are heavily dependent upon them for all aspects of our activities.
We are heavily dependent on our officers and directors, the loss of whom could have, in the short-term, a negative impact on our ability to conduct our activities and could cause additional costs from a delay in the exploration and development of our TBL property.
The obligations associated with being a public company will require significant resources and management attention, and we will incur increased costs as a result of becoming a public company.
As a public company, we will face increased legal, accounting, administrative and other costs and expenses that we have not incurred as a private company, and we expect to incur additional costs related to operating as a public company. After the completion of this offering, we will be subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, which requires that we file annual and other reports with respect to our business and financial condition, as well as the rules and regulations implemented by the SEC, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, and the listing requirements of Nasdaq (if our common shares are approved for listing), each of which imposes additional reporting and other obligations on public companies. As a public company, we will be required to, among other things:
| ● | prepare and file annual and other reports in compliance with the federal securities laws; |
| ● | expand the roles and duties of our board of directors and committees thereof and management; |
| ● | hire additional financial and accounting personnel and other experienced accounting and finance staff with the expertise to address complex accounting matters applicable to public companies; |
| ● | institute more comprehensive financial reporting and disclosure compliance procedures; |
| ● | involve and retain, to a greater degree, outside counsel and accountants to assist us with the activities listed above; |
| ● | build and maintain an investor relations function; |
| ● | establish new internal policies, including those relating to trading in our securities and disclosure controls and procedures; |
| ● | comply with the initial listing and maintenance requirements of Nasdaq; and |
| ● | comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. |
We expect these rules and regulations, and any future changes in laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, which have created uncertainty for public companies, to increase legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time consuming and costly. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases, due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. Our investment in compliance with existing and evolving regulatory requirements will result in increased administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We also expect that being a public company will make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These increased costs may require us to divert a significant amount of money that we could otherwise use to expand our business and achieve our strategic objectives.
Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Shares
There has been no public market for our common shares prior to this offering, and an active market in which investors can resell their shares may not develop.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common shares. We plan to apply to list our common shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “[ ].” There is no guarantee that Nasdaq or any other exchange or quotation system, will permit our common shares to be listed and traded.
Even if our common shares are approved for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market a liquid public market for our common shares may not develop. The initial public offering price for our common shares has been determined by negotiation between us and the underwriters based upon several factors, including prevailing market conditions, our historical performance, estimates of our business potential and earnings prospects, and the market valuations of similar companies. The price at which the common shares are traded after this offering may decline below the initial public offering price, meaning that you may experience a decrease in the value of your common shares regardless of our operating performance or prospects.
The market price of our common shares may fluctuate, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
After this offering, the market price for our common shares is likely to be volatile, in part because our shares have not been traded publicly. In addition, the market price of our common shares may fluctuate significantly in response to several factors, most of which we cannot control, including:
| ● | actual or anticipated variations in our operating results; |
| ● | increases in market interest rates that lead investors of our common shares to demand a higher investment return; |
| ● | changes in earnings estimates; |
| ● | changes in market valuations of similar companies; |
| ● | actions or announcements by our competitors; |
| ● | adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we may incur in the future; |
| ● | additions or departures of key personnel; |
| ● | actions by shareholders; |
| ● | speculation in the media, online forums, or investment community; and |
| ● | our intentions and ability to list our common shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market and our subsequent ability to maintain such listing. |
The public offering price of our common shares has been determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters based upon many factors and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail following the closing of this offering. Volatility in the market price of our common shares may prevent investors from being able to sell their common shares at or above the initial public offering price. As a result, you may suffer a loss on your investment.
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We may not be able to satisfy listing requirements of the Nasdaq Capital Market or obtain or maintain a listing of our common shares.
If our common shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market we must meet certain financial and liquidity criteria to maintain such listing. If we violate Nasdaq listing requirements, our common shares may be delisted. If we fail to meet any of Nasdaq’s listing standards, our common shares may be delisted. In addition, our board of directors may determine that the cost of maintaining our listing on a national securities exchange outweighs the benefits of such listing. A delisting of our common shares may materially impair our shareholders’ ability to buy and sell our common shares and could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our common shares. The delisting of our common shares could significantly impair our ability to raise capital and the value of your investment.
We have considerable discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering and we may use these proceeds in ways with which you may not agree.
We intend to the proceeds from this offering for resource development activities including, possibly, strategic project acquisitions, technical studies and reports, marketing and general corporate purposes. However, we have considerable discretion in the application of the proceeds. You will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. You must rely on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds of this offering. The net proceeds may be used for corporate or other purposes with which you do not agree or that do not improve our profitability or increase our share price. The net proceeds from this offering may also be placed in investments that do not produce income or that lose value. Please see “Use of Proceeds” below for more information.
You will experience immediate and substantial dilution as a result of this offering.
As of December 31, 2020, our net tangible book value was approximately US$5,103,866, or approximately US$0.08 per share. Since the effective price per share of our common shares being offered in this offering is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share, you will suffer substantial dilution with respect to the net tangible book value of the common shares you purchase in this offering. Based on the assumed public offering price of US$[ ] per share being sold in this offering, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and our net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2020, if you purchase shares in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution of US$[ ] per share (or US$[ ] per share if the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full) with respect to the net tangible book value of the common shares. See the section titled “Dilution” for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you will incur if you purchase shares in this offering.
We do not expect to declare or pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
We do not expect to declare or pay dividends in the foreseeable future, as we anticipate that we will invest future earnings in the development and growth of our business. Therefore, holders of our common shares will not receive any return on their investment unless they sell their securities, and holders may be unable to sell their securities on favorable terms or at all.
If securities industry analysts do not publish research reports on us, or publish unfavorable reports on us, then the market price and market trading volume of our common shares could be negatively affected.
Any trading market for our common shares may be influenced in part by any research reports that securities industry analysts publish about us. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by securities industry analysts. If no securities industry analysts commence coverage of us, the market price and market trading volume of our common shares could be negatively affected. In the event we are covered by analysts, and one or more of such analysts downgrade our shares, or otherwise reports on us unfavorably, or discontinues coverage of us, the market price and market trading volume of our common shares could be negatively affected.
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You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions against us or our management named in the prospectus based on foreign laws.
We are incorporated in the Province of Manitoba, Canada under The Corporations Act (Manitoba). We conduct our operations outside the United States and substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, a majority of our directors and executive officers and the experts named in this prospectus reside outside the United States, and a significant amount of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, service of process upon such persons may be difficult or impossible to effect within the United States. Furthermore, because a substantial portion of our assets, and substantially all the assets of our directors and officers and the Canadian experts named herein, are located outside of the United States, any judgment obtained in the United States, including a judgment based upon the civil liability provisions of United States federal securities laws, against us or any of such persons may not be collectible within the United States. In Canada, provincial and territorial reciprocal enforcement of judgments legislation sets out the procedure for registering foreign judgments and this procedure varies depending on the province or territory of the enforcing court. If a foreign judgment originates from a jurisdiction not captured by the applicable provincial or territorial reciprocal enforcement of judgments or enforcement of foreign judgments legislation, the foreign judgment may be capable of enforcement at common law and the party seeking to enforce the foreign judgment must commence new proceedings in the domestic or enforcing court. For more information regarding the relevant laws of Canada, see “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”
We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.
Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including:
| ● | the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K; |
| ● | the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; |
| ● | the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and |
| ● | the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD. |
Upon the completion of this offering, we will be required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend to publish our results on a quarterly basis as press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of Nasdaq Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.
We will be subject to ongoing public reporting requirements that are less rigorous than Exchange Act rules for companies that are not emerging growth companies and our shareholders could receive less information than they might expect to receive from more mature public companies.
Upon the completion of this offering, we will qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As a result, we will be permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our financial statements may therefore not be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of at least US$1.07 billion; (ii) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering; (iii) the date on which we have, during the preceding three year period, issued more than US$1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Exchange Act, which could occur if the market value of our common shares that are held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will not be entitled to the exemptions provided in the JOBS Act discussed above.
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Because we will be subject to ongoing public reporting requirements that are less rigorous than Exchange Act rules for companies that are not emerging growth companies, our shareholders could receive less information than they might expect to receive from more mature public companies. We cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive if we elect to rely on these exemptions, or if taking advantage of these exemptions would result in less active trading or more volatility in the price of our common shares.
As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to rely on exemptions from certain Nasdaq corporate governance standards applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. This may afford less protection to holders of our shares.
We are exempted from certain corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq by virtue of being a foreign private issuer. As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to follow the governance practices of our home country in lieu of certain corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq. As result, the standards applicable to us are considerably different than the standards applied to domestic U.S. issuers. For instance, we are not required to:
| ● | have a majority of the board be independent (although all of the members of the audit committee must be independent under the Exchange Act); |
| ● | have a compensation committee and a nominating committee to be comprised solely of “independent directors”; or |
| ● | hold an annual meeting of shareholders no later than one year after the end of our fiscal year. |
Although we do not currently intend to rely these “home country” exemptions, we may rely on some of these exemptions in the future. As a result, our shareholders may not be provided with the benefits of certain corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq.
Our parent company will own a majority of our outstanding common shares after this offering. As a result, it will have the ability to approve all matters submitted to our shareholders for approval.
Our parent company, Nova Minerals Limited will own approximately [ ]% of our outstanding common shares following this offering, or approximately [ ]% if the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full. It therefore may have the ability to approve all matters submitted to our shareholders for approval including:
| ● | election of our board of directors; |
| ● | removal of any of our directors; |
| ● | any amendments to our certificate or articles of incorporation; and |
| ● | adoption of measures that could delay or prevent a change in control or impede a merger, takeover or other business combination involving us. |
In addition, this concentration of ownership may discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us, which in turn could reduce our share price or prevent our shareholders from realizing a premium over our share price.
As a “controlled company” under the rules of Nasdaq, we intend to exempt our company from certain corporate governance requirements that could have an adverse effect on our public shareholders.
Under Nasdaq’s rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including, without limitation (i) the requirement that a majority of the board of directors consist of independent directors, (ii) the requirement that the compensation of our officers be determined or recommended to our board of directors by a compensation committee that is comprised solely of independent directors, and (iii) the requirement that director nominees be selected or recommended to the board of directors by a majority of independent directors or a nominating committee comprised solely of independent directors. Currently, we expect to rely on the “controlled company” exemption after this offering. Because we expect to elect to rely on the “controlled company” exemption, a majority of the members of our board of directors might not be independent directors and our nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees might not consist entirely of independent directors. Our status as a controlled company could cause our common shares to look less attractive to certain investors or otherwise harm our trading price.
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Future issuances of our common shares or securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, our common shares, or the expiration of lock-up agreements that restrict the issuance of new common shares or the trading of outstanding common shares, could cause the market price of our common shares to decline and would result in the dilution of your holdings.
Future issuances of our common shares or securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, our common shares, or the expiration of lock-up agreements that restrict the issuance of new common shares or the trading of outstanding common shares, could cause the market price of our common shares to decline. We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future issuances of our securities, or the future expirations of lock-up agreements, on the price of our common shares. In all events, future issuances of our common shares would result in the dilution of your holdings. In addition, the perception that new issuances of our securities could occur, or the perception that locked-up parties will sell their securities when the lock-ups expire, could adversely affect the market price of our common shares. In connection with this offering, we will enter into a lock-up agreement that prevents us, subject to certain exceptions, from offering additional shares for up to 180 days after the closing of this offering, as further described in the section titled “Underwriting.” In addition to any adverse effects that may arise upon the expiration of these lock-up agreements, the lock-up provisions in these agreements may be waived, at any time and without notice. If the restrictions under the lock-up agreements are waived, our common shares may become available for resale, subject to applicable law, including without notice, which could reduce the market price for our common shares.
Future issuances of debt securities, which would rank senior to our common shares upon our bankruptcy or liquidation, and future issuances of preferred shares, which could rank senior to our common shares for the purposes of dividends and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the level of return you may be able to achieve from an investment in our common shares.
In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by offering debt securities. Upon bankruptcy or liquidation, holders of our debt securities, and lenders with respect to other borrowings we may make, would receive distributions of our available assets prior to any distributions being made to holders of our common shares. Moreover, if we issue preferred shares, the holders of such preferred shares could be entitled to preferences over holders of common shares in respect of the payment of dividends and the payment of liquidating distributions. Because our decision to issue debt or preferred shares in any future offering, or borrow money from lenders, will depend in part on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of any such future offerings or borrowings. Holders of our common shares must bear the risk that any future offerings we conduct or borrowings we make may adversely affect the level of return, if any, they may be able to achieve from an investment in our common shares.
There is a risk that we will be a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. investors in our shares.
In general, a non-U.S. corporation is a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for any taxable year in which (i) 75% or more of its gross income consists of passive income or (ii) 50% or more of the average quarterly value of its assets consists of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. For purposes of the above calculations, a non-U.S. corporation that owns at least 25% by value of the shares of another corporation is treated as if it held its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation and received directly its proportionate share of the income of the other corporation. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents, royalties and certain gains. Cash is a passive asset for these purposes.
Based on the expected composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets, including goodwill, which is based on the expected price of the shares in this offering, we do not expect to be a PFIC for our current taxable year. However, the proper application of the PFIC rules to a company with a business such as ours is not entirely clear. Because the proper characterization of certain components of our income and assets is not entirely clear, because we will hold a substantial amount of cash following this offering, and because our PFIC status for any taxable year will depend on the composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets from time to time (which may be determined, in part, by reference to the market price of our shares, which could be volatile), there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for our current taxable year or any future taxable year.
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If we were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. investor holds shares, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to such U.S. investor. See “Material United States and Canadian Income Tax Considerations—U.S. Federal Income Taxation Considerations—Passive Foreign Investment Company Consequences” for additional information.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to us. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in, but not limited to, the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.” These statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
| ● | our goals and strategies; | |
| ● | expectations regarding revenue, expenses and operations; | |
| ● | our having sufficient working capital and be able to secure additional funding necessary for the continued exploration of our property interests; | |
| ● | expectations regarding the potential mineralization, geological merit and economic feasibility of our projects; | |
| ● | expectations regarding exploration results at the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project; | |
| ● | mineral exploration and exploration program cost estimates; | |
| ● | expectations regarding any environmental issues that may affect planned or future exploration programs and the potential impact of complying with existing and proposed environmental laws and regulations; | |
| ● | receipt and timing of exploration permits and other third-party approvals; | |
| ● | government regulation of mineral exploration and development operations; | |
| ● | expectations regarding any social or local community issues that may affected planned or future exploration and development programs; and | |
| ● | key personnel continuing their employment with us. | |
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “could,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “project” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which are, in some cases, beyond our control and which could materially affect results. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties occur, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual events or results may vary significantly from those implied or projected by the forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance.
This prospectus also contains certain data and information, which we obtained from various government and private publications. Although we believe that the publications and reports are reliable, we have not independently verified the data. Statistical data in these publications includes projections that are based on a number of assumptions. If any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data is later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions.
The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this prospectus. Although we will become a public company after this offering and have ongoing disclosure obligations under United States federal securities laws, we do not intend to update or otherwise revise the forward-looking statements in this prospectus, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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After deducting the estimated underwriters’ commissions and offering expenses payable by us, we expect to receive net proceeds of approximately US$[ ] from this offering (or approximately US$[ ] if the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full), based on an assumed public offering price of US$[ ] per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.
We plan to use the net proceeds of this offering as follows:
| ● | 52% of the net proceeds (approximately US$[ ]) for resource development activities such as drilling, soil sampling, as well as potential project acquisition; |
| ● | 20% of the net proceeds (approximately US$[ ]) for technical studies and reports such as preliminary economic assessment, preliminary feasibility study, resource modelling and/or technical reports such as an S-K 1300 compliant report; |
| ● | 11% of the net proceeds (approximately US$[ ]) for corporate purposes such as salaries, office, public company fees, audit fees, or other; and |
| ● | 17% of the net proceeds (approximately US$[ ]) as general corporate expenses. This would include items such as the cost of acquiring capital, underwriting discounts and commissions and attorneys’ fees, environmental, sustainability and governance (ESG) initiatives, and marketing and promotional efforts. |
Each US$1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of US$[ ] per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease the net proceeds that we receive from this offering by approximately US$[ ], assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us.
The foregoing represents our current intentions to use and allocate the net proceeds of this offering based upon our present plans and business conditions. Our management, however, will have broad discretion in the way that we use the net proceeds of this offering. Pending the final application of the net proceeds of this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds of this offering in short-term, interest-bearing, investment-grade securities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Shares—We have considerable discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering and we may use these proceeds in ways with which you may not agree.”
Pending our use of the net proceeds from this offering, we may invest the net proceeds in a variety of capital preservation investments, including short-term, investment grade, interest bearing instruments and U.S. government securities.
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We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common shares. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common shares in the near future. We may also enter into credit agreements or other borrowing arrangements in the future that will restrict our ability to declare or pay cash dividends on our common shares. Any future determination to declare dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. Further, under the terms of the MCA, we are prohibited from declaring or paying a dividend if our board has reasonable grounds for believing that we are, or would after the payment be, unable to pay our liabilities as they become due, or the realizable value of our assets would thereby be less than the aggregate of our liabilities and stated capital. See also “Risk Factors— Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Shares—We do not expect to declare or pay dividends in the foreseeable future.”
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The following table sets forth our cash and capitalization as of December 31, 2020:
| ● | on an actual basis; and |
| ● | on a pro forma basis to reflect the sale of [ ] common shares by us in this offering at an assumed price to the public of US$[ ] per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, resulting in net proceeds to us of US$[ ] after deducting (i) underwriter commissions of US$[ ] and (ii) our estimated other offering expenses of US$[ ]. |
The pro forma information below is illustrative only and our capitalization following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on the initial public offering price of our common shares and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. You should read this table together with our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
| December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||
| Actual | As Adjusted | |||||||||||||||
| C$ | US$ | C$ | US$ | |||||||||||||
| Cash | 52,293 | 38,411 | ||||||||||||||
| Total long-term obligations | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity: | ||||||||||||||||
| Share capital | 5,745,369 | 4,220,192 | ||||||||||||||
| Reserves | 1,181,344 | $ | 867,742 | |||||||||||||
| Deficit | (1,822,847 | ) | (1,338,950 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Total shareholder’s equity | 5,103,866 | 3,748,983 | ||||||||||||||
| Total capitalization | 5,103,866 | 3,748,983 | ||||||||||||||
If the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full, each of our as adjusted cash, share capital, total shareholders’ equity and total capitalization would be US$[ ], US$[ ], US$[ ], US$[ ], respectively.
Each US$1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed offering price per share of US$[ ], assuming no change in the number of shares to be sold, would increase or decrease the net proceeds that we receive in this offering and each of total shareholders’ equity and total capitalization by approximately US$[ ] (or US$[ ] if the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full), after deducting (i) estimated underwriter commissions and (ii) offering expenses, in each case, payable by us.
The table above excludes the following shares:
| ● | 4,100,000 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options under our 2019 Stock Option Plan at a weighted average exercise price of C$0.50 (approximately US$0.37) per share; |
| ● | 2,405,092 additional common shares that are reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Stock Option Plan; |
| ● | 4,322,659 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of C$0.31 (approximately US$0.23) per share; |
| ● | 1,200,000 common shares reserved for issuance under a restricted stock award agreement with our Chief Executive Officer, Philip Gross; |
| ● | Approximately 4,341,543 common shares issuable upon the conversion of outstanding convertible debentures; and |
| ● | up to [ ] common shares issuable upon exercise of the representative’s warrants issued in connection with this offering. |
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If you invest in our common shares, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per common share and our net tangible book value per common share after this offering. Dilution results from the fact that the assumed initial public offering price per common share is substantially in excess of the net tangible book value per common share attributable to the existing shareholders for our presently outstanding common shares.
Our net tangible book value was approximately US$5,103,866, or approximately US$0.08 per common share, as of December 31, 2020. Our net tangible book value represents the amount of our total consolidated tangible assets (which is calculated by subtracting deferred tax assets from our total consolidated assets), less the amount of our total consolidated liabilities. Dilution is determined by subtracting net tangible book value per share after giving effect to this offering.
After giving effect to our sale of [ ] common shares in this offering at an assumed initial public offering price of US$[ ] per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2020 would have been approximately US$[ ], or approximately US$[ ] per share. This amount represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of US$[ ] per share to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of US$[ ] per share to purchasers of our common shares in this offering, as illustrated in the following table.
| Assumed initial public offering price per common share | US$ | [ ] | ||||
| Net tangible book value per common share at December 31, 2020 | US$ | 0.08 | ||||
| Pro forma net tangible book value per common share after this offering | US$ | [ ] | ||||
| Increase in net tangible book value per common share to the existing shareholders | US$ | [ ] | ||||
| Dilution in net tangible book value per common share to new investors in this offering | US$ | [ ] | ||||
If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per common share, as adjusted to give effect to this offering, would be US$[ ] per share, and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors purchasing common shares in this offering would be US$[ ] per share.
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of US$[ ] per common share would increase (decrease) our pro forma net tangible book value after giving effect to the offering by US$[ ] million, the net tangible book value per common share after giving effect to this offering by US$[ ] per common share and the dilution in net tangible book value per common share to new investors in this offering by US$[ ] per common share, assuming no change to the number of common shares offered by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, no exercise of over-allotment option and after deducting underwriting commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.
The pro forma information discussed above is illustrative only. Our net tangible book value following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on the actual initial public offering price of our common shares and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.
The following tables summarize the differences between our existing shareholders and the new investors with respect to the number of common shares purchased from us in this offering, the total consideration paid and the average price per common share paid at an assumed initial public offering price of US$[ ] per common share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and before deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses (assuming no exercise of the over-allotment option). As the table shows, new investors purchasing shares in this offering may in certain circumstances pay an average price per share substantially higher than the average price per share paid by our existing shareholders.
| Share Purchased | Total Consideration | Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | % | Amount | % | Price Per Share | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Existing shareholders | 65,050,922 | [ ] | US$ | 11,062,264 | [ ] | US$ | 0.17 | |||||||||||||||||
| New investors | [ ] | [ ] | US$ | [ ] | [ ] | US$ | [ ] | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | [ ] | 100 | % | US$ | [ ] | 100 | % | US$ | ||||||||||||||||
The table above excludes the following shares:
| ● | 4,100,000 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options under our 2019 Stock Option Plan at a weighted average exercise price of C$0.50 (approximately US$0.37) per share; |
| ● | 2,405,092 additional common shares that are reserved for future issuance under our 2019 Stock Option Plan; |
| ● | 4,322,659 common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of C$0.31 (approximately US$0.23) per share; |
| ● | 1,200,000 common shares reserved for issuance under a restricted stock award agreement with our Chief Executive Officer, Philip Gross; |
| ● | Approximately 4,341,543 common shares issuable upon the conversion of outstanding convertible debentures; and |
| ● | up to [ ] common shares issuable upon exercise of the representative’s warrants issued in connection with this offering. |
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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected historical financial information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in the prospectus and the information contained in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” below.
The following summary consolidated financial data as of June 30, 2020 and 2019 and for the years then ended and for the six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. This information is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and our interim six-month consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Our financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS. Our historical results for any period are not necessarily indicative of our future performance.
| Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2020 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Statements of Loss Data | C$ | C$ | US$ | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 1,529,965 | 247,364 | 181,698 | |||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 1,263 | 65,248 | 47,927 | |||||||||
| Net loss | 1,528,702 | 182,116 | (133,771 | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss per share – basic and diluted | (0.13 | ) | (0.00 | ) | (0.00 | ) | ||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted | 11,345,725 | 65,039,976 | ||||||||||
| As of June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2020 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Statements of Financial Position Data | C$ | C$ | US$ | |||||||||
| Cash | 598,999 | 143,089 | 105,104 | |||||||||
| Current assets | 643,781 | 154,480 | 113,471 | |||||||||
| Total assets | 5,818,232 | 5,551,359 | 4,077,684 | |||||||||
| Current liabilities | 428,604 | 343,734 | 252,486 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 428,604 | 343,734 | 252,486 | |||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 5,389,628 | 5,207,625 | 3,825,198 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 5,818,232 | 5,551,359 | 4,077,684 | |||||||||
For the Six Months Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2020 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| Statements of Loss Data | C$ | C$ | US$ | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 132,161 | 108,790 | 79,910 | |||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 70,937 | 5,031 | 3,695 | |||||||||
| Net loss | 61,224 | 103,759 | (76,215 | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss per share – basic and diluted | (0.00 | ) | (0.00 | ) | (0.00 | ) | ||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted | 65,039,822 | 65,040,072 | ||||||||||
June 30, 2020 | December 31, 2020 | December 31, 2020 | ||||||||||
| Statements of Financial Position Data | C$ | C$ | US$ | |||||||||
| Cash | 143,089 | 52,293 | 38,411 | |||||||||
| Current assets | 154,480 | 63,580 | 46,702 | |||||||||
| Total assets | 5,551,359 | 5,643,039 | 4,145,026 | |||||||||
| Current liabilities | 343,734 | 539,173 | 396,043 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 343,734 | 539,173 | 396,043 | |||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | 5,207,625 | 5,103,866 | 3,748,983 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 5,551,359 | 5,643,039 | 4,145,026 | |||||||||
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MANAGEMENT’S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis summarizes the significant factors affecting our operating results, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows of our company as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this prospectus, particularly in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
The audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are prepared pursuant to IFRS and in accordance with the standards of the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. As permitted by the rules of the SEC for foreign private issuers, we do not reconcile our financial statements to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. PCAOB
The management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) of the Company for the six months ended December 31, 2020 (“Q2 F2020’), and its financial position as of the same date, and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s condensed interim consolidated financial statements as at December 31, 2020, including the notes thereto. The comparative reporting period is the six months ended December 31, 2019 (“Q2 F2019”).
All figures are in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise noted.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Information and Statements:
This MD&A may contain forward-looking statements that are based on the Company’s expectations, estimates and projections regarding its business and the economic environment in which it operates. These statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and there are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to control or predict. Examples of some of the specific risks associated with the operations of the Company are set out below under “Risk Factors”. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements and readers should not place undue reliance on such statements.
Certain information included in this management’s discussion and analysis may constitute forward-looking information within the meaning of securities laws. In some cases, forward-looking information can be identified by the use of terms such as “may”, “will”, “should”, “expect”, “believe”, “plan”, “scheduled”, “intend”, “estimate”, “forecast”, “predict”, “potential”, “continue”, “anticipate” or other similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. Forward-looking information may relate to management’s future outlook and anticipated events or results, and may include statements or information regarding the future plans or prospects of the Company. Forward-looking statements are necessarily based upon a number of estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by management, are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies. Although the Company believes that its expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements involve risks and uncertainties and no assurance can be given that actual results will be consistent with these forward-looking statements.
For expansion of certain risks and uncertainties that could contribute to a difference in results, please review those risks listed under the heading “Risks Factors” in this MD&A. Although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause actions, events or results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. Forward-looking statements are not guaranteeing future performance and there can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date hereof and the Company takes no responsibility to update them or to revise them to reflect new events or circumstances, except as required by law.
The condensed interim unaudited consolidated financial statements for the six-months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 are prepared pursuant to IFRS. As permitted by the rules of the SEC for foreign private issuers, we do not reconcile our financial statements to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
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Overview
We are an exploration stage mining company engaged in lithium exploration in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Our primary focus is currently conducting exploration for lithium at our 100% owned Thompson Brothers Lithium Project. See “Business – Our Mineral Project – Thompson Brothers Lithium Project.” Our objective is to develop a world-class lithium mine in the jurisdictionally friendly Canadian province of Manitoba and to become the first fully renewable lithium hydroxide producer in North America, strategically located to supply the U.S. “Auto Alley” and the European battery market via our nearby access to the Hudson Bay Railway and the Port of Churchill. With our commitment to the environment, corporate social responsibility and sustainability, we aim in the longer term to derive substantial revenues from the sale of lithium hydroxide to the growing electric vehicle and stationary (e.g., residential, utility and industrial) battery storage markets in the U.S. and abroad. With access to renewable energy produced in Manitoba, we expect to become the first supplier in North America of lithium mined exclusively with the benefit of power produced from fully sustainable, local sources.
Overall Performance
| I. | Principal business and corporate history |
We were incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act on May 25, 2018. The corporate and principal place of business is 242 Hargrave St #1700, Winnipeg, MB R3C 0V1 Canada. The Company is a Canadian natural resource exploration company engaged in the exploration and development of mineral resources through the subsidiaries:
| i. | Snow Lake Exploration Ltd. |
| ii. | Snow Lake (Crowduck) Ltd. |
| iii. | Thompson Bros (Lithium) Pty Ltd. (formerly Manitoba Minerals Pty Ltd.) |
In this registration statement, Snow Lake and the subsidiaries it controlled are referred to as “the Group”.
On March 7, 2019, we and Nova Minerals entered into a share sale agreement (the “Agreement”), whereby we acquired all 100,000,000 of the issued and outstanding shares of Thompson Bros (Lithium) Pty Ltd (“Thompson Bros”), formerly Manitoba Minerals Pty Ltd. (“Manitoba Minerals”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Nova Minerals as part of a group restructuring.
Our primary focus is currently conducting exploration for lithium at our 100% owned Thompson Brothers Lithium Project. Our objective is to develop a world-class lithium mine in the jurisdictionally friendly Canadian province of Manitoba and to become the first fully renewable lithium hydroxide producer in North America, strategically located to supply the U.S. “Auto Alley” and the European battery market via our nearby access to the Hudson Bay Railway and the Port of Churchill. With our commitment to the environment, corporate social responsibility and sustainability, we aim in the longer term to derive substantial revenues from the sale of lithium hydroxide to the growing electric vehicle and stationery (e.g., residential, utility and industrial) battery storage markets in the U.S. and abroad. With access to renewable energy produced in Manitoba, we expect to become the first supplier in North America of lithium mined exclusively with the benefit of power produced from fully sustainable, local sources.
Recent Developments
Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic
In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. The virus has since spread to over 150 countries. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a pandemic. On March 11, 2020, the federal government of Canada announced a $1 billion package to help Canadians through the health crisis. To date, there have been a large number of temporary business closures, quarantines and a general reduction in consumer activity in Canada.
As a result of the measures adopted by the Province of Manitoba and the federal government of Canada, certain of our mining exploration activities have been delayed. The access to investor capital as well as a 14-day quarantine when travelling into the Province of Manitoba have discouraged us from engaging in some exploration activities in the near term. As a result of these unexpected delays, we are placing our focus on completing lab work and technical report writing using the field data that we have previously compiled. We currently expect to get back to our “boots on the ground” work such as core sampling and test drilling later in the fall and winter of 2021, subject to future public safety orders and recommendations that may be issued by the Province of Manitoba and the federal government of Canada.
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We have taken steps to take care of our employees, including providing the ability for employees to work remotely and implementing strategies to support appropriate social distancing techniques for those employees who are not able to work remotely. We have also taken precautions with regard to employee, facility and office hygiene as well as implementing significant travel restrictions. We are also assessing our business continuity plans for all business units in the context of the pandemic. This is a rapidly evolving situation, and we will continue to monitor and mitigate developments affecting our workforce, our suppliers, our customers, and the public at large to the extent we are able to do so. We have and will continue to carefully review all rules, regulations, and orders and responding accordingly.
The spread of the virus in many countries continues to adversely impact global economic activity and has contributed to significant volatility and negative pressure in financial markets and supply chains. The pandemic has had, and could have a significantly greater, material adverse effect on the Canadian economy as a whole, as well as the local economy where we conduct our operations. The pandemic has resulted, and may continue to result for an extended period, in significant disruption of global financial markets, which may reduce our ability to access capital in the future, which could negatively affect our liquidity.
If the current pace of the pandemic cannot be slowed and the spread of the virus is not contained, our business operations could be further delayed or interrupted. We expect that government and health authorities may announce new or extend existing restrictions, which could require us to make further adjustments to our operations in order to comply with any such restrictions. We may also experience limitations in employee resources. In addition, our operations could be disrupted if any of our employees were suspected of having the virus, which could require quarantine of some or all such employees or closure of our facilities for disinfection. We may also delay or reduce certain capital spending and related projects until the travel and logistical impacts of the pandemic are lifted, which will delay the completion of such projects. The duration of any business disruption cannot be reasonably estimated at this time but may materially affect our ability to operate our business and result in additional costs.
The extent to which the pandemic may impact our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted as of the date of this prospectus, including new information that may emerge concerning the severity of the pandemic and steps taken to contain the pandemic or treat its impact, among others. Nevertheless, the pandemic and the current financial, economic and capital markets environment, and future developments in the global supply chain and other areas present material uncertainty and risk with respect to our performance, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Emerging Growth Company
Upon the completion of this offering, we will qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As a result, we will be permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting. In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our financial statements may therefore not be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of at least US$1.07 billion; (ii) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering; (iii) the date on which we have, during the preceding three year period, issued more than US$1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; or (iv) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Exchange Act, which could occur if the market value of our common shares that are held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will not be entitled to the exemptions provided in the JOBS Act discussed above.
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Results of Operations
Comparison of Six Months Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
For the six months ended December 31, 2020, the Company had not yet placed any of its mineral properties into production, the Company incurred a net loss of $103,759 (December 31, 2019 - $61,224). As of December 31, 2020, the Company had a deficit (accumulated losses) of $1,822,847 (June 30, 2020 - $1,719,088) and current liabilities in excess of current assets of $475,593 (June 30, 2020 – $189,254). There is no certainty that additional financing at terms that are acceptable to the Company will be available, and an inability to obtain financing would have a direct impact on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations during the six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.
| Six months ended December 31, | 2019 | 2020 | Increase / (Decrease) | |||||||||||||||||
| C$ | C$ | US$ | C$ | US$ | ||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank fees and interest | 280 | 557 | 409 | 277 | 203 | |||||||||||||||
| Consulting fees | 24,430 | 24,650 | 18,106 | 220 | 162 | |||||||||||||||
| Director and officer consulting fees | 67,700 | 71,093 | 52,220 | 3,393 | 2,492 | |||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 25,243 | 6,593 | 4,843 | (18,650 | ) | (13,699 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Professional fees | 9,786 | 5,897 | 4,332 | (3,889 | ) | (2,857 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Transfer agent and regulatory fees | 3,675 | - | - | (3,675 | ) | (2,699 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Travel expenses | 1,047 | - | - | (1,047 | ) | (769 | ) | |||||||||||||
| (132,161 | ) | (108,790 | ) | (79,910 | ) | 23,371 | 17,167 | |||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency gain (loss) | (312 | ) | 5,031 | 3,695 | 5,343 | 3,925 | ||||||||||||||
| Recovery of flow through share liability | 71,249 | - | - | (71,249 | ) | (52,334 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for the period | (61,224 | ) | (103,759 | ) | (76,215 | ) | (42,535 | ) | (31,243 | ) | ||||||||||
Revenues. We have not generated any revenues to date and do not anticipate generating any revenues until the fourth quarter of 2023, at the earliest.
Consulting fees: Consulting fees include the fees that we pay to our third-party consultants, including professional accounting services, taxation, and other related support. Our consulting fees remained relatively stable during the six months ended December 31, 2020, when compared to the six months ended December 31, 2019 period.
Director and officer consulting fees: Directors and officers fees increased by $3,393 (USD $ 2,492) resulting from a reduction in CFO fees of $16,200 and an increase in CEO fees related to signing bonuses of $19,093 (US$14,023).
General and administrative: The reduction in general and administrative fees of $18,650 (US$ 13,699) is mainly due to a reduction in accounting services incurred during the six months ended December 31, 2019 for approximately $19,600 (US$ 14,400).
Professional fees. Professional fees include the fees that we pay to professional advisors, such as our legal counsel. Our professional fees decreased by C$3,889 (US$2,857), or 39.38%, to C$5,897 (US$4,332) for the six months ended December 31, 2020 from C$9.786 for the six months ended December 31, 2019. Such decrease was due to a reduction in legal costs in the current year as compared to the prior as a result of our reduction in corporate activity.
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Travel expenses. We pay or reimburse our employees and consultants for certain travel expenses. Our travel expenses decreased by C$1,047 (US$769), or 100%, to C$ Nil (US$ Nil) for the six months ended December 31, 2020 from C$1,047 for the six months ended December 31, 2019. Such decrease was due to a significant decrease in travel due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Transfer agent and regulatory fees. For the six months ended December 31, 2019, we incurred transfer agent and regulatory fees in the amount of C$3,675 (US$2,6,99). We did not have such fees for the six months ended December 31, 2020.
Bank fees and interest. Our bank fees and interest increased by C$277 (US$203), or 98.9%, to C$557 (US$409) for the six months ended December 31, 2020 from C$280 for the six months ended December 31, 2019. Such increase was due to bank transaction fees associated to additional bank activity, when compared to the previous year.
Foreign currency (loss) gain. For the six months ended December 31, 2020, we incurred a foreign currency translation gain of C$5,031 (US$3,695), as compared to a foreign currency translation loss of C$312 for the six months ended December 31, 2019.
Recovery of flow through share liability. For the six months ended December 31, 2020, we incurred a recovery of flow through share liability of C$71,249 (US$52,334). Flow-through share arrangements involve resource expenditure deductions for income tax purposes which are renounced to purchasers of common shares in accordance with income tax legislation. Each flow-through share entitles the holder to a 100% tax deduction in respect of qualifying Canadian exploration expenses. The value of the flow-through share liability was determined using the residual value method, after determining the fair value of the common shares and common shares purchase warrants issued in our December 2018 private placement financing. During the six months ended December 31, 2020, we satisfied all of our flow-through obligations and recognized a recovery on the statement of loss and comprehensive loss for the full amount of the flow-through share liability.
Loss and comprehensive loss. As a result of the cumulative effect of the factors described above, we had a loss and comprehensive loss of C$103,759 (US$76,215) for the six months ended December 31, 2020, as compared to C$61,224 for the six months ended December 31, 2019, a decrease of C$42,535 (US$31,323), or 69.47%.
Comparison of Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations during the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
| Years Ended June 30, | Increase/ | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2020 | (Decrease) | ||||||||||||||||||
| C$ | C$ | US$ | C$ | US$ | ||||||||||||||||
| Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 1,154,905 | - | - | (1,154,905 | ) | (848,322 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Consulting fees | 132,518 | 43,255 | 31,772 | (89,263 | ) | (65,567 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Professional fees | 97,474 | 57,272 | 42,068 | (40,202 | ) | (29,530 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Director and officer consulting fees | 92,500 | 118,700 | 87,190 | 26,200 | 19,245 | |||||||||||||||
| Travel expenses | 34,981 | 957 | 703 | (34,024 | ) | (24,992 | ) | |||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 14,495 | 20,626 | 15,151 | 6,131 | 4,503 | |||||||||||||||
| Transfer agent and regulatory fees | - | 3,885 | 2,854 | 3,885 | 2,854 | |||||||||||||||
| Bank fees and interest | 3,092 | 2,669 | 1,960 | (423 | ) | (311 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 1,529,965 | 247,364 | 181,698 | (1,282,601 | ) | (942,120 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency (loss) gain | 1,263 | (6,001 | ) | (4,408 | ) | (7,264 | ) | (5,336 | ) | |||||||||||
| Recovery of flow through share liability | - | 71,249 | 52,335 | 71,249 | 52,335 | |||||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 1,263 | 65,248 | 47,927 | 63,985 | 46,999 | |||||||||||||||
| Loss and comprehensive loss | (1,528,702 | ) | (182,116 | ) | (133,771 | ) | (1,346,586 | ) | (989,119 | ) | ||||||||||
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Revenues. We have not generated any revenues to date and do not anticipate generating any revenues until the fourth quarter of 2023, at the earliest.
Share-based compensation. For the year ended June 30, 2019, we incurred share-based compensation in the amount of C$1,154,905 due to the issuance of stock options, exercisable into 5,200,000 share of the Company at a price of $0.50 per share until May 24, 2023. We did not have any share-based compensation for the year ended June 30, 2020.
Consulting fees. Consulting fees include the fees that we pay to our third-party consultants. Our consulting fees decreased by C$89,263 (US$65,567), or 67.36%, to C$43,255 (US$31,772) for the year ended June 30, 2020 from C$132,518 for the year ended June 30, 2019. Such decrease was due to the departure of consultants in the current year as compared to the prior year as a result of reduced corporate activity in 2020. Specifically, we discontinued certain consulting fees provided for the Company in Australia. Including in Consulting fees during the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were C$18,000 (US$13,222) and C$13,951 (US$ 10,248) respectively, paid for CFO services.
Professional fees. Professional fees include the fees that we pay to professional advisors, such audit and legal fees. Our professional fees decreased by C$40,202 (US$29,530), or 41.24%, to C$57,272 (US$42,068) for the year ended June 30, 2020 from C$97,474 for the year ended June 30, 2019. Such decrease was due to a reduction in audit and legal costs in the current year as compared to the prior as a result of our reduction in corporate activity.
Director and officer consulting fees. Director and officer consulting fees include the fees that we pay to certain of our directors and officers (or their nominees) who provide consulting services to us. Our director and officer consulting fees increased by C$26,200 (US$19,245), or 28.32%, to C$118,700 (US$87,190) for the year ended June 30, 2020 from C$92,500 for the year ended June 30, 2019. Such increase was due to an increase in the number of members of our consulting team.
Travel expenses. We pay or reimburse our employees and consultants for certain travel expenses. Our travel expenses decreased by C$34,024 (US$24,992), or 97.26%, to C$957 (US$703) for the year ended June 30, 2020 from C$34,981 for the year ended June 30, 2019. Such decrease was due to a significant decrease in travel due to the coronavirus pandemic.
General and administrative expenses. Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of rent expense, insurance, and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations. Our general and administrative expenses increased by C$6,131 (US$4,503), or 42.30%, to C$20,626 (US$15,151) for the year ended June 30, 2020 from C$14,495 for the year ended June 30, 2019. Such increase was due to additional insurance premiums as well as corporate taxes paid in the current year as compared to the previous year.
Transfer agent and regulatory fees. For the year ended June 30, 2020, we incurred transfer agent and regulatory fees in the amount of C$3,885 (US$2,854). We did not have such fees for the year ended June 30, 2019.
Bank fees and interest. Our bank fees and interest decreased by C$423 (US$311), or 13.68%, to C$2,669 (US$1,960) for the year ended June 30, 2020 from C$3,092 for the year ended June 30, 2019. Such decrease was due to late filing penalties issued by the CRA the previous year.
Foreign currency (loss) gain. For the year ended June 30, 2020, we incurred a foreign currency translation loss of C$6,001 (US$4,408), as compared to a foreign currency translation gain of C$1,263 for the year ended June 30, 2019. See “—Critical Accounting Policies—Foreign Currency Translation” below.
38
Recovery of flow through share liability. For the year ended June 30, 2020, we incurred a recovery of flow through share liability of C$71,249 (US$52,335). Flow-through share arrangements involve resource expenditure deductions for income tax purposes which are renounced to purchasers of common shares in accordance with income tax legislation. Each flow-through share entitles the holder to a 100% tax deduction in respect of qualifying Canadian exploration expenses. The value of the flow-through share liability was determined using the residual value method, after determining the fair value of the common shares and common shares purchase warrants issued in our December 2018 private placement financing. During the year ended June 30, 2020, we satisfied all of our flow-through obligations and recognized a recovery on the statement of loss and comprehensive loss for the full amount of the flow-through share liability. See also “—Critical Accounting Policies—Flow-Through Shares” below.
Loss and comprehensive loss. As a result of the cumulative effect of the factors described above, we had a loss and comprehensive loss of C$182,116 (US$133,771) for the year ended June 30, 2020, as compared to C$1,528,702 for the year ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of C$1,346,586 (US$989,119), or 88.09%.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As December 31, 2020, we had not yet placed any of our mineral properties into production and we had cash in the amount of C$52,293 (US$38,411), a deficit (accumulated losses) of C$1,822,847 (US$1,338,932) and current liabilities in excess of current assets of C$475,593 (US$349,336). This indicates a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on our ability to continue as a going concern. The condensed interim unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2020 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which assumes continuity of operations and realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future, which is at least, but not limited to, one year from December 31, 2020. Our condensed interim unaudited consolidated financial statements do not reflect the adjustments to the carrying values and classifications of assets and liabilities that would be necessary if we were unable to realize our assets and settle our liabilities as a going concern in the normal course of operations. Such adjustments could be material.
As of June 30, 2020, we had not yet placed any of our mineral properties into production and we had cash in the amount of C$143,089 (US$105,104), a deficit (accumulated losses) of C$1,719,088 (US$1,262,735) and current liabilities in excess of current assets of C$189,254 (US$139,014). These conditions indicate a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on our ability to continue as a going concern. Therefore, the report of our auditors on our audited consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 contains a going concern qualification. Our audited consolidated financial statements do not reflect the adjustments to the carrying values and classifications of assets and liabilities that would be necessary if we were unable to realize our assets and settle our liabilities as a going concern in the normal course of operations. Such adjustments could be material.
We have depended on loans, both from related and unrelated parties, and sales of equity securities to conduct operations. Unless and until we commence material operations and achieve material revenues, we will remain dependent on financings to continue our operations.
Anticipated Cash Requirements
We are planning to begin a two-phase exploration program that will include resource definition drilling of the TB-1 pegmatite as well as exploration drilling of the SG pegmatite cluster target.
As part of our planned phase 1 program, we intend to complete a stripping, mapping and sampling program on the SG pegmatite cluster in preparation for a phase 2 drilling program. Our preliminary cost estimate to complete phase 1 is C$250,000 (approximately US$183,634).
We are also planning a phase 2, 10,400 m drilling program to expand the dimensions of the TB-1 pegmatite and define the deposit in more detail. We will also begin developing an initial permitting plan and conduct additional metallurgical test work. We will complete a preliminary economic assessment report for the project. Will also plan to prospect the TBL property in phase 2. Our current cost estimate to complete phase 2 is C$3,000,000 (approximately US$2,203,614).
We note that the cost estimates for our two-phase planned exploration program are only estimates and, as such, they are subject to change as we move forward to carry out the budgeted exploration activities.
Please see “Business—Our Mineral Project–Thompson Brothers Lithium Project—Exploration Plan for TBL Property” for more details regarding these phases.
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We estimate our minimum operating expenses and working capital requirements for the next 12-month period to be as follows:
| Expense | Estimated Amount | |||||||
| C$ | US$ | |||||||
| Exploration | 3,000,000 | |||||||
| Consulting fees | 2,500,000 | |||||||
| Professional fees | 750,000 | |||||||
| Travel expenses | 200,000 | |||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 350,000 | |||||||
| Transfer agent and regulatory fees | 4,800 | |||||||
| Bank fees and interest | 2,000 | |||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | 6,800,000 | |||||||
If we do not raise any additional funds, we will not have enough working capital to follow our projected costs for the next 12-month period. Under such circumstances, we anticipate that exploration expenses would be reduced significantly, as we would only pay the minimum costs to keep our properties in good standing, and generally reduce our overhead costs. Specifically, under such circumstances we would reduce our consulting fees, professional fees, travel expenses and general and administrative expenses.
We plan to raise our required funds primarily through this offering and future sales of our equity securities. Under such circumstances, there is no assurance that we will be able to obtain further funds required for our continued working capital requirements. Any issuance of our equity securities in the near future may result in substantial dilution to our existing shareholders.
Summary of Cash Flow
Comparison of Six months Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for the six months ended all financial statement periods presented in this prospectus.
| Six months ended December 31, | 2019 | 2020 | ||||||||||
| C$ | C$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | (57,590 | ) | (76,531 | ) | (56,214 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (237,983 | ) | (46,965 | ) | (34,497 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | - | 32,700 | 24,019 | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash | (295,573 | ) | (90,796 | ) | (66,692 | ) | ||||||
| Cash beginning of the period | 598,999 | 143,089 | 105,103 | |||||||||
| Cash, end of the period | 303,426 | 52,293 | 38,411 | |||||||||
Our net cash used in operating activities was C$76,531 (US$56,214) for the six months ended December 31, 2020, as compared C$57,590 for the six months ended December 31, 2019. For the six months ended December 31, 2020, our net loss of C$103,759 (US$76,215), the decrease in accounts payable of C$34,103 (US$25,050), offset by an increase in amounts due to related party of C$61,227 (US$44,973), were the primary drivers of the net cash used in operating activities. For the six months ended December 31, 2019, the net loss of C$61,224 and the recovery of flow-through share liability of C$71,249, offset by sales tax receivable of $5,489 and accounts payable of $69,082, were the primary drivers of the net cash used in operating activities.
Our net cash used in investing activities was C$46,905 (US$34,497) for the six months ended December 31, 2020, as compared C$237,983 for the six months ended December 31, 2019. Our net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2020 consisted entirely of payments for the exploration and evaluation of assets, as were our net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2019 of C$237,983.
Our net cash generated from financing activities was C$32,700 (US$24,019) for the six months ended December 31, 201year ended June 30, 2020, as compared C$ Nil net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2019. Our net cash generated in financing activities for the six months ended December 31, 2020 consisted of loan from Nova Minerals of C$32,700 (US$24,019). There were no cash flow generated or used in financing activities during the six months ended December 31, 2019.
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Comparison of Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this prospectus.
| Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | 2020 | |||||||||||
| C$ | C$ | US$ | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | (235,660 | ) | (257,981 | ) | (189,497 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (629,291 | ) | (196,928 | ) | (144,651 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 1,463,950 | (1,001 | ) | (735 | ) | |||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash | 598,999 | (455,910 | ) | (334,883 | ) | |||||||
| Cash, beginning of year | - | 598,999 | 439,988 | |||||||||
| Cash, end of year | 598,999 | 143,089 | 105,104 | |||||||||
Our net cash used in operating activities was C$257,981 (US$189,497) for the year ended June 30, 2020, as compared C$235,660 for the year ended June 30, 2019. For the year ended June 30, 2020, our net loss of C$182,116 (US$133,771), the recovery of flow through share liability of C$71,249 (US$52,335) and a decrease in accounts payable of C$52,992 (US$38,925), offset by increases in prepaids and deposits of C$17,357 (US$12,749), sales tax receivable of C$16,034 (US$11,778) and amounts due to related party of C$12,310 (US$9,042), were the primary drivers of the net cash used in operating activities. For the year ended June 30, 2019, the net loss of C$1,528,702, offset by share-based compensation of C$1,154,905, were the primary drivers of the net cash used in operating activities.
Our net cash used in investing activities was C$196,928 (US$144,651) for the year ended June 30, 2020, as compared C$629,291 for the year ended June 30, 2019. Our net cash used in investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2020 consisted entirely of payments for the exploration and evaluation of assets, while our net cash used in investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2019 consisted of payments for the exploration and evaluation of assets of C$312,203 and payments to acquire tenements of C$317,088.
Our net cash used in financing activities was C$1,001 (US$735) for the year ended June 30, 2020, as compared C$1,463,950 net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2019. Our net cash used in financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2020 consisted of payments for a loan from Nova Minerals of C$1,114 (US$818), offset by proceeds from the exercise of warrants of C$113 (US$83), while our net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2019 consisted of proceeds from the issuance of shares of C$1,363,938 and proceeds from a loan from Nova Minerals of C$140,020, offset by transaction costs related to the issuance of shares and options of C$40,008.
Please see “Description of Share Capital—History of Securities Issuances” for a description of our recent private placements of securities.
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Related Party Transactions
The following schedule describes the amounts payable to related parties as of December 31, 2020:
| C$ | ||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 88,012 | |||
| Due to Nova Minerals Ltd. | 249,063 | |||
| 337,075 | ||||
On March 8, 2019, we entered into a deed of assignment of debt with Nova Minerals and Thompson Bros to facilitate the reassignment of the related party loan from Nova Minerals to our company. Thereby, we are now a party to an amount owing from Thompson Bros of C$1,519,013 (approximately US$1,115,773) as of June 30, 2020. In consideration for the assignment, we issued one of our common shares to Nova Minerals. The related party loan is non-interest bearing and with no fixed repayment date or terms.
As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, we had C$205,648 (approximately US$151,056) and C$206,752, respectively, due to our parent company, Nova Minerals. This money was lent to us by Nova Minerals to fund our startup as well as ongoing accounting, legal and general corporate costs.
Debenture Sales
On February 8, 2021, we conducted an initial closing of a private placement offering of our unsecured convertible debentures in which we sold C$470,000 (approximately US$345,233) in principal amount of the convertible debentures. On February 22, 2021, we conducted a second and final closing of this offering in which we sold C$350,000 (approximately US$257,088) in principal amount of the convertible debentures.
Contractual Obligations
As of December 31, 2020, we had C$249,063 (approximately US$182,944) due to our parent company, Nova Minerals. This money was lent to us by Nova Minerals to fund our startup as well as ongoing accounting, legal and general corporate costs. This loan is non-interest bearing and with no fixed repayment date or terms.
Except as indicated above, at December 31, 2020, we did not have other long-term debt obligations, capital (finance) lease obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations or other long-term liabilities reflected on our statements of financial position.
As of June 30, 2020, we had C$205,648 (approximately US$151,056) due to our parent company, Nova Minerals. This money was lent to us by Nova Minerals to fund our startup as well as ongoing accounting, legal and general corporate costs. This loan is non-interest bearing and with no fixed repayment date or terms.
Other than indicated above, at June 30, 2020, we did not have other long-term debt obligations, capital (finance) lease obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations or other long-term liabilities reflected on our statements of financial position.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates as well as, to a lesser extent, inflation.
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Our cash and short-term investments include cash in readily available checking accounts and guaranteed investment certificates. These securities are not dependent on interest rate fluctuations that may cause the principal amount of these assets to fluctuate.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
The majority of our cash flows, financial assets and liabilities are denominated in Canadian dollars, which is our functional and reporting currency. We are exposed to financial risk related to the fluctuation of foreign exchange rates and the degree of volatility of those rates. Currency risk is limited to the proportion of our business transactions denominated in currencies other than the Canadian dollar, primarily for capital expenditures, debt and various operating expenses such as salaries and professional fees. We also purchase property, plant and equipment in Canadian dollars. We do not currently use derivative financial instruments to reduce our foreign exchange exposure and management does not believe our current exposure to currency risk to be significant.
We estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately US$[ ] in this offering, based upon an assumed initial public offering price of US$[ ] per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on the cover page of this prospectus, assuming no exercise of the over-allotment option and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us. Assuming that we convert the full amount of the net proceeds from this offering into Canadian dollars, a 10.0% appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar, from the exchange rate of C$1.3614 per US$1.00 as of June 30, 2020 to a rate of C$1.22526 per US$1.00, will result in an increase of approximately C$[ ] in our net proceeds from this offering. Conversely, a 10.0% depreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar, from the exchange rate of C$1.3614 per US$1.00 as of June 30, 2020 to a rate of C$1.49754for $1.00, will result in a decrease of C$[ ] in our net proceeds from this offering.
Inflation Risk
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. If our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Critical Accounting Policies
The following discussion relates to critical accounting policies for our company. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires our management to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. We have identified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of our financial statements. These accounting policies are important for an understanding of our financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly from management’s current judgments. We believe the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements:
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Exploration and Evaluation Assets
Title to exploration and evaluation assets including mineral properties involves certain inherent risks due to the difficulties of determining the validity of certain claims as well as the potential for problems arising from the frequently ambiguous conveyancing historical characteristic of many properties. We have investigated title to all our mineral properties and, to the best of our knowledge title to all properties are in good standing.
We account for exploration and evaluation assets in accordance with IFRS 6 – Exploration for and evaluation of mineral properties. Once the legal right to explore a property has been acquired, costs directly related to exploration and evaluation are recognized and capitalized, in addition to the acquisition costs. These expenditures include but are not limited to acquiring licenses, researching and analyzing existing exploration data, conducting geological studies, exploration drilling and sampling and payments made to contractors and consultants in connection with the exploration and evaluation of the property. Costs not directly attributable to exploration and evaluation activities, including general administrative overhead costs, are expensed in the year in which they occur.
Acquisition costs incurred in obtaining legal right to explore a mineral property are deferred until the legal right is granted and thereon reclassified to mineral properties. Transaction costs incurred in acquiring an asset are deferred until the transaction is completed and then included in the purchase price of the asset acquired.
When a project is deemed to no longer have commercially viable prospects to our company, exploration and evaluation expenditures in respect of that project are deemed to be impaired. As a result, those exploration and evaluation expenditure costs, in excess of the estimated recoverable amount, are written off to the statement of loss and comprehensive loss.
We assess exploration and evaluation assets for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of the asset may exceed its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use.
Once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting the mineral resource has been determined, the property is considered a mine under development. Exploration and evaluation assets are also tested for impairment before the assets are transferred to development properties.
As we currently have no operational income, any incidental revenues earned in connection with exploration activities are applied as a reduction to capitalized exploration costs.
Provisions
Provisions are recorded when a present legal or constructive obligation exists as a result of past events where it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefit will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made.
Impairment of Assets
At each reporting date, we review the carrying amounts of our assets to determine whether there are any indicators of impairment. If any such indicator exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment, if any.
Where the asset does not generate cash inflows that are independent from other assets, we estimate the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit, or CGU, to which the asset belongs. Any intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is tested for impairment annually and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value, using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
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If the recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to the recoverable amount and an impairment loss is recognized immediately in the statement of loss and comprehensive loss. Where an impairment subsequently reverses, the carrying amount is increased to the revised estimate of recoverable amount but only to the extent that this does not exceed the carrying value that would have been determined if no impairment had previously been recognized. A reversal of impairment is recognized in the statement of loss and comprehensive loss.
Impairment of Non-Financial Assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other non-financial assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount.
Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value-in-use. The value-in-use is the present value of the estimated future cash flows relating to the asset using a pre-tax discount rate specific to the asset or cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Assets that do not have independent cash flows are grouped together to form a cash-generating unit.
Foreign Currency Translation
Our financial statements are prepared in our functional currency, determined on the basis of the primary economic environment in which we operate. Given that operations are in Canada, our presentation and functional currency is the Canadian dollar.
Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the transaction dates. At each reporting date, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into our functional currency at the then prevailing rates and non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated into our functional currency at rates in effect at the date the transaction took place.
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statements are included in the statements of loss and comprehensive loss for the period in which they arise.
Flow-Through Shares
Proceeds received from the issuance of flow-through shares are restricted to be used only for Canadian resource property exploration expenditures within a two-year period. The portion of the proceeds received but not yet expended at the end of the year is disclosed separately.
The issuance of flow-through common shares results in the tax deductibility of the qualifying resource expenditures funded from the proceeds of the sales of such common shares being transferred to the purchasers of the shares. On the issuance of such shares, we bifurcate the flow-through shares into a flow-through share premium, equal to the estimated fair value of the premium that investors pay for the flow-through tax feature, which is recognized as a liability, and equity values of share capital and/or warrants. As the related exploration expenditures are incurred, we derecognize the premium liability and recognizes the related recovery.
Financial Instruments
On July 1, 2018, we retrospectively adopted IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments which replaced IAS 39 - Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. Under IFRS 9, financial assets are classified and measured based on the business model in which they are held and the characteristics of their contractual cash flows. The standard also introduces additional changes relating to financial liabilities, amends the impairment model by introducing a new ‘expected credit loss’ model for calculating impairment and introduces a new general hedge accounting standard which aligns hedge accounting more closely with risk management.
The adoption of IFRS 9, retrospectively without restatement, did not have a significant impact on the measurement of our financial instruments in the financial statements. The following are our new accounting policies under IFRS 9:
Investments and Other Financial Assets
Investments and other financial assets are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs are included as part of the initial measurement, except for financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Such assets are subsequently measured at either amortised cost or fair value depending on their classification. Classification is determined based on both the business model within which such assets are held and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset unless, an accounting mismatch is being avoided.
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Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows have expired or have been transferred and we have transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. When there is no reasonable expectation of recovering part or all of a financial asset, it’s carrying value is written off.
Impairment of Financial Assets
We recognise a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial assets which are either measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income. The measurement of the loss allowance depends upon our assessment at the end of each reporting period as to whether the financial instrument’s credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition, based on reasonable and supportable information that is available, without undue cost or effort to obtain.
Where there has not been a significant increase in exposure to credit risk since initial recognition, a 12-month expected credit loss allowance is estimated. This represents a portion of the asset’s lifetime expected credit losses that is attributable to a default event that is possible within the next 12 months. Where a financial asset has become credit impaired or where it is determined that credit risk has increased significantly, the loss allowance is based on the asset’s lifetime expected credit losses. The amount of expected credit loss recognised is measured on the basis of the probability weighted present value of anticipated cash shortfalls over the life of the instrument discounted at the original effective interest rate.
Financial Assets at Amortized Cost
Financial assets at amortized cost are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently carried at amortized cost less any impairment. They are classified as current assets or non-current assets based on their maturity date. Gains and losses on derecognition of financial assets classified amortized cost are recognized in profit or loss.
Financial Liabilities
For financial liabilities, the new standard retains most of the IAS 39 requirements. The main change is that, in cases where the fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change relating to our own credit risk is recorded in other comprehensive income rather than in profit or loss, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. Financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred, and are subsequently measured at amortized cost. Any difference between the amounts originally received, net of transaction costs, and the redemption value is recognized in profit and loss over the period to maturity using the effective interest method.
Recent Changes in Accounting Policies
During the six months ended December 31, 2020, the Company adopted a number of amendments and improvements of existing standards. These included IAS 1 – Presentation of Financial Statements, and IAS 8 – Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors. The adoption of these new amendments did not have any material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In January 2016, the International Accounting Standards Board published a new accounting standard, IFRS 16 - Leases which supersedes IAS 17 - Leases. IFRS 16 specifies how to recognize, measure, present and disclose leases. The standard provides a single lessee accounting model, requiring the recognition of assets and liabilities for all leases, unless the lease term is 12 months or less or the underlying asset has a low value. We adopted IFRS 16 effective July 1, 2019. As we do not have any material lease agreements, the adoption of this standard did not materially impact our financial statements.
Future Accounting Pronouncements
Certain pronouncements were issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) or the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”) that are mandatory for accounting periods commencing on or after January 1, 2021. Many are not applicable or do not have a significant impact to the Company and have been excluded.
IAS 1 – Presentation of Financial Statements (“IAS 1”) was amended in January 2020 to provide a more general approach to the classification of liabilities under IAS 1 based on the contractual arrangements in place at the reporting date. The amendments clarify that the classification of liabilities as current or noncurrent is based solely on a company’s right to defer settlement at the reporting date. The right needs to be unconditional and must have substance. The amendments also clarify that the transfer of a company’s own equity instruments is regarded as settlement of a liability, unless it results from the exercise of a conversion option meeting the definition of an equity instrument. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the amendments on its financial statements.
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CORPORATE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE
Our Corporate History
We were incorporated in the Province of Manitoba, Canada under The Corporations Act (Manitoba) on May 25, 2018. We have three wholly owned subsidiaries, Snow Lake Exploration, Snow Lake Crowduck and Thompson Bros (formerly Manitoba Minerals Pty Ltd).
Snow Lake Exploration was incorporated by us on May 25, 2018 in Manitoba, Canada. Snow Lake Exploration is an operating company formed to conduct the exploration and development of mineral resources.
Snow Lake Crowduck was incorporated by us on May 25, 2018 in Manitoba, Canada. Snow Lake Crowduck is an asset holding company and holds all of the ownership interests in 20 mineral claims of Block A and 18 mineral claims of Block B on the TBL property.
Thompson Bros was incorporated by our parent company, Nova Minerals, on May 11, 2016 under the name Manitoba Minerals Pty Ltd., or MMPL, in Melbourne, Australia. On March 8, 2019, we acquired all of the outstanding common shares of Thompson Bros from Nova Minerals by agreeing to exchange with Nova Minerals 47,999,900 of our common shares for all of the issued common shares of Thompson Bros. On July 14, 2019, we changed the name of MMPL to Thompson Bros. The 20 Block A claims held by Thompson Bros have been transferred to Snow Lake Crowduck and we are now in the process of dissolving this company in Australia, On February 9, 2021, Thompson Bros corporate registration was cancelled in Manitoba.
Our Claims History
On April 21, 2016, an agreement between Strider Resources Ltd, or Strider Resources, and Ashburton Ventures Inc., or Ashburton Ventures (now known as Progressive Planet Solutions Inc., or PPSL), was entered into pursuant to which Ashburton Ventures acquired the right to earn up to a 100% interest in the TBL property then owned by Strider Resources and consisting, at that time, of the 20 Block A claims, subject to a 2% net smelter royalty payable to Strider Resources, by meeting certain cash and share requirements to Strider Resources and certain expenditure requirements on the TBL property exploration project.
On September 26, 2016, Ashburton Ventures entered into an agreement with MMPL (now known as Thompson Bros) pursuant to which MMPL acquired the right to earn up to a 95% interest in the TBL property, subject to the 2% net smelter royalty payable to Strider Resources, by funding the option requirements of Ashburton Ventures in its agreement with Strider Resources of April 21, 2016. This agreement was amended on April 12, 2017, to reduce the maximum MMPL could earn to an 80% interest in the TBL property.
In the fall of 2016, to meet the expenditure requirements of the previously mentioned agreements, a modest program of prospecting and soil sampling was completed on the TBL property, followed by a five hole (1,007 m) drill program on the TBL property.
In March to April of 2018, Snow Lake Crowduck staked the 18 Block B claims.
On November 14, 2018, PPSL entered into a separate agreement with us pursuant to which we agreed to purchase the remaining 20% interest in the TBL property from PPSL, subject to the 2% net smelter royalty payable to Strider Resources, in exchange for 12,000,000 of our common shares. 1,500,000 of these shares were issued to Strider Resources.
On November 15, 2018, an agreement among Strider Resources, PPSL and us was entered into to enable us to purchase of 100% of the TBL property from Strider Resources.
On March 8, 2019, as amended on April 1, 2019, we entered into an agreement with Nova Minerals and MMPL to purchase MMPL from Nova Minerals in exchange for 47,999,900 of our common shares.
On April 12, 2019 we fulfilled our contractual obligations with Strider Resources and exercised our option to acquire the 100% ownership interest in the TBL Property, subject to the 2% net smelter royalty payable to Strider Resources, 80% of which was in the name of MMPL at that time. In consideration of this acquisition, we issued 10,500,000 of our common shares to PPSL and 1,500,000 shares Strider Resources.
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On February 11, 2020 we purchased from Thompson Bros (formerly MMPL) the 80% interest in the TBL property held by Thompson Bros. After this transaction, we owned 100% of the TBL property interest.
On February 25, 2020 we transferred our 100% interest in the TBL property to our wholly owned subsidiary, Snow Lake (Crowduck) Ltd. This interest remains subject to a 2% net smelter royalty payable to Strider Resources.
On May 22, 2020, we changed the recordation of the TBL property claims so that the entire TBL property made up of 38 claims covering 5596 hectares of land became registered in the name of Snow Lake (Crowduck) Ltd. Claim credits that we were entitled to were used to extend the expiry of all of the TBL property claims to 2023 and beyond.
From May 21, 2021 through June 9, 2021 an additional 22 claims covering 3,187 hectares of land were staked by Snow Lake (Crowduck) Ltd. The status of these claims is pending with the Manitoba Department of Agriculture and Resource Development and until the claims are deemed to be active by the Manitoba Department of Agriculture and Resource Development they could be cancelled, rejected or otherwise not become the property of Snow lake (Crowduck) Ltd. If all of the new the claims which were staked are successfully included in our claim package, the entire land package would total of 60 claims covering 8,783 hectares.
To date, we have invested a limited amount of capital in the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project and historical drilling on the TBL property has been limited as well. To prove our lithium resource on the TBL property, we will need to engage in a drilling program that will require additional capital expenditure. We expect that this offering will provide us with the funds needed to complete our planned exploration drilling program, to generate the required data to prove our resources. We cannot provide any assurance, however, that we will be able to raise the required capital, through this offering or otherwise, on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
Our Corporate Structure
The chart below presents our corporate structure:
Thompson Bros (Lithium) Pty Ltd. is in the process of being dissolved in Australia.
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Information included in this prospectus relating to our industry consists of estimates based on reports compiled by professional third-party organizations and analysts, data from external sources, our knowledge of the industry in which we operate, and our own calculations based on such information. While we have compiled, extracted, and reproduced industry data from external sources, including third-party, industry, or general publications, we have not independently verified the data. Similarly, while we believe our management estimates to be reasonable, they have not been verified by any independent sources. Forecasts and other forward-looking information with respect to industry and ranking are subject to the same qualifications and additional uncertainties regarding the other forward-looking statements in this prospectus.
Market Overview
Mining accounts for a significant portion of Canada’s economy. Natural Resources Canada2 pegged domestic mineral production at C$47 billion (approximately US$34.5 billion) in 2018. Canada’s mining and exploration companies are also important players in the international mining industry. Manitoba hosts the historic Tanco mine, which sits atop the world-class Tanco lithium-cesium-tantalum deposit and is located at Bernic Lake. The Tanco pegmatite was first discovered in the 1920s and ultimately developed into a large deposit of spodumene, one of the primary minerals mined for its lithium content. While the Tanco mine first opened in 1969 as a tantalum operation, it was not until the 1980s that it began mining spodumene as a pyroceramic. In fact, one of the major uses of the Tanco spodumene was as an ingredient in Corningware cookware3.
Historically, the Tanco mine’s production focused on spodumene for industrial use with minimal focus on lithium production. With the advent and growth of lithium battery-powered cars, interest has developed in the Tanco mine region in the search for, and exploration of, lithium-rich spodumene deposits.
Lithium-bearing pegmatites occur across the Province of Manitoba including in areas such as Snow Lake, Red Sucker Lake, Gods Lake and Cross Lake, all hosting known pegmatite lithium deposits. The emergence of the Electronic vehicle, or EV, market has spurred investment and mining interest in Manitoba for lithium exploration activity with New Age Metals, Grid Metals, and Snow Lake’s neighbor Far Resources being a few of the mining companies exploring for lithium in Manitoba.
Lithium Production – Supply, Demand and Price Trends
Lithium prices almost tripled between mid-2015 and mid-2018 as the world’s fleet of electric vehicles hit 5 million and the auto industry began to become concerned regarding the supply of raw materials. As can be seen in the lithium spot price charts below, from mid-2018 through the beginning of 2021, lithium prices declined steadily. Recently, lithium prices have begun to rise again, we believe, reflecting an increase in demand for battery powered vehicles.
| 2 | https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/our-natural-resources/minerals-mining/minerals-metals-facts/minerals-and-the-economy/20529 |
| 3 | https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/battery-metals-investing/lithium-investing/manitoba-a-little-known-source-of-lithium/ |
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Source: Fastmarkets
In 2019, the world consumed approximately 315,000 tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent, or LCE, a 21% increase from the 261,000 tonnes consumed in 2018, according to the December 2019 Resources and Energy Report on Lithium from the Australian government4. World lithium production is estimated to have grown to 470,000 tonnes in 2019, up 18% from 20185. In 2019, oversupply in the lithium market caused a significant pull back on price. At the end of 2018/beginning of 2019, Fastmarkets reported 99.5% lithium carbonate battery-grade spot prices, CIF China, Japan & Korea, of US$13,000-$15,000 per tonne6. In 2019, prices declined throughout the year. In June 2019, Fastmarkets reported 99.5% lithium carbonate battery-grade spot prices, CIF China, Japan & Korea, of US$11,000-$12,500 per tonne7, and by the end of December 2019, prices of US$8,000-$9,500 per tonne were reported8. The 99.5% lithium carbonate battery-grade spot prices for Europe and the U.S. were reported at US$10,000-$11,500 per tonne9.
Lithium prices plummeted in 2019, as a result of oversupply in the market and a slowdown in EV growth. This oversupply was attributed, primarily, to a number of new spodumene mines entering production in Australia. In China, in June 2019, the government cut subsidies for New Energy Vehicles, or NEVs, in half, by as much as 25,000 yuan (US$3,600) per vehicle10. Chinese NEV sales then began falling in July 2019 resulting in a reduction in NEV sales by 47% in October compared with the same month in the previous year11. These changes caused lithium consumers to hold back on purchases.
| 4 | https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/resourcesandenergyquarterlydecember2019/documents/Resources-and-Energy-Quarterly-December-2019-Lithium.pdf |
| 5 | Ibid |
| 6 | https://www.metalbulletin.com/Article/3851378/GLOBAL-LITHIUM-WRAP-Chinese-lithium-prices-stable-ahead-of-year-end- other-regional-markets-flat.html |
| 7 | https://seekingalpha.com/article/4272099-lithium-miners-news-month-june-2019 |
| 8 | https://www.metalbulletin.com/Article/3914427/GLOBAL-LITHIUM-WRAP-Lunar-New-Year-production-logistics-halts-slow- Asian-market-activity.html |
| 9 | Ibid |
| 10 | https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/19/china-subsidy-cuts-for-electric-carmakers-could-lead-to-consolidation.html and https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-11-08/china-is-considering-cutting-electric-car-subsidies-again |
| 11 | https://stockhead.com.au/resources/tim-treadgold-lithium-stocks-close-to-the-bottom-its-time-to-revisit-a-sold-down-sector/ |
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As lithium prices declined, high cost, marginal producers began to cut production and halt expansion plans. For example, in August 2019, Albemarle Corporation announced it would delay construction plans for approximately 125,000 tonnes of additional lithium processing capacity due to the effect of oversupply on lithium prices12. Pilbara Minerals postponed stage two and three expansion plans at its Pilgangoora lithium-tantalum project in Western Australia that were projected to result in the production of an additional 7.5 million tonnes of lithium ore a year13.
In November 2019, Albemarle and Mineral Resources put their Wodgina project into care and maintenance indefinitely14. Albemarle indicatd that the Wodgina mine would remain idle until demand for spodumene warranted a re-start15. Nemaska Lithium suspended operations in October 2019 at its Whabouchi lithium mine and applied for creditor protection in December 2019, thus removing planned production of 37,000 tonnes of LiOH and 205,000 tonnes of lithium concentrate from the market16. In In 2020, the outlook for lithium pricing continued to be bearish with commentators such as Morgan Stanley expecting lithium prices to fall further or to at least be stable in 2021 and 202217. January 2020, Galaxy Resources announced that in response to market conditions, it had reviewed operations at Mount Cattlin facility, resulting in a reduction in operations by approximately 60%18.
We expect that the reduction in lithium production from the cutbacks referenced above will work through the lithium supply chain resulting in a reduction in lithium stockpile levels and an increase in lithium pricing and demand.
The chart below shows the 2019 percentage breakdown of lithium demand by category of use.
Source: Roskill19
As can be seen in this chart, in 2019, rechargeable batteries accounted for 54% of total lithium demand, consisting almost entirely of Li-ion battery technology. Though the rise of hybrid and electric vehicle sales leading up to 2020 brought expectations of increased demand for lithium compounds, falling EV sales in the second half of 2019 in China, the largest market for EVs, and a global reduction in EV sales in 2020, caused by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns, halted lithium demand growth, impacting demand from both battery and industrial applications. Countering this 2019 and early 2020 decrease in lithium demand, James Jeary of CRU Group noted that “The main surprise in the lithium market this year [2020] was on the demand side,” he told INN20 during a January 2021 interview. “EV sales were hugely resilient, particularly in Europe. Even in China, the recovery of sales in H2 after a sluggish H1 has been very strong.”
| 12 | https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-albemarle-results/albemarle-to-delay-construction-plans-for-125000-tonnes-of-lithium- processing-idUKKCN1UY1QS |
| 13 | https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20190501/pdf/444qxyxr97r2h0.pdf |
| 14 | https://www.afr.com/companies/mining/minres-reaps-us1-3-billion-for-stake-in-mothballed-lithium-mine-20191101-p536h2 |
| 15 | Ibid. |
| 16 | https://www.nemaskalithium.com/en/investors/press-releases/2019/53f0e3be-0d29-475e-b37f-7090e58ede31/ |
| 17 | https://www.spglobal.com/platts/en/market-insights/latest-news/metals/110819-lithium-producers-paint-gloomy-picture-for-2020 |
| 18 | https://www.reuters.com/article/galaxy-rsrcs-output/australias-galaxy-resources-to-slash-output-at-flagship-lithium-mine-in- 2020-idUSL4N29S077 |
| 19 | https://roskill.com/market-report/lithium/ |
| 20 | https://investingnews.com/daily/resource-investing/battery-metals-investing/lithium-investing/lithium-outlook/ |
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Increasing Lithium Demand
According to FastMarkets.com (see table above), demand for battery grade lithium is now expected to almost triple by 2025 to more than 850 thousand metric tonnes. The recent decline and cutbacks in upstream investment, however, could result in the market undersupply during the next few years. We believe that it is clear that investment needs to be made in lithium mining now to meet the upcoming expected increase in demand. Fastmarkets predicts the need for 16 new lithium mines of average size to go online prior to 2025. Roskill maintains the view that future refined lithium supply will remain tight, with a period of sustained supply deficit in the mid-2020s21 It is our understanding that further additions to lithium production capacity for mined and refined lithium products will be required to keep pace with demand growth, led by battery applications.
Demand for lithium is increasing outside of the EV market. According to the India Brand Equity Foundation22, electronics manufacturing is expected to grow at an annual rate of 30% between 2020 to 2025. Lithium primary cell batteries are central units in many consumer electronics goods. Major manufacturers in the primary battery market include Hitachi Maxell, Ultralife, Energizer, FDK Corporation, Tadiran, Vitzrocell, EVE Energy, Panasonic, SAFT, Varta, Duracell, EnerSys Ltd., Gp Batteries, Excell Battery Co., and Bren-tronics. The global lithium primary batteries market is expected to grow from $11.28 Billion in 2020 to $12.24 Billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.5%.23 The table below shows the expected growth of the consumer electronics lithium battery market in USD billions from 2020 to 202524.
The expectation of strong demand growth in the lithium market and related higher raw material prices has led some market participants to look at the economic viability of recycling to solve the projected lithium supply shortage. The table below presents a projection of the compound annual growth rate for the value of raw materials present in Li-ion batteries available for recycling.
| 21 | https://menafn.com/1101724172/Lithium-Primary-Batteries-Industry-Driven-By-Increasing-Demand-For-Consumer-Electronics |
| 22 | https://menafn.com/1101724172/Lithium-Primary-Batteries-Industry-Driven-By-Increasing-Demand-For-Consumer-Electronics |
| 23 | https://menafn.com/1101724172/Lithium-Primary-Batteries-Industry-Driven-By-Increasing-Demand-For-Consumer-Electronics |
| 24 | https://menafn.com/1101724172/Lithium-Primary-Batteries-Industry-Driven-By-Increasing-Demand-For-Consumer-Electronics |
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Source: Engineering.com25
Roskill’s longer term scenarios show strong growth for lithium demand over the coming decade; Roskill forecasts demand to exceed 1.0Mt LCE in 2027, with growth in excess of 18% per year to 203026.
We believe that the long-term outlook for lithium products remains strong. In research by Signumbox published in April 2019 and commissioned by Deutsche Lithium for their feasibility study, SignumBox indicated that it anticipated a global annual demand for lithium chemicals to reach approximately 1,700,000 tonnes of LCE by 2037, equating to an average annual growth rate of approximately 11.5% over the next 20 years27. A key theme at the Fastmarkets’ 11th Lithium Supply and Markets Conference (June 11, 2019) was that global lithium demand could outpace supply in the coming years, with the number of new projects expected to fall short of expected production amid doubts on capital availability and low lithium prices28.
Key Market Growth Drivers - EVs
Although Lithium has multiple industrial and consumer electronics applications, the most prominent application is battery production. Future lithium demand is heavily linked to future EV production. We believe that a robust U.S. climate change policy agenda that includes plans to facilitate the ramping up of EV production and government-mandated targets for EV market penetration is a positive catalyst for further growth in lithium demand.
As can be seen in the chart on page 2 above, the leading driver for the growth in lithium consumption has been battery production. Future lithium demand is heavily linked to future EV production. The majority of lithium production and downstream EV battery supply is currently based in China. We believe that with governments seeking to prevent supply line bottlenecks and shortages due to geopolitical or other factors, there will be increasing demand for local, i.e., U.S. and Canadian, lithium production. We also believe that climate change policy agendas as well as government mandated targets for EV market penetration will be positive catalysts for a growth in lithium demand over the coming years.
| 25 | https://www.engineering.com/story/the-whos-who-of-lithium-ion-battery-recycling |
| 26 | https://www.greencarcongress.com/2020/11/20201125-roskill.html |
| 27 | http://www.deutschelithium.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/NI43-101-Zinnwald_Feasibility-Study_Summary.pdf |
| 28 | https://www.indmin.com/Article/3878594/LITHIUM-CONF-Lithium-demand-could-outpace-supply-due-to-low-prices-few-projects.html |
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Due to serious issues surrounding global warming, we believe that it has become imperative to implement energy transformation. The Paris Agreement between counties around the world is an effort to collaborate on this transformation. It is estimated that to maintain the global temperature rise within 1.5 degrees, the consumption of electric energy as a renewable energy source will rise from 24 percent to 86 percent by 205029.This means that the EV industry should flourish in the coming years. Countries around the world have already formulated plans to support this change. For example, Japan and Germany have set plans to ban gas operated vehicles by the year 2050. It is estimated that global sales of new energy-efficient passenger vehicles are expected to reach 12 million in 2025, and the compound growth rate will reach 32.5% from 2019 to 2025. By 2030, the number of EVs on the road is expected to rise to 125 million30.
Annual global EV sales by market. (Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance.)
| 29 | https://www.engineering.com/story/the-whos-who-of-lithium-ion-battery-recycling |
| 30 | Ibid. |
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Government Growth Drivers for the Lithium Battery Market
The primary drivers of this forecasted growth in EV sales, as demonstrated in the table below, are expected to be government policies (particularly in China), new regulations (particularly in Europe), and steadily increasing consumer adoption, as evidenced by a wider availability of EV models being produced by original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs.
Source: Livant IPO filing31
Governments have instituted incentives and other subsidies to support the development of EVs by automotive OEMs and to increase consumer adoption of EVs.
After entering commercial markets in the first half of the last decade, electric car sales have soared. Only about 17,000 electric cars were on the world’s roads in 2010. By 2019, that number had grown to 7.2 million EVs, 47% of which were in China. 32 The Chinese government has declared that the electric vehicle industry is of strategic importance over the long term. The “new energy” vehicle industry is one of ten industries targeted as a key effort to further the Chinese government’s “Made in China” initiative by 2025. In addition to China, several other countries have also announced plans to phase out and eventually replace internal combustion engine, or ICE, vehicles with EV models. Countries such as France, Norway, and the UK have all set dates for these bans, with Norway’s being the most aggressive, as all new car sales in Norway must be zero emissions (battery EV or fuel cell) by 2025.33
| 31 | https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1742924/000119312518258208/d603292ds1.htm |
| 32 | https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2020 |
| 33 | https://www.forbes.com/sites/pikeresearch/2020/11/04/ice-bans-begin-to-take-shape-in-the-us/?sh=52a3b5273e17 |
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To meet these target dates, governments will need to provide assistance to the EV industry, in general, and to the lithium mining sector, in particular, by supportive actions such as removing red tape for new mining projects. Some projects are already seeing such support as American Lithium announced receipt in March 2021 of a grant to support the development of a lithium hydroxide plant in Nevada34. E3 Metals Corp, an Alberta, Canada based lithium exploration company, announced a Canadian federal government grant for expanded lithium extraction technology research with the University of Alberta.35
We believe the growth in the EV market worlwide has been aided by various incentive programs extended by the national governments to both automakers and consumers. In the graphic below, for example, government of Singapore is advertising their program to encourage EV adoption by offering incentives to consumers.
In September 2017, China issued a New Energy Vehicles (including BEVs and PHEVs) credit mandate, which became effective in 2019, and in 2018, the Chinese government adjusted its subsidy policy to favor BEVs that offer longer driving ranges. Additionally, federal tax credit incentives in the United States of up to $7,500 have also been made available for persons buying certain hybrid and all-electric cars.36
| 34 | https://thedeepdive.ca/american-lithium-receives-us-government-grant-for-lithium-processing-plant. |
| 35 | https://www.juniorminingnetwork.com/junior-miner-news/press-releases/2147-tsx-venture/etmc/44999-e3-metals- receives-federal-government-grant-for-expanded-lithium-extraction-technology-research-with-the-university-of-alberta.html |
| 36 | https://electrek.co/2021/03/03/which-electric-vehicles-still-qualify-for-us-federal-tax-credit/ |
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In response to the changing government policies and incentives favoring EVs, various OEMs have announced plans to expand EV production lines in the future. The chart below summarizes EV production plans from many major OEMs.
Source: Livant IPO filing37
In addition to expanding their offering of EV models, automotive OEMs are focused on improving total energy density and reducing weight in batteries to increase the driving range of EVs. To achieve these improvements, EV battery manufacturers are increasingly using high nickel content cathode materials that contain less cobalt and more nickel, while the lithium content remains largely unchanged.
High nickel content cathode technologies include lithium nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide, or NCA, and lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide containing 80% nickel, or NMC 811. NCA cathodes are already used in leading EV models, and automotive OEMs’ roadmaps for new EV models indicate an increasing transition to NMC 811 style batteries. Due to the underlying chemistry, battery-grade lithium hydroxide, the type of lithium we expect to mine, is required in the manufacturing of high nickel content cathode material, whereas lithium carbonate, produced from lithium brine, is used in lower energy density EV battery applications.
| 37 | Ibid. |
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Ideal Location
The Thompson Brothers Lithium Project is ideally located in North America’s “Auto Alley.” With the Hudson Bay Railway having a railhead 30 km from our project, the TBL property has access to means of transportation to bring our lithium product north to the Port of Churchill, for shipment to Europe, or South to Auto Alley. The map below shows the extended reach of CN’s rail lines into the US Auto Alley.
Additionally, Manitoba is a green province, with 97%38 of electricity derived from renewable sources. This offers the potential to have a nearly net zero mine and production plant producing renewable products.
CN’s network of rail lines. Source: CN website
If one compares the map above to the map of the North American auto industry below, it can be seen that Snow Lake’s Thompson Brothers Lithium Project is strategically situated to access and address this market.
U.S “AutoAlley”.
Source: Global Infrastructure Connectivity Alliance39
| 38 | https://www.hydro.mb.ca/your_home/electric_vehicles/ |
| 39 | https://www.gica.global/initiative/north-americas-super-corridor-coalition-nasco |
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The maps below present a more detailed depiction of the location of U.S. automotive plants, primarily in the “Auto Alley.”
Source: MarkLines – Automotive Industry Portal
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Overview
We are an emerging lithium chemicals and exploration company focused on the development of our 100% owned Thompson Brothers Lithium property, or the TBL property, in the historic and preeminent mining center of Snow Lake, Manitoba, Canada. Our goal is to become a strategic supplier of battery-grade lithium hydroxide to the growing electric vehicle battery and battery storage markets. Our primary asset is the TBL property, which consists of 38 contiguous mining claims located 20 km from Snow Lake, Manitoba. To capitalize on the fast-growing lithium market, our main focus is to monetize the resources and reserves held in the TBL property. This property has an S-K 1300 compliant indicated and inferred mineral resource estimate of approximately 11.1 million tonnes of lithium bearing ore consisting of an Indicated Resource of 9,082,600 tonnes of lithium bearing ore grading 1.00% Li2O, for 91,200 Li2O tonnes, and an Inferred Resource of 1,967,900 tonnes of lithium bearing ore grading 0.98% Li2O, for 19,300 Li2O tonnes.
The Thompson Bros Lithium Project is ideally located in the Province of Manitoba, Canada, where 97% of the electrical energy supply is from hydro- electric renewable sources. The region of Snow Lake, where the TBL Property is situated, is mining friendly, and the Hudson Bay Railway runs within 30km of the TBL property. The Hudson Bay rail runs north to the Port of Churchill which supplies access to Europe by ship, or south to the EV manufacturing markets in Michigan and the southern US. we intend to be the first producer of battery grade lithium in North America using fully renewable sources of energy to power all of our future mining operations. Our belief is that investors and customers will demand ethically mined commodities created through the use of renewable energy sources enabling the ecologically friendly development of the electric vehicle market as a viable alternative to ICE powered vehicles. We intend to be a leader in these efforts and our TBL property’s location provides for that unique opportunity.
We are in the process of exploring our TBL property expecting that following a planned two-phase exploration program we will be in a position to move towards the development of our mineral resources, and, ultimately to the establishing of commercial operations. We are planning to complete a preliminary economic assessment, or PEA, which we have already begun, in the coming months. The PEA will then be expanded into a preliminary feasibility study, or PFS, which will be used to seek additional funding for the development of the TBL property. The studies will review the test work, process design, vendor furnished equipment packages and other mine development requirements as well as cost estimates for the possible development of a commercial spodumene floatation plant. In addition, the studies will examine permitting and potential environmental issues for the proposed floatation plant locations as well as operational expenditures and capital expenditures, which will be inputted into a general economic model.
We engage in our exploration of lithium mineral resources through two subsidiaries: Snow Lake Exploration and Snow Lake Crowduck. Snow Lake Exploration is our operating company and Snow Lake Crowduck is our asset holding company. The TBL property is located in north central Manitoba, measuring about 15 km by 6 km, comprises 38 contiguous mineral claims covering 5,596 hectares (approximately 13,828 acres) and straddles Crowduck Bay at the northeastern end of Lake Wekusko. The property includes two blocks of claims that we own. Block A comprises 20 contiguous mineral claims, covering 2,277 hectares (approximately 5626.59 acres). Block B comprises 18 contiguous mineral claims covering 3,319 hectares (approximately 8,201.43 acres). The Block B claims were staked by Snow Lake Crowduck in March and April of 2018 and, along with the Block A claims, are 100% owned by Snow Lake Crowduck. Our subsidiary, Thompson Bros, which originally held the 20 Block A claims and related business arrangements, is in the process of being dissolved in Australia and its corporate registration in Manitoba was cancelled on February 9, 2021.
Our Exploration Target – Thompson Brothers Lithium Project – Indicated and Inferred Resources
On June 3, 2021, our parent company, Nova Minerals, announced the existence of an S-K 1300 compliant indicated and inferred lithium mineral resource at our Thompson Brothers Lithium Project in central Manitoba, Canada. The main features of this resource, as reflected in the table below, can be characterized as follows:
| ● | An S-K 1300 compliant indicated and inferred mineral resource estimate of approximately 11.1 million tonnes of lithium bearing ore consisting of an Indicated Resource of 9,082,600 tonnes of lithium bearing ore grading 1.00% Li2O, for 91,200 Li2O tonnes, and an Inferred Resource of 1,967,900 tonnes of lithium bearing ore grading 0.98% Li2O, for 19,300 Li2O tonnes. |
| ● | The indicated and inferred resource is entirely from a single high grade lithium bearing spodumene pegmatite dyke partially outcropping at surface. |
| ● | The indicated and inferred resource covers less than 5% of the TBL property area. |
We note that the ranges of potential tonnage and grade (or quality) of the lithium resource at our Thompson Brothers Lithium Project are conceptual in nature. We have conducted insufficient exploration of our Thompson Brothers Lithium Project to estimate a mineral resource (i.e., a concentration or occurrence of material of economic interest in or on the Earth's crust in such form, grade or quality, and quantity that there are reasonable prospects for economic extraction), and it is uncertain whether further exploration will result in the estimation of a mineral resource. Our Thompson Brothers Lithium Project exploration target, therefore, does not represent, and should not be construed to be, an estimate of a mineral resource or a mineral reserve.
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Thompson Brothers Project Indicated and Inferred Resource
| Cut-Off 0.3 Li2O% | Tonnes (t) | Grade Li2O% | Li2O tonnes | |||||||||
| Indicated | 9,082,600 | 1.00 | 91,200 | |||||||||
| Inferred | 1,967,900 | 0.98 | 19,300 | |||||||||
Our lithium resource is comprised entirely from one spodumene pegmatite dyke (the TB1 Dyke) as defined by our 2017/2018 drill programs with approximately 4,800 meters drilled during that period. This main dyke is close to additional lithium bearing mineralization that is as yet undefined and does not comprise part of the existing resource. The resource remains open at depth and along strike in both the north and south directions which will be among targets for the next phase of drilling.
Estimation was conducted only within the mineralized pegmatite with internal and external waste excluded as identified by hard boundaries. Interpretation occurred on a two dimensional sectional basis then combined to form a three dimensional volume model of the in-situ pegmatite dyke. No waste material in the host country rock was estimated.
The resource was estimated using Micromine software with an inverse distance squared interpolation method due to insufficient data available to suit variography and kriging.
The resultant resource is classified as containing both indicated and inferred resource in accordance with S-K 1300 when taking into consideration, data density, deposit geometry, likely extensions and possible interpretation alternatives. A sufficient number of holes required to provide more than an indicated category confidence in the Thompson Bros resource have not been drilled. We have not completed any economic modelling or reporting and, therefore, the available, historical drilling information is considered early stage, and the risk of the failure of additional drilling to provide confirmation of our indicated and inferred resource is great. To date, a limited amount of capital has been invested in the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project and the future success of the project will rely heavily on the availability of additional capital which may not be available to us on favorable terms, if at all. Future capital investment in us may result in dilution of your investment in our ordinary shares and a failure to confirm our resource may result in a failure of our business and the complete loss of your investment.
Geology and Interpretation
The dyke in the Thompson Brothers Project has been modelled as an intrusion into a pebble metaconglomerate/greywacke group of host sediments. The dyke has been interpreted as sub vertical, dipping between 2.5° – 8.5° towards 130° azimuth. The strike of the body has minor variations around a general trend azimuth of 040° and an interpreted plunge of 5° to the north based on visual trends seen from the assays. The dyke carries both mineralized and unmineralized pegmatite as identified by the presence of spodumene as the lithium bearing mineral. Spodumene is considered the most important lithium ore mineral due to its high lithium content. Only the lithium bearing pegmatite has been modelled in this instance which extends for a total length of 1,012 m ranging in true thickness from a maximum of 18 m to a minimum of 1.8 m however, mineralization has not been closed off either at depth or to the north or south of the drilled area.
The dyke is generally orientated between 20° and 40° offset from the apparent foliation in the surrounding country rock and there is outcropping evidence of additional mineralized and unmineralized pegmatite in the area that is yet to be defined in terms of size and or orientation.
Drilling
All holes were drilled with diamond providing NQ sized core. The total number of meters drilled during our 2017/2018 exploration program was 4804.92 m from 24 holes with a maximum depth of 371 m. Holes were drilled at varying angles to allow multiple intersections and multiple holes to be drilled from single drill locations to minimize earthworks and clearing.
Sampling
Core was logged by professional consulting geologists and sampled on a geological basis. Sample lengths were typically 1 m intervals but some samples were as small as 0.14 m or as large as 1.75 m. Core was halved with a diamond saw and placed into plastic sample bags for delivery to SRC Geoanalytical Laboratories in Saskatoon, Canada for sample preparation and analysis. QA/QC sampling consisted of the regular insertion of blanks, reject duplicates, and Certified Reference Standards within each 20 sample batch.
Sample Analysis
Core samples were crushed to better than 70% -2 mm and a 1 kg split was pulverized to better than 85% passing 75μm. All samples were analyzed using SRC procedure code ICP1 using total and partial digestions and ICP analysis. SRC uses Internal QA/QC procedures to monitor the accuracy and precision of their work.
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Estimation Methodology
Estimation was conducted in Micromine software with parent cell dimensions of 1 m across strike, 25 m along strike and 5 m vertically to account for the vertically dipping narrow mineralization geometry and the sparse data availability nominally around 110 m vertically between intercepts and 100 m horizontally along strike. Sub-celling was used along the deposit margins to honor the interpreted wireframes. Deposit orientations were measured manually on screen and assigned within the estimation parameters.
Samples were composited to 1 m length weighted intervals with any residual added to the end of the intersection. No high grade cuts were deemed necessary due to the lack of any significant outliers although a 0.5% Li2O grade was used as a minimum basis for interpretation.
Li2O was estimated using an orientated inverse distance squared method along with discretization of 2x2x2 to avoid overly localized estimates. The model was interpolated with a single mineralization domain but conducted systematically due to minor variation in structural orientations within the dyke. The primary search ellipse radius used 120 m along strike, 2 m across strike and 120 m vertically oriented to the azimuth, dip and plunge of the respective structural orientations identified. A secondary search of 240 m x 8 m x 240 m was used to fill any remaining empty cells after the primary search.
A density factor of 2.75t/m3 was used for reporting of tonnes based on documented averages for pegmatite globally and a recent resource report from FAR Resources for their Zoro Lithium project located approximately 3km west of the TBL property.
Both statistical and visual validation methods were conducted prior to final reporting.
Cut-off Grades
CIM Definition Standards for a Mineral Resource as a “concentration or occurrence of solid material of economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality that there are reasonable prospect for eventual economic extraction.” In our case, a cut-off grade of 0.3% Li2O was used for resource reporting. This 0.3% Li2O cut-off grade was used to measure our resources as, according to our S-K 1300 Report, that is a reasonable grade necessary to cover estimated production costs in accordance with the following criteria (in US dollars):
| 6% Li2O Concentrate Price | $600 / per tonne | |||
| Mining Cost/ton | $ | 20 | ||
| Extraction Recovery | 80 | % | ||
| Processing Cost/tonne | $32 – to 6% Li2O | |||
| Concentrate Haulage/ton | $ | 88 |
Classification
The resource is classified entirely as a combination of indicated and inferred in accordance with the S-K 1300 when taking into consideration, data density, deposit geometry, likely extensions and possible interpretation alternatives.
Other Modifying Factors
A preliminary metallurgical test was conducted to determine possible concentrate grade recoverable from the Thompson Bros deposit. The test returned a concentrate grade of 6.37% Li2O from a composite sample of 1.4% Li2O indicating the potential to make a commercial product from the Thompson Bros pegmatite. No engineering studies have been conducted however, given the sub vertical nature of the deposit, underground mining is anticipated to be the method of extraction.
Location and Description of TBL Property
The TBL property is located in north central Manitoba, approximately 20 km (12.4 miles)_east of the mining community of Snow Lake.
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The TBL property measures approximately 15 km by 6 km, comprises 38 contiguous mineral claims covering 5,596 hectares (approximately 13,828 acres) and straddles Crowduck Bay at the northeastern end of Lake Wekusko. The property is centered on UTM coordinates 455,000 E 6,080,000 N (NAD83, Zone 14) and lies within the National Topographic System map sheet 63JSE13. The property includes 2 blocks of claims which we own. The map below shows an outline of our claims area as well as a proposed pipeline route to the nearest rail road junction.
Snow Lake is located some 684 km north of Winnipeg, a 7-hour (700 km) drive on well maintained, paved roadways. Daily flights are available from Winnipeg to both Flin Flon and Thompson. Flin Flon is a 2 hour (200 km) drive west on paved highway to Snow Lake. Thompson is a 2.5 hour (260 km) drive northeast from Snow Lake on paved highway.
The TBL property is located in the Churchill geological province at the eastern end of the Flin Flon Belt. The Flin Flon Belt (1.92-1.88 Ga) is one of the largest Proterozoic volcanic-hosted massive sulphide districts in the world. The east-trending Flin Flon Volcanic Belt (230 X 50 km) is interpreted to be remnant of a Paleoproterozoic orogenic mountain belt which developed as new ocean basin and arc crust interacted with Archean rocks of the Hearne and Superior cratonnes along complex convergent plate boundaries.
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The TBL property is bisected by the regional Crowduck Bay Fault. The rocks on the eastern side of this fault consist of folded Missi Group sandstones (greywackes) and conglomerates, part of the Eastern Missi Block. To the west, across the fault, the property is underlain by plutonic rocks intruding turbidites of the Burntwood Group, part of the Wekusko Lake Block.
There are two main clusters of spodumene-bearing pegmatite dykes on the property known as the Thompson Brothers and Sherritt Gordon lithium pegmatites. These dyke clusters occur on either side of the Crowduck Bay Fault. The dykes are all tabular in form, but each cluster has a distinct orientation. Additional north-northeast trending pegmatite dykes have been mapped along the Crowduck Bay Fault corridor towards the north.
Thompson Brothers Lithium Pegmatites
The Thompson Brothers dykes are located on the east shore of Grass River linking Wekusko Lake with Crowduck Bay. Here, three mineralized dykes, the TB-1, 2 and 3, intrude Missi Group pebble to cobble conglomerates and greywackes. The Thompson Brothers dykes were drilled by Thompson Brothers in 2017 and 2018.
Dyke TB-1 strikes 040° and dips about 85o SE. The dyke ranges from 2.9 m to 15.4 m in true thickness, but averages 7.7 m. The dyke has been traced by drilling for 630 m along strike. Dyke TB-1 has two drill intercepts at a vertical depth of about 350 m. The mineralized dyke remains open to depth and along strike. Dyke TB-2 occurs to the north of TB-1 has been traced for about 400 m along strike. Based on limited drilling, dyke TB-2 is up to 2.8 m thick and its orientation is interpreted to be sub-parallel to dyke TB-1. Dyke TB-2 could represent the faulted northern extension of dyke TB-1 or an en-echelon, dilational structure. Dyke TB-2 remains open along strike to the north and to depth. Dyke TB-3 is located about 250 m to the northwest of dykes TB-1 and 2. TB-3 has been traced for about 150 m along strike. The TB-3 pegmatite is up to 2.0 m thick, strikes 040° and dips about 080° towards the northwest. In general, the Thompson Brothers dykes appear concordant with the northeast-trending foliation and strata.
Sherritt Gordon Lithium Pegmatites
On April 10, 2018, we announced the discovery of a second pegmatite cluster on the TBL property. As part of our compilation of historical data, our consulting geologists discovered details on a cluster of spodumene-bearing pegmatite dykes located about 2 km southwest of the recently drilled Thompson Brothers pegmatite. This cluster, known as the Sherritt Gordon pegmatites, intrudes the outermost quartz diorite phase of the Rex Lake Pluton and was traced about 600 m along strike by Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited in the 1940s. Dyke SG-1 ranges from 1.5 to 5 m in width and dips 80o to the southwest. Dyke SG-2 is thinner and located about 70 m to the northeast of SG-1 and dips 50o – 70o southwest.
The Sherritt Gordon, or SG, dykes intrude the outermost quart diorite phase of the compositional zoned Rex Lake Pluton on the west side of the Grassy River narrows. Both dykes display some pinch and swell structures along strike, as well as slight changes in strike. Dyke SG-1 has been traced for about 500 meters, striking 1200 and dipping 800 to the southwest. Dyke SG-1 ranges from 10 cm to 5 meters in width and splits into 3 thinner subparallel dykes at its southeastern end. Dyke SG-2 has been traced for almost 400 m, striking parallel to SG-1 at about 70 m towards the east. The dyke dips 500-700 to the southwest and its width varies between 1.5 cm and 4 meters. The SG-1 pegmatite has been drill tested to a depth of 50 meters and remains open. If both dykes continue to depth, they could merge or intersect at a depth of about 160 meters.
A third outcropping pegmatite dyke (Grassy River pegmatite) is located about 150 meters south of the SG dykes. Here, three spodumene bearing outcrops have been mapped more than a 150 m strike length, trending east.
History of TBL Property and Exploration Status
No records documenting the original discovery of lithium enriched pegmatite dykes on the TBL property have been located. Since the early 1940s various portions of the current TBL property have been explored by several companies. Certain target areas on the TBL property have been known as the “Sherritt Gordon Property,” the “Violet Property” and the “Strider Lithium Property.” The TBL property has recently been renamed to acknowledge the contribution of the Thompson brothers who worked the TBL property early in its history.
The highlights of the exploration history are summarized as follows:
In 1942, Sherritt Gordon Mines drilled and cored 20 holes (632 meters), testing one of 2 spodumene bearing pegmatite dykes on the east side of the narrows linking Wekusko Lake to Crowduck Bay. These dykes were originally staked in 1931 by Peer Kobar.
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In 1956, Combined Developments Ltd. explored parts of the property. The area was prospected, mapped and 26 cored drill holes were completed on the TB-1 pegmatite (2,356 meters).
From 1976 until 1987, the Thompson brothers explored part of the property. They completed several trenches and sampling. In 1978, they cored their first drill hole to a depth of 28.2 meters in 1979, hole #1 was deepened to 58.6 meters. In 1981, the Thompson brothers cored their second drill hole. Hole #2 was drilled to a depth of 61 meters.
In 1989, Lakefield Research metallurgical test work produced a spodumene concentrate from a sample taken from a trench on claim ADD 13. The assay head grade of the rock sample was 2.93% Li2O. The resulting concentrate was 5.19% Li2O.
In 1995, minor trenching and sampling of the TB-1 dyke was completed by Strider Resources. In 1996, a 1,600-meter by 400-meter grid was cut by Strider Resources with lines spaced at 50 meter intervals. In 1997, a three-hole drill program, totaling 930 meters, was completed.
In April 2016, Ashburton Ventures (now known as Progressive Planet Solutions Inc.) optioned the TBL property, at that time consisting of the 20 Block A claims, from Strider Resources and entered into an option financing agreement with Thompson Bros (then known as Manitoba Minerals PTY Ltd.), at that time Nova Minerals’s wholly-owned subsidiary. Through financing provided by MMPL, parts of the property were prospected, and an attempt was made to locate the historical drill holes. Nine surface samples of pegmatite were assayed. In the fall of 2016, a modest program of prospecting and soil sampling was completed. In the winter of 2017, five drill holes targeting the TB-1 pegmatite totaling 1,007 meters were cored.
In March and April 2018, Snow Lake Crowduck staked an additional 18 (Block B) mineral claims (3,319 hectares, approximately 8,201.43 acres) contiguous with the original TBL property (20 claims, 2,277 hectares, approximately 5626.59 acres).
During the winter of 2018, Thompson Bros (then MMPL) cored 19 drill holes totaling 3,798 meters focusing on the Block A, Thompson brothers pegmatite cluster. Drill sections and plans were prepared, and interpretations of the geology and mineralization were completed. A project data base was created and a model for the deposit has been developed.
In July 2021, we completed an S-K 1300 compliant resource estimate of an Indicated Resource of 9,082,600 tonnes of lithium bearing ore grading 1.00% Li2O, for 91,200 Li2O tonnes, and an Inferred Resource of 1,967,900 tonnes of lithium bearing ore grading 0.98% Li2O, for 19,300 Li2O tonnes. This S-K 1300 Report was prepared by Canmine Consultants and Nuterra Geoscience, each of whom served as Qualified Persons as that term is defined in S-K 1300. This estimate was prepared taking into consideration data density, deposit geometry, likely extensions and interpretive alternatives. A density factor of 2.70 t/m3 was used. Surpac version 6.4.1 was the software used to create the geological model and to estimate the resources. As indicated elsewhere in this prospectus, assuming we raise the necessary funds in this offering, we intend to proceed with a two-phase exploration program on the TBL property including the completion of a PEA.
Historical Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing
The Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC) completed a preliminary metallurgical testing program on the Thompson Brother Lithium Project (Xia, L. and Adeoye, A., 2018). The primary objective of this preliminary testing program was to produce a spodumene concentrate with +6.0 % Li2O.
Test work was completed on a 55 kg composite sample of 67 individual assay reject samples crushed to -2.0 mm (10 mesh) received from SRC Geoanalytical Laboratories. All of the 67 individual assay rejects were combined and homogenized to create a composite feed sample. A head assay sample was taken from the homogenized composite sample for ICP analysis. The ICP analysis OLD indicated that the composite graded 1.43% Li2O.
The composite sample was ground to 100% passing 300 μm before being classified into two fractions: coarse fraction (53-300 μm) and fine fraction (-53 μm). Before flotation, de-sliming and magnetic separation were performed to minimize the interference of ultra fines (-38 μm) and magnetic (iron) materials on the flotation.
Preliminary flotation tests indicated that a spodumene concentrate with +6.0 % Li2O could be readily produced from the samples provided. The flotation process included one stage mica flotation, one stage spodumene rougher flotation, and five stages of cleaner flotations. H2SO4 was used to adjust the flotation pH in mica flotation. ArmacHT was used as the mica collector. Oleic acid was used as the spodumene collector. Vanofroth was used as the frother in all flotations. The reagent conditioning and dosages were not optimized.
Good spodumene concentrate can be produced from both coarse fraction (53-300 μm) and fine fraction (38-53 μm). A 43.3 % coarse recovery and a 22.9 % fine flotation recovery were achieved with concentrate grade of 6.35 % Li2O and 6.37% Li2O, respectively. A total 1905.5 g coarse spodumene concentrate with 6.35 % Li2O and 377.9 g fine spodumene concentrate with 6.37 % Li2O were produced. Mass balance and flotation optimization were not considered.
Xia and Adeoye recommend a second stage of test work including:
| ● | Detailed mineralogy analysis including mineral association, liberation, grain size, etc.; |
| ● | Comminution test to determine crushing index and mill work index; |
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| ● | Pre-concentration test to increase the feed grade such as sorting, gravity separation and magnetic separation; |
| ● | Flotation tests to determine the optimal reagent scheme and to maximize the Li2O recovery; |
| ● | Locked cycle flotation tests to validate the flotation performance and to establish mass balance; and, |
| ● | Further hydrometallurgical testing to produce better grade Li2CO3. |
Currently, more advanced metallurgical testing is being conducted. We cannot be sure, however, when new test results will be available or what they will show.
Ownership of the TBL Property
The TBL property comprises 38 contiguous mineral claims, covering 5,596 hectares (approximately 13,828 acres), which have been grouped as Block A and Block B based on historical ownership and development.
Below is a list of the claim names, numbers, areas ownership and expiry dates. All claims are registered with the Manitoba Mineral Resources Division (Formerly the Mines Branch) which, as of October 23, 2019, is a division of the Manitoba Department of Agriculture and Resource Development (ARD). Property surface rights are held by the Crown.
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Block A comprises 20 contiguous mineral claims, covering 2,277 hectares (approximately 5626.59 acres) and is 100 % owned by our wholly-owned subsidiary Snow Lake Crowduck.
| Map # | Claim Name | Claim # | Area (ha) | Registered Holder | Map Sheet | Recorded | Expires |
| A1 | ADD 13 | P2818F | 16 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 1994-09-07 | 2030-11-29 |
| A2 | ADD 1052 | MB1052 | 235 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2001-07-03 | 2030-09-18 |
| A3 | ADD 1053 | MB1053 | 83 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2001-07-03 | 2030-09-18 |
| A4 | ADD 3033 | P3033F | 32 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 1995-03-28 | 2030-06-20 |
| A5 | ADD 3035 | P3035F | 53 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 1995-03-28 | 2030-06-20 |
| A6 | ADD 3203 | P3203F | 82 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 1995-08-18 | 2030-11-10 |
| A7 | ADD 49853 | W49853 | 32 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 1996-03-24 | 2030-06-21 |
| A8 | ADD 6301 | MB6301 | 110 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2006-02-25 | 2030-05-23 |
| A9 | ADD 6303 | MB6303 | 180 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2008-02-23 | 2030-05-16 |
| A10 | ADD 6305 | MB6305 | 224 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13NE | 2009-02-08 | 2030-04-11 |
| A11 | THOMPSON # 2 | P7463B | 21 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 1964-11-04 | 2030-01-04 |
| A12 | THOMPSON #3 | P7464B | 21 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 1964-11-04 | 2030-01-04 |
| A13 | THOMPSON # 6 | W47380 | 16 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 1982-06-18 | 2030-09-06 |
| A14 | THOMPSON # 7 | W47378 | 16 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 1982-06-18 | 2030-09-06 |
| A15 | CRO 5735 | MB5735 | 216 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2010-01-18 | 2030-04-11 |
| A16 | CRO 5736 | MB5736 | 202 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2010-01-13 | 2030-04-11 |
| A17 | CRO 5737 | MB5737 | 250 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2010-01-14 | 2030-04-11 |
| A18 | ADD 9830 | MB9830 | 40 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13NE | 2018-03-06 | 2030-05-05 |
| A19 | BAZ-12130 | MR12130 | 192 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13NE | 2017-12-05 | 2030-02-03 |
| A20 | BAZ-12132 | MR12132 | 256 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13NE | 2017-12-05 | 2031-02-03 |
Block B comprises 18 contiguous mineral claims, covering 3,319 hectares and is 100% owned by Snow Lake Crowduck. These claims were staked in March and April of 2018 to cover several pegmatite dyke occurrences to the west and north of the original Block A claim group.
| Map # | Claim Name | Claim # | Area (ha) | Registered Holder | Map Sheet | Recorded | Expires |
| B1 | TBL 001 | MB13493 | 256 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-01 | 2023-06-05 |
| B2 | TBL 002 | MB13494 | 243 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-01 | 2023-06-05 |
| B3 | TBL 003 | MB13495 | 78 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-05 | 2023-06-05 |
| B4 | TBL 004 | MB13496 | 151 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-05 | 2023-06-05 |
| B5 | TBL 005 | MB13497 | 67 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-01 | 2023-06-05 |
| B6 | TBL 006 | MB13498 | 230 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-02 | 2023-06-05 |
| B7 | TBL 007 | MB13499 | 185 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-05 | 2023-06-05 |
| B8 | TBL 008 | MB13500 | 78 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-03-30 | 2023-06-05 |
| B9 | TBL 009 | MB13501 | 206 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-02 | 2023-06-05 |
| B10 | TBL 010 | MB13502 | 173 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-03-30 | 2023-06-05 |
| B11 | TBL 011 | MB13503 | 72 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-03-30 | 2023-06-05 |
| B12 | TBL 012 | MB13504 | 250 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-03 | 2023-06-05 |
| B13 | TBL 013 | MB13505 | 237 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-05 | 2023-06-05 |
| B14 | TBL 014 | MB13506 | 121 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-03-30 | 2023-06-05 |
| B15 | TBL 015 | MB13507 | 256 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-04 | 2023-06-05 |
| B16 | TBL 016 | MB13508 | 220 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-03 | 2023-06-05 |
| B17 | TBL 017 | MB13509 | 240 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-03 | 2023-06-05 |
| B18 | TBL 018 | MB13510 | 256 | Snow Lake Crowduck | 63J13SE | 2018-04-04 | 2023-06-05 |
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Permitting in Manitoba
All mineral claims in good standing on Crown land in Manitoba are entitled to be explored without any permitting, except as indicated below. All mineral exploration programs in Manitoba require work permits for timber removal, shoreland alteration and road construction that are issued annually by the provincial Department of Conservation and Climate. For more intrusive explorations, such as line cutting (using chain saws), overburden stripping, blasting and/or diamond drilling, a work permit granted under Section 7(1)(c) of The Crown Lands Act or Section 23 (1) of The Wildfires Act, Province of Manitoba would be required. Permits address conditions for exploration that must be adhered to in a given work area based on the planned exploration activities.
The type and duration of the camp infrastructure required for exploration also dictates the type of permit required in Manitoba. Temporary camps established for less than one year are covered by a work permit, whereas a separate permit issued by the Manitoba Department of Labor - Fire Commissioners Office is required for exploration camps on Crown land established for periods longer than one year.
For advance exploration and exploitation (aka mining) we will need to engage in consultations with government officials to determine our permit requirements. The permitting process will be covered in the scope of our PEA.
Thompson Bros obtained the permits required to complete the 2018 exploration drilling program. There are no current environmental liabilities with respect to historical exploration and the 2018 drilling program was completed in accordance with industry best practices.
Currently, because we are not engaged in any active exploration programs, we do not need any exploration or exploitation permits from the Manitoba government.
Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography
Climate
The Snow Lake region is marked by short, cool summers and long, cold winters. The region has a sub-humid high boreal climate.
The mean summer temperature is 12.5°C (54.5°F ) and the mean winter temperature is -18.5°C (-1.3°F ). The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 17.0°C. January is the coldest month, averaging -23.3°C. The mean annual temperature is approximately -2.5°C. The area is generally clear of snow cover between the beginning of June and the end of September.
The mean annual precipitation is about 450 mm, 35% as snow. The least amount of precipitation occurs in February, averaging 16 mm. The most rainfall occurs in July, averaging 74 mm. Average monthly winds for the area range from 10 km/hr to 13 km/hr, with 40% of the winds originating from the NW, NE or N. Exploration activities can be carried out all year around.
Local vegetation consists of closed stands of black spruce and jack pine, with lesser aspen, white birch, white spruce and balsam fir. Permafrost may occur locally in organic deposits. Wildlife includes moose, black bear, lynx, wolf, barren-ground caribou, beaver, muskrat, snowshoe hare and red-backed vole. Bird species include raven, common loon, spruce grouse, bald eagle, grey jay, hawk owl and waterfowl, including ducks and geese.
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Local Resources
Snow Lake is the closest community to the property. Snow Lake had a permanent resident population of 899 in 2016 and has 498 private dwellings. There are two small residential subdivisions located on Wekusko Lake along Highway 392, as well as cottages at Herb Lake and Cotes Landings. There are also a small number of seasonal remote cabins located on Wekusko Lake. The Wekusko Falls Provincial Park (88 ha) is located on the east side of Wekusko Lake and offers camping. The Wekusko Falls Lodge provides accommodations and meals.
Snow Lake is an established mining community and has the infrastructure in place to support exploration and mining operations in the region. Services include a health facility staffed with two doctors, an ambulance, a fire truck, a 3-person RCMP detachment, an RBC bank branch, grocery and hardware stores, two hotels/motels, three service stations, a kindergarten to grade 12 school, a hockey arena, a five-sheet curling rink and a nine-hole golf course. A small-craft charter service operates out of the community of Snow Lake, where small planes and helicopters can be chartered. There is a 1,100 m by 20 m municipal gravel airstrip located approximately 8.5 km northwest of the TBL property. The nearest rail access is at the Wekusko siding, approximately 65 km southeast of the TBL property.
The nearest larger population centres include Flin Flon (208 km) and Thompson (260 km), both accessible by paved highway. Flin Flon, with a population of 7,000, is a nearby provincial regional government centre and a major service and supply centre for the region. The nearest full-service commercial airport is located at Baker’s Narrows, near Flin Flon. The nearest international airport is located in Winnipeg.
The Snow Lake region has a history of virtually continuous production from a series of base and precious metal mines since 1949. Hudbay Minerals Inc., or Hudbay, currently operates the Lalor gold mine, located about 8 km west of Snow Lake. Hudbay also operates a 2,700 tonne per day zinc and copper concentrator in Snow Lake.
Infrastructure
Gridding, trenching, stripping and road building in the target areas on the TBL property, we expect, should be easily accomplished. Ample water is available for drilling purposes.
There are no permanent or temporary structures on the TBL property, and we have not established any exploration infrastructure on the property.
The area of the TBL property is sufficiently large to host a mining operation. A power line traverses the southern extremity of the property. The valley located directly east of the property could serve as a potential tailing storage area. Winter access roads to the property can be used for hauling purposes.
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Physiography
The TBL property is located along the southern edge of the Precambrian Shield within the Wekusko Eco-district, Churchill River Upland Eco-region, Boreal Shield Eco-zone.
The property straddles Crowduck Bay at the northeastern end of Lake Wekusko. Wekusko Lake is a large, shallow body of water covering an area of approximately 25 km long by 3 to 10 km wide. Crowduck Bay is part of a long (12 km) narrow channel leading to the Grass River that continues towards the northeast. Most of the shoreline of Crowduck Bay is flanked by steep, 15 to 20 m slopes. The lake elevation is approximately 257.5 m above sea level and the highest topographical point on the Property is approximately 305 m above sea level. Most ridges and low-lying areas trend towards the northeast.
The dominant soils are well to excessively drained dystic brunisols that have developed on shallow, sandy and stony veneers of water-worked glacial till overlying bedrock. Significant areas consist of peat-filled depressions with very poorly drained Typic and Terric Fibrisolic and Mesisolic Organic soils overlying loamy to clayey glaciolacustrine sediments.
Geological Setting and Mineralization
Regional Geological Setting
The TBL property is located in the Churchill geological province at the eastern end of the Flin Flon Belt. The Flin Flon Belt (1.92-1.88 Ga) is one of the largest Proterozoic volcanic-hosted massive sulphide districts in the world. More than 118.7 Mt have been mined from 25 distinct deposits and a further 64.3 Mt are contained in 43 sub-economic or pre-production deposits.
The east-trending Flin Flon Volcanic Belt (230 X 50 km) is interpreted to be remnant of a Paleoproterozoic orogenic mountain belt, which developed as new ocean basin and arc crust interacted with Archean rocks of the Hearne and Superior cratonnes along complex convergent plate boundaries. To the north of the Flin Flon belt lies the east-trending Kisseynew Sedimentary Gneiss Belt. Located to the south of the Flin Flon belt are the flat-lying Paleozoic rocks of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.
Local Geological Setting and Lithium Mineralization
The bedrock geology to the east of Wekusko Lake consists of several fault-bounded blocks of juvenile ocean floor, arc related volcanic rocks and fluvial–alluvial and turbiditic sedimentary rocks. The Western Missi Block is bounded by the Crowduck Bay fault to the east and the Herb Lake Fault the west and the strata are folded into a tight syncline. The Missi Group rocks (1.85-1.83 Ga), are dominantly sedimentary, but do contain rare, thin units of interbedded felsic volcanic rocks. The sedimentary rocks consist of polymictic conglomerates, greywackes and sandstones interpreted to have been deposited in an alluvial-fluvial environment. Across the Herb Lake Fault towards the southeast, the Herb Lake Block consists of a folded sequence of mafic to felsic volcanic rocks. Basalts dominate in the core of the fold, with basaltic andesites and andesites becoming more prevalent as the contact with the felsic volcanic rocks is approached. The Herb Lake Volcanic Assemblage is intruded by quartz porphyritic granites, which are themselves cut by the faults bounding the Herb Lake Block. To the northeast, the North Roberts Lake Block is characterized by mafic volcanic rocks (1.92-1.87) interpreted as ocean floor. Towards the west, across the Crowduck Bay Fault, the Central Wekusko Block consists of sedimentary strata dominated by turbidites of the Burntwood Group (1.85-1.84 Ga) and intruded by plutonic rocks.
To the east of Wekusko Lake there are three main clusters of spodumene-bearing pegmatite dykes known as the Thompson Brothers, Sherritt Gordon and Zoro pegmatites. The Thompson Brothers and Sherritt Gordon pegmatites both occur on the TBL property. The Zoro pegmatites are located about 5 km east of the TBL property and are not part of the property. The Zoro property is being explored by Far Resources Ltd. Commonalities in mineralogy, textures and form exist between all 3 dyke clusters; however, they each occur in separate fault bounded crustal blocks, intrude different host lithologies and have different orientations. All 3 dyke clusters are interpreted to have been emplaced into fracture systems during the latest regional D5 structural event recognized in the area.
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Property Geology and Lithium Mineralization
The TBL property is bisected by the regional Crowduck Bay Fault. The rocks on the eastern side of this fault consist of folded Missi Group sandstones (greywackes) and conglomerates, part of the Eastern Missi Block. To the west, across the fault, the Property is underlain by plutonic rocks intruding turbidites of the Burntwood Group, part of the Wekusko Lake Block.
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The Thompson Brothers and Sherritt Gordon spodumene bearing, lithium-enriched pegmatite dyke clusters occur on either side of the Crowduck Bay Fault. The dykes are all tabular in form, but each cluster has a distinct orientation. Additional north-northeasterly trending pegmatite dykes have been mapped along the Crowduck Bay fault corridor towards the north.
Mineralogy
No detailed mineralogical studies have been completed by us. Cerny et al., (1980) reports that the mineralogy of the Thompson Brothers and Sherritt Gordon pegmatite clusters are similar and composed of spodumene, quartz, microcline, with lesser muscovite, biotite, garnet, beryl and apatite. Modal spodumene abundance ranges between 10 and 20% and commonly occurs as large, well formed, columnar crystals raging between 1 and 35 cm in length. The spodumene crystals are commonly in planar alignment and may be oriented obliquely to the dyke contacts. These textures have been interpreted to be the result of continuous crystallization in slowly opening fractures.
Thompson Brothers (TB) Dykes
The TBL property spodumene-bearing dykes are located on the east shore of Grass River linking Wekusko lake with Crowduck Bay. Here, three mineralized dykes, the TB-1, 2 and 3, intrude Missi Group pebble to cobble conglomerates and greywackes. The Thompson Bros spodumene-bearing lithium rich dykes were drilled by Thompson Bros (formerly MMPL)/Nova Minerals in 2017 and 2018.
Pegmatite TB-1 is illustrated in plan, longitudinal section and cross-section. The TB-1 dyke has been intersected by 24 recent drill holes. Dyke TB-1 strikes 040° and dips about 85o SE. The dyke ranges from 2.9 m to 15.4 m in true thickness, but averages 7.7 m. The dyke has been traced by drilling for 630 m along strike. Dyke TB-1 has two drill intercepts at a vertical depth of about 350 m. The mineralized dyke remains open to depth and along strike to the north and south. The Li2O grades are typically consistent across the width of the dyke; however, locally, the chilled margins of the dyke fall below the cut-off grade of 0.30 % Li2O.
Dyke TB-2 occurs to the north of TB-1 has been traced for about 400 m along strike. This dyke has not been located in surface outcrops. Based on limited drilling, dyke TB-2 is up to 2.8 m thick and its orientation is interpreted to be sub-parallel to dyke TB-1. Dyke TB-3 is located about 250 m to the northwest of dykes TB-1 and 2. TB-3 has been traced for about 150 m along strike. The TB-3 pegmatite is up to 2.0 m thick, strikes 040° and dips about 080° towards the northwest.
All the TBL property dykes are sub-parallel to the northeast-trending foliation and strata in general. Dyke TB-2 could represent the faulted northern extension of dyke TB-1 or an en-echelon, dilational structure. Dyke TB-2 remains open along strike to the north and to depth.
Anomalous concentrations of Ba, Be, Ce, Cu, Nb, Nd, Sn, and Ta are locally present in the chilled marginal phase of the TB-1 pegmatite.
Bannatyne (1985) noted 2 additional spodumene bearing pegmatites about 500 m south of the TBL-1. Both dykes are exposed along the steep east shore of Grass River Narrows. These dykes have not been mapped or sampled to date.
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Sherritt Gordon (SG) Dykes
The Sherritt Gordon dykes intrude the outermost quart diorite phase of the compositional zoned Rex Lake Pluton on the west side of the Grassy River narrows. Both dykes display some pinch and swell structures along strike, as well as slight changes in strike.
Dyke SG-1 has been traced for about 500 m, striking 1200 and dipping 800 SW. Dyke SG-1 ranges from 10 cm to 5 m in width and splits into 3 thinner subparallel dykes at its southeastern end. Dyke SG-1 is asymmetric, with the grain size increasing to the hanging-wall contact, and some accumulation of the spodumene, quartz and blocky K-feldspar along this contact.
Dyke SG-2 has been traced for almost 400 m, striking parallel to SG-1 at about 70 m towards the east. The dyke dips 500-700 SW and its width ranges between 1.5 cm and 4 m. Dyke SG-2 seems to be homogeneous in mineral distribution, and it shows only some coarsening of grain size inwards.
In 1942, the SG-1 pegmatite was drill tested by Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited (now known as Sherritt Inc.). Some 21 shallow drill holes were cored (632 m). Rather than reporting assays for lithium, results in the historical drill logs are reported in “Gravitational Determination Percent Spodumene” which are qualitative in nature and should not be relied upon. The historical drilling results yielded average estimated spodumene contents ranging from 7.22 – 31.9% over widths ranging from 1.52 - 5.79 m. One 2018 reconnaissance grab sample from the SG-1 dyke graded 2.15 % Li2O. The SG-1 pegmatite was drill tested to a depth of 50 m and remains open to depth.
The Sherritt Gordon pegmatites are interpreted to have intruded sub-parallel late stage, en-echelon fractures that were subsequently deformed and locally displaced. If both dykes continue to depth, they could merge or intersect at a depth of about 160 m.
A third outcropping pegmatite dyke was discovered in during field reconnaissance in 2018. The Grassy River pegmatite is located about 150 m south of the Sherritt Gordon dykes. Here, three spodumene bearing outcrops were mapped over a 150 m strike length, trending east. One grab sample from the Grassy River dyke graded 3.78 % Li2O.
An additional spodumene bearing pegmatite dyke is located about 1.5 km to the south of the Sherritt Gordon occurrence. This dyke occurs about 1 km south of our claim boundary and is not part of the TBL property.
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Exploration Plan for TBL Property
We are planning to engage in a two-phase exploration program that will include resource definition drilling of the TB-1 pegmatite as well as exploration drilling of the SG pegmatite cluster targets. The details of our proposed exploration program are as follows
Phase 1
As part of our planned phase 1 program, we intend to complete a stripping, mapping and sampling program on the SG pegmatite cluster in preparation for a phase 2 drilling program. Our preliminary cost estimate to complete phase 1 is C$250,000 (approximately US$183,634).
Phase 2
We are also planning a phase 2, 10,400 m drilling program is recommended to expand the dimensions of the TB-1 pegmatite and define the deposit in more detail. We expect that an estimated nine holes (3,150 m) of core drilling would be required to complete further definition drilling on the core of the deposit using 100 m hole spacings. An additional seven holes (4,000 m) would be required to expand the drill coverage on the TB-1 pegmatite to a vertical depth of 500 m over a targeted strike length of 1,200 m utilizing 200 m hole spacings. Where the TB-1 pegmatite outcrops at surface, nine large diameter, shallow holes (50 m) would be drilled at 50 m centres. The SG-1 and SG-2 pegmatites would be stripped and sampled where possible. An estimated 24 holes (2,800 m) would be allocated for initial testing of the SG pegmatites. We would also begin developing an initial permitting plan and conduct additional metallurgical test work. We would complete a new resource estimate in accordance with S-K 1300 as well as a PEA report for the project.
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We also intend to continue to prospect the TBL property, focusing on the Crowduck Bay Fault corridor, lithologic contacts and the nose of the synclinal fold structure to the north. We plan to sample the various outcrops of spodumene bearing pegmatite dykes in that area and to strip, map and sample targets yielding anomalous Li2O concentrations. Our current, preliminary cost estimate to complete phase 2 is C$3,000,000 (approximately US$2,203,614).
We intend to proceed with our two-phase exploration program subject to raising sufficient funds in this offering. We can provide no assurance at this time. however, that we will be successful in obtaining the required funds to undertake this exploration program in whole or in part.
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe that the following competitive strengths contribute to our success and differentiate us from our competitors:
| ● | Our initial metallurgical test work has yielded a spodumene concentrate grading 6.37% Li2O. Initial metallurgical test work demonstrates the TBL property can produce a concentrate material of 6.37% Li2O using standard metallurgical laboratory test techniques. Spodumene concentrates were achieved with concentrate grade of 6.37% Li2O, indicating the likelihood that industry relevant amounts of concentrate can be produced. We expect that if these inferred numbers are confirmed as probable or proven resources, a fully functioning lithium mine could provide 8 to10 years of producing 160k tonnes per annum of 6% lithium ore concentrate. |
| ● | Our TBL property is large and, we believe, is host to valuable lithium resources. Our TBL property comprises 5,596 hectares (approximately 13,828 acres) and is host to the TB-1 spodumene bearing, lithium-enriched pegmatite dykes and other targets that could potentially contribute to a future lithium resource. Our TBL property hosts several identified spodumene pegmatite dykes with high-grade lithium found to date. With only 5% of the TBL property explored, we believe that there are many additional lithium bearing pegmatites on the YBL property yet to be explored. |
| ● | Historic flotation tests indicate that a spodumene concentrate with +6.0% Li2O may be readily produced from the deposit. We announced in 2018 outstanding new high-grade drill results at the TBL property, with release of the complete data set from the recent phase of drilling. The results confirm a high-grade and consistent lithium bearing pegmatite dyke in the TBL property that appears open at depth and along strike at both ends. Additional dykes were also identified and require further follow up expected as part of the next field program as weather conditions permit. |
| ● | No significant technical challenges related to exploration and development of the deposits have been identified. We expect, although we cannot guarantee, that our drill hole database for holes TBL 1 – 28 and their interpretation will be used to support the planning of future drilling programs. No significant technical challenges related to exploration and development of these deposits have been identified to date |
| ● | We are strategically located in the North American market. Our TBL property is located in proximity to major downstream lithium processing facilities as well as to major US battery customers including General Motors, BMW, Nissan, Mercedes and Tesla automobile manufactures. With Snow Lake’s access to the Hudson Bay railway just 30 km from the TBL property, our project is strategically located close to the CN rail lines to deliver lithium product to the entire Auto Alley market. |
| ● | Experienced management team. We believe that our management team’s experience, knowledge and vision in the mining industry will enable us to achieve growth. Our management team consists of a finance expert holding senior positions in both listed and private entities across a diverse range of investment disciplines, a mining engineering technician who has worked in the mineral exploration industry for more than 20 years with many years of experience in construction and project management in the mining industry. |
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Our Growth Strategies
We have developed a strategic plan for further exploration and development of the project that includes the following milestones:
| ● | Complete Preliminary Economic Assessment study. We have commenced a PEA on the TBL property. This represents the next step in the process of moving from exploration towards the potential to establish commercial operations. The PEA will then be expanded into a preliminary feasibility study which will be used to seek funding for the development of the TBL project. The studies will review the test work, process design, vendor furnished equipment packages and preliminary design in addition to cost estimates for the development of a commercial spodumene floatation plant. |
| ● | Complete next stage of resource exploration drilling leading to resource upgrade to the Measured from Indicated level and the discovery of new mineralization resources. Our principal short term objective is to implement our Phase 1 exploration program. We also intend to continue drilling to provide sufficient data to be able to upgrade our indicated resources to measured resources, to add additional tonnage through further walk up drilling and to explore for extensions to the existing mineral resources and other potential mineralization within the TBL property. |
Marketing and Advertising
We intend to sell the lithium hydroxide that we expect to produce to electric vehicle manufacturers and stationary battery storage partners. This is in line with the wider industry requirements for battery-grade lithium chemicals, where users typically require long-term supply contracts. It is our belief that the customer will drive the need for near net zero production of lithium in the near future. We therefore feel our company is perfectly situated in the province of Mantoba that generates 96% of its energy from Hydroelectric, and 3% from wind. This provides Snow Lake an opportunity to have a near net zero production facility which could demand a premium to other dirtier producers.
Our Customers
Major OEM battery manufacturers as well as Electric Vehicle Manufacturers would be the primary US battery customers. These include General Motors, BMW, Nissan, Mercedes, Jaguar and Tesla automobile manufactures among others. We believe that, assuming we prove our lithium resources and proceed to build and operate a functioning lithium ore mining and processing facility, we will be well positioned to be a supplier of choice to these OEMs, based on the competitive economics enabled by our well situated geographical location, renewable energy sources, and mining friendly government regime.
Competition
We face intense competition in the mineral exploration and exploitation industry on an international, national and local level. We compete with other mining and exploration companies, many of which possess greater financial resources and technical facilities than we do, in connection with the exploration and mining of suitable properties and in connection with the engagement of qualified personnel. The lithium exploration and mining industry is fragmented, and we are a very small participant in this sector. Many of our competitors explore for a variety of minerals and control many different properties around the world. Many of them have been in business longer than we have and have established more strategic partnerships and relationships and have greater financial accessibility than we have. We believe that we can mitigate these factors through the
We are also subject to competition from other large national and international mining companies such as Sayona Mining Limited and Core Lithium Ltd.
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Intellectual Property
We do not have any registered intellectual property rights.
Facilities
Our corporate address is 242 Hargrave St #1700, Winnipeg, MB R3C 0V1 Canada. Currently, we no not maintain any office or operational facilities other than an on-site storage facility for our core samples, which we lease at a nominal fee. We believe that we will be able to obtain adequate facilities, principally through leasing, to accommodate our future expansion plans.
Employees
We do not have any employees at this time.
Currently, all of our executive officers and advisers work for us as independent contractors under consulting agreements. These agreements typically include a confidentiality covenant that requires consultants to protect our confidential information during their engagement with us. In addition, these consulting agreements include typical non-compete clauses that prohibit the consultants from entering into competitive employment relationships while they are working for us.
Insurance
We currently insure our directors and officers through Nova Minerals’s D&O insurance policy. We currently do not insure against mine exploration and development risks.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.
Government Regulation
Our business is subject a variety of laws and regulations applicable to companies conducting business in the mining industry. In Canada, mining law is divided between the federal and provincial governments. Ownership of lands and minerals generally belongs to the province in which they are located. Within the Province of Manitoba, mining activity is regulated by the Department of Agriculture and Resource Development and is governed primarily by provisions of The Mines and Minerals Act (Manitoba) together with its accompanying regulations and guidelines. The provinces have jurisdiction over mineral exploration, development, conservation and management. The federal government shares jurisdiction with the provinces on some related matters (taxation and the environment) and has exclusive jurisdiction over areas such as exports and foreign investment controls. Federal and provincial legislation affecting mining activities tends to fall into two main categories: (a) private matters of title and taxation; and (b) economic, social and environmental policies.
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Directors and Executive Officers
The following table sets forth certain information regarding our directors and executive officers.
| NAME | AGE | POSITION | ||
| Philip Gross | 49 | Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
| Mario Miranda | 65 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Dale Schultz | 54 | Chief Operating Officer, Secretary and Director | ||
| Derek Knight | 38 | Vice President, Corporate Development | ||
| Brian Youngs | 69 | Vice President, Exploration | ||
| Louie Simens | 38 | Chairman of the Board | ||
| Nachum Labkowski | 35 | Director | ||
| [ ](1) | [ ] | Director | ||
| [ ](1) | [ ] | Director |
| (1) | Appointed to our board of directors effective automatically subject to, and immediately prior to, the closing of this offering. |
Philip Gross. Mr. Gross has served as our Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our board of directors since January 2021. Mr. Gross has more than two decades of experience in the resource and mining sector as an active investor and a hands on participant. He has worked extensively in both the physical and financial aspects of the sector and has extensive mining experience including as CEO of an OTC listed mid-tier gold producer. Mr. Gross has previously worked for some of the largest global commodities supply chain management firms. His commodity repertoire ranges across the spectrum of metals, mining and agriculture with a heavy focus on project development and execution. During the past five years as CIO of Temple Asset Management, Philip has been active in a variety of resource strategies working together with hedge funds and family wealth funds, including relating to gold mines in Brazil, iron ore in Chile, cocoa in Ecuador and cashews in Nigeria.
Mario Miranda. Mr. Miranda has served as our Chief Financial Officer since February 25, 2021. Mr. Miranda has been a Canadian Chartered Professional Accountant since 1993, specializing in restructuring, turn-arounds and start-up operations in the natural resources and energy industries. Since June 2000, Mr. Miranda has been the president of Finterra Consulting Inc., a management consulting company that provides chief financial officer services to companies in the natural resources and energy industry. Since March 2020, Mr. Mirandas has served as the Chief Financial Officer of New Stratus Energy Inc, a TSXV-listed oil and gas developer with operations in Latin America. From 2011 to 2019, he was the Chief Financial Officer of Alexandria Minerals Corp. (TSX-V), a mining exploration company with projects in Northern Quebec. From 2009 to present, he has been the Chief Financial Officer of Alturas Minerals Corp. (TSX-V, BVL), a Canadian based mining corporation engaged in the exploration of mineral projects in in Southern Peru and Chile. From 2007 to 2009 Mr. Miranda served as the interim Director of Financial Reporting and Budgeting for Kinross Gold Corp. (NYSE, TSE) a leading world gold producer with operations in the Americas, West Africa and Russia. Fluent in English, Spanish and French, his background and experience has helped to integrate the needs of many North American publicly traded companies with operations in Canada, the United States, Latin America and the Caribbean. He attained his Bachelor degree in Economics from Concordia University (1986), a Graduate Diploma in Public Accounting from McGill University (1991) and a Master of Finance degree from - Queens University (2018).
Dale Schultz - Mr. Schultz has served as our Chief Operating Officer and as a member of our board of directors since December 2019. From 2019 Mr. Schultz also managed the exploration program on the Estelle project in Alaska for Nova Minerals Limited. From 2018 through 2019, he completed field mapping and sampling of the Temagami green stone belt for Temagami Gold Inc. and Progenitor Metals Corp. Between 2017 and 2018, Mr. Schultz managed a 4000m diamond drill campaign on the TBL property (now owned by Snow Lake Resources) for the previous operator, Nova Minerals Limited. From 2016 to 2017 while working for Cobalt Power, he logged core in the Northern Ontario Cobalt Mining Camp. Mr. Schultz has 30 years of exploration and mining experience through roles at Echo Bay Lupin Mine in the Summer of 1986 and 1987, Claude Resources Seabee Mine from March of 1992 to April 1995, Battle Mountain’s Hemlo Camp and Kori Kollo Mine from May of 1995 to April of 2000, and TVX New Britannia Mine, in Snow Lake, Manitoba, from December of 2002 to January 2004. Mr. Schultz has also provided geological consulting services in South and Central America and Asia, and is currently the Principle Geologist with DJS Consulting. He is a graduate of the University of Saskatchewan with a B.Sc. and M.Sc. in Geological Sciences and is a member of the Engineers and Geoscientists of Manitoba.
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Derek Knight. Mr. Knight served as our Chief Executive officer from November 28, 2018 until December 2, 2020, on which date he was appointed as our Vice President, Corporate Development. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Knight was Chief Operating Officer and Vice-President of Operations at Progressive Planet Solutions Inc. from June 2018 to November 2018, and Vice President of operations at thus company from March 2018 to June 2018. During this time, he was instrumental in the transaction transferring the TBL property to our company. From April 2017 through February 2018, he held the role of Maintenance Planner and Continuous Improvement Lead at Unilever, and from February 2016 until April 2017, Mr. Knight managed the investments for his family office, on a full time basis. Since May 2003, Mr. Knight has also held various roles with UA Local 67, Plumbers, Steamfitters and Welders where his responsibilities included project management, supervisory, planning, project execution, and continuous improvement. Mr. Knight holds several professional trade licenses and has extensive experience working in large industrial environments in senior executive operating roles. He participated in the Power Engineering Program of Studies at Mohawk College of Applied Arts & Technology in 2003 and the Advanced Plumbing program in 2007, in Ontario, Canada. In 2019, Mr. knight completed the Canadian Securities Course of the Canadian Securities Institute.
Brian Youngs. Mr. Youngs joined our company in January 2018 and has served as our Vice President of Exploration since November 2018. Mr. Youngs has more than 25 years of experience in mining exploration. In a number of private and publicly traded junior mining companies, including Randsburg International Gold Corp. from May 2003 to June 2005, Wabana Exploration Inc. from 1999 to 2001 and Meegwich Consultants from 1996 to 2003. He has worked throughout Canada and internationally, as senior airborne geophysics technician with Geotech Ltd. Inc., from June 2008 to December 2017. Mr. Youngs graduated from Northern College – Haileybury School of Mines, Mining Engineering Technician program and is a member of the Ontario Association of Certified Engineering Technicians and Technologists. He has also received a GIS Specialist Diploma from Sault College and a Computer Graphics Design Diploma from Sheridan College..
Louie Simens. Mr. Simens has been the Chairman of our board of directors since December 2020, and a Director since November 2018. From 2016 Mr. Simens has been the Managing Director of a private construction company. Mr. Simens joined the Nova Minerals Ltd board of directors in December 2017. He has extensive experience in micro-cap equities and start-up investing, as well as in corporate restructuring, due diligence and mergers and acquisitions, where he utilizes his knowledge of corporate governance and project management. Mr. Simens has a successful track record spanning more than a decade in owning and operating contracting businesses, both in civil and building construction. Mr. Simens is currently director of his family construction group, and the executive director of Nova Minerals Ltd. Since 2020. He has served as Non-Executive Chairman of Torian Resources Ltd, and during his time at Torian Resources, Mr. Simens was instrumental in the company’s recapitalization and turnaround.
Nachum Labkowski. Mr. Labkowski has served as a member of our board of directors since November 2018. He is currently the Chief Executive Officer and principal investor in Halevi Enterprises, a private equity firm which Mr. Labkowski founded in 2010 that holds equity in more than 30 private companies and invests in real estate worldwide. Mr. Labkowski’s unique approach to investing has provided significant returns from those companies he has invested in to date.
No family relationship exists between any of our directors and executive officers. There are no arrangements or understandings with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others pursuant to which any person referred to above was selected as a director or member of senior management.
Board of Directors
Nasdaq’s listing rules generally require that a majority of an issuer’s board of directors must consist of independent directors. Our board of directors currently consists of four (4) directors, Philip Gross, Dale Schultz, Louie Simens and Nachum Labkowski, one (1) of whom, Mr. Labkowski, is independent within the meaning of Nasdaq’s rules. We have entered into independent director agreements with [ ] and [ ], pursuant to which they have been appointed to serve as independent directors effective automatically upon, and subject to, the closing of this offering. As a result of these appointments, our board of directors will consist of six (6) directors, three (3) of whom will be independent within the meaning of the Nasdaq’s rules.
A director is not required to hold any shares in our company to qualify to serve as a director. Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of our company to borrow money, mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and uncalled capital, and to issue debentures, bonds and other securities, subject to applicable stock exchange limitations, if any, whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of our company or of any third-party.
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Board Committees
We have already established a standing audit committee and a compensation committee of our board of directors. Immediately prior to, and subject to, the closing of this offering, we intend to establish a nominating and corporate governance committee of our board of directors. We intend to adopt a charter for each of the three committees. Each committee’s members and functions are described below.
Audit Committee
Our audit committee consists of Nachum Labkowski, [ ] and [ ], each of whom satisfies the “independence” requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and Rule5605(c)(2) of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. [ ] will serve as chairman of the audit committee. Our board has determined that [ ] qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert.” The audit committee will oversee our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company.
The audit committee will be responsible for, among other things: (i) retaining and overseeing our independent accountants; (ii) assisting the board in its oversight of the integrity of our financial statements, the qualifications, independence and performance of our independent auditors and our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; (iii) reviewing and approving the plan and scope of the internal and external audit; (iv) pre-approving any audit and non-audit services provided by our independent auditors; (v) approving the fees to be paid to our independent auditors; (vi) reviewing with our chief executive officer and chief financial officer and independent auditors the adequacy and effectiveness of our internal controls; (vii) reviewing hedging transactions; and (viii) reviewing and assessing annually the audit committee’s performance and the adequacy of its charter.
Compensation Committee
Our compensation committee consists of Nachum Labkowski and Louie Simens. Mr. Labkiwski satisfies the “independence” requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and Rule5605(c)(2) of the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. [ ] will serve as chairman of the compensation committee. The compensation committee will assist the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers.
The compensation committee will be responsible for, among other things: (i) reviewing and approving the remuneration of our executive officers; (ii) making recommendations to the board regarding the compensation of our independent directors; (iii) making recommendations to the board regarding equity-based and incentive compensation plans, policies and programs; and (iv) reviewing and assessing annually the compensation committee’s performance and the adequacy of its charter.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Our audit committee consists of [ ], [ ] and [ ]. [ ] will serve as chairman of the nominating and corporate governance committee. The nominating and corporate governance committee will assist the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees.
The nominating and corporate governance committee will be responsible for, among other things: (i) identifying and evaluating individuals qualified to become members of the board by reviewing nominees for election to the board submitted by shareholders and recommending to the board director nominees for each annual meeting of shareholders and for election to fill any vacancies on the board; (ii) advising the board with respect to board organization, desired qualifications of board members, the membership, function, operation, structure and composition of committees (including any committee authority to delegate to subcommittees), and self-evaluation and policies; (iii) advising on matters relating to corporate governance and monitoring developments in the law and practice of corporate governance; (iv) overseeing compliance with the our code of ethics; and (v) approving any related party transactions.
The nominating and corporate governance committee’s methods for identifying candidates for election to our board of directors will include the solicitation of ideas for possible candidates from a number of sources - members of our board of directors, our executives, individuals personally known to the members of our board of directors, and other research. The nominating and corporate governance committee may also, from time-to-time, retain one or more third-party search firms to identify suitable candidates.
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In making director recommendations, the nominating and corporate governance committee may consider some or all of the following factors: (i) the candidate’s judgment, skill, experience with other organizations of comparable purpose, complexity and size, and subject to similar legal restrictions and oversight; (ii) the interplay of the candidate’s experience with the experience of other board members; (iii) the extent to which the candidate would be a desirable addition to the board and any committee thereof; (iv) whether or not the person has any relationships that might impair his or her independence; and (v) the candidate’s ability to contribute to the effective management of our company, taking into account the needs of our company and such factors as the individual’s experience, perspective, skills and knowledge of the industry in which we operate.
Duties of Directors
Under Canadian law, directors have fiduciary obligations to our company. Under the MCA, directors, when exercising the powers and discharging their duties, must act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of our company and exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably prudent individual would exercise in comparable circumstances.
Under Manitoba corporate law, the MCA imposes specific statutory liabilities on directors of corporations in certain situations. In certain circumstances, directors can be held liable, for example, for the authorization of share issues for a consideration other than money at less than fair market value, or for all debts not exceeding six months’ wages payable to each of the employees for services performed for the corporation while they are directors, or for the payment of a dividend if there were reasonable grounds for believing that the corporation is, or would after the payment be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due, or the realizable value of the corporation’s assets would thereby be less than the aggregate of its liabilities and stated capital. Under numerous other provisions in federal and provincial statutes, directors may also face personal liability for, among other things, environmental offences, source deductions from payrolls, and tax remittances. Corporate directors have a number of defenses to legal actions in which it is alleged that they have breached their statutory or fiduciary duties, including:
| ● | dissenting from a resolution passed or action taken at a board meeting, which may relieve the director of any liability for the results of that decision; |
| ● | raising a “good faith reliance” defense to an accusation of breach of a fiduciary duty, whereby the director is entitled to rely in good faith on financial statements or reports made by an officer of the corporation, the corporation’s auditor, or by other professionals, such as a lawyer, an accountant, or an engineer; and |
| ● | availing themselves of a due diligence defense that permits directors to avoid a number of statutory liabilities, including breach of fiduciary duty, where the directors exercise the same degree of care, diligence and skill as a reasonably prudent person in comparable circumstances. |
Conflicts of Interest
There are potential conflicts of interest to which the directors, officers, insiders and promoters of our company will be subject in connection with the operations of our company. Some of the directors, officers, insiders and promoters are engaged in and will continue to be engaged in corporations or businesses which may be in competition with the business of our company. Accordingly, situations may arise where the directors, officers, insiders and promoters will be in direct competition with our company. The directors and officers of our company have a fiduciary obligation to act in the best interests of our company, avoid conflicts of interest and to disclose to all other board members any relevant information about potential conflicts. They have the same obligations to the other companies in respect of which they act as directors and officers. Discharge by the directors and officers of their obligations to our company may result in a breach of their obligations to the other companies, and in certain circumstances this could expose our company to liability to those companies. Similarly, discharge by the directors and officers of their obligations to the other companies could result in a breach of their obligation to act in the best interests of our company. Such conflicting legal obligations may expose our company to liability to others and impair our ability to achieve our business objectives. All of the directors or officers of our company have entered into non-competition or non-disclosure agreements with our company. Conflicts, if any, will be subject to the procedures and remedies as provided under the MCA and applicable securities laws, regulations and policies.
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Terms of Directors and Officers
Our officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of our board of directors. Unless the shareholders, by ordinary resolution, elect directors to hold office for a term expiring later than the close of the next annual meeting of shareholders, the term of office of a director upon election or appointment, subject to Section 103 of the MCA, shall cease at the close of the first annual meeting of shareholders following his or her election or appointment, provided that if no directors are elected at such annual meeting, he or she shall continue in office until his or her successor is elected or appointed. The following persons are disqualified by the MCA from being a director of the Company: (i) anyone who is less than 18 years of age; (ii) a person who is not an individual; and (iii) a person who has the status of a bankrupt.
Employment and Indemnification Agreements
The Company has entered into consulting agreements with Philip Gross, Dale Schultz, Derek Knight and Brian Youngs. Our executive officers will be employed as independent contractors. Either party to an executive consulting agreement may terminate the agreement for any reason, at any time, with ninety (90) days’ prior written notice and the parties to an agreement may otherwise terminate an agreement at a date specified in writing by them. Additionally, we may terminate an executive consulting agreement in our sole discretion at any time provided we pay the contractor 90 days’ compensation.
Each executive officer has agreed to hold, both during and after the employment agreement expires or is earlier terminated, in strict confidence and not to use or disclose to any person, corporation or other entity without written consent, any confidential information. In addition, certain of our executive officers, including our Chief Executive Officer, Philip Gross, have agreed to be bound by non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions set forth in their agreements.
Although as independent contractors our executive officers have been involved in other business activities, we expect that as our business operations ramp up our executive officers will devote substantially all of their time to our business operations.
We expect to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers, pursuant to which we will agree to indemnify our directors and executive officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made by reason of their being such a director or officer.
Compensation of Directors and Officers
Currently, there are no requirements for disclosure of the compensation of officers and directors on an individual basis for our most recently completed fiscal year under Canadian law. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 and for the six months ended December 31, 2020, we paid aggregate cash compensation of C$118,700 (approximately US$87,190) and C$72,093 (approximately US$52,954), respectively, to our directors and executive officers as a group. We did not pay any other cash compensation or benefits in kind to our directors and executive officers. We have not set aside or accrued any amount to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our directors and executive officers. Our board of directors may determine compensation to be paid to the directors and the executive officers. The compensation committee will assist the directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors and the executive officers. For information regarding share awards granted to our directors and executive officers, see “—Stock Option Plan.”
Our 2019 Stock Option Plan
On May 1, 2019, we established the Snow Lake Resources Ltd. Stock Option Plan, or the Plan. The purpose of the Plan is to grant stock options, or Options, to encourage eligible persons to remain with our Company and to attract new directors, officers, employees and consultants. The aggregate number of common shares that may be reserved for issuance pursuant to Options under the Plan shall not exceed 10% of the outstanding common shares at the time of the granting of Options, less the aggregate number of common shares then reserved for issuance pursuant to any other share compensation arrangement. As of the date of this prospectus, 6,505,092 of our common shares are reserved for issuance under the Plan, as 65,050,922 of our common shares are currently issued and outstanding, and 2,405,092 of our common shares remain available for grant under the Plan, net of 4,100,000 of our common shares reserved under Options currently outstanding.
The following summary briefly describes the principal features of the Plan and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Plan.
Award that may be granted include only Incentive Stock Options. These Options shall only be granted to Eligible Persons. “Eligible Person” means a Director, Officer, Employee or Consultant, and includes an issuer all the voting securities of which are owned by Eligible Persons. An Eligible Person may receive Options on more than one occasion and may receive separate Options, with differing terms, on any one or more occasions.
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Stock options give the option holder the right to acquire from us a designated number of common shares at a purchase price that is fixed upon the grant of the option. The exercise price shall not be lower than the greater of the closing market prices of the underlying securities on: (a) the trading day prior to the date of grant of the Options; and (b) the date of grant of the Options.
All of the permissible types of awards under the Plan are described in more detail as follows:
Purposes of Plan: The purpose of the Plan is to advance the interests of our Company, through the grant of Options, by providing an incentive mechanism to foster the interest of Eligible Persons in the success of our Company and our Affiliates; encouraging Eligible Persons to remain with our Company; and attracting new directors, officers, employees and consultants.
Administration of the Plan: The Plan is currently administered by the Board of Directors, or the Board. The Board shall have the authority to determine the Eligible Persons to whom Options are granted, to grant such Options, and to determine any terms and conditions, limitations and restrictions in respect of any particular Option grant, including but not limited to the nature and duration of the restrictions, if any, to be imposed upon the acquisition, sale or other disposition of common shares acquired upon exercise of the Option, and the nature of the events and the duration of the period, if any, in which any Participant’s rights in respect of an Option or common shares acquired upon exercise of an Option may be forfeited; and to interpret the terms of the Plan, to make all such determinations and take all such other actions in connection with the implementation, operation and administration of the Plan, and to adopt, amend and rescind such administrative guidelines and other rules and regulations relating to the Plan. The Board’s interpretations, determinations, guidelines, rules and regulations shall be conclusive and binding upon our Company, Eligible Persons, Participants and all other persons.
Eligible Persons: A director, officer, employee or consultant, and includes an issuer all the voting securities of which are owned by Eligible Persons.
Shares Available Under the Plan: The aggregate number of common shares that may be reserved for issuance pursuant to Options under the Plan shall not exceed 10% of the outstanding common shares at the time of the granting of Options, less the aggregate number of common shares then reserved for issuance pursuant to any other share compensation arrangement. As of the date of this prospectus, 6,505,092 of our common shares are reserved for issuance under the Plan, as 65,050,922 of our common shares are currently issued and outstanding, and 2,405,092 of our common shares remain available for grant under the Plan, net of 4,100,000 of our common shares reserved under Options currently outstanding.
Stock Options:
General. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Board has the authority to determine all grants of stock options. That determination will include: (i) the number of shares subject to any option; (ii) the exercise price per share; (iii) the expiration date of the option; (iv) the manner, time and date of permitted exercise; (v) other restrictions, if any, on the option or the shares underlying the option; and (vi) any other terms and conditions as the administrator may determine. No fractional common shares shall be reserved for issuance under the Plan and the Board may determine the manner in which an Option, insofar as it relates to the acquisition of a fractional Common Share, shall be treated.
Option Price. Our Company must not grant Options with an exercise price lower than the greater of the closing market prices of the underlying securities on: (a) the trading day prior to the date of grant of the Options; and (b) the date of grant of the Options.
Exercise of Options. An option may be exercised only in accordance with the terms and conditions for the option agreement as established by the administrator at the time of the grant. The option must be exercised by notice to us, accompanied by payment of the exercise price. Payments may be made in cash or, at the option of the administrator, by actual or constructive delivery of shares of Common Stock to the holder of the option based upon the fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise.
Expiration of Options. if not previously exercised, an Option will expire on the expiration date established by the administrator at the time of grant. In the case of stock options, such term cannot exceed ten years.
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Blackout Period. The expiration date of an Option shall automatically extend if such expiration date falls within a period, or the blackout period, during which our company prohibits Optionees from exercising their Options to the extent that: (i) the blackout period is formally imposed by our company pursuant to its internal trading policies as a result of the bona fide existence of undisclosed material information. For greater certainty, in the absence of our company formally imposing a blackout period, the expiration date of any Options will not be automatically extended in any circumstances; (ii) the blackout period must expire upon the general disclosure of the undisclosed material information. The expiration date of the affected Options can be extended to no later than ten business days after the expiry of the blackout period; and (iii) the automatic extension of an Optionee’s Options will not be permitted where the Optionee or our company is subject to a cease trade order (or similar order under securities laws) in respect of our common shares.
Vesting Schedule. Options shall vest as determined by the Board. Options that may be granted to Eligible Persons performing investor relations activities shall vest over a minimum of 12 months with no more than 1/4 of such Options vesting in any three month period.
No Rights as a Shareholder. Nothing in the Plan or any Option shall confer upon a Participant any rights as a shareholder of our company with respect to any of the common shares underlying an Option unless and until such Participant shall have become the holder of such common shares upon exercise of such Option in accordance with the terms of the Plan.
Amendment, Suspension and Termination. The Board may amend, subject to the approval of any regulatory authority whose approval is required, suspend or terminate the Plan or any portion thereof. No such amendment, suspension or termination shall alter or impair any outstanding unexercised Options or any rights without the consent of the Participant holding such outstanding Options. If the Plan is suspended or terminated, the provisions of the Plan and any administrative guidelines, rules and regulations relating to the Plan shall continue in effect for the duration of such time as any Option remains outstanding.
Non-Assignability. Options may not be assigned or transferred.
Governing Law. The Plan, all Option Agreements, the grant and exercise of Options thereunder, and the sale, issuance and delivery of common shares thereunder upon exercise of Options are governed by the laws of the Province of Manitoba and the federal laws of Canada. The Courts of the Province of Manitoba shall have the exclusive jurisdiction to hear and decide any disputes or other matters arising under the Plan.
Other Material Provisions: Every Option shall be evidenced by an Option Agreement executed by us and the Participant, which shall, if the participant is an employee, consultant or management company employee, contain a representation and warranty by us and such Participant. In the event of changes in our outstanding common shares by reason of any share consolidation or split, reclassification or other capital reorganization, or a stock dividend, arrangement, amalgamation, merger or combination, or any other change to, event affecting, exchange of or corporate change or transaction affecting the common shares, the Board shall make, as it shall deem advisable and subject to the requisite approval of the relevant regulatory authorities, appropriate substitution and/or adjustment in: (i) the number and kind of shares or other securities or property reserved or to be allotted for issuance pursuant to the Plan; (ii) the number and kind of shares or other securities or property reserved or to be allotted for issuance pursuant to any outstanding unexercised Options, and in the exercise price for such shares or other securities or property; and (iii) the vesting of any Options.
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The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common shares as of May 26, 2021 for (i) each of our executive officers and directors; (ii) all of our executive officers and directors as a group; and (iii) each other shareholder known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding common shares. The following table assumes that the underwriters have not exercised the over-allotment option.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with SEC rules and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. For purposes of this table, a person or group of persons is deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of any common shares that such person or any member of such group has the right to acquire within sixty (60) days of May 26, 2021. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares held by each person or group of persons named above, any shares that such person or persons has the right to acquire within sixty (60) days of May 26, 2021 are deemed to be outstanding for such person, but not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The inclusion herein of any shares listed as beneficially owned does not constitute an admission of beneficial ownership by any person.
| Common Shares Beneficially Owned Prior to this Offering (1) | Common Shares Beneficially Owned After this Offering(2) | |||||||||||||||
| Name of Beneficial Owner | Shares | % | Shares | % | ||||||||||||
| Philip Gross, Chief Executive Officer and Director(3) | 600,000 | * | 600,000 | * | ||||||||||||
| Mario Miranda, Chief Financial Officer | 0 | 0 | % | 0 | 0 | % | ||||||||||
| Dale Schultz, Chief Operating Officer and Director(4) | 860,000 | 1.31 | % | 860,000 | [ ] | % | ||||||||||
| Derek Knight, Vice President, Corporate Development(5) | 4,530,119 | 6.85 | % | 4,530,119 | [ ] | % | ||||||||||
| Brian Youngs, Vice President, Exploration(6) | 360,000 | * | 360,000 | * | ||||||||||||
| Louie Simens, Chairman of the Board(7) | 709,000 | 1.10 | % | 709,000 | [ ] | % | ||||||||||
| Nachum Labkowski, Director(8) | 800,000 | 1.22 | % | 800,000 | [ ] | % | ||||||||||
| All executive officers and directors (7 persons) | 7,859,119 | 12.08 | % | 7,259,119 | [ ] | % | ||||||||||
| Nova Minerals Limited(9) | 48,000,001 | 73.80 | % | 48,000,001 | [ ] | % | ||||||||||
| 2789501 Ontario Inc.(10) | 6,666,666 | 10.25 | % | 6,666,666 | [ ] | % | ||||||||||
| * | Less than 1% |
| (1) | Based on 65,050,922 common shares issued and outstanding as of May 26, 2021. |
| (2) | Based on [ ] common shares issued and outstanding after this offering. |
| (3) | Consists of 600,000 restricted shares that would be issued to Mr. Gross upon completion of this offering. Does not include 600,000 restricted shares that would be issued to Mr. Gross upon our meeting of certain milestones. |
| (4) | Consists of 40,000 common shares, warrants for the purchase of 20,000 common shares exercisable within 60 days and options for the purchase of 800,000 common shares exercisable within 60 days. |
| (5) | Consists of 3,408,691 common shares, warrants for the purchase of 421,428 common shares exercisable within 60 days and options for the purchase of 700,000 common shares exercisable within 60 days. |
| (6) | Consists of 40,000 common shares, warrants for the purchase of 20,000 common shares exercisable within 60 days and options for the purchase of 300,000 common shares exercisable within 60 days. |
| (7) | Consists of 6,000 common shares, warrants for the purchase of 3,000 common shares exercisable within 60 days and options for the purchase of 700,000 common shares exercisable within 60 days. The shares, warrants and options are held directly by Benjamin Discretionary Trust. Mr. Simens is one of several beneficiaries of the Benjamin Discretionary Trust. He does not have any voting or investment power over the securities held by it. His Spouse is the sole Director of the trust. |
| (8) | Consists of options for the purchase of 800,000 common shares exercisable within 60 days. |
| (9) | Christopher Gerteisen is the Chief Executive Officer of Nova Minerals Limited and has voting and investment power over the securities held by it. Mr. Gerteisen disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Nova Minerals Limited except to the extent of his pecuniary interest, if any, in such shares. |
| (10) | Includes 4,966,666 common shares that was purchased from Progressive Planet Solutions Inc. under an option that expired on May 11, 2021. Chaim D. Berger is the sole director of 2789501 Ontario Inc. and has voting and investment power over the securities held by it. Mr. Berger disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by 2789501 Ontario Inc. except to the extent of his pecuniary interest, if any, in such shares. |
None of our major shareholders have different voting rights from other shareholders. As noted in the table above, Nova Minerals holds approximately 74% of our outstanding common shares. We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.
See ”Description of Share Capital—History of Securities Issuances” for historical changes in our shareholding.
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In addition to the compensation arrangements discussed under “Management,” the following is a description of the material terms of those transactions with related parties to which we are party and which we are required to disclose pursuant to the disclosure rules of the SEC.
As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, we had C$205,648 (approximately US$151,056) and C$206,752 (approximately US$151,867), respectively, due to our parent company, Nova Minerals. This money was lent to us by Nova Minerals to fund our startup as well as ongoing accounting, legal and general corporate costs.
On March 8, 2019, we entered into a deed of assignment of debt with Nova Minerals and Thompson Bros to facilitate the reassignment of the related party loan from Nova Minerals to our company. Thereby, we are now a party to an amount owing from Thompson Bros amounting to C$1,519,013 (approximately US$1,115,773). In consideration for the assignment, we issued one of our common shares to Nova Minerals. The related party loan is non-interest bearing and with no fixed repayment date or terms.
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General
The following is a description of the material terms of our share capital as set forth in our articles of incorporation, as amended, and as further amended in connection with this offering, and certain related sections of the Corporations Act (Manitoba). For more detailed information, please see our articles of incorporation and amendments thereto, which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
As of May 26, 2021, we had 65,050,922 common shares outstanding, which were held by approximately 168 shareholders of record.
Upon closing of this offering, based upon shares outstanding as of [ ], 2021, our share capital will consist of an unlimited number of common shares, no par value per share, of which [ ] will be issued and outstanding (or [ ] if the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full), and an unlimited number of preferred shares, issuable in series, no par value per share, none of which will be issued and outstanding.
Share Capital
Common Shares
Upon or immediately prior to the closing of this offering, our articles of incorporation will be amended to delete all references to our Class A, Class B, Class C and Class D common shares and all of our outstanding Class A common shares will be reclassified as common shares. There are no Class B, Class C or Class D common shares issued and outstanding.
Under our amended articles of incorporation to be in effect upon the closing of this offering, the holders of our common shares will be entitled to one vote for each share held at any meeting of the shareholders. Subject to the prior rights of the holders of our preferred shares, the holders of our common shares will be entitled to receive dividends as and when declared by our board of directors. See “Dividend Policy.” Subject to the prior payment to the holders of our preferred shares, in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up or other distribution of our assets among our shareholders, the holders of our common shares will be entitled to share pro rata in the distribution of the balance of our assets. Holders of common shares will have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There will be no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to our common shares. There will be no provision in our amended articles requiring holders of common shares to contribute additional capital, or permitting or restricting the issuance of additional securities or any other material restrictions. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of common shares will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of any series of preferred shares that we may designate in the future.
Preferred Shares
Upon or immediately prior to the closing of this offering, our articles of incorporation will be amended to delete all references to our Class A, Class B and Class C preferred shares. Under our amended articles, we will be authorized to issue, without shareholder approval, an unlimited number of preferred shares, issuable in one or more series, and, subject to the provisions of the MCA, having such designations, rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions, including dividend and voting rights, as our board of directors may determine, and such rights and privileges, including dividend and voting rights, may be superior to those of the common shares. The issuance of preferred shares, while providing flexibility in connection with possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could, among other things, have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company and might adversely affect the market price of our common shares and the voting and other rights of the holders of common shares. We have no current plans to issue any preferred shares.
Warrants
See “—History of Securities Issuances” below for a description of the warrants that we have issued in connection with our private placements.
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Options
We have granted to employees, consultants and directors options to purchase 4,100,000 common shares under our 2019 stock option plan and we currently have 2,405,092 remaining options available for issuance under our 2019 stock option plan. See “Management—Stock Option Plan.”
History of Securities Issuances
Upon our incorporation, on May 25, 2018, we issued 100 common shares to our parent company, Nova Minerals, for a total purchase price of C$1.00 (approximately US$0.73).
On November 29, 2018, we closed a private placement financing, pursuant to which we issued 4,000,000 units at a price of C$0.25 (approximately US$0.18) per unit for aggregate gross proceeds of C$1,000,000 (approximately US$734,538). Each unit is comprised of one common share and a warrant for the purchase of one-half of one (1/2) common share at an exercise price of C$0.30 (approximately US$0.22) per whole common share. The warrants may be exercised at any time until the earlier of (i) five years after the date of issuance or (ii) two years from the completion of a liquidity transaction, which is defined as a business combination with a public company pursuant to a reverse take-over, merger, amalgamation, arrangement, take-over bid, insider bid, reorganization, joint venture, sale or exchange of assets or similar transaction, or an initial public offering. We also issued warrants for the purchase of 160,000 common shares to the broker. This warrant has an exercise price of C$0.25 (approximately US$0.18) and may also be exercised at any time until the earlier of (i) five years after the date of issuance or (ii) two years from the completion of a liquidity transaction.
On December 31, 2018, we closed a private placement financing, pursuant to which we issued 714,285 units at a price of C$0.35 (approximately US$0.26) per unit for aggregate gross proceeds of C$250,000 (approximately US$183,634). Each unit is comprised of one common share and a warrant for the purchase of one-half of one (1/2) common share at an exercise price of C$0.45 (approximately US$0.33) per whole common share. The warrants may be exercised at any time until the earlier of (i) five years after the date of issuance or (ii) two years from the completion of a liquidity transaction (as defined above). If, following the closing of this offering, the closing price of our common shares is equal to or greater than C$0.75 for any 20 consecutive trading days, we may, upon providing written notice to the holders of these warrants, accelerate the expiry date of the warrants to the date that is 30 days following the date of such written notice.
On March 8, 2019, we issued 47,999,900 common shares to Nova Minerals in connection with our acquisition from Nova Minerals of all of the common shares of Thompson Bros. See “Corporate History and Structure” for more information regarding this transaction.
On March 15, 2019, we closed a private placement financing, pursuant to which we issued 325,536 units at a price of C$0.35 (approximately US$0.26) per unit for aggregate gross proceeds of C$113,938 (approximately US$83,692). Each unit is comprised of one common share and a warrant for the purchase of one-half of one (1/2) common share at an exercise price of C$0.45 (approximately US$0.33) per whole share. These warrants may be exercised at any time until March 15, 2021.
On March 28, 2019, we issued one common share to Nova Minerals in relation to the intercompany loan re-assignment described under “Related Party Transactions” above.
On April 12, 2019, we issued 10,500,000 common shares to Progressive Planet and 1,500,000 common shares to Strider Resources in connection with our acquisition of the TBL property. See “Corporate History and Structure” for more information regarding this transaction.
On May 25, 2019, we issued to certain of our officers and directors options to acquire 5,200,000 of our common shares. Some of those options have since been terminated; options to purchase 4,100,000 of our common shares remain outstanding. Each option provides the option holder the right to purchase one of our common shares until May 24, 2023, as an exercise price of C$0.50 per share.
On February 11, 2020, we issued 250 common shares on the exercise of a warrant for proceeds of C$113 (approximately US$83).
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On January 1, 2021, Philip Gross became our Chief Executive Officer. Under our consulting agreement with Mr. Gross, we agreed to issue to him up to 1,200,000 of our restricted ordinary shares under the following conditions: (i) 250,000 restricted share units are to be awarded to Mr. Gross on completion of a preliminary economic assessment of the TBL property, (ii) 350,000 restricted share units to be awarded upon increasing the TBL property lithium resource to above 12Mt lithium at or above 1% Li20 and at or above a cut-off grade of 0.4% Li20. And (iii) 600,000 restricted share units to be awarded upon the completion of our initial public offering.
On February 8, 2021, we conducted an initial closing of a private placement offering of our unsecured convertible debentures in which we sold C$470,000 (approximately $345,233) in principal amount of the convertible debentures. On February 22, 2021, we conducted a second and final closing of this offering in which we sold C$350,000 (approximately $257,088) in principal amount of the convertible debentures. The convertible debentures, which were issued with an original issue discount of 5%, bear interest on the unpaid principal amount at a rate of the greater of 12% per annum, and (ii) the WSJ prime rate plus 7%, calculated and added to the principal amount annually, payable in cash in arrears on the maturity date. The convertible debentures entitle the purchasers to receive warrants to purchase a number of our common shares equal to 50% of the number of our common shares issuable upon conversion of the convertible debentures. Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase our common shares at an exercise price of C$0.30 (approximately $0.22) per share and will expire on the earlier of five years from the date of Issuance and two years after the closing of this Offering.
Between March 10, 2021 and March 15, 2021, we issued 10,850 of our common shares upon the exercise of outstanding warrants for proceeds to us of C$4,882 (approximately US$3,906).
Limitation of Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Under the MCA, we may indemnify our current or former directors or officers or another individual who acts or acted at our request as a director or officer, or an individual acting in a similar capacity, of another entity which the Company is or was a shareholder or creditor of, against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by the individual in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding in which the individual is involved because of his or her association with us or another entity. The MCA also provides that we may also advance moneys to a director, officer or other individual for costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred in connection with such a proceeding; provided that such individual shall repay the moneys if the individual does not fulfill the conditions described below.
However, indemnification is prohibited under the MCA unless the individual:
| ● | acted honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests, or the best interests of the other entity for which the individual acted as director or officer or in a similar capacity at our request; and |
| ● | in the case of a criminal or administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, the individual had reasonable grounds for believing that his or her conduct was lawful; |
Our bylaws require us to indemnify each of our current or former directors and officers and each individual who acts or acted at our request as a director or officer of another entity which the Company is or was a shareholder or creditor of, as well as their respective heirs and successors, against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by them in respect of any civil, criminal or administrative action or proceeding to which they were made a party by reason of being or having been a director or officer, except as may be prohibited by the MCA.
We have entered into indemnity agreements with our directors and our executive officers which provide, among other things, that we will indemnify our directors and executive officers to the fullest extent permitted by law from and against all liabilities, costs, charges and expenses incurred as a result of our directors and executive officers actions in the exercise of their duties as a director or officer; provided that, we shall not indemnify such individuals if, among other things, they did not act honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests and, in the case of a criminal or penal action, the individuals did not have reasonable grounds for believing that their conduct was lawful.
At present, we are not aware of any pending or threatened litigation or proceeding involving any of our directors, officers, employees or agents in which indemnification would be required or permitted.
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Material differences between Manitoba Corporate Law and Delaware General Corporation Law
Our corporate affairs are governed by our articles of incorporation and bylaws and the provisions of the MCA. The MCA differs from the various state laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their stockholders. The following is a summary of the material differences between the MCA and the Delaware General Corporation Law, or DGCL. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the DGCL, the MCA and our governing corporate instruments.
Number and Election of Directors
Under the DGCL, the board of directors must consist of at least one number. The number of directors shall be fixed by the bylaws of the corporation, unless the certificate of incorporation fixes the number of directors, in which case a change in the number of directors shall only be made by an amendment of the certificate of incorporation. Under the DGCL, directors are elected at annual stockholder meetings by a plurality vote of the stockholders, unless a shareholder-adopted bylaw prescribes a different required vote.
Under the MCA, the board of directors must consist of at least three members, at least two of whom shall not be officers or employees of us or our affiliates, so long as Liminal remains a “distributing corporation” for purposes of the MCA, which includes a corporation whose securities are listed on a recognized stock exchange, in or outside Canada. Under the MCA, the shareholders of a corporation elect directors by ordinary resolution at each annual meeting of shareholders at which such an election is required.
Director Qualifications
Delaware law does not have director residency requirements comparable to those of the MCA. Delaware law permits a corporation to prescribe qualifications for directors under its certificate of incorporation or bylaws.
Under the MCA, a director is not required to hold a share in our capital as qualification for his or her office but must be qualified as required by the MCA to become, act or continue to act as a director. The MCA provides that the following persons are disqualified from being a director of a corporation: (i) a person who is less than 18 years of age; (ii) a person who is of unsound mind and has been so found by a court in Canada or elsewhere; (iii) a person who is not an individual; and (iv) a person who has the status of a bankrupt. Further, the MCA provides that at least 25% of the directors of the company must be resident Canadians, or at least one of the directors if the company has less than four directors.
Vacancies on the Board of Directors
Under the DGCL, vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from an increase in the authorized number of directors, may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director.
Under the MCA, vacancies that exist on the board of directors may be filled by the board of directors if the remaining directors constitute a quorum, unless the vacancy results from an increase in the number or in the minimum or maximum number of directors or a failure to elect the number or minimum number of directors provided for in the articles, in which case, or if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, the remaining directors shall call a meeting of shareholders to fill the vacancy.
Transactions with Directors and Officers
The DGCL generally provides that no transaction between a corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between a corporation and any other corporation or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers, are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the board or committee which authorizes the transaction, or solely because any such director’s or officer’s votes are counted for such purpose, if (i) the material facts as to the director’s or officer’s interest and as to the transaction are known to the board of directors or the committee, and the board or committee in good faith authorizes the transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; (ii) the material facts as to the director’s or officer’s interest and as to the transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (iii) the transaction is fair as to the corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the board of directors, a committee or the stockholders.
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The MCA requires that a director or officer of a corporation who is: (i) a party to a contract or transaction or proposed contract or transaction with the corporation; or (ii) a director or an officer, a person acting in a similar capacity, of a party to a contract or transaction or proposed contract or transaction, or (iii) has a material interest in, any person who is a party to a contract or transaction or proposed contract or transaction with the corporation, shall disclose in writing to the corporation or request to have entered in the minutes of meetings of directors (or committees of directors) the nature and extent of his or her interest. An interested director is prohibited from attending the part of the meeting during which the contract or transaction is discussed and is prohibited from voting on a resolution to approve the contract or transaction except in specific circumstances, such as a contract or transaction relating primarily to his or her remuneration as a director, a contract or transaction for indemnification or liability insurance of the director, or a contract or transaction with an affiliate of the corporation.
If a director or officer does not disclose his or her interest in accordance with the MCA, or (in the case of a director) votes in respect of a resolution on a contract or transaction in which he or she is interested contrary to the MCA, the corporation or a shareholder may ask the court to set aside the contract or transaction, according to the conditions the court sees fit. However, if a director or officer has disclosed his or her interest in accordance with the MCA and the contract or transaction was reasonable and fair to the corporation at the time it was approved by the directors, the contract or transaction is not invalid by reason only of the interest of the director or officer or that the director is present at or is counted to determine the presence of a quorum at the meeting of directors that authorized the contract or transaction.
Limitation on Liability of Directors
The DGCL permits a corporation to include a provision in its certificate of incorporation eliminating or limiting the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for a breach of the director’s fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability: (i) for breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders; (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of the law; (iii) under Section 174 of the DGCL which concerns unlawful payment of dividends, stock purchases or redemptions; or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
The MCA does not permit the limitation of a director’s liability as the DGCL does. However, the MCA provides that the corporation may indemnify directors and officers against liabilities incurred in the course of their duties and may purchase and maintain insurance against any liability incurred by the individual in their capacity as a director or officer. Further, the MCA provides that an officer or director is entitled to indemnity from a corporation in respect of all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with the defence of any civil, criminal or administrative action or proceeding to which he or she is made a party by reason of being or having been a director or officer of the corporation, if the person seeking indemnity (i) was substantially successful on the merits in his or her defence of the action or proceeding, and (ii) he or she acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the corporation, and in the case of a criminal or administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, he or she had reasonable grounds for believing that his or her conduct was lawful. A director may also limit his liability by having his dissent entered into the minutes in respect of a decision or, by resigning from the board.
Call and Notice of Shareholder Meetings
Under Delaware law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, written notice of any meeting of the stockholders must be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting not less than ten nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting and shall specify the place, date, hour, and purpose or purposes of the meeting.
Under the DGCL, an annual or special stockholder meeting is held on such date, at such time and at such place as may be designated by the board of directors or any other person authorized to call such meeting under the corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws. If an annual meeting for election of directors is not held on the date designated or an action by written consent to elect directors in lieu of an annual meeting has not been taken within 30 days after the date designated for the annual meeting, or if no date has been designated, for a period of 13 months after the later of the last annual meeting or the last action by written consent to elect directors in lieu of an annual meeting, the Delaware Court of Chancery may summarily order a meeting to be held upon the application of any stockholder or director.
Under the MCA, written notice of the shareholders must be given to each shareholder entitled to vote at the meeting not less than twenty-one nor more than fifty days before the date of the meeting and shall specify the place, date, hour and purpose or purposes of the meeting. Notice of a meeting of shareholders at which special business is to be transacted must state (a) the nature of that business in sufficient detail to permit the shareholder to form a reasoned judgment thereon, and (b) the text of any special resolution to be submitted to the meeting.
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Under the MCA, an annual meeting of shareholders must be held no later than fifteen months after holding the last preceding annual meeting but no later than six months after the end of the corporation’s preceding financial year. Under the MCA, the directors of a corporation may call a special meeting at any time. A corporation may apply to the court for an order extending the time for calling an annual meeting.
In addition, holders of not less than five percent of the issued shares of a corporation that carry the right to vote at a meeting sought to be held may requisition the directors to call a meeting of shareholders for the purposes stated in the requisition.
Shareholder Action by Written Consent
Under the DGCL, a majority of the stockholders of a corporation may act by written consent without a meeting unless such action is prohibited by the corporation’s certificate of incorporation.
Under the MCA, a written resolution signed by all the shareholders of a corporation who would have been entitled to vote on the resolution at a meeting is effective to approve the resolution.
Shareholder Nominations and Proposals
Under the MCA, a shareholder entitled to vote at a shareholders’ meeting may submit a shareholder proposal relating to matters which the shareholder wishes to propose and discuss at a shareholders’ meeting and, subject to certain exceptions, such shareholder’s compliance with the prescribed time periods and other requirements of the MCA pertaining to shareholder proposals, the corporation is required to include such proposal in the information circular pertaining to the meeting for which it solicits proxies. Notice of such a proposal must be provided to the corporation at least 90 days before the anniversary date of the last annual shareholders’ meeting.
In addition, the MCA requires that any shareholder proposal that includes nominations for the election of directors must be signed by one or more holders of shares representing in the aggregate not less than five percent of the shares or five percent of the shares of a class or series of shares of the corporation entitled to vote at the meeting to which the proposal is to be presented.
The DGCL does not have a comparable provision.
Amendment of Governing Instrument
Generally, under the DGCL, the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding stock entitled to vote is required to approve a proposed amendment to the certificate of incorporation, following the adoption of the amendment by the board of directors of the corporation, provided that the certificate of incorporation may provide for a greater vote. Under the DGCL, holders of outstanding shares of a class or series are entitled to vote separately on an amendment to the certificate of incorporation if the amendment would have certain consequences, including changes that adversely affect the rights and preferences of such class or series.
Under the DGCL, after a corporation has received any payment for any of its stock, the power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws shall be vested in the stockholders entitled to vote; provided, however, that any corporation nay, in its certificate of incorporation, provide that bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the board of directors. The fact that such power has been conferred upon the board of directors shall not divest the stockholders of the power nor limit their power to adopt, amend or repeal the bylaws.
Under the MCA, amendments to the articles of incorporation generally require the approval of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast by shareholders entitled to vote on the resolution. Specified amendments may also require the approval of other classes of shares. If the amendment is of a nature affecting a particular class or series in a manner requiring a separate class or series vote, that class or series is entitled to vote on the amendment whether or not it otherwise carries the right to vote.
Under the MCA, the directors may, by resolution, make, amend or repeal any bylaws that regulate the business or affairs of a corporation and they must submit the bylaw, amendment or repeal to the shareholders at the next meeting of shareholders, and the shareholders may confirm, reject or amend the bylaw, amendment or repeal.
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Votes on Mergers, Consolidations and Sales of Assets
The DGCL provides that, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws, the adoption of a merger agreement requires the approval of a majority of the outstanding stock of the corporation entitled to vote thereon.
Under the MCA, certain extraordinary corporate actions, such as amalgamations (other than with certain affiliated corporations), continuances and sales, leases or exchanges of the property of a corporation if as a result of such alienation the corporation would be unable to retain a significant part of its business activities, and other extraordinary corporate actions such as liquidations, dissolutions and (if ordered by a court) arrangements, are required to be approved by “special resolution” of the shareholders.
A “special resolution” is a resolution passed by not less than two-thirds of the votes cast by the shareholders who voted in respect of the resolution or signed by all shareholders entitled to vote on the resolution. In specified cases, a special resolution to approve the extraordinary corporate action is also required to be approved by the holders of a class or series of shares, including in certain cases a class or series of shares not otherwise carrying voting rights.
Dissenter’s Rights of Appraisal
Under the DGCL, a stockholder of a Delaware corporation generally has the right to dissent from a merger or consolidation in which the Delaware corporation is participating, subject to specified procedural requirements, including that such dissenting stockholder does not vote in favor of the merger or consolidation. However, the DGCL does not confer appraisal rights, in certain circumstances, including if the dissenting stockholder owns shares traded on a national securities exchange and will receive publicly traded shares in the merger or consolidation. Under the DGCL, a stockholder asserting appraisal rights does not receive any payment for his or her shares until the court determines the fair value or the parties otherwise agree to a value. The costs of the proceeding may be determined by the court and assessed against the parties as the court deems equitable under the circumstances.
Under the MCA, each of the following matters listed will entitle shareholders to exercise rights of dissent and to be paid the fair value of their shares: (i) any amalgamation with another corporation (other than with certain affiliated corporations), (ii) an amendment to the corporation’s articles to add, change or remove any provisions restricting or constraining the issue or transfer of that class of shares, (iii) an amendment to the corporation’s articles to add, change or remove any restriction upon the business or businesses that the corporation may carry on, (iv) a continuance under the laws of another jurisdiction, (v) a sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all the property of the corporation other than in the ordinary course of business, (vi) an amendment to the corporation’s articles to convert the corporation from a corporation with share capital into a corporation without share capital (or vice versa), (vii) where a court order permits a shareholder to dissent in connection with an application to the court for an order approving an arrangement, (viii) certain amendments to the articles of a corporation which require a separate class or series vote by a holder of shares of any class or series.
However, a shareholder is not entitled to dissent if an amendment to the articles is effected by a court order approving a reorganization or by a court order made in connection with an action for an oppression remedy, unless otherwise authorized by the court. The MCA provides these dissent rights for both listed and unlisted shares.
Under the MCA, a shareholder may, in addition to exercising dissent rights, seek an oppression remedy for any act or omission of a corporation which is oppressive or unfairly prejudicial to or that unfairly disregards a shareholder’s interests.
Oppression Remedy
The MCA provides an oppression remedy that enables a court to make any order, whether interim or final, to rectify matters that are oppressive or unfairly prejudicial to, or that unfairly disregards the interests of, any security holder, creditor, director or officer of the corporation if an application is made to a court by a “complainant”. An “complainant” with respect to a corporation means any of the following: (i) a registered holder or beneficial owner, and a former registered holder or beneficial owner, of a security of a corporation or any of its affiliates; (ii) a present or former officer or director of the corporation or any of its affiliates; (iii) the director appointed pursuant to the MCA; and (iv) any other person who in the discretion of the court has the interest to make the application.
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The oppression remedy provides the court with very broad and flexible powers to intervene in corporate affairs to protect shareholders and other complainants by making any interim or final order that it thinks fit including, without limiting the foregoing, (i) an order restraining the conduct complained of, (ii) an order appointing a receiver or receiver-manager, (iii) an order to regulate the corporation’s affairs by amending the articles or by-laws or creating or amending a unanimous shareholders agreement, (iv) an order directing an issue or exchange of securities, (v) an order appointing directors in place of or in addition to all or any of the directors then in office, (vi) an order directing a corporation, subject to certain restrictions, or any other person, to purchase securities of a security holder, (vii) an order directing the corporation, subject to certain restrictions, or any other person, to pay to a security holder any part of the moneys paid by him or her for securities, (viii) an order varying or setting aside a transaction or contract to which a corporation is a party and compensating the corporation or any other party to the transaction or contract, (ix) an order requiring the corporation, within a time specified by the court, to produce to the court or an interested person financial statements, (x) an order compensating an aggrieved person, or (xi) an order liquidating and dissolving the corporation. While conduct that is in breach of fiduciary duties of directors or that is contrary to the legal right of a complainant will normally trigger the court’s jurisdiction under the oppression remedy, the exercise of that jurisdiction does not depend on a finding of a breach of those legal and equitable rights. Furthermore, the court may order a corporation to pay the interim costs, including legal fees and disbursements, of an applicant seeking an oppression remedy, but the applicant may be held accountable for interim costs on final disposition of the complaint...The DGCL does not provide for a similar remedy.
Shareholder Derivative Actions
Under Delaware law, stockholders may bring derivative actions on behalf of, and for the benefit of, the corporation. The plaintiff in a derivative action on behalf of the corporation either must be or have been a stockholder of the corporation at the time of the transaction or must be a stockholder who became a stockholder by operation of law in the transaction regarding which the stockholder complains.
Under the MCA, a complainant may apply to a court for leave to bring an action in the name of, and on behalf of, the corporation or its subsidiary, or to intervene in an existing action to which the corporation or its subsidiary is a party, for the purpose of prosecuting, defending or discontinuing an action on behalf of the corporation or on behalf of its subsidiary. Under the MCA, no action may be brought and no intervention in an action may be made unless a court is satisfied that: (i) the complainant has given the required notice to the directors of the corporation or of the subsidiary, as applicable, of the shareholder’s intention to apply to the court if the directors do not bring, diligently prosecute or defend or discontinue the action; (ii) the complainant is acting in good faith; (iii) it appears to be in the best interests of the corporation or its subsidiary that the action be brought, prosecuted, defended or discontinued.
Under the MCA, the court in a derivative action may make any order it thinks fit including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, (i) an order authorizing the complainant or any other person to control the conduct of the action, (ii) an order giving directions for the conduct of the action, (iii) an order directing that any amount adjudged payable by a defendant in the action shall be paid, in whole or in part, directly to former and present security holders of the corporation or its subsidiary instead of to the corporation or its subsidiary, and (iv) an order requiring the corporation or its subsidiary to pay reasonable legal fees incurred by the complainant in connection with the action.
Anti-Takeover and Ownership Provisions
Unless an issuer opts out of the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL, Section 203 generally prohibits a public Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with a holder of 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock (as defined in Section 203), referred to as an interested stockholder, for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder, except as otherwise provided in Section 203. For these purposes, the term “business combination” includes mergers, assets sales and other similar transactions with an interested stockholder.
Rules and policies of certain Canadian securities regulatory authorities, including the Manitoba Securities Commission, such as Multilateral Instrument 61-101—Protection of Minority Security Holders in Special Transactions, or Multilateral Instrument 61-101, contain requirements in connection with, among other things, ‘related party transactions” and “business combinations”, including, among other things, any transaction by which an issuer directly or indirectly engages in the following with a related party: acquires, sells, leases or transfers an asset, acquires the related party, acquires or issues treasury securities, amends the terms of a security if the security is owned by the related party or assumes or becomes subject to a liability or takes certain other actions with respect to debt.
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Under Multilateral Instrument 61-101, the term “related party” includes directors, senior officers and holders of more than 10% of the voting rights attached to all outstanding voting securities of the issuer or holders of a sufficient number of any securities of the issuer to materially affect control of the issuer.
Multilateral Instrument 61-101 requires, subject to certain exceptions, the preparation of a formal valuation relating to certain aspects of the transaction and more detailed disclosure in the proxy material sent to security holders in connection with related party transaction including related to the valuation. Multilateral Instrument 61-101 also required, subject to certain exceptions, that an issuer not engage in a related party transaction unless the shareholders of the issuer, other than the related parties, approve the transaction by a simple majority of the votes cast.
Multilateral Instrument 62-104 provides that a take-over bid is triggered when a person makes “an offer to acquire voting securities or equity securities of a class made to one or more persons … where the securities subject to the offer to acquire, together with the offeror’s securities, constitute in the aggregate 20% or more of the outstanding securities of that class of securities at the date of the offer to acquire...” When a take-over bid is triggered, an offeror must comply with certain requirements. These include, among other things, making the offer of identical consideration to all holders of the class of security that is the subject of the bid; making a public announcement of the bid in a newspaper; and sending out a bid circular to security holders which explains the terms and conditions of the bid. Directors of an issuer whose securities are the subject of a take-over bid are required to evaluate the proposed bid and circulate a directors’ circular indicating whether they recommend to accept or reject the bid or are not making a recommendation regarding the bid. Strict timelines must be adhered to.
Multilateral Instrument 62-104 further requires that whenever a person acquires beneficial ownership of, or control or direction over, voting or equity securities of any class of a reporting issuer or securities convertible into voting or equity securities of any class of a reporting issuer that, together with the person’s securities of that class, would constitute 10% or more of the outstanding securities of that class, the person must file a press release announcing that fact and file an “early warning report” with applicable Canadian securities regulators. An additional news release and report must be filed at each instance the person acquires an additional 2% or more of the outstanding securities or securities convertible into 2% or more of the outstanding securities.
An “issuer bid” is defined in Multilateral Instrument 62-104 to be “an offer to acquire or redeem securities of an issuer made by the issuer to one or more persons.” Similar requirements to a takeover bid exist for issuer bids. Multilateral Instrument 62-104 also contains a number of exemptions to the take-over bid and issuer bid requirements
Other Important Provisions in our Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws
The following is a summary of certain important provisions of our articles of incorporation, as amended, and our bylaws, as amended. Please note that this is only a summary, is not intended to be exhaustive and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our articles of incorporation and bylaws. For further information, please refer to the full version of our articles of incorporation and bylaws, copies of which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Objects and Purposes of the Company
Our articles of incorporation do not contain and are not required to contain a description of our objects and purposes. There is no restriction contained in our articles of incorporation on the business that we may carry on.
Directors
Interested Transactions
The MCA states that a director must disclose to us, in accordance with the provisions of the MCA, the nature and extent of an interest that the director has in a material contract or material transaction, whether made or proposed, with us, if the director is a party to the contract or transaction, is a director or an officer or an individual acting in a similar capacity of a party to the contract or transaction, or has a material interest in a party to the contract or transaction.
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A director who holds an interest in respect of any material contract or transaction into which we have entered or propose to enter is not entitled to vote on any directors’ resolution to approve that contract or transaction, unless the contract or transaction:
| ● | relates primarily to the director’s remuneration as a director, officer, employee or agent of us or an affiliate; |
| ● | is for indemnity or insurance otherwise permitted under the MCA; or |
| ● | is with an affiliate. |
Remuneration of Directors
The MCA provides that the remuneration of our directors, if any, may be determined by our directors subject to our articles of incorporation and bylaws. That remuneration may be in addition to any salary or other remuneration paid to any of our employees who are also directors.
Age Limit Requirement
Neither our articles of incorporation nor the MCA impose any mandatory age-related retirement or non-retirement requirement for our directors.
Share Ownership
Neither our articles of incorporation nor the MCA provide that a director is required to hold any of our shares as a qualification for holding his or her office. Our board of directors has discretion to prescribe minimum share ownership requirements for directors.
Quorum
Under our bylaws, the quorum for the transaction of business at a meeting of our board of directors is a majority of the number of directors or the minimum number of directors required by our articles of incorporation or by a resolution of the shareholders.
Borrowing Powers
Pursuant to our bylaw relating to the borrowing powers of our directors, our board of directors may: (i) borrow money upon our credit in such amounts and on such terms as may be deemed expedient by obtaining loans or advances or by way of overdraft or otherwise; (ii) issue debentures or other securities; (iii) sell, pledge or hypothecate debentures or other securities in such amounts as may be deemed expedient; (iv) mortgage, hypothecate, give as security or as guaranty, any or all real property, whether movable or immovable, as well as other rights and undertakings, present or future, of our company, to secure any debenture or other assets, present or future, of our company or for the repayment of all or any money borrowed or to be borrowed or other obligations or liabilities, present or future, of our company.
Action Necessary to Change the Rights of Holders of Our Shares
Our shareholders can authorize the amendment of our articles of incorporation to create or vary the special rights or restrictions attached to any of our shares by passing a special resolution. However, a right or special right attached to any class or series of shares may not be prejudiced or interfered with unless the shareholders holding shares of that class or series to which the right or special right is attached consent by a separate special resolution. A special resolution means a resolution passed by: (1) a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast by the applicable class or series of shareholders who vote in person or by proxy at a meeting or (2) a resolution consented to in writing by all of the shareholders entitled to vote.
Shareholder Meetings
We must hold an annual general meeting of our shareholders at least once every year at a time and place determined by our board of directors, provided that the meeting must not be held later than 15 months after the preceding annual general meeting but no later than six months after the end of our preceding financial year. A meeting of our shareholders may be held anywhere in Canada, as provided in our bylaws or, at a place outside Canada if the place is specified in our articles or all the shareholders entitled to vote at the meeting agree that the meeting is to be held at that place.
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Our directors may, at any time, call a special meeting of our shareholders. Shareholders holding not less than 5% of our issued voting shares may also cause our directors to call a shareholders’ meeting.
A notice to convene a meeting, specifying the date, time and location of the meeting, and, where a meeting is to consider special business, the general nature of the special business, must be sent to shareholders, to each director and the auditor not less than 21 days prior to the meeting, although, as a result of applicable securities laws, the time for notice is effectively longer. Under the MCA, shareholders entitled to notice of a meeting may waive or reduce the period of notice for that meeting, provided applicable securities laws requirements are met. The accidental omission to send notice of any meeting of shareholders to, or the non-receipt of any notice by, any person entitled to notice does not invalidate any proceedings at that meeting.
A quorum for meetings under our bylaws, as amended in connection with this offering will be two persons present and holding, or represented by proxy, 25% of the issued shares entitled to be voted at the meeting. If a quorum is not present at the opening of the meeting, the shareholders may adjourn the meeting to a fixed time and place but may not transact any further business.
Holders of our outstanding common shares are entitled to attend meetings of our shareholders. Except as otherwise provided with respect to any particular series of preferred shares, and except as otherwise required by law, the holders of our preferred shares are not entitled as a class to receive notice of, or to attend or vote at any meetings of our shareholders. Our directors, our secretary (if any), our auditor and any other persons invited by our chairman or directors or with the consent of those at the meeting are entitled to attend at any meeting of our shareholders but will not be counted in the quorum or be entitled to vote at the meeting unless he or she is a shareholder or proxyholder entitled to vote at the meeting.
Director Nominations
Pursuant to our bylaw relating to the advance notice of nominations of directors, shareholders seeking to nominate candidates for election as directors other than pursuant to a proposal or requisition of shareholders made in accordance with the provisions of the MCA, must provide timely written notice to our corporate secretary. To be timely, a shareholder’s notice must be received (i) in the case of an annual meeting of shareholders, not less than 30 days prior to the date of the annual meeting of shareholders; provided, however, that in the event that the annual meeting of shareholders is to be held on a date that is less than 50 days after the date on which the first public announcement of the date of the annual meeting was made, notice by the shareholder must be received not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the date of such public announcement; and (ii) in the case of a special meeting (which is not also an annual meeting) of shareholders called for any purpose which includes the election of directors to the board of directors, not later than the close of business on the 15th day following the day on which the first public announcement of the date of the special meeting was made. This bylaw also prescribes the proper written form for a shareholder’s notice.
Impediments to Change of Control
Our articles of incorporation do not contain any change of control limitations with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring that involves us.
Compulsory Acquisition
The MCA provides that if, within 120 days after the date of a take-over bid made to shareholders of a corporation, the bid is accepted by the holders of not less than 90% of the shares (other than the shares held by the offeror or an affiliate of the offeror) of any class of shares to which the bid relates, the offeror is entitled to acquire (on the same terms on which the offeror acquired shares under the take-over bid) the shares held by those holders of shares of that class who did not accept the take-over bid. If a shareholder who did not accept the take-over bid (a dissenting offeree) does not receive an offeror’s notice, with respect to a compulsory acquisition (as described in the preceding sentence), that shareholder may require the offeror to acquire those shares on the same terms under which the offeror acquired (or will acquire) the shares owned by the shareholders who accepted the take-over bid.
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Ownership and Exchange Controls
Competition Act
Limitations on the ability to acquire and hold our common shares may be imposed by the Competition Act (Canada). This legislation establishes a pre-merger notification regime for certain types of merger transactions that exceed certain statutory shareholding and financial thresholds. Transactions that are subject to notification cannot be closed until the required materials are filed and the applicable statutory waiting period has expired or been waived by the Commissioner of Competition, or the Commissioner. Further, the Competition Act (Canada) permits the Commissioner to review any acquisition of control over or of a significant interest in us, whether or not it is subject to mandatory notification. This legislation grants the Commissioner jurisdiction, for up to one year, to challenge this type of acquisition before the Canadian Competition Tribunal if it would, or would be likely to, substantially prevent or lessen competition in any market in Canada.
Investment Canada Act
The Investment Canada Act requires notification and, in certain cases, advance review and approval by the Government of Canada of an investment to establish a new Canadian business by a non-Canadian or of the acquisition by a non-Canadian of “control” of a “Canadian business”, all as defined in the Investment Canada Act. Generally, the threshold for advance review and approval will be higher in monetary terms for a member of the World Trade Organization. The Investment Canada Act generally prohibits the implementation of such a reviewable transaction unless, after review, the relevant minister is satisfied that the investment is likely to be of net benefit to Canada.
The Investment Canada Act contains various rules to determine if there has been an acquisition of control. For example, for purposes of determining whether an investor has acquired control of a corporation by acquiring shares, the following general rules apply, subject to certain exceptions. The acquisition of a majority of the voting shares of a corporation is deemed to be acquisition of control of that corporation. The acquisition of less than a majority but one-third or more of the voting shares of a corporation is presumed to be an acquisition of control of that corporation unless it can be established that, on the acquisition, the corporation is not controlled in fact by the acquiror through the ownership of voting shares. The acquisition of less than one-third of the voting shares of a corporation is deemed not to be acquisition of control of that corporation.
In addition, under the Investment Canada Act, national security review on a discretionary basis may also be undertaken by the federal government in respect of a much broader range of investments by a non-Canadian to “acquire, in whole or in part, or to establish an entity carrying on all or any part of its operations in Canada, with the relevant test being whether such an investment by a non-Canadian could be “injurious to national security.” The Minister of Industry has broad discretion to determine whether an investor is a non-Canadian and therefore may be subject to national security review. Review on national security grounds is at the discretion of the federal government and may occur on a pre- or post-closing basis.
See “Material United States and Canadian Income Tax Considerations—U.S. Federal Income Taxation Considerations” for additional information regarding the material U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the ownership and disposition of our common shares by U.S. Holders (as defined thereto).
Any of these provisions may discourage a potential acquirer from proposing or completing a transaction that may have otherwise presented a premium to our shareholders. We cannot predict whether investors will find our company and our common shares less attractive because we are governed by foreign laws.
Listing
We plan to apply to list our common shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “LITM”.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
Upon the closing of this offering, the transfer agent and registrar for our common shares in the United States will be Vstock Transfer, LLC. The address for VStock Transfer, LLC is 18 Lafayette Place, Woodmere, New York, 11598, and the telephone number is 212 828-8436.
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Before this offering, there has not been a public market for shares of our common shares. Future sales of substantial amounts of common shares, including shares issued upon the conversion of convertible notes, the exercise of outstanding options and warrants, in the public market after this offering, or the possibility of these sales occurring, could cause the prevailing market price for our common shares to fall or impair our ability to raise equity capital in the future.
Immediately following the closing of this offering, we will have [ ] common shares issued and outstanding. In the event the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full, we will have [ ] common shares issued and outstanding. The common shares sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration or qualification under the Securities Act.
Previously issued common shares that were not offered and sold in this offering, as well as shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants and subject to employee stock options, are or will be upon issuance, “restricted securities,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. These restricted securities are eligible for public sale only if such public resale is registered under the Securities Act or if the resale qualifies for an exemption from registration under Rule 144 or Rule 701 under the Securities Act, which are summarized below.
Rule 144
In general, a person who has beneficially owned restricted common shares for at least twelve months, or at least six months in the event we have been a reporting company under the Exchange Act for at least ninety (90) days before the sale, would be entitled to sell such securities, provided that such person is not deemed to be an affiliate of ours at the time of sale or to have been an affiliate of ours at any time during the ninety (90) days preceding the sale. A person who is an affiliate of ours at such time would be subject to additional restrictions, by which such person would be entitled to sell within any three-month period only a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of the following:
| ● | 1% of the number of common shares then outstanding; or |
| ● | 1% of the average weekly trading volume of our common shares during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing by such person of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale; |
provided that, in each case, we are subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act for at least 90 days before the sale. Rule 144 trades must also comply with the manner of sale, notice and other provisions of Rule 144, to the extent applicable.
Rule 701
In general, Rule 701 allows a shareholder who purchased shares pursuant to a written compensatory plan or contract and who is not deemed to have been an affiliate of ours during the immediately preceding 90 days to sell those shares in reliance upon Rule 144, but without being required to comply with the public information, holding period, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144. All holders of Rule 701 shares, however, are required to wait until ninety (90) days after the date of this prospectus before selling shares pursuant to Rule 701.
Lock-Up Agreements
We, all of our directors and officers and all of our shareholders have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell, transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of our common shares or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common shares for a period of (i) 180 days after the closing of this offering in the case of our company, (ii) 12 months after the date of this prospectus in the case of our directors and officers, and (iii) 180 days after the date of this prospectus in the case of our shareholders. See “Underwriting—Lock-Up Agreements.”
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MATERIAL UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
Canadian Income Tax Considerations
The following summary describes, as of the date hereof, the material Canadian federal income tax considerations generally applicable to a purchaser who acquires, as a beneficial owner, common shares pursuant to this prospectus and who, at all relevant times, for the purposes of the application of the Income Tax Act (Canada) and the Income Tax Regulations (which we collectively refer to as the Canadian Tax Act), (i) is not, and is not deemed to be, resident in Canada for purposes of the Canadian Tax Act and any applicable income tax treaty or convention; (ii) deals at arm’s length with us; (iii) is not affiliated with us; (iv) does not use or hold, and is not deemed to use or hold, common shares in a business or part of a business carried on in Canada; (v) has not entered into, with respect to the common shares, a “derivative forward agreement”, as that term is defined in the Canadian Tax Act and (vi) holds the common shares as capital property (which we refer to as a Non-Canadian Holder). This summary does not apply to a Non-Canadian Holder that is an insurer carrying on an insurance business in Canada and elsewhere or an “authorized foreign bank”, as that term is defined in the Canadian Tax Act. Such Non-Canadian Holders should consult their tax advisors for advice having regards to their particular circumstances.
This summary is based on the current provisions of the Canadian Tax Act, and an understanding of the current administrative policies of the Canada Revenue Agency published in writing prior to the date hereof. It takes into account all specific proposals to amend the Canadian Tax Act and the Canada-United States Tax Convention (1980), as amended, or the Canada-U.S. Tax Treaty, publicly announced by or on behalf of the Minister of Finance (Canada) prior to the date hereof (which we refer to as the Proposed Amendments) and assumes that all Proposed Amendments will be enacted in the form proposed. However, no assurances can be given that the Proposed Amendments will be enacted as proposed, or at all. This summary does not otherwise take into account or anticipate any changes in law or administrative policy or assessing practice whether by legislative, regulatory, administrative or judicial action nor does it take into account tax legislation or considerations of any province, territory or foreign jurisdiction, which may differ from those discussed herein.
This summary is of a general nature only and is not, and is not intended to be, legal or tax advice to any particular shareholder, and no representations with respect to the income tax consequences to any particular shareholder are made. This summary is not exhaustive of all Canadian federal income tax considerations. Accordingly, you should consult your own tax advisor with respect to your particular circumstances.
Generally, for purposes of the Canadian Tax Act, all amounts relating to the acquisition, holding or disposition of the common shares must be converted into Canadian dollars based on the exchange rates as determined in accordance with the Canadian Tax Act. The amount of any dividends, capital gains or capital losses realized by a Non-Canadian Holder may be affected by fluctuations in the Canadian exchange rate.
Dividends
Dividends paid or credited on the common shares or deemed to be paid or credited on the common shares to a Non-Canadian Holder will be subject to Canadian withholding tax at the rate of 25%, subject to any reduction in the rate of withholding to which the Non-Canadian Holder is entitled under any applicable income tax treaty or convention between Canada and the country in which the Non-Canadian Holder is resident. For example, under the Canada-U.S. Tax Treaty, where dividends on the common shares are considered to be paid to or derived by a Non-Canadian Holder that is a beneficial owner of the dividends and is a U.S. resident for the purposes of, and is entitled to benefits of, the Canada-U.S. Tax Treaty, the applicable rate of Canadian withholding tax is generally reduced to 15% (or 5% in the case of a U.S. Holder that is a corporation beneficially owning at least 10% of all of the issued voting shares). We will be required to withhold the applicable withholding tax from any dividend and remit it to the Canadian government for the Non-Canadian Holder’s account. Non-Canadian Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors to determine their entitlement to relief under an applicable income tax treaty.
Dispositions
A Non-Canadian Holder will not be subject to tax under the Canadian Tax Act on any capital gain realized on a disposition or deemed disposition of a common share, nor will capital losses arising therefrom be recognized under the Canadian Tax Act, unless (i) the common shares are “taxable Canadian property” to the Non-Canadian Holder for purposes of the Canadian Tax Act at the time of disposition; and (ii) the Non-Canadian Holder is not entitled to relief under an applicable income tax treaty or convention between Canada and the country in which the Non-Canadian Holder is resident.
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Generally, the common shares will not constitute “taxable Canadian property” to a Non-Canadian Holder at a particular time provided that the common shares are listed at that time on a “designated stock exchange” (as defined in the Canadian Tax Act), which includes Nasdaq unless at any particular time during the 60-month period that ends at that time:
| ● | at least 25% of the issued shares of any class or series of our capital stock was owned by or belonged to any combination of (a) the Non-Canadian Holder, (b) persons with whom the Non-Canadian Holder does not deal at arm’s length, and (c) partnerships in which the Non-Canadian Holder or a person described in (b) holds a membership interest directly or indirectly through one or more partnerships, and |
| ● | more than 50% of the fair market value of the common shares was derived, directly or indirectly, from one or any combination of : (i) real or immoveable property situated in Canada, (ii) “Canadian resource properties” (as that term is defined in the Canadian Tax Act), (iii) “timber resource properties” (as that term is defined in the Canadian Tax Act) and (iv) options in respect of, or interests in, or for civil law rights in, property in any of the foregoing whether or not the property exists. |
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in certain circumstances, common shares could be deemed to be “taxable Canadian property.”
A Non-Canadian Holder’s capital gain (or capital loss) of a disposition or deemed disposition of common shares that constitute or are deemed to constitute taxable Canadian property (and are not “treaty-protected property” as defined in the Canadian Tax Act) generally will be computed and taxed as though the Canadian Holder were a Resident Holder. Such Non-Canadian Holder may be required to report the disposition or deemed disposition of common shares by filing a tax return in accordance with the Canadian Tax Act. Non-Canadian Holders whose common shares may be taxable Canadian property should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax and compliance considerations that may be relevant to them.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation Considerations
The following discussion describes the material U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the ownership and disposition of common shares by U.S. Holders (as defined below). This discussion applies to U.S. Holders that purchase our common shares pursuant to this prospectus and hold such common shares as capital assets. This discussion is based on the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, U.S. Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, all as in effect on the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. This discussion does not address all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to specific U.S. Holders in light of their particular circumstances or to U.S. Holders subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax law (such as certain financial institutions, insurance companies, broker-dealers and traders in securities or other persons that generally mark their securities to market for U.S. federal income tax purposes, tax-exempt entities, retirement plans, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, certain former citizens or residents of the United States, persons who hold our common shares as part of a “straddle”, “hedge”, “conversion transaction”, “synthetic security” or integrated investment, persons that have a “functional currency” other than the U.S. dollar, persons that own directly, indirectly or through attribution 10% or more of the voting power of our shares, corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax, persons subject to special tax accounting rules under Section 451(b) of the Code, partnerships and other pass-through entities, and investors in such pass-through entities). This discussion does not address any U.S. state or local or non-U.S. tax consequences or any U.S. federal estate, gift or alternative minimum tax consequences.
As used in this discussion, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of our common shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation (or entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia, (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source or (iv) a trust (x) with respect to which a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions or (y) that has elected under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a domestic trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
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If an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common shares, the U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to an investment in our common shares will depend in part upon the status and activities of such entity and the particular partner. Any such entity should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to it and its partners of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common shares. Persons considering an investment in our common shares should consult their own tax advisors as to the particular tax consequences applicable to them relating to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common shares, including the applicability of U.S. federal, state and local tax laws and non-U.S. tax laws.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Consequences
In general, a corporation organized outside the United States will be treated as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for any taxable year in which either (1) at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income” or (2) on average at least 50% of its assets, determined on a quarterly basis, are assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. Passive income for this purpose generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, royalties, rents, and gains from the sale or exchange of property that gives rise to passive income. Assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income generally include cash, even if held as working capital or raised in a public offering, marketable securities, and other assets that may produce passive income. Generally, in determining whether a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC, a proportionate share of the income and assets of each corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, at least a 25% interest (by value) is taken into account.
Although we do not believe that we were a PFIC for the year ending June 30, 2020, our determination is based on an interpretation of complex provisions of the law, which are not addressed in a significant number of administrative pronouncements or rulings by the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our conclusions regarding our status as a PFIC for the 2020 taxable year will not be challenged by the IRS and, if challenged, upheld in appropriate proceedings. In addition, because PFIC status is determined on an annual basis and generally cannot be determined until the end of the taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year. Because we may continue to hold a substantial amount of cash and cash equivalents, and because the calculation of the value of our assets may be based in part on the value of our common shares, which may fluctuate considerably, we may be a PFIC in future taxable years. Even if we determine that we are not a PFIC for a taxable year, there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with our conclusion and that the IRS would not successfully challenge our position. Our status as a PFIC is a fact-intensive determination made on an annual basis.
If we are a PFIC in any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder owns our common shares, the U.S. Holder could be liable for additional taxes and interest charges under the “PFIC excess distribution regime” upon (1) a distribution paid during a taxable year that is greater than 125% of the average annual distributions paid in the three preceding taxable years, or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for our common shares, and (2) any gain recognized on a sale, exchange or other disposition, including a pledge, of our common shares, whether or not we continue to be a PFIC. Under the PFIC excess distribution regime, the tax on such distribution or gain would be determined by allocating the distribution or gain ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for our common shares. The amount allocated to the current taxable year (i.e., the year in which the distribution occurs or the gain is recognized) and any year prior to the first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income earned in the current taxable year. The amount allocated to other taxable years will be taxed at the highest marginal rates in effect for individuals or corporations, as applicable, to ordinary income for each such taxable year, and an interest charge, generally applicable to underpayments of tax, will be added to the tax.
If we are a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds our common shares, we must generally continue to be treated as a PFIC by that holder for all succeeding years during which the U.S. Holder holds our common shares, unless we cease to meet the requirements for PFIC status and the U.S. Holder makes a “deemed sale” election with respect to our common shares. If the election is made, the U.S. Holder will be deemed to sell our common shares it holds at their fair market value on the last day of the last taxable year in which we qualified as a PFIC, and any gain recognized from such deemed sale would be taxed under the PFIC excess distribution regime. After the deemed sale election, the U.S. Holder’s common shares would not be treated as shares of a PFIC unless we subsequently become a PFIC.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds our common shares and one of our non-U.S. corporate subsidiaries is also a PFIC (i.e., a lower-tier PFIC), such U.S. Holder would be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC and would be taxed under the PFIC excess distribution regime on distributions by the lower-tier PFIC and on gain from the disposition of shares of the lower-tier PFIC even though such U.S. Holder would not receive the proceeds of those distributions or dispositions. Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult its tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to our non-U.S. subsidiaries.
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If we are a PFIC, a U.S. Holder will not be subject to tax under the PFIC excess distribution regime on distributions or gain recognized on our common shares if such U.S. Holder makes a valid “mark-to-market” election for our common shares. A mark-to-market election is available to a U.S. Holder only for “marketable stock”.
Our common shares will be marketable stock as long as they remain listed on Nasdaq and are regularly traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. If a mark-to-market election is in effect, a U.S. Holder generally would take into account, as ordinary income each year, the excess of the fair market value of our common shares held at the end of such taxable year over the adjusted tax basis of such common shares. The U.S. Holder would also take into account, as an ordinary loss each year, the excess of the adjusted tax basis of such our common shares over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year, but only to the extent of the excess of amounts previously included in income over ordinary losses deducted as a result of the mark-to-market election. The U.S. Holder’s tax basis in our common shares would be adjusted to reflect any income or loss recognized as a result of the mark-to-market election. Any gain from a sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares in any taxable year in which we are a PFIC would be treated as ordinary income and any loss from such sale, exchange or other disposition would be treated first as ordinary loss (to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains previously included in income) and thereafter as capital loss.
A mark-to-market election will not apply to our common shares for any taxable year during which we are not a PFIC, but will remain in effect with respect to any subsequent taxable year in which we become a PFIC. Such election will not apply to any non-U.S. subsidiaries that we may organize or acquire in the future. Accordingly, a U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to tax under the PFIC excess distribution regime with respect to any lower-tier PFICs that we may organize or acquire in the future notwithstanding the U.S. Holder’s mark-to-market election for our common shares.
The tax consequences that would apply if we are a PFIC would also be different from those described above if a U.S. Holder were able to make a valid qualified electing fund, or QEF, election. At this time, we do not expect to provide U.S. Holders with the information necessary for a U.S. Holder to make a QEF election. Consequently, prospective investors should assume that a QEF election will not be available.
Each U.S. person that is an investor of a PFIC is generally required to file an annual information return on IRS Form 8621 containing such information as the U.S. Treasury Department may require. The failure to file IRS Form 8621 could result in the imposition of penalties and the extension of the statute of limitations with respect to U.S. federal income tax.
The U.S. federal income tax rules relating to PFICs are very complex. Prospective U.S. investors are strongly urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the impact of PFIC status on the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common shares, the consequences to them of an investment in a PFIC, any elections available with respect to our common shares and the IRS information reporting obligations with respect to the purchase, ownership and disposition of the common shares of a PFIC.
Distributions
Subject to the discussion above under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Consequences”, a U.S. Holder that receives a distribution with respect to our common shares generally will be required to include the gross amount of such distribution in gross income as a dividend when actually or constructively received to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s pro rata share of our current and/or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). To the extent a distribution received by a U.S. Holder is not a dividend because it exceeds the U.S. Holder’s pro rata share of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, it will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital and reduce (but not below zero) the adjusted tax basis of the U.S. Holder’s common shares. To the extent the distribution exceeds the adjusted tax basis of the U.S. Holder’s common shares, the remainder will be taxed as capital gain. Because we may not account for our earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. federal income tax principles, U.S. Holders should expect all distributions to be reported to them as dividends. Distributions on our common shares that are treated as dividends generally will constitute income from sources outside the United States for foreign tax credit purposes and generally will constitute passive category income. Such dividends will not be eligible for the “dividends received” deduction generally allowed to corporate shareholders with respect to dividends received from U.S. corporations.
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A U.S. Holder receiving a distribution from which the 25% Canadian withholding tax (as described above in “Canadian Income Tax Considerations – Dividends”) has been deducted may be entitled to a foreign tax credit in determining the U.S. Holder’s federal income tax liability for the year in which the distribution is received. The availability of a full or partial foreign tax credit in respect of such Canadian withholding tax is determined under rules of considerable complexity, and the foreign tax credit may not be available in all cases. Prospective U.S. investors are strongly urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the availability of the foreign tax credit with respect to distributions received from which Canadian tax has been withheld at source.
Dividends paid by a “qualified foreign corporation” are eligible for taxation for certain non-corporate U.S. Holders at a reduced capital gains rate rather than the marginal tax rates generally applicable to ordinary income provided that certain requirements are met. However, if we are a PFIC for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year (see discussion above under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Consequences”), we will not be treated as a qualified foreign corporation, and therefore the reduced capital gains tax rate described above will not apply. Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult its tax advisors regarding the availability of the reduced tax rate on dividends with regard to its particular circumstances.
A non-United States corporation (other than a corporation that is classified as a PFIC for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year) generally will be considered to be a qualified foreign corporation (a) if it is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States which the Secretary of Treasury of the United States determines is satisfactory for purposes of this provision and which includes an exchange of information provision, or (b) with respect to any dividend it pays on our common shares that are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. We believe that we qualify as a resident of Canada for purposes of, and are eligible for the benefits of, the U.S.-Canada Treaty, although there can be no assurance in this regard. Further, the IRS has determined that the U.S.-Canada Treaty is satisfactory for purposes of the qualified dividend rules and that it includes an exchange of information provision. Therefore, subject to the discussion above under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Consequences”, if the U.S.-Canada Treaty is applicable, such dividends will generally be “qualified dividend income” in the hands of individual U.S. Holders, provided that certain conditions are met, including holding period and the absence of certain risk reduction transactions.
Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of our Common Shares
Subject to the discussion above under “—Passive Foreign Investment Company Consequences”, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of our common shares in an amount equal to the difference, if any, between the amount realized (i.e., the amount of cash plus the fair market value of any property received) on the sale, exchange or other disposition and such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in our common shares. Such capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain taxable at a reduced rate for noncorporate U.S. Holders or long-term capital loss if, on the date of sale, exchange or other disposition, our common shares were held by the U.S. Holder for more than one year. Any capital gain of a non-corporate U.S. Holder that is not long-term capital gain is taxed at ordinary income rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any gain or loss recognized from the sale or other disposition of our common shares will generally be gain or loss from sources within the United States for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes.
Medicare Tax
Certain U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates or trusts and whose income exceeds certain thresholds generally are subject to a 3.8% tax on all or a portion of their net investment income, which may include their gross dividend income and net gains from the disposition of our common shares. If you are a United States person that is an individual, estate or trust, you are encouraged to consult your tax advisors regarding the applicability of this Medicare tax to your income and gains in respect of your investment in our common shares.
Information Reporting
U.S. Holders may be required to file certain U.S. information reporting returns with the IRS with respect to an investment in our common shares, including, among others, IRS Form 8938 (Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets). As described above under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Consequences”, each U.S. Holder who is a shareholder of a PFIC must file an annual report containing certain information. U.S. Holders paying more than US$100,000 for our common shares may be required to file IRS Form 926 (Return by a U.S. Transferor of Property to a Foreign Corporation) reporting this payment. Substantial penalties may be imposed upon a U.S. Holder that fails to comply with the required information reporting.
U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the information reporting rules.
EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR ABOUT THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO IT OF AN INVESTMENT IN COMMON SHARES IN LIGHT OF THE INVESTOR’S OWN CIRCUMSTANCES.
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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We were incorporated under the laws of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. All of our directors and officers, as well as the certain experts named in the “Experts” section of this prospectus, reside outside of the United States. Service of process upon such persons may be difficult or impossible to effect within the United States. Furthermore, because a substantial portion of our assets, and substantially all the assets of our directors and officers and the Canadian experts named herein, are located outside of the United States, any judgment obtained in the United States, including a judgment based upon the civil liability provisions of United States federal securities laws, against us or any of such persons may not be collectible within the United States. In addition, it may be difficult for an investor, or any other person or entity, to assert United States securities laws claims in original actions instituted in Canada. The Supreme Court of Canada has repeatedly affirmed that the requirements to enforce a foreign judgment are as follows:
| ● | the judgment of the foreign court must be final and conclusive; |
| ● | the court granting the foreign judgment must have had jurisdiction over the parties and the cause of action; |
| ● | the action to enforce a foreign judgment must have been commenced within applicable limitation periods; |
| ● | the judgment is not contrary to the law, public policy, security or sovereignty of Canada and its enforcement is not incompatible with Canadian concepts of justice or contrary to the laws governing enforcement of judgments; and |
| ● | the judgment was not obtained by fraud and does not conflict with any other valid judgment in the same matter between the same parties; |
Foreign judgments enforced by Canadian courts generally will be payable in Canadian dollars. A Canadian court hearing an action to recover an amount in a non-Canadian currency will render judgment for the equivalent amount in Canadian currency.
Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc., located at 122 East 42th Street, 18th Floor, New York, N.Y. 10168.
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ThinkEquity, a division of Fordham Financial Management, Inc., is the representative for the several underwriters of this offering, or the representative. We have entered into an underwriting agreement dated [ ], 2021, with the underwriters named below. Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, and each underwriter has agreed, severally and not jointly, to purchase, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the number of common shares at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the number of shares listed next to its name in the following table:
| Underwriter | Number of Shares | |||
| ThinkEquity, a division of Fordham Financial Management, Inc. | ||||
| Total |
The underwriters are committed to purchase all common shares offered by us other than those covered by the over-allotment option described below, if any are purchased. The obligations of the underwriters may be terminated upon the occurrence of certain events specified in the underwriting agreement. Furthermore, the underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the common shares offered by us in this prospectus are subject to various representations and warranties and other customary conditions specified in the underwriting agreement, such as receipt by the representative of officers’ certificates and legal opinions.
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect thereof.
The underwriters are offering the common shares subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject to approval of legal matters by its counsel and other conditions specified in the underwriting agreement. The underwriters reserve the right to withdraw, cancel or modify offers to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part.
We have granted the underwriters an over-allotment option. This option, which is exercisable for up to 45 days after the date of this prospectus, permits the underwriters to purchase up to an aggregate of [ ] additional common shares (equal to 15% of the common shares sold in this offering) at the public offering price per share, less underwriting discounts and commissions, solely to cover over-allotments, if any. If the underwriters exercise this option in whole or in part, then the underwriters will be committed, subject to the conditions described in the underwriting agreement, to purchase the additional common shares in proportion to their respective commitments set forth in the prior table.
Discounts, Commissions and Reimbursement
The representative has advised us that the underwriters propose to offer the shares to the public at the initial public offering price per share set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. The underwriters may offer shares to securities dealers at that price less a concession of not more than $[ ] per share of which up to $[ ] per share may be reallowed to other dealers. After the initial offering to the public, the public offering price and other selling terms may be changed by the representative.
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The following table summarizes the underwriting discounts and commissions, non-accountable underwriters’ expense allowance and proceeds, before expenses, to us assuming both no exercise and full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option:
| Total | ||||||||||||
| Per Share | Offering without Over-Allotment Option | Offering with Over-Allotment Option | ||||||||||
| Public offering price | US$ | US$ | US$ | |||||||||
| Underwriting discounts and commissions (7.5%) | ||||||||||||
| Non-accountable expense allowance (1%) | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds, before expenses, to us | US$ | US$ | US$ | |||||||||
We have agreed to pay an expense deposit of $50,000 to the representative of the underwriters upon execution of an engagement letter relating to this offering (the “Advance”), which will be applied against the actual out-of-pocket accountable expenses that will be incurred by the underwriters in connection with this offering, and will be reimbursed to us to the extent not incurred, of which $[ ] has been paid as of the date hereof.
In addition, we have also agreed to pay the following expenses of the underwriters relating to the offering: (a) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to background checks of our officers and directors in an amount not to exceed $15,000 in the aggregate; (b) all filing fees and communication expenses associated with the review of this offering by FINRA; (c) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration, qualification or exemption of securities offered under the securities laws of foreign jurisdictions designated by the underwriter, including the reasonable fees and expenses of the underwriter’s blue sky counsel; (d) $29,500 for the underwriters’ use of Ipreo’s book-building, prospectus tracking and compliance software for this offering; (e) the costs associated with bound volumes of the public offering materials as well as commemorative mementos and lucite tombstones, (f) the fees and expenses of the representatives’ legal counsel incurred in connection with this offering in an amount up to $125,000; (g) the $29,500 cost associated with the use of Ipreo’s book building, prospectus tracking and compliance software for this offering; (h) $10,000 for data services and communications expenses; and (i) up to $30,000 of the representative’s actual accountable road show expenses for the offering.
We estimate that the total expenses of this offering payable by us, not including underwriting discounts, commissions and expenses, will be approximately $[ ].
Representative’s Warrants
Upon the closing of this offering, we have agreed to issue to the representative warrants to purchase a number of common shares equal in the aggregate to 5% of the total shares sold in this public offering (the “Representative’s Warrants”). The Representative’s Warrants will be exercisable at a per share exercise price equal to 125% of the public offering price per share sold in this offering. The Representative’s Warrants are exercisable at any time and from time to time, in whole or in part, during the four-and-½-year period commencing six months after the effective date of the registration statement related to this offering. The Representative’s Warrants also provide for one demand registration right of the shares underlying the Representative’s Warrants, and unlimited “piggyback” registration rights with respect to the registration of the shares of common stock underlying the Representative’s Warrants and customary antidilution provisions. The demand registration right provided will not be greater than five years from the effective date of the registration statement related to this offering in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(C). The piggyback registration right provided will not be greater than seven years from the effective date of the registration statement related to this offering in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(D).
The Representative’s Warrants and the shares of common stock underlying the Representative’s Warrants have been deemed compensation by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, and are therefore subject to a 180-day lock-up pursuant to Rule 5110(e)(1) of FINRA. The representative, or permitted assignees under such rule, may not sell, transfer, assign, pledge, or hypothecate the Representative’s Warrants or the securities underlying the Representative’s Warrants, nor will the representative engage in any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of the Representative’s Warrants or the underlying shares for a period of 180 days from the effective date of the registration statement. Additionally, the Representative’s Warrants may not be sold transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated for a 180-day period following the effective date of the registration statement except to any underwriter and selected dealer participating in the offering and their bona fide officers or partners. The Representative’s Warrants will provide for adjustment in the number and price of the Representative’s Warrants and the shares of common stock underlying such Representative’s Warrants in the event of recapitalization, merger, stock split or other structural transaction, or a future financing undertaken by us.
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Right of First Refusal
Until twelve (12) months from the closing of this offering, the representative shall have an irrevocable right of first refusal to act as sole investment banker, sole book-runner, sole financial advisor, sole underwriter and/or sole placement agent, at the representative’s sole discretion, for each and every future public and private equity offerings for our company, or any successor to or any subsidiary of our company, including all equity linked financings, on terms customary to the representative. The representative shall have the sole right to determine whether or not any other broker-dealer shall have the right to participate in any such offering and the economic terms of any such participation. The representative will not have more than one opportunity to waive or terminate the right of first refusal in consideration of any such transaction.
Discretionary Accounts
The underwriters do not intend to confirm sales of the securities offered hereby to any accounts over which they have discretionary authority.
Lock-Up Agreements
We agreed that for a period of 180 days after the closing of this offering we will not, without the prior written consent of the representative and subject to certain exceptions, directly or indirectly:
| ● | offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any common shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common shares; |
| ● | file or caused to be filed any registration statement with SEC relating to the offering of any common shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common shares; |
| ● | complete any offering of our debt securities, other than entering into a line of credit with a traditional bank; or |
| ● | enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common shares, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of common shares or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. |
In addition, each of our directors, officers and shareholders, including our majority shareholder, Nova Minerals, have agreed that for a period of (i) 12 months after the date of this prospectus in the case of our directors and officers and (ii) 180 days after the date of this prospectus in the case of our shareholders, without the prior written consent of the representative and subject to certain exceptions, they will not directly or indirectly:
| ● | offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, grant, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of our common shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common shares; |
| ● | enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common shares, whether any such transaction is to be settled by delivery of common shares or such other securities, in cash or otherwise; |
| ● | make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any common shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common shares; or |
| ● | publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge or disposition, or to enter into any transaction, swap, hedge or other arrangement relating to any common shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common shares. |
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Electronic Offer, Sale and Distribution of Securities
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the websites maintained by the underwriters or selling group members. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of securities to selling group members for sale to its online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the underwriters and selling group members that will make internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on these websites is not part of, nor incorporated by reference into, this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved or endorsed by us, and should not be relied upon by investors.
Stabilization
In connection with this offering, the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate-covering transactions, penalty bids and purchases to cover positions created by short sales.
Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase shares so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum, and are engaged in for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the shares while this offering is in progress.
Over-allotment transactions involve sales by the underwriters of common shares in excess of the number of common shares the underwriters are obligated to purchase. This creates a syndicate short position which may be either a covered short position or a naked short position. In a covered short position, the number of common shares over-allotted by the underwriters are not greater than the number of common shares that they may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the number of common shares involved is greater than the number of common shares in the over-allotment option. The underwriters may close out any short position by exercising their over-allotment option and/or purchasing common shares in the open market.
Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of common shares in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. In determining the source of common shares to close out the short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of common shares available for purchase in the open market as compared with the price at which it may purchase common shares through exercise of the over-allotment option. If the underwriters sell more common shares than could be covered by exercise of the over-allotment option and, therefore, have a naked short position, the position can be closed out only by buying common shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that after pricing there could be downward pressure on the price of the common shares in the open market that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering.
Penalty bids permit an underwriter to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when the common shares originally sold by that syndicate member are purchased in stabilizing or syndicate covering transactions to cover syndicate short positions.
These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common shares or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common shares. As a result, the price of our common shares in the open market may be higher than it would otherwise be in the absence of these transactions. Neither we nor the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our common shares. These transactions may be effected in the over-the-counter market or otherwise and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
Passive Market Making
In connection with this offering, underwriters and selling group members may engage in passive market making transactions in our common shares on Nasdaq in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M under the Exchange Act, during a period before the commencement of offers or sales of the securities and extending through the completion of the distribution. A passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid of that security. However, if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, then that bid must then be lowered when specified purchase limits are exceeded.
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Other Relationships
The underwriters and their affiliates may in the future provide various investment banking, commercial banking and other financial services for us and our affiliates for which they may in the future receive customary fees.
Offer Restrictions Outside The United States
Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.
Australia
This prospectus is not a disclosure document under Chapter 6D of the Australian Corporations Act, has not been lodged with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission and does not purport to include the information required of a disclosure document under Chapter 6D of the Australian Corporations Act. Accordingly, (i) the offer of the securities under this prospectus is only made to persons to whom it is lawful to offer the securities without disclosure under Chapter 6D of the Australian Corporations Act under one or more exemptions set out in section 708 of the Australian Corporations Act, (ii) this prospectus is made available in Australia only to those persons as set forth in clause (i) above, and (iii) the offeree must be sent a notice stating in substance that by accepting this offer, the offeree represents that the offeree is such a person as set forth in clause (i) above, and, unless permitted under the Australian Corporations Act, agrees not to sell or offer for sale within Australia any of the securities sold to the offeree within 12 months after its transfer to the offeree under this prospectus.
China
The information in this document does not constitute a public offer of the securities, whether by way of sale or subscription, in the People’s Republic of China (excluding, for purposes of this paragraph, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macau Special Administrative Region and Taiwan). The securities may not be offered or sold directly or indirectly in the PRC to legal or natural persons other than directly to “qualified domestic institutional investors.”
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European Economic Area — Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg and Netherlands
The information in this document has been prepared on the basis that no offers of securities will be in member states (“Member State”) of the European Economic Area (the “EEA”)other than:
| ● | to legal entities that are qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Regulation; |
| ● | to fewer than 150 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors within the meaning of the Prospectus Regulation) subject to obtaining the prior consent of our company or any underwriter for any such offer; or |
| ● | in any other circumstances falling within Article 1(4) of the Prospectus Regulation, provided that no such offer of securities shall result in a requirement for the publication by us of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive. |
This prospectus has been prepared on the basis that any offer of common shares in any Member State of the EEA will be made pursuant to an exemption under the Prospectus Regulation from the requirement to publish a prospectus for offers of shares. Accordingly any person making or intending to make an offer in that Member State of shares of our common stock which are the subject of the offering contemplated in this prospectus supplement may only do so in circumstances in which no obligation arises for the Company or any of the Representatives to publish a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Regulation or supplement a prospectus pursuant to Article 23 of the Prospectus Regulation, in each case, in relation to such offer. Neither the Company nor the Representatives have authorized, nor do they authorize, the making of any offer of shares of our common stock in circumstances in which an obligation arises for the Company or the Representatives to publish a prospectus for such offer.
For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer of shares of our common stock to the public” in relation to any common shares in any Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the common shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the common shares, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Regulation in that Member State, the expression “Prospectus Regulation” means Regulation (EU) 2017/1129.
The above selling restriction is in addition to any other selling restrictions set out below.
Notice to Prospective Investors in the United Kingdom
In relation to the United Kingdom, no offer of common shares which are the subject of the offering has been, or will be made to the public in the United Kingdom, other than:
| (a) | to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined in Article 2 of the UK Prospectus Regulation (as defined below); |
| (b) | to fewer than 150 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in Article 2 of the UK Prospectus Regulation) in the United Kingdom subject to obtaining the prior consent of Representatives for any such offer; or |
| (c) | in any other circumstances falling within section 86 of the FSMA, |
provided that no such offer of common shares shall require us or any underwriter to publish a prospectus pursuant to section 85 of the FSMA or supplement a prospectus pursuant to Article 23 of the UK Prospectus Regulation.
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In the United Kingdom, this prospectus is not a prospectus for the purposes of the UK Prospectus Regulation (as defined below). This prospectus has been prepared on the basis that any offer of shares of common stock in the United Kingdom will be made pursuant to an exemption under the UK Prospectus Regulation from the requirement to publish a prospectus for offers of shares of common stock. Accordingly any person making or intending to make an offer in the United Kingdom of shares of common stock which are the subject of the offering contemplated in this prospectus supplement may only do so in circumstances in which no obligation arises for the us or any of the underwriters to publish a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the UK Prospectus Regulation or supplement a prospectus pursuant to Article 23 of the UK Prospectus Regulation, in each case, in relation to such offer. Neither us nor the underwriters have authorized, nor do they authorize, the making of any offer of shares of common stock in circumstances in which an obligation arises for us or the underwriters to publish or supplement a prospectus for such offer.
For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer of shares of our common stock to the public” in relation to any shares of our common stock in the United Kingdom means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the common shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the common shares, as the same may be varied in United Kingdom by any measure implementing the UK Prospectus Regulation, the expression “UK Prospectus Regulation” means Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018.
The communication of prospectus and any other document or materials relating to the issue of the common shares offered hereby is not being made, and such documents and/or materials have not been approved, by an authorized person for the purposes of section 21 of the United Kingdom’s Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, as amended (the “FSMA”). Accordingly, such documents and/or materials are not being distributed to, and must not be passed on to, the general public in the United Kingdom. The communication of such documents and/or materials as a financial promotion is only being made to those persons in the United Kingdom (i) who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19 (5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, as amended (the “Order”) and/or (ii) who are high net worth companies (or persons to whom it may otherwise be lawfully communicated) falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons together being referred to as “relevant persons”). This document must not be acted on or relied on in the United Kingdom by persons who are not relevant persons. In the United Kingdom, any investment or investment activity to which this document relates is only available to, and will be engaged in with, relevant persons.
Any invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the FSMA) in connection with the issue or sale of the shares of common stock may only be communicated or caused to be communicated in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of the FSMA does not apply to us.
All applicable provisions of the FSMA must be complied with in respect to anything done by any person in relation to the shares of common stock in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.
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France
This document is not being distributed in the context of a public offering of financial securities (offre au public de titres financiers) in France within the meaning of Article L.411-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code (Code monétaire et financier) and Articles 211-1 et seq. of the General Regulation of the French Autorité des marchés financiers, or AMF. The securities have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in France.
This document and any other offering material relating to the securities have not been, and will not be, submitted to the AMF for approval in France and, accordingly, may not be distributed or caused to distributed, directly or indirectly, to the public in France.
Such offers, sales and distributions have been and shall only be made in France to (i) qualified investors (investisseurs qualifiés) acting for their own account, as defined in and in accordance with Articles L.411-2-II-2° and D.411-1 to D.411-3, D. 744-1, D.754-1 and D.764-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code and any implementing regulation and/or (ii) a restricted number of non-qualified investors (cercle restreint d’investisseurs) acting for their own account, as defined in and in accordance with Articles L.411-2-II-2° and D.411-4, D.744-1, D.754-1 and D.764-1 of the French Monetary and Financial Code and any implementing regulation.
Pursuant to Article 211-3 of the General Regulation of the AMF, investors in France are informed that the securities cannot be distributed (directly or indirectly) to the public by the investors otherwise than in accordance with Articles L.411-1, L.411-2, L.412-1 and L.621-8 to L.621-8-3 of the French Monetary and Financial Code.
Ireland
The information in this document does not constitute a prospectus under any Irish laws or regulations and this document has not been filed with or approved by any Irish regulatory authority as the information has not been prepared in the context of a public offering of securities in Ireland within the meaning of the Irish Prospectus (Directive 2003/71/EC) Regulations 2005, or the Prospectus Regulations. The securities have not been offered or sold, and will not be offered, sold or delivered directly or indirectly in Ireland by way of a public offering, except to (i) qualified investors as defined in Regulation 2(l) of the Prospectus Regulations and (ii) fewer than 100 natural or legal persons who are not qualified investors.
Israel
The securities offered by this prospectus have not been approved or disapproved by the Israeli Securities Authority, or the ISA, nor have such securities been registered for sale in Israel. The shares may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in Israel, absent the publication of a prospectus. The ISA has not issued permits, approvals or licenses in connection with this offering or publishing the prospectus; nor has it authenticated the details included herein, confirmed their reliability or completeness, or rendered an opinion as to the quality of the securities being offered. Any resale in Israel, directly or indirectly, to the public of the securities offered by this prospectus is subject to restrictions on transferability and must be effected only in compliance with the Israeli securities laws and regulations.
Italy
The offering of the securities in the Republic of Italy has not been authorized by the Italian Securities and Exchange Commission (Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa), or CONSOB, pursuant to the Italian securities legislation and, accordingly, no offering material relating to the securities may be distributed in Italy and such securities may not be offered or sold in Italy, other than:
| ● | to Italian qualified investors, or Qualified Investors, as defined in Article 100 of Decree no.58 by reference to Article 34-ter of CONSOB Regulation no. 11971 of 14 May 1999, or Regulation no. 1197l, as amended; and |
| ● | in other circumstances that are exempt from the rules on public offer pursuant to Article 100 of Decree No. 58 and Article 34-ter of Regulation No. 11971 as amended. |
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Any offer, sale or delivery of the securities or distribution of any offer document relating to the securities in Italy (excluding placements where a Qualified Investor solicits an offer from the issuer) under the paragraphs above must be:
| ● | made by investment firms, banks or financial intermediaries permitted to conduct such activities in Italy in accordance with Legislative Decree No. 385 of 1 September 1993 (as amended), Decree No.58, CONSOB Regulation No. 16190 of 29 October 2007 and any other applicable laws; and |
| ● | in compliance with all relevant Italian securities, tax and exchange controls and any other applicable laws. |
Any subsequent distribution of the securities in Italy must be made in compliance with the public offer and prospectus requirement rules provided under Decree No. 58 and the Regulation No. 11971 as amended, unless an exception from those rules applies. Failure to comply with such rules may result in the sale of such securities being declared null and void and in the liability of the entity transferring the securities for any damages suffered by the investors.
Japan
The securities have not been and will not be registered under Article 4, paragraph 1 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan (Law No. 25 of 1948), as amended, or the FIEL, pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements applicable to a private placement of securities to Qualified Institutional Investors (as defined in and in accordance with Article2, paragraph 3 of the FIEL and the regulations promulgated thereunder). Accordingly, the securities may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan other than Qualified Institutional Investors. Any Qualified Institutional Investor who acquires securities may not resell them to any person in Japan that is not a Qualified Institutional Investor, and acquisition by any such person of securities is conditional upon the execution of an agreement to that effect.
Portugal
This document is not being distributed in the context of a public offer of financial securities (oferta pública de valores mobiliários) in Portugal, within the meaning of Article 109 of the Portuguese Securities Code (Código dos Valores Mobiliários). The securities have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in Portugal. This document and any other offering material relating to the securities have not been, and will not be, submitted to the Portuguese Securities Market Commission (Comissăo do Mercado de Valores Mobiliários) for approval in Portugal and, accordingly, may not be distributed or caused to distributed, directly or indirectly, to the public in Portugal, other than under circumstances that are deemed not to qualify as a public offer under the Portuguese Securities Code. Such offers, sales and distributions of securities in Portugal are limited to persons who are “qualified investors” (as defined in the Portuguese Securities Code). Only such investors may receive this document and they may not distribute it or the information contained in it to any other person.
Sweden
This document has not been, and will not be, registered with or approved by Finansinspektionen (the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority). Accordingly, this document may not be made available, nor may the securities be offered for sale in Sweden, other than under circumstances that are deemed not to require a prospectus under the Swedish Financial Instruments Trading Act (1991:980) (Sw. lag (1991:980) om handel med finansiella instrument). Any offering of securities in Sweden is limited to persons who are “qualified investors” (as defined in the Financial Instruments Trading Act). Only such investors may receive this document and they may not distribute it or the information contained in it to any other person.
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Switzerland
The securities may not be publicly offered in Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange, or SIX, or on any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. This document has been prepared without regard to the disclosure standards for issuance prospectuses under art. 652a or art. 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or the disclosure standards for listing prospectuses under art. 27 ff. of the SIX Listing Rules or the listing rules of any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this document nor any other offering material relating to the securities may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.
Neither this document nor any other offering material relating to the securities have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatory authority. In particular, this document will not be filed with, and the offer of securities will not be supervised by, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority.
This document is personal to the recipient only and not for general circulation in Switzerland.
United Arab Emirates
Neither this document nor the securities have been approved, disapproved or passed on in any way by the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates or any other governmental authority in the United Arab Emirates, nor have we received authorization or licensing from the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates or any other governmental authority in the United Arab Emirates to market or sell the securities within the United Arab Emirates. This document does not constitute and may not be used for the purpose of an offer or invitation. No services relating to the securities, including the receipt of applications and/or the allotment or redemption of such shares, may be rendered within the United Arab Emirates by us.
No offer or invitation to subscribe for securities is valid or permitted in the Dubai International Financial Centre.
Canada
The securities may be sold in Canada only to purchasers, purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal, that are accredited investors, as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario). Any resale of the securities must be made in accordance with an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus requirements of applicable Canadian securities laws. Canadian purchasers should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of their province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.
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EXPENSES RELATED TO THIS OFFERING
Set forth below is an itemization of our total expenses, excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, which are expected to be incurred in connection with the offer and sale of the common shares by us. With the exception of the SEC registration fee, the FINRA filing fee and the Nasdaq listing fee, all amounts are estimates.
| Amount | ||||
| SEC registration fee | US$ | 2,509.30 | ||
| FINRA filing fee | 3,950.00 | |||
| Nasdaq listing fee | 75,000.00 |
|||
| Accounting fees and expenses | * | |||
| Legal fees and expenses | * | |||
| Transfer agent fees and expenses | * | |||
| Printing fees and expenses | * | |||
| Miscellaneous | * | |||
| TOTAL | US$ | * |
| * | To be filed by amendment. |
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Certain legal matters as to the United States federal and New York law in connection with this offering will be passed upon for us by Bevilacqua PLLC. Certain legal matters as to the United States federal and New York law in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Loeb & Loeb LLP. The validity of the common shares offered in this offering and certain other legal matters as to Canada law will be passed upon for us by Thompson Dorfman Sweatman LLP. Bevilacqua PLLC may rely upon Thompson Dorfman Sweatman LLP with respect to matters governed by Canadian law.
Our consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2019 and 2020 and for the years then ended included in this prospectus have been audited by DeVisser Gray LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing herein. Such financial statements are included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
The offices of DeVisser Gray LLP are located at 401-905 West Pender Street, Vancouver, BC V6C 1L6.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form F-1, including relevant exhibits and schedules, under the Securities Act with respect to the common shares to be sold in this offering. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information contained in the registration statement. You should read the registration statement on Form F-1 and its exhibits and schedules for further information with respect to us and the common shares.
Immediately upon completion of this offering, we will become subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we will be required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC. The address of the website is www.sec.gov. Additionally, we will make these filings available, free of charge, on our website at https://snowlakeresources.com as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC. The information on our website, other than these filings, is not, and should not be, considered part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference into this document.
As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.
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F-1
Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
For the six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
(UNAUDITED)
F-2
CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
(UNAUDITED)
| (Audited) | ||||||||||
| December 31, | June 30, | |||||||||
| Note | 2020 | 2020 | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||
| Current | ||||||||||
| Cash | 52,293 | 143,089 | ||||||||
| Prepaids and deposits | 794 | 794 | ||||||||
| Sales tax receivable | 10,493 | 10,597 | ||||||||
| 63,580 | 154,480 | |||||||||
| Non-current | ||||||||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets | 4 | 5,579,459 | 5,396,879 | |||||||
| Total assets | 5,643,039 | 5,551,359 | ||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||
| Current | ||||||||||
| Accounts payable | 202,098 | 125,786 | ||||||||
| Due to related parties | 6 | 337,075 | 217,948 | |||||||
| Total liabilities | 539,173 | 343,734 | ||||||||
| Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||||
| Share capital | 5 | 5,745,369 | 5,745,369 | |||||||
| Reserves | 5 | 1,181,344 | 1,181,344 | |||||||
| Deficit | (1,822,847 | ) | (1,719,088 | ) | ||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 5,103,866 | 5,207,625 | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 5,643,039 | 5,551,359 | ||||||||
Nature of operations and going concern (Note 1)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Subsequent events (Note 12)
Approved on behalf of the Board of Directors on May 21, 2021:
| “Louie Simens” | “Nachum Labkowski” | |
| Louie Simens, Director | Nachum Labkowski, Director |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-3
CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
(UNAUDITED)
| Six months | ||||||||||
| Periods ended December 31, | Note | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||
| Expenses | ||||||||||
| Bank fees and interest | 557 | 280 | ||||||||
| Consulting fees | 24,650 | 24,430 | ||||||||
| Director and officer consulting fees | 71,093 | 67,700 | ||||||||
| General and administrative | 6,593 | 25,243 | ||||||||
| Professional fees (recovery) | 5,897 | 9,786 | ||||||||
| Transfer agent and regulatory fees | - | 3,675 | ||||||||
| Travel expenses | - | 1,047 | ||||||||
| (108,790 | ) | (132,161 | ) | |||||||
| Other income (loss) | ||||||||||
| Foreign currency gain (loss) | 5,031 | (312 | ) | |||||||
| Recovery of flow through share liability | 5(f) | - | 71,249 | |||||||
| Income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for the period | (103,759 | ) | (61,224 | ) | ||||||
| Weighted average number of shares outstanding | ||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | 65,040,072 | 65,039,822 | ||||||||
| Income (loss) per share | ||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | $ | (0.00 | ) | $ | (0.00 | ) | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-4
CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
(UNAUDITED)
| Share capital | Stock | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note | Common shares | Issued capital | Warrant reserves | option reserves | Accumulated losses | shareholders’ equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| # | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2019 | 65,039,822 | 5,745,215 | 26,480 | 1,154,905 | (1,536,972 | ) | 5,389,628 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss for the period | - | - | - | - | (61,224 | ) | (61,224 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2019 | 65,039,822 | 5,745,215 | 26,480 | 1,154,905 | (1,598,196 | ) | 5,328,404 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss for the period | - | - | - | - | (120,892 | ) | (120,892 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants exercised | 5(d) | 250 | 154 | (41 | ) | - | - | 113 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | 65,040,072 | 5,745,369 | 26,439 | 1,154,905 | (1,719,088 | ) | 5,207,625 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss for the period | - | - | - | - | (103,759 | ) | (103,759 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | 65,040,072 | 5,745,369 | 26,439 | 1,154,905 | (1,822,847 | ) | 5,103,866 | |||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-5
CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
(UNAUDITED)
| Six months ended December 31, | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Cash flows used in operating activities | ||||||||
| Loss for the period | (103,759 | ) | (61,224 | ) | ||||
| Adjustments for items not involving cash: | ||||||||
| Recovery of flow through share liability | - | (71,249 | ) | |||||
| Foreign exchange loss | - | 312 | ||||||
| Sales tax receivable | 104 | 5,489 | ||||||
| Accounts payable | (34,103 | ) | 69,082 | |||||
| Due to related party | 61,227 | - | ||||||
| (76,531 | ) | (57,590 | ) | |||||
| Cash flows used in investing activities | ||||||||
| Payments for exploration and evaluation assets | (46,965 | ) | (237,983 | ) | ||||
| (46,965 | ) | (237,983 | ) | |||||
| Cash flows provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Loan from Nova Minerals Limited | 32,700 | - | ||||||
| 32,700 | - | |||||||
| Net decrease in cash | (90,796 | ) | (295,573 | ) | ||||
| Cash, beginning of the period | 143,089 | 598,999 | ||||||
| Cash, end of the period | 52,293 | 303,426 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-6
NOTE 1 – NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND GOING CONCERN
Snow Lake Resources Ltd. (“Snow Lake” or the “Company”) was incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act on May 25, 2018. The corporate and principal place of business is 242 Hargrave St. #1700, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C 0V1 Canada. The Company is a Canadian natural resource exploration company engaged in the exploration and development of mineral resources through the subsidiaries:
| iv. | Snow Lake Exploration Ltd. |
| v. | Snow Lake (Crowduck) Ltd. |
| vi. | Thompson Bros (Lithium) Pty Ltd. (formerly Manitoba Minerals Pty Ltd.) |
In this report, Snow Lake and the subsidiaries it controlled are referred to as “the Group”.
On March 7, 2019, Snow Lake and Nova Minerals Ltd. (“Nova”), a related party, entered into a share sale agreement (the “Agreement”), whereby Snow Lake acquired all 100,000,000 of the issued and outstanding shares of Thompson Bros (Lithium) Pty Ltd (“Thompson Bros”), formerly Manitoba Minerals Pty Ltd (“Manitoba Minerals”)., a wholly owned subsidiary of Nova as part of a group restructuring (Note 3).
For the six months ended December 31, 2020, the Company had not yet placed any of its mineral properties into production, the Company incurred a net loss of $103,759 (December 31, 2019 - $61,224). As of December 31, 2020, the Company had a deficit (accumulated losses) of $1,822,847 (June 30, 2020 - $1,719,088) and current liabilities in excess of current assets of $475,593 (June 30, 2020 – $189,254). There is no certainty that additional financing at terms that are acceptable to the Company will be available, and an inability to obtain financing would have a direct impact on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
These conditions indicate a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
The Company’s operations could be significantly and adversely impacted by the effects of a widespread global outbreak of a contagious disease, such as the recent outbreak of respiratory illness caused by COVID-19. The Company cannot accurately predict the impact COVID-19 will have on its operations and the ability of others to meet their obligations with the Company, including uncertainties relating to the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, the severity of the disease, the duration of the outbreak and the length of travel and quarantine restrictions imposed by governments of affected countries. In addition, a significant outbreak of contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, resulting in an economic downturn that could further affect the Company’s operations and ability to finance its operations.
These financial statements do not reflect the adjustments to the carrying values and classifications of assets and liabilities that would be necessary if the Company were unable to realize its assets and settle its liabilities as a going concern in the normal course of operations. Such adjustments could be material.
NOTE 2 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
| (a) | Statement of compliance |
The Company applies International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and interpretation issued by the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”). These unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34, Interim Financial Reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information required for full annual financial statements required by IFRS as issued by IASB and interpretations issued by IFRIC.
F-7
NOTE 2 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION (continued)
| (b) | Accounting policies |
The policies applied in these unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements are based on IFRSs issued and outstanding as of May 21, 2021, the date the Board of Directors approved the statements. The same accounting policies and methods of computation are followed in these unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements as compared with the most recent annual financial statements as at and for the year ended June 30, 2020. Any subsequent changes to IFRS that are given effect in the Company’s annual financial statements for the year ending June 30, 2021 could result in restatement of these unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.
These financial statements were approved and authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors of the Company on May 21, 2021.
NOTE 3 – GROUP RESTRUCTURING
On March 8, 2019 (“Closing Date”), the Company acquired all the outstanding common shares of Thompson Bros, formerly Manitoba Minerals, by agreeing to exchange 47,999,900 of the Company’s shares for all issued common shares of Thompson Bros. This resulted in 47,999,900 common shares of the Company being issued to Nova during the year.
The Group has elected to account for the restructure as a capital re-organization rather than a business combination. As such, the consolidated financial statements of the Group have been presented as a continuation of the pre-existing accounting values of assets and liabilities in the financial statements of the entities in the Group.
Thompson Bros has an 80% option on the Thompson Brothers Lithium Property (“Thompson Property”) located in Manitoba, Canada, approximately 20km to the west of Snow Lake and approximately 700km to the north of Winnipeg. The Thompson Brothers Lithium Project consists of 20 mining claims (2,277 hectares).
As part of the group restructuring, the Company acquired Thompson Bros on March 8, 2019, whereby the transaction represents a ’share sale’ or ’share swap’.
NOTE 4 – EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION ASSETS
Exploration and evaluation assets are composed of the following:
| Acquisition of Thompson Property option (a) | $ | 3,325,000 | ||
| Exploration and evaluation expenditures in Thompson Bros | 1,605,847 | |||
| Exploration and evaluation expenditures | 243,604 | |||
| Balance at June 30, 2019 | 5,174,451 | |||
| Exploration and evaluation expenses | 222,428 | |||
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | 5,396,879 | ||
| Exploration and evaluation expenses | 182,580 | |||
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 5,579,459 |
| (a) | On November 16, 2018, the Company entered into a binding letter (the “Binding Letter”) with Progressive Planet Solutions Inc. (“Progressive”) to acquire Progressive’s earned interest of 20% in the Thompson Property. |
F-8
NOTE 4 – EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION ASSETS (continued)
The Company agreed to provide the following consideration to Progressive in return for the Thompson Property:
| ● | $325,000 cash; and |
| ● | The issuance of 12,000,000 Snow Lake shares at a deemed value of $0.25 per common share for total consideration of $3,000,000. |
On April 12, 2019, the Company completed the $325,000 cash payment and issued 12,000,000 shares with a fair value of $3,000,000.
The Company staked an additional 18 claims (3,319 hectares), bringing the total number of claims comprising the Thompson Property to 38 (total of 5,596 hectares).
NOTE 5 – SHARE CAPITAL AND RESERVES
| (a) | Authorized |
Unlimited number of voting common shares without par value.
| (b) | Issued Share Capital |
The following schedule describes the Company common shares movement since December 31, 2018:
| Shares | Issue price | Issued capital | ||||||||||
| # | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2018 | 4,714,385 | 1,178,752 | ||||||||||
| Shares issued to Nova in relation to the intercompany loan re-assignment (Note 6(c)) | 1 | N/A | 1,519,013 | |||||||||
| Shares issued for pre-IPO financing | 325,536 | 0.35 | 113,938 | |||||||||
| Shares issued to Progressive in relation to the acquisition of interest in Thompson Property (Note 4(a)) | 12,000,000 | 0.25 | 3,000,000 | |||||||||
| Shares issued to Nova in relation to the group restructuring of Thompson Bros (Note 3) | 47,999,900 | - | - | |||||||||
| Share issue transaction costs, net of tax | - | - | (66,488 | ) | ||||||||
| Balance – June 30 and December 31, 2019 | 65,039,822 | 5,745,215 | ||||||||||
| Warrants exercised | 250 | 0.45 | 154 | |||||||||
| Balance – June 30 and December 31, 2020 | 65,040,0 72 | 5,745,369 | ||||||||||
F-9
NOTE 5 – SHARE CAPITAL AND RESERVES (continued)
| (c) | Common Share Transaction Details |
The Company had the following common share transaction since June 30, 2019:
| ● | On February 11, 2020, the Company Issued 250 common shares on the exercise of warrants for proceeds of $113. On exercise of the warrants, $41 was reclassified from reserves to share capital. |
| (d) | Warrants |
The following table summarizes the common share purchase warrants transactions since June 30, 2019:
| Weighted | ||||||||||||
| Number of | average | |||||||||||
| Warrants | exercise price | Value | ||||||||||
| # | $ | |||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2019 | 2,679,900 | $ | 0.33 | 26,480 | ||||||||
| Warrants exercised | (250 | ) | 0.45 | - | ||||||||
| Balance at June 30 and December 31, 2020 | 2,679,650 | 0.33 | 26,480 | |||||||||
The following schedules describe the warrants issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020:
| Number of | Weighted average | |||||||||||
| Grant date | Warrants | exercise price | Value | |||||||||
| # | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| November 29, 2018 (1) | 2,000,000 | 0.30 | - | |||||||||
| December 3, 2018 (2) | 160,000 | 0.25 | 26,480 | |||||||||
| December 31, 2018 (3) | 357,141 | 0.45 | - | |||||||||
| March 18, 2019 (4) | 162,509 | 0.45 | - | |||||||||
| Balance at June 30 and December 31, 2020 | 2,679,650 | 0.33 | 26,480 | |||||||||
| (1) | The expiry date of the warrants granted are variable based on the incurrence of the Company going public and listing on a Canadian stock exchange. Accordingly, the expiry date of the warrants is the earlier of: |
| ● | 60 months from the grant date; or |
| ● | 24 months from the Company completing a listing on a Canadian stock exchange. |
| (2) | The expiry date of these broker warrants granted are variable based on the incurrence of the Company going public and listing on a Canadian stock exchange. Accordingly, the expiry date of the warrants is the earlier of: |
| ● | 60 months from the grant date; or |
| ● | 24 months from the Company completing a listing on a Canadian stock exchange |
F-10
NOTE 5 – SHARE CAPITAL AND RESERVES (continued)
| (3) | The expiry date of the warrants granted are variable based on the incurrence of the Company going public and listing on a Canadian stock exchange. Accordingly, the expiry date of the warrants is the earlier of: |
| ● | 60 months from the grant date; or |
| ● | 24 months from the Company completing a listing on a Canadian stock exchange |
| (4) | The expiry date of the warrants granted is March 15, 2021. |
As at December 31, 2020, the weighted average remaining contractual life of the warrants is 2.76 years (June 30, 2020 - 3.26 years).
Applying the residual approach, the Company determined that the fair value of the 2,519,911 warrants issued (excluding the broker warrants) during the year ended June 30, 2019 was $nil. Using the Black Scholes valuation model, the Company determined the fair value of the 160,000 Finder’s Warrants issued during the year ended June 30, 2019 to be $26,480 based on the following assumptions: expected life: 3.33 years; volatility: 100%; dividend yield: nil; risk-free rate: 2.16%, market price: $0.25; and exercise price of $0.25.
For warrants with variable expiry dates the average determined fair value under both scenarios was used to determine the average fair value of those warrants
| (e) | Stock Options |
The Company has a stock option plan (the “Plan”) to provide incentive for the directors, officers, employees, consultants and service providers of the Company. The maximum number of shares which may be set aside for issuance under the Plan is 10% of the outstanding common shares.
The following table summarizes the stock option transactions since June 30, 2019:
| Weighted | ||||||||
| Number of | average | |||||||
| stock | exercise | |||||||
| options | price | |||||||
| # | $ | |||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2019 (1) | 5,200,000 | 0.50 | ||||||
| Option cancelled | (1,100,000 | ) | 0.50 | |||||
| Balance June 30 and December 31, 2020 | 4,100,000 | 0.50 | ||||||
| (1) | The options vested on issuance and have an expiry date of May 24, 2023. |
| (2) | Subsequent to the year ended June 30, 2020, 800,000 options were cancelled as the result of the resignation of a director. As the director continued providing advisory services for the Company, the Board of Directors agreed, on February 26, 2021 to reinstate the previously cancelled options. The terms of the options remained unchanged. |
As at December 31, 2020, the weighted average remaining contractual life of the stock options is 2.39 years (June 30, 2020 - 2.90 years).
Using the Black Scholes valuation model, the Company determined that the fair value of the 5,200,000 stock options granted during fiscal 2019 was $1,154,905, based on the following assumptions: expected life: 4.0 years; volatility: 100%; dividend yield: nil; risk-free rate: 1.55%, market price: $0.35; and exercise price of $0.50.
F-11
NOTE 5 – SHARE CAPITAL AND RESERVES (continued)
| (f) | Flow-Through Shares |
Flow-through share arrangements involve resource expenditure deductions for income tax purposes which are renounced to purchasers of common shares in accordance with income tax legislation. Each flow-through share entitles the holder to a 100% tax deduction in respect of qualifying Canadian Exploration Expenses (“CEE”) as defined.
The value of the flow-through share liability was determined using the residual value method, after determining the fair value of the common shares and common shares purchase warrants attached to the Flow-Through Share Unit Financing. The Flow-Through Share Unit Financing premium established the flow-through share liability value at $71,249 as at December 31, 2019.
During the six months ended December 31, 2020, the Company satisfied all of its flow-through obligations and recognized a recovery on the statement of loss and comprehensive loss for the full amount of the flow-through share liability.
NOTE 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
| (a) | Related Party Transactions |
The Company incurred charges to directors and officers, or to companies associated with these individuals, which are included in the following categories, during the three and six months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:
| Three months | Six months | |||||||||||||||
| Periods ended December 31, | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||
| Directors and officer consulting fees | 43,593 | 25,800 | 72,093 | 59,700 | ||||||||||||
| 43,593 | 25,800 | 72,093 | 59,700 | |||||||||||||
Management consulting fees are paid to companies controlled by the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), the President, the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) and the Chief Operating Officer (“COO”).
| (b) | Related Party Balances |
All related party balances payable, for services and business expense reimbursements rendered as at December 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, are non-interest bearing and payable on demand, and are comprised of the following:
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 88,012 | 12,300 | ||||||
| Due to Nova Minerals Ltd. | 249,063 | 205,648 | ||||||
| 337,075 | 217,948 |
| (c) | Related Party Loan Assignment |
On March 8, 2019, the Company entered into a deed of assignment of debt with Nova and Thompson Bros to facilitate the reassignment of the related party loan from Nova to Snow Lake. Thereby, Snow Lake is now a party to an amount owing from Thompson Bros amounting to $1,519,013. In consideration for the assignment, Snow Lake issued 1 common share to Nova (see Note 5(b)).
The related party loan is non-interest bearing and with no fixed repayment date or terms. Upon consolidation of these financial statements, the related party loan has been eliminated.
F-12
NOTE 7 – FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT
| (a) | Classification and measurement changes |
The Company has assessed the classification and measurement of our financial assets and financial liabilities in the following table:
| Measurement Category | ||
| Financial assets: | ||
| Cash | Amortized Cost | |
| Financial liabilities: | ||
| Accounts payables | Amortized Cost | |
| Due to related parties | Amortized Cost |
| (b) | Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
As at December 31, 2020, the Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, accounts payable and due to related party. Cash, accounts payable and due to related parties are designated as at amortized cost.
IFRS requires disclosures about the inputs to fair value measurements for financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, including their classification within a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to fair value measurement.
The three levels of hierarchy are:
Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and
Level 3 – Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data.
As at December 31, 2020, the Company believes that the carrying values of cash, accounts payable and due to related party approximate their fair values because of their nature and relatively short maturity dates or durations.
| (c) | Financial Instruments Risk |
The Company’s financial instruments are exposed in varying degrees to a variety of financial risks. The Board approves and monitors the risk management processes:
| (i) | Credit risk: |
Credit risk exposure primarily arises with respect to the Company’s cash and receivables. The risk exposure is limited because the Company places its instruments in banks of high credit worthiness within Canada and continuously monitors the collection of other receivables.
| (ii) | Liquidity risk: |
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company cannot meet its financial obligations as they become due. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure as far as possible that it will have sufficient liquidity to settle obligations and liabilities when they become due. As at December 31, 2020, the Company had cash of $52,293 (June 30, 2020 - $143,089) and current liabilities in excess of current assets of $461,997 (June 30, 2020 – $189,254) with total liabilities of $525,577 (June 30, 2020 - $343,734).
F-13
NOTE 7 – FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT (continued)
| (iii) | Market risk: |
| a. | Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. A change of 100 basis points in the interest rates would not be material to the financial statements. | |
| b. | Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of the changes in the foreign exchange rates. Assuming all other variables constant, an increase or a decrease of 10% of the Australian dollar against the Canadian dollar, the net loss of the Company and the equity for the six months ended December 31, 2020, would have varied by a negligible amount. |
| c. | The Company had no hedging agreements in place with respect to foreign exchange rates. |
NOTE 8 – CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
The Company’s objective when managing capital is to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern such that it can provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders. The management of the capital structure is based on the funds available to the Company in order to support the acquisition, exploration and development of mineral properties and to maintain the Company in good standing with the various regulatory authorities. In order to maintain or adjust its capital structure, the Company may issue new shares, sell assets to settle liabilities, issue debt instruments or return capital to its shareholders. The Company monitors its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.
NOTE 9 – SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has determined that it has one reportable operating segment, being the acquisition, exploration, and devaluation of mineral properties located in Canada. At December 31, 2020, all of the Company’s operating and capital assets are located in Canada.
NOTE 10 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company does not have any future operating commitments at December 31, 2020, while the only undiscounted liabilities are the accounts payable and accrued liabilities which are due within one year and as at December 31, 2020 are $214,698 (June 30, 2020 – $125,786).
NOTE 11 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Issuance of Convertible Debentures and Warrants:
In February 2021, the company closed subscription agreements (the “Agreement”) with investors where Snow Lake issued convertible debt (the “Debentures”) for a total of $865,263 (the “Subscribed Amount”). The Debentures were sold at a discount of 5% for net proceeds of $820,000.
Under the terms of the Agreement, the Subscribed Amount plus interest accrued, at a rate which should be the higher of (i) 12% per annum or (ii) Wall Street Prime Rate (currently approximately 3.3%) + 7%, and is convertible, at the option of the Debenture holder, into common shares of the Company at a price of $0.25 per share. The conversion future expires (the “Expiry Date”) on the earlier of twenty-four months from execution, or the closing of a registered public offering (the “Liquidity Transaction”).
As part of the Agreement, subscribers received two warrants for each undiscounted $1 of debt financed. The warrants are exercisable at $0.30 and will expire 2 years after the Company achieves a public listing and the shares underlying the warrants are freely tradable.
In addition, The Company also issued 75,000 compensation warrants carrying the same terms of the mentioned Debenture Warrants.
In the event of a default the interest should be the lesser of 24% per annum and the maximum legally authorized rate. The Company has the right to repay the note prior to maturity at 110% of the then outstanding principal and interest. The Company must provide 30 days’ notice and the Lender shall have the right to convert prior to the 30-day notice expiration.
Warrants exercised
Subsequent to December 31, 2020, warrant-holders exercised 10,850 warrants at an exercise price of $0.45 per share and 151,659 warrants expired.
F-14
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-15
Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
F-16
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Snow Lake Resources Ltd.,
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Snow Lake Resources Ltd. (“the Company”), which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at June 30, 2020 and 2019 and the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows for the years then ended, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”).
In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as at June 30, 2020 and 2019 and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
Going Concern
Without modifying our opinion, we draw attention to Note 1 in the financial statements which indicates that there are material uncertainties that cast significant doubt about the going concern assumption. The Company has no current source of revenue, has incurred losses from inception and is dependent upon its ability to secure new sources of financing. These conditions, along with other matters as set forth in Note 1, indicate the existence of a material uncertainty that casts significant doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
“De Visser Gray LLP”
/s/ DeVisser Gray LLP
CHARTERED PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANTS
Vancouver, Canada
May 21, 2021
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019.
F-17
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
| As at | As at | |||||||||
| Note | June 30, 2020 | June 30, 2019 | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||
| Current | ||||||||||
| Cash | 143,089 | 598,999 | ||||||||
| Prepaids and deposits | 794 | 18,151 | ||||||||
| Sales tax receivable | 10,597 | 26,631 | ||||||||
| 154,480 | 643,781 | |||||||||
| Non-current | ||||||||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets | 5 | 5,396,879 | 5,174,451 | |||||||
| Total assets | 5,551,359 | 5,818,232 | ||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||
| Current | ||||||||||
| Accounts payable | 125,786 | 150,603 | ||||||||
| Flow-through share liability | 6 | - | 71,249 | |||||||
| Due to related party | 7 | 217,948 | 206,752 | |||||||
| Total liabilities | 343,734 | 428,604 | ||||||||
| Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||||
| Share capital | 6 | 5,745,369 | 5,745,215 | |||||||
| Reserves | 6 | 1,181,344 | 1,181,385 | |||||||
| Deficit | (1,719,088 | ) | (1,536,972 | ) | ||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 5,207,625 | 5,389,628 | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | 5,551,359 | 5,818,232 | ||||||||
Nature of operations and going concern (Note 1)
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Subsequent events (Notes 6(e) and 14)
Approved on behalf of the Board of Directors on December 4, 2020:
| “Louie Simens” | “Nachum Labkowski” | |
| Louie Simens, Director | Nachum Labkowski, Director |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-18
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
| Year ended, | Year ended, | |||||||||
| Note | June 30, 2020 | June 30, 2019 | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||||
| Expenses | ||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 6(e) | - | 1,154,905 | |||||||
| Consulting fees | 43,255 | 132,518 | ||||||||
| Professional fees | 57,272 | 97,474 | ||||||||
| Director and officer consulting fees | 118,700 | 92,500 | ||||||||
| Travel expenses | 957 | 34,981 | ||||||||
| General and administrative | 20,626 | 14,495 | ||||||||
| Transfer agent and regulatory fees | 3,885 | - | ||||||||
| Bank fees and interest | 2,669 | 3,092 | ||||||||
| (247,364 | ) | (1,529,965 | ) | |||||||
| Other income (loss) | ||||||||||
| Foreign currency (loss) gain | (6,001 | ) | 1,263 | |||||||
| Recovery of flow through share liability | 6(f) | 71,249 | - | |||||||
| Loss and comprehensive loss for the year | (182,116 | ) | (1,528,702 | ) | ||||||
| Weighted average number of shares outstanding | ||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | 65,039,976 | 11,345,725 | ||||||||
| Loss per share | ||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | $ | (0.00 | ) | $ | (0.13 | ) | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-19
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars, except number of shares)
| Share capital | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note | Common shares | Issued capital | Warrant reserves | Stock option reserves | Accumulated losses | Total shareholders’ equity | ||||||||||||||||||||
| # | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2018 | 100 | 1 | - | - | (8,270 | ) | (8,269 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Loss for the year | - | - | - | - | (1,528,702 | ) | (1,528,702 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for seed financing | 6(c) | 4,000,000 | 1,000,000 | - | - | - | 1,000,000 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Issue of flow-through shares for cash, net of liability | 6(c) | 714,285 | 178,751 | - | - | - | 178,751 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for pre-IPO financing | 6(c) | 325,536 | 113,938 | - | - | - | 113,938 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Share issuance costs | 6(c) | - | (66,488 | ) | - | - | (66,488 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based payments | 6(d) | - | - | 26,480 | - | - | 26,480 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital contribution and shares related to intercompany loan and group restructuring | 4, 7(c) | 47,999,901 | 1,519,013 | - | - | - | 1,519,013 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for acquisition of interest in Thompson Property | 5(a) | 12,000,000 | 3,000,000 | - | - | - | 3,000,000 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Options granted and vested | 6(e) | - | - | - | 1,154,905 | - | 1,154,905 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2019 | 65,039,822 | 5,745,215 | 26,480 | 1,154,905 | (1,536,972 | ) | 5,389,628 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loss for the year | - | - | - | - | (182,116 | ) | (182,116 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Warrants exercised | 6(c) | 250 | 154 | (41 | ) | - | - | 113 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at June 30, 2020 | 65,040,072 | 5,745,369 | 26,439 | 1,154,905 | (1,719,088 | ) | 5,207,625 | |||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-20
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
Year
ended, June 30, | Year
ended, June 30, | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Cash flows used in operating activities | ||||||||
| Loss for the year | (182,116 | ) | (1,528,702 | ) | ||||
| Adjustments for items not involving cash: | ||||||||
| Recovery of flow through share liability | (71,249 | ) | - | |||||
| Foreign exchange loss | 2,675 | - | ||||||
| Share-based compensation | - | 1,154,905 | ||||||
| Interest received | - | 4 | ||||||
| Payment of interest and other finance costs | - | (1,845 | ) | |||||
| Net changes in non-cash working capital: | ||||||||
| Prepaids and deposits | 17,357 | (18,151 | ) | |||||
| Sales tax receivable | 16,034 | (24,477 | ) | |||||
| Other receivable | - | 14,500 | ||||||
| Accounts payable | (52,992 | ) | 108,211 | |||||
| Due to related party | 12,310 | 59,895 | ||||||
| (257,981 | ) | (235,660 | ) | |||||
| Cash flows used in investing activities | ||||||||
| Payments for exploration and evaluation assets | (196,928 | ) | (312,203 | ) | ||||
| Payments to acquire tenements | - | (317,088 | ) | |||||
| (196,928 | ) | (629,291 | ) | |||||
| Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities | ||||||||
| Loan from Nova Minerals Limited | (1,114 | ) | 140,020 | |||||
| Proceeds from the exercise of warrants | 113 | - | ||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of shares | - | 1,363,938 | ||||||
| Transaction costs related to issuance of shares or options | - | (40,008 | ) | |||||
| (1,001 | ) | 1,463,950 | ||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash | (455,910 | ) | 598,999 | |||||
| Cash, beginning of year | 598,999 | - | ||||||
| Cash, end of year | 143,089 | 598,999 | ||||||
Supplemental disclosure with respect to cash flows (Note 8)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-21
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 1 – NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND GOING CONCERN
Snow Lake Resources Ltd. (“Snow Lake” or the “Company”) was incorporated under the Canada Business Corporations Act on May 25, 2018. The corporate and principal place of business is 242 Hargrave St. #1700, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C 0V1 Canada. The Company is a Canadian natural resource exploration company engaged in the exploration and development of mineral resources through the subsidiaries:
| i. | Snow Lake Exploration Ltd. | |
| ii. | Snow Lake (Crowduck) Ltd. | |
| iii. | Thompson Bros Lithium Pty Ltd. (formerly Manitoba Minerals Pty Ltd.) |
In this report, Snow Lake and the subsidiaries it controlled are referred to as “the Group”.
On March 7, 2019, Snow Lake and Nova Minerals Ltd. (“Nova”), a related party, entered into a share sale agreement (the “Agreement”), whereby Snow Lake acquired all 100,000,000 of the issued and outstanding shares of Thompson Bros Lithium Pty Ltd (“Thompson Bros”), formerly Manitoba Minerals Pty Ltd (“Manitoba Minerals”)., a wholly owned subsidiary of Nova as part of a group restructuring (Note 4).
For the year ended June 30, 2020, the Company had not yet placed any of its mineral properties into production, the Company incurred a net loss of $182,116 (June 30, 2019 - $1,528,702). As of June 30, 2020, the Company had a deficit (accumulated losses) of $1,719,088 (June 30, 2019 - $1,536,972) and current liabilities in excess of current assets of $189,254 (June 30, 2019 – current assets in excess of current liabilities of $215,177). There is no certainty that additional financing at terms that are acceptable to the Company will be available, and an inability to obtain financing would have a direct impact on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
These conditions indicate a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
The Company’s operations could be significantly and adversely impacted by the effects of a widespread global outbreak of a contagious disease, such as the recent outbreak of respiratory illness caused by COVID-19. The Company cannot accurately predict the impact COVID-19 will have on its operations and the ability of others to meet their obligations with the Company, including uncertainties relating to the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, the severity of the disease, the duration of the outbreak and the length of travel and quarantine restrictions imposed by governments of affected countries. In addition, a significant outbreak of contagious diseases in the human population could result in a widespread health crisis that could adversely affect the economies and financial markets of many countries, resulting in an economic downturn that could further affect the Company’s operations and ability to finance its operations.
These financial statements do not reflect the adjustments to the carrying values and classifications of assets and liabilities that would be necessary if the Company were unable to realize its assets and settle its liabilities as a going concern in the normal course of operations. Such adjustments could be material.
NOTE 2 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
| (a) | Statement of compliance |
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), effective for the financial year ended June 30, 2020. IFRS include International Accounting Standards (“IAS”) and interpretations issued by the IFRS Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”).
These financial statements were approved and authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors of the Company on December 4, 2020.
F-22
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 2 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION (continued)
| (b) | Basis of measurement |
These financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for certain financial assets and liabilities which are measured at fair value, or amortized cost, as applicable. The presentation currency is the Canadian dollar; therefore, all amounts are presented in Canadian dollars unless otherwise noted.
| (c) | Significant accounting judgements and key sources of estimate uncertainty |
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to select accounting policies and make estimates and judgments that may have a significant impact on the financial statements. Estimates are continuously evaluated and are based on management’s experience and expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual outcomes may differ from these estimates.
Significant judgments exercised in applying accounting policies, apart from those involving estimates, that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the financial statements are as follows:
| i. | Going concern |
The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that the Company will be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. The assessment of the Company’s ability to source future operations and continue as a going concern involves judgment. Estimates and assumptions are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. If the going concern assumption were not appropriate for the financial statements, then adjustments to the carrying value of assets and liabilities, the reported expenses and the statement of financial position would be necessary (Note 1).
| ii. | Functional currency |
The functional currency for the Company is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates. The Company has determined that the functional currency is the Canadian dollar. Determination of functional currency may involve certain judgments to determine the primary economic environment and the Company reconsiders the functional currency of its entities if there is a change in events and conditions that determined the primary economic environment.
During the year, the Company assessed Thompson Bros operating environment and concluded its functional currency should be the Canadian dollar. The main factor for change was the tendency of the entity to incur exploration expenditures in the Canadian dollar rather than the Australian dollar. The Company identified March 7, 2019, to be the date of transition.
| iii. | Economic recoverability of future economic benefits of exploration and evaluation assets |
Management has determined that exploration and evaluation assets and related costs incurred, which have been recognized on the statements of financial position, are economically recoverable. Management uses several criteria in its assessments of economic recoverability and probability of future economic benefit including geological data, scoping studies, accessible facilities, and existing and future permits.
F-23
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 2 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION (continued)
| iv. | Restructuring |
The Group re-organization completed during the current financial year has been determined by the directors to be in substance a capital re-organization as the transaction did not have commercial substance from the Group’s perspective, and therefore does not meet the definition of a business combination. Capital re-organization transactions are a complex accounting area because there is no specific applicable accounting standards to these types of transactions. In the absence of specific guidance, management has used the guidance in IAS 8 - Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Error (para 10) whereby management have used its judgement in developing and applying a relevant and reliable accounting policy using pre-combination book values to account for this transaction as no substantive economic change has occurred.
Key sources of estimation uncertainty that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities are:
| i. | Provisions |
Provisions recognized in the financial statements involve judgments on the occurrence of future events, which could result in a material outlay for the Company. In determining whether an outlay will be material, the Company considers the expected future cash flows based on facts, historical experience and probabilities associated with such future events. Uncertainties exist with respect to estimates made by management and as a result, the actual expenditure may differ from amounts currently reported.
| ii. | Income taxes |
The provision for income taxes and composition of income tax assets and liabilities require management’s judgment. The application of income tax legislation also requires judgment in order to interpret legislation and apply those findings to the Company’s transactions.
| iii. | Equity-settled share-based payments |
Share-based payments are measured at fair value. Options and finder’s warrants are measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on estimated fair values of all share-based awards at the date of grant and are expensed to earnings or loss from operations over each award’s vesting period. The Black-Scholes option pricing model utilizes subjective assumptions such as expected price volatility and expected life of the option. Changes in these input assumptions can significantly affect the fair value estimate.
NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
| (a) | Foreign currency translation |
The financial statements of the Company are prepared in its functional currency, determined on the basis of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates. Given that operations are in Canada, the presentation and functional currency of the Company is the Canadian dollar.
Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the transaction dates. At each reporting date, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the entity’s functional currency at the then prevailing rates and non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated into the entity’s functional currency at rates in effect at the date the transaction took place.
F-24
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition during the period or in previous financial statements are included in the statements of loss and comprehensive loss for the period in which they arise.
| (b) | Current and non-current classification |
Assets and liabilities are presented in the statement of financial position based on current and non-current classification.
An asset is classified as current when: it is either expected to be realised or intended to be sold or consumed in the consolidated entity’s normal operating cycle; it is held primarily for the purpose of trading; it is expected to be realised within 12 months after the reporting period; or the asset is cash or cash equivalent unless restricted from being exchanged or used to settle a liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. All other assets are classified as non-current.
A liability is classified as current when: it is either expected to be settled in the consolidated entity’s normal operating cycle; it is held primarily for the purpose of trading; it is due to be settled within 12 months after the reporting period; or there is no unconditional right to defer the settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the reporting period. All other liabilities are classified as non-current.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are always classified as non-current.
| (c) | Cash |
Cash consist of cash on hand, and deposits held with banks.
| (d) | Exploration and evaluation assets |
Title to exploration and evaluation assets including mineral properties involves certain inherent risks due to the difficulties of determining the validity of certain claims as well as the potential for problems arising from the frequently ambiguous conveyancing historical characteristic of many properties. The Company has investigated title to all its mineral properties and, to the best of its knowledge title to all its properties are in good standing.
The Company accounts for exploration and evaluation assets in accordance with IFRS 6 – Exploration for and evaluation of mineral properties (“IFRS 6”). Once the legal right to explore a property has been acquired, costs directly related to exploration and evaluation are recognized and capitalized, in addition to the acquisition costs. These expenditures include but are not limited to acquiring licenses, researching and analyzing existing exploration data, conducting geological studies, exploration drilling and sampling and payments made to contractors and consultants in connection with the exploration and evaluation of the property. Costs not directly attributable to exploration and evaluation activities, including general administrative overhead costs, are expensed in the year in which they occur.
Acquisition costs incurred in obtaining legal right to explore a mineral property are deferred until the legal right is granted and thereon reclassified to mineral properties. Transaction costs incurred in acquiring an asset are deferred until the transaction is completed and then included in the purchase price of the asset acquired.
When a project is deemed to no longer have commercially viable prospects to the Company, exploration and evaluation expenditures in respect of that project are deemed to be impaired. As a result, those exploration and evaluation expenditure costs, in excess of the estimated recoverable amount, are written off to the statement of loss and comprehensive loss.
The Company assesses exploration and evaluation assets for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of the asset may exceed its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use.
F-25
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting the mineral resource has been determined, the property is considered a mine under development. Exploration and evaluation assets are also tested for impairment before the assets are transferred to development properties.
As the Company currently has no operational income, any incidental revenues earned in connection with exploration activities are applied as a reduction to capitalized exploration costs.
| (e) | Provisions |
Provisions are recorded when a present legal or constructive obligation exists as a result of past events where it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefit will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made.
| (f) | Impairment of assets |
At each reporting date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its assets to determine whether there are any indicators of impairment. If any such indicator exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment, if any.
Where the asset does not generate cash inflows that are independent from other assets, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (“CGU”) to which the asset belongs. Any intangible asset with an indefinite useful life is tested for impairment annually and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value, using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.
If the recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount is reduced to the recoverable amount and an impairment loss is recognized immediately in the statement of loss and comprehensive loss. Where an impairment subsequently reverses, the carrying amount is increased to the revised estimate of recoverable amount but only to the extent that this does not exceed the carrying value that would have been determined if no impairment had previously been recognized. A reversal of impairment is recognized in the statement of loss and comprehensive loss.
| (g) | Impairment of non-financial assets |
Goodwill and other intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Other non-financial assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount.
Recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value-in-use. The value-in-use is the present value of the estimated future cash flows relating to the asset using a pre-tax discount rate specific to the asset or cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Assets that do not have independent cash flows are grouped together to form a cash-generating unit.
| (h) | Trade and other payables |
These amounts represent liabilities for goods and services provided to the consolidated entity prior to the end of the financial year and which are unpaid. Due to their short-term nature they are measured at amortised cost and are not discounted. The amounts are unsecured.
F-26
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
| (i) | Share capital |
Common shares are classified as share capital. Costs directly attributable to the issue of common shares are recognized as a deduction from share capital, net of any tax effects.
| (j) | Warrants |
Share purchase warrants are classified as a component of equity. Share purchase warrants issued along with shares in an equity unit financing are measured using the residual approach, whereby the fair value of the warrant is determined after deducting the fair value of the shares from the unit price less applicable financing costs. Share purchase warrants issued for broker/financing compensation, are recognized at the fair value using the Black-Scholes option pricing model at the date of issue. Share purchase warrants are initially recorded as a part of warrant reserves in equity at the recognized fair value. Upon exercise of the share purchase warrants the previously recognized fair value of the warrants exercised is reallocated to share capital from warrant reserves. The proceeds generated from the payment of the exercise price are also allocated to share capital.
| (k) | Flow-through shares |
Proceeds received from the issuance of flow-through shares are restricted to be used only for Canadian resource property exploration expenditures within a two-year period. The portion of the proceeds received but not yet expended at the end of the year is disclosed separately.
The issuance of flow-through common shares results in the tax deductibility of the qualifying resource expenditures funded from the proceeds of the sales of such common shares being transferred to the purchasers of the shares. On the issuance of such shares, the Company bifurcates the flow-through shares into a flow-through share premium, equal to the estimated fair value of the premium that investors pay for the flow-through tax feature, which is recognized as a liability, and equity values of share capital and/or warrants. As the related exploration expenditures are incurred, the Company derecognizes the premium liability and recognizes the related recovery.
| (l) | Income taxes |
Income tax reported in the statement of loss and comprehensive loss for the period presented comprises current and deferred income tax. Income tax is recognized in the statement of loss and comprehensive loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in equity.
Current income tax for each taxable entity in the Company is based on the local taxable income at the local statutory tax rate enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and includes any adjustments to tax payable or recoverable with regards to previous periods.
Deferred income tax is determined using the liability method, providing for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. The amount of deferred income tax provided is based on the expected manner of realization or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, using the expected future tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
A deferred income tax asset is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset only when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities, when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority and the Company intends to settle its tax assets and liabilities on a net basis.
F-27
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
| (m) | Financial instruments |
On July 1, 2018, the Company retrospectively adopted IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”) which replaced IAS 39 - Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (“IAS 39”). Under IFRS 9, financial assets are classified and measured based on the business model in which they are held and the characteristics of their contractual cash flows. The standard also introduces additional changes relating to financial liabilities, amends the impairment model by introducing a new ‘expected credit loss’ model for calculating impairment and introduces a new general hedge accounting standard which aligns hedge accounting more closely with risk management.
The adoption of IFRS 9, retrospectively without restatement, did not have a significant impact on the measurement of the Company’s financial instruments in the financial statements. The following are the Company’s new accounting policies under IFRS 9:
Investments and other financial assets
Investments and other financial assets are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs are included as part of the initial measurement, except for financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Such assets are subsequently measured at either amortised cost or fair value depending on their classification. Classification is determined based on both the business model within which such assets are held and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset unless, an accounting mismatch is being avoided.
Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows have expired or have been transferred and the consolidated entity has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership. When there is no reasonable expectation of recovering part or all of a financial asset, it’s carrying value is written off.
Impairment of financial assets
The consolidated entity recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses on financial assets which are either measured at amortised cost or fair value through other comprehensive income. The measurement of the loss allowance depends upon the consolidated entity’s assessment at the end of each reporting period as to whether the financial instrument’s credit risk has increased significantly since initial recognition, based on reasonable and supportable information that is available, without undue cost or effort to obtain.
Where there has not been a significant increase in exposure to credit risk since initial recognition, a 12-month expected credit loss allowance is estimated. This represents a portion of the asset’s lifetime expected credit losses that is attributable to a default event that is possible within the next 12 months. Where a financial asset has become credit impaired or where it is determined that credit risk has increased significantly, the loss allowance is based on the asset’s lifetime expected credit losses. The amount of expected credit loss recognised is measured on the basis of the probability weighted present value of anticipated cash shortfalls over the life of the instrument discounted at the original effective interest rate.
Financial assets at amortized cost
Financial assets at amortized cost are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently carried at amortized cost less any impairment. They are classified as current assets or non-current assets based on their maturity date. Gains and losses on derecognition of financial assets classified amortized cost are recognized in profit or loss.
F-28
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 3 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)
Financial liabilities
For financial liabilities, the new standard retains most of the IAS 39 requirements. The main change is that, in cases where the fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change relating to the Company’s own credit risk is recorded in other comprehensive income rather than in profit or loss, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. Financial liabilities are recognized initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred, and are subsequently measured at amortized cost. Any difference between the amounts originally received, net of transaction costs, and the redemption value is recognized in profit and loss over the period to maturity using the effective interest method.
| (n) | Loss per share |
Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period. The diluted loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding on a diluted basis. The weighted average number of shares outstanding on a diluted basis takes into account the additional shares for the assumed exercise of stock options and warrants, if dilutive. The number of additional shares is calculated by assuming that outstanding stock options were exercised and that the proceeds from such exercises were used to acquire common stock at the average market price during the reporting period.
| (o) | Comprehensive loss |
Other comprehensive loss is the change in net assets arising from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Comprehensive loss comprises net loss and other comprehensive loss. Foreign currency translation differences arising on translation of foreign subsidiaries in functional currencies other than the reporting currency would also be included in other comprehensive loss.
| (p) | Changes in accounting policies |
Leases
In January 2016, the IASB published a new accounting standard, IFRS 16 - Leases (“IFRS 16”) which supersedes IAS 17 - Leases. IFRS 16 specifies how to recognize, measure, present and disclose leases. The standard provides a single lessee accounting model, requiring the recognition of assets and liabilities for all leases, unless the lease term is 12 months or less or the underlying asset has a low value.
The Company adopted IFRS 16 effective July 1, 2019. As the Company does not have any material lease agreements, the adoption of this standard did not materially impact the financial statements.
| (q) | Accounting standards issued but not yet effective |
There are no accounting standards issued but not yet effective that are expected to have a material impact on the financial statements.
F-29
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 4 – GROUP RESTRUCTURING
On March 8, 2019 (“Closing Date”), the Company acquired all the outstanding common shares of Thompson Bros, formerly Manitoba Minerals, by agreeing to exchange 47,999,900 of the Company’s shares for all issued common shares of Thompson Bros. This resulted in 47,999,900 common shares of the Company being issued to Nova during the year.
The Group has elected to account for the restructure as a capital re-organization rather than a business combination. As such, the consolidated financial statements of the Group have been presented as a continuation of the pre-existing accounting values of assets and liabilities in the financial statements of the entities in the Group.
Thompson Bros has an 80% option on the Thompson Brothers Lithium Property (“Thompson Property”) located in Manitoba, Canada, approximately 20km to the west of Snow Lake and approximately 700km to the north of Winnipeg. The Thompson Brothers Lithium Project consists of 20 mining claims (2,277 hectares).
As part of the group restructuring, the Company acquired Thompson Bros on March 8, 2019, whereby the transaction represents a ’share sale’ or ’share swap’.
NOTE 5 – EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION ASSETS
Exploration and evaluation assets are composed of the following:
June 30, 2020 | June 30, 2019 | Total | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Acquisition of Thompson Property option (a) | - | 3,325,000 | 3,325,000 | |||||||||
| Exploration and evaluation expenditures in Thompson Bros | - | 1,605,847 | 1,605,847 | |||||||||
| Exploration and evaluation expenditures | 225,103 | 243,604 | 459,707 | |||||||||
| Foreign exchange | (2,675 | ) | - | (2,675 | ) | |||||||
| 222,428 | 5,174,451 | 5,396,879 | ||||||||||
| (a) | On November 16, 2018, the Company entered into a binding letter (the “Binding Letter”) with Progressive Planet Solutions Inc. (“Progressive”) to acquire Progressive’s earned interest of 20% in the Thompson Property. |
The Company agreed to provide the following consideration to Progressive in return for the Thompson Property
| ● | $325,000 cash; and | |
| ● | The issuance of 12,000,000 Snow Lake shares at a deemed value of $0.25 per common share for total consideration of $3,000,000. |
On April 12, 2019, the Company completed the $325,000 cash payment and issued 12,000,000 shares with a fair value of $3,000,000.
The Company staked an additional 18 claims (3,319 hectares), bringing the total number of claims comprising the Thompson Property to 38 (total of 5,596 hectares).
F-30
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 6 – SHARE CAPITAL AND RESERVES
| (a) | Authorized |
Unlimited number of voting common shares without par value.
| (b) | Issued Share Capital |
The Company had the following common shares outstanding at June 30, 2020 and 2019:
| June 30, 2020 | June 30, 2020 | June 30, 2019 | June 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||
| # | $ | # | $ | |||||||||||||
| Common shares - fully paid | 65,040,072 | 5,745,369 | 65,039,822 | 5,745,215 | ||||||||||||
During the years ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, the Company had the following movements in common shares:
| Shares | Issue price | Issued capital | ||||||||||
| # | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Balance - June 30, 2018 | 100 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Shares issued for seed financing | 4,000,000 | 0.25 | 1,000,000 | |||||||||
| Shares issued for pre-IPO financing | 325,536 | 0.35 | 113,938 | |||||||||
| Issue of flow-through shares for cash, net of liability | 714,285 | 0.35 | 178,751 | |||||||||
| Share issue transaction costs, net of tax | - | - | (66,488 | ) | ||||||||
| Shares issued to Nova Minerals Limited in relation to the group restructuring of Thompson Bros (Note 4) | 47,999,900 | - | - | |||||||||
| Shares issued to Nova Minerals Limited in relation to the intercompany loan re-assignment (Note 7) | 1 | N/A | 1,519,013 | |||||||||
| Shares issued to Progressive Planet Solutions in relation to the acquisition of interest in Thompson Property (Note 5) | 12,000,000 | 0.25 | 3,000,000 | |||||||||
| Balance – June 30, 2019 | 65,039,822 | 5,745,215 | ||||||||||
| Warrants exercised | 250 | 0.45 | 154 | |||||||||
| Balance – June 30, 2020 | 65,040,072 | 5,745,369 | ||||||||||
| (c) | Common Share Transaction Details |
The Company had the following common share transactions during the year ended June 30, 2020:
| ● | On February 11, 2020, the Company Issued 250 common shares on the exercise of warrants for proceeds of $113. On exercise of the warrants, $41 was reclassified from reserves to share capital. |
The Company had the following common share transactions during the year ended June 30, 2019:
| ● | On November 29, 2018, the Company closed its $0.25-unit financing (the “$0.25 Unit Financing”) issuing 4,000,000 common shares and 2,000,000 common share purchase warrant for gross proceeds of $1,000,000. The life of the warrants is the lesser of (1) 24 months from Snow Lake completing an initial public offering or (2) 60 months from the grant date, with an exercise price of $0.30. |
F-31
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 6 – SHARE CAPITAL AND RESERVES (continued)
| ● | Pursuant to the $0.25 Unit Financing, the Company issued 160,000 common share purchase warrants as finder’s fees (the “Finder’s Warrants”) and a cash commission of $40,008 (the “Commission”). The life of the warrants is the lesser of (1) 24 months from Snow Lake completing an initial public offering or (2) 60 months from the grant date, with an exercise price of $0.25. The $26,480 value of these warrants was determined using the Black Scholes model for both scenarios and averaging them as both scenarios were equally likely at the time of the $0.25 Unit Financing. The Finder’s Warrants and the Commission were recorded as share issuance costs. |
| ● | On December 31, 2018, the Company closed its $0.35 flow-through unit financing (the “Flow-Through Unit Financing”) issuing 714,285 common shares and 357,141 common share purchase warrants for gross proceeds of $250,000. The life of the warrants is the lesser of (1) 24 months from Snow Lake completing an initial public offering or (2) 60 months from the grant date, with an exercise price of $0.45. |
| ● | On March 15, 2019, the Company closed its $0.35 unit financing (the “$0.35 Unit Financing”) issuing 325,536 common shares and 162,759 common share purchase warrant for gross proceeds of $113,938. The life of the warrants is 24 months from the grant date, with an exercise price of $0.45. |
| ● | On April 12, 2019, the Company issued 12,000,000 common shares at $0.25 per share to Progressive (Note 5) for a fair value of $3,000,000. |
| ● | On May 25, 2019, the Company issued 47,999,900 common shares to Nova pursuant to the group restructuring of Thompson Bros (Note 4), plus 1 common share to Nova in relation to the intercompany loan re-assignment (Note 7). |
| (d) | Warrants |
The following table summarizes the common share purchase warrants issued and outstanding as at June 30, 2020 and 2019:
| Balance | Balance | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grant Date | Exercise Price | June
30, 2019 | Granted | Exercised | Expired / Terminated | June 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| November 29, 2018 (1) | $ | 0.30 | 2,000,000 | - | - | - | 2,000,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| December 3, 2018 (2) | $ | 0.25 | 160,000 | - | - | - | 160,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2018 (3) | $ | 0.45 | 357,141 | - | - | - | 357,141 | |||||||||||||||||
| March 18, 2019 (4) | $ | 0.45 | 162,759 | - | (250 | ) | - | 162,509 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | 2,679,900 | - | (250 | ) | - | 2,679,650 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted Average Exercise Price | $ | 0.29 | - | $ | 0.45 | - | $ | 0.29 | ||||||||||||||||
| (1) | The expiry date of the warrants granted are variable based on the incurrence of the Company going public and listing on a Canadian stock exchange. Accordingly, the expiry date of the warrants is the earlier of: |
| ● | 60 months from the grant date; or |
| ● | 24 months from the Company completing a listing on a Canadian stock exchange. |
| (2) | The expiry date of these broker warrants granted are variable based on the incurrence of the Company going public and listing on a Canadian stock exchange. Accordingly, the expiry date of the warrants is the earlier of: |
| ● | 60 months from the grant date; or |
| ● | 24 months from the Company completing a listing on a Canadian stock exchange |
F-32
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 6 – SHARE CAPITAL AND RESERVES (continued)
| (3) | The expiry date of the warrants granted are variable based on the incurrence of the Company going public and listing on a Canadian stock exchange. Accordingly, the expiry date of the warrants is the earlier of: |
| ● | 60 months from the grant date; or |
| ● | 24 months from the Company completing a listing on a Canadian stock exchange |
| (4) | The expiry date of the warrants granted is March 15, 2021. |
As at June 30, 2020, the weighted average remaining contractual life of the warrants is 3.26 years (June 30, 2019 - 4.26 years).
Applying the residual approach, the Company determined that the fair value of the 2,519,911 warrants issued (excluding the broker warrants) during the year ended June 30, 2019 was $nil. Using the Black Scholes valuation model, the Company determined the fair value of the 160,000 Finder’s Warrants issued during the year ended June 30, 2019 to be $26,480 based on the following assumptions: expected life: 3.33 years; volatility: 100%; dividend yield: nil; risk-free rate: 2.16%, market price: $0.25; and exercise price of $0.25.
For warrants with variable expiry dates the average determined fair value under both scenarios was used to determine the average fair value of those warrants
| (e) | Stock Options |
The following table summarizes the stock options issued and outstanding as at June 30, 2020 and 2019:
| Exercise | Balance | Expired / | Balance | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Grant Date | Price | June 30, 2019 | Granted | Exercised | Terminated | June 30, 2020 | ||||||||||||||||||
| May 24, 2019 (1) | $ | 0.50 | 5,200,000 | - | - | (1,100,000 | ) | 4,100,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | 5,200,000 | - | - | (1,100,000 | ) | 4,100,000 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted Average Exercise Price | $ | 0.50 | - | - | $ | 0.50 | $ | 0.50 | ||||||||||||||||
| (1) | The options vested on issuance and have an expiry date of May 24, 2023. |
| (2) | Subsequent to the year ended June 30, 2020, 800,000 options were cancelled as the result of the resignation of a director. As the director continued providing advisory services for the Company, the Board of Directors agreed, on February 26, 2021 to reinstate the previously cancelled options. The terms of the options remained unchanged. |
As at June 30, 2020, the weighted average remaining contractual life of the stock options is 2.90 years (June 30, 2019 - 3.90 years).
Using the Black Scholes valuation model, the Company determined that the fair value of the 5,200,000 stock options granted during fiscal 2019 was $1,154,905, based on the following assumptions: expected life: 4.0 years; volatility: 100%; dividend yield: nil; risk-free rate: 1.55%, market price: $0.35; and exercise price of $0.50.
| (f) | Flow-Through Shares |
Flow-through share arrangements involve resource expenditure deductions for income tax purposes which are renounced to purchasers of common shares in accordance with income tax legislation. Each flow-through share entitles the holder to a 100% tax deduction in respect of qualifying Canadian Exploration Expenses (“CEE”) as defined.
The value of the flow-through share liability was determined using the residual value method, after determining the fair value of the common shares and common shares purchase warrants attached to the Flow-Through Share Unit Financing. The Flow-Through Share Unit Financing premium established the flow-through share liability value at $71,249 as at June 30, 2019.
F-33
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 6 – SHARE CAPITAL AND RESERVES (continued)
During the year ended June 30, 2020, the Company satisfied all of its flow-through obligations and recognized a recovery on the statement of loss and comprehensive loss for the full amount of the flow-through share liability.
NOTE 7 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
| (a) | Related Party Transactions |
The Company incurred charges to directors and officers, or to companies associated with these individuals, which are included in the following categories, during the year ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:
June 30, 2020 | June 30, 2019 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Professional and officer consulting fees | 157,743 | 192,280 | ||||||
| Director fees | - | 20,000 | ||||||
| Share based payment | - | 1,088,276 | ||||||
| 157,743 | 1,300,556 | |||||||
Management consulting fees are paid to companies controlled by the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), the President, the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) and the Chief Operating Officer (“COO”). In addition to the above amounts, management and directors received share-based compensation of $Nil for the year ended June 30, 2020 ($1,088,276 – 2019).
| (b) | Related Party Balances |
All related party balances payable, for services and business expense reimbursements rendered as at June 30, 2020 and 2019, are non-interest bearing and payable on demand, and are comprised of the following:
June 30, 2020 | June 30, 2019 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 12,300 | 11,850 | ||||||
| Due to Nova Minerals Ltd. | 205,648 | 206,752 | ||||||
| 217,948 | 218,602 | |||||||
| (c) | Related Party Loan Assignment |
On March 8, 2019, the Company entered into a deed of assignment of debt with Nova and Thompson Bros to facilitate the reassignment of the related party loan from Nova to Snow Lake. Thereby, Snow Lake is now a party to an amount owing from Thompson Bros amounting to $1,519,013. In consideration for the assignment, Snow Lake agreed to issue 1 common share to Nova which has been recorded as an obligation to issue shares of the Company at the value of the assigned loan.
The related party loan is non-interest bearing and with no fixed repayment date or terms. Upon consolidation of these financial statements, the related party loan has been eliminated.
F-34
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 8 – SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE WITH RESPECT TO CASH FLOWS
Significant non-cash transactions for the years ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 were as follows:
June
30, 2020 | June
30, 2019 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets in accounts payable | 54,322 | 26,147 | ||||||
| Issuance of 12,000,000 shares for acquisition of Thompson Property option | - | 3,000,000 | ||||||
| Issuance of shares to Nova in relation to the intercompany loan re-assignment | - | 1,519,013 | ||||||
| Share based remuneration | - | 1,154,905 | ||||||
| 54,322 | 5,700,065 | |||||||
NOTE 9 – FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT
| (a) | Classification and measurement changes |
The Company has assessed the classification and measurement of our financial assets and financial liabilities in the following table:
| Measurement Category | ||||
| Financial assets: | ||||
| Cash | Amortized Cost | |||
| Financial liabilities: | ||||
| Accounts payables | Amortized Cost | |||
| Due to related party | Amortized Cost |
| (b) | Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
As at June 30, 2020, the Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, accounts payable and due to related party. Cash, accounts payable and due to related party are designated as at amortized cost.
IFRS requires disclosures about the inputs to fair value measurements for financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, including their classification within a hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to fair value measurement.
The three levels of hierarchy are:
| Level 1 – | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; |
| Level 2 – | Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices); and |
| Level 3 – | Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data. |
As at June 30, 2020, the Company believes that the carrying values of cash, accounts payable and due to related party approximate their fair values because of their nature and relatively short maturity dates or durations.
F-35
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 9 – FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT (continued)
| (c) | Financial Instruments Risk |
The Company’s financial instruments are exposed in varying degrees to a variety of financial risks. The Board approves and monitors the risk management processes:
| (i) | Credit risk: |
Credit risk exposure primarily arises with respect to the Company’s cash and receivables. The risk exposure is limited because the Company places its instruments in banks of high credit worthiness within Canada and continuously monitors the collection of other receivables.
| (ii) | Liquidity risk: |
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company cannot meet its financial obligations as they become due. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure as far as possible that it will have sufficient liquidity to settle obligations and liabilities when they become due. As at June 30, 2020, the Company had cash of $143,089 (June 30, 2019 - $598,999) and current liabilities in excess of current assets of $189,254 (June 30, 2019 – current assets in excess of current liabilities of $215,177) with total liabilities of $343,734 (June 30, 2019 - $428,604).
| (iii) | Market risk: | |
| a. | Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. A change of 100 basis points in the interest rates would not be material to the financial statements. | |
| b. | Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of the changes in the foreign exchange rates. Assuming all other variables constant, an increase or a decrease of 10% of the Australian dollar against the Canadian dollar, the net loss of the Company and the equity for the year ended June 30, 2020 would have varied by a negligible amount. | |
| c. | The Company had no hedging agreements in place with respect to foreign exchange rates. |
NOTE 10 – CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
The Company’s objective when managing capital is to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern such that it can provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders. The management of the capital structure is based on the funds available to the Company in order to support the acquisition, exploration and development of mineral properties and to maintain the Company in good standing with the various regulatory authorities. In order to maintain or adjust its capital structure, the Company may issue new shares, sell assets to settle liabilities, issue debt instruments or return capital to its shareholders. The Company monitors its capital structure and makes adjustments in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets.
NOTE 11 – SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company has determined that it has one reportable operating segment, being the acquisition, exploration, and devaluation of mineral properties located in Canada. At June 30, 2020, all of the Company’s operating and capital assets are located in Canada.
NOTE 12 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company does not have any future operating commitments at June 30, 2020, while the only undiscounted liabilities are the accounts payable and accrued liabilities which are due within one year and as at June 30, 2020 are $125,786 (June 30, 2019 – $150,603).
F-36
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 13 – INCOME TAXES
Income tax expense differs from the amount that would result by applying the combined Canadian federal and provincial income tax rates to net income before income taxes. The statutory rate in Canada was 27% (2019 – 27%) for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.
June
30, 2020 | June
30, 2019 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Loss before income taxes | 182,116 | 1,528,702 | ||||||
| Combined federal and provincial statutory income tax rates | 27 | % | 27 | % | ||||
| Income tax recovery at statutory rates | 49,171 | 412,757 | ||||||
| Non-deductible differences | 18,711 | (311,824 | ) | |||||
| Change in unrecognized deductible temporary differences | (67,882 | ) | (100,933 | ) | ||||
| Total income tax recovery | - | - | ||||||
Unrecognized deductible temporary differences
The income tax benefit of the following deductible temporary differences has not been recorded in these financial statements because of the uncertainly of their recovery:
| June 30, 2020 | June 30, 2019 | |||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Non-capital losses carried forward | 169,751 | 103,166 | ||||||
| Exploration and evaluation assets | (60,266 | ) | (22,252 | ) | ||||
| Share issue costs | 5,409 | 7,212 | ||||||
| 114,894 | 88,126 | |||||||
Non-capital losses carried forward
The Company has non-capital tax losses available to reduce taxes in future years of approximately $629,000 (2019 – $371,000). These losses have expiry dates between 2039 and 2040.
Tax attributes are subject to review, and potential adjustment, by tax authorities
F-37
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)
NOTE 14 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Issuance of Convertible Debentures and Warrants:
In February 2021, the company closed subscription agreements (the “Agreement”) with investors where Snow Lake issued convertible debt (the “Debentures”) for a total of $865,263 (the “Subscribed Amount”). The Debentures were sold at a discount of 5% for net proceeds of $820,000.
Under the terms of the Agreement, the Subscribed Amount plus interest accrued, at a rate which should be the higher of (i) 12% per annum or (ii) Wall Street Prime Rate (currently approximately 3.3%) + 7%, and is convertible, at the option of the Debenture holder, into common shares of the Company at a price of $0.25 per share. The conversion future expires (the “Expiry
Date”) on the earlier of twenty-four months from execution, or the closing of a registered public offering (the “Liquidity Transaction”).
As part of the Agreement, subscribers received two warrants for each undiscounted $1 of debt financed. The warrants are exercisable at $0.30 and will expire 2 years after the Company achieves a public listing and the shares underlying the warrants are freely tradable.
In addition, The Company also issued 75,000 compensation warrants carrying the same terms of the mentioned Debenture Warrants.
In the event of a default the interest should be the lesser of 24% per annum and the maximum legally authorized rate. The Company has the right to repay the note prior to maturity at 110% of the then outstanding principal and interest. The Company must provide 30 days’ notice and the Lender shall have the right to convert prior to the 30-day notice expiration.
Warrants exercised
Subsequent to the reporting period, warrant-holders exercised 10,850 warrants at an exercise price of $0.45 per share and 151,659 warrants expired.
F-38
Common Shares
SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD.
Preliminary Prospectus
ThinkEquity
a division of Fordham Financial Management, Inc.
[ ], 2021
Through and including [ ], 2021 (the 25th day after the date of this offering), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS
| Item 6. | Indemnification of Directors and Officers. |
Under the MCA, we may indemnify our current or former directors or officers or another individual who acts or acted at our request as a director or officer, or an individual acting in a similar capacity, of another entity which the Company is or was a shareholder or creditor of, against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by the individual in respect of any civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or other proceeding in which the individual is involved because of his or her association with us or another entity. The MCA also provides that we may also advance moneys to a director, officer or other individual for costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred in connection with such a proceeding; provided that such individual shall repay the moneys if the individual does not fulfill the conditions described below.
However, indemnification is prohibited under the MCA unless the individual:
| ● | acted honestly and in good faith with a view to our best interests, or the best interests of the other entity for which the individual acted as director or officer or in a similar capacity at our request; and |
| ● | in the case of a criminal or administrative action or proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, the individual had reasonable grounds for believing that his or her conduct was lawful. |
Our bylaws require us to indemnify each of our current or former directors or officers and each individual who acts or acted at our request as a director or officer of another entity which the Company is or was a shareholder or creditor of, as well as their respective heirs and successors, against all costs, charges and expenses, including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment, reasonably incurred by him or her in respect of any civil, criminal or administrative action or proceeding to which he or she is made a party by reason of being or having been a director or officer, except as may be prohibited by the MCA.
Under the form of indemnification agreement filed as an exhibit to this registration statement, we will agree to indemnify our directors and executive officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made by reason of their being such a director or executive officer.
The form of underwriting agreement filed as an exhibit to this registration statement will also provide for indemnification of us and our officers and directors.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
II-1
Item 7. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.
In the past three years, we have issued and sold the securities described below without registering the securities under the Securities Act.
Upon our incorporation, we issued 100 common shares to our parent company, Nova, for a total purchase price of C$1.00 (approximately US$0.73).
On November 29, 2018, we closed a private placement financing, pursuant to which we issued 4,000,000 units at a price of C$0.25 (approximately US$0.18) per unit for aggregate gross proceeds of C$1,000,000 (approximately US$734,538). Each unit is comprised of one common share and a warrant for the purchase of one-half of one (1/2) common share at an exercise price of C$0.30 (approximately US$0.22). The warrants may be exercised at any time until the earlier of (i) five years after the date of issuance or (ii) two years from the completion of a liquidity transaction, which is defined as a business combination with a public company pursuant to a reverse take-over, merger, amalgamation, arrangement, take-over bid, insider bid, reorganization, joint venture, sale or exchange of assets or similar transaction, or an initial public offering. We also issued warrants for the purchase of 160,000 common shares to the broker. This warrant has an exercise price of C$0.25 (approximately US$0.18) and may also be exercised at any time until the earlier of (i) five years after the date of issuance or (ii) two years from the completion of a liquidity transaction.
On December 31, 2018, we closed a private placement financing, pursuant to which we issued 714,285 units at a price of C$0.35 (approximately US$0.26) per unit for aggregate gross proceeds of C$250,000 (approximately US$183,634). Each unit is comprised of one common share and a warrant for the purchase of one-half of one (1/2) common share at an exercise price of C$0.45 (approximately US$0.33). The warrants may be exercised at any time until the earlier of (i) five years after the date of issuance or (ii) two years from the completion of a liquidity transaction (as defined above).
On March 8, 2019, we issued 47,999,900 common shares to Nova in connection with our acquisition of all of the common shares of Thompson Bros. See “Corporate History and Structure” for more information regarding this transaction.
On March 15, 2019, we closed a private placement financing, pursuant to which we issued 325,536 units at a price of C$0.35 (approximately US$0.26) per unit for aggregate gross proceeds of C$113,938 (approximately US$83,295). Each unit is comprised of one common share and a warrant for the purchase of one-half of one (1/2) common share at an exercise price of C$0.45 (approximately US$0.33). The warrants may be exercised at any time until March 15, 2021.
March 28, 2019, we issued 1 common share to Nova in relation to the intercompany loan re-assignment described under “Related Party Transactions” above.
On April 12, 2019, we issued 7,550,000 common shares to Progressive Planet and 1,500,000 common shares to Strider Resources in connection with our acquisition of the TBL property. See “Corporate History and Structure” for more information regarding this transaction.
On February 11, 2020, we issued 250 common shares on the exercise of a warrant for proceeds of C$113 (approximately US$83).
No underwriters were involved in these issuances. We believe that each of the above issuances was exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act or pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act regarding transactions not involving a public offering.
II-2
Item 8. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) Exhibits
II-3
| 10.15 | Form of Independent Director Agreement* | |
| 10.16 | Form of Director Indemnification Agreement* | |
| 10.17 | Form of Underwriter Lock-Up Agreement* | |
| 14.1 | Code of Ethics and Business Conduct (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on March 26, 2021) | |
| 21.1 | List of Subsidiaries (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on March 26, 2021) | |
| 23.1 | Consent of DeVisser Gray LLP† | |
| 23.2 | Consent of Thompson Dorfman Sweatman LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)* | |
| 24.1 | Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this registration statement) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 24.1 to Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed on March 26, 2021) | |
96.1 |
Technical Report Summary and Resource Estimate, Thompson Brothers Lithium Project, Snow Lake Area, Herb lake Mining Division, Manitoba, Canada† | |
| 99.1 | Audit Committee Charter* | |
| 99.2 | Compensation Committee Charter* | |
| 99.3 | Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee Charter* |
| † | Filed herewith. |
| * | To be filed by amendment |
(b) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedules have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the financial statements or the notes thereto.
Item 9. Undertakings.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
| (1) | For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective. |
| (2) | For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
II-4
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-1 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada on the 30th day of July of 2021.
| SNOW LAKE RESOURCES LTD. | ||
| By: | /s/ Philip Gross | |
| Name: | Philip Gross | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
/s/ Philip Gross Philip Gross
|
Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | July 30, 2021 | ||
/s/ Philip Gross* Mario Miranda
|
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | July 30, 2021 | ||
/s/ Philip Gross* Louie Simens |
Chairman of the Board | July 30, 2021 | ||
/s/ Philip Gross* Dale Schultz |
Chief Operating Officer and Director | July 30, 2021 | ||
/s/ Philip Gross* |
Director | July 30, 2021 | ||
| Nachum Labkowski |
| * | Attorney-in-fact |
II-5
SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES
Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of Snow Lake Resources Ltd. has signed this registration statement or amendment thereto in New York on July 30, 2021.
| Authorized U.S. Representative | ||
| By: | /s/ Colleen A. De Vries | |
| Name: | Ms. Colleen A. De Vries | |
| Title: | Senior Vice President on behalf of Cogency Global Inc. | |
II-6
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITOR
We consent to the use in the prospectus constituting a part of this Registration Statement on Form F-1, as it may be amended, of our Independent Auditor’s Report dated May 21, 2021 relating to the audited financial statements of Snow Lake Resources Ltd. for the years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. We also consent to the reference to us under the caption “Experts” in the prospectus.
July 30, 2021
“De Visser Gray LLP”
CHARTERED PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANTS
Exhibit 96.1
Technical Report Summary and Resource Estimate
Thompson Brothers Lithium Project
Snow Lake Area, Herb Lake Mining Division, Manitoba, Canada.
Effective Date: June 9, 2021
Prepared for:
Snow Lake Resources Ltd.
Prepared By:
Canmine Consultants
Nuterra Geoscience
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
DATE AND SIGNATURE PAGE
This Technical Report Summary, entitled “Technical Report Summary and Resource Estimate, Thompson Brothers Lithium Project, Snow Lake Area, Herb Lake Mining Division, Manitoba, Canada” with an effective date of June 9, 2021 was prepared and signed by:
| (Signed) Canmine Consultants | (Signed) Nuterra Geoscience | |
| Canmine Consultants | Nuterra Geoscience | |
| Vancouver, BC | Saskatoon, SK | |
| July 17, 2021 | July 17, 2021 |
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
Contents
| 1.0 | Executive Summary | 1-1 | |||
| 1.1 | Introduction | 1-1 | |||
| 1.2 | Property Description and Ownership | 1-1 | |||
| 1.3 | History | 1-2 | |||
| 1.4 | Geology and Mineralization | 1-3 | |||
| 1.5 | Exploration Status | 1-3 | |||
| 1.6 | Mineral Resource Estimate as at June 9, 2021 | 1-4 | |||
| 1.7 | Interpretation and Conclusions | 1-4 | |||
| 1.8 | Recommendations | 1-5 | |||
| 2.0 | Introduction | 2-1 | |||
| 2.1 | Terms of Reference | 2-1 | |||
| 2.2 | Qualified Persons | 2-2 | |||
| 2.3 | Site Visits and Scope of Personal Inspection | 2-2 | |||
| 2.4 | Effective Dates | 2-2 | |||
| 2.5 | Information Sources and References | 2-2 | |||
| 2.6 | Previous Technical and other Relevant Reports | 2-2 | |||
| 3.0 | Property Description | 3-1 | |||
| 3.1 | Location | 3-1 | |||
| 3.2 | Project Ownership | 3-2 | |||
| 3.3 | Surface Rights | 3-5 | |||
| 3.4 | Permits | 3-5 | |||
| 3.5 | Social License | 3-5 | |||
| 3.6 | Environmental Considerations | 3-5 | |||
| 3.7 | Comments on Section 4 | 3-7 | |||
| 4.0 | Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure, and Physiography | 4-1 | |||
| 4.1 | Accessibility | 4-1 | |||
| 4.2 | Climate | 4-1 | |||
| 4.3 | Local Resources | 4-2 | |||
| 4.4 | Infrastructure | 4-3 | |||
| 4.5 | Physiography | 4-3 | |||
| 4.6 | Seismicity | 4-3 | |||
| 5.0 | History | 5-1 | |||
| 5.1 | Property History | 5-1 | |||
| 5.2 | Production | 5-7 | |||
Page i
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| 6.0 | Geological Setting, Mineralization, and Deposit | 6-1 | |||||
| 6.1 | Regional Geology | 6-1 | |||||
| 6.2 | Surficial Geology | 6-1 | |||||
| 6.3 | Property Geology | 6-2 | |||||
| 6.3.1 | Structural Geology | 6-6 | |||||
| 6.3.2 | Mineralization | 6-6 | |||||
| 6.4 | Deposit Types | 6-8 | |||||
| 6.4.1 | Deposit Models | 6-8 | |||||
| 7.0 | Exploration | 7-1 | |||||
| 7.1 | Exploration | 7-1 | |||||
| 7.2 | Drilling | 7-1 | |||||
| 7.3 | Infill Sampling and Re-logging. | 7-3 | |||||
| 7.4 | Hydrogeology Data | 7-3 | |||||
| 7.5 | Geotechnical Data | 7-3 | |||||
| 8.0 | Sample Preparation, Analyses, and Security | 8-1 | |||||
| 8.1 | Sampling Method and Approach | 8-1 | |||||
| 8.1.1 | 2019 “Re-Sampling” Program | 8-1 | |||||
| 8.2 | Drill Core | 8-3 | |||||
| 8.3 | Bulk Density Determinations | 8-7 | |||||
| 8.4 | Quality Assurance and Quality Control | 8-8 | |||||
| 8.4.1 | Blanks | 8-9 | |||||
| 8.4.2 | Certified Reference Materials (Standards) | 8-9 | |||||
| 8.4.3 | SRC Internal Duplicates | 8-13 | |||||
| 8.4.4 | Duplicates SRC vs SGS | 8-14 | |||||
| 8.4.5 | Comparison of 2017 vs 2018 Reject Re-Analysis: SRC vs Actlabs | 8-14 | |||||
| 9.0 | Data Verification | 9-1 | |||||
| 9.1 | Site Visit | 9-1 | |||||
| 9.2 | Database Verification | 9-2 | |||||
| 9.3 | Comments on Section 9 | 9-2 | |||||
| 10.0 | Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing | 10-1 | |||||
| 11.0 | Mineral Resource Estimates | 11-1 | |||||
| 11.1 | Estimation Method | 11-7 | |||||
| 11.2 | Density | 11-7 | |||||
| 11.2.1 | Cut-Off Grade | 11-7 | |||||
| 11.2.2 | Grade Capping | 11-7 | |||||
Page ii
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| 11.2.3 | Block Model Parameters | 11-9 | |||||
| 11.2.4 | Interpolation and Search Factors | 11-10 | |||||
| 11.3 | Classification | 11-13 | |||||
| 11.4 | Factors That May Affect the Mineral Resource Estimate | 11-14 | |||||
| 11.5 | Comment on Section 11 | 11-15 | |||||
| 12.0 | Mineral Reserves Estimates | 12-1 | |||||
| 13.0 | Mining Methods | 13-1 | |||||
| 14.0 | Processing and Recovery Methods | 14-1 | |||||
| 15.0 | Infrastructure | 15-1 | |||||
| 16.0 | Market Studies | 16-1 | |||||
| 17.0 | Environmental Studies, Permitting, and Plans, Negotiations, or Agreements with Local Individuals or Groups | 17-1 | |||||
| 18.0 | Capital and Operating Costs | 18-1 | |||||
| 19.0 | Economic Analysis | 19-1 | |||||
| 20.0 | Adjacent Properties | 19-1 | |||||
| 21.0 | Other Relevant Data and Information | 21-1 | |||||
| 22.0 | Interpretation and Conclusions | 22-1 | |||||
| 23.0 | Recommendations | 23-1 | |||||
| 24.0 | References | 24-1 | |||||
| 25.0 | Reliance on Information Provided by the Registrant | 25-1 | |||||
Tables
| Table 3-1 TBL Mineral Claims, Blocks A and B | 3-4 | |
| Table 4-1 - Snow Lake Climate Data (From TBL Assessment Report dated July 3, 2018) | 4-2 | |
| Table 5-1 – Summary of Drill Results completed by Combine Developments Ltd., 1955 – 1956 (Dufresne, 2009) | 5-3 | |
| Table 6-1 - Classification of LCT Type Pegmatites (modified from Cerny 1991) | 6-10 | |
| Table 8-1 - Summary statistics for sampled drill core intervals in the database | 8-1 | |
| Table 8-2 – Assay Detection Limits | 8-5 | |
| Table 8-3 - Summary Statistics of Bulk Density Measurements | 8-7 | |
| Table 8-4 - Analytical Results from Certified Reference Standards | 8-9 | |
| Table 8-5 - Summary Statistics for SRC Reject Duplicate Analysis | 8-13 | |
| Table 8-6 - Comparison by Mineralized Drill Hole Intersections: SRC vs Actlabs | 8-14 | |
| Table 11-1 - Resource Estimate for the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project as at June 9, 2021 | 11-1 | |
| Table 11-2 - Block Model Parameters for the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | 11-10 |
Page iii
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
Figures
| Figure 3-1 General Location Map | 3-1 | |
| Figure 3-2 - Claim Map, Thompson Brothers Lithium Property | 3-3 | |
| Figure 6-1 - Regional Geology | 6-1 | |
| Figure 6-2 - Surficial Geology | 6-2 | |
| Figure 6-3 - Property Geology | 6-3 | |
| Figure 7-1 - Geology and Drill Hole Location Map for the TB-1, 2 and 3 Pegmatites | 7-1 | |
| Figure 8-1 - Histogram of sampled drill core interval widths | 8-2 | |
| Figure 8-2 – Technical Aspects of the Sample Preparation Procedures | 8-4 | |
| Figure 8-3 - Scatter Plot of Bulk Density Measurements | 8-7 | |
| Figure 8-4 - Scatter Plot of Inserted Blanks | 8-9 | |
| Figure 8-5 - Scatter Plot of Certified Reference Standard OREAS 147 | 8-10 | |
| Figure 8-6 - Scatter Plot of Certified Reference Standard OREAS 148 | 8-11 | |
| Figure 8-7 - Scatter Plot of Certified Reference Standard OREAS 149 | 8-12 | |
| Figure 8-8 – SRC Reject Duplicate Analysis and Scatter Plot Grade Comparison | 8-13 | |
| Figure 8-9 - SRC vs SGS Duplicate Analysis and Scatter Plot Grade Comparison | 8-14 | |
| Figure 8-10 - Correlation Plot of Duplicates: SRC vs Actlabs | 8-15 | |
| Figure 11-1 – Long Section View of Grade Distribution of Ind. & Inf. Resource | 11-2 | |
| Figure 11-2 - Long Section of Grade Distribution of Indicated Resource | 11-3 | |
| Figure 11-3 - Plan View of Topography (Coloured = Block Model at Surface) | 11-3 | |
| Figure 11-4 - Oblique View of Topography with Grade Distribution (below topo) | 11-4 | |
| Figure 11-5 - Oblique View with Drill Holes and Grade Shell | 11-4 | |
| Figure 11-6 - Bing Maps Plan Regional View of the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | 11-5 | |
| Figure 11-7 - Bing Maps Plan Site View of the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | 11-6 | |
| Figure 11-8 - Decile Plot and Accompanying Table of Values | 11-8 | |
| Figure 11-9 – Long Section View of the Search Ellipse Orientation | 11-12 | |
| Figure 11-10 - Variogram Model | 11-12 |
Page iv
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| 1.0 | Executive Summary |
| 1.1 | Introduction |
CanMine Consultants (“CanMine”) and Nuterra Geoscience were retained by the Snow Lake Resources Ltd. (“SLR” or “the Company”) to co-author a Technical Report Summary (“TRS”) on the exploration stage Thompson Brothers Lithium Property (“the Project” or “the Property”) located in the Snow Lake Area, Herb Lake Mining Division, Manitoba, Canada. This TRS conforms to United States Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Modernized Property Disclosure Requirements for Mining Registrants as described in Subpart 229.1300 of Regulation S-K, Disclosure by Registrants Engaged in Mining Operations (“S-K 1300”) and Item 601 (b)(96) Technical Report Summary.
This report may be used by SLR for financing purposes and/or completing a qualifying transaction.
| 1.2 | Property Description and Ownership |
The Thompson Brothers Lithium Property is located approximately 20 km east of Snow Lake, Manitoba and comprises 38 contiguous mineral claims in two blocks, covering a total of 5,596 ha. All claims are registered with the Manitoba Department of Agriculture and Resource Development.
Block A comprises 20 contiguous mineral claims, is 100% owned by Snow Lake (Crowduck) Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of SLR, covering 2,277 ha, and is subject to a 2% underlying Net Smelter Return with a 1% buy back for $1 million dollars (Canadian).
Block B comprises 18 contiguous mineral claims, covering 3,319 ha and is 100% owned by Snow Lake (Crowduck) Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of SLR. These claims were staked in March and April of 2018 to cover several pegmatite dyke occurrences to the west and north of the original Block A claim group.
The Thompson Brothers Lithium Property is at the exploration stage. Recent drilling has demonstrated that significant lithium mineralization occurs on the Property.
Page 1-1
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| 1.3 | History |
The highlights of the exploration history are summarized as follows:
| ● | In 1942, Sherritt Gordon Mines drilled 20 holes (totalling 632 m), testing one of 2 spodumene bearing pegmatite dykes located on the east side of the narrows linking Wekusko Lake to Crowduck Bay. |
| ● | in 1956, Combined Developments Ltd. explored parts of the Property. The area was prospected, mapped and 26 cored drill holes were completed on the TB-1 pegmatite (totalling 2,356 m). |
| ● | For a period of over 10 years, the Thompson brothers explored part of the Property. They completed several trenches and sampling. In 1978, they cored their 1st drill hole to a depth of 28.2 m. In 1979, hole # 1 was deepened to 58.6 m. In 1981, the Thompson brothers cored their 2nd drill hole. Hole # 2 was drilled to a depth of 61 m. |
| ● | In 1995, minor trenching and sampling of the TB-1 dyke was completed by Strider Resources Inc. In 1996, a 1,600 m by 400 m grid was cut with lines spaced at 50 m intervals. In 1997, a three-hole drill program, totalling 930 m, was completed. |
| ● | In April 2016, Ashburton Ventures Inc. optioned the TBL Property from Strider Resources Inc. and entered into an Option Agreement with Manitoba Minerals Pty Ltd., a subsidiary of Nova Minerals Ltd. Parts of the Property were prospected and an attempt was made to locate the historical drill holes. Nine surface samples of pegmatite were assayed. In the fall of 2016, a modest program of prospecting and soil sampling was completed. In the winter of 2017, 5 drill holes totalling 1,007 m were cored. |
| ● | During the winter of 2018, Manitoba Minerals Pty Ltd. cored 19 drill holes totalling 3,798 m focussing on the TB pegmatite cluster. |
| ● | In July 2018, Nova Minerals Inc. (Nova) released an inferred resource estimate of 6.3 Mt @ 1.38% Li2O. The estimate was completed in accordance with the JORC Code, 2012 Edition when taking into consideration data density, deposit geometry, likely extensions and possible interpretation alternatives. This historic Mineral Resource estimate is not considered as a current estimate and has been superseded by the current Mineral Resource estimate. |
Page 1-2
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| 1.4 | Geology and Mineralization |
The pegmatite dyke in the Thompson Brothers Project has been modelled as an intrusion into a pebble metaconglomerate / greywacke group of host sediments. The dyke has been interpreted as sub vertical, dipping towards 130° azimuth. The strike of the body has minor variations around a general trend azimuth of 040°, the dip of the dike is observed as sub-vertical, and an interpreted plunge to the mineralization of 60° to the north is based on visual trends seen from the assays. The dyke carries both mineralised and un-mineralised pegmatite as identified by the presence of spodumene as the lithium bearing mineral. Only the lithium bearing pegmatite has been modelled in this instance which extends for a total length of 1,012 m ranging in true thickness from a maximum of 18 m to a minimum of 1.8 m; however, mineralisation has not been closed off either at depth or to the north or south of the drilled area.
The strike of the dyke is generally orientated between 20° and 40° offset from the apparent foliation in the surrounding country rock and there is outcropping evidence of additional mineralised and un-mineralised pegmatite in the area that is yet to be defined in terms of size and or orientation.
| 1.5 | Exploration Status |
In the fall of 2016, a modest program of prospecting and soil sampling was completed by the Registrant (as a subsidiary of Nova Minerals and prior to the formation of Snow Lake Resources). In the winter of 2017, five drill holes totalling 1,007 m in length targeting the TB-1 pegmatite were cored (TBL-1 to 5). During the winter of 2018, 19 additional drill holes totalling 3,798 m in length were cored on the Property (TBL-15 to 24). Drill sections and plans were prepared, and interpretations of the geology and mineralization completed by SLR. A project data base has been created and a geological model for the deposit has been developed.
Metallurgical Test Work
While some preliminary metallurgical testing has been carried out by prior owners of the property, Snow Lake Resources has not completed any metallurgical testing programs. Metallurgical testing programs are currently in progress.
Page 1-3
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| 1.6 | Mineral Resource Estimate as at June 9, 2021 |
Cut-Off 0.3 Li2O% |
Tonnes (t) | Grade Li2O% | Li2O tonnes |
| Indicated | 9,082,600 | 1.00 | 91,200 |
| Inferred | 1,967,900 | 0.98 | 19,300 |
Note 1: CIM Definition Standards (2014) for a Mineral Resource as a “concentration or occurrence of solid material of economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality that there are reasonable prospect for eventual economic extraction”. In this case a 0.30% Li2O cut-off grade was used to estimate the Resource as that is the reasonable grade necessary to cover estimated production costs as per the following criteria:
| Li2O at 6% Price | $US 600.00 | |
| Mining Cost/tonne | $US 20.00 | |
| Processing Cost/tonne | $US 32.00 | |
| Process Recovery | 80% | |
| Transportation Cost/tonne | $US 88.00 of 6% Li2O Concentrate |
Note 2: This Mineral Resource is exclusive of a mineral reserve.
Note 3:
1. Site Infrastructure: Access to power on site will not be a problem,
2. Mine Design: An underground bulk mining method is proposed,
3. Processing Plant: Setting up a processing plant on site should not be a problem,
4. Environmental Compliance and permitting: An environmental baseline study needs to be completed before this can be answered,
5. No other potential complications are known at this time.
| 1.7 | Interpretation and Conclusions |
Based on the site visit and subsequent review of available information on the Thompson Brothers Lithium Property Canmine offers the following interpretations and conclusions:
| ● | The Thompson Brothers Lithium Property is a project of merit that is at the exploration drilling and Resource Estimation stages. |
Page 1-4
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| ● | Lithium mineralization in spodumene bearing pegmatite dykes is the principle deposit type on the Property. |
| ● | The TBL Property comprises 5,108 ha and is host to the TB-1 spodumene bearing, lithium-enriched pegmatite dyke and other targets that could potentially contribute to a future lithium resource. |
| ● | The geology of the mineralized pegmatite dykes is relatively straightforward. The TB-1 pegmatite displays excellent grade continuity and thickness, and it is open along strike in both directions and to depth. |
| ● | The exploration program was implemented using industry best practices. The sample preparation, security, and analytical procedures are adequate, and the results of the QA/QC program evaluated by Canmine are acceptable. The diamond drilling procedures used are consistent with industry standards and Canmine is not aware of any factors that could materially impact the accuracy and reliability of the results. |
| ● | The drill hole database for holes TBL 1 – 28 has been validated; it is complete and up to date. In Canmine’s opinion, these drill hole data and their interpretation can be used to support the planning of future drilling programs and for this Resource Estimate. |
| ● | No significant technical challenges related to exploration and potential development of the deposit(s) have been identified. Areas of uncertainty that may materially impact the Mineral Resource estimate include commodity price assumptions, mining cost assumptions, processing cost assumptions, metal extraction recovery assumptions, and concentrate transport cost assumptions. |
| ● | In Canmine’s opinion, additional drilling could increase the Li2O Resource on the Property. |
| 1.8 | Recommendations |
The TBL Project is now at an advanced stage of exploration and based on the current Resource Estimate is of such quality and quantity that it is reasonable to think that this deposit could potentially have a “reserve estimate” in the future. The following are recommendations to head towards this goal:
| 1. | Design drill holes to test for the extension of lithium mineralization along strike and to depth, especially to the northeast and down plunge to at least -200 elevation (roughly 500 m below surface). |
| 2. | Initiate a Preliminary Economic Study (PEA) to determine if the current Resource could be economic. More advanced mineral processing and recovery studies should be a focus as well as identifying potential customers of a 6% Li2O concentrate. There is a rail line quite close to this property and the cost of transport of the concentrate should be investigated in greater detail. |
| 3. | A conceptual mine plan for the existing Resource should be investigated and this could form part of the PEA Study. |
| 4. | Investigate whether or not it is possible to acquire or become partners with the owners of the nearby “Zoro” lithium bearing pegmatites so that infrastructure, mining, processing and transport costs could be somehow shared. |
| 5. | Continue drilling the TB Deposit to try and increase the resource. |
| 6. | Report drilling results. |
Proposed Budget
| Item | Estimate $US | |||
| 1. Design drill holes to test for the extension of lithium mineralization | $ | 7,500 | ||
| 2/3. Preliminary Economic Study and Conceptual Mine Plan | $ | 150,000 | ||
| 4. Zoro Deposit investigation | $ | 5,000 | ||
| 5. TB Lithium Deposit resource drilling | $ | 410,000 | ||
| 6. Report drilling results | $ | 10,000 | ||
| Total | $ | 582,500 | ||
Page 1-5
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| 2.0 | Introduction |
CanMine Consultants (“CanMine”) and Nuterra Geoscience (“Nuterra”) were retained by the Snow Lake Resources Ltd. (“SLR” or “the Company”) to co-author a Technical Report Summary (“TRS”) on the Thompson Brothers Lithium Property (“the Project” or “the Property”) located in the Snow Lake Area, Herb Lake Mining Division, Manitoba, Canada. The claims are 100% owned by SLR with one block subject to a 2% underlying Net Smelter Return Royalty with 1% buy back for $1.0 Million dollars (Canadian).
The Property encompasses two lithium-enriched pegmatite clusters known as the Thompson Brothers (TB) and Sherritt Gordon (SG) pegmatite dykes.
The Thompson Brothers Lithium Property is at the exploration and resource estimation stages. Recent drilling has demonstrated that significant lithium mineralization occurs on the Property. This report may be used by SLR for financing purposes and/or completing a qualifying transaction.
The purpose of this report is to disclose information on the Property including its history, geology, mineralization, drilling and current Mineral Resource estimate. This TRS conforms to United States Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Modernized Property Disclosure Requirements for Mining Registrants as described in Subpart 229.1300 of Regulation S-K, Disclosure by Registrants Engaged in Mining Operations (“S-K 1300”) and Item 601 (b)(96) Technical Report Summary. This is an updated to an ASX Announcement Release by Nova Minerals Ltd dated June 3, 2021 titled “Thompson Brothers Lithium Project Resource Update”.
Canmine and Nuterra reviewed all relevant historical exploration data pertaining to the Property, completed a site visit and inspected sampling of drill core. The conclusions and recommendations in this report reflect Canmine and Nuterra’s opinions and best judgments in light of the information available at the time of writing. Canmine and Nuterra reserve the right, but will not be obliged, to revise this report and conclusions if additional information becomes known subsequent to the date of this report. Use of this report acknowledges acceptance of the foregoing conditions.
Page 2-1
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| 2.1 | Terms of Reference |
CanMine and Nuterra are independent of SLR and have no beneficial interest in the Thompson Brothers Lithium (TBL) Project. Fees for this TRS are not dependent in whole or in part on any prior or future engagement or understanding resulting from the conclusions of this report.
All measurement units used in this report are metric, and currency is expressed in United States dollars unless stated otherwise.
The geographic projection used for the project maps and surveys is UTM NAD83, Zone 14, NTS: 63JSE13.
| 2.2 | Qualified Persons |
CanMine Consultants served as a Qualified Person (QP) as defined in S-K 1300 for Sections 1 through 4 and 7 through 25.
Nuterra Geoscience , an independent geological consultant, served as a QP as defined in S-K 1300 for Sections 5 and 6 and reviewed Sections 1 through 4 and 7 through 25.
| 2.3 | Site Visits and Scope of Personal Inspection |
The QPs involved in the preparation of this TRS conducted the following site visits:
Frank Hrdy has a residence in the town of Snow Lake and visited the Property several times between 2019 and 2020 when SLR were active in the area. Frank also visited and inspected the drill sites on November 12, 2019.
Carey Galeschuck visited the drill core processing site between March 15 and 17, 2019.
| 2.4 | Effective Dates |
The effective date of this initial TRS is June 9, 2021.
| 2.5 | Information Sources and References |
Information used to support this TRS was derived from sources of information that are cited in the text of this report and listed in Section 24 of this report.
| 2.6 | Previous Technical and other Relevant Reports |
No previous Technical Report Summaries have been completed on the Property. Other disclosures relevant to the Property include Nova Minerals (2021), Nova Minerals (2018a) and Nova Minerals 2018b).
Page 2-2
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| 3.0 | Property Description |
| 3.1 | Location |
The TBL Property is located in north central Manitoba, approximately 20 km east of the mining community of Snow Lake, Manitoba on the east shore of Crowduck Bay near the northeast end of Wekusko Lake, (Figure 3-1). The Property is centred on UTM coordinates 455,000 E 6,080,000 N (NAD83, Zone 14) and lies within the National Topographic System (NTS) map sheet 63JSE13.
Figure 3-1 General Location Map
Page 3-1
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| 3.2 | Project Ownership |
The Thompson Brothers Lithium (TBL) Property comprises 38 contiguous mineral claims in two blocks, covering a total of 5,596 ha which for the purposes of this TRS have been grouped as Block A and Block B, based on underlying Royalties (Figure 3-2). Table 3-1 provides a list of the claim names, numbers, areas ownership and expiry dates. There are no liens or encumbrances to this claim package. All claims are registered with the Manitoba Department of Agriculture and Resource Development. Canmine and Nuterra have not verified the legal aspects of claim tenure and have relied on information provided by the Manitoba Department of Agriculture and Resource Development and SLR. Property surface rights are held by the Crown.
All claims within the group are in “Good Standing” until 2023 to 2030. After that date either $15 dollars per hectare (claims younger than 11 years) or $25 dollar per hectare (claims older than 11 years) of exploration expenses will have to be applied to each claim per year to maintain each claim in “Good Standing”. Snow Lake Resources has over $1,000,000 in reserve assessment credits that can be applied to maintain the land position in “Good Standing” for years to come. There is no yearly lease payments or rentals due on any of the claims within the group.
Block A comprises 20 contiguous mineral claims, is 100% owned and acquired by Snow Lake (Crowduck) Ltd. on February 25, 2020, a wholly owned subsidiary of SLR, covering 2,277 ha, and is subject to 2% underlying Net Smelter Return with a 1% buy back for $1 million dollars (Canadian).
Block B comprises 18 contiguous mineral claims, covering 3,319 ha and is 100% owned by Snow Lake (Crowduck) Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of SLR. These claims were staked in March and April of 2018 to cover several pegmatite dyke occurrences to the west and north of the original Block A claim group.
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Figure 3-2 - Claim Map, Thompson Brothers Lithium Property
Note: Approximate location of the Mineral Resources indicated by the star symbol.
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Table 3-1 TBL Mineral Claims, Blocks A and B
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| 3.3 | Surface Rights |
Mineral claims Manitoba do not give surface rights. In order to carry out mining activities, the site claims must be converted to mineral leases. Mineral claims and leases in Manitoba are currently governed by The Mines and Minerals Act (C.C.S.M. c. M162) which became effective June 4, 2018.
| 3.4 | Permits |
Work and drill permits are required to carry out exploration programs. They can be received as early as within two weeks be submitting an application to the office Conservation and Climate in the Pas, Manitoba. There are no application fees associated with this level of permitting.
| 3.5 | Social License |
The Thompson Brothers Project occurs within the immediate area of the historic mining town of Snow Lake and as such very little negative community and social impact is evident. Exploration and mine development has been a part of the local community for 80 years. Currently the Project is an early stage exploration project. Accordingly, environmental studies have not been undertaken. There are no active First Nation Bands within the Snow Lake Region.
| 3.6 | Environmental Considerations |
Snow Lake Resource is currently in contact with a major Canadian Engineering firms and is discussing the timing of a future baseline environment study. This baseline study will be the foundation of the permitting process.
Baseline Studies - It is envisioned by Snow Lake Resources that the following Baseline Studies will be required.
| ● | Hydrology and Water Quality/Quantity |
| ● | Hydrogeology |
| ● | Geochemistry and Soils |
| ● | Terrestrial Biology |
| ● | Aquatic Biology |
| ● | Archaeology |
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| ● | Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment |
| ● | Climate and Air Quality |
| ● | Noise and Vibration |
Permitting - The Environmental assessment (EA) and permitting framework for metal mining has been well established in Canada. The federal and provincial EA processes provide a mechanism for reviewing major projects to assess potential impacts to the environment. Once the project description for Snow Lake is sufficiently developed, it will be possible to determine if any federal or provincial EAs are required.
Following a successful EA, the operation undergoes a permitting phase to allow the operations to proceed. The project is regulated through all phases (construction, operation, closure and post-closure) by both federal and provincial agencies. The following list summarizes the various applicable federal and provincial acts for which permits and approvals may be required for the project:
Provincial Legislation
| ● | Workplace Safety and Health Act (Operation of Mines Regulation 212/2011) |
| ● | The Building and Mobile Home Act |
| ● | The Crown Lands Act |
| ● | The Mines and Minerals Act |
| ● | The Fisheries Act |
| ● | The Animal Care Act |
| ● | The Wildlife Act |
| ● | The Forest Act |
| ● | The Endangered Species and Ecosystem Act |
| ● | The Wildfire Act |
| ● | The Environment Act |
| ● | The Water Protection Act |
| ● | The Water Rights Act |
| ● | The Drinking Water Safety Act |
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| ● | The Manitoba Hydro Act |
| ● | The Highways and Transportation Act |
| ● | The Heritage Resources Act |
Federal Legislation
| ● | Fisheries Act (Section 35) Approvals |
| ● | Species at Risk Act |
| ● | Metal and Diamond Mining Effluent Regulations (regulated under the Fisheries Act) |
| ● | Canadian Environmental Protection Act |
| ● | Impact Assessment Act, 2019 |
| ● | Explosives Act |
| ● | Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act |
| ● | Aeronautic Approvals |
| ● | NAV CANADA |
| ● | Nuclear Safety and Control Act |
Socio-economic Effects and Community Engagement - An assessment of health, social and economic effects will be required for all communities affected by the project both Indigenous and non-Indigenous. Conditions will be assessed on direct and indirect effects of the project using both qualitative and quantitative data collections. Data collected may also be used to formulate any Impact Benefit Agreements with Indigenous Groups that may be required.
Public participation including Indigenous community engagement is a necessary component of an effective mine project and is a required component of provincial and federal regulatory and permitting processes. The goal is to identify any social or environmental concerns or issues raised about the proposed project early in the process to prevent permitting delays. Traditional knowledge collected during all phases of the project is strongly encouraged to incorporate this valuable information into the management planning for the site. A list of the Indigenous groups who may be impacted by the project can be provided through discussions with Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada.
| 3.7 | Comments on Section 4 |
Permits will be required for any future project exploration or development. To the extent known, there are no other significant factors and risks that may affect access, title, or right or ability to perform work on the Project.
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| 4.0 | Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure, and Physiography |
| 4.1 | Accessibility |
The Property is located approximately 20 km east of the town of Snow Lake in north central Manitoba. Snow Lake is located some 684 km north of Winnipeg, a 7 hr (700 km) drive on well maintained, paved roadways. Daily flights are available from Winnipeg to both Flin Flon and Thompson with Calm Air. Flin Flon is a 2 hr (200 km) drive west on paved highway to Snow Lake. Thompson is a 2.5 hr (260 km) drive northeast from Snow Lake on paved highway.
Summer access to the Property may be gained by boat, traveling about 20 km west from Bartlett’s Landing across Wekusko Lake to the narrows leading into Crowduck Bay. Winter access across Wekusko Lake to the Property can be gained by ice road connecting to a network of bush roads leading to the drill sites. Alternative winter access may be gained by traveling about 25 km north on bush roads north from Highway 39. Helicopter access is easily afforded year-round.
| 4.2 | Climate |
The Snow Lake region is marked by short, cool summers and long, cold winters (Table 4-1). The region has a sub-humid high boreal climate.
The mean summer temperature is 12.5° C and the mean winter temperature is -18.5° C. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 17.0 °C. January is the coldest month, averaging -23.3° C. The mean annual temperature is approximately -2.5° C. The area is generally clear of snow cover between the beginning of June and the end of September. Work can be conducted in this area all year. Access can be made via bush road, boat (in spring, summer and fall) and by air via helicopter.
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Snow Lake region is generally clear of snow cover between the beginning of June and the end of September. Typically winter drilling programs are conducted from December to March 31st by support of an ice road. This is followed by 2.0 month period where no work is preformed due to “break up”. Then from June to the end of September spring and summer field work is conducted. This can include Diamond drilling supported by a helicopter. The Period from October to the end of November is “freeze up” and no work programs are conducted.
The mean annual precipitation is about 450 mm, 35% as snow. The least amount of precipitation occurs in February, averaging 16 mm. The most rainfall occurs in July, averaging 74 mm. Average monthly winds for the area range from 10 km/hr to 13 km/hr, with 40 % of the winds originating from the NW, NE or N. Exploration activities can be carried out all year around.
Local vegetation consists of closed stands of black spruce and jack pine, with lesser aspen, white birch, white spruce and balsam fir. Permafrost may occur locally in organic deposits. Wildlife includes moose, black bear, lynx, wolf, barren-ground caribou, beaver, muskrat, snowshoe hare and red-backed vole. Bird species include raven, common loon, spruce grouse, bald eagle, grey jay, hawk owl and waterfowl, including ducks and geese.
Table 4-1 - Snow Lake Climate Data (From TBL Assessment Report dated July 3, 2018)
| 4.3 | Local Resources |
Snow Lake is the closest community to the property. Snow Lake had a permanent resident population of 899 in 2016 and has 498 private dwellings. There are two small residential subdivisions located on Wekusko Lake along Highway 392, as well as cottages at Herb Lake and Cotes Landings. There are also a small number of seasonal remote cabins located on Wekusko Lake. The Wekusko Falls Provincial Park (88 ha) is located on the east side of Wekusko Lake and offers camping. The Wekusko Falls Lodge provides accommodations and meals.
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Snow Lake is an established mining community and has the infrastructure in place to support exploration and mining operations in the region. Services include a health facility staffed with two doctors, ambulance, fire truck, a 3-person RCMP detachment, RBC bank, grocery and hardware stores, two hotels/motels, three service stations, a kindergarten to grade 12 school, a hockey arena, a five-sheet curling rink and a nine-hole golf course. A small craft charter service operates out of the community of Snow Lake, where small planes and helicopters can be chartered. There is a 1,100 m by 20 m municipal gravel airstrip located approximately 8.5 km northwest of the property. The nearest rail access is at the Wekusko siding, approximately 65 km southeast of the property.
The nearest larger population centres include Flin Flon (208 km), and Thompson (260 km), both accessible by paved highway. Flin Flon, with a population of 7,000, is a nearby provincial regional government centre and a major service and supply centre for the region. The nearest full-service commercial airport is located at Baker’s Narrows, near Flin Flon. The nearest international airport is located in Winnipeg.
The Snow Lake region has a history of virtually continuous production from a series of base and precious metal since mines 1949. Hudbay Minerals Inc. (Hudbay) currently operates the Lalor mine, located about 8 km west of Snow Lake Hudbay also operates a 2,700 tonne per day zinc and copper concentrator in Snow Lake.
In November 2018, Hudbay announced its intention to cease mining and milling operations in Flin Flon by 2021. The Lalor mine is expected to transition from a zinc rich base metal mine to copper-gold rich mine in 2022 and plans to refurbish the New Britannia gold mill in Snow Lake to process this mineralization.
| 4.4 | Infrastructure |
Gridding, trenching, stripping and road building in the target areas on the Property should be easily accomplished. Ample water is available for drilling purposes.
There are no permanent or temporary structures on the Property and SLR has not established any exploration infrastructure on the property.
The area of the Property is sufficiently large to host a mining operation. A power line traverses the southern extremity of the Property. The valley located directly east of the Property could serve as a potential tailing storage area. Winter access roads to the Property can be used for hauling purposes.
| 4.5 | Physiography |
The Property is located along the southern edge of the Precambrian Shield within the Wekusko Eco-district, Churchill River Upland Eco-region, Boreal Shield Eco-zone.
The Property straddles Crowduck Bay at the northeastern end of Lake Wekusko. Wekusko Lake is a large, shallow body of water covering an area of approximately 25 km long by 3 to 10 km wide. Crowduck Bay is part of a long (12 km) narrow channel leading to the Grass River that continues towards the northeast. Most of the shoreline of Crowduck Bay is flanked by steep, 15 to 20 m slopes. The lake elevation is approximately 257.5 m ASL and the highest topographical point on the Property is approximately 305 m ASL. Most ridges and low-lying areas trend towards the northeast.
The dominant soils are well to excessively drained dystic brunisols that have developed on shallow, sandy and stony veneers of water-worked glacial till overlying bedrock. Significant areas consist of peat-filled depressions with very poorly drained Typic and Terric Fibrisolic and Mesisolic Organic soils overlying loamy to clayey glaciolacustrine sediments.
| 4.6 | Seismicity |
The project area is located in central Manitoba, one of the least seismically active areas in Canada.
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| 5.0 | History |
The original pegmatite discovery in the region occurred in 1931 on claims staked by Peter Konbar. By 1932, three pegmatites were outlined from field work. These became known as the Sherritt Gordon Pegmatites, now referred to by the company as the SG Pegmatites. Subsequent exploration in the region by several other companies discovered further pegmatites in 1953 (Green Bay Pegmatites) and 1955 (Violet Pegmatites, now referred to as the Thompson Brothers Pegmatite). The pegmatites were renamed to acknowledge the contribution of the Thompson brothers who worked the Property early in its history.
| 5.1 | Property History |
Table 5-1, and 5-2 summarize the available results for historic drill holes. Figure 5-1 shows the location of all known historic drill holes.
| 1942: | SHERRITT GORDON MINES |
Sherritt Gordon Mines explored part of the Property on the east side Wekusko Lake. In 1942, 20 drill holes totalling 632 m were cored testing one of 2 spodumene bearing pegmatite dykes (MMNR Assessment Report 92182). Both dykes were mapped and sampled (MMNR Assessment Report 92182).
| 1956: | CJ POWER |
CJ Power explored several pegmatite dykes to the north of the TB pegmatites, with 5 drill hole program totalling 246 m and excavating trenches on several islands in Crowduck Bay. The holes intersected pegmatites, but no spodumene was noted in the drill logs and no assays were completed (Wendeborn, 1956; MMRD Assessment Report 90074).
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Table 5-1 – Summary of Drill Results completed by Combine Developments Ltd., 1955 – 1956 (Dufresne, 2009)
Table 5-2 – Summary of Drill Results completed by Strider Resources Ltd., 1997 (Dufresne, 2009)
Figure 5-1 – Location Map of the Historic Drill Holes
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| 1956: | MAGNETAWAN IRON MINES LIMITED |
Magnetawan Iron Mines explored part of the Property for copper and nickel on the northeast shore of Crowduck Bay. The area was mapped, and ground magnetic and electromagnetic surveys were completed. Poor results were obtained. The program consisted of all 11 drill holes, totalling 1,381 m (McGill, 1956; MMNR Assessment Report 90071).
| 1956: | COMBINED DEVELOPMENTS LTD |
Combined Developments explored part of the Property in 1956 (MMNR Assessment Reports 90098 and 90099). The Property was prospected and mapped. A 26 drill hole program was completed on the TB-1 pegmatite totalling 2,356 m (MMNR Assessment Report 90099).
| 1976-1987: | THOMPSON BROTHERS |
For a period of over 10 years, the Thompson brothers explored the property. They completed trenching and sampling (MMNR Assessment Reports 99525 and 99905). In 1978, one their first drill hole was completed. Hole # 1 was drilled to a depth of 28.2 m. In 1979, hole # 1 was deepened to 58.6 m (MMNR Assessment Report 93360). In 1981, the Thompson brothers drilled a second drill hole. Hole # 2 was drilled to a depth of 61 m (Thompson, 1984; MMNR Assessment Report 70151).
| 1989: | LAKEFIELD RESEARCH |
Lakefield Research metallurgical test work produced a spodumene concentrate from a sample taken from a trench on claim ADD 13. The assay head grade of the rock sample was 2.93% Li2O. The resulting concentrate was 5.19% Li2O (Dufrene, 2009, MMNR Assessment Report 93474).
| 1995-1997: | STRIDER RESOURCES INC. |
In 1995 minor trenching and sampling of the TB-1 dyke was completed by Strider Resources Inc. In 1996 a 1,600 m by 400 m grid was cut on the Property with lines spaced at 50 m intervals. In 1997 a 3 drill hole program, totalling 930 m, was completed (Ziehlke, 1997; MMNR Assessment Report 73154). The work was financed by Carta Resources Ltd. of Vancouver. See Table 5-2 for results of the 1997 drilling program.
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| 2007: | BLACK PEARL MINERALS |
In December 2007, Black Pearl Minerals entered into an option agreement with Strider to earn 100 % interest in the Property. Black Pearl did not complete any field work on the project and in January 2009 they returned the Property to Strider Resources (Dufresne, 2009).
| 2009: | FORBES AND MANHATTAN INC |
In March 2009 Forbes and Manhattan entered into an option agreement with Strider to earn 100 % interest in the Property. No work appears to have been done by Forbes beyond the preparation of a Technical Report (Dufresne, R., 2009).
| 2012: | BISON GOLD RESOURCES INC. |
In the fall of 2012, Bison Gold collected 266 soil samples on the southwest side of Crowduck Bay. Although the results were poor, one sample yielded an anomalous Li value on trend from a known pegmatite occurrence located on the shore of Crowduck Bay (Benson, 2012: MMRD Assessment Report 63J12153).
| 2016: | ASHBURTON VENTURES INC / MANITOBA MINERALS PTY LTD. |
In April 2016, Ashburton optioned the TBL Property from Strider and entered into an Option Financing agreement with Manitoba Minerals PTY Ltd.,(MMPL) a subsidiary of Nova Minerals. Parts of the TBL Property were prospected and an attempt was made to locate the historical drill holes. Nine surface samples of pegmatite were assayed (Dahrourge, 2016). In the fall of 2016, a program of prospecting and soil sampling was completed. In the winter of 2017, a 5 drill hole program totaling 1,007 m was completed on the TB-1 pegmatite. No report summarizing this work was completed; however, the data files (Dahrourge, 2017) are available and has been reviewed as part of this report. Quantum changed its name to Nova Minerals Inc. on December 15, 2017. Ashburton Ventures Inc. changed its name to Progressive Planet solutions Inc. on May 31, 2018
| 2018: | MANITOBA MINERALS PTY LTD/NOVA MINERALS INC |
Manitoba Minerals Pty Ltd. carried out a 19 drill holes program totalling 3,798.34 m on the TBL property. The results of this work are summarized in an assessment report prepared by Schultz (2018). In March 2018, MMPL staked an additional 18 mineral claims (Block B, 3,319 ha) contiguous with the original TBL Property (Block A, 2,277 ha) (. These Block B claims have been transferred to Snow Lake (Crowduck) Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of SLR.
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Dahrouge Geological from 2016 to 2017 on by half of Manitoba Minerals conducted 2 modest programs of prospecting, outcrop mapping, surface rock sampling (9 samples) and soil sampling (942 samples). Rock sampling results confirmed historical grades for the main pegmatite. Some historical trenches and drill holes were located on the property by Dahrouge.
Soil sampling conducted by BlackFly on behalf on Manitoba Minerals in 2018 did not yield any new exploration targets.
Metallurgical Test Work - The Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC) in 2018 completed a preliminary metallurgical testing program on the Thompson Brother Lithium Project (Xia, L. and Adeoye, A., 2018). The primary objective of the preliminary testing program was to produce a spodumene concentrate with +6.0% Li2O that would be sent to battery manufactures in Asia for tests work in the conversion to carbonates or hydroxide for battery production. Tests carried out during this preliminary testing program included preliminary flotation testing only and more extensive tests are in progress.
In May of 2018 Nova Minerals began the process of spinning out the Thompson Brothers Lithium by forming a New Canadian Company called Snow Lake Resources. Nova transferred all the Thompson Brother claims in the New Company and retained a 74% controlling share of the New Company.
| 2018: | SNOW LAKE RESOURCES |
In late 2018 Nova Minerals initiated a process to reorganize their company and proceed to “spin-out” the lithium asset into a new company. The new company was called “Snow Lake Resources” and all the lithium assets were transfer in the new company. After that transaction was completed Manitoba Minerals PTY was closed down by Nova Minerals.
In July 2018, Nova Minerals Inc., on behalf of Snow Lake Resources, released an Inferred resource estimate of 6.3 Mt @ 1.38% Li2O at 0.6 Li2O cut off. The estimate was completed in accordance with the JORC Code, 2012 Edition when taking into consideration data density, deposit geometry, likely extensions and possible interpretation alternatives. This Mineral Resource estimate is not considered as a current estimate and has been superseded by the current Mineral Resource estimate.
| 5.2 | Production |
To date, there has been no production of the pegmatites in the region.
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| 6.0 | Geological Setting, Mineralization, and Deposit |
| 6.1 | Regional Geology |
The TBL Project is geologically located in the Churchill geological province at the northeastern edge of the Flin Flon Volcanic Belt (Figure 6-1). The east-trending Flin Flon Volcanic Belt (1.92 – 1.88 Ga) is situated along the southern edge of the 140 km wide, 240 km long, east-trending Kisseynew Sedimentary Gneiss Belt. The Flin Flon Belt, when joined with contiguous volcanic rocks in Saskatchewan and with the northern Lynn Lake Volcanic Belt, is also interpreted as a part of the "circum-Kisseynew volcanic belt" (Ansdel et al., 1999). This is believed to be a large volcanic-flanked sedimentary basin feature (Bailes 1975, Sangster 1978). Located to the south of the Flin Flon belt are the flat-lying Paleozoic rocks of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin.
Figure 6-1 - Regional Geology
| 6.2 | Surficial Geology |
The Project area is predominantly of a PreCambrian terrane with a glacially scoured irregular surface with high local relief. Glacial sediments present include glaciolacustrine sediments that are predominantly clay and silt with minor sand (Matile and Keller, 2006). Typical depth of 1-20 meters. The glaciolacustine sediments are derived from an offshore source of deep water from glacial Lake Agassiz. Organic deposits are found near stream and wetlands (Figure 6-2).
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Figure 6-2 - Surficial Geology
| 6.3 | Property Geology |
The bedrock geology to the east of Wekusko Lake consists of several fault-bounded blocks of juvenile ocean floor, arc related volcanic rocks and fluvial–alluvial and turbiditic sedimentary rocks (Figure 6-3). The Western Missi Block is bounded by the Crowduck Bay fault to the east and the Herb Lake Fault the west and the strata are folded into a tight syncline. The Missi Group rocks (1.85-1.83 Ga), are dominantly sedimentary, but do contain rare, thin units of interbedded felsic volcanic rocks. The sedimentary rocks consist of polymictic conglomerates, greywackes and sandstones interpreted to have been deposited in an alluvial– fluvial environment. Across the Herb Lake Fault towards the southeast, the Herb Lake Block consists of a folded sequence of mafic to felsic volcanic rocks. Basalts dominate in the core of the fold, with basaltic andesites and andesites becoming more prevalent as the contact with the felsic volcanic rocks are approached. The Herb Lake Volcanic Assemblage is intruded by quartz porphyritic granites, which are themselves cut by the faults bounding the Herb Lake Block. To the northeast, the North Roberts Lake Block is characterized by mafic volcanic rocks (1.92-1.87) interpreted as ocean floor. Towards the west, across the Crowduck Bay Fault, the Central Wekusko Block consists of sedimentary strata dominated by turbidites of the Burntwood Group (1.85-1.84 Ga) and intruded by plutonic rocks.
The TBL Property is bisected by the by the regional Crowduck Bay Fault. The rocks on the eastern side of this fault consist of folded Missi Group sandstones (greywackes) and conglomerates, part of the Eastern Missi Block (Figures 6-4 and 6-5). To the west, across the fault, the Property is underlain by plutonic rocks intruding turbidites of the Burntwood Group, part of the Wekusko Lake Block.
To the east of Wekusko Lake there are 3 main clusters of spodumene-bearing pegmatite dykes know as the Thompson Brothers (TB), Sherritt Gordon (SG) and Zoro pegmatites. The TB and SG pegmatites are both located occur on the TBL property. The Zorro pegmatites are located about 4 km east of the TBL Property and are not part of the TBL Property. Commonalities in mineralogy, textures and form exist between all 3 dyke clusters; however they each occur in separate fault bounded crustal blocks, intrude different host lithologies and have different orientations. All 3 dyke clusters are interpreted to have been emplaced into fracture systems during the latest, regional, D5 structural event recognized in the area (Cerny et al., 1981).
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Figure 6-3 - Property Geology
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| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
Figure 6-4 – Idealized Property Cross Section
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Figure 6-5 – Stratigraphic Column (Cerny et. al., 1981)
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| 6.3.1 | Structural Geology |
Structural studies (Bailes, 1975) along the northern edge of the Flin Flon Volcanic Belt and the adjacent southern edge of the Kisseynew Sedimentary Gneiss Belt indicate that as many as 5 deformational events have affected rocks in the area.
The regional structural history of the Wekusko Lake area, as compiled from Bailes (1975), is as follows:
D1 - This event developed early isoclinal folds (F1), flattening minerals and fragments parallel to S1 schistosity. It has been suggested that this event formed recumbent nappe structures of Missi sediments that moved towards the south and were infolded into underlying Amisk sediments.
D2 - This event developed major north-northeast-trending folds (F2) with axes plunging shallowly to the north-northeast. These structures deform earlier D1 structures and have locally developed axial-planar schistosity.
D3 - This event developed east-trending open folds (F3) (well developed in the Kisseynew belt but poorly developed in the Wekusko Lake region). Emplacement of the Herblet Lake complex (of which the Crowduck Bay gneiss dome is a part) may be associated with this folding.
D4 - This event produced northeast-trending flexural folds (F4 ) in the Kisseynew rocks to the north (Bailes 1975, Moore and Froese 1972). It was shown in 1981 field work (Cerny et al., 1981) that they also occur south of the Kisseynew Belt, in the Flin Flon Volcanic Belt.
D5 - This event comprises late, north-northwest-trending fractures and faults that Bailes attributed to a stress system with a northwest-trending principal compression axis.
The major set of north-northwest-trending faults associated with the D5 structural events observed in the Kisseynew belt are not abundant in the Wekusko Lake area. Instead, brittle deformation consists of two major fauIt systems. One is a set of northeast-trending faults parallel or sub-parallel to the major F2 fold axis. This northeast fault system is offset by relative dextral movement, up to several hundred metres along an east-northeast-trending fault set. The majority of pegmatite dykes in the Crowduck Bay area occur in a northeast-trending orientation.
| 6.3.2 | Mineralization |
The Thompson Brothers (TB) and Sherritt Gordon (SG) spodumene bearing, lithium-enriched pegmatite dyke clusters occur on either side of the Crowduck Bay Fault. They are part of the Wekusko Lake Pegmatite Field. The dykes are all tabular in form (Schultz, 2018), but each cluster has a distinct orientation. Additional north-northeasterly trending pegmatite dykes have been mapped along the Crowduck Bay fault corridor towards the north.
The Thompson Brothers (TB) spodumene-bearing dykes are located on the east shore of Grass River linking Wekusko lake with Crowduck Bay. Here, three mineralized dykes, the TB-1, 2 and 3, intrude Missi Group pebble to cobble conglomerates and greywackes.
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The Thompson Brothers spodumene-bearing lithium rich dykes were drilled by Nova in 2017 and 2018 (Schultz 2018). The TB-1 dyke has been intersected by 24 recent drill holes. Dyke TB-1 strikes 040° and dips about 85° SE. The dyke ranges from 2.9 to 15.4 metres in true thickness, but averages about 7.7 metres. The dyke has been traced by drilling for 630 metres along strike. Dyke TB-1 has one drill intercepts at a vertical depth of about 350 metres, The mineralized dyke remains open to depth and along strike to the north and south.
Dyke TB-2 occurs to the north of TB-1 has been traced for about 400 m along strike. This dyke has not been located in surface outcrops. Based on limited drilling, dyke.
TB-2 is up to 2.8 metres thick and has an orientation that is interpreted to be sub parallel to dyke TB-1. Dyke TB-3 is located about 250 metres to the northwest of dykes TB-1 and 2. TB-3 has been traced for about 150 metres along strike. The TB-3 pegmatite is up to 2.0 m thick, strikes 040° and dips about 080° towards the northwest.
All the TB dykes are subparallel to the northeast-trending foliation and strata in general. Dyke TB-2 could represent the faulted northern extension of dyke TB-1 or an en-echelon dilutional structure. Dyke TB-2 remains open along strike to the north and to depth.
The Sherritt Gordon (SG) dykes intrude the outermost quart diorite phase of the compositionally zoned Rex Lake Pluton on the west side of the Grassy River narrows (Figure 6-6). Both dykes display some pinch and swell structures along strike, as well as slight changes in strike.
Figure 6-6 - Geology and Drill Hole Location Map, SG-1 and SG-2 Pegmatites
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| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
Dyke SG-1 has been traced for about 500 m, striking 1200 and dipping 800 SW. Dyke SG-1 ranges from 10 cm to 5 m in width and splits into 3 thinner subparallel dykes at its southeastern end. Dyke SG-1 is asymmetric, with the grain size increasing to the hanging-wall contact, and some accumulation of the spodumene, quartz and blocky K-feldspar along this contact.
Dyke SG-2 has been traced for almost 400 m, striking parallel to SG-1 at about 70 m towards the east. The dyke dips 500-700 SW and its width ranges between 1.5 cm and 4 m. Dyke SG-2 seems to be homogeneous in mineral distribution, and it shows only some coarsening of grain size inwards.
In 1942, the SG-1 pegmatite was drill tested by Sherritt Gordon Mines. Some 21 shallow drill holes were cored (632 m). Rather than reporting assays for lithium, results in the historical drill logs are reported in “Gravitational Determination Percent Spodumene” which are qualitative in nature and should not be relied upon. The historical drilling results yielded average estimated spodumene contents ranging from 7.22 – 31.9 % over widths ranging from 1.52 - 5.79 m. One 2018 reconnaissance grab sample from the SG-1 dyke graded 2.15 % Li2O.
The SG-1 pegmatite was drill tested to a depth of 50 m and remains open to depth.
The SG pegmatites are interpreted to have intruded sub-parallel late stage, en-echelon fractures that were subsequently deformed and locally displaced (Cerny et al., 1981). If both dykes continue to depth, they could merge or intersect at a depth of about 160 m.
A third outcropping pegmatite dyke was discovered in during field reconnaissance in 2018. The Grassy River pegmatite is located about 150 m south of the SG dykes. Here, three spodumene bearing outcrops were mapped over a 150 m strike length, trending east. One grab sample from the Grassy River dyke graded 3.78 % Li2O.
| 6.4 | Deposit Types |
The deposit type being sought after at the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project are lithium mineral bearing pegmatites or Lithium-Cesium-Tantalum(LCT). Lithium is extracted across the world generally from lithium rich brines or from hard rock-hosted lithium rich minerals such as lepidolite and spodumene as found in rare metal Pegmatites.
| 6.4.1 | Deposit Models |
LCT pegmatites evolve from late orogenic, peraluminous S-type granites. The resultant pegmatite fields are situated on the lower portions of relatively steep geothermal gradients (±40°-50°C/km.). The complex type pegmatites are commonly emplaced in low pressure/high temperature facies (upper greenschist to lower amphibolite) metamorphic terrains with emplacement generally at a depth of four to six kilometers (Cerny 1989).
The parental, fertile granite tends to be late stage and post-tectonic and post-dates the peak of regional metamorphism but this is dependent on emplacement factors. These pegmatitic granites are leucocratic and although commonly equi-granular, may be porphyritic. At depth, they are biotite bearing and grade upward or laterally into a two-mica granite or a muscovite granite which is capped by a coarse grained to pegmatitic, megacrystic K-feldspar, graphic leucogranite (Cerny and Meintzer 1988). This pegmatitic granite stage is an integral step in the formation of LCT pegmatites.
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The pegmatitic melt forms within the parental, fertile granite through the process of magmatic differentiation. This melt collects in the upper portion of the fertile granite pluton, with the volatiles and other liquidus-depressing constituents such as H2O, F, Li, B and P increasing outward from the parental granite. These constituents, plus even small amounts of exsolved supercritical fluid, reduce the viscosity of the melt. The lower the liquidus temperature and the less viscous the melt, the more mobile the melt becomes and the further out it will migrate.
Melt migration occurs when there is sufficient internal pressure and the magma reservoir is tapped by a tectonic disturbance or structural event of the outermost solidified shell of the pegmatitic granite. Pegmatite groups form a regional zonation around the parental granite with the complexity of the pegmatites increasing away from the parental granite (Cerny 1991) (Figure 6-6).
Figure 6-6 - Regional Zoning Pattern in a Pegmatite District (Bradley et al., 2017, Cerny 1991)
Studies and field work carried out in 1988 for the Manitoba government (Cerny et al, 1988) using mineral fractionation studies on the mica and feldspars were not able to identify the source parent fertile pegmatite granite to the Wekusko Pegmatite Field. This would suggest that the pegmatite granite may be buried at depth beneath the outcrop cover.
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Pegmatites can be divided into two types, the lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT) type and the niobium-yttrium-fluorine (NYF) type. The Thompson Brothers Pegmatites and those in the Wekusko Pegmatite Field are considered LCT type pegmatites. Over the years, the LCT type pegmatites have been well studied because of their economic significance. These pegmatites have been an economic source of lithium, tantalum, tin, cesium and rubidium minerals with mica, quartz and feldspathic sand by-products. The LCT type of pegmatites can be subdivided and classified into classes based on mineralogy/chemistry and complexity (Table 6-1).
Table 6-1 - Classification of LCT Type Pegmatites (modified from Cerny 1991)
The Thompson Brothers Pegmatites (formally known as the Violet Pegmatites) are spodumene rich but do not have a complex zonation of mineralogical units or diverse minerology. Using the classification of Cerny (Table 6-1) it would be suggested that the pegmatite is an albite-spodumene type.
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| 7.0 | Exploration |
| 7.1 | Exploration |
Snow Lake Resources has not conducted any field mapping, prospecting or soil sampling programs to date.
| 7.2 | Drilling |
Drill plan layout of the historic 1997, 2017 and 2018 drilling, a representative cross section, and Table of Significant Intersections are shown in Figures 7-1, 7-2 and Table 7-1.
Figure 7-1 - Geology and Drill Hole Location Map for the TB-1, 2 and 3 Pegmatites
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Figure 7-2 – Representative Cross Section TBL
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Table 7-1 – List of Significant Intersection
| 7.3 | Infill Sampling and Re-logging. |
In 2019 a short program of re-logging and sampling was conducted by Snow Lake Resources. This programme was at the direction of Frank Hrdy for the purposes of infilling gaps in the geological database. This data was used as part of the resource estimate reported here.
Hole TB-001 to TB-006 were re-logged using the same protocol as TBL-007 to TBL-024. Focus of the re-logging was to make consistent naming convection for all rock types from hole TBL-001 to 024. Specific attention was given to lithotypes, structure, alteration, and mineralization. In addition, any un-sampled pegmatites in holes TBL-001 to 006 were then market out for cutting and processing.
As part of the sample stream, three different Standard Reference Material (OREAS 146, 147 and 148) were inserted each 1 in 20 samples. Also one Preparation Duplicate was taken each 1 in 20 samples. Coarse silica sand Blanks (OREAS) were inserted one in 40 samples to check on poor sample preparation and potential contamination.
Samples were then zipped tied in to individual sample bags, and in turn into rice sacks. Truck Transport then shipped these rice sacks to SRC Labs in Saskatoon for geochemical analysis.
| 7.4 | Hydrogeology Data |
Snow Lake Resource has not conducted any hydrogeology studies to date on the project
| 7.5 | Geotechnical Data |
Snow Lake Resources has not conducted any geotechnical studies to date on the project.
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| 8.0 | Sample Preparation, Analyses, and Security |
| 8.1 | Sampling Method and Approach |
| 8.1.1 | 2019 “Re-Sampling” Program |
This program was carried out by SLR on drill holes TBL-001 through to TBL-024 (all originally drilled by the SLR) to ensure intervals that assayed anomalous Li2O were sampled on both sides and in certain cases between anomalous intervals.
Sampling of mineralized core was done on a geological basis as determined by the logging geologist. The logging geologist was responsible for marking the sample intervals and drawing a cutting line down the core. The core boxes were photographed digitally before being sampled. The sampling interval was typically 1.0 m, with samples as short as 0.14 m and as long as 1.75 m (Table 8-1 and Figure 8-1).
Core was split with a diamond saw, with half placed in plastic sample bags and the remaining half placed back in the core box. For consistency, the same half of core was collected for each sample. Sampled intervals were marked with a red grease pencil and a metal tag with the sample ID number was stapled to the box at the start of each sampled interval. Another sample tag was placed in the sample bag which was sealed with a plastic bar lock tie and packaged in plastic woven rice bags for shipping. A third tag was kept with the geologist’s records. Core boxes were labeled with aluminium tags for long term storage.
Table 8-1 - Summary statistics for sampled drill core intervals in the database
| TBL Database - Sampling Interval Statistics | |
| Count | 734 |
| Minimum | 0.07 |
| Maximum | 1.75 |
| Range | 1.68 |
| Average | 0.89 |
| Standard Deviation | 0.23 |
| Median | 1 |
| Mode | 1 |
Note: A sample interval from drill hole CAR-97-1 was not used as it has an interval range of 33.1m and this is because the samples were averaged.
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Figure 8-1 - Histogram of sampled drill core interval widths
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| 8.2 | Drill Core |
Drill core sample preparation (crushing, grinding, splitting and pulverizing) and analytical work for samples collected during the re-sampling program were completed by SRC Geoanalytical Laboratories, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. SRC management systems operate in accordance with ISO/IEC 17025:2005, General Requirements for the Competence of Mineral Testing and Calibration Laboratories. SRC has a Certificate of Accreditation issued by the Standards Council of Canada. SRC is a commercial laboratory independent of SLR.
SRC employs standard industry procedures. Each core sample was crushed to better than 70% - 2 mm and a 1 kg split was pulverized to better than 85% passing 75 μm. All samples were analysed using SRC procedure code ICP1 using a four-acid digestion producing both total and partial digestions ICP analysis. Lithium results were reported in ppm elemental lithium and converted to Li2O using a 2.153 conversion factor. SRC uses Internal QA/QC procedures to monitor the accuracy and precision of their work. Technical aspects of the sample preparation procedures and analytical techniques including lower detection limits are given in Figures 8-2 and Table 8-2 below.
Core boxes sealed by wood screws were transported by a company pick-up truck from the drill to a secure core shack located in the Town of Snow Lake on a daily basis. Basic sample security and chain of custody procedures were followed. Samples were transported from the secure core shack to SRC Laboratory in Saskatoon by a company vehicle. At the time of writing all drill “non-intersection” core from the 2017 and 2018 programs are being stored in an unsecured area outside on Lot #17, Taylor Bay which is located approximately 11 km south of Snow Lake.
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Figure 8-2 – Technical Aspects of the Sample Preparation Procedures
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Table 8-2 – Assay Detection Limits
| Sandstones | Basement | ||||
| Element | DL | Element | DL | ||
| Aluminum | Al2O3 | 0.01% | Aluminum | Al2O3 | 0.01% |
| Barium | Ba | 1ppm | Barium | Ba | 1ppm |
| Beryllium | Be | 0.2ppm | Beryllium | Be | 0.2ppm |
| Cadmium | Cd | 0.2ppm | Cadmium | Cd | 1ppm |
| Calcium | CaO | 0.01% | Calcium | CaO | 0.01% |
| Cerium | Ce | 1ppm | Cerium | Ce | 1ppm |
| Chromium | Cr | 1ppm | Chromium | Cr | 1ppm |
| Cobalt | Co | 1ppm | Cobalt | Co | 1ppm |
| Copper | Cu | 1ppm | Copper | Cu | 1ppm |
| Dysprosium | Dy | 0.2ppm | Dysprosium | Dy | 0.2ppm |
| Erbium | Er | 0.2ppm | Erbium | Er | 0.2ppm |
| Europium | Eu | 0.2ppm | Europium | Eu | 0.2ppm |
| Gadolinium | Gd | 0.5ppm | Gadolinium | Gd | 1ppm |
| Gallium | Ga | 1ppm | Gallium | Ga | 1ppm |
| Hafnium | Hf | 0.5ppm | Hafnium | Hf | 1ppm |
| Holmium | Ho | 0.4ppm | Holmium | Ho | 1ppm |
| Iron | Fe2O3 | 0.01% | Iron | Fe2O3 | 0.01% |
| Lanthanum | La | 1ppm | Lanthanum | La | 1ppm |
| Lead | Pb | 1ppm | Lead | Pb | 1ppm |
| Lithium | Li | 1ppm | Lithium | Li | 1ppm |
| Magnesium | MgO | 0.002% | Magnesium | MgO | 0.01% |
| Manganese | MnO | 0.001% | Manganese | MnO | 0.01% |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 1ppm | Molybdenum | Mo | 1ppm |
| Neodymium | Nd | 1ppm | Neodymium | Nd | 1ppm |
| Nickel | Ni | 1ppm | Nickel | Ni | 1ppm |
| Niobium | Nb | 1ppm | Niobium | Nb | 1ppm |
| Phosphorous | P2O5 | 0.002% | Phosphorous | P2O5 | 0.01% |
| Potassium | K2O | 0.002% | Potassium | K2O | 0.01% |
| Praseodymium | Pr | 1ppm | Praseodymium | Pr | 1ppm |
| Samarium | Sm | 0.5ppm | Samarium | Sm | 1ppm |
| Scandium | Sc | 1ppm | Scandium | Sc | 1ppm |
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| Sandstones | Basement | ||||||
| Element | DL | Element | DL | ||||
| Silver | Ag | 0.2ppm | Silver | Ag | 0.2ppm | ||
| Sodium | Na2O | 0.01% | Sodium | Na2O | 0.01% | ||
| Strontium | Sr | 1ppm | Strontium | Sr | 1ppm | ||
| Tantalum | Ta | 1ppm | Tantalum | Ta | 1ppm | ||
| Terbium | Tb | 0.3ppm | Terbium | Tb | 1ppm | ||
| Thorium | Th | 1ppm | Thorium | Th | 1ppm | ||
| Tin | Sn | 1ppm | Tin | Sn | 1ppm | ||
| Titanium | TiO2 | 0.002% | Titanium | TiO2 | 0.01% | ||
| Tungsten | W | 1ppm | Tungsten | W | 1ppm | ||
| Uranium | U | 2ppm | Uranium | U | 2ppm | ||
| Vanadium | V | 1ppm | Vanadium | V | 1ppm | ||
| Ytterbium | Yb | 0.1ppm | Ytterbium | Yb | 0.1ppm | ||
| Yttrium | Y | 1ppm | Yttrium | Y | 1ppm | ||
| Zinc | Zn | 1ppm | Zinc | Zn | 1ppm | ||
| Zirconium | Zr | 1ppm | Zirconium | Zr | 1ppm | ||
| Partial Digestion | |||||||
| Arsenic | As | 0.2ppm | Arsenic | As | 1ppm | ||
| Antimony | Sb | 0.2ppm | Antimony | Sb | 1ppm | ||
| Bismuth | Bi | 0.2ppm | Bismuth | Bi | 1ppm | ||
| Cobalt | Co | 0.1ppm | Cobalt | Co | 1ppm | ||
| Copper | Cu | 0.1ppm | Copper | Cu | 1ppm | ||
| Germanium | Ge | 0.2ppm | Germanium | Ge | 1ppm | ||
| Mercury | Hg | 0.2ppm | Mercury | Hg | 1ppm | ||
| Molybdenum | Mo | 0.1ppm | Molybdenum | Mo | 1ppm | ||
| Nickel | Ni | 0.1ppm | Nickel | Ni | 1ppm | ||
| Lead | Pb | 0.02ppm | Lead | Pb | 1ppm | ||
| Selenium | Se | 0.2ppm | Selenium | Se | 1ppm | ||
| Silver | Ag | 0.1ppm | Silver | Ag | 0.2ppm | ||
| Tellurium | Te | 0.2ppm | Tellurium | Te | 1ppm | ||
| Uranium | U | 0.5ppm | Uranium | U | 1ppm | ||
| Vanadium | V | 0.1ppm | Vanadium | V | 1ppm | ||
| Zinc | Zn | 0.1ppm | Zinc | Zn | 1ppm | ||
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| 8.3 | Bulk Density Determinations |
Bulk density determinations of mineralized pegmatite cores were made on a regular basis between February 1, 2018 and March 18, 2018 during both drill programs completed by Manitoba Minerals and Nova Minerals. Sections of core were trimmed perpendicular to the core axis and the average length and diameter of each measured using calipers. Each core sample was then weighed. These data were used to calculate the bulk density. An average bulk density of 2.70 t/m3 is estimated for the mineralized pegmatite based on 48 individual measurements. Descriptive statistics and a scatter plot of the bulk density determinations are given in Table 8-3 and Figure 8-3.
Table 8-3 - Summary Statistics of Bulk Density Measurements
| TB-1 Pegmatite Bulk Density Statistics | |
| Count | 48 |
| Mean | 2.70 |
| Minimum | 2.59 |
| Maximum | 2.83 |
| Range | 0.24 |
| Standard Deviation | 0.06 |
| Median | 2.71 |
| Mode | 2.76 |
Figure 8-3 - Scatter Plot of Bulk Density Measurements
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| 8.4 | Quality Assurance and Quality Control |
Quality assurance (QA) is a proactive approach to ensuring that the chemical analyses of drill core samples are precise and accurate within generally accepted limits. In general, QA/QC programs are designed to prevent and detect contamination and allow analytical precision and accuracy to be quantified. In addition, a QA/QC program can disclose the overall sampling–assaying variability of the sampling method itself.
QA systems and procedures occur before a batch of samples is sent to the laboratory for analysis. Typically, QA involves the insertion of “check” samples including: blanks, Certified References Standards and duplicate samples. In contrast, QC is a reactive process of analysing the data returned from the lab. This is crucial for determining the quality of data and for revealing any deviations from the norm. Assaying accuracy is assessed by a review of assays of certified reference material (CRM), and by check assaying at outside accredited laboratories.
The 2017 drilling program was managed by Dahrouge Geological Consulting Ltd. and the 2018 winter drilling program was managed by Dale Schultz, P.Geo. of DjS Consulting. Core handling, logging, sampling, shipping, assaying, security protocols were not available from the 2017 program at the time of writing this Report but an additional re-logging and sampling program which included appropriate QA/QC protocols of both the 2017 and 2018 core was conducted during August of 2019. In addition, all samples that were analyzed by Actlabs from the 2017 drill program were re-assayed by SRC.
The QA/QC protocol consists of the regular insertion of blanks, reject duplicates, and Certified Reference Standards within each 20-sample batch. Drill core samples from the TBL Project were sent to the SRC Laboratories in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan for preparation and analysis and the duplicates and check samples were sent to SGS Laboratories located in Lakefield, Ontario. Industry standard best practices were followed during both programs.
The core boxes were inventoried, and meterage blocks verified, core recoveries and RQD were estimated and bulk density measurements taken. The drill cores were logged and relevant data on lithologies, mineralogy, and structures were documented, and sampling intervals designated. An experienced logging geologist and technician followed standard core logging, cutting and sampling protocols
Page 8-8
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| 8.4.1 | Blanks |
Commercially sourced Certified Reference Blanks (OREAS silica rock) were inserted into the sample stream for samples collected during the 2017 and 2018 drilling programs at SRC during analysis, at a frequency of 1 to 20, to test for cross-contamination during sample preparation and assaying, and to identify potential sample numbering errors. Of the 14 blanks analysed, 3 reported slightly elevated concentrations of Li2O (Figure 8-4). These elevated Li2O concentrations, are likely a result of cross-contamination, though its overall effects appear to be negligible. A lithium analysis would be considered a failure if the result is 10 times higher than the lower detection limit or 0.05 Li20 %. Only one sample yielded a lithium analysis equal to that threshold value. In the Author’s opinion, the results of the blanks are acceptable and support the use of the analytical results for continued interpretation, evaluation, and for this Resource Estimate.
Figure 8-4 - Scatter Plot of Inserted Blanks
| 8.4.2 | Certified Reference Materials (Standards) |
Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) are used to monitor analytical accuracy and to identify potential problems with specific batches of samples. Three CRMs (OREAS 147, 148 and 140) were inserted into the sample stream at a frequency of 1 to 20. The CRM analyses from the SRC laboratory show good accuracy and precision for Li2O determinations for all three standards (Table 8-4, Figures 8-5, 8-6, and 8-7).
Table 8-4 - Analytical Results from Certified Reference Standards
| Standard | # | Expected Li20 | Actual Li20 | % of Expected | 3 X Std. Dev | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Lab QC Failures | ||
| Average | Std. Dev. | Average | Std. Dev. | |||||||
| OREAS 147 | 10 | 0.488 | 0.023 | 0.486 | 0.010 | 99.5 | 0.031 | 0.392 | 0.579 | 0 |
| OREAS 148 | 10 | 1.03 | 0.023 | 1.064 | 0.006 | 103.3 | 0.017 | 1.014 | 1.115 | 0 |
| OREAS 149 | 9 | 2.21 | 0.064 | 2.180 | 0.039 | 98.6 | 0.117 | 1.830 | 2.529 | 0 |
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Figure 8-5 - Scatter Plot of Certified Reference Standard OREAS 147
Page 8-10
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Figure 8-6 - Scatter Plot of Certified Reference Standard OREAS 148
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Figure 8-7 - Scatter Plot of Certified Reference Standard OREAS 149
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| 8.4.3 | SRC Internal Duplicates |
Duplicate samples are used to monitor and assess grade variability as a function of both sample homogeneity and laboratory error. A total of 28 reject duplicates were submitted for duplicate analyses during 2017 and 2018 based on a sampling frequency of 1 to 20. The sample data display high correlation coefficient and virtually identical means (Figure 8-8, Table 8-5). In the Author’s opinion the duplicate reject samples results indicate that the SRC Lab is achieving good analytical precision.
Table 8-5 - Summary Statistics for SRC Reject Duplicate Analysis
| Item | Original | Duplicate |
| Count | 28 | 28 |
| Mean | 0.566 | 0.563 |
| Minimum | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Maximum | 1.914 | 1.910 |
| Standard Error | 0.132 | 0.132 |
| Median | 0.126 | 0.128 |
| Sample Variance | 0.490 | 0.484 |
| Standard Deviation | 0.700 | 0.696 |
| Correlation Coefficient | 0.9996 | |
Figure 8-8 – SRC Reject Duplicate Analysis and Scatter Plot Grade Comparison
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| 8.4.4 | Duplicates SRC vs SGS |
Twenty nine (29) duplicate samples in the form of pulps and rejects were sent by SRC Geoanalytical Laboratories to SGS Laboratories as a QA check. The correlation co-efficient between the data sets is 0.9951 based (Figure 8-9). The median SRC grade is 1.21 % Li2O vs the median grade of SGS of 1.26 % Li2O, a relative grade difference of 0.05 % Li2O with the SRC results being lower on average.
Figure 8-9 - SRC vs SGS Duplicate Analysis and Scatter Plot Grade Comparison
| 8.4.5 | Comparison of 2017 vs 2018 Reject Re-Analysis: SRC vs Actlabs |
All of the core rejects for the mineralized intersections from drill holes TB 1-5 were re-analysed by SRC Geoanalytical Laboratories in February, 2018 using the same analytical methods as the 2018 drilling program. The correlation co-efficient between the data sets is 0.9311 based on 65 samples (Figure 8-10). The median SRC grade is 1.47 % Li2O vs the median Actlabs grade of 1.53 % Li2O, a relative grade difference of 0.06 % Li2O with the SRC results being lower on average. A comparison of the SRC and Actlabs reject re-analyses data for the mineralized intersections for drill holes TBL 1-5 is given in Table 8-6. The more conservative SRC analytical data set was used for this Resource Estimation.
Table 8-6 - Comparison by Mineralized Drill Hole Intersections: SRC vs Actlabs
| Drill Hole ID | Drill Intercept - Spodumene Bearing Pegmatite Dyke | SRC Li2O (%) | Actlabs (Li2O%) | Relative Grade Difference (%) | ||
| From (m) | To (m) | Width (m) | ||||
| TBL-01 | 35.38 | 45.50 | 10.12 | 1.33 | 1.41 | -5% |
| TBL-02 | 19.00 | 24.43 | 5.43 | 1.42 | 1.55 | -8% |
| TBL-03 | 160.42 | 181.50 | 21.08 | 1.57 | 1.74 | -10% |
| TBL-04 | 33.48 | 54.63 | 21.15 | 1.48 | 1.63 | -9% |
| TBL-05 | 139.59 | 144.50 | 4.91 | 1.25 | 1.27 | -2% |
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Figure 8-10 - Correlation Plot of Duplicates: SRC vs Actlabs
It is Canmine’s opinion that adequate sample preparation, security, and analytical procedures were taken.
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| 9.0 | Data Verification |
As part of the data verification process, Canmine examined results of the QA/QC protocols used by Nova (SLR) and the analytical laboratories during the 2017 and 2018 drilling programs.
The historical drilling (1942 – 1997) on the TBL Property could not be validated; hole locations were not surveyed, assay certificates are not available, the logging records are incomplete, and no QA/QC data is available. Although useful for geological purposes, in the Author’s opinion, the historical drilling data would not be suitable for inclusion in this resource estimates completed in accordance with S-K 1300.
| 9.1 | Site Visit |
The Canmine QP, visited the site two times with Dale Schultz, Nova’s project manager at the time, between March 16 and 17, 2019 and between October 8 and 12, 2019. The Authors personally discussed the core handling, logging and geotechnical work with the Geologist that was in charge of this work and had him lay-out example core. This Geologist was then in charge of conducting a follow-up logging and sampling program that ensured intervals that had mineralization were sampled at and beyond the contacts. Additional logging and sampling was conducted on core drilled that was processed by the previous consulting company that managed the previous drill program (2017). Frank Hrdy P.Geo. re-visited the core shack after this program was completed (October, 2019) and briefly inspected samples of the work. Frank Hrdy P.Geo. was also there when significant samples were collected and shipped for metallurgical analysis and when the remaining core was moved to the new storage site. Frank Hrdy P.Geo. also conducted a DGPS survey of many of the drill holes but could not locate all of them as some were drilled on frozen ground in the winter and were under deeper water during Mr. Hrdy’s site visit. Mr. Hrdy also visited the SGS Laboratory in Saskatoon and had a tour of the facility on March 19, 2019.
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| 9.2 | Database Verification |
The TBL Project database was compiled in tandem with the preparation of this TRS. It is well structured and complete. The personnel in the core shack also maintained a digital library of all hand-written source data sheets (drill logs, core inventory, RQDs, sampling sheets, bulk density). The Author performed a random audit of the assay certificates versus digital analytical data for drill holes TBL-4 and TBL-24 and found no errors.
In the Author’s opinion, recent drill holes TBL 1 – 28, completed since 2017, are suitable for this Resource estimate. Industry best practices have been followed, the data sets are current.
| 9.3 | Comments on Section 9 |
Two drill programs occurred on the TBL Project since 2017 and 3 analytical laboratories were used (SRC, SGS and Actlabs). This “Data Verification” study shows that all the data used in the database for this Resource Estimate is from SGS and between the 3 laboratories the analytical results from SGS were the most conservative, albeit in a very minor way.
Note: All three analytical laboratories (SRC, SGS and Actlabs) are independed and are ISO Certified.
| ● | SRC - Geoanalytical Lab ISO 17025-2005 Certificate | SRC |
| ● | SGS - GEOCHEMISTRY: SGS testing certified ISO/IEC 17025 |
| ● | Actlabs - Accreditation to international standards, with either ISO 17025 for specific registered tests or certification to ISO 9001:2008 |
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| 10.0 | Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing |
While some preliminary metallurgical testing has been carried out by prior owners of the property, Snow Lake Resources has not completed any metallurgical testing programs. Metallurgical testing programs are currently in progress.
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| 11.0 | Mineral Resource Estimates |
The updated Indicated Resource estimate dated June 9, 2021 for the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project is 9,082,600 tonnes grading 1.00% Li2O and the Inferred Resource is 1,967,900 tonnes grading 0.98% Li2O (Table 11-1 and Figures 11-1, 11-2, and 11-3 represent both Indicated and Inferred grade distribution). Figure 11-4 represent the surface and underground orientation and extents of the Resource Estimate and it’s grade distribution and Figure 11-5 shows the extents of the grade shell that was used to constrain the Resource Estimate. Figures 11-6 and 11-7 show the local and more regional location of this deposit. Mineral Resources have been classified in accordance with the definitions for Mineral Resources in S-K 1300.
Table 11-1 - Resource Estimate for the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project as at June 9, 2021
| Cut-Off 0.3 Li2O% | Tonnes (t) | Grade Li2O% | Li2O tonnes |
| Indicated | 9,082,600 | 1.00 | 91,200 |
| Inferred | 1,967,900 | 0.98 | 19,300 |
| Table of Various Cut-Off Grades |
| Cut-off Li2O % | Measured | Indicated | M+I | Inferred | ||||
| Tonnes | Grade Li2O% | Tonnes | Grade Li2O% | Li2O Tonnes | Tonnes | Grade Li2O% |
Li2O Tonnes | |
| 0.0 | 0 | 0.00 | 10,094,112 | 0.92 | 92,462 | 2,308,111 | 0.86 | 19,804 |
| 0.1 | 0 | 0.00 | 9,510,890 | 0.97 | 91,970 | 2,153,153 | 0.91 | 19,658 |
| 0.2 | 0 | 0.00 | 9,239,530 | 0.99 | 91,564 | 2,098,548 | 0.93 | 19,579 |
| 0.3 | 0 | 0.00 | 9,082,649 | 1.00 | 91,190 | 1,967,911 | 0.98 | 19,266 |
| 0.4 | 0 | 0.00 | 8,938,015 | 1.01 | 90,631 | 1,935,792 | 0.99 | 19,145 |
| 0.5 | 0 | 0.00 | 7,933,118 | 1.09 | 86,233 | 1,657,195 | 1.08 | 17,914 |
| 0.6 | 0 | 0.00 | 7,863,242 | 1.09 | 85,867 | 1,636,459 | 1.09 | 17,805 |
| 0.7 | 0 | 0.00 | 7,305,293 | 1.12 | 82,111 | 1,586,693 | 1.10 | 17,485 |
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Note 1: CIM Definition Standards (2014) for a Mineral Resource as a “concentration or occurrence of solid material of economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust in such form, grade or quality that there are reasonable prospect for eventual economic extraction”. In this case a 0.30% Li2O cut-off grade was used to estimate the Resource as that is the reasonable grade necessary to cover estimated production costs as per the following criteria:
| Li2O at 6% Price | $US 600.00 | |
| Mining Cost/tonne | $US 20.00 | |
| Processing Cost/tonne | $US 32.00 | |
| Process Recovery | 80% | |
| Transportation Cost/tonne | $US 88.00 of 6% Li2O Concentrate |
Note 2: This Mineral Resource is exclusive of a mineral reserve.
Note 3:
1. Site Infrastructure: Access to power on site will not be a problem,
2. Mine Design: An underground bulk mining method is proposed,
3. Processing Plant: Setting up a processing plant on site should not be a problem,
4. Environmental Compliance and permitting: An environmental baseline study needs to be completed before this can be answered,
5. No other potential complications are known at this time.
Figure 11-1 – Long Section View of Grade Distribution of Ind. & Inf. Resource
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Figure 11-2 - Long Section of Grade Distribution of Indicated Resource
Figure 11-3 - Plan View of Topography (Coloured = Block Model at Surface)
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Figure 11-4 - Oblique View of Topography with Grade Distribution (below topo)
Figure 11-5 - Oblique View with Drill Holes and Grade Shell
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Figure 11-6 - Bing Maps Plan Regional View of the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project
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Figure 11-7 - Bing Maps Plan Site View of the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project
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| 11.1 | Estimation Method |
As of 2021 the total exploration drill holes completed on the property since 1942 is 75 drill holes (8,842.6 m). However, all holes drill prior to 2017 were not located so they could not be used for this study. The total number of meters drilled during the 2017/2018 program was 4804.92m from 24 holes with a maximum depth of 371m. All of these holes were core holes providing NQ sized core. Holes were drilled at varying angles to allow multiple intersections and multiple holes to be drilled from single drill locations to minimise earthworks and clearing.
There are a total of 20 drill holes that intersect the grade shell, 19 of which represent the current Resource Estimate.
The entire Resource Estimation disclosed in Table 11-1 was constrained by a three-dimensional grade shell that was used to better constrain the higher grade lithium mineralization. Block size is 2 x 2 x 2 meters and grade estimation was carried out by the inverse distance squared method (ID2) using 2.0 meter down-hole composite samples. No upper grade cap was used and a lower cut grade of 0.30% Li2O was used for all resource classes. Blocks were estimated using a search ellipse at an orientation of 040 degrees, -55 degrees plunge, and 0 degree dip and with a search ellipse major/semi-major ratio 1.5, major-minor ratio 1.5. Maximum search distance of 130 meters for Indicated and 200 meters for Inferred class categories. Tonnages were calculated using an average specific gravity of 2.70 g/cm3. 183 composite samples (each approximately 2.0 meters in length) were used for the Resource Estimate. In order to be included in the estimate, a block was required to have a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 15 composite samples within the given search radius. Surpac version 6.4.1 was the software used to create the geological model and to estimate the Resource.
| 11.2 | Density |
The Thompson Brothers Lithium Project Resource Estimate used a density of 2.70 g/cm3 weighted average. This is the weighted average of Spodumene bearing Pegmatites that were tested for density. This value was obtained from 26 specific gravity measurements (from a total of 37 Pegmatite samples) which show a slightly lower density then Pegmatites that were not observed to host Spodumene.
| 11.2.1 | Cut-Off Grade |
To satisfy the S-K 1300 requirement that a Mineral Resource show “reasonable prospects for economic extraction”, a 0.30% Li2O cut-off grade was used to estimate the resource as that is a reasonable grade necessary to cover estimated production costs as per the following criteria (Costs and Prices in US$):
| 6% Li2O Concentrate Price | $600 / per tonne | ||
| Mining Cost/tonne | $20 | ||
| Extraction Recovery | 80% | ||
| Processing Cost/ tonne | $32 – to 6% Li2O | ||
| Concentrate Haulage/tonne | $88 |
| 11.2.2 | Grade Capping |
In order to evaluate whether cutting of the higher-grade samples was appropriate, a decile analysis was performed on the samples. This is a quick study of the metal distribution as related to the assay frequency distribution using raw assay data multiplied by sample length. Cutting of high assays should be seriously considered if the top decile has more than 40% of the metal. To determine a capping grade using the Decile method, the highest value of the top percentile containing less than 10% of the metal is often selected.
Decile analysis of the data indicate that the capping of high grade values is not warranted (Figure 11-8).
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Figure 11-8 - Decile Plot and Accompanying Table of Values
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| Decile | No. of Samples |
g/t or % | Contained Metal | ||||
| Average | Min | Max | Content /m | % Total | |||
| 0- 10 | 32 | 1.326 | 0.102 | 2.411 | 49.77 | 16.91% | |
| 10- 20 | 32 | 1.498 | 1.040 | 2.149 | 47.90 | 16.27% | |
| 20- 30 | 32 | 0.743 | 0.022 | 2.095 | 22.69 | 7.71% | |
| 30- 40 | 32 | 0.598 | 0.017 | 2.002 | 17.52 | 5.95% | |
| 40- 50 | 32 | 1.214 | 0.030 | 2.063 | 38.63 | 13.13% | |
| 50- 60 | 32 | 1.050 | 0.025 | 1.940 | 33.01 | 11.22% | |
| 60- 70 | 32 | 0.914 | 0.028 | 1.914 | 28.58 | 9.71% | |
| 70- 80 | 32 | 0.601 | 0.024 | 2.993 | 18.96 | 6.44% | |
| 80- 90 | 32 | 1.053 | 0.030 | 1.821 | 33.49 | 11.38% | |
| 90-100 | 29 | 1.252 | 0.029 | 2.433 | 3.76 | 1.28% | |
| 90- 91 | 3 | 0.071 | 0.040 | 0.098 | 0.23 | 0.08% | |
| 91- 92 | 3 | 1.125 | 0.603 | 1.701 | 3.37 | 1.15% | |
| 92- 93 | 3 | 1.182 | 0.874 | 1.387 | 0.00 | 0.00% | |
| 93- 94 | 3 | 2.018 | 1.796 | 2.433 | 0.00 | 0.00% | |
| 94- 95 | 3 | 1.694 | 1.324 | 2.067 | 0.00 | 0.00% | |
| 95- 96 | 3 | 1.612 | 1.494 | 1.821 | 0.00 | 0.00% | |
| 96- 97 | 3 | 1.861 | 1.681 | 2.108 | 0.00 | 0.00% | |
| 97- 98 | 3 | 1.636 | 1.389 | 1.763 | 0.00 | 0.00% | |
| 98- 99 | 3 | 0.781 | 0.029 | 1.593 | 0.00 | 0.00% | |
| 99-100 | 1 | 0.224 | 0.224 | 0.224 | 0.00 | 0.00% | |
| Total | 317 | 0.02 | 2.99 | 1.02 | 294.30 | 100.00% | |
| 11.2.3 | Block Model Parameters |
A description of the block model origin and extents is provided in Table 11-2.
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Table 11-2 - Block Model Parameters for the Thompson Brothers Lithium Project
| Block Model Geometry | |||
| Min Coordinates | Y: 6078500 | X: 453500 | Z: -400 |
| Max Coordinates | Y: 6080000 | X: 454500 | Z: 400 |
| User block Size | Y: 2 | X: 2 | Z: 2 |
| Rotation | Bearing: 40 | Dip: 0 | Plunge: 0 |
| 11.2.4 | Interpolation and Search Factors |
All existing drill hole information was used to create 2 m downhole drill assay composites. Block model size was selected to best match mineralized zone continuity and the size of mining equipment that is expected to be used. Larger block size also reduces grade variability so that potentially more accurate grade estimating and control will occur during production.
Geological Modelling and Resource Estimation Software Surpac Version 6.4.1 was used for this resource estimation.
Interpolation Method = Inverse Distance Squared, Interpolation Block Size = 2 m x 2 m x 2 m, Cap Grade = Non. A visual representation of the Search Ellipse was plotted and visualized to ensure that it logically followed strike, dip and plunge of the Lithium mineralization. The following are search parameters used for the interpolations.
Indicated Resource Estimate Search
| Max Search Distance of Major Axis: | 130 m | |||
| Max Vertical Search Distance: | 130 m | |||
| Max Number of Informing Samples: | 2 | |||
| Min Number of Informing Samples: | 15 | |||
| Rotation Convention: | Surpac ZXY LRL | |||
| Angles of Rotation: | First Axis = 40.00 | |||
| Second Axis = -55.00 | ||||
| Third Axis = 0.00 | ||||
| Anisotropy Factors: | Semi-Major axis | 1.50 | ||
| Minor axis | 1.50 |
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| Inferred Resource Estimate | ||||
| Max Search Distance of Major Axis: | 200 m | |||
| Max Vertical Search Distance: | 200 m | |||
| Max Number of Informing Samples: | 2 | |||
| Min Number of Informing Samples: | 15 | |||
| Rotation Convention: | Surpac ZXY LRL | |||
| Angles of Rotation: | First Axis = 40.00 | |||
| Second Axis = -55.00 | ||||
| Third Axis = 0.00 | ||||
| Anisotropy Factors: | Semi-Major axis | 1.50 | ||
| Minor axis | 1.50 |
Variography Study
For this Resource Estimate a variography study was conducted to determine what search factors were to be used but all searches were confined to a grade shell which constrained the search significantly to a geological interpretation. The following are the results from this study:
Search Ellipse Parameters
Experimental Variogram Parameters: Max Distance: 200 m, Azimuth: 040 degrees, Variogram Plunge: 55 degrees, Spread Angle: 22.5 degrees, Spread Limit: None, Statistics: 14,103 samples, Mean: 0.513481, Variance: 8.953493, Standard Deviation: 2.992239.
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Variogram Results: Model Type: Spherical, Structure 1: Sill = 1.097, Range = 145 m (Figures 11-9 and 11-10).
Figure 11-9 – Long Section View of the Search Ellipse Orientation
Figure 11-10 - Variogram Model
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| 11.3 | Classification |
Definitions for resource categories used in this report are those defined by SEC in S-K 1300. Mineral Resources are classified into Measured, Indicated, and Inferred categories.
Measured Mineral Resource
“Measured mineral resource is that part of a mineral resource for which quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of conclusive geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological certainty associated with a measured mineral resource is sufficient to allow a qualified person to apply modifying factors, as defined in this section, in sufficient detail to support detailed mine planning and final evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit.”
Indicated Mineral Resource
“Indicated mineral resource is that part of a mineral resource for which quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of adequate geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological certainty associated with an indicated mineral resource is sufficient to allow a qualified person to apply modifying factors in sufficient detail to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit.”
Inferred Mineral Resource
“Inferred mineral resource is that part of a mineral resource for which quantity and grade or quality are estimated on the basis of limited geological evidence and sampling. The level of geological uncertainty associated with an inferred mineral resource is too high to apply relevant technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospects of economic extraction in a manner useful for evaluation of economic viability.”
Due to the lack of closely spaced sampling along strike, grade continuity has not been sufficiently established to assign any of this resource to a measured category.
The resource was classified based on the density of sample data and distance to the closest composites. Blocks estimated on the first pass using an anisotropic search ellipse with long axis up to 130 m and that occur within the grade shell were classified as indicated. All other estimated blocks between 130 m and 200 m and that lie within the constraints of the grade shell were assigned to the inferred category.
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| 11.4 | Factors That May Affect the Mineral Resource Estimate |
The resource estimate is based on information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from diamond drill core holes. The estimate was prepared using industry standard techniques and has been validated for bias and acceptable grade-tonnage characteristics.
Areas of uncertainty that may materially impact the Mineral Resource Estimate include:
Indicated Resource (all prices in $US)
| 1. | Commodity price assumptions: This Estimate uses a spodumene 6% Li2O price of $600 per tonne. “Fastmarkets” latest assessment for spodumene 6% Li2O minimum, cif China was $620-700 per tonne on March 31, 2021. Macquarie Bank also post a “bullish scenario would push spodumene prices above $720 a tonne. If the price of spodument 6% Li2O goes below $475 per tonne then the operating costs would not cover the value even at a 0.7% Li2O cut off grade. |
| 2. | Mining cost assumptions: This estimated mining cost of $20 per tonne is based on an underground bulk mining method that Canmine has investigated and has direct experience with. If the mining cost per tonne were to increase to approximately $40 per tonne then the operating costs would not cover the value even at a 0.7% Li2O cut off grade. |
| 3. | Processing cost assumptions: This estimated processing cost of $32 per tonne is based on an internal review and if this were to increase to approximately $50 per tonne then the operating cost would not cover the value even at a 0.7% Li2O cut off grade. |
| 4. | Metal extraction recovery assumptions: The estimated extraction recovery is 80% based on an internal review. If this recovery were to decrease to 65% then the operating cost would not cover the value even at a 0.7% Li2O cut off grade. |
| 5. | Concentrate transport cost assumptions: The concentrate transportation cost is based on an internal review of trucking the concentrate to the nearest train tracks (approximately 65 km) and then transporting it via rail to Churchill, Manitoba (approximately 600 km) which has a shipping port facility. This shipping cost per tonne should not change in any significant way that would impact this estimate in a detrimental way. |
Inferred Resource
Reasonable expectation that the majority of this Resource is upgradable to the Indicated category: There is a very good indication that this category can be upgraded to “Indicated” with more drilling.
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| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
Qualitative assessment of relevant technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospect of economic extraction include:
| 1. | Site infrastructure: The location of this project is in the general vicinity of a former mining area and is close to the small community of Herb Lake, Manitoba. There is good road access to this community and power is currently available and can be easily expanded. There is no known reason why a mine infrastructure could not be built here as long as all environmental and permitting directives are followed. |
| 2. | Mine design and planning: An underground mining scenario is currently envisioned for this project and there is potential for some open pit mining methods. There is no known reason why a mine infrastructure could not be built here as long as all environmental and permitting directives are followed. |
| 3. | Processing plant: There is no known reason why a processing plant could not be built here as long as all environmental and permitting directives are followed. |
| 4. | Environmental compliance and permitting: Before any construction work can be initiated an Environmental Baseline study needs to be completed and then reviewed by the appropriate authorities to establish permitting requirements for construction, operations and closure. |
| 5. | Socio-Economic: As this is a former mining area and is close to the mining community of Snow Lake, Manitoba no Socio-Economic are anticipated. However, community relations will need to be initiated to ensure all community concerns are addressed. |
| 6. | Marketing: There is a good opportunity to form contractual sales agreements for a longer term sale and price of the final product at a significantly higher price then the average market price. |
| 7. | Political: This is a mining area that relies on mining for it’s survival so there are no anticipated concerns with the local, regional and provincial authorities. |
| 8. | Legal and/or Title: Canmine is not aware of any known legal or title issues that would materially affect the Mineral Resource Estimate. |
| 11.5 | Comment on Section 11 |
The QP has estimated and classified the Mineral Resources in a manner consistent with S-K 1300. The risks of the Mineral Resources are presented in Section 11.4.
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| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| 12.0 | Mineral Reserves Estimates |
This section is not applicable.
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| 13.0 | Mining Methods |
This section is not applicable.
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| 14.0 | Processing and Recovery Methods |
This section is not applicable.
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| 15.0 | Infrastructure |
This section is not applicable.
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| 16.0 | Market Studies |
This section is not applicable.
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| 17.0 | Environmental Studies, Permitting, and Plans, Negotiations, or Agreements with Local Individuals or Groups |
This section is not applicable.
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| 18.0 | Capital and Operating Costs |
This section is not applicable.
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| 19.0 | Economic Analysis |
This section is not applicable.
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| 20.0 | Adjacent Properties |
Canmine and Nuterra are not aware of any relevant work on properties immediately adjacent to the TBL Property other than the Zoro pegmatite swarm approximately 5 km to the east of the TBL pegmatite cluster. The Zoro property hosts a swarm of 8 spodumene bearing pegmatite dykes. Dyke 1 contains an Inferred Resource of 1,074,567 tonnes grading 0.91% Li2O, 182 ppm Be, 198 ppm Cs, 51 ppm, Ga, 1212 ppm Rb, and 43 ppm Ta estimated using a cut-off of 0.3% Li2O. (Fedikow and Zelligan, 2018). The Zoro property is contiguous with the TBL Property but is 100 % owned by Far Resources Inc. (Far) and it is not part of the TBL Property.
The QP has had a chance to review Dyke 1 and concurs with the above description but is unable to verify any information about any of the other “Pegmatite Swarm” mentioned above.
Page 20-1
| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| 21.0 | Other Relevant Data and Information |
To the best of Canmine and Nuterra’s knowledge there is no other relevant data and information related to the TBL property.
Page 21-1
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| 22.0 | Interpretation and Conclusions |
Based on the site visit and subsequent review of available information on the Thompson Brothers Lithium Property Canmine offers the following interpretations and conclusions:
| ● | The Thompson Brothers Lithium Property is a project of merit that is at the exploration drilling and Resource Estimation stages. |
| ● | Lithium mineralization in spodumene bearing pegmatite dykes is the principle deposit type on the Property. |
| ● | The TBL Property comprises 5,108 ha and is host to the TB-1 spodumene bearing, lithium-enriched pegmatite dyke and other targets that could potentially contribute to a future lithium resource. |
| ● | The geology of the mineralized pegmatite dykes is relatively straightforward. The TB-1 pegmatite displays excellent grade continuity and thickness, and it is open along strike in both directions and to depth. |
| ● | The exploration program was implemented using industry best practices. The sample preparation, security, and analytical procedures are adequate, and the results of the QA/QC program evaluated by Canmine are acceptable. The diamond drilling procedures used are consistent with industry standards and Canmine is not aware of any factors that could materially impact the accuracy and reliability of the results. |
| ● | The drill hole database for holes TBL 1 – 28 has been validated; it is complete and up to date. In Canmine’s opinion, these drill hole data and their interpretation can be used to support the planning of future drilling programs and for this Resource Estimate. |
| ● | No significant technical challenges related to exploration and development of the deposit(s) have been identified. Areas of uncertainty that may materially impact the Mineral Resource estimate include commodity price assumptions, mining cost assumptions, processing cost assumptions, metal extraction recovery assumptions, and concentrate transport cost assumptions. |
| ● | In Canmine’s opinion, additional drilling could increase the Li2O Resource on the Property. |
Page 22-1
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| 23.0 | Recommendations |
The TBL Project is now at an advanced stage of exploration and based on the current Resource Estimate is of such quality and quantity that it is reasonable to think that this deposit could potentially have a “reserve estimate” in the future. The following are recommendations to head towards this goal:
| 1. | Design drill holes to test for the extension of lithium mineralization along strike and to depth, especially to the northeast and down plunge to at least -200 elevation (roughly 500 m below surface). |
| 2. | Initiate a Preliminary Economic Study (PEA) to determine if the current Resource could be economic. More advanced mineral processing and recovery studies should be a focus as well as identifying potential customers of a 6% Li2O concentrate. There is a rail line quite close to this property and the cost of transport of the concentrate should be investigated in greater detail. |
| 3. | A conceptual mine plan for the existing Resource should be investigated and this could form part of the PEA Study. |
| 4. | Investigate whether or not it is possible to acquire or become partners with the owners of the nearby “Zoro” lithium bearing pegmatites so that infrastructure, mining, processing and transport costs could be somehow shared. |
| 5. | Continue drilling the TB Deposit to try and increase the resource. |
| 6. | Report drilling results. |
Proposed Budget
| Item | Estimate $US |
| 1. Design drill holes to test for the extension of lithium mineralization | $7,500 |
| 2/3. Preliminary Economic Study and Conceptual Mine Plan | $150,000 |
| 4. Zoro Deposit investigation | $5,000 |
| 5. TB Lithium Deposit resource drilling | $410,000 |
| 6. Report drilling results | $10,000 |
| Total | $582,500 |
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| 24.0 | References |
Ansdell, K.M., Lucas, S.B., Connors, K., and Stern R.A., 1999. Coeval sedimentation, magmatism, and fold– thrust belt development in the Trans-Hudson Orogen: geochronological evidence from the Wekusko Lake area, Manitoba, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Volume 36, pp. 293-312.
Ansdell, K M, and Kyser, T K., 1991, Plutonism, deformation, and metamorphism in the Proterozoic Flin Flon greenstone belt, Canada: Limits on timing provided by the single-zircon Pb-evaporation technique. United States:
Bailes, A.H. and Galley, A.G., 1999. Evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Snow Lake arc assemblage and geodynamic setting for associated volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits, Flin Flon Belt, Manitoba, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Volume 36, pp. 1789-1805.
Benson, D. 2012. Report of work: soil geochemistry survey, Apex East Property, NTS 63J13SE, 63JSW, 63JNE. Mining Claims MB9617, MB9615. MMRD Assessment Report 63J12153, 37 p.
Bradley, D., and McCauley, A., 2016. A preliminary deposit model for lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT) pegmatites. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1008, 7 p.
Bradley, D., McCauley, A. and Stillings, L.M., 2017. Mineral-deposit model for lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatites. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5070–O, 48 p.
Brownell, G.M. 1932. Spodumene bearing dykes, “Gold Reef Group” Herb Lake, Manitoba. MMRD Assessment Report 92182, 4 p.
Caté, A., Mercier-Langevin, P., Ross, P.-S., Duff, S., Hannington, M.D., Dubé, B., and Gagné, S., 2014. The Paleoproterozoic Lalor VMS deposit, Snow Lake, Manitoba: observations on the nature and architecture of the gold and base metal-rich ore zones and associated alterations. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 7483, 19 p.
Cerny, P., 1991, Rare-element granitic pegmatites. Part 1: Anatomy and internal evolution of pegmatite deposits. Part 2: Regional to global environments and petrogenesis. Geoscience Canada, 18, 49-81.
Černý P., 1989, Exploration Strategy and Methods for Pegmatite Deposits of Tantalum. In: Möller P., Černý P., Saupé F. (eds) Lanthanides, Tantalum and Niobium. Special Publication No. 7 of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits, vol 7.
Cerny, P. and Meintzer, R.E., 1988, Fertile granites in the Archean and Proterozoic fields of rare element pegmatites:crustal environment, geochemistryand petrogenetic relationships. In : Taylor, R.P. and Strong, D.F. (Eds.), Recent Advances in the Geology of granite related mineral deposits, The Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallugy, Special Publication, no.39, pp.170–206
Cerny, P., Trueman, D.L., Ziehlke, D.V., Good, B.E., and Paul, B.J., 1981. The Cat Lake - Winnipeg River and the Wekusko Lake Pegmatite Fields, Manitoba. MMRD, Economic Geology Report ER80-1, 236 p.
Combined Developments Ltd, 1956. Diamond drill logs and sketch maps, Violet property. MMRD Assessment Report 90099. 56 p.
Dahrouge, 2016. Summary report on the Thompson Brothers Lithium property. Unpublished Quantum Resources Limited report prepared by Dahrouge Geological Consulting Ltd., 9 p.
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Dahrouge, 2017. Digital data files and notes on the Thompson Brothers Lithium property, drill holes TBL 1-6. Unpublished Quantum Resources Limited data prepared by Dahrouge Geological Consulting Ltd.
Dufresne R., 2009, Strider Lithium Property - Snow Lake Area, Herb Lake Mining Division, Manitoba, Canada, Rodinia Minerals internal technical report.
Fedikow, M. and Zelligan, S., 2018. NI 43-101 Technical Report on the Zoro Lithium Project, Snow Lake, Manitoba. Unpublished report prepared for Far Resources Ltd. 187 p.
Martins, T., Linnen, R.L., Fedikow, M.A.F. and Singh, J. 2017: Whole-rock and mineral geochemistry as exploration tools for rare-element pegmatite in Manitoba: examples from the Cat Lake–Winnipeg River and Wekusko Lake pegmatite fields (parts of NTS 52L6, 63J13). in Report of Activities 2017, Manitoba Growth, Enterprise and Trade, Manitoba Geological Survey, pp. 42–51.
Matile, G.L.D. and Keller, G.R. 2006: Surficial geology of The Pas map sheet (NTS 63F), Manitoba; Manitoba Science, Technology, Energy and Mines, Manitoba Geological Survey, Surficial Geology Compilation Map Series, SG-63F, scale 1:250 000. Scale1:25 0 0 10 20 30 Kilometres
Midgley, G.E. 1956. Report on the Jean 1-13 Mineral Claims, Record numbers 36747 - 36759 incl., Herb Lake, Manitoba, prepared for Combined Developments Limited. MMRD, Assessment Report 90075, 1 p.
Midgley, G.E. 1956. Report on the Stev 1-18 Mineral Claims, Record numbers 36605 - 36622 incl., Herb Lake, Manitoba, prepared for Combined Developments Limited. 12 p.
Manitoba Ministry of Natural Resources (MMNR), 2018. GIS map gallery, geographical information system. http://www.manitoba.ca/iem/geo/gis/index.html
McGill, W.P. 1956. Report on geophysical survey o the Crowduck Bay property of Magnetawan Iron Mines Limited, Herb Lake Mining Division, Manitoba. MMRD, Assessment Report 90071, 46 p.
NATMAP Shield Margin Working Group, 1998. Geology NATMAP Shield Margin Project Area (Flin Flon Belt), Manitoba-Saskatchewan: Geological Survey of Canada Map 1968A, Manitoba Energy and Mines Map A-98-2, Sheets 1 to 7, Saskatchewan Energy Mines Map 258A-7, scale 1:100,000.
Nemaska Lithium Inc, 2018. Management discussion and analysis, 4th Quarter 2017. 40 p.
Nova Minerals Ltd., 2021: Thompson Brothers Lithium Project Resource Update. ASX and Media Release, Compiled by Hrdy and Galeschuk (QP the “JORC Code”), June 3, 2021
Nova Minerals Limited, 2018a. Maiden lithium resource for Nova’s Thompson Brothers and exploration target. July 25 Press Release, 16 p.
Nova Minerals Inc., 2018b: Work Report on 2017 and 2018 drilling, Thompson Brothers Lithium Property, Snow Lake Area, Herb lake Mining Division, Manitoba, Canada. QP: Mr. Dale Schultz, Temagami, Ontario, Canada.
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| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
Parker, S. 1989. Spodumene Sample MLR 099. Lakefield Research. MMRD Assessment Report 93474, 4 p.
Sherritt Gordon Mines, 1942. Diamond drill logs for holes 1-28, sketch maps and sections. MMRD Assessment Report 92182. 83 p.
Syme, E.G., Lucas, S.B., Zwanzig, H.V., Bailes, A.H., Ashton, K.E., and Haidl, F.M., 1998. Geology, NATMAP Shield Margin Project Area Flin Flon Belt, Manitoba/Saskatchewan accompanying notes. Manitoba Energy and Mines Map 258A. 57 p.
Schultz, D.J. 2018. Work Report on 2017 and 2018 drilling, Thompson Brothers Lithium Property, Snow Lake Area, Herb Lake Mining Division, Manitoba, Canada. 6,080,000N / 455,000E (NAD83, Zone 14) NTS: 63J13SE. MMRD, Assessment Report, 346 p.
Thompson, H.L. 1977. Report of work on the Thompson # 3 and 4 claims, 1 trench, sketch maps, Crowduck Bay, Herb Lake area, Manitoba. MMRD, Assessment Report 99525, 6 p.
Thompson, H.L. 1978. Report of work on the Thompson # 4 1claim, drill log hole 1, sketch maps, Crowduck Bay, Herb Lake, Manitoba. MMRD, Assessment Report 93359, 6 p.
Thompson, H.L. 1979. Report of work on the Thompson # 4 1claim, drill log deepening hole 1, sketch maps, Crowduck Bay, Herb Lake, Manitoba. MMRD Assessment Report 93360, 6 p.
Thompson, H.L. 1980. Report of work on the on the Thompson # 2 claim, 1 trench, sketch maps, Crowduck Bay, Herb Lake area, Manitoba. MMRD Assessment Report 99525, 6 p.
Thompson, H.L. 1981. Report of work on the Thompson # 2 claim, drill log holes 2 and 3, sketch maps, Crowduck Bay, Herb Lake, Manitoba. MMRD Assessment Report 70151, 8 p.
Thompson, H.L. 1984. Report of work, Thompson # 7 claim, Crowduck Bay, Herb Lake, 1 trench, sketch maps, Manitoba. MMRD Assessment Report 70768, 8 p.
Thompson, G.F. 1985. Summary report relating to 1985 development work on the Thompson Lithium claims, Crowduck Bay, Herb Lake, Manitoba, Map 63J13SE. MMRD, Assessment Report 71008.
Thompson, G.F. 1987. Report of work, Thompson # 7 claim, 1 trench, sketch maps, Crowduck Bay, Herb Lake, Manitoba. MMRD, Assessment Report 71492, 11 p.
Thompson, H.L. 1980. Thompson Group, Crowduck Bay, Herb Lake area, Manitoba, Map 63J13SE. MMRD, Assessment Report 99905.
Wendeborn, E.J, 1956. Report of work, Frost # 7, 8 and 9, Strike # 16, Dot 8, Gert 1 and Easton 18 claims, drill logs and sketch maps, Crowduck Bay, Manitoba. MMRD, Assessment Report 90074. 20 p.
Xia, L., and Adeoye, A., 2018. Preliminary Metallurgical Testing of Spodumene Recovery, Unpublished Saskatchewan Research Council (SRC) Publication No. 13363-16C18 prepared for Nova Minerals Limited. 14 p.
Ziehlke, D.V. 1995. Report of work, Thompson # 3 claim, 1 trench, sketch maps, Wekusko Lake, Manitoba. MMRD, Assessment Report 72969. 7 p.
Ziehlke, D.V. 1997. Report on drilling on the Thompson Lithium Property, Snow Lake area, Manitoba. MMRD, Assessment Report 73154. 25 p.
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| Thompson Brothers Lithium Project | |
| 25.0 | Reliance on Information Provided by the Registrant |
Although every attempt was made to obtain all relevant and available documents some may have been overlooked.
For the purposes of this TRS, the Authors have relied on ownership information provided by SLR . The Authors have not researched property title or mineral rights for the Property and express no opinion as to the ownership status of the Property.
Section 4.1 of this TRS (Ownership), summarizing the underlying property Royalty obligations, was contributed by SLR personnel.
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