GT Biopharma, Inc S-1/A, filed Feb 9, 2021
GT Biopharma, Inc. (GTBP)
S-1/A
2021-02-09
View Original
Added on
October 28, 2026
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 8,
2021
Registration No. 333-251311
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Amendment
No. 3
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
GT BIOPHARMA, INC.
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Delaware
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2834
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94-1620407
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State or other jurisdiction
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(Primary Standard Industrial
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(I.R.S. Employer
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incorporation or organization
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Classification Code Number)
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9350 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 203
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
(800) 304-9888
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area
code, of registrant’s principal executive
offices)
Anthony J. Cataldo
Chief Executive Officer
9350 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 203
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
(800) 304-9888
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including
area code, of agent for service)
Copies of Communications to:
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Roger W. Bivans
Baker & McKenzie LLP
1900 N. Pearl Street, Suite 1500
Dallas, TX 75201, USA
(214) 978 3000
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Ralph V. De Martino
Cavas S. Pavri
Alec Orudjev
Schiff Hardin LLP
901 K Street NW, Suite 700
Washington, DC 20001
Telephone: (202) 778-6400
Facsimile: (202) 778-6460
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the
public: As soon as practicable
after the effective date of this registration
statement.
If any securities being registered on this Form are to be offered
on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under
the Securities Act of 1933,
check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an
offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and
list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective registration
statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule
462(c) under the Securities
Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule
462(d) under the Securities
Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of
the earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer,
smaller reporting company, or
an emerging growth company. See
the definitions of “large accelerated filer,”
“accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting
company,” and “emerging
growth company” in Rule
12b-2 of the Exchange
Act.
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Large accelerated filer ☐
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Accelerated filer ☐
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Non-accelerated filer ☒
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Smaller reporting company ☒
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Emerging growth company ☐
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If an emerging growth company,
indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the
extended transition period for complying with any new or revised
financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section
7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities
Act. ☐
_______________________
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
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Title of Each Class of Securities To Be Registered
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Proposed Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price(1)(2)(3)
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Amount of
Registration Fee(6)
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Units
consisting of:
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$10,000,000
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$1,091.00
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Shares
of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common
Stock”), included in the Units
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—(4)
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—
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Warrants
to purchase common stock included in the Units
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—(4)
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—
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Pre-Funded
Units consisting of:
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$10,000,000
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$1,091.00
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Warrants
to purchase common stock included in the Pre-Funded
Units
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—(4)
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—
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Pre-funded
warrants to purchase common stock included in the Pre-Funded
Units
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—(4)
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—
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Underwriter’s
over-allotment option (5)
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$3,000,000
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$327.30
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Underwriter’s
warrants (5)
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$1,250,000
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$136.39
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Shares
of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Underwriter’s
warrants
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—(4)
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—
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Shares
of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants included in
the Units and Pre-Funded Units
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—(4)
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—
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Shares
of common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants
included in the Pre-Funded Units
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—(4)
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—
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Shares
of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants included in
the Underwriter’s over-allotment option
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—(4)
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—
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Total
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$24,250,000
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$2,645.68
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_____________
(1)
Pursuant to Rule 416 promulgated under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities
Act”), this registration statement shall also cover any an
indeterminate number of additional shares of the
registrant’s common stock
as may be issuable because of any future stock dividends, stock
distributions, stock splits, similar capital readjustments or other
anti-dilution adjustments.
(2)
All
amounts in this table are estimated solely for the purpose of
calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o)
under the Securities Act. The registrant may increase or decrease
the size of the offering prior to effectiveness.
(3)
The
proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the Units and
Pre-Funded Units, if any, is $24,250,000. This registration fee
table shows a proposed maximum aggregate offering price of
$24,250,000 solely for purposes of complying with guidance of the
Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) relating
to the payment of registration fees, as we are required by the SEC
to register separately the Units, the Pre-Funded Units, the shares
of common stock included in the Units, the warrants included in the
Units and Pre-Funded Units, the pre-funded warrants included in the
Pre-Funded Units, the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise
of the warrants included in the Units and Pre-Funded Units, the
shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded
warrants included in the Pre-Funded Units. The aggregate offering
price of the Units proposed to be sold in the offering will be
reduced on a dollar-for-dollar basis based on the aggregate
offering price of the Pre-Funded Units offered and sold in the
offering (plus the aggregate exercise price of the shares of common
stock issuable upon exercise of the pre-funded warrants included in
the Pre-Funded Units).
(4)
No
additional registration fee is payable pursuant to Rule 457(i)
under the Securities Act.
(5)
Includes
additional Units which may be issued upon the exercise of a 45-day
option granted to the underwriters to cover over-allotments, if
any, up to 15% of the total number of Units to be
offered, which may be
exercised for shares of common stock, warrants or both at the
election of the underwriters. We have calculated the
proposed maximum aggregate offering price of the common stock
underlying the underwriter’s warrants to purchase up to 5% of
the securities sold in this offering by assuming that such warrants
are exercisable at a price per share equal to 125% of the public
offering price of the common stock in the units sold in this
offering.
(6)
Previously
paid.
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such
date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until
the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically
states that this registration statement shall thereafter become
effective in accordance with section 8(a) of the Securities Act of
1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on
such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission acting pursuant
to said section 8(a), may determine.
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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and
may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the
registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an
offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to
buy these securities in any state or jurisdiction where the offer
or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED February
8,
2021
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
2,642,008
Units
(Each Unit Consisting of One Share of Common Stock and One Common
Warrant to Purchase One Share of Common Stock)
We are offering
2,642,008 units (the
“Units”), with each Unit consisting of (i) one share of
common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common
Stock”), of GT Biopharma, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the
“Company”), and (ii) one warrant to purchase one share
of common stock (a “Common Warrant”). The Common
Warrants will have an exercise price equal to the public offering
price of the Units, will be exercisable at any time after the date
of issuance and will expire five years from the
date of issuance.
It is currently estimated that the public offering price
will be $7.57 per Unit, which is the last reported sale price of
our shares of common stock on the OTCQB on February 5, 2021 after
giving effect to the planned 1-for-17 reverse stock split described
below.
We are
also offering to those purchasers, if any, whose purchase of Units
in this offering would result in the purchaser, together with its
affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more
than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our
outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of
this offering, the opportunity to purchase, in lieu of Units that
would otherwise result in ownership in excess of 4.99% (or, at the
election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common stock,
pre-funded units (the “Pre-Funded Units”), with each
Pre-Funded Unit consisting of (i) a pre-funded warrant to purchase
one share of Common Stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrant”),
and (ii) one Common Warrant. Because we will issue a Common Warrant
as part of each Unit or Pre-Funded Unit, the number of Common
Warrants sold in this offering will not change as a result of a
change in the mix of the Units and Pre-Funded Units sold. Each
Pre-Funded Warrant contained in a Pre-Funded Unit will be
exercisable for one share of Common Stock. The purchase price of
each Pre-Funded Unit will equal the price per Unit being sold to
the public in this offering, less $0.001, and the exercise price of
each Pre-Funded Warrant included in the Pre-Funded Unit will be
$0.001 per share. Each Pre-Funded Warrant is exercisable for one
share of our Common Stock at any time at the option of the holder,
provided that the holder will be prohibited from exercising
Pre-Funded Warrants for shares of our Common Stock if, as a result
of such exercise, the holder, together with its affiliates, would
own more than 4.99% of the total number of shares of our Common
Stock then issued and outstanding. However, any holder may increase
such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%,
provided that any increase in such percentage shall not be
effective until 61 days after such notice to us. Otherwise, the
Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable and may be
exercised at any time until exercised in full.
For
each Pre-Funded Unit we sell, the number of Units we are offering
will be decreased on a one-for-one basis. Units and the Pre-Funded
Units will not be issued or certificated. The Common Stock or
Pre-Funded Warrants, as the case may be, and the Common Warrants
included in the Units or the Pre-Funded Units, can only be
purchased together in this offering, but the securities contained
in the Units or Pre-Funded Units will be issued separately and will
be immediately separable upon issuance. The shares of Common Stock
issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Common Warrants and
the Pre-Funded Warrants are also being offered by this prospectus.
We refer to the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable upon
exercise of the Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants, and the
shares of Common Stock, the Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants
being offered hereby, collectively, as the
“securities.”
Our
Common Stock is presently quoted on the OTCQB, one of the OTC
Markets Group over-the-counter markets, under the trading symbol
“GTBP.” On February 5, 2021, the closing sale price for
our Common Stock was $0.445. We have applied to list our Common
Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol
“GTBP.” No assurance can be given that our application
will be approved or that the trading prices of our Common Stock on
the OTCQB market will be indicative of the prices of our Common
Stock if our Common Stock were traded on the Nasdaq Capital
Market.
There
is no established public trading market for the Common Warrants or
the Pre-Funded Warrants, and we do not expect such a market to
develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for a listing of
the Common Warrants or the Pre-Funded Warrants on any national
securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading
system.
Unless
otherwise noted and other than in our financial statements and the
notes thereto, the share and per share information in this
prospectus reflects an approved reverse stock split of the
outstanding common stock and treasury stock of the Company at a
1-for-17 ratio to occur following the effective date but prior to
the closing of the offering.
Investing in our securities involves a
high degree of risk. You should carefully review and consider
“Risk Factors” beginning on page 17 of this
prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the “SEC”) nor any state securities
commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or
determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal
offense.
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Per Unit
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Per Pre-Funded
Unit
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Total(2)
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Public offering price
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$
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$
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$
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Underwriter discounts and commissions (1)
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$
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$
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$
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Proceeds, before expenses, to us
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$
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$
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$
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(1)
The
underwriters will receive compensation in addition to the
underwriting discount and commissions. We have agreed to issue upon
the closing of this offering common stock purchase warrants to the
underwriters entitling them to purchase up to 5% of the aggregate
securities sold in this offering. The exercise price of such
warrants is equal to 125% of the public offering price of
the securities offered
hereby. The warrants will be exercisable commencing six months
after the date of effectiveness of this Registration Statement and
will terminate five years after the date of effectiveness of this
Registration Statement. See “Underwriting”
beginning on page 83 of this prospectus for additional information
regarding underwriting compensation.
(2)
The public offering corresponds to an assumed
public offering price per share of common stock and per pre-funded
warrant of $7.56 and an assumed public offering price per warrant
of $0.01.
We have granted the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase
securities up to 15% of the total number of securities offered
solely to cover over-allotments, if any, which may be exercised for
shares of common stock, warrants or both at the election of the
underwriters.
Delivery of the securities is expected to be made on or
about ,
2021, subject to customary closing conditions.
Roth
Capital
Partners
Dawson
James Securities, Inc.
The date of this prospectus
is
, 2021.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
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v
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
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1
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RISK FACTORS
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16
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| USE OF PROCEEDS |
42
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MARKET INFORMATION
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43
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CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION
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44
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DILUTION
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45
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
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46
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DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
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55
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DIRECTORS,
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
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66
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
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68
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VOTING SECURITIES AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS
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71
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
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74
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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS TO NON-U.S.
HOLDERS
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77
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UNDERWRITING
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83
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LEGAL MATTERS
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87
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EXPERTS
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87
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
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87
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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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F-1
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iii
CAUTIONARY NOTICE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Some of
the statements in this prospectus are “forward-looking
statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor from
liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform
Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include statements
regarding our current beliefs, goals and expectations about matters
such as our expected financial position and operating results, our
business strategy and our financing plans. The forward-looking
statements in this prospectus are not based on historical facts,
but rather reflect the current expectations of our management
concerning future results and events. The forward-looking
statements generally can be identified by the use of terms such as
“believe,” “expect,”
“anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,”
“foresee,” “may,” “guidance,”
“estimate,” “potential,”
“outlook,” “target,”
“forecast,” “likely” or other similar words
or phrases. Similarly, statements that describe our objectives,
plans or goals are, or may be, forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks,
uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results,
performance or achievements to be different from any future
results, performance and achievements expressed or implied by these
statements. We cannot guarantee that our forward-looking statements
will turn out to be correct or that our beliefs and goals will not
change. Our actual results could be very different from and worse
than our expectations for various reasons. You should review
carefully all information, including the discussion under
“Risk Factors”
and “Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations” in this prospectus or under similar
headings in any accompanying prospectus supplement. Any
forward-looking statements in this prospectus are made only as of
the date hereof and, except as may be required by law, we do not
have any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking
statements contained in this prospectus to reflect subsequent
events or circumstances.
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-1
that we filed with the SEC under the Securities Act. This
prospectus does not contain all of the information included in the
registration statement. For further information, we refer you to
the registration statement, including its exhibits, filed with the
SEC. Statements contained in this prospectus about the contents of
any document are not necessarily complete. If SEC rules require
that a document be filed as an exhibit to the registration
statement, please see such document for a complete description of
these matters. You should carefully read this prospectus, together
with the additional information described under the headings
“Where You Can Find More
Information.”
Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide
you with any information or to make any representations other than
that contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus
we may authorize to be delivered or made available to you. We take
no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the
reliability of, any other information that others may give you.
Neither we nor the underwriters are making an offer to sell
securities in any jurisdiction in which the offer or sale is not
permitted. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as
of the date on the front cover of this prospectus, regardless of
the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our
shares of common stock and the information in any free writing
prospectus that we may provide to you in connection with this
offering is accurate only as of the date of that free writing
prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of
operations and prospects may have changed since those
dates.
For investors outside the United States: Neither we nor the underwriters have done anything
that would permit this offering, or possession or distribution of
this prospectus, in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose
is required, other than in the United States. Persons who come into
possession of this prospectus in jurisdictions outside the United
States are required to inform themselves about and to observe any
restrictions as to this offering and the distribution of this
prospectus applicable to those jurisdictions.
Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this
prospectus concerning our industry and the markets in which we
operate, including our general expectations and market position,
market opportunity and market share, is based on information from
our own management estimates and research, as well as from industry
and general publications and research, surveys and studies
conducted by third parties. Management estimates are derived from
publicly available information, our knowledge of our industry and
assumptions based on such information and knowledge, which we
believe to be reasonable. In addition, assumptions and estimates of
our and our industry’s future performance are necessarily
subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety
of factors, including those described in “Risk
Factors.” These and other
factors could cause our future performance to differ materially
from our assumptions and estimates. See “Cautionary Notice Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements.”
This prospectus contains summaries of certain provisions contained
in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to
the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their
entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents
referred to herein have been, or will be, filed or incorporated by
reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part, and you may obtain copies of those documents
as described below under the heading “Where You Can Find More
Information.”
All product and
company names are trademarks of their
respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks and trade
names referred to in this prospectus, including logos, artwork and
other visual displays, may appear without the ® or
TM
symbols, but such references are not
intended to indicate, in any way, that their respective owners will
not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their
rights thereto. We do not intend our use or display of other
companies’ trade names or
trademarks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or
sponsorship of us by, any other companies.
Throughout this prospectus, the terms “we,”
“us,” “our,” and “our Company”
and “the Company” refer to GT Biopharma, Inc., a
Delaware corporation, and/or its related subsidiaries, as the
context may require.
v
1
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PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
This summary highlights certain
information about us, this offering and selected information
contained elsewhere in this prospectus. Because this is only a
summary, it does not contain all of the information that may be important to
you or that you should consider before investing in our
common stock. You should read the
entire prospectus carefully, especially the information under
“Risk Factors” set forth in this prospectus and the
information included in any prospectus supplement or free writing
prospectus that we have authorized for use in connection with this
offering. This prospectus contains forward-looking statements,
based on current expectations and related to future events and our
future financial performance, that involve risks and uncertainties.
Our actual results may vary materially from those discussed in the
forward-looking statements as a result of various factors,
including, without limitation, those set forth under “Risk
Factors,” as well as other matters described in this
prospectus. See “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking
Statements.”
Overview
We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and
commercialization of novel immuno-therapeutic products based on our
proprietary Tri-specific Killer
Engager (TriKE™) and Tetra-specific Killer Engager (TetraKE™)
platform technologies. Our TriKE and TetraKE platforms generate proprietary
therapeutic candidates that are designed to harness and enhance the
immune response of a patient’s endogenous natural killer
cells (“NK cells”). Once bound to an NK cell, our
platform moieties are designed to enhance the activity of NK cells,
with targeted direction to one or more proteins expressed on a
specific type of cancer cell or virus infected cell, ultimately
resulting in targeted cell death. We have constructed our TriKEs and TetraKEs of
recombinant fusion proteins that can be designed to target a wide
array of tumor antigen that may be located on hematologic
malignancies, sarcomas or solid tumors. Our TriKEs and TetraKEs do
not require patient-specific or autologous
customization.
We are using our TriKE and
TetraKE platforms with the intent to bring to market products that
treat a range of hematologic malignancies, sarcomas, solid tumors
and selected infectious diseases. Our platforms are scalable, and
in addition to our first clinical indication of our TriKE platform
in relapsed or refractory acute myelogenous leukemia
(“AML”), we are preparing investigational new drug
applications (“IND”) based on a specific
TriKE or TetraKE design. We intend to
continue to advance into the clinic, on our own or through
potential collaborations with larger companies, multiple TriKE or TetraKE product
candidates. We believe our TriKEs and TetraKEs may have the ability, if
approved for marketing, to be used as monotherapy, be dosed
concomitantly with current monoclonal antibody therapeutics, be
used in conjunction with more traditional cancer therapy, and
potentially overcome certain limitations of current chimeric
antigen receptor (“CAR-T”) therapy.
We are also using our TriKE and
TetraKE platforms to develop therapeutics for the treatment of
infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus
(“HIV”) and COVID-19 infection. For example, while the
use of anti-retroviral drugs has substantially improved the
morbidity and mortality of individuals infected with HIV, these
drugs are designed to suppress virus replication and to help
modulate progression to AIDS and to limit further transmission of
the virus. Despite the use of anti-retroviral drugs, infected
individuals retain reservoirs of latent HIV-infected cells that,
upon cessation of anti-retroviral drug therapy, can reactivate and
reestablish an active HIV infection. Destruction of these latent
HIV infected cells is the primary objective of curative
therapy. Our HIV-TriKE contains
the antigen binding fragment (Fab) from a broadly-neutralizing
antibody targeting the HIV-Env
protein. The HIV-TriKE is
designed to target HIV while redirecting NK cell killing
specifically to actively replicating HIV infected cells. The
HIV-TriKE induced NK cell
proliferation and demonstrated the ability in vitro to reactivate
and kill HIV-infected T-cells. These findings indicate a potential
role for the HIV-TriKE in the
reactivation and elimination of the latently infected HIV reservoir
cells by harnessing the NK cell’s ability to mediate the
antibody-directed cellular cytotoxicity
(“ADCC”).
We have licensed the exclusive rights from the University of
Minnesota to the TriKE and
TetraKE platforms.
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2
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Immuno-Oncology Product Candidates
GTB-3550
GTB-3550 is our first TriKE product
candidate. It is a tri-specific single-chain variable fragment
(“scFV”) recombinant fusion protein conjugate composed
of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of anti-CD16
and anti-CD33 antibodies and a modified form of IL-15, in a novel
conformational construct. We have commenced clinical trials of this
anti-CD16-IL-15-anti-CD33 TriKE in CD33 positive leukemias, a
marker expressed on tumor cells in AML, and we intend to study this
TriKE in myelodysplastic syndrome (“MDS”) and other
hematopoietic malignancies. CD33 is primarily a myeloid
differentiation antigen with endocytic properties broadly expressed
on AML blasts and, possibly, some leukemic stem cells. CD33
or Siglec-3 (sialic acid
binding Ig-like lectin 3,
SIGLEC3, SIGLEC3, gp67, p67) is a transmembrane receptor expressed
on cells of myeloid lineage. It is usually considered
myeloid-specific, but it can also be found on some lymphoid cells.
The anti-CD33 antibody fragment was derived from the M195 humanized
anti-CD33 scFV and has been used in human clinical studies. We
believe the recent approval of the antibody-drug conjugate
gemtuzumab validates this targeted approach.
Patients who are diagnosed with AML typically receive frontline
therapy—usually chemotherapy—including cytarabine and
an anthracycline, a therapy that has not changed in over 40 years.
Approximately 50% of patients will relapse and require alternative
therapies. In addition, MDS incidence rates in the U.S. have
dramatically increased from 3.3 per 100,000 individuals from
2001-2004 to 70 per 100,000 annually. MDS is especially prevalent
in elderly patients that have a median age of 76 years at
diagnosis. The survival of patients with MDS is poor due to
decreased eligibility, as a result of advanced age, for allogeneic
hematopoietic cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT), the only curative
MDS treatment (Cogle CR. Incidence and Burden of the
Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2015;
10(3):272-281). We believe GTB-3550 could serve as a relatively
safe, cost-effective and easy-to-use therapy for
resistant/relapsing AML and could also be combined with
chemotherapy as frontline therapy thus targeting the larger
market.
We filed an IND amendment in June 2018 and announced on November 1,
2018 that we received notification from the FDA that the IND was
open and that the Company was authorized to initiate a
first-in-human Phase I clinical
trial with GTB-3550 in AML, MDS and severe mastocytosis. We
began our Phase I clinical
trial in January 2020.
GTB-C3550
GTB-C3550 is a next-generation, follow-on, to our lead
TriKE, GTB-3550. GTB-C3550 contains a
modified CD16 moiety which has improved binding characteristics and
enhanced tumorcidal activity based on functional assays and animal
models of AML. Using our platform technology, we substituted the
anti-CD16 scFv arm in GTB-3550
with a novel humanized single-domain anti-CD16 antibody to create
this second-generation molecule which may have improved
functionality. Single-domain antibodies, such as GTB-C3550,
typically have several advantages including better stability and
solubility, more resistance to pH changes, can better recognize
hidden antigenic sites, lack a VL portion thus preventing VH/VL
mispairing and are suitable for construction of larger molecules.
GTB-C3550 induced a potent increase in NK cell degranulation,
measured by CD107a expression
against HL-60 AML tumor targets when compared to our
first-generation TriKE
(70.75±3.65% vs. 30.75±5.05%). IFN production was
similarly enhanced (29.2±1.8% vs. 6.55±1.07%). GTB-C3550
also exhibited a robust increase in NK cell proliferation
(57.65±6.05% vs. 20.75±2.55%). GTB-3550 studies will help
inform the development of GTB-C3550 which we expect will de-risk
the GTB-C3550 program as data will be generated to make an informed
decision on which, or both, will be brought into later phase
clinical trials.
GTB-1615
GTB-1615 is an example of our first-generation TetraKEs designed for the treatment of solid
tumors. It is a single-chain fusion protein composed of
CD16-IL15-EpCAM-CD133. EpCAM is
found on many solid tumor cells of epithelial origin and CD133 is a
marker for cancer stem cells. This TetraKE is designed to target not only the
heterogeneous population of cancer cells found in solid tumors but
also the cancer stem cells that are typically responsible for
recurrences. We intend to initiate human clinical trials for
certain of our solid tumor product candidates later this
year.
Recent Developments
Collaboration Agreement
On March 10, 2020, we entered into a collaboration
agreement
with Cytovance®
Biologics, a USA-based contract development and manufacturing
organization and a subsidiary of the Shenzhen Hepalink
Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (“Hepalink”), to provide
development services for a TriKE therapeutic for
the treatment of the coronavirus infection. Under the terms of the
collaboration agreement, the
companies
will focus on preparing sufficient quantities of our
coronavirus TriKE drug
product for
preclinical evaluation using Cytovance’s E.
coli-based Keystone
Expression System™ and
subsequently, will scale-up production using Cytovance’s GMP
microbial manufacturing platform for evaluation of
TriKE in
humans to treat the coronavirus infection.
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Financings
December 2020 / January 2021 Financing
In
December 2020 and January 2021, we entered into a securities
purchase agreement with sixty-five purchasers pursuant to which we
issued convertible debentures in an aggregate principal amount of
$8,985,000 (the “December 2020 / January 2021
Notes”).
The
December 2020 / January 2021 Notes are convertible at any time, at
the holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an
initial conversion price of $0.20 per share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership
limit of 9.99%). The conversion price is also subject to
adjustment due to certain events, including stock dividends, stock
splits and in connection with the issuance by the Company
of common stock or common stock equivalents at an
effective price per share lower than the conversion rate then in
effect. The December 2020 / January 2021 Notes will be subject to
mandatory conversion in the event of the completion of a future
financing in the amount of at least $15 million at
a conversion price equal to the lesser of (i)
the conversion price in effect for the December 2020 / January
2021 Notes on the date of completion of such financing or (ii) 75%
of the lowest per share price at which common stock may be
issued in connection with any conversion rights associated with the
financing, in each case, subject to the beneficial ownership
limitations described above.
The
December 2020 / January 2021 Notes each have a term of six months
and mature in June or July, 2021, as applicable, unless earlier
converted or repurchased. The December 2020 / January 2021 Notes
accrue interest at a rate of 10% per annum, subject to increase to
18% per annum upon and during the occurrence of an event of
default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the holder’s
option, in shares of common stock based on the conversion
price then in effect. We may not prepay the December 2020 / January
2021 Notes without the prior written consent of the applicable
holder.
November 2020 Financing
In November, 2020, we entered into a securities purchase agreement
with three purchasers pursuant to which we issued convertible
debentures in an aggregate principal amount of $350,000 (the
“November 2020 Notes”).
The November 2020 Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an
initial conversion price of $0.20 per share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership
limit of 9.99%). The conversion price is also subject to
adjustment due to certain events, including stock dividends, stock
splits and in connection with the issuance by the Company
of common stock or common stock equivalents at an
effective price per share lower than the conversion rate then in
effect. The November 2020 Notes will be subject to mandatory
conversion in the event of the completion of a future financing in
the amount of at least $15 million at a conversion price equal
to the lesser of (i) the conversion price in effect for the
November 2020 Notes on the date of completion of such financing or
(ii) 75% of the lowest per share price at which common stock
may be issued in connection with any conversion rights associated
with the financing, in each case, subject to the beneficial
ownership limitations described above.
The November 2020 Notes each have a term of six months and mature
in May, 2021, unless earlier converted or repurchased. The November
2020 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 10% per annum, subject to
increase to 18% per annum upon and during the occurrence of an
event of default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the
holder’s option, in shares of common stock based on
the conversion price then in effect. We may not prepay the
November 2020 Notes without the prior written consent of the
applicable holder.
September 2020 Financing
On September 16, 2020, we entered into a securities purchase
agreement with two purchasers pursuant to which we issued
convertible debentures in an aggregate principal amount of $250,000
(the “September 2020 Notes”).
The September 2020 Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an
initial conversion price of $0.20 per share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership
limit of 9.99%). The conversion price is also subject to
adjustment due to certain events, including stock dividends, stock
splits and in connection with the issuance by the Company
of common stock or common stock equivalents at an
effective price per share lower than the conversion rate then in
effect. The September 2020 Notes will be subject to mandatory
conversion in the event of the completion of a future financing in
the amount of at least $15 million at a conversion price equal
to the lesser of (i) the conversion price in effect for the
September 2020 Notes on the date of completion of such financing or
(ii) 75% of the lowest per share price at which common stock
may be issued in connection with any conversion rights associated
with the financing, in each case, subject to the beneficial
ownership limitations described above.
The September 2020 Notes each have a term of six months and mature
on March 16, 2021, unless earlier converted or repurchased. The
September 2020 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 10% per annum,
subject to increase to 18% per annum upon and during the occurrence
of an event of default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the
holder’s option, in shares of common stock based on
the conversion price then in effect. We may not prepay the
September 2020 Notes without the prior written consent of the
applicable holder.
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July 2020 Financing
On July 7, 2020, we entered into a securities purchase
agreement with ten purchasers pursuant to which we issued
convertible notes in an aggregate principal amount of
approximately $3.2 million (collectively, the “July 2020
Notes”).
The July 2020 Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an
initial conversion price of $0.20 per share, subject to
certain beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum
ownership limit of 9.99%). The conversion price is also
subject to adjustment due to certain events, including stock
dividends, stock splits and in connection with the issuance by the
Company of common stock or common stock equivalents at an
effective price per share lower than the conversion rate then in
effect. The July 2020 Notes will be subject to mandatory conversion
in the event of the completion of a future financing in the amount
of at least $15 million at a conversion price equal to the
lesser of (i) the conversion price in effect for the July 2020
Notes on the date of completion of such financing or (ii) 75% of
the lowest per share price at which common stock may be issued
in connection with any conversion rights associated with the
financing, in each case, subject to the beneficial ownership
limitations described above.
The July 2020 Notes each have a term of six months and mature on
January 7, 2021, unless earlier converted or repurchased. The July
2020 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 10% per annum, subject to
increase to 18% per annum upon and during the occurrence of an
event of default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the
holder’s option, in shares of common stock based on
the conversion price then in effect. We may not prepay the
July 2020 Notes without the prior written consent of the applicable
holder.
May 2020 Financing
Between April 20, 2020 and May 7, 2020, we entered into
securities purchase agreements with eight purchasers pursuant
to which we issued convertible notes in an aggregate principal
amount of approximately $2.0 million (collectively, the “May
2020 Notes”).
The May 2020 Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an
initial conversion price of $0.20 per share, subject to
certain beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum
ownership limit of 9.99%). The conversion price is also
subject to adjustment due to certain events, including stock
dividends, stock splits and in connection with the issuance by the
Company of common stock or common stock equivalents at an
effective price per share lower than the conversion rate then in
effect. The May 2020 Notes will be subject to mandatory conversion
in the event of the completion of a future financing in the amount
of at least $15 million at a conversion price equal to the
lesser of (i) the conversion price in effect for the May 2020
Notes on the date of completion of such financing or (ii) 75% of
the lowest per share price at which common stock may be issued
in connection with any conversion rights associated with the
financing, in each case, subject to the beneficial ownership
limitations described above.
The May 2020 Notes each have a term of six months and mature
between October 20, 2020 and November 7, 2020, unless earlier
converted or repurchased. The May 2020 Notes accrue interest at a
rate of 10% per annum, subject to increase to 18% per annum upon
and during the occurrence of an event of default. Interest is
payable in cash or, at the holder’s option, in shares
of common stock based on the conversion price then in
effect. We may not prepay the May 2020 Notes without the prior
written consent of the applicable holder.
January 2020 Financing
On January 30, 2020, we entered into a securities purchase
agreement with one purchaser pursuant to which
we issued
convertible notes in an aggregate principal amount of $0.2
million (the “January 2020 Notes”).
The
January 2020 Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an
initial conversion price of $0.20 per share, subject to
certain beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum
ownership limit of 9.99%). The conversion price is also
subject to adjustment due to certain events, including stock
dividends, stock splits and in connection with the issuance by the
Company of common stock or common stock equivalents at an
effective price per share lower than the conversion rate then in
effect.
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The January 2020 Notes have a term of eight months and mature on
September 30, 2020, unless earlier converted or repurchased. The
January 2020 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 10% per annum,
subject to increase to 18% per annum upon and during the occurrence
of an event of default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the
holder’s option, in shares of common stock based on
the conversion price then in effect. We may not prepay the
January 2020 Notes without the prior written consent of the
holder.
The January 2020 Notes, together with the December 2020 / January
2021 Notes, the November 2020 Notes, September 2020 Notes, July
2020 Notes, the May 2020 Notes and the $0.2 million aggregate
principal amount of convertible notes issued in December 2019
(the “December 2019 Notes”) pursuant to a
securities purchase agreement, dated December 19, 2019,
between the Company and one purchaser, are referred to herein as
the “Bridge Notes.”
For additional information about our convertible notes and
debentures, see Note 2 to our unaudited financial
statements, Debt.
Forbearance Agreements
Effective as of June 23, 2020, we entered into Standstill and
Forbearance Agreements (as amended, collectively, the
“Forbearance Agreements”) with the holders of
approximately $13.2 million aggregate principal amount of our
outstanding convertible notes and
debentures
(including certain of the convertible notes issued pursuant to the
Bridge Financing) (collectively, the “Default Notes”),
which are currently in default. Pursuant to the Forbearance
Agreements, the holders of the Default Notes have agreed to forbear
from exercising their rights and remedies under the Default Notes
(including declaring such Default Notes (together with default
amounts and accrued and unpaid interest) immediately due and
payable) until the earlier of (i) the date that we complete a
future financing in the amount of at least $15 million and, in
connection therewith, commences listing on NASDAQ (collectively,
the “New Financing”) or (ii) February 15, 2021 (the
“Termination Date”).
Pursuant to the Forbearance Agreement, the holders of the Default
Notes have also agreed that the Default Notes (together with
default amounts and accrued and unpaid interest) will be converted
into common stock upon the
closing of a New Financing at a conversion price equal
to the lesser of (i) the conversion price in
effect for the Default Notes on the date of such New Financing or
(ii) 75% of the lowest per share price at which common stock is or may
be issued in connection with such New Financing, in each case,
subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum
ownership limit of 9.99%). Shares of our preferred
stock, which will be convertible into the Company’s
common
stock, will be issued in lieu of common stock to the
extent that conversion of the Default Notes is prohibited by such
beneficial ownership limitations.
For additional information regarding the terms of the Forbearance
Agreements, see "Indebtedness -
Forebearance Agreements" below.
Extensions of Certain Bridge Notes
Effective as of November 9, 2020, we entered into
extensions with the holders of approximately $1.2 million aggregate
principal amount of our outstanding convertible notes and
debentures to extend the maturity date thereof until the earlier of
(i) the date that we complete a future financing in the amount of
at least $15 million and, in connection therewith, commences
listing on NASDAQ (collectively, the “New Financing”)
or (ii) January 31, 2021 (the “Termination
Date”).
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As a
result of the Theorem Settlement Agreement, the Company has agreed
to issue each Claimant a convertible note in the following amounts
(the “Theorem
Settlement Notes”):
Theorem Group
$303,726.40
East Venture
$112,788.48
Kasower
$500,078.58
SV
Booth
$294,245.54
The
Theorem Settlement Agreement also contains certain representations
and warranties and covenants, including limitations on future
variable rate transactions and “at-the-market
offerings.”
Settlement Notes
The
Theorem Settlement Notes are convertible, at the option of the
applicable Claimant, at any time into shares of common stock at an
initial conversion rate of $0.20 per share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations. The conversion price is also
subject to adjustment due to certain events, including stock
dividends, stock splits and in connection with the issuance by the
Company of common stock or common stock equivalents at an effective
price per share lower than the conversion rate then in effect. By
way of an amendment to each Theorem Settlement Note, effective as
of January 31, 2021 (the “Theorem Note
Amendments”), the Theorem Settlement Notes maturity
date was extended to February 15, 2021. The Theorem Settlement
Notes bear interest at a rate of 10% per annum, subject to increase
to 18% per annum upon and during the occurrence of an event of
default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the holder’s
option, in shares of common stock based on the conversion price
then in effect. The Company may not prepay the Theorem Settlement
Notes without the prior written consent of the applicable
Claimant.
The
Theorem Settlement Notes contain a number of other affirmative and
negative covenants and events of default (including events of
default related to certain change of control and other fundamental
change transactions). Following an event of default, the Theorem
Settlement Notes will become immediately due and payable in cash at
a mandatory default amount equal to 130% of the outstanding
principal amount of the Theorem Settlement Notes plus all other
amounts, costs and expenses due in respect of the Theorem
Settlement Notes.
Alto B Settlement
Settlement Agreement
On
December 22, 2020, the Company entered into a settlement agreement
(the “Alto B
Settlement Agreement”) and, together with the Empery
Settlement Agreement and the Theorem Settlement Agreement, the
"Settlement Agreements" with Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC -
Segregated Master Portfolio B (“Alto B”), Anthony Cataldo
and Paul Kessler resolving all remaining disputes and claims
between the parties pertaining to a certain note (the
“Original Alto B
Note”) and warrants to purchase common stock, par
value $0.001 per share (together with the Alto B Original Note, the
“Alto B Original
Securities”), of the Company issued by the Company to
Alto B in January 2018.
As a
result of the Alto B Settlement Agreement, the Company has agreed
to pay Alto B a cash payment in the amount of $180,000. In
addition, pursuant to the Alto B Settlement Agreement, the Company
has agreed to issue Alto B, solely in exchange for the outstanding
Alto B Original Securities, (i) 960,000 shares of common stock of
the Company (the “Alto B Settlement
Shares”) and (ii) a senior convertible note in an
aggregate principal amount of $500,000 (the “Alto B Settlement Note”
and together with the Alto B Settlement Shares, the
“Alto B Settlement
Securities”). In connection with the exchange, the
Alto B Original Securities will be cancelled and
extinguished.
The
Alto B Settlement Agreement also contains certain representations
and warranties and covenants, including limitations on future
variable rate transactions and “at-the-market
offerings.”
Settlement Notes
The
Alto B Settlement Note (referred to herein collectively with the
Empery Settlement Notes and the Theorem Settlement Notes, as the
“Settlement
Notes”) is convertible, at the option of Alto B, at
any time into shares of common stock of the Company at an initial
conversion rate of $0.20 per share, subject to certain beneficial
ownership limitations. The conversion price is also subject to
adjustment due to certain events, including stock dividends, stock
splits and in connection with the issuance by the Company of common
stock or common stock equivalents at an effective price per share
lower than the conversion rate then in effect. By way of an
amendment to the Alto B Settlement Note, effective as of January
31, 2021 (the "Alto B Note Amendment"), the Alto B Settlement Note
maturity date was extended to February 15, 2021. The Alto B
Settlement Note bears interest at a rate of 10% per annum, subject
to increase to 18% per annum upon and during the occurrence of an
event of default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the
holder’s option, in shares of common stock based on the
conversion price then in effect.
Pursuant
to the terms of the Alto B Settlement Note, the Company is required
to make an offer to repurchase, at the option of Alto B, the Alto B
Settlement Note at price in cash equal to 100% of the aggregate
principal amount of the Alto B Settlement Note plus accrued and
unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the date of repurchase
following the consummation by the Company of a capital raising
transactions, or a series of transactions, resulting in aggregate
gross proceeds to the Company in excess of $7.5 million. The
Company may not prepay the Alto B Settlement Note without the prior
written consent of Alto B.
The
Alto B Settlement Note contains a number of other affirmative and
negative covenants and events of default (including events of
default related to certain change of control and other fundamental
change transactions). Following an event of default, the Alto B
Settlement Note will become immediately due and payable in cash at
a mandatory default amount equal to 130% of the outstanding
principal amount of the Alto B Settlement Note plus all other
amounts, costs and expenses due in respect of the Alto B Settlement
Note.
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Listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market
Our common stock is presently quoted on the OTCQB, one of the OTC
Markets Group over-the-counter markets, under the trading symbol
“GTBP.” In connection with this offering, we have
applied to list our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market
(“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “GTBP.” If our listing
application is approved, we expect to list our common stock upon
consummation of the offering, at which point our common stock will
cease to be traded on the OTCQB. No assurance can be given that our
listing application will be approved. This offering will occur only
if Nasdaq approves the listing of our common stock. Nasdaq listing
requirements include, among other things, a stock price threshold.
As a result, prior to effectiveness, we will need to take the
necessary steps to meet Nasdaq listing requirements, including but
not limited to a reverse split of our outstanding common stock. If
Nasdaq does not approve the listing of our common stock, we will
not proceed with this offering. There can be no assurance that our
common stock will be listed on the Nasdaq.
Reverse Stock Split
On January 14, 2021, our
stockholders approved an amendment to our restated certificate of
incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of our common stock
at a ratio to be determined by our Board prior to the effective
time of the amendment of not less than 1-for-5 and not more than
1-for-30. On February 5, 2021, our Board approved a reverse stock
split ratio of 1-for-17. The reverse stock split will not impact
the number of authorized shares of common stock, which will remain
at 750,000,000 shares. Unless otherwise noted, the share and per
share information in this prospectus reflects, other than in our
financial statements and the notes thereto, a reverse stock split
of the outstanding common stock and treasury stock of the Company
at a 1-for-17 ratio to occur
following the effective date, but prior to the closing of the
offering.
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Summary Risk Factors
Participating in this offering involves
substantial risk. Our ability to execute our strategy is also
subject to certain risks. You should carefully consider all of the
information set forth in this prospectus and, in particular, should
evaluate the specific factors set forth under the heading
“Risk
Factors” in deciding
whether to invest in our securities. These risks include, but are
not limited to, the following:
●
Our
business is at an early stage of development and we may not develop
therapeutic products that can be commercialized.
●
We
have a history of operating losses and we expect to continue to
incur losses for the foreseeable future. We may never generate
revenue or achieve profitability.
●
Our
independent auditor’s report for the years ended December 31,
2019 and 2018 is qualified as to our ability to continue as a going
concern.
●
We
will need additional capital to conduct our operations and develop
our products, and our ability to obtain the necessary funding is
uncertain.
●
Our
current and future indebtedness may impose significant operating
and financial restrictions on us and affect our ability to access
liquidity.
●
The
cost of our research and development programs may be significantly
higher than expected, and there is no assurance that they will
successful in a timely manner, or at all.
●
We
have identified material weaknesses in our internal controls over
financial reporting and have not yet remedied these weaknesses. If
we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over
financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our
financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, stockholders could
lose confidence in our financial and other public reporting, which
would harm our business and the trading price of our common
stock.
●
If
our efforts to protect the proprietary nature of the intellectual
property related to our technologies are not adequate, we may not
be able to compete effectively in our market and our business would
be harmed.
●
Claims
that we infringe the intellectual property rights of others may
prevent or delay our drug discovery and development
efforts.
●
We
may desire, or be forced, to seek additional licenses to use
intellectual property owned by third parties, and such licenses may
not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at
all.
●
If
we are unsuccessful in obtaining or maintaining patent protection
for intellectual property in development or licensed from third
parties, our business and competitive position would be
harmed.
●
If
we fail to meet our obligations under our license agreements, we
may lose our rights to key technologies on which our business
depends.
●
Our
reliance on the activities of our non-employee consultants,
research institutions and scientific contractors, whose activities
are not wholly within our control, may lead to delays in
development of our proposed products.
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●
Clinical
drug development is costly, time-consuming and uncertain, and we
may suffer setbacks in our clinical development program that could
harm our business.
●
If
we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients
in clinical trials, those clinical trials could take longer than
expected to complete and our receipt of necessary regulatory
approvals could be delayed or prevented.
●
Obtaining
regulatory approval, even after clinical trials that are believed
to be successful, is an uncertain process.
●
We
will continue to be subject to extensive FDA regulation following
any product approvals, and if we fail to comply with these
regulations, we may suffer a significant setback in our
business.
●
Many
of our business practices are subject to scrutiny and potential
investigation by regulatory and government enforcement authorities,
as well as to lawsuits brought by private citizens under federal
and state laws. We could become subject to investigations, and our
failure to comply with applicable law or an adverse decision in
lawsuits may result in adverse consequences to us. If we fail to
comply with U.S. healthcare laws, we could face substantial
penalties and financial exposure, and our business, operations and
financial condition could be adversely affected.
●
Our
product candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other
properties that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval,
limit the commercial profile of an approved label, or result in
significant negative consequences following marketing approval, if
any.
●
We
may expend our limited resources to pursue a particular product
candidate or indication that does not produce any commercially
viable products and may fail to capitalize on product candidates or
indications that may be more profitable or for which there is a
greater likelihood of success.
●
Our
products may be expensive to manufacture, and they may not be
profitable if we are unable to control the costs to manufacture
them.
●
We
currently lack manufacturing capabilities to produce our
therapeutic product candidates at commercial-scale quantities and
do not have an alternate manufacturing supply, which would
negatively impact our ability to meet any demand for the
product.
●
Our
business is based on novel technologies that are inherently
expensive and risky and may not be understood by or accepted in the
marketplace, which could adversely affect our future
value.
●
We
could be subject to product liability lawsuits based on the use of
our product candidates in clinical testing or, if obtained,
following marketing approval and commercialization. If product
liability lawsuits are brought against us, we may incur substantial
liabilities and may be required to cease clinical testing or limit
commercialization of our product candidates.
●
We
rely on third parties to supply candidates for clinical testing and
to conduct preclinical and clinical trials of our product
candidates. If these third parties do not successfully carry out
their contractual duties or meet expected deadlines, we may not be
able to obtain regulatory approval for or commercialize our product
candidates. As a result, our business could be substantially
harmed.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 9350 Wilshire Blvd.
Suite 203, Beverly Hills, CA 90212, and our telephone number is
(800) 304¬9888. We maintain a website at www.gtbiopharma.com.
Information contained on or accessible through our website is not,
and should not be considered, part of, or incorporated by reference
into, this prospectus.
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11
The Offering
|
Units
offered by us
|
2,642,008 Units, each consisting of (i) one share
of common stock and (ii) one Common Warrant to
purchase one share of common stock. The
Units will not be certificated, and the share of common stock and
Common Warrant comprising each Unit are immediately separable and
will be issued separately in this offering.
This
prospectus also relates to the offering of shares of common stock
issuable upon the exercise of the Common Warrants included in the
Units.
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Pre-Funded
Units offered by us
|
We
are also offering to those purchasers whose purchase of Units in
this offering would result in the purchaser, together with its
affiliates and certain related parties, beneficially owning more
than 4.99% (or, at the election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our
outstanding common stock immediately following the consummation of
this offering, the opportunity to purchase, in lieu of Units that
would otherwise result in ownership in excess of 4.99% (or, at the
election of the purchaser, 9.99%) of our outstanding common
stock,
Pre-Funded Units. The purchase price of each Pre-Funded Unit will
equal the public offering price at which the Units are being sold
to the public in this offering, minus $0.001, and the exercise
price of each Pre-Funded Warrant included in each Pre-Funded Unit
will be $0.001 per Common Share.
Each Pre-Funded Unit will consist of (i) one
Pre-Funded Warrant to purchase one share of common stock and (ii)
one Common Warrant to purchase one share of common stock. The
Pre-Funded Units will not be certificated and the Pre-Funded
Warrants and the Common Warrants comprising each Pre-Funded Unit
are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this
offering.
This
prospectus also relates to the offering of shares of common stock
issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common
Warrants included in the Pre-Funded Units.
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Common
Warrants offered by us
|
Each Common Warrant will have an exercise price
equal to the public offering price of the Units, will be
exercisable at any time after the date of issuance and will expire
on the fifth anniversary of the
date of issuance. To better understand the terms of the Common
Warrants, you should carefully read the “Description of
Securities We are Offering” section of this
prospectus.
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Pre-Funded
Warrants offered by us
|
Each
Pre-Funded Warrant will have an exercise price of $0.001 per share
of common stock and will be exercisable any time after the date of
issuance and may be exercised at any time until exercised in full.
To better understand the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrants, you
should carefully read the “Description of Securities We are
Offering” section of this prospectus.
|
|
Offering
Price
|
The offering price is $
per
Unit and $
per
Pre-Funded Unit.
|
12
|
Total
shares of common stock outstanding immediately after this
offering
|
18,979,964
shares of common stock, assuming that the number of Units offered
by this prospectus is sold in this offering and no sale of any
Pre-Funded Units and assuming none of the Common Warrants, the
over-allotment options granted to the underwriters or the
Underwriter Warrants (as defined below) issued in this offering are
exercised.
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Over-Allotment
Option
|
Pursuant
to the underwriting agreement, we granted to the underwriters an
option, exercisable within 45 days after the closing of this
offering to acquire up to an additional 15% of the total Units to
be offered, solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if
any, which may be exercised for shares of common stock, warrants or
both at the election of the underwriters.
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Use of
Proceeds
|
We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering
for general corporate purposes, which includes among other
purposes, the funding and expansion of our ongoing clinical trials
and the continued development of our pipeline of candidate
products. See “Use of
Proceeds.”
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Existing
Trading Market
|
Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTCQB,
one of the OTC Markets Group over-the-counter markets, under the
trading symbol “GTBP.” In connection with this
offering, we have applied to have our shares of common stock listed
for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol
“GTBP. ”We do not
intend to list the Common Warrants or the Pre-Funded Warrants on
any securities exchange or nationally recognized trading
system.
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Reverse
Stock Split
|
On January 14,
2021 our stockholders
approved an amendment to our restated certificate of incorporation
to effect a reverse stock split of our common stock at a ratio to
be determined by our Board prior to the effective time of the
amendment of not less than 1-for-5 and not more than 1-for-30. On
February 5, 2021, our Board approved a reverse stock split ratio of
1-for 17. Unless otherwise stated and other than in our financial
statements and the notes thereto, all share and per share
information in this prospectus reflects an approved reverse stock
split of the outstanding common stock and treasury stock of the
Company at a 1-for-17 ratio to
occur following the effective date but prior to the closing of the
offering.
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|
Risk
Factors
|
Investing in our securities involves a high degree
of risk. You should carefully review and consider
“Risk
Factors” beginning on
page 17 of this prospectus and any risks described in any
accompanying prospectus supplement.
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Dividend
Policy
|
We
have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock.
We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable
future.
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13
|
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|
Assumptions Used Throughout This Prospectus
Unless otherwise stated in this prospectus, the number of shares of
our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on
85,012,832 shares of our common stock outstanding as of December
31, 2020, as adjusted to give effect to the following:
●
The approved
reverse stock split of the outstanding shares of common stock of
the Company at a 1-for-17 ratio to occur following the effective
date but prior to the closing of this offering.
●
The conversion of
the approximately $30.0 million of certain convertible notes (plus
approximately $4.9 million in accrued and unpaid interest) into
approximately 10.2 million shares of our common stock immediately
prior to the completion of this offering (based on the assumed
public offering price of $7.57 per Unit). The number of shares of
our common stock actually issued upon the conversion of our
outstanding convertible notes depends on the actual public offering
price of our Units in this offering. Such convertible notes are
subject mandatory conversion in the event of the completion of a
specified financing (for which we expect this offering to qualify)
at a conversion price equal to the lesser of (i) the
conversion price in effect on the date of such financing
(currently, $0.20 per share) or (ii) 75% of the lowest per
share price at which common stock is or may be issued in connection
with such financing, in each case, subject to certain beneficial
ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership limit of 9.99%). In
the event the actual initial public offering price is lower than
$3.40 per share, such convertible notes will convert into a larger
number of shares of common stock. A $0.25 decrease in the public
offering price below $3.40 would increase by 813,393, the number of
shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of such convertible
notes.
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14
●
The conversion of 2,353,548 shares of
Series J-1 Preferred Stock into 692,000 shares of our common stock
immediately prior to the completion of this offering (based on the
assumed public offering price of $7.57 per Unit). The number of shares of our common
stock actually issued upon the conversion of our outstanding Series
J-1 Preferred Stock depends on the actual public offering price of
our Units in this offering. Pursuant to the
Forbearance Agreement, the Series J-1 Preferred Stock will be
converted into common stock upon the closing of a New Financing (of
which we expect this offering to qualify) at a conversion price
equal to the lesser of (i) the conversion price in effect for the
Default Notes on the date of such New Financing or (ii) 75% of the
lowest per share price at which common stock is or may be issued in
connection with such New Financing, in each case, subject to
certain beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership
limit of 9.99%). In the event
the actual initial public offering price is lower than $3.40 per
share, the Series J-1 Preferred Stock will convert into a larger
number of shares of common stock. A $0.25 decrease in the public
offering price below $3.40 would increase by
55,000, the number of shares of common stock issuable upon
conversion of the Series J-1 Preferred Stock.
Unless otherwise stated in this prospectus, the number of shares of
our common stock to be outstanding after this offering excludes the
following other securities that may be issuable in the
future:
●
221,000
shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding
warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $3.40 per
share;
●
any
shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants
(other than Pre-Funded Warrants) to be issued in this
offering;
●
2 shares of common stock issuable upon the
exercise of outstanding stock options;
●
5 shares of common stock reserved for future
issuance under our 2014 Stock Incentive Plan;
●
2,642,008 shares of
common stock issuable upon the exercise of Common Warrants to be
issued to investors in this offering;
●
11.4 shares of common stock issuable upon
conversion of outstanding convertible notes and debentures at a
conversion price of $3.40 per
share that by their terms are not mandatorily converted upon
completion of this offering; and
●
132,000
shares of common stock, equal to 5% of the aggregate number of
Units sold pursuant to this offering (the “Underwriter
Warrants”).
Except
as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assume
that the assumed public offering price is $7.57 per Unit, which is
the last reported sale price of our shares of common stock on the
OTCQB on February 5, 2021 after giving effect to the planned
1-for-17 reverse stock split described above and assumes the
immediate exercise in full of any Pre-Funded Warrants sold in this
offering.
15
Summary Financial Information
The tables and information below are derived from the
Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements as of
September 30, 2020, and for the nine months ended September 30,
2020 and 2019, and also as of December 31, 2019.
|
Balance Sheet
Summary (in thousands)
|
September 30,
2020
|
December 31,
2019
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$350
|
$28
|
|
Total
assets
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$917
|
$396
|
|
Total
current liabilities
|
$30,694
|
$19,706
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|
Total
(deficit) equity
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$(29,777)
|
$(19,310)
|
|
Statement of Operations Summary (in thousands except per share
data)
|
September 30,
2020
|
September 30,
2019
|
|
Revenue
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$-
|
$-
|
|
Selling,
general and administrative expenses
|
$4,321
|
$8,932
|
|
Research
and development
|
$252
|
$1,659
|
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Loss
from operations
|
$(4,573)
|
$(15,190)
|
|
Net
loss
|
$(13,363)
|
$(31,177)
|
|
Net
loss per share – basic and diluted
|
$(0.18)
|
$(0.69)
|
The tables and information below are derived from the
Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the
years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.
|
Balance Sheet
Summary (in thousands)
|
December 31,
2019
|
December 31,
2018
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$28
|
$60
|
|
Total
assets
|
$396
|
$25,399
|
|
Total
current liabilities
|
$19,706
|
$14,029
|
|
Total
(deficit) equity
|
$(19,310)
|
$11,370
|
|
Statement of Operations Summary (in thousands except per share
data)
|
December 31,
2019
|
December 31,
2018
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
$— —
|
$— —
|
|
Selling,
general and administrative expenses
|
$9,790
|
$12,487
|
|
Research
and development
|
$1,667
|
$9,067
|
|
Loss
from operations
|
$(16,056)
|
$(250,069)
|
|
Net
loss
|
$(38,674)
|
$(259,186)
|
|
Net
loss per share – basic and diluted
|
$(0.67)
|
$(5.16)
|
16
RISK FACTORS
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You
should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described
below in addition to the other information contained in this
prospectus and any prospectus supplement before deciding whether to
invest in shares of our common
stock. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial
condition or operating results could be harmed. In that case, the
trading price of our common
stock could decline and you may lose part or all of your investment. In the opinion of
management, the risks discussed below represent the material risks
known to us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known
to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our
business, financial condition and operating results and adversely
affect the market price of our common stock.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our business is at an early stage of
development and we may not develop therapeutic products that can be
commercialized.
Our business is at an early stage of development. We do not have
immune-oncology products in
late stage clinical trials. We are still in the early stages of
identifying and conducting research on potential therapeutic
products. Our potential
therapeutic products will
require significant research and development and pre-clinical and
clinical testing prior to regulatory approval in the United States
and other countries. We may not be able to obtain regulatory
approvals, enter clinical trials for any of our product candidates or commercialize any
products. Our product candidates may prove to have undesirable
and unintended side effects or other characteristics adversely
affecting their safety, efficacy or cost effectiveness that could
prevent or limit their use. Any product using any of our technology may fail to
provide the intended therapeutic benefits or achieve therapeutic
benefits equal to or better than the standard of treatment at the
time of testing or production.
We have a history of operating losses and we expect to continue to
incur losses for the foreseeable future and we may never generate
revenue or achieve profitability.
As of September 30, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of
approximately $581 million. We have not generated any significant
revenue to date, are not profitable and have incurred losses in
each year since our inception. We do not expect to generate
any product sales or royalty
revenues for at least four years. We expect to incur significant
additional operating losses for the foreseeable future as we expand
research and development and clinical trial
efforts.
Our ability to achieve long-term profitability is dependent upon
obtaining regulatory approvals for our products and successfully commercializing
our products alone or with
third parties, of which there can be no assurances. However, our
operations may not be profitable even if any of our
products under development are
successfully developed and produced and thereafter commercialized.
Even if we achieve profitability in the future, we may not be able
to sustain profitability in subsequent periods.
Even if we succeed in commercializing one or more of our
product candidates, we expect to
continue to incur substantial research and development and other
expenditures to develop and market additional product candidates. The size of our future net
losses will depend, in part, on the rate of future growth of our
expenses and our ability to generate revenue. Our prior losses and
expected future losses have had and will continue to have an
adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working
capital.
Our independent auditor’s report for the years ended December
31, 2019 and 2018 is qualified as to our ability to continue as a
going concern.
Due to the uncertainty of our ability to meet our current operating
and capital expenses, in our audited consolidated financial
statements for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, our
independent auditors included a note to the consolidated financial statements
regarding our ability to continue as a going concern. Recurring
losses from operations and the dependence upon our ability to meet
future financing needs and succeed in our future operations in
order to realize a major portion of our assets have raised a
substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.
The presence of the going concern note to our consolidated financial statements may
have an adverse impact on the relationships we are developing and
plan to develop with third parties as we continue the
commercialization of our products. It could make it challenging and
difficult for us to raise additional financing, all of which could have a material adverse impact
on our business and prospects.
17
We will need additional capital to
conduct our operations and develop our products, and our ability to obtain the necessary
funding is uncertain.
We have used a significant amount of cash since inception to
finance the continued development and testing of our
product candidates, and we expect to
need substantial additional capital resources in order to develop
our product candidates going
forward and to launch and commercialize any product candidates for which we receive regulatory
approval.
We may not be successful in generating and/or maintaining operating
cash flow, and the timing of our capital expenditures and other
expenditures may not result in cash sufficient to sustain our
operations through the next 12 months. If financing is not
sufficient and additional financing is not available, or available
only on terms that are detrimental to our long-term survival, it
could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as
a going concern. The timing and degree of any future capital
requirements will depend on many factors, including:
●
the accuracy of the
assumptions underlying our estimates for capital needs in 2020 and
beyond;
●
scientific and
clinical progress in our research and development
programs;
●
the magnitude and
scope of our research and development programs and our ability to
establish, enforce and maintain strategic arrangements for
research, development, clinical testing, manufacturing and
marketing;
●
our progress with
pre-clinical development and clinical trials;
●
the time and costs
involved in obtaining regulatory approvals;
●
the costs involved
in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending and
enforcing patent claims; and
●
the number and type
of product candidates that we pursue.
Additional financing through strategic collaborations, public or
private equity or debt financings or other financing sources may
not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. The completion of financings involving the
issuance of additional common
stock or other securities convertible into, or exchangeable
for, common stock (such
as warrants or additional
convertible notes) could also
result in significant dilution to our
stockholders.
Further, if we obtain additional funds through arrangements with
collaborative partners, these arrangements may require us to
relinquish rights to some of our technologies, product candidates or products that we would otherwise seek to develop
and commercialize on our own.
If sufficient capital is not available, we may be required to
delay, reduce the scope of or eliminate one or more of our research
or product development
initiatives, any of which could have a material adverse effect on
our financial condition or business prospects.
Our current and future indebtedness may impose significant
operating and financial restrictions on us and affect our ability
to access liquidity.
As of the date of this prospectus, after giving effect to (i) the
issuance of the July 2020 Notes and the May 2020 Notes and (ii) the
issuance of the Settlement Notes pursuant to the Settlement
Agreement, we had approximately $23.3 million aggregate principal
amount of convertible notes
and debentures outstanding, a
portion of which are secured by a first priority security interest
in substantially all of the
assets of the Company and its subsidiaries. Our existing
convertible notes and
debentures do, and any future
instruments governing our indebtedness may, contain a number of
restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and
financial restrictions on us. For example, our existing
convertible notes and
debentures include restrictions on our
ability to, among other things:
●
incur
additional indebtedness;
●
place
liens on our or our subsidiaries’ assets;
●
repurchase shares of our common stock or repay existing
indebtedness;
●
pay
cash dividends or distributions on our equity
securities;
●
engage
in certain fundamental change transactions; and
●
engage
in transactions with affiliates.
18
A failure by us or our subsidiaries to comply with the covenants
and restrictions contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness could result
in an event of default under such indebtedness, which could
adversely affect our ability to respond to changes in our business
and manage our operations. Upon the occurrence of an event of
default under any of the agreements governing our indebtedness, the holders
could elect to declare all
amounts outstanding to be due and payable and exercise other
remedies as set forth in the agreements. Further, an event of default or
acceleration of indebtedness under one instrument may constitute an
event of default—or cross-default—under another
instrument. For example, in June 2020, we entered into the
Forbearance Agreements with holders of the Default Notes pursuant
to which such holders have agreed forbear from exercising
their rights and remedies under the Default
Notes (including declaring
such Default Notes (together with default amounts and accrued and
unpaid interest) immediately due and payable) for a specified
period of time.
If any of our indebtedness (including the Default Notes) were to be
accelerated, there can be no assurance that our assets would be
sufficient to repay this indebtedness in full, which could have a
material adverse effect on our ability to continue to operate as a
going concern.
The cost of our research and
development programs may be significantly higher than expected and
there is no assurance that they will successful in a timely manner,
or at all.
Our currently projected expenditures for 2021 include approximately
$12 million to $15 million for research and development. The actual
cost of our programs could differ significantly from our current
projections if we change our planned development process. In the
event that actual costs of our clinical program, or any of our
other ongoing research activities, are significantly higher than
our current estimates, we may be required to significantly modify
our planned level of operations.
The successful development of any product candidate is highly uncertain. It is
difficult to reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing and
costs of the efforts necessary to complete the development of, or
the period in which material net cash inflows are expected to
commence from any product
candidate, due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated
with developing and commercializing drugs. Any failure to complete
any stage of the development of products in a timely manner could have a material
adverse effect on our operations, financial position and
liquidity.
We have identified material weaknesses
in our internal controls over financial reporting and have not yet
remedied these weaknesses. If we fail to maintain an effective
system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be
able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.
As a result, stockholders could lose confidence in our financial
and other public reporting, which would harm our business and the
trading price of our common
stock.
Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary
for us to provide reliable financial reports and, together with
adequate disclosure controls and procedures, are designed to
prevent fraud. Any failure to implement required new or improved
controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation,
could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations.
Ineffective internal control could also cause investors to lose
confidence in our reported financial information, which could have
a negative effect on the trading price of our common stock.
We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over
financial reporting as a company. As defined in Regulation 12b-2 under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange
Act”), a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or
combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial
reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a
material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated
financial statements will not be prevented, or detected on a timely
basis. Specifically, we determined that we had the following
material weaknesses in our internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2019: (i) inadequate segregation of
duties; (ii) risks of executive override; and (iii) insufficient
written policies and procedures for accounting and financial
reporting with respect to the requirements and application of both
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of
America (“GAAP”) and SEC
regulations.
19
As of the date of this prospectus, we have not remediated these
material weaknesses. We are taking steps, and intend to take
additional steps, to mitigate the issues identified and implement a
functional system of internal controls over financial reporting.
Such measures will include, but not be limited to: (i) hiring of
additional employees in our finance and accounting department,
although the timing of such hires is largely dependent on our
securing additional financing to cover such costs; (ii) preparation
of risk-control matrices to identify key risks and develop and
document policies to mitigate those risks; (iii) and identification
and documentation of standard operating procedures for key
financial and SEC reporting activities. The implementation of these
initiatives may not fully address any material weakness or other
deficiencies that we may have in our internal control over
financial reporting.
Even if we develop effective internal controls over financial
reporting, such controls may become inadequate due to changes in
conditions, or the degree of compliance with such policies or
procedures may deteriorate, which could result in the discovery of
additional material weaknesses and deficiencies. In any event, the
process of determining whether our existing internal control over
financial reporting is compliant with Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“Section 404”) and sufficiently
effective requires the investment of substantial time and
resources, including by certain members of our senior management.
As a result, this process may divert internal resources and take a
significant amount of time and effort to complete. In addition, we
cannot predict the outcome of this process and whether we will need
to implement remedial actions in order to establish effective
controls over financial reporting. The determination of whether or
not our internal controls are sufficient and any remedial actions
required could result in us incurring additional costs that we did
not anticipate, including the hiring of outside consultants. We may
also fail to timely complete our evaluation, testing and any
remediation required to comply with Section 404.
We are required, pursuant to Section 404, to furnish a report by
management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our
internal control over financial reporting. However, for as long as
we are a “smaller reporting company,” our independent registered public
accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness
of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to
Section 404. While we could be a smaller reporting
company for an indefinite amount of
time, and thus relieved of the above-mentioned attestation
requirement, an independent assessment of the effectiveness of our
internal control over financial reporting could detect problems
that our management’s assessment might not. Such undetected
material weaknesses in our internal control over financial
reporting could lead to financial statement restatements and
require us to incur the expense of remediation.
If our efforts to protect the proprietary nature of the
intellectual property related to our technologies are not adequate,
we may not be able to compete effectively in our market and our
business would be harmed.
We rely upon a combination of patents, trade secret protection and
confidentiality agreements to
protect the intellectual property related to our technologies. Any
disclosure to, or misappropriation by, third parties of our trade
secret or other confidential information could enable competitors
to quickly duplicate or surpass our technological achievements,
thus eroding any competitive advantage we may derive from this
intellectual property.
The strength of patents in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical
field involves complex legal and scientific questions and can be
uncertain. The patent applications we own or license may fail to
result in issued patents in the United States or in foreign
countries. Third parties may challenge the validity, enforceability
or scope of any issued patents we own or license or any
applications that may issue as patents in the future, which may
result in those patents being narrowed, invalidated or held
unenforceable. Even if they are unchallenged, our patents and
patent applications may not adequately protect our intellectual
property or prevent others from developing similar
products that do not fall within the
scope of our patents. If the breadth or strength of protection
provided by the patents we hold or pursue is threatened, our
ability to commercialize any product candidates with technology protected by
those patents could be threatened. Further, if we encounter delays
in our clinical trials, the period of time during which we would
have patent protection for any covered product candidates that obtain regulatory approval
would be reduced.
20
In addition to the protection afforded by patents, we seek to rely
on trade secret protection and confidentiality agreements to protect proprietary know-how that is
not patentable, processes for which patents are difficult to
enforce and any other elements of our discovery platform and drug
development processes that involve proprietary know-how,
information or technology that is not covered by patents or not
amenable to patent protection. Although we require
all of our employees and certain
consultants and advisors to enter into intellectual property
assignment agreements,
and all of our employees,
consultants, advisors and any third parties who have access to our
proprietary know-how, information or technology to enter into
confidentiality agreements, our
trade secrets and other proprietary information may be disclosed or
competitors may otherwise gain access to such information or
independently develop substantially equivalent information.
Further, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect
proprietary rights to the same extent or in the same manner as the
laws of the United States. As a result, we may encounter
significant difficulty in protecting and defending our intellectual
property both in the United States and abroad. If we are unable to
prevent material disclosure of the trade secret intellectual
property related to our technologies to third parties, we may not
be able to establish or maintain the competitive advantage that we
believe is provided by such intellectual property, which could
materially adversely affect our market position and business and
operational results.
Claims that we infringe the intellectual property rights of others
may prevent or delay our drug discovery and development
efforts.
Our research, development and commercialization activities, as well
as any product candidates
or products resulting from
those activities, may infringe or be accused of infringing a patent
or other form of intellectual property under which we do not hold a
license or other rights. Third parties may assert that we are
employing their proprietary technology without authorization. There
may be third-party patents of which we are currently unaware, with
claims that cover the use or manufacture of our product candidates or the practice of our related
methods. Because patent applications can take many years to issue
and remain confidential for a period of time after filing, there
may be currently pending patent applications that may later result
in issued patents that our product candidates may infringe. In addition,
third parties may obtain patents in the future and claim that use
of our technologies infringes one or more claims of these patents.
If our activities or product
candidates infringe the patents or other intellectual property
rights of third parties, the holders of such intellectual property
rights may be able to block our ability to commercialize
such product candidates or
practice our methods unless we obtain a license under the
intellectual property rights or until any applicable patents expire
or are determined to be invalid or
unenforceable.
Defense of any intellectual property infringement claims against
us, regardless of their merit, would involve substantial litigation
expense and would be a significant diversion of employee resources
from our business. In the event of a successful claim of
infringement against us, we may have to pay substantial damages,
obtain one or more licenses from third parties, limit our business
to avoid the infringing activities, pay royalties and/or redesign
our infringing product
candidates or methods, any or all of which may be impossible or require
substantial time and monetary expenditure. Further, if we were to
seek a license from the third party holder of any applicable
intellectual property rights, we may not be able to obtain the
applicable license rights when needed or on commercially reasonable
terms, or at all. The
occurrence of any of the above events could prevent us from
continuing to develop and commercialize one or more of our
product candidates and our business
could materially suffer.
We may desire, or be forced, to seek
additional licenses to use intellectual property owned by third
parties, and such licenses may not be available on commercially
reasonable terms, or at all.
A third party may hold intellectual property, including patent
rights, that are important or necessary to the development of
our product candidates, in
which case we would need to obtain a license from that third party
or develop a different formulation of the product that does not infringe upon the applicable
intellectual property, which may not be possible. Additionally, we
may identify product candidates
that we believe are promising and whose development and other
intellectual property rights are held by third parties. In such a
case, we may desire to seek a license to pursue the development of
those product candidates. Any
license that we may desire to obtain or that we may be forced to
pursue may not be available when needed on commercially reasonable
terms, or at all. Any inability
to secure a license that we need or desire could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and
prospects.
21
The patent protection covering some of
our product candidates may be
dependent on third parties, who may not effectively maintain that
protection.
While we expect that we will generally seek to gain the right to
fully prosecute any patents covering product candidates we may in-license from
third-party owners, there may be instances when platform technology
patents that cover our product
candidates remain controlled by our licensors. If any of our
current or future licensing partners that retain the right to
prosecute patents covering the product candidates we license from them fail to
appropriately maintain that patent protection, we may not be able
to prevent competitors from developing and selling competing
products or practicing competing
methods and our ability to generate revenue from any
commercialization of the affected product candidates may suffer.
We may be involved in lawsuits to protect or enforce our patents or
the patents of our licensors, which could be expensive,
time-consuming and unsuccessful.
Competitors may infringe our patents or the patents of our current
or potential licensors. To attempt to stop infringement or
unauthorized use, we may need to enforce one or more of our
patents, which can be expensive and time-consuming and distract
management. If we pursue any litigation, a court may decide that a
patent of ours or our licensor's is not valid or is unenforceable,
or may refuse to stop the other party from using the relevant
technology on the grounds that our patents do not cover the
technology in question. Further, the legal systems of certain
countries, particularly certain developing countries, do not favor
the enforcement of patents, which could reduce the likelihood of
success of any infringement proceeding we pursue in any such
jurisdiction. An adverse result in any infringement litigation or
defense proceedings could put one or more of our patents at risk of
being invalidated, held unenforceable or interpreted narrowly and
could put our patent applications at risk of not issuing, which
could limit our ability to exclude competitors from directly
competing with us in the applicable jurisdictions.
Interference proceedings provoked by third parties or brought by
the U.S. PTO may be necessary to determine the priority of
inventions with respect to our patents or patent applications or
those of our licensors. An unfavorable outcome could require us to
cease using the related technology or to attempt to license rights
to use it from the prevailing party. Our business could be harmed
if the prevailing party does not offer us a license on commercially
reasonable terms, or at all.
Litigation or interference proceedings may fail and, even if
successful, may result in substantial costs and distract our
management and other employees.
If we are unsuccessful in obtaining or maintaining patent
protection for intellectual property in development, our business
and competitive position would be harmed.
We are seeking patent protection for some of our technology
and product candidates. Patent
prosecution is a challenging process and is not assured of success.
If we are unable to secure patent protection for our technology
and product candidates, our
business may be adversely impacted.
In addition, issued patents and pending international applications
require regular maintenance. Failure to maintain our portfolio may
result in loss of rights that may adversely impact our intellectual
property rights, for example by rendering issued patents
unenforceable or by prematurely terminating pending international
applications.
22
If we are unable to protect the confidentiality of our trade
secrets, our business and competitive position would be
harmed.
In addition to seeking patents for some of our technology
and product candidates, we also
rely on trade secrets, including unpatented know-how, technology
and other proprietary information, to maintain our competitive
position. We currently, and expect in the future to continue to,
seek to protect these trade secrets, in part, by entering into
confidentiality agreements with
parties who have access to them, such as our employees,
consultants, advisors and other third parties. We also
require all of our employees
and certain consultants and advisors to enter into intellectual
property assignment agreements.
Despite these efforts, any of these parties may breach the
agreements and disclose our
proprietary information, including our trade secrets, and we may
not be able to obtain adequate remedies for any such disclosure.
Enforcing a claim that a party illegally disclosed or
misappropriated a trade secret is difficult, expensive and
time-consuming, and the outcome is unpredictable. In addition, some
courts inside and outside the United States are less willing or
unwilling to protect trade secrets. If any of our trade secrets
were to be lawfully obtained or independently developed by a
competitor, we would have no right to prevent them, or those to
whom they disclose the trade secrets, from using that technology or
information to compete with us. If any of our trade secrets were to
be disclosed to or independently developed by a competitor, our
competitive position would be harmed.
If we fail to meet our obligations
under our license agreements,
we may lose our rights to key technologies on which our business
depends.
Our business depends in part on licenses from third parties. These
third-party license agreements
impose obligations on us, such as payment obligations and
obligations to diligently pursue development of commercial
products under the licensed patents.
If a licensor believes that we have failed to meet our obligations
under a license agreement, the
licensor could seek to limit or terminate our license rights, which
could lead to costly and time-consuming litigation and,
potentially, a loss of the licensed rights. During the period of
any such litigation, our ability to carry out the development and
commercialization of potential products could be significantly and negatively
affected. If our license rights were restricted or ultimately lost,
our ability to continue our business based on the affected
technology platform could be severely adversely
affected.
We will have to hire additional executive officers and employees to
operate our business. If we are unable to hire qualified personnel,
we may not be able to implement our business strategy.
We currently have only two full-time employees. The loss of the
services of any one of our employees could delay our
product development programs and our
research and development efforts. We do not maintain key person
life insurance on any of our officers, employees, consultants or
advisors. In order to develop our business in accordance with our
business strategy, we will have to hire additional qualified
personnel, including in the areas of manufacturing, clinical trials
management, regulatory affairs, finance and business development.
We will need to raise sufficient funds to hire the necessary
employees and have commenced our search for additional key
employees.
Moreover, there is intense competition for a limited number of
qualified personnel among biopharmaceutical, biotechnology,
pharmaceutical and other businesses. Many of the other
pharmaceutical companies
against which we compete for qualified personnel have greater
financial and other resources, different risk profiles, longer
histories in the industry and greater ability to provide valuable
cash or stock incentives to potential recruits than we do. They
also may provide more diverse opportunities and better chances for
career advancement. Some of these characteristics may be more
appealing to high quality candidates than what we are able to offer
as an early-stage company. If
we are unable to continue to attract and retain high quality
personnel, the rate and success at which we can develop and
commercialize product
candidates will be limited.
We depend on key personnel for our continued operations and future
success, and a loss of certain key personnel could significantly
hinder our ability to move forward with our business
plan.
Because of the specialized nature of our business, we are highly
dependent on our ability to identify, hire, train and retain highly
qualified scientific and technical personnel for the research and
development activities we conduct or sponsor. The loss of one or
more key executive officers, or scientific officers, would be
significantly detrimental to us. In addition, recruiting and
retaining qualified scientific personnel to perform research and
development work is critical to our success. Our anticipated growth
and expansion into areas and activities requiring additional
expertise, such as clinical testing, regulatory compliance,
manufacturing and marketing, will require the addition of new
management personnel and the development of additional expertise by
existing management personnel. There is intense competition for
qualified personnel in the areas of our present and planned
activities. Accordingly, we may not be able to continue to attract
and retain the qualified personnel, which would adversely affect
the development of our business.
23
We may be subject to claims by third parties asserting that our
employees or we have misappropriated their intellectual property,
or claiming ownership of what we regard as our own intellectual
property.
Many of our employees, consultants and advisors were previously
employed at universities or other biotechnology or
pharmaceutical companies,
including our competitors or potential competitors. Although we try
to ensure that our employees, consultants and advisors do not use
the proprietary information or know-how of others in their work for
us, with contractual provisions and other procedures, we may be
subject to claims that these employees, consultants or advisors
have used or disclosed intellectual property, including trade
secrets or other proprietary information, of any such
employee’s, consultant’s or advisor’s former
employers. Litigation may be necessary to defend against any such
claims.
In addition, while it is our policy to require our employees,
consultants and advisors who may be involved in the development of
intellectual property to execute agreements assigning such intellectual property to
us, we may be unsuccessful in executing such an agreement with each party who in fact contributes
to the development of intellectual property that we regard as our
own. Further, the terms of such assignment agreements may be breached and we may not be able
to successfully enforce their terms, which may force us to bring
claims against third parties, or defend claims they may bring
against us, to determine the ownership of intellectual property
rights we may regard and treat as our own.
Our employees, consultants and advisors may engage in misconduct or
other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory
standards and requirements, which could cause our business to
suffer.
We are exposed to the risk of fraud or other misconduct by our
employees, consultants or advisors. Misconduct by employees,
consultants or advisors could include intentional failures to
comply with regulations of governmental authorities, such as the
FDA or the European Medicines Agency (the “EMA”), to
provide accurate information to the FDA or EMA, to comply with
manufacturing standards we have established, to comply with
federal, state and international healthcare fraud and abuse laws
and regulations as they may become applicable to our operations, to
report financial information or data accurately or to disclose
unauthorized activities to us. Such misconduct could also involve
the improper use of information obtained in the course of clinical
trials, which could result in regulatory sanctions and serious harm
to our reputation. It is not always possible to identify and deter
such misconduct, and the precautions we currently take and the
procedures we may establish in the future as our operations and
employee base expand to detect and prevent this type of activity
may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or
losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or
other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure by our employees,
consultants or advisors to comply with such laws or regulations. If
any such actions are instituted against us, and we are not
successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those
actions could have a significant impact on our business and results
of operations, including the imposition of significant fines or
other sanctions.
Our reliance on the activities of our
non-employee consultants, research institutions and scientific
contractors, whose activities are not wholly within our control,
may lead to delays in development of our proposed
products.
We rely extensively upon and have relationships with scientific
consultants at academic and other institutions, some of whom
conduct research at our request, and other consultants with
expertise in clinical development strategy or other matters. These
consultants are not our employees and may have commitments to, or
consulting or advisory contracts with, other entities that may
limit their availability to us. We have limited control over the
activities of these consultants and, except as otherwise required
by our collaboration and consulting agreements to the extent they exist,
can expect only limited amounts of their time to be dedicated to
our activities. These research facilities may have commitments to
other commercial and non-commercial entities. We have limited
control over the operations of these laboratories and can expect
only limited amounts of time to be dedicated to our research
goals.
24
It may take longer to complete our
clinical trials than we project, or we may not be able to complete
them at all.
For budgeting and planning purposes, we have projected the date for
the commencement, continuation and completion of our various
clinical trials. However, a number of factors, including scheduling
conflicts with participating clinicians and clinical institutions,
complications attributable to COVID-19 pandemic, and difficulties
in identifying and enrolling patients who meet trial eligibility
criteria, may cause significant delays. We may not commence or
complete clinical trials involving any of our products as projected or may not conduct them
successfully.
We expect to rely on medical institutions, academic institutions or
clinical research organizations to conduct, supervise or monitor
some or all aspects of clinical
trials involving our products.
We will have less control over the timing and other aspects of
these clinical trials than if we conducted them entirely on our
own. If we fail to commence or complete, or experience delays in,
any of our planned clinical trials, our stock price and our ability
to conduct our business as currently planned could be
harmed.
Clinical drug development is costly, time-consuming and uncertain,
and we may suffer setbacks in our clinical development program that
could harm our business.
Clinical drug development for our product candidates is costly, time-consuming and
uncertain. Our product
candidates are in various stages of development and while we expect
that clinical trials for these product candidates will continue for several
years, such trials may take significantly longer than expected to
complete. In addition, we, the FDA, an institutional review
board (“IRB”) or other
regulatory authorities, including state and local agencies and
counterpart agencies in foreign countries, may suspend, delay,
require modifications to or terminate our clinical trials at any
time, for various reasons, including:
●
discovery of safety
or tolerability concerns, such as serious or unexpected toxicities
or side effects or exposure to otherwise unacceptable health risks,
with respect to study participants;
●
lack of
effectiveness of any product candidate during clinical trials or
the failure of our product candidates to meet specified
endpoints;
●
delays in subject
recruitment and enrollment in clinical trials or inability to
enroll a sufficient number of patients in clinical trials to ensure
adequate statistical ability to detect statistically significant
treatment effects;
●
difficulty in
retaining subjects and volunteers in clinical trials;
●
difficulty in
obtaining IRB approval for studies to be conducted at each clinical
trial site;
●
delays in
manufacturing or obtaining, or inability to manufacture or obtain,
sufficient quantities of materials for use in clinical
trials;
●
inadequacy of or
changes in our manufacturing process or the product formulation or
method of delivery;
●
delays or failure
in reaching agreement on acceptable terms in clinical trial
contracts or protocols with prospective contract research
organizations (“CROs”), clinical trial sites and other
third-party contractors;
●
inability to add a
sufficient number of clinical trial sites;
●
uncertainty
regarding proper formulation and dosing;
●
failure by us, our
employees, our consultants or advisors, our CROs or their employees
or other third-party contractors to comply with contractual and
applicable regulatory requirements or to perform their services in
a timely or acceptable manner;
●
scheduling
conflicts with participating clinicians and clinical
institutions;
●
failure to design
appropriate clinical trial protocols;
●
inability or
unwillingness of medical investigators to follow our clinical
protocols;
●
difficulty in
maintaining contact with subjects during or after treatment, which
may result in incomplete data; or
●
changes in
applicable laws, regulations and regulatory policies.
25
If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of
patients in clinical trials, those clinical trials could take
longer than expected to complete and our receipt of necessary
regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.
We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for
our product candidates if we
are unable to locate and enroll a sufficient number of eligible
patients to participate in these trials as required by the FDA or
similar regulatory authorities outside the United States. In
particular, because we are focused on patients with molecularly
defined cancers, our pool of suitable patients may be smaller and
more selective and our ability to enroll a sufficient number of
suitable patients may be limited or take longer than anticipated.
In addition, some of our competitors have ongoing clinical trials
for product candidates that
treat the same indications as our product candidates, and patients who would
otherwise be eligible for our clinical trials may instead enroll in
clinical trials of our competitors’ product candidates.
Patient enrollment for any of our clinical trials may also be
affected by other factors, including without
limitation:
●
the severity of the
disease under investigation;
●
the frequency of
the molecular alteration we are seeking to target in the applicable
trial;
●
the eligibility
criteria for the study in question;
●
the perceived risks
and benefits of the product candidate under study;
●
the extent of the
efforts to facilitate timely enrollment in clinical
trials;
●
the patient
referral practices of physicians;
●
the ability to
monitor patients adequately during and after
treatment;
●
the proximity and
availability of clinical trial sites for prospective
patients;
●
unforeseen safety
issues;
●
determination of
dosing issues;
●
inability to
demonstrate effectiveness during clinical trials;
●
slower than
expected rates of patient recruitment;
●
inability to
monitor patients adequately during or after treatment;
and
●
inability or
unwillingness of medical investigators to follow our clinical
protocols.
In
addition, we or the FDA, may suspend our clinical trials at any
time if it appears that we are exposing participants to
unacceptable health risks or if the FDA finds deficiencies in our
IND submissions or the conduct of these trials.
We are subject to extensive
regulation, which can be costly and time consuming and can subject
us to unanticipated delays. even if we obtain regulatory approval
for some of our products,
those products may still face
regulatory difficulties.
All of our potential products, processing and manufacturing activities,
are subject to comprehensive regulation by the FDA in the United
States and by comparable authorities in other countries. The
process of obtaining FDA and other required regulatory approvals,
including foreign approvals, is expensive and often takes many
years and can vary substantially based upon the type, complexity
and novelty of the products
involved. In addition, regulatory agencies may lack experience with
our technologies and products,
which may lengthen the regulatory review process, increase our
development costs and delay or prevent their
commercialization.
If we violate regulatory requirements at any
stage, whether before or after we obtain marketing approval, the
FDA may take enforcement action(s) against us, which could include
issuing a warning or untitled letter, placing a clinical hold on an
ongoing clinical trial, product
seizure, enjoining our operations, refusal to consider our
applications for pre-market approval, refusal of an investigational
new drug application, fines, or even civil or criminal liability,
any of which could materially harm our reputation and financial
results. Additionally, we may not be able to obtain the labeling
claims necessary or desirable for the promotion of our
products. We may also be required to
undertake post-marketing trials to provide additional evidence of
safety and effectiveness. In addition, if we or others identify
side effects after any of our adoptive therapies are on the market,
or if manufacturing problems occur, regulators may withdraw their
approval and reformulations, additional clinical trials, changes in
labeling of our products, and
additional marketing applications may be
required.
26
Any of the following factors, among others, could
cause regulatory approval for our product candidates to be delayed, limited or
denied:
●
the product
candidates require significant clinical testing to demonstrate
safety and effectiveness before applications for marketing approval
can be filed with the FDA and other regulatory
authorities;
●
data obtained from
pre-clinical and nonclinical animal testing and clinical trials can
be interpreted in different ways, and regulatory authorities may
not agree with our respective interpretations or may require us to
conduct additional testing;
●
negative or
inconclusive results or the occurrence of serious or unexpected
adverse events during a clinical trial could cause us to delay or
terminate development efforts for a product candidate;
and/or
●
FDA and other
regulatory authorities may require expansion of the size and scope
of the clinical trials.
Any difficulties or failures that we encounter in securing
regulatory approval for our product candidates would likely have a substantial
adverse impact on our ability to generate product sales and could make any search for a
collaborative partner more difficult.
Obtaining regulatory approval even after clinical trials that are
believed to be successful is an uncertain process.
Even if we complete our planned clinical trials and believe the
results were successful, obtaining regulatory approval is a
lengthy, expensive and uncertain process, and the FDA or other
regulatory agencies may delay, limit or deny approval of any of our
applications for pre-market approval for many reasons,
including:
●
we may not be able
to demonstrate to the FDA’s satisfaction that our product
candidates are safe and effective for any indication;
●
the results of
clinical trials may not meet the level of statistical significance
or clinical significance required by the FDA for
approval;
●
the FDA may
disagree with the number, design, size, conduct or implementation
of our clinical trials;
●
the FDA may not
find the data from pre-clinical studies and clinical trials
sufficient to demonstrate that the clinical and other benefits of
our product candidates outweigh their safety risks;
●
the FDA may
disagree with our interpretation of data from pre-clinical studies
or clinical trials, or may not accept data generated at our
clinical trial sites;
●
the data collected
from pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of our product
candidates may not be sufficient to support the submission of
applications for regulatory approval;
●
the FDA may have
difficulties scheduling an advisory committee meeting in a timely
manner, or the advisory committee may recommend against approval of
our application or may recommend that the FDA require, as a
condition of approval, additional pre-clinical studies or clinical
trials, limitations on approved labeling, or distribution and use
restrictions;
●
the FDA may require
development of a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy as a
condition of approval;
●
the FDA may
identify deficiencies in the manufacturing processes or facilities
of third-party manufacturers with which we enter into agreements
for clinical and commercial supplies;
●
the FDA may change
their approval policies or adopt new regulations that adversely
affect our applications for pre-market approval; and
●
the FDA may require
simultaneous approval for both adults and for children and
adolescents delaying needed approvals, or we may have successful
clinical trial results for adults but not children and adolescents,
or vice versa.
Before we can submit an application for regulatory approval in the
United States, we must conduct a pivotal, Phase III trial. We will also need to agree on a
protocol with the FDA for a clinical trial before commencing the
trial. Phase III clinical
trials frequently produce unsatisfactory results even though prior
clinical trials were successful. Therefore, even if the results of
our Phase II trials are
successful, the results of the additional trials that we conduct
may or may not be successful. Further, our product candidates may not be approved even if
they achieve their primary endpoints in Phase III clinical trials. The FDA or other
foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with our trial design
and our interpretation of data from preclinical studies and
clinical trials. Any of these regulatory authorities may change
requirements for the approval of a product candidate even after reviewing and
providing comments or advice on a protocol for a clinical trial.
The FDA or other regulatory agencies may require that we conduct
additional clinical, nonclinical, manufacturing validation or
drug product quality studies
and submit those data before considering or reconsidering the
application. Depending on the extent of these or any other studies,
approval of any applications that we submit may be delayed by
several years, or may require us to expend more resources than we
have available. It is also possible that additional studies, if
performed and completed, may not be considered sufficient by the
FDA or other regulatory agencies.
27
In addition, the FDA or other regulatory agencies may also approve
a product candidate for fewer
or more limited indications than we request, may impose significant
limitations related to use restrictions for certain age groups,
warnings, precautions or contraindications or may grant approval
contingent on the performance of costly post- marketing clinical
trials or risk mitigation requirements.
We will continue to be subject to
extensive FDA regulation following any product approvals, and if we fail to comply with
these regulations, we may suffer a significant setback in our
business.
Even if we are successful in obtaining regulatory approval of
our product candidates, we will
continue to be subject to the requirements of and review by, the
FDA and comparable regulatory authorities in the areas of
manufacturing processes, post-approval clinical data, adverse event
reporting, labeling, advertising and promotional activities, among
other things. In addition, any marketing approval we receive may be
limited in terms of the approved product indication or require costly
post-marketing testing and surveillance. Discovery after approval
of previously unknown problems with a product, manufacturer or manufacturing process, or
a failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in
enforcement actions such as:
●
warning letters or
other actions requiring changes in product manufacturing processes
or restrictions on product marketing or distribution;
●
product recalls or
seizures or the temporary or permanent withdrawal of a product from
the market;
●
suspending any
ongoing clinical trials;
●
temporary or
permanent injunctions against our production
operations;
●
refusal of our
applications for pre-market approval or an investigational new drug
application; and
●
fines, restitution
or disgorgement of profits or revenue, the imposition of civil
penalties or criminal prosecution.
The occurrence of any of these actions would likely cause a
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and
results of operations.
Many of our business practices are subject to scrutiny and
potential investigation by regulatory and government enforcement
authorities, as well as to lawsuits brought by private citizens
under federal and state laws. We could become subject to
investigations, and our failure to comply with applicable law or an
adverse decision in lawsuits may result in adverse consequences to
us. If we fail to comply with U.S. healthcare laws, we could face
substantial penalties and financial exposure, and our business,
operations and financial condition could be adversely
affected.
While payment is not yet available from third-party payors
(government or commercial) for our products, our goal is to obtain such coverage as
soon as possible after product
approval and commercial launch in the U.S. If this occurs, the availability of such
payment would mean that many healthcare laws would place
limitations and requirements on the manner in which we conduct our
business (including our sales and promotional activities and
interactions with healthcare professionals and facilities) and
could result in liability and exposure to us. In some instances,
our interactions with healthcare professionals and facilities that
occurred prior to commercialization could have implications at a
later date. The laws that may affect our ability to operate
include, among others: (i) the federal healthcare programs
Anti-Kickback Statute, which
prohibits, among other things, persons from knowingly and willfully
soliciting, receiving, offering or paying remuneration, directly or
indirectly, in exchange for or to induce either the referral of an
individual for, or the purchase, order or recommendation of, any
good or service for which payment may be made under federal
healthcare programs such as Medicare or Medicaid, (ii) federal
false claims laws which prohibit, among other things, individuals
or entities from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented,
claims for payment from Medicare, Medicaid, or other third-party
payors that are false or fraudulent, and which may apply to
entities like us under theories of “implied
certification” where the government and qui tam relators may
allege that device companies
are liable where a product that
was paid for by the government in whole or in part was promoted
“off-label,” lacked necessary approval, or failed to
comply with good manufacturing practices or other laws; (iii)
transparency laws and related reporting and/or disclosures such as
the Sunshine Act; and/or (iv) state law equivalents of each of the
above federal laws, such as anti-kickback and false claims laws
which may apply to items or services reimbursed by any third-party
payor, including commercial insurers, many of which differ from
their federal counterparts in significant ways, thus complicating
compliance efforts.
28
If our operations are found to be in violation of any of the laws
described above or any other governmental regulations that apply to
us, we may be subject to penalties, including civil and criminal
penalties, exclusion from participation in government healthcare
programs, damages, fines and the curtailment or restructuring of
our operations. Any penalties, damages, fines, curtailment or
restructuring of our operations could adversely affect our ability
to operate our business and our financial results. The risk of our
being found in violation of these laws is increased by the fact
that their provisions are open to a variety of evolving
interpretations and enforcement discretion. Any action against us
for violation of these laws, even if we successfully defend against
it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert
our management’s attention from the operation of our
business.
Both federal and state government agencies have heightened civil
and criminal enforcement efforts. There are numerous ongoing
investigations of healthcare pharmaceutical companies and others in the healthcare space, as
well as their executives and managers. In addition, amendments to
the Federal False Claims Act, have made it easier for private
parties to bring qui tam (whistleblower) lawsuits against
companies under which the
whistleblower may be entitled to receive a percentage of any money
paid to the government. In addition, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care and Health
Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010
(collectively, the “Affordable Care Act”) amended the
federal civil False Claims Act to provide that a claim that
includes items or services resulting from a violation of the
federal anti-kickback statute constitutes a false or fraudulent
claim for purposes of the federal civil False Claims Act. Penalties
include substantial fines for each false claim, plus three times
the amount of damages that the federal government sustained because
of the act of that person or entity and/or exclusion from the
Medicare program. In addition, a majority of states have adopted
similar state whistleblower and false-claims provision. There can
be no assurance that our activities will not come under the
scrutiny of regulators and other government authorities or that our
practices will not be found to violate applicable laws, rules and
regulations or prompt lawsuits by private citizen
“relators” under federal or state false claims laws.
Any future investigations of our business or executives, or
enforcement action or prosecution, could cause us to incur
substantial costs and result in significant liabilities or
penalties, as well as damage to our reputation.
Laws impacting the U.S. healthcare system are subject to a great
deal of uncertainty, which may result in adverse consequences to
our business.
There have been a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to
change the healthcare system, reduce the costs of healthcare and
change medical reimbursement policies. Doctors, clinics, hospitals
and other users of our products
may decline to purchase our products to the extent there is uncertainty
regarding coverage from government or commercial payors. Further
proposed legislation, regulation and policy changes affecting
third-party reimbursement are likely. Among other things,
Congress has in the past proposed
changes to and the repeal of the Affordable Care Act, and lawsuits
have been brought challenging aspects of the law at various points.
There have been repeated recent attempts by Congress to repeal or replace the Affordable Care
Act. At this time, it remains unclear whether there will be any
changes made to or any repeal or replacement of the Affordable Care
Act, with respect to certain of its provisions or in its entirety.
We are unable to predict what legislation or regulation, if any,
relating to the health care industry or third-party coverage and
reimbursement may be enacted in the future at the state or federal
level, or what effect such legislation or regulation may have on
us. Denial of coverage and reimbursement of our products, or the revocation or changes to coverage
and reimbursement policies, could have a material adverse effect on
our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
We may not be successful in our
efforts to build a pipeline of product candidates.
A key element of our strategy is to use and expand our
product platform to build a pipeline
of product candidates and
progress those product
candidates through clinical development for the treatment of a
variety of different types of cancer. Even if we are successful in
building a product pipeline,
the potential product
candidates that we identify may not be suitable for clinical
development for a number of reasons, including causing harmful side
effects or demonstrating other characteristics that indicate a low
likelihood of receiving marketing approval or achieving market
acceptance. If our methods of identifying potential
product candidates fail to produce a
pipeline of potentially viable product candidates, then our success as a business
will be dependent on the success of fewer potential
product candidates, which introduces
risks to our business model and potential limitations to any
success we may achieve.
29
Our product candidates may cause undesirable side
effects or have other properties that could delay or prevent their
regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved
label, or result in significant negative consequences following
marketing approval, if any.
Additionally, if one or more of our
product candidates receives marketing
approval, and we or others later identify undesirable side effects
caused by such products, a
number of potentially significant negative consequences could
result, including:
●
regulatory
authorities may withdraw approvals of such product;
●
regulatory
authorities may require additional warnings on the product’s
label;
●
we may be required
to create a medication guide for distribution to patients that
outlines the risks of such side effects;
●
we could be sued
and held liable for harm caused to patients; and
●
our reputation may
suffer.
Any of these events could prevent us from
achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the particular
product candidate, if approved, and
could significantly harm our business, results of operations and
prospects.
We may expend our limited resources to
pursue a particular product
candidate or indication that does not produce any commercially
viable products and may fail to
capitalize on product
candidates or indications that may be more profitable or for which
there is a greater likelihood of success.
Because we have limited financial and managerial
resources, we must focus our efforts on particular research
programs and product candidates
for specific indications. As a result, we may forego or delay
pursuit of opportunities with other product candidates or for other indications that
later prove to have greater commercial potential. Further, our
resource allocation decisions may result in our use of funds for
research and development programs and product candidates for specific indications that
may not yield any commercially viable products. If we do not accurately evaluate the
commercial potential or target market for a particular
product candidate, we may relinquish
valuable rights to that product
candidate through collaboration, licensing or other royalty
arrangements in cases in which it would have been more advantageous
for us to retain sole development and commercialization rights to
such product candidate. Any
such failure to improperly assess potential product candidates could result in missed
opportunities and/or our focus on product candidates with low market potential,
which would harm our business and financial
condition.
Our products may be expensive to manufacture, and they
may not be profitable if we are unable to control the costs to
manufacture them.
Our products
may be significantly more expensive to manufacture than we expect
or than other therapeutic products currently on the market today. We hope to
substantially reduce manufacturing costs through process
improvements, development of new methods, increases in
manufacturing scale and outsourcing to experienced manufacturers.
If we are not able to make these, or other improvements, and
depending on the pricing of the product, our profit margins may be significantly
less than that of other therapeutic products on the market today. In addition, we may
not be able to charge a high enough price for any
product we develop, even if they are
safe and effective, to make a profit. If we are unable to realize
significant profits from our potential product candidates, our business would be
materially harmed.
30
We currently lack manufacturing
capabilities to produce our therapeutic product candidates at commercial-scale quantities
and do not have an alternate manufacturing supply, which could
negatively impact our ability to meet any demand for the
product.
We expect that we would need to significantly
expand our manufacturing capabilities to meet potential demand for
our therapeutic product
candidates, if approved. Such expansion would require additional
regulatory approvals. Even if we increase our manufacturing
capabilities, it is possible that we may still lack sufficient
capacity to meet demand.
We do not currently have any alternate supply for
our products. If the facilities
where our products are
currently being manufactured or equipment were significantly
damaged or destroyed, or if there were other disruptions, delays or
difficulties affecting manufacturing capacity or availability of
drug supply, including, but not limited to, if such facilities are
deemed not in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practice
(“cGMP”) requirements, future clinical studies and
commercial production for our products could be significantly disrupted and
delayed. It would be both time-consuming and expensive to replace
this capacity with third parties, particularly since any new
facility would need to comply with the regulatory
requirements.
Ultimately, if we are unable to supply our
products to meet commercial demand,
whether because of processing constraints or other disruptions,
delays or difficulties that we experience, our production costs
could dramatically increase and sales of our products and their long-term commercial prospects
could be significantly damaged.
To be successful, our proposed
products must be accepted by the
healthcare community, which can be very slow to adopt or
unreceptive to new technologies and products.
Our proposed products and those developed by our collaborative
partners, if approved for marketing, may not achieve market
acceptance since hospitals, physicians, patients or the medical
community in general may decide not to accept and use these
products. The products that we are attempting to develop
represent substantial departures from established treatment methods
and will compete with a number of more conventional therapies
manufactured and marketed by major pharmaceutical
companies. The degree of market
acceptance of any of our developed products will depend on a number of factors,
including:
●
our establishment
and demonstration to the medical community of the clinical efficacy
and safety of our proposed products;
●
our ability to
create products that are superior to alternatives currently on the
market;
●
our ability to
establish in the medical community the potential advantage of our
treatments over alternative treatment methods; and
●
reimbursement
policies of government and third-party payers.
If the healthcare community does not accept our products for any of these reasons, or for any
other reason, our business would be materially
harmed.
Our business is based on novel technologies that are inherently
expensive and risky and may not be understood by or accepted in the
marketplace, which could adversely affect our future
value.
The clinical development, commercialization and
marketing of immuno-oncology therapies are at an early-stage,
substantially research-oriented and financially speculative. To
date, very few companies have
been successful in their efforts to develop and commercialize an
immuno-oncology therapeutic product. In general, such products may be susceptible to various risks,
including undesirable and unintended side effects, unintended
immune system responses, inadequate therapeutic efficacy, or other
characteristics that may prevent or limit their approval or
commercial use. Furthermore, the number of people who may use such
therapies is difficult to forecast with accuracy. Our future
success is dependent on the establishment of a significant market
for such therapies and our ability to capture a share of this
market with our product
candidates.
Our development efforts with our
therapeutic product candidates
are susceptible to the same risks of failure inherent in the
development and commercialization of therapeutic
products based on new technologies.
The novel nature of immuno-oncology therapeutics creates
significant challenges in the areas of product development and optimization,
manufacturing, government regulation, third-party reimbursement and
market acceptance. For example, the FDA has relatively limited
experience regulating such therapies, and there are few approved
treatments using such therapy.
31
Our competition includes fully
integrated biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies that have significant advantages over
us.
The market for therapeutic immuno-oncology
products is highly competitive. We
expect that our most significant competitors will be fully
integrated and more established pharmaceutical and
biotechnology companies or
institutions, including major multinational pharmaceutical
companies, biotechnology
companies and universities and other
research institutions. These companies are developing similar
products, and they have significantly
greater capital resources and research and development,
manufacturing, testing, regulatory compliance and marketing
capabilities. Many of these potential competitors may be further
along in the process of product
development and also operate large, company-funded research and development programs.
As a result, our competitors may develop more competitive or
affordable products, or achieve
earlier patent protection or product commercialization than we are able to
achieve. Competitive products
may render any products
or product candidates that we
develop obsolete.
Many of our competitors have substantially greater
financial, technical and other resources than we do, such as larger
research and development staff and experienced marketing and
manufacturing organizations. Additional mergers and acquisitions in
the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries may result in even
more resources being concentrated in certain of our competitors. As
a result, these companies may
be able to obtain regulatory approval more rapidly than we can and
may be more effective in selling and marketing their
products. Smaller or
early-stage companies may also
prove to be significant competitors, particularly through
collaborative arrangements with large, established
companies. Competition may increase
further as a result of advances in the commercial applicability of
technologies and greater availability of capital for investment in
these industries. Our competitors may succeed in developing,
acquiring or licensing drug products that are more effective or less costly to
produce or purchase on the market than any product candidate we are currently developing or
that we may seek to develop in the future. If approved, our
product candidates will face
competition from commercially available drugs as well as drugs that
are in the development pipelines of our
competitors.
Established pharmaceutical companies may invest heavily to accelerate
discovery and development of or in-license novel compounds that
could make our product
candidates less competitive. In addition, any new
product that competes with an
approved product must
demonstrate compelling advantages in efficacy, convenience,
tolerability and safety in order to overcome price competition and
to be commercially successful. Accordingly, our competitors may
succeed in obtaining patent protection, receiving FDA, EMA or other
regulatory approval, or discovering, developing and commercializing
medicines before we do, which could have a material adverse impact
on our business and ability to achieve profitability from future
sales of our approved product
candidates, if any.
If competitors develop and
market products that are more
effective, safer or less expensive than our product candidates or offer other advantages, our
commercial prospects will be limited.
Our therapeutic immuno-oncology development
programs face, and will continue to face, intense competition from
pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology
companies, as well as numerous
academic and research institutions and governmental agencies
engaged in drug discovery activities or funding, both in the United
States and abroad. Some of these competitors are pursuing the
development of drugs and other therapies that target the same
diseases and conditions that we are targeting with our
product candidates. According to a
recent analysis by InVentiv Health, there are over 800
companies developing approximately
1,500 cancer immunotherapies via 4,000 development projects across
535 targets. According to the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Research Association
Medicines in Development for Cancer 2018 Report, there were 135
drugs in development for the treatment of lymphoma,
including non-Hodgkin lymphoma,
which accounts for nearly five percent of all new cancer diagnoses.
As a general matter, we also face competition from
many companies that are
researching and developing cell therapies. Many of these
companies have financial and other
resources substantially greater than ours. In addition, many of
these competitors have significantly greater experience in testing
pharmaceutical and other therapeutic products, obtaining FDA and other regulatory
approvals, and marketing and selling. If we ultimately obtain
regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, we also will be competing with
respect to manufacturing efficiency and marketing capabilities,
areas in which we have limited or no commercial-scale experience.
Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology
industries may result in even more resources’ being
concentrated by our competitors. Competition may increase further
as a result of advances made in the commercial applicability of our
technologies and greater availability of capital for investment in
these fields.
32
If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our
field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate
profitably.
We are engaged in activities in the biotechnology
field, which is characterized by extensive research efforts and
rapid technological progress. If we fail to anticipate or respond
adequately to technological developments, our ability to operate
profitably could suffer. Research and discoveries by other
biotechnology, agricultural, pharmaceutical or other
companies may render our technologies
or potential products or
services uneconomical or result in products superior to those we develop. Similarly,
any technologies, products or
services we develop may not be preferred to any existing or newly
developed technologies, products or services.
We may not be able to obtain
third-party patient reimbursement or favorable product pricing, which would reduce our ability to
operate profitably.
Our ability to successfully commercialize certain
of our proposed products in the
human therapeutic field may depend to a significant degree on
patient reimbursement of the costs of such products and related treatments at acceptable
levels from government authorities, private health insurers and
other organizations, such as health maintenance organizations.
Reimbursement in the United States or foreign countries may not be
available for any products we
may develop, and, if available, may be decreased in the future.
Also, reimbursement amounts may reduce the demand for, or the price
of, our products with a
consequent harm to our business. We cannot predict what additional
regulation or legislation relating to the healthcare industry or
third-party coverage and reimbursement may be enacted in the future
or what effect such regulation or legislation may have on our
business. If additional regulations are overly onerous or
expensive, or if healthcare-related legislation makes our business
more expensive or burdensome than originally anticipated, we may be
forced to significantly downsize our business plans or completely
abandon our business model.
We may be subject to business litigation that will be costly to
defend or pursue and uncertain in its outcome.
Our business may bring us into conflict with our
licensees, licensors or others with whom we have contractual or
other business relationships, or with our competitors or others
whose interests differ from ours. If we are unable to resolve those
conflicts on terms that are satisfactory to all parties, we may become involved in litigation
brought by or against us. That litigation is likely to be expensive
and may require a significant amount of management’s time and
attention, at the expense of other aspects of our business. The
outcome of litigation is always uncertain, and in some cases could
include judgments against us that require us to pay damages, enjoin
us from certain activities, or otherwise affect our legal or
contractual rights, which could have a significant adverse effect
on our business.
We are exposed to the risk of liability claims, for which we may
not have adequate insurance.
Since
we participate in the pharmaceutical industry, we may be subject to
liability claims by employees, customers, end users and third
parties. We intend to obtain proper insurance, however, there can
be no assurance that any liability insurance we purchase will be
adequate to cover claims asserted against us or that we will be
able to maintain such insurance in the future. We intend to adopt
prudent risk-management programs to reduce these risks and
potential liabilities, however, we have not taken any steps to
create these programs and have no estimate as to the cost or time
required to do so and there can be no assurance that such programs,
if and when adopted, will fully protect us. We may not be able to
put risk management programs in place, or obtain insurance, if we
are unable to retain the necessary expertise and/or are
unsuccessful in raising necessary capital in the future. Our
failure to obtain appropriate insurance, or to adopt and implement
effective risk-management programs, as well as any adverse rulings
in any legal matters, proceedings and other matters could have a
material adverse effect on our business.
33
Preclinical and clinical trials are conducted
during the development of potential products and other treatments to determine their
safety and efficacy for use by humans. Notwithstanding these
efforts, when our treatments are introduced into the marketplace,
unanticipated side effects may become evident. Manufacturing,
marketing, selling and testing our product candidates under development or to be
acquired or licensed, entails a risk of product liability claims. We could be subject
to product liability claims in
the event that our product
candidates, processes, or products under development fail to perform as
intended. Even unsuccessful claims could result in the expenditure
of funds in litigation and the diversion of management time and
resources, and could damage our reputation and impair the
marketability of our product
candidates and processes. While we plan to maintain liability
insurance for product liability
claims, we may not be able to obtain or maintain such insurance at
a commercially reasonable cost. If a successful claim were made
against us, and we lacked insurance or the amount of insurance were
inadequate to cover the costs of defending against or paying such a
claim or the damages payable by us, we would experience a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
We could be subject to
product liability lawsuits based on
the use of our product
candidates in clinical testing or, if obtained, following marketing
approval and commercialization. If product liability lawsuits are brought against us,
we may incur substantial liabilities and may be required to cease
clinical testing or limit commercialization of our
product
candidates.
We could be subject to product liability lawsuits if any
product candidate we develop allegedly
causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable for human use
during product testing,
manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such product liability claims may include allegations
of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn
of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liability and a breach
of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer
protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves
against product liability
claims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to
limit commercialization of our product candidates, if approved. Even successful
defense would require significant financial and management
resources. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liability
claims may result in:
●
decreased demand
for our product candidates;
●
withdrawal of
clinical trial participants;
●
initiation of
investigations by regulators;
●
costs to defend the
related litigation;
●
a diversion of
management’s time and our resources;
●
substantial
monetary awards to trial participants or patients;
●
product recalls,
withdrawals or labeling, marketing or promotional
restrictions;
●
loss of revenues
from product sales; and
●
the inability to
commercialize our product candidates.
Our inability to retain sufficient product liability insurance at an acceptable cost
to protect against potential product liability claims could prevent or inhibit
the clinical testing and commercialization of products we develop. We may wish to obtain
additional such insurance covering studies or trials in other
countries should we seek to expand those clinical trials or
commence new clinical trials in other jurisdictions or increase the
number of patients in any clinical trials we may pursue. We also
may determine that additional types and amounts of coverage would
be desirable at later stages of clinical development of our
product candidates or upon commencing
commercialization of any product candidate that obtains required approvals.
However, we may not be able to obtain any such additional insurance
coverage when needed on acceptable terms or at all. If we do not obtain or retain
sufficient product liability
insurance, we could be responsible for some or all of the financial costs associated with
a product liability claim
relating to our preclinical and clinical development activities, in
the event that any such claim results in a court judgment or
settlement in an amount or of a type that is not covered, in whole
or in part, by any insurance policies we may have or that is in
excess of the limits of our insurance coverage. We may not have, or
be able to obtain, sufficient capital to pay any such amounts that
may not be covered by our insurance policies.
34
We rely on third parties to conduct
preclinical and clinical trials of our product candidates. If these third parties do not
successfully carry out their contractual duties or meet expected
deadlines, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval for or
commercialize our product
candidates and our business could be substantially
harmed.
We rely, and expect to continue to rely, upon third-party CROs to
execute our preclinical and clinical trials and to monitor and
manage data produced by and relating to those trials. However, we
may not be able to establish arrangements with CROs when needed or
on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all, which could negatively affect our development
efforts with respect to our drug product candidates and materially harm our
business, operations and prospects.
We will have only limited control over the activities of the CRO we
will engage to conduct our clinical trials including the University
of Minnesota for our Phase II
clinical trial for GTB-1550 and Phase I clinical trial for GTB-3550. Nevertheless,
we are responsible for ensuring that each of our studies is
conducted in accordance with the applicable protocol, legal,
regulatory and scientific standards, and our reliance on any CRO
does not relieve us of our regulatory responsibilities. Based on
our present expectations, we, our CROs and our clinical trial sites
are required to comply with good clinical practices
(“GCPs”) for all of
our product candidates in
clinical development. Regulatory authorities enforce GCPs through
periodic inspections of trial sponsors, principal investigators and
trial sites. If we or any of our CROs fail to comply with
applicable GCPs, the clinical data generated in the applicable
trial may be deemed unreliable and the FDA, EMA or comparable
foreign regulatory authorities may require us to perform additional
clinical trials before approving a product candidate for marketing, which we may not
have sufficient cash or other resources to support and which would
delay our ability to generate revenue from any sales of such
product candidate. In addition, our
clinical trials are required to be conducted with
product produced in compliance with
cGMPs. Our or our CROs’ failure to comply with those
regulations may require us to repeat clinical trials, which would
also require significant cash expenditures and delay the regulatory
approval process.
Agreements governing relationships with CROs generally provide
those CROs with certain rights to terminate a clinical trial under
specified circumstances. If a CRO that we have engaged terminates
its relationship with us during the performance of a clinical
trial, we would be forced to seek an engagement with a substitute
CRO, which we may not be able to do on a timely basis or on
commercially reasonable terms, if at all, and the applicable trial would experience
delays or may not be completed. In addition, our CROs are not our
employees, and except for remedies available to us under any
agreements we enter with them, we are
unable to control whether or not they devote sufficient time and
resources to our clinical, nonclinical and preclinical programs. If
CROs do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or
obligations or meet expected deadlines, if they need to be replaced
or if the quality or accuracy of the clinical data they obtain is
compromised due to a failure to adhere to our clinical protocols,
regulatory requirements or for other reasons, our clinical trials
may be extended, delayed or terminated and we may not be able to
obtain regulatory approval for, or successfully commercialize, the
affected product candidates. As
a result, our operations and the commercial prospects for the
effected product candidates
would be harmed, our costs could increase and our ability to
generate revenues could be delayed.
We contract with third parties for the
supply of product candidates
for clinical testing and expect to contract with third parties for
the manufacturing of our product candidates for large-scale testing and
commercial supply. This reliance on third parties increases the
risk that we will not have sufficient quantities of our
product candidates or
products or such quantities at an
acceptable cost, which could delay, prevent or impair our
development or commercialization efforts.
We anticipate continuing our engagement of third parties to provide
our clinical supply as we advance our product candidates into and through clinical
development, and we depend on third parties to produce and maintain
sufficient quantities of material to supply our clinical trials. If
these third parties do not produce and maintain adequate supplies
of clinical material, our development efforts could be
significantly delayed, or could incur substantially higher costs.
We expect in the future to use third parties for the manufacture of
our product candidates for
clinical testing, as well as for commercial manufacture. We plan to
enter into long-term supply agreements with several manufacturers for
commercial supplies. We may be unable to reach agreement on satisfactory terms with contract
manufacturers to manufacture our product candidates. Additionally, the facilities
to manufacture our product
candidates must be the subject of a satisfactory inspection before
the FDA or other regulatory authorities approve a marketing
authorization for the product
candidate manufactured at that facility. We will depend on these
third-party manufacturers for compliance with the FDA’s and
international regulatory authority requirements for the manufacture
of our finished products. We do
not control the manufacturing process of, and are completely
dependent on, our contract manufacturers for compliance with cGMPs.
If our manufacturers cannot successfully manufacture material that
conforms to our specifications and the FDA and other regulatory
authorities’ cGMP requirements, they will not be able to
secure and/or maintain regulatory approval for their manufacturing
facilities. In addition, we have no control over the ability of our
contract manufacturers to maintain adequate quality control,
quality assurance and qualified personnel. If the FDA or a
comparable foreign regulatory authority does not approve these
facilities for the manufacture of our product candidates or if it withdraws any such
approval in the future, we may need to find alternative
manufacturing facilities, which would significantly impact our
ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for or market
our product candidates, if
approved, and may subject us to recalls or enforcement action
for products already on the
market.
35
If any of our product candidates are approved and contract
manufacturers fail to deliver the required commercial quantities of
finished product on a timely
basis and at commercially reasonable prices, and we are unable to
find one or more replacement manufacturers capable of production at
a substantially equivalent cost, in substantially equivalent
volumes and quality and on a timely basis, we would likely be
unable to meet demand for our products and could lose potential revenue. It may
take several years to establish an alternative source of supply for
our product candidates and to
have any such new source approved by the FDA or any other relevant
regulatory authorities.
We currently have no marketing and
sales force. If we are unable to establish effective marketing and
sales capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell
our product candidates, we may
not be able to effectively market and sell our product candidates, if approved, or
generate product
revenues.
We currently do not have a marketing or sales team for the
marketing, sales and distribution of any of our product candidates that are able to obtain
regulatory approval. In order to commercialize any
product candidates, we must build on a
territory-by-territory basis marketing, sales, distribution,
managerial and other non-technical capabilities or make
arrangements with third parties to perform these services, and we
may not be successful in doing so. If our product candidates receive regulatory approval, we
intend to establish an internal sales and marketing team with
technical expertise and supporting distribution capabilities to
commercialize our product
candidates, which will be expensive and time consuming and will
require significant attention of our executive officers to manage.
Any failure or delay in the development of our internal sales,
marketing and distribution capabilities would adversely impact the
commercialization of any of our products that we obtain approval to market. With
respect to the commercialization of all or certain of our product candidates, we may choose to collaborate,
either globally or on a territory-by-territory basis, with third
parties that have direct sales forces and established distribution
systems, either to augment our own sales force and distribution
systems or in lieu of our own sales force and distribution systems.
If we are unable to enter into such arrangements when needed on
acceptable terms or at all, we
may not be able to successfully commercialize any of our
product candidates that receive
regulatory approval or any such commercialization may experience
delays or limitations. If we are not successful in commercializing
our product candidates, either
on our own or through collaborations with one or more third
parties, our future product
revenue will suffer and we may incur significant additional
losses.
Our business and operations would suffer in the event of system
failures.
Despite the implementation of security measures, our internal
computer systems and those of our contractors and consultants are
vulnerable to damage from computer viruses, unauthorized access,
natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication and
electrical failures. While we have not experienced any such system
failure, accident or security breach to date, if such an event were
to occur and cause interruptions in our operations, it could result
in a material disruption of our drug development programs. For
example, the loss of clinical trial data from completed or ongoing
or planned clinical trials could result in delays in our regulatory
approval efforts and we may incur substantial costs to attempt to
recover or reproduce the data. If any disruption or security breach
resulted in a loss of or damage to our data or applications, or
inappropriate disclosure of confidential or proprietary
information, we could incur liability and/or the further
development of our product
candidates could be delayed.
36
Our operations are vulnerable to interruption by natural disasters,
power loss, terrorist activity and other events beyond our control,
the occurrence of which could materially harm our
business.
Businesses located in California have, in the past, been subject to
electrical blackouts as a result of a shortage of available
electrical power, and any future blackouts could disrupt our
operations. We are vulnerable to a major earthquake, wildfire and
other natural disasters, and we have not undertaken a systematic
analysis of the potential consequences to our business as a result
of any such natural disaster and do not have an applicable recovery
plan in place. We do not carry any business interruption insurance
that would compensate us for actual losses from interruption of our
business that may occur, and any losses or damages incurred by us
could cause our business to materially suffer.
Epidemic or pandemic outbreaks such as COVID-19 (coronavirus),
natural disasters, whether or not caused by climate change, unusual
weather conditions, terrorist acts and political events, could
disrupt business and result in halting our clinical trials and
otherwise adversely affect our financial performance.
The occurrence of one or more natural disasters, such as tornadoes,
hurricanes, fires, floods and earthquakes, unusual weather
conditions, epidemic outbreaks, terrorist attacks or disruptive
political events in certain regions where our operations are
located could adversely affect our business. Epidemic or pandemic
outbreaks, such as COVID-19 (coronavirus) could impact our
management and our ability to conduct clinical trials. For example,
we were required to temporarily halt our Phase I clinical trial with GTB-3550 for 30 days
in March 2020 as result of restrictions on hospital operation
implemented in reaction to the coronavirus pandemic. This also may
affect the market conditions that would limit our ability to raise
additional capital. This could have a sustained material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition and results of
operations.
We have not held regular annual meetings in the past, and if we are
required by the Delaware Court of Chancery to hold an annual
meeting pursuant to Section 211(c) of the Delaware General
Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) it could result in the
unanticipated expenditure of funds, time and other Company
resources.
Section 2.2 of our bylaws provides that an annual meeting shall be
held each year on a date and at a time designated by our Board of
Directors (the “Board”), and Section 211(b) of the DGCL
provides for an annual meeting of stockholders to be held for the
election of directors. Section 211(c) of the DGCL provides that if
there is a failure to hold the annual meeting for a period of 13
months after the latest to occur of the organization of the
corporation, its last annual meeting or last action by written
consent to elect directors in lieu of an annual meeting, the
Delaware Court of Chancery may order a meeting to be held upon the
application of any stockholder or director. Section 211(c) also
provides that the failure to hold an annual meeting shall not
affect otherwise valid corporate acts or result in a forfeiture or
dissolution of the corporation.
We have not held regular annual meetings in the past because a
substantial majority of our stock is owned by a small number of
stockholders, making it easy to obtain written consent in lieu of a
meeting when necessary. In light of our historical liquidity
constraints, handling matters by written consent has allowed our
Company to save on the financial and administrative resources
required to prepare for and hold such annual meetings. To our
knowledge, no stockholder or director has requested our
Company’s management to hold such an annual meeting and no
stockholder or director has applied to the Delaware Court of
Chancery seeking an order directing our company to hold a meeting. However, if one or more
stockholders or directors were to apply to the Delaware Court of
Chancery seeking such an order, and if the Delaware Court of
Chancery were to order an annual meeting before we are prepared to
hold one, the preparation for the annual meeting and the meeting
itself could result in the unanticipated expenditure of funds, time
and other Company resources.
Risks Related to this Offering and Our Common Stock
There has been a limited public market
for our common stock, and we do
not know whether one will develop to provide you adequate
liquidity. Furthermore, the trading price for our
common stock, should an active trading
market develop, may be volatile and could be subject to wide
fluctuations in per-share price.
Our common stock is quoted on
the OTCQB under the trading symbol “GTBP”;
historically, however, there has been a limited public market for
our common stock. We cannot
assure you that an active trading market for our
common stock will develop or be
sustained. The liquidity of any market for the shares of our
common stock will depend on a number
of factors, including:
●
the number of
stockholders;
●
our operating
performance and financial condition;
●
the market for
similar securities;
●
the extent of
coverage of us by securities or industry analysts; and
●
the interest of
securities dealers in making a market in the shares of our common
stock.
37
Even if an active trading market develops, the market price for
our common stock may be highly
volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations. In addition,
the price of shares of our common stock could decline significantly if our
future operating results fail to meet or exceed the expectations of
market analysts and investors and actual or anticipated variations
in our quarterly operating results could negatively affect our
share price.
The volatility of the price of our common stock may also be impacted by the risks
discussed under this “Risk Factors” section, in
addition to other factors, including:
●
developments in the
financial markets and worldwide or regional economies;
●
announcements of
innovations or new products or services by us or our
competitors;
●
announcements by
the government relating to regulations that govern our
industry;
●
significant sales
of our common stock or other securities in the open
market;
●
variations in
interest rates;
●
changes in the
market valuations of other comparable companies; and
●
changes in
accounting principles.
Our outstanding warrants and preferred stock may affect the market
price and liquidity of the common stock.
As of December 31, 2020, after giving effect to the issuance of the
Settlement Shares and the Settlement Warrants pursuant to the
Settlement Agreement and before giving effect to the 1-for-17
reserve stock split described in this prospectus, we had
approximately 77.5 million shares of common stock outstanding and had
outstanding warrants for the
purchase of up to approximately 7.8 million additional shares
of common stock at an exercise
price of $0.20 per share, all
of which are exercisable as of the date of this prospectus (subject
to certain beneficial ownership limitations). We also had
outstanding 96,230 shares of Series C preferred stock (the “Series C
Preferred Stock”) and 2,353,548 shares of Series J-1
Preferred Stock as of the date of this prospectus, which preferred
stock is convertible into up to approximately 11.8 million
additional shares of common
stock at any time (subject to certain beneficial ownership
limitations). In addition, as described more fully below, holders
of our convertible notes
and debentures may elect to
receive a substantial number of shares of common stock upon conversion of the
notes and, at each holder’s
option, we will pay accrued interest on such notes in shares of our common stock. The amount of common stock reserved for issuance may have an
adverse impact on our ability to raise capital and may affect the
price and liquidity of our common stock in the public market. In addition,
the issuance of these shares of common stock will have a dilutive effect on
current stockholders’ ownership.
The conversion of outstanding
convertible notes and
debentures into shares of
common stock, and the issuance
of common stock by us as
payment of accrued interest upon our convertible
notes and debentures, could materially dilute our current
stockholders.
As of January 31, 2021, after giving effect to (i) the issuance of
the December 2020/ January 2021 Notes, the November 2020 Notes, the
September 2020 Notes, the July 2020 Notes and the May 2020 Notes
and (ii) the issuance of the Settlement Notes pursuant to the
Settlement Agreement, we had approximately $38.8 million aggregate
principal amount of convertible notes and debentures outstanding. The convertible
notes and debentures are convertible into shares of
our common stock at
fixed conversion prices, which
may be less than the market price of our common stock at the time of conversion, and which
may be subject to future adjustment due to certain events,
including the issuance by the Company of common stock or
common
stock equivalents at an effective price per share lower than the
conversion rate then in effect.
If the entire principal is converted into shares of
common stock (including approximately
$3.9 million in default amounts accrued with respect to the Default
Notes), we would be required to issue an aggregate of no less than
84.5 million shares of common
stock. If we issue all of these
shares, the ownership of our current stockholders will be
diluted.
38
Further, at each holder’s option, we will pay interest on the
convertible notes and
debentures in shares of
common stock based on the then
current conversion
price. Such interest could
further dilute our current stockholders.
Because our common stock may be deemed a low-priced
“penny” stock, an investment in our common stock should be considered high-risk and
subject to marketability restrictions.
Historically, the trading price of our common stock has been $5.00 per share or lower,
and deemed a penny stock, as defined in Rule 3a51-1 under the
Exchange Act, and subject to the penny stock rules of the Exchange
Act specified in rules 15g-1 through 15g-100. Those rules require
broker–dealers, before effecting transactions in any penny
stock, to:
●
deliver to the
customer, and obtain a written receipt for, a disclosure
document;
●
disclose certain
price information about the stock;
●
disclose the amount
of compensation received by the broker-dealer or any associated
person of the broker-dealer;
●
send monthly
statements to customers with market and price information about the
penny stock; and
●
in some
circumstances, approve the purchaser’s account under certain
standards and deliver written statements to the customer with
information specified in the rules.
Consequently, the penny stock rules may restrict the ability or
willingness of broker-dealers to sell the common stock and may affect the ability of holders
to sell their common stock in
the secondary market and the price at which such holders can sell
any such securities. These additional procedures could also limit
our ability to raise additional capital in the
future.
Financial Industry Regulatory
Authority (“FINRA”) sales practice requirements may
also limit a stockholder’s ability to buy and sell our
common stock, which could depress the
price of our common
stock.
In addition to the “penny stock” rules described above,
FINRA has adopted rules that require a broker-dealer to have
reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable
for that customer before recommending an investment to a customer.
Prior to recommending speculative low-priced securities to their
non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable
efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial
status, tax status, investment objectives and other information.
Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there is
a high probability that speculative low-priced securities will not
be suitable for at least some customers. Thus, the FINRA
requirements make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend
that their customers buy our common stock, which may limit your ability to buy
and sell our shares of common
stock, have an adverse effect on the market for our shares
of common stock, and thereby
depress our price per share of common stock.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or
reports about our business, or if they issue an adverse or
misleading opinion regarding our stock, our stock price and trading
volume could decline.
The trading market for our common stock may be influenced by the research and
reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or
our business. We do not currently have, and may never obtain,
research coverage by securities and industry analysts. If no or few
securities or industry analysts commence coverage of us, the
trading price for our common
stock may be negatively affected. In the event that we receive
securities or industry analyst coverage, if any of the analysts who
cover us issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding us, our
business model, our intellectual property or our stock performance,
or if our operating results fail to meet the expectations of
analysts, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of
these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on
us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets,
which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to
decline.
39
Anti-takeover provisions may limit the ability of another party to
acquire us, which could cause our stock price to
decline.
Delaware law and our restated certificate of incorporation
(“certificate of incorporation”), our restated bylaws
(“bylaws”) and other governing documents contain
provisions that could discourage, delay or prevent a third party
from acquiring us, even if doing so may be beneficial to our
stockholders, which could cause our stock price to decline. In
addition, these provisions could limit the price investors would be
willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock.
We do not currently or for the
foreseeable future intend to pay dividends on our
common stock.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our
common stock. We currently anticipate
that we will retain future earnings for the development, operation
and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or
paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. As a result,
any return on your investment in our common stock will be limited to the appreciation
in the price of our common
stock, if any.
An investment in this offering may result in uncertain U.S. federal
income tax consequences.
An investment in this offering may result in uncertain U.S. federal
income tax consequences. For instance, because there are no
authorities that directly address instruments similar to the Units
part of this offering, the allocation an investor makes with
respect to the purchase price of a Unit between the common stock
and Common Warrant included in each Unit (or between the Pre-Funded
Warrant and Common Warrant included in each Pre-Funded Unit) could
be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service or courts. See
“Material United States Federal
Income Tax Considerations” for a summary of the U.S. federal income
tax considerations of an investment in our securities. Prospective
investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect
to these and other tax consequences when acquiring, owning or
disposing of our securities.
Risks Relating to this Offering and our Reverse
Stock-Split
Our Bridge Notes automatically convert at the closing of this
offering at the lower of $4.00 per Unit or a 30% discount to the
offering price of the Units, and our Settlement Warrants will be
cancelled and shares issued as a result, all of which could
negatively impact trading in our
securities. On March 6,
2020, we completed the offering of $1,992,000 of the Bridge Notes
that provided for the automatic conversion into shares of our
common stock at the closing of this offering at the lower of $4.00
per share or a 30% discount to the offering price of the Units.
Purchasers of the Bridge Notes also received warrants (the
“Settlement Warrants”) in the private placement. On
June 15, 2020, we entered into agreements with the holders of the
Bridge Notes to provide that the Bridge Notes will automatically
convert upon the closing of this offering into shares of our common
stock and warrants underlying the Units at the lower of $4.00 per
Unit or a 30% discount to the public offering price of the Units.
As of June 15, 2020, two holders representing $200,000 in the
aggregate of the outstanding Bridge Notes have not yet signed the
agreement. The agreements further provide that, immediately upon
the closing of this offering, the Settlement Warrants will be
cancelled and in lieu thereof each holder will receive 0.4 of a
share of common stock for each share formerly underlying such
cancelled 2020 Warrant. As a result, the investors in this offering
will experience immediate dilution when the Bridge Notes are
automatically converted into shares of our common stock and
warrants and the Settlement Warrants are cancelled and shares in
lieu thereof are issued at the closing of this offering. We
estimate that approximately 517,403 shares and warrants to purchase
517,403 shares will be issuable upon conversion of the Bridge
Notes, assuming a $3.85 conversion price and not taking into
account interest earned, and 199,200 shares will be issued to
holders upon cancellation of the Settlement Warrants. We have
agreed to register the shares and warrants underlying the Bridge
Notes, as well as the shares underlying the warrants issued upon
automatic conversion of the Bridge Notes, and the shares issued
upon cancellation of the Settlement Warrants for resale under the
Securities Act. The holders of the Bridge Notes and Settlement
Warrants have agreed to certain lock-up provisions with respect to
the securities received upon conversion of the Bridge Notes and
Settlement Warrants as described below under
“Underwriting—Lock-up Agreements.” The automatic
conversion of the Bridge Notes into shares of our common stock and
warrants and issuance of shares upon cancellation of the Settlement
Warrants will be dilutive to our holders and could negatively
impact the trading market and price of our common stock following
the offering.
40
Our management team will have immediate and broad discretion over
the use of net proceeds from this offering and may not use them
effectively.
We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for general
corporate purposes, which includes, among other purposes, the
funding and expansion of our ongoing clinical trials and the
continued development of our pipeline of candidate products. See
“Use
of Proceeds.” However, our management will still have broad
discretion in the application of such proceeds. Our shareholders
may not agree with the manner in which our management
chooses to allocate the net proceeds from this offering. The
failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition
and results of operation. Pending their use, management may invest
the net proceeds from this offering in a manner that does not
produce income. The decisions made by our management may not result
in positive returns on your investment, and you will not have an
opportunity to evaluate the economic, financial or other
information upon which our management bases its
decisions.
You may experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net
tangible book value of the common shares you purchase.
The offering price of the common shares underlying the Units and
the Pre-Funded Units offered pursuant to this prospectus
is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share.
Therefore, if you purchase Units or Pre-Funded Units, you will
incur immediate and substantial dilution in the pro forma net
tangible book value per common share from the price per unit that
you pay for the underlying share. If the holders of outstanding
options or warrants exercise those options or warrants at prices
below the offering price, you will incur even further dilution. See
“Dilution.”
There is no public market for the Common Warrants or Pre-Funded
Warrants being offered.
There is no established public trading market for the Common
Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants being offered pursuant to this
offering, nor do we expect such a market to develop. We do not
intend to apply to list any Common Warrants or Pre-Funded Warrants
on any securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading
system, including NASDAQ. Without an active market, the liquidity
of such Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants will be
limited.
Holders of the Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants purchased
pursuant to this offering will have no rights as common
shareholders until such holders exercise the Common Warrants and
Pre-Funded Warrants and acquire our common shares.
Holders of Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants purchased in
this offering only acquire our common shares upon exercise thereof,
meaning holders will have no rights with respect to the shares of
our common shares underlying such warrants. Upon the exercise of
any of the warrants purchased, such holders will be entitled to
exercise the rights of a shareholder only as to matters for which
the record date occurs after the exercise date. The Common Warrants
and the Underwriter Warrants are speculative in nature. The Common
Warrants being sold in this offering have an exercise price equal
to the public offering price of the Units, the Pre-Funded Warrants
$0.001 per share, and the Underwriter Warrants have an exercise
price equal to 125% of the public offering price of the Units. The
Common Warrants will expire on the fifth anniversary from the
issuance date, and the Underwriter Warrants will expire on the
fifth anniversary from the effective date of this offering. In the
event our common share price does not exceed the per share exercise
price of the Common Warrants or the Underwriter Warrants during the
period when such warrants are exercisable, such warrants will not
have any value.
41
USE OF PROCEEDS
We estimate that our net proceeds from this
offering will be approximately $18,165,000 million, based on an assumed public offering price of $7.57
per Unit after deducting the
underwriters’ fees and estimated offering expenses payable by
us. If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase
additional Units in full, we estimate that the net proceeds to be
received by us will be approximately $20,925,000, after deducting
underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering
expenses payable by us.
If a holder of Common Warrants elects to exercise the Common
Warrants issued in this offering, we may also receive proceeds from
the exercise of the Common Warrants. We cannot predict when or if
the Common Warrants will be exercised. It is possible that the
Common Warrants may expire and may never be exercised.
Each $0.05 increase or decrease in the assumed public offering
price of $7.57 per Unit would increase or decrease,
respectively, our net proceeds by approximately $140,000, assuming
the maximum number of Units offered by us, as set forth on the
cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting
underwriter fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We
may also increase or decrease the number of Units we are offering.
An increase or decrease of 100,000 in the number of Units we are
offering would increase or decrease, respectively, the net proceeds
from this offering, after deducting underwriter fees and estimated
offering expenses payable by us, by approximately $696,000,
assuming the assumed public offering price stays the
same.
We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for general
corporate purposes, which includes, among other purposes, the
funding
and expansion of our ongoing clinical trials and the continued
development of our pipeline of candidate
products.
Our expected use of net proceeds from the offering represents our
current intentions based upon our present plans and business
condition. Investors are cautioned, however, that expenditures may
vary substantially from these uses. Investors will be relying on
the judgment of our management, who will have broad discretion
regarding the application of the proceeds of this offering. The
amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend upon
numerous factors, including the amount of cash generated by our
operations, the amount of competition and other operational
factors. We may find it necessary or advisable to use portions of
the proceeds from this offering for other purposes.
42
MARKET INFORMATION
Our common stock is quoted on
the OTCQB under the symbol “GTBP.” Our
common stock is also quoted on several
European based exchanges, including Berlin (GTBP.BE), Frankfurt
(GTBP.DE), the Euronext (GTBP.NX) and Paris
(GTBP.PA).
Stockholders
As of January 31, 2021, there were 52 stockholders of record. This
total does not include stockholders who hold their shares in
“street name.” The transfer agent for our
common stock is Computershare, whose address is 8742
Lucent Blvd., Suite 225, Highland Ranch, CO
80129.
Dividends
We have not paid any dividends on our common stock to date and do not anticipate that we
will pay dividends in the foreseeable future. Any payment of cash
dividends on our common stock
in the future will be dependent upon the amount of funds legally
available, our earnings, if any, our financial condition, our
anticipated capital requirements and other factors that the Board
may think are relevant. However, we currently intend for the
foreseeable future to follow a policy of retaining
all of our earnings, if any, to
finance the development and expansion of our business and,
therefore, do not expect to pay any dividends on our
common stock during such
time.
43
CONSOLIDATED CAPITALIZATION
The following table presents the number of our issued and
outstanding shares of common stock and our consolidated
cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as at
September 30, 2020: (i) on an actual basis; and (ii) on an as
adjusted basis to give effect to the approved reverse stock split of the
outstanding shares of our common stock at a 1-for-17 ratio to occur
following the effective date but prior to the closing of this
offering, the issuance of $11.1 million aggregate
principal amout of certain convertible notes since September 30,
2020, the sale by us of 2,642,008 Units in this offering at
the assumed public offering price of $7.57 per Unit
(assuming no sale of Pre-Funded Units), and the
conversion of $37.7 million in principal and accrued interest of
convertible notes and 2,353,548 shares of Series J-1 preferred
stock that will be subject to mandatory conversion as a result of
this offering, after deducting estimated underwriter fees
and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and excluding the
proceeds, if any, from the exercise of over-allotment option
or the exercise of the Common Warrants and Underwriter
Warrants issued pursuant to this offering.
The information below has been derived from and should be read in
conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, our
unaudited consolidated financial statements as at September 30,
2020; and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and
2019, and the Management’s Discussion and Analysis thereon,
incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement.
Figures, other than shares, are in U.S.
dollars.
|
|
September 30, 2020
|
|
|
(in thousands)
|
Actual
|
As Adjusted
|
|
Number
of Common Shares issued and outstanding
|
77,518
|
18,996
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
350
|
18,515
|
|
Shareholders’
equity
|
(29,777)
|
26,134
|
|
Share
capital
|
103
|
117
|
|
Other
capital
|
550,984
|
606,881
|
|
Deficit
|
(580,695)
|
(580,695)
|
|
Accumulated
other comprehensive income
|
-
|
-
|
|
Total
shareholders’ equity and total capitalization
|
(29,777)
|
26,134
|
The number of shares of common stock that will be outstanding both
before and immediately after this offering is based on 77,518,614
shares outstanding as of September 30, 2020, and excludes as of
such date before giving effect to the 1-for-17 reverse stock
split:
●
3.8
million shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of
outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $0.20
per share;
●
40 shares of common stock issuable upon the
exercise of outstanding stock;
●
87 shares of common stock reserved for future
issuance under our 2014 Stock Incentive Plan;
●
shares
of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants to be issued
to investors in this offering; and
●
shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise
of the Underwriter Warrants to be issued to the
underwriters.
44
DILUTION
If you invest in our common stock and warrants, your interest will
be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the
public offering price per unit and the as-adjusted net tangible
book value per share after this offering.
The net tangible book value (deficit) of our common stock as of
September 30, 2020 was approximately ($29,777,000), or
approximately ($6.53) per share. Net tangible book value per share
represents the amount of our total tangible assets less total
liabilities divided by the total number of our shares of common
stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020
as
adjusted to give effect to the approved reverse stock split of the
outstanding shares of common stock of the Company at a 1-for-17
ratio to occur following the effective date but prior to the
closing of this offering.
After giving effect to the sale of 2,642,008 Units in this offering
at the assumed public offering price of $7.57
per Unit, and no sale of Pre-Funded Units,
after deducting estimated underwriter fees and estimated offering
expenses payable by us, and excluding the proceeds, if any, from
the exercise of the Common Warrants and Underwriter Warrants issued
pursuant to this offering, our as adjusted net tangible book value
as of September 30, 2020 would have been approximately
($11,612,000), or approximately ($1.61) per share. This represents
an immediate increase in net tangible book value of approximately
$4.92 per share to our existing security holders and an immediate
dilution in as-adjusted net tangible book value of approximately
$9.18 per share to purchasers of units in this offering, as
illustrated by the following table:
|
Public
offering price per Unit
|
$ 7.57
|
|
Consolidated
net tangible book value per Common Share
|
$(6.53)
|
|
Increase
in consolidated net tangible book value per Common
Share
|
$ 4.92
|
|
As
adjusted consolidated net tangible book value per Common
Share
|
$(1.61)
|
|
Dilution
per Common Share to new investors participating in this
offering
|
$ 9.18
|
If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase 396,301
additional Units in full, the as adjusted net tangible book value
of our common stock after this offering would be ($8,852,000) per
share, representing an immediate increase in net tangible book
value of approximately $5.37 per share to existing stockholders and
an immediate dilution of $8.74 per share to the investors in this
offering, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated
offering expenses payable by us.
To the
extent that outstanding options or warrants outstanding as of
September 30, 2020, have been or may be exercised or other shares
issued, investors participating in this offering may experience
further dilution. In addition, we may choose to raise additional
capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even
if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future
operating plans. To the extent that additional capital is raised
through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the
issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to
our stockholders.
45
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the
development and commercialization of novel immuno-oncology
products
based off our proprietary Tri-specific Killer Engager (TriKE™)
and Tetra-specific Killer
Engager (TetraKE™). Our
TriKE and
TetraKE platforms generate proprietary therapeutics designed to
harness and enhance the cancer killing abilities of a
patient’s own NK cells. Once bound to an NK cell, our
moieties are designed to enhance the NK cell and precisely direct
it to one or more specifically-targeted proteins expressed on a
specific type of cancer cell or virus infected cell, ultimately
resulting in the targeted cell’s death. TriKEs and TetraKEs are
made up of recombinant fusion proteins, can be designed to target
any number of tumor antigens on hematologic malignancies, sarcomas
or solid tumors and do not require patient-specific
customization.
Recent Developments
Financings
In
December 2020 and January 2021, we entered into a securities
purchase agreement with sixty-five purchasers pursuant to which we
issued the December 2020 / January 2021 Notes.
The
December 2020 / January 2021 Notes are convertible at any time, at
the holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an
initial conversion price of $0.20 per share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership
limit of 9.99%). The conversion price is also subject to
adjustment due to certain events, including stock dividends, stock
splits and in connection with the issuance by the Company
of common stock or common stock equivalents at an
effective price per share lower than the conversion rate then in
effect. The December 2020 / January 2021 Notes will be subject to
mandatory conversion in the event of the completion of a future
financing in the amount of at least $15 million at
a conversion price equal to the lesser of (i)
the conversion price in effect for the December 2020 / January
2021 Notes on the date of completion of such financing or (ii) 75%
of the lowest per share price at which common stock may be
issued in connection with any conversion rights associated with the
financing, in each case, subject to the beneficial ownership
limitations described above.
The
December 2020 / January 2021 Notes each have a term of six months
and mature in June or July, 2021, as applicable, unless earlier
converted or repurchased. The December 2020 / January 2021 Notes
accrue interest at a rate of 10% per annum, subject to increase to
18% per annum upon and during the occurrence of an event of
default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the holder’s
option, in shares of common stock based on the conversion
price then in effect. We may not prepay the December 2020 / January
2021 Notes without the prior written consent of the applicable
holder.
November 2020 Financing
In November, 2020, we entered into a securities purchase agreement
with three purchasers pursuant to which we issued the November 2020
Notes.
The November 2020 Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an
initial conversion price of $0.20 per share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership
limit of 9.99%). The conversion price is also subject to
adjustment due to certain events, including stock dividends, stock
splits and in connection with the issuance by the Company
of common stock or common stock equivalents at an
effective price per share lower than the conversion rate then in
effect. The November 2020 Notes will be subject to mandatory
conversion in the event of the completion of a future financing in
the amount of at least $15 million at a conversion price equal
to the lesser of (i) the conversion price in effect for the
November 2020 Notes on the date of completion of such financing or
(ii) 75% of the lowest per share price at which common stock
may be issued in connection with any conversion rights associated
with the financing, in each case, subject to the beneficial
ownership limitations described above.
The November 2020 Notes each have a term of six months and mature
in May, 2021, unless earlier converted or repurchased. The November
2020 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 10% per annum, subject to
increase to 18% per annum upon and during the occurrence of an
event of default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the
holder’s option, in shares of common stock based on
the conversion price then in effect. We may not prepay the
November 2020 Notes without the prior written consent of the
applicable holder.
September 2020 Financing
On September 16, 2020, we entered into a securities purchase
agreement with two purchasers pursuant to which we issued the
September 2020 Notes in an aggregate principal amount of
$250,000.
The September 2020 Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an
initial conversion price of $0.20 per share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership limit of
9.99%). The conversion price is also subject to adjustment due to
certain events, including stock dividends, stock splits and in
connection with the issuance by the Company of common stock or
common stock equivalents at an effective price per share lower than
the conversion rate then in effect. The September 2020 Notes will
be subject to mandatory conversion in the event of the completion
of a future financing in the amount of at least $15 million at a
conversion price equal to the lesser of (i) the conversion price in
effect for the September 2020 Notes on the date of completion of
such financing or (ii) 75% of the lowest per share price at which
common stock may be issued in connection with any conversion rights
associated with the financing, in each case, subject to the
beneficial ownership limitations described above.
46
The September 2020 Notes each have a term of six months and mature
on March 16, 2021, unless earlier converted or repurchased. The
September 2020 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 10% per annum,
subject to increase to 18% per annum upon and during the occurrence
of an event of default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the
holder’s option, in shares of common stock based on the
conversion price then in effect. We may not prepay the September
2020 Notes without the prior written consent of the applicable
holder.
July 2020 Financing
On July 7, 2020, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with ten purchasers pursuant to
which we issued the July 2020 Notes in an aggregate principal
amount of approximately $3.2 million.
The July 2020 Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an initial conversion price of $0.20 per
share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership limit of
9.99%). The
conversion
price is also subject to adjustment due to certain events,
including stock dividends, stock splits and in connection with the
issuance by the Company of common stock or
common
stock equivalents at an effective price per share lower than the
conversion rate then in effect.
The July 2020 Notes will be subject to mandatory conversion in the
event of the completion of a future financing in the amount of at
least $15 million at a conversion price equal to the lesser of (i)
the conversion price in effect
for the July 2020 Notes on the date of completion of such financing
or (ii) 75% of the lowest per share price at which
common stock may be issued in
connection with any conversion rights associated with the
financing, in each case, subject to the beneficial ownership
limitations described above.
The July 2020 Notes each have a term of six months and mature on
January 7, 2021, unless earlier converted or repurchased. The July
2020 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 10% per annum, subject to
increase to 18% per annum upon and during the occurrence of an
event of default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the
holder’s option, in shares of common stock based on the conversion price then in effect. We may not prepay
the July 2020 Notes without the prior written consent of the
applicable holder.
May 2020 Financing
Between April 20, 2020 and May 7, 2020, we entered into
securities purchase agreements
with eight purchasers pursuant to which we issued
convertible notes in an
aggregate principal amount of approximately $2.0
million.
The May 2020 Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an initial conversion price of $0.20 per
share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership limit of
9.99%). The
conversion
price is also subject to adjustment due to certain events,
including stock dividends, stock splits and in connection with the
issuance by the Company of common stock or
common
stock equivalents at an effective price per share lower than the
conversion rate then in effect.
The May 2020 Notes will be subject to mandatory conversion in the
event of the completion of a future financing in the amount of at
least $15 million at a conversion price equal to the lesser of (i)
the conversion price in effect
for the May 2020 Notes on the date of completion of such financing
or (ii) 75% of the lowest per share price at which
common stock may be issued in
connection with any conversion rights associated with the
financing, in each case, subject to the beneficial ownership
limitations described above.
The May 2020 Notes each have a term of six months and mature
between October 20, 2020 and November 7, 2020, unless earlier
converted or repurchased. The May 2020 Notes accrue interest at a
rate of 10% per annum, subject to increase to 18% per annum upon
and during the occurrence of an event of default. Interest is
payable in cash or, at the holder’s option, in shares
of common stock based on
the conversion price then in
effect. We may not prepay the May 2020 Notes without the prior
written consent of the applicable holder.
January 2020 Financing
On January 30, 2020, we entered into a securities
purchase agreement with one purchaser
pursuant to which we issued the January 2020 Notes in an aggregate
principal amount of $0.2 million.
47
The January 2020 Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an initial conversion price of $0.20 per
share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership limit of
9.99%). The
conversion
price is also subject to adjustment due to certain events,
including stock dividends, stock splits and in connection with the
issuance by the Company of common stock or
common
stock equivalents at an effective price per share lower than the
conversion rate then in effect.
The January 2020 Notes have a term of eight months and mature on
September 30, 2020, unless earlier converted or repurchased. The
January 2020 Notes accrue interest at a rate of 10% per annum,
subject to increase to 18% per annum upon and during the occurrence
of an event of default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the
holder’s option, in shares of common stock based on the conversion price then in effect. We may not prepay
the January 2020 Notes without the prior written consent of the
holder.
For additional information regarding the terms of our
convertible notes and
debentures, including the Bridge
Notes, and the securities purchase agreements pursuant to which they were
issued, see “Indebtedness—Convertible
Notes/Debentures”
below.
Manufacturing Agreement
Effective October 5, 2020, the Company entered into a Master
Services Agreement (the “MSA”), with Cytovance
Biologics, Inc., (“Cytovance”), a subsidiary of
Shenzhen Hepalink Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. Cytovance is
headquartered in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Under the MSA, the Company will engage Cytovance as the exclusive
manufacture for three of the Company’s TriKE™
therapeutic product candidates. Cytovance will manufacture
TriKE™ using Cytovance’s proprietary Keystone®
bacterial or mammalian expression systems. Subject to the
completion of certain milestones by Cytovance, GT Biopharma has the
option to pay Cytovance up to $6 million for its manufacturing
services in either cash or in shares of the Company’s common
stock valued at the time Cytovance achieves each of several
milestones over the next 12 months.
Forbearance Agreements
Effective as of June 23, 2020, we entered into the Forbearance
Agreements with the holders of approximately $13.2 million
aggregate principal amount of the Default Notes, which are
currently in default. Pursuant to the Forbearance Agreements, the
holders of the Default Notes have agreed to forbear from exercising
their rights and remedies under the Default Notes (including
declaring such Default Notes (together with default amounts and
accrued and unpaid interest) immediately due and payable) until the
earlier of (i) the date that we complete a New Financing or (ii)
the Termination Date.
Pursuant to the Forbearance Agreement, the holders of the Default
Notes have also agreed that the Default Notes (together with
default amounts and accrued and unpaid interest) will be converted
into common stock upon the
closing of a New Financing at a conversion price equal
to the lesser of (i) the conversion price in
effect for the Default Notes on the date of such New Financing or
(ii) 75% of the lowest per share price at which common stock is or may
be issued in connection with such New Financing, in each case,
subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum
ownership limit of 9.99%). Shares of our Series
J-1 Preferred Stock, which are convertible into the
Company’s common stock, will be
issued in lieu of common stock to the
extent that conversion of the Default Notes is prohibited by such
beneficial ownership limitations.
For additional information regarding the terms of the Forbearance
Agreements, see “Indebtedness—Forbearance
Agreements” below.
Extension Agreements
Effective as of November 9, 2020, we entered into the New Financing
with the holders of approximately $[●]
million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding convertible
notes and debentures to extend the maturity date thereof until the
earlier of (i) the date that we complete a future financing in the
amount of at least $15 million and, in connection therewith,
commences listing on NASDAQ or (ii) the Termination
Date.
48
Settlement with Empery Funds
Settlement Agreement
On June 19, 2020, we entered into the Empery Settlement Agreement
with the Empery Funds, Anthony Cataldo and Paul Kessler
resolving all remaining disputes
between the parties pertaining to the Original Securities
issued by the Company to the Empery Funds in January 2018 pursuant
to a securities purchase agreement. See
“Description
of Business—Legal Proceedings.”
As a result of the Empery
Settlement Agreement, the Company paid the Empery Funds cash
payments in an aggregate amount of $0.2 million. In addition,
pursuant to the Empery
Settlement Agreement, the Company issued to the Empery Funds,
solely in exchange for the outstanding Original Securities,
(i) an aggregate of 3.5 million shares of common stock, (ii)
pre-funded warrants to purchase an
aggregate of 5.5 million shares of common stock and (iii)
senior convertible notes in an aggregate
principal amount of $0.45 million.
Settlement Notes
The
Empery Settlement Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of common stock at an initial
conversion rate of $0.20 per share, subject to certain beneficial
ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership limit of 4.99%).
The conversion price is also subject to adjustment due to certain
events, including stock dividends, stock splits and in connection
with the issuance by the Company of common stock or common stock
equivalents at an effective price per share lower than the
conversion rate then in effect.
By way
of the Empery Note Amendments, the maturity date of each Empery
Settlement Note was extended to March 19, 2021. The Empery
Settlement Notes bear interest at a rate of 10% per annum, subject
to increase to 18% per annum upon and during the occurrence of an
event of default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the
holder’s option, in shares of common stock based on the
conversion price then in effect. As a result of the Empery Note
Amendments, the principal amount of each of the Empery Settlement
Notes was increased by fifteen percent (15%). The current
principal amount of the Empery Settlement Notes, after giving
effect to the Empery Note Amendments, is $517,500. By entry into
the Empery Note Amendments, the Empery Funds agreed to refrain from
selling, assigning or otherwise transferring or agreeing to
transfer any securities of the Company, until the earlier of
January 31, 2021 and the date that the Company completes the New
Financing.
Pursuant
to the terms of the Empery Settlement Notes, the Company is
required to make an offer to repurchase, at the holder’s
option, the Empery Settlement Notes at price in cash equal to 100%
of the aggregate principal amount of the Empery Settlement Note
plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the
date of repurchase following the consummation by the Company of a
capital raising transactions, or a series of transactions,
resulting in aggregate gross proceeds to the Company in excess of
$7.5 million. The Company may not otherwise prepay the Empery
Settlement Notes without the prior written consent of the
applicable Empery Funds.
For
additional information regarding the terms of the Settlement Notes
and Settlement Agreement, see “
Indebtedness—Convertible
Notes/Debentures” below.
Settlement Warrants
The Settlement Warrants provide for the purchase of up to an
aggregate of 5.5 million shares of common stock at an
exercise price of $0.20 per share, subject to adjustment in certain
circumstances, and expire on June 19, 2025. Exercise of the
warrant is
subject to certain additional terms and conditions, including
certain beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership limit of
4.99%).
Theorem Settlement
Settlement Agreement
On
November 9, 2020, the Company, entered into the Theorem Settlement
Agreement with the Claimants resolving all remaining disputes and
claims between the parties pertaining to certain securities
purchase agreements pursuant to which the Claimants purchased from
the Company convertible warrants and preferred stock. As a result
of the Theorem Settlement Agreement, the Company has agreed to
issue the Theorem Settlement Notes. The Theorem Settlement
Agreement also contains certain representations and warranties and
covenants, including limitations on future variable rate
transactions and “at-the-market
offerings.”
Settlement Notes
The
Theorem Settlement Notes are convertible, at the option of the
applicable Claimant, at any time into shares of common stock at an
initial conversion rate of $0.20 per share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations. The conversion price is also
subject to adjustment due to certain events, including stock
dividends, stock splits and in connection with the issuance by the
Company of common stock or common stock equivalents at an effective
price per share lower than the conversion rate then in effect. By
way of the Theorem Note Amendments, the Theorem Settlement Notes
maturity date was extended to February 15, 2021. The Theorem
Settlement Notes bear interest at a rate of 10% per annum, subject
to increase to 18% per annum upon and during the occurrence of an
event of default. Interest is payable in cash or, at the
holder’s option, in shares of common stock based on the
conversion price then in effect. The Company may not prepay the
Theorem Settlement Notes without the prior written consent of the
applicable Claimant.
49
The
Theorem Settlement Notes contain a number of other affirmative and
negative covenants and events of default (including events of
default related to certain change of control and other fundamental
change transactions). Following an event of default, the Theorem
Settlement Notes will become immediately due and payable in cash at
a mandatory default amount equal to 130% of the outstanding
principal amount of the Theorem Settlement Notes plus all other
amounts, costs and expenses due in respect of the Theorem
Settlement Notes.
Alto B Settlement
Settlement Agreement
On
December 22, 2020, the Company entered into the Alto B Settlement
Agreement with Alto B, Anthony Cataldo and Paul Kessler resolving
all remaining disputes and claims between the parties pertaining to
the Alto B Original Securities issued by the Company to Alto B in
January 2018.
As a
result of the Alto B Settlement Agreement, the Company has agreed
to pay Alto B a cash payment in the amount of $180,000. In
addition, pursuant to the Alto B Settlement Agreement, the Company
has agreed to issue Alto B, solely in exchange for the outstanding
Alto B Original Securities, the Alto B Settlement Securities. In
connection with the exchange, the Alto B Original Securities will
be cancelled and extinguished.
The
Alto B Settlement Agreement also contains certain representations
and warranties and covenants, including limitations on future
variable rate transactions and “at-the-market
offerings.”
Settlement Notes
The
Alto B Settlement Note is convertible, at the option of Alto B, at
any time into shares of common stock of the Company at an initial
conversion rate of $0.20 per share, subject to certain beneficial
ownership limitations. The conversion price is also subject to
adjustment due to certain events, including stock dividends, stock
splits and in connection with the issuance by the Company of common
stock or common stock equivalents at an effective price per share
lower than the conversion rate then in effect. By way of the Alto B
Note Amendment, the Alto B Settlement Note maturity date was
extended to February 15, 2021. The Alto B Settlement Note bears
interest at a rate of 10% per annum, subject to increase to 18% per
annum upon and during the occurrence of an event of default.
Interest is payable in cash or, at the holder’s option, in
shares of common stock based on the conversion price then in
effect.
Pursuant
to the terms of the Alto B Settlement Note, the Company is required
to make an offer to repurchase, at the option of Alto B, the Alto B
Settlement Note at price in cash equal to 100% of the aggregate
principal amount of the Alto B Settlement Note plus accrued and
unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the date of repurchase
following the consummation by the Company of a capital raising
transactions, or a series of transactions, resulting in aggregate
gross proceeds to the Company in excess of $7.5 million. The
Company may not prepay the Alto B Settlement Note without the prior
written consent of Alto B.
The
Alto B Settlement Note contains a number of other affirmative and
negative covenants and events of default (including events of
default related to certain change of control and other fundamental
change transactions). Following an event of default, the Alto B
Settlement Note will become immediately due and payable in cash at
a mandatory default amount equal to 130% of the outstanding
principal amount of the Alto B Settlement Note plus all other
amounts, costs and expenses due in respect of the Alto B Settlement
Note.
Collaboration Agreement
On March 10, 2020, we entered into a collaboration
agreement
with Cytovance®
Biologics, a USA-based contract development and manufacturing
organization and a subsidiary of Hepalink, to provide development
services for a TriKE therapeutic for
the treatment of the coronavirus infection. Under the terms of the
collaboration agreement, the
companies
will focus on preparing sufficient quantities of our
coronavirus TriKE drug
product for
preclinical evaluation using Cytovance’s E.
coli-based Keystone
Expression System™ and
subsequently, will scale-up production using Cytovance’s GMP
microbial manufacturing platform for evaluation of
TriKE in
humans to treat the coronavirus infection.
50
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and
2019
Research and Development Expenses
During the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we
incurred $0.0 and $0.6 thousand of research and development
expenses, respectively. Research and development costs decreased,
less clinical expenses. We anticipate our direct clinical
costs will increase in
the last quarter of 2020 with the
continuation of our Phase I clinical trial of our most
advanced TriKe product
candidate, GTB-3550.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
During the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we
incurred $2 million and $3.6 million of selling, general and
administrative expenses, respectively. The decrease in
selling, general and administrative expenses is primarily
attributable the reduction of payroll and stock compensation
expenses.
Loss on impairment
For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded
an intangible asset impairment charge of $4.6 million related to
the portfolio of CNS IPR&D assets, which represents the excess
carrying value compared to fair value. The impairment charge was
the result the sale of certain assets and prioritization for
immuno-oncology development candidates.
Interest Expense
Interest expenses were $0.9
million and $0.6 million for the three months ended September 30,
2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase is primarily
due to the accrual of default
interest under the Default
Notes.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and
2019
Research and Development Expenses
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we
incurred $252 thousand and $1.7 million of research and development
expenses, respectively. Research and development costs decreased
due primarily to the reduction
of employee, consultant and preclinical expenses. We anticipate our
direct clinical costs will
increase in the
4th
quarter of 2020 upon the continuation
of our Phase I clinical trial of our most advanced
TriKE product candidate,
GTB-3550.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we
incurred $4.3 million and $8.9 million of selling, general and
administrative expenses, respectively. The decrease in
selling, general and administrative expenses is primarily
attributable the reduction of payroll and stock compensation
expenses.
Loss on impairment
For the three months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded
an intangible asset impairment charge of $4.6 million related to
the portfolio of CNS IPR&D assets, which represents the excess
carrying value compared to the fair value. The impairment charge
was the result of the sale of certain assets and prioritization for
immuno-oncology development candidates.
Interest Expense
Interest expenses were $6.2
million and $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30,
2020 and 2019, respectively. The increase is primarily
due to the accrual of default
interest under the Default
Notes.
51
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company’s current operations have focused on business
planning, raising capital, establishing an intellectual property
portfolio, hiring and conducting preclinical studies and clinical
trials. The Company does not have any product candidates approved
for sale and has not generated any revenue from product sales. The
Company has sustained operating losses since inception and expects
such losses to continue over the foreseeable future. During the
nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company raised $5.7
million through a series of issuances of Convertible
Notes. We anticipate that cash
utilized for selling, general and administrative expenses will
range between $1 and $2 million in the coming quarters, while
research and development expenses will vary depending on clinical
activities. The Company is pursuing several alternatives to address
this situation, including the raising of additional funding through
equity or debt financings. In order to finance existing operations
and pay current liabilities over the next 12 months, the Company
will need to raise an additional $18 million of
capital.
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared on a
going-concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets
and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of
business. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include any
adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to
continue in existence.
The Company has incurred substantial losses and negative cash flows
from operations since its inception and has an accumulated deficit
of $580 million and cash of $350 thousand as of September 30, 2020.
The Company anticipates incurring additional losses until such
time, if ever, that it can generate significant sales or revenue
from out-licensing of its products currently in development.
Substantial additional financing will be needed by the Company to
fund its operations and to commercially develop its product
candidates. These factors raise substantial doubt about the
Company’s ability to continue as a going
concern.
Management is currently evaluating different strategies to obtain
the required funding for future operations. These strategies may
include but are not limited to: public offerings of equity and/or
debt securities, payments from potential strategic research and
development, licensing and/or marketing arrangements with
pharmaceutical companies.
Management has also implemented cost saving efforts, including
reduction in executive salaries and reduced travel. Management
believes that these ongoing and planned financing endeavors, if
successful, will provide adequate financial resources to continue
as a going concern for at least the next nine months from the date
the financial statements are issued; however, there can be no
assurance in this regard. If the Company is unable to secure
adequate additional funding, its business, operating results,
financial condition and cash flows may be materially and adversely
affected.
Indebtedness
Convertible Notes/Debentures
As of the date of this prospectus, after giving effect to (i) the
issuance of the December 2020/January 2021 Notes, the November 2020
Notes, the September 2020 Notes, the July 2020 Notes and the May
2020 Notes and (ii) the issuance of the Settlement Notes, we had
approximately $38.8 million aggregate principal amount of
convertible notes and
debentures outstanding that were
issued pursuant to securities purchase agreements (or, in the case of the
Settlement Notes, the
applifcable Settlement Agreement) entered into with numerous
investors.
The convertible notes
and debentures are convertible
at any time, at the holder’s option, into shares of
our common stock at an initial
conversion rate, subject to certain beneficial ownership
limitations (which vary between maximum ownership of between 4.99%
and 9.99%). The conversion
price is also generally subject to adjustment due to certain
events, including stock dividends, stock splits and in connection
with the issuance by the Company of common stock or common stock equivalents at an effective price per
share lower than the conversion rate then in effect. The
conversion price for each of our
outstanding convertible notes
and debentures is currently
$0.20 per share. In addition, the July 2020 Notes and the May 2020
Notes will be subject to mandatory conversion in connection with
the completion of a future financing in the amount of at least $15
million, subject to the beneficial ownership limitations described
above.
52
The convertible notes
and debentures generally have
terms of six months to one year. The convertible
notes and debentures each accrue interest at a rate of 10%
per annum, subject to increase to 18% per annum upon and during the
occurrence of an event of default with respect to certain of our
convertible notes and
debentures. Interest is payable in
cash or, with respect to certain of our convertible
notes and debentures, and at the holder’s option, in
shares of common stock based on
the conversion price then in
effect.
Pursuant to the terms of the Settlement Notes, the Company is required to make an offer to
repurchase, at the holder’s option, the Settlement
Notes at price in cash equal to 100%
of the aggregate principal amount of the Settlement
Note plus accrued and unpaid interest,
if any, to, but excluding, the date of repurchase following the
consummation by the Company of a capital raising transactions, or a
series of transactions, resulting in aggregate gross proceeds to
the Company in excess of $7.5 million. Generally, we otherwise do
not have the right to prepay any of the convertible
notes and debentures without the prior written consent of
the holders of such securities.
The convertible notes
and debentures contain a number
of affirmative and negative covenants and customary events of
default. See “Risk Factors—Risks
Related to Our Business—Our current and future indebtedness
may impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us
and affect our ability to access liquidity.”
The securities purchase
agreements and Settlement Agreement, as applicable, also generally
contain certain ongoing covenants of the Company, including rights
of participation in certain future financing transactions,
limitations on future variable
rate transactions at “at-the-market” offerings and
“most favored nation” provisions giving holders of
certain of the convertible notes and debentures the benefit of any terms or conditions
under which the Company agrees to issue or sell any
common stock or common stock equivalents that are more favorable
to an investor than the terms and conditions granted to such holder
under the applicable securities purchase agreement and the transactions
contemplated thereby.
The convertible notes
and debentures are senior
obligations of the Company. In addition, approximately $1.4 million
aggregate principal amount of the convertible note and debenture are secured by a first priority security
interest in substantially all
of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries. Certain
convertible note and
debentures are also secured by
individual pledges by certain of our current and former officers
and directors of our common
stock owned by such officer and directors.
For additional information about our convertible
notes and debentures, see Note 2 to our unaudited financial
statements, Debt.
Forbearance Agreements
Effective as of June 23, 2020, we entered into the Forbearance
Agreements with the holders of $13.2 million aggregate principal
amount of the Default Notes, which are currently in default.
Pursuant to the Forbearance Agreements, the holders of the Default
Notes have agreed to forbear from exercising their rights and
remedies under the Default Notes (including declaring such Default
Notes (together with default amounts and accrued and unpaid
interest) immediately due and payable) until the earlier of (i) the
date that we complete a New Financing or (ii) the Termination Date.
As a result of the ongoing default, the Default Notes are currently
accruing interest at the default rate of 18% per annum and have
also accrued defaults in an aggregate amount of $3.9
million.
The obligations of the holders to forbear from exercising their
rights and remedies under the Default Notes pursuant to the
Forbearance Agreements will terminate on the earliest of (i) the
Termination Date, (ii) the date of any bankruptcy filing by the
Company or its subsidiaries, (iii) the date on which the Company
defaults on any of the terms and conditions of the Forbearance
Agreements or (iv) the date the Forbearance Agreements are
otherwise terminated or expire.
The Forbearance Agreements contain various customary and other
representations, warranties and covenants of the Company and the
holders of the Default Notes, including an agreement that the
Default Notes (together with default amounts and accrued and unpaid
interest) will be converted into common stock upon the
closing of a New Financing at a conversion price equal
to the lesser of (i) the conversion price in
effect for the Default Notes on the date of such New Financing or
(ii) 75% of the lowest per share price at which common stock is or may
be issued in connection with such New Financing, in each case,
subject to certain beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum
ownership limit of 9.99%). Shares of our Series
J-1 Preferred Stock, which are convertible into the
Company’s common stock, will be
issued in lieu of common stock to the
extent that conversion of the Default Notes is prohibited by such
beneficial ownership limitations.
53
Gemini Financing Agreement
On November 8, 2010, the Company entered into a financing
arrangement with Gemini Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a
product development and manufacturing
partner of the Company, pursuant to which Gemini Pharmaceuticals
made a $250,000 strategic equity investment in the Company and
agreed to make a $750,000 purchase order line of credit facility
available to the Company. The outstanding principal of
all advances under the line of credit
bear interest at the rate of interest of prime plus 2% per annum.
There is $31,000 due on this credit line at September 30,
2020.
Critical Accounting Policies
We consider the following accounting policies to be critical given
they involve estimates and judgments made by management and are
important for our investors’ understanding of our operating
results and financial condition.
Basis of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements contained in this report
include the accounts of GT Biopharma, Inc. and its
subsidiaries. All intercompany
balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Long-Lived Assets
Our long-lived assets include property, plant and equipment,
capitalized costs of filing patent applications and goodwill and
other assets. We evaluate our long-lived assets for impairment in
accordance with Accounting
Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360, whenever events or
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such
assets may not be recoverable. Estimates of future cash flows and
timing of events for evaluating long-lived assets for impairment
are based upon management’s judgment. If any of our
intangible or long-lived assets are considered to be impaired, the
amount of impairment to be recognized is the excess of the carrying
amount of the assets over its fair value.
Applicable long-lived assets are amortized or depreciated over the
shorter of their estimated useful lives, the estimated period that
the assets will generate revenue, or the statutory or contractual
term in the case of patents. Estimates of useful lives and periods
of expected revenue generation are reviewed periodically for
appropriateness and are based upon management’s judgment.
Goodwill and other assets are not amortized.
Certain Expenses and Liabilities
On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates related to
certain expenses and accrued liabilities. We base our estimates on
historical experience and on various other assumptions that we
believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of
which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values
of liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.
Actual results may differ materially from these estimates under
different assumptions or conditions.
Inflation
We believe that inflation has not had a material adverse impact on
our business or operating results during the periods
presented.
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31,
2020.
54
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS
We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and
commercialization of novel immuno-oncology products based off our proprietary
Tri-specific Killer Engager
(TriKE™) and Tetra-specific Killer Engager (TetraKE™).
Our TriKE and TetraKE platforms
generate proprietary therapeutics designed to harness and enhance
the cancer killing abilities of a patient’s own NK cells.
Once bound to an NK cell, our moieties are designed to enhance the
NK cell and precisely direct it to one or more
specifically-targeted proteins expressed on a specific type of
cancer cell or virus infected cell, ultimately resulting in the
targeted cell’s death. TriKEs and TetraKEs are made up of recombinant
fusion proteins, can be designed to target any number of tumor
antigens on hematologic malignancies, sarcomas or solid tumors and
do not require patient-specific customization.
We are using our TriKE and
TetraKE platforms with the intent to bring to market
immuno-oncology products that
can treat a range of hematologic malignancies, sarcoma and solid
tumors. The platforms are scalable, and we are putting processes in
place to be able to produce IND-ready moieties in a timely manner
after a specific TriKE or
TetraKE conceptual design. After conducting market and competitive
research, specific moieties can then be advanced into the clinic on
our own or through potential collaborations with larger
companies. We are also evaluating, in
conjunction with our Scientific
Advisory Board, additional moieties designed to target different
tumor antigens. We believe our TriKEs and TetraKEs may have the ability, if
approved for marketing, to be used on a stand-alone basis, augment
the current monoclonal antibody therapeutics, be used in
conjunction with more traditional cancer therapy and potentially
overcome certain limitations of current CAR-T
therapy.
We are also using our TriKE and
TetraKE platforms to develop therapeutics useful for the treatment
of infectious disease such as for the treatment of patients
infected by HIV. While the use of anti-retroviral drugs has
substantially improved the health and increased the longevity of
individuals infected with HIV, these drugs are designed to suppress
virus replication to help modulate progression to AIDS and to limit
further transmission of the virus. Despite the use of
anti-retroviral drugs, infected individuals retain reservoirs of
latent HIV-infected cells that, upon cessation of anti-retroviral
drug therapy, can reactivate and reestablish an active HIV
infection. For a curative therapy, destruction of these latent HIV
infected cells must take place. The HIV-TriKE contains the antigen binding fragment
(Fab) from a broadly-neutralizing antibody targeting the
HIV-Env protein. The
HIV-TriKE is designed to target HIV
while redirecting NK cell killing specifically to actively
replicating HIV infected cells. The HIV-TriKE induced NK cell proliferation and
demonstrated the ability in vitro to reactivate and kill
HIV-infected T-cells. These findings indicate a potential role for
the HIV-TriKE in the
reactivation and elimination of the latently infected HIV reservoir
cells by harnessing the NK cell’s ability to mediate the
ADCC.
Our initial work has been conducted in collaboration with
the Masonic Cancer Center at
the University of Minnesota under a program led by Dr. Jeffrey
Miller, the Deputy Director.
Dr. Miller is a recognized leader in the field of NK cell and IL-15
biology and their therapeutic potential. We have exclusive rights
to the TriKE and TetraKE
platforms and are generating additional intellectual property
around specific moieties.
Immuno-Oncology Platform
Tri-specific Killer Engagers (TriKEs)
and Tetra-specific Killer
Engagers (TetraKEs)
The generation of chimeric antigen receptor (“CAR”)
expressing T cells from monoclonal antibodies has represented an
important step forward in cancer therapy. These therapies involve
the genetic engineering of T cells to express either CARs, or T
cell receptors, (“TCRs”), and are designed such that
the modified T cells can recognize and destroy cancer cells. While
a great deal of interest has recently been placed upon CAR-T
therapy, it has certain limitations for broad potential
applicability because it can require an individual approach that is
expensive and time consuming, and may be difficult to apply on a
large scale. NK cells represent an important immunotherapeutic
target as they are involved in tumor immune-surveillance, can
mediate ADCC, contain pre-made granules with perforin and granzyme
B and can quickly secrete inflammatory cytokines, and unlike T
cells they do not require antigen priming and can kill cells in the
absence of major histocompatibility complex (“MHC”)
presentation of antigens. We believe there is a continued unmet
medical need for targeted immuno-oncology therapies that can have
the potential to be dosed in a patient-friendly outpatient setting,
can be used on a stand-alone basis, augment the current monoclonal
antibody therapeutics or be used in conjunction with more
traditional cancer therapy. We believe our TriKE and TetraKE constructs have this potential
and therefore we have generated, and intend to continue to
generate, a pipeline of product
candidates to be advanced into the clinic on our own or through
potential collaborations with larger companies.
55
GTB-3550 TriKE™ and GTB-3550 TriKE™ Phase I/II Clinical
Trial
GTB-3550 is the Company’s first TriKE™ product candidate which is a single-chain,
tri-specific recombinant fusion protein construct composed of the
variable regions of the heavy and light chains of anti-CD16 and
anti-CD33 antibodies and a modified form of IL-15. The
GTB-3550 Phase I/II clinical
trial for treatment of patients with CD33-expressing, high
risk MDSs, refractory/relapsed
acute myeloid leukemia or advanced systemic mastocytosis opened for
patient enrollment September 2019. The clinical trial is being
conducted at the University of
Minnesota’s Masonic Cancer Center in Minneapolis, Minnesota
under the direction of Dr. Erica Warlick.
NK cells represent an important immunotherapeutic target as they
are involved in tumor immune-surveillance, can mediate ADCC,
contain pre-made granules with perforin and granzyme B and can
quickly secrete inflammatory cytokines, and unlike T cells they do
not require antigen priming and can kill cells in the absence of
MHC presentation.
Unlike full-length antibodies, TriKEs and TetraKEs are small single-chain fusion
proteins that bind the CD16 receptor of NK cells directly producing
a potent and lasting response, as demonstrated by preclinical
studies. An additional benefit they may have is attractive
biodistribution, as a consequence of their smaller size, which we
expect to be important in the treatment of solid tumors. In
addition to these advantages, TriKEs and TetraKEs are designed to be
non-immunogenic, have appropriate clearance properties and can be
engineered quickly to target a variety of tumor
antigens.
Background and Select Non-Clinical Data
In conjunction with our research agreement with the Masonic Cancer Center at the University of
Minnesota, the exploration of targeting NK cells to a variety of
tumors initially focused on novel bi-specific killer engagers
(“BiKEs”) composed of the variable portions of
antibodies targeting the CD16 activating receptor on NK cells and
CD33 (AML and MDS; see figure below), CD19/CD22 (B cell lymphomas),
or EpCAM (epithelial tumors
(breast, colon and lung)) on the tumor cells.
Subsequently, a tri-specific (TriKE) construct that replaced the
linker molecule between the CD16 scFv and
the CD33 scFv with a modified IL-15 molecule, containing
flanking sequences, was generated and tested. Data indicate that
the CD16 x IL-15 x CD33 and CD16 x IL-15 x EpCAM TriKEs potently induce proliferation of
healthy donor NK cells, possibly greater than that induced by
exogenous IL-15, which is absent in the BiKE platform. Targeted
delivery of the IL-15 through the TriKE also resulted in specific expansion of the
NK cells without inducing T cell expansion on post-transplant
patient samples.
56
When compared to the CD16 x CD33 BiKE, the CD16 x IL-15 x CD33 TriKE is also capable of potently restoring
killing capacity of post-transplant NK cells against
CD33-expressing HL-60 targets
and primary AML blasts. These results demonstrated the ability to
functionally incorporate an IL-5 cytokine into the BiKE platform
and also demonstrated the possibility of targeting a variety of
cytokines directly to NK cells while reducing off-target effects
and the amount of cytokines needed to obtain biologically relevant
function.
The figure below is a schematic of a BiKE construct (top) and
a TriKE construct (bottom),
which has the modified IL-15 linker between the CD16 scFv and
the CD33 scFv components.
The TriKE constructs were also
tested against three separate human tumor cell lines: HL-60
(promyelocitic leukemia), Raji
(Burkitt’s lymphoma) and HT29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), in
addition to a model for ovarian cancer. All cell lines contained the Luc reporter to allow for in vivo imaging of the
tumors. These systems were used to show in vivo efficacy of BiKEs
(1633) and TriKEs (GTB-3550)
against relevant human tumor targets (HL-60-luc) over an extended
period of time. The system consisted of initial conditioning of
mice using radiation (250-275 cGy), followed by injection of the tumor cells
(I.V. for HL-60-luc and Raji-luc, intra-splenic for HT29-luc and IP for
ovarian for MA-148-luc), a three-day growth phase, injection of
human NK cells and repeated injection of the drugs of
interest, BiKE and TriKE (three
to five times a week). Imaging was carried out at day 7, 14 and 21,
and extended as needed.
Figure A below shows the results (tumor burden and mortality) when
dosing NK cells alone (top panel), the BiKE version (lacking IL-15)
of GTB-3550 (middle panel; called 1633) and the TriKE, GTB-3550 (bottom panel; then called 161533)
in the above described human tumor model, HL-60-luc. In the
NK-cell-only arm, two out of the five mice were dead by day 21 with
two of the surviving mice having extensive tumor burden as depicted
by the colored images. In contrast, all five mice in each of the BiKE and TriKE arms survived. In addition, the
tumor burden in the TriKE-treated mice was significantly less than in
the BiKE-treated mice,
demonstrating the improved efficacy from NK cells in the
TriKE-treated
mice.
57
Based on these results, and others, the IND for GTB-3550 was filed
in June 2017 by the University of Minnesota. The FDA requested that
additional preclinical toxicology be conducted prior to initiating
clinical trials. The FDA also requested some additional information
and clarifications on the manufacturing and clinical packages. The
requested additional information and clarifications were completed
and incorporated by us into the IND in eCTD format. We filed the IND amendment in
June 2018 and announced on November 1, 2018 that we had received
notification from the FDA that the IND was open and the Company was
authorized to initiate a first-in-human Phase I study with GTB-3550 in AML, MDS and severe
mastocytosis. We began the Phase I clinical trial in January
2020.
Generation of humanized single-domain
antibody targeting CD16 for incorporation into the
TriKE platform
To develop second generation TriKEs, we designed a new humanized CD16 engager
derived from a single-domain antibody. While scFvs consist of a heavy and a light variable
chain joined by a linker, single-domain antibodies consist of a
single variable heavy chain capable of engaging without the need of
a light chain counterpart (see figure below).
58
These single-domain antibodies are thought to have certain
attractive features for antibody engineering, including physical
stability, ability to bind deep grooves and increased production
yields, amongst others. Pre-clinical studies demonstrated increased
activity (NK Cell Degranulation) and functionality (NC Cell
Cytokine Production) of the single-domain CD16 TriKE (GTB-C3550) compared to the
original TriKE (GTB-3550) (see
figure below). This data was presented at the 2017
American Society of Hematology
Conference.
Targeting Solid Tumors and Other Potentially Attractive
Characteristics
Unlike full-length antibodies, TriKEs and TetraKEs are small single-chain fusion
proteins that bind the CD16 receptor of NK cells directly producing
a potentially more potent and lasting response as demonstrated by
preclinical studies. An additional benefit that they may have is an
attractive biodistribution, because of their smaller size, which we
expect to be important in the treatment of solid tumors. In
addition to these potential advantages, TriKEs and TetraKEs are designed to be
non-immunogenic, have appropriate clearance properties and can be
engineered quickly to target a variety of tumor antigens. We
believe these attributes make them an ideal pharmaceutical platform
for potentiated NK cell-based immunotherapies and have the
potential to overcome some of the limitations of CAR-T therapy and
other antibody therapies.
Examples of our earlier stage solid tumor targeting
product candidates are focused
on EpCAM, Her2, Mesothelin (mesothelioma and lung adenocarcinoma)
and CD133 alone and in combination. We believe certain of these
constructs have the potential to target prostate, breast, colon,
ovarian, liver, and head and neck cancers. Depending on the
availability of drug supply, we hope to initiate human clinical
testing for certain of our solid tumor product candidates later this
year.
Efficient Advancement of Potential Future Product Candidates -
Production and Scale Up
We are using our TriKE and
TetraKE platforms with the intent to bring to market multiple
immuno-oncology products that
can treat a range of hematologic malignancies, sarcomas and solid
tumors. The platforms are scalable and we are currently working
with several third parties investigating the optimal expression
system of the TriKEs and
TetraKE constructs which we expect to be part of a process in which
we are able to produce IND-ready moieties in approximately 90-120
days after the construct conceptual design.
After conducting market and competitive research, specific moieties
can then be rapidly advanced into the clinic on our own or through
potential collaborations with larger companies. We are currently evaluating over a
dozen moieties and intend to announce additional clinical
product
candidates.
59
We believe our TriKEs and
TetraKEs will have the ability, if approved for marketing, to be
used on a stand-alone basis, augment the current monoclonal
antibody therapeutics, or be used in conjunction with more
traditional cancer therapy and potentially overcome certain
limitations of current CAR-T therapy.
Immuno-Oncology Product Candidates
Our TriKE product candidates, GTB-3550 and GTB-C3550, are
single-chain, tri-specific scFv
recombinant fusion proteins composed of the variable regions of the
heavy and light chains (or heavy chain only) of anti-CD16
antibodies, wild-type or a modified form of IL-15 and the variable
regions of the heavy and light chains of an antibody designed to
precisely target a specific tumor antigen. We utilize the NK
stimulating cytokine human IL-15 as a crosslinker between the
two scFvs which is designed to
provide a self-sustaining signal leading to the proliferation and
activation of NK cells thus enhancing their ability to kill cancer
cells mediated by ADCC.
Our TetraKE product candidates are single-chain fusion
proteins composed of human single-domain anti-CD16 antibody,
wild-type IL-15 and the variable regions of the heavy and light
chains of two antibodies that are designed to target two specific
tumor antigens expressed on specific types of cancer cells. An
example of a TetraKE
product candidate is GTB-1615 which is
designed to target EpCAM and
CD133 positive solid tumors. EpCAM is found on many solid tumor cells of
epithelial origin and CD133 is a marker for cancer stem cells.
GTB-1615 is designed to enable a patient’s NK cells to kill
not only the heterogeneous population of cancer cells found in many
solid tumors but also kill the cancer stem cells that can be
responsible for recurrences.
In addition, we have recently terminated further development of
GTB-1550, which targets CD19+ and/or CD22+ hematological
malignancies following completion of the Phase II component of a Phase I/II NHL/ALL trial.
GTB-3550
GTB-3550 is our first TriKE product
candidate. It is a single-chain, tri-specific scFv recombinant fusion protein conjugate composed
of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of anti-CD16
and anti-CD33 antibodies and a modified form of IL-15. We intend to
study this anti-CD16-IL-15-anti-CD33 TriKE in CD33 positive
leukemias, a marker expressed on tumor cells in AML, MDS, and other
hematopoietic malignancies. CD33 is primarily a myeloid
differentiation antigen with endocytic properties broadly expressed
on AML blasts and, possibly, some leukemic stem cells. CD33
or Siglec-3 (sialic acid
binding Ig-like lectin 3,
SIGLEC3, SIGLEC3, gp67, p67) is a transmembrane receptor expressed
on cells of myeloid lineage. It is usually considered
myeloid-specific, but it can also be found on some lymphoid cells.
The anti-CD33 antibody fragment that will be used for these studies
was derived from the M195 humanized anti-CD33 scFV and has been
used in multiple human clinical studies. It has been exploited as
target for therapeutic antibodies for many years. We believe the
recent approval of the antibody-drug conjugate gemtuzumab validates
this targeted approach.
The GTB-3550 IND will focus on AML. These patients typically
receive frontline therapy, usually chemotherapy, including
cytarabine and an anthracycline, a therapy that has not changed in
over 40 years. About half will have relapses and require
alternative therapies. In addition, MDS incidence rates have
dramatically increased in the population of the United States from
3.3 per 100,000 individuals from 2001-2004 to 70 per 100,000
annually, MDS is especially prevalent in elderly patients that have
a median age of 76 years at diagnosis. The survival of patients
with MDS is poor due to decreased eligibility, as a result of
advanced age, for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
(Allo-HSCT), the only curative MDS treatment (Cogle CR. Incidence
and Burden of the Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Curr Hematol Malig
Rep. 2015; 10(3):272-281). We
believe GTB-3550 could serve as a relatively safe, cost-effective
and easy-to-use therapy for resistant/relapsing AML and could also
be combined with chemotherapy as frontline therapy thus targeting
the larger market.
The IND for GTB-3550 was filed in June 2017 by the University of
Minnesota. The FDA requested that additional preclinical toxicology
be conducted prior to initiating clinical trials. The FDA also
requested some additional information and clarifications on the
manufacturing and clinical packages. The requested additional
information and clarifications were completed and incorporated by
us into the IND in eCTD format.
We filed the IND amendment in June 2018 and announced on November
1, 2018 that we had received notification from the FDA that the IND
was open and the Company was authorized to initiate a
first-in-human Phase I study
with GTB-3550 in AML, MDS and severe mastocytosis. We began
the Phase I clinical trial in
January 2020.
60
GTB-C3550
GTB-C3550 is a next-generation, follow-on, to our lead
TriKE, GTB-3550. GTB-C3550 contains a
modified CD16 moiety which has improved binding characteristics and
enhanced tumor cell killing based on functional assays and animal
models of AML. Using our platform technology, we substituted the
anti-CD16 scFv arm in GTB-3550
with a novel humanized single-domain anti-CD16 antibody to create
this second-generation molecule which may have improved
functionality. Single-domain antibodies, such as GTB-C3550,
typically have several advantages, including better stability and
solubility, more resistance to pH changes, can better recognize
hidden antigenic sites, lack of a VL portion thus preventing VH/VL
mispairing and are suitable for construction of larger molecules.
GTB-C3550 induced a potent increase in NK cell degranulation,
measured by CD107a expression
against HL-60 AML tumor targets when compared to our
first-generation TriKE
(70.75±3.65% vs. 30.75±5.05%). IFN production was
similarly enhanced (29.2±1.8% vs. 6.55±1.07%). GTB-C3550
also exhibited a robust increase in NK cell proliferation
(57.65±6.05% vs. 20.75±2.55%). GTB-3550 studies will help
inform the development of GTB-C3550 which we expect will de-risk
the GTB-C3550 program as data will be generated to make an informed
decision on which, or both, will be brought into later phase
studies.
GTB-1615
GTB-1615 is an example of our first-generation TetraKEs designed for the treatment of solid
tumors. It is a single-chain fusion protein composed of
CD16-IL15-EpCAM-CD133. EpCAM is
found on many solid tumor cells of epithelial origin and CD133 is a
marker for cancer stem cells. This TetraKE is designed to target not only the
heterogeneous population of cancer cells found in solid tumors but
also the cancer stem cells that are typically responsible for
recurrences. Depending on the availability of drug supply, we hope
to initiate human clinical testing for certain of our solid
tumor product candidates later
this year.
Our Strategy
Our goal is to be a leader in immuno-oncology therapies targeting a
broad range of indications including hematological malignancies,
sarcoma and solid tumors. Key elements of our strategy are
to:
Rapidly advanced our
Tri-specific Killer Engagers (TriKEs),
GTB-3550 and GTB-C3550
Our TriKE and TetraKE
product candidates have the potential
to be groundbreaking therapies targeting a broad range of
hematologic malignancies, sarcomas and solid tumors. We are
preparing to study GTB-3550, an anti-CD16-IL-15-anti-CD33 TriKE in
CD33 positive leukemias, a marker expressed on tumor cells in AML,
MDS and other myeloid malignancies. We began a Phase I clinical trial in the fourth quarter of
2019 in patients with relapsed/refractory AML. The
Phase I trial will be a dose finding
study. We expect this will be closely followed by
Phase II trials to determine the most
efficacious dosing and cycles with the aim to maximize efficacy
while minimizing on-target, off-disease adverse
events.
GTB-C3550 contains a humanized single-domain anti-CD16 moiety which
demonstrated improved binding characteristics and enhanced tumor
cell killing based on functional assays and animal models of
AML.
We have designed GTB-3550 and GTB-C3550, if approved for marketing,
to serve as a relatively safe, cost-effective and easy-to-use
therapies for resistant/relapsing AML or MDS which could also be
combined with chemotherapy as frontline therapy thus targeting a
broad AML/MDS market.
GTB-C3550 is a next-generation, follow-on, to our lead
TriKE, GTB-3550. GTB-3550 studies will
help inform the development of GTB-C3550. We believe this will
de-risk the GTB-C3550 program as the data being generated will help
to make informed decisions on which, or both, will be brought into
later phase studies and in which patient
populations.
Utilize our TriKE and TetraKE platform technologies to develop
a robust pipeline of targeted immuno-oncology products targeting a wide range of hematologic
malignancies, sarcomas and solid tumors for development on our own
and through potential collaborations with larger
pharmaceutical companies
61
We are using our TriKE and
TetraKE platforms with the intent to bring to market multiple,
targeted, off-the-shelf therapies that can treat a range of
hematologic malignancies, sarcomas and solid tumors. The platforms
are scalable and we are currently working with several third
parties investigating the optimal expression system of the
TriKEs and TetraKE constructs which we
expect to be part of a process in which we are able to produce
IND-ready moieties in approximately 90-120 days after the construct
conceptual design. After conducting market and competitive
research, specific moieties can then be rapidly advanced into the
clinic on our own or through potential collaborations with larger
pharmaceutical companies.
We believe our TriKEs and
TetraKEs will have the ability, if approved for marketing, to be
used on a stand-alone basis, augment the current monoclonal
antibody therapeutics, or be used in conjunction with more
traditional cancer therapy and potentially overcome certain
limitations of current CAR-T therapy.
Oncology Markets
B-cell Lymphomas/Leukemias
B-cell lymphoma is a type of cancer that forms in B cells (a type
of immune system cell). B-cell lymphomas may be either indolent
(slow-growing) or aggressive (fast-growing). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
has an incidence rate of 19.4 per 100,000 per year and B-cell
lymphomas make up most (about 85%) of NHL in the United States.
There are many different types of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. These include
Burkitt lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic
leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma, follicular lymphoma and mantle cell
lymphoma.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
ALL is an acute form of leukemia, or cancer of the white blood
cells, characterized by the overproduction and accumulation of
immature white blood cells, known as lymphoblasts. In persons with
ALL, lymphoblasts are overproduced in the bone marrow and
continuously multiply, causing damage and death by inhibiting the
production of normal cells (such as red and white blood cells and
platelets) in the bone marrow and by spreading (infiltrating) to
other organs.
“Acute” is defined by the World Health Organization
standards, in which greater than 20% of the cells in the bone
marrow are blasts. Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia is defined as
having less than 20% blasts in the bone marrow. Acute lymphoblastic
leukemia is seen in both children and adults; the highest incidence
is seen between ages 2 to 3 years (>90 cases per 1 million per
year). ALL is the most common cancer diagnosed in children and
represents approximately 25% of cancer diagnoses among children
younger than 15 years. Among children with ALL, approximately 98%
attain remission, and approximately 85% of patients aged 1 to 18
years with newly diagnosed ALL treated on current regimens are
expected to be long-term event-free survivors, with over 90%
surviving at 5 years.
Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that forms in white blood
cells. Multiple myeloma causes cancer cells to accumulate in the
bone marrow, where they crowd out healthy blood cells. Multiple
myeloma is also characterized by destructive lytic bone lesions
(rounded, punched-out areas of bone), diffuse osteoporosis, bone
pain and the production of abnormal proteins which accumulate in
the urine. Anemia is also present in most multiple myeloma patients
at the time of diagnosis and during follow-up. Anemia in multiple
myeloma is multifactorial and is secondary to bone marrow
replacement by malignant plasma cells, chronic inflammation,
relative erythropoietin deficiency and vitamin deficiency. Plasma
cell leukemia, a condition in which plasma cells comprise greater
than 20% of peripheral leukocytes, is typically a terminal stage of
multiple myeloma and is associated with short
survival.
62
Myeloid Leukemias
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
AML is a heterogeneous hematologic stem cell malignancy in adults
with incidence rate of 4.3% per 100,000 populations. The median age
at the time of diagnosis is 68 years. AML is an aggressive disease
and is fatal without anti-leukemic treatment. AML is the most
common form of adult leukemia in the U.S. These patients will
require frontline therapy, usually chemotherapy including
cytarabine and an anthracycline, a therapy that has not changed in
over 40 years. MDSs are a
heterogeneous group of myeloid neoplasms characterized by
dysplastic features of erythroid/myeloid/megakaryocytic lineages,
progressive bone marrow failure, a varying percentage of blast
cells and enhanced risk to evolve into acute myeloid leukemia. It
is estimated that over 10,000 new cases of MDS are diagnosed each
year and there are minimal treatment options; other estimates have
put this number higher. In addition, the incidence of MDS is rising
for unknown reasons.
Sarcomas
A sarcoma is a type of cancer that develops from certain tissues,
like bone or muscle. Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are the main
types of sarcoma. Soft tissue sarcomas can develop from soft
tissues like fat, muscle, nerves, fibrous tissues, blood vessels or
deep skin tissues. They can be found in any part of the body. Most
of them develop in the arms or legs. They can also be found in the
trunk, head and neck area, internal organs and the area in back of
the abdominal cavity (known as the retroperitoneum). Sarcomas are
not common tumors, and most cancers are the type of tumors called
carcinomas.
The most common types of sarcoma in adults are undifferentiated
pleomorphic sarcoma (previously called malignant fibrous
histiocytoma), liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. Certain types occur
more often in certain areas of the body than others. For example,
leiomyosarcomas are the most common abdominal sarcoma, while
liposarcomas and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma are most
common in legs. But pathologists (doctors who specialize in
diagnosing cancers by how they look under the microscope), may not
always agree on the exact type of sarcoma. Sarcomas of uncertain
type are very common (American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts & Figures
2019).
Manufacturing
We do not currently own or operate manufacturing facilities for the
production of clinical or commercial quantities of any of
our product candidates. We rely
on a small number of third-party manufacturers to produce our
compounds and expect to continue to do so to meet the preclinical
and clinical requirements of our potential product candidates as well as for
all of our commercial needs. We do not
have long-term agreements with
any of these third parties. We require in our manufacturing and
processing agreements
that all third-party contract
manufacturers and processors produce active pharmaceutical
ingredients and finished products in accordance with the FDA’s cGMPs
and all other applicable laws
and regulations. We maintain confidentiality agreements with potential and existing
manufacturers in order to protect our proprietary rights related to
our drug candidates.
Intellectual Property
We seek to protect our proprietary information by means of United
States and foreign patents, trademarks and copyrights. In addition,
we rely upon trade secret protection and contractual license
agreements to protect certain of our
proprietary information and products. We seek to protect and enhance
proprietary technology, inventions, and improvements that are
commercially important to the development of our business by
seeking, maintaining, and defending patent rights, whether
developed internally or licensed or acquired from third parties. We
also plan to rely on regulatory protection afforded through orphan
drug designations, available regulatory exclusivities and patent
term extensions where available. To achieve this objective, a
strategic focus for us has been to develop our own intellectual
property, while also identifying and licensing patents that provide
protection and serve as an optimal platform to enhance our
intellectual property and technology base.
University of Minnesota Licensed Intellectual Property
We are party to an exclusive worldwide license agreement with the Regents of the University of
Minnesota, to further develop and commercialize cancer therapies
using TriKE technology
developed by researchers at the university to target NK cells to
cancer. Under the terms of the agreement, we receive exclusive rights to conduct
research and to develop, make, use, sell, and import
TriKE technology worldwide for the
treatment of any disease, state or condition in humans. We are
responsible for obtaining all
permits, licenses, authorizations, registrations and regulatory
approvals required or granted by any governmental authority
anywhere in the world that is responsible for the regulation
of products such as the
TriKE technology, including without
limitation the FDA in the United States and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products in the European
Union. We are presently evaluating GTB-3550, our lead
TriKE therapeutic product candidate in a Phase I/II clinical trial. . Under the
agreement, the University of Minnesota
will receive an upfront license fee, royalty fees ranging from 4%
to 6%, minimum annual royalty payments of $0.25 million beginning
in 2022, $2.0 million in 2025, and $5.0 million in 2027 and certain
milestone payments totaling $3.1 million.
63
The TriKE™ patent estate
licensed from the Regents of the University of Minnesota includes
more than 18 patent applications and the following foundational
patent application:
|
Appl. No.
|
|
Title
|
|
Country
|
|
Status
|
|
PCT Patent Application Number PCT/US2016/055722
|
|
Therapeutic compounds and methods
|
|
Worldwide
|
|
Pending
|
Daniel A. Vallera, Ph.D. Licensed Intellectual
Property
We are party to an exclusive worldwide license agreement with Daniel A. Vallera, Ph.D. and his
co-inventor Jeffrey Lion, or jointly, Dr. Vallera, to further
develop and commercialize DT2219ARL (GTB-1550), a novel therapy for
the treatment of various human cancers. Under the terms of
the agreement, we received
exclusive rights to conduct research and to develop, make, use,
sell, and import DT2219ARL worldwide for the treatment of any
disease, state or condition in humans. We shall be responsible for
obtaining all permits,
licenses, authorizations, registrations and regulatory approvals
required or granted by any governmental authority anywhere in the
world that is responsible for the regulation of products such as DT2219ARL, including without
limitation the FDA in the United States and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products in the European
Union. . Under the agreement,
Dr. Vallera will receive an upfront license fee, royalty fees
ranging from 3% for net sales and 25% of net sublicensing revenues,
and certain milestone payments totaling $1.5
million.
The patent estate licensed from the Dr. Vallera includes more than
16 patent applications and the following issued U.S. patent and
U.S. patent application:
|
Pat./Pub. No.
|
|
Title
|
|
Country
|
|
Status
|
|
U.S. Patent Number 9,371,386
|
|
Methods and compositions for bi-specific targeting of
cd19/cd22
|
|
US
|
|
Issued
|
|
U.S. Patent Application Number 15/187,579
|
|
Methods and compositions for bi-specific targeting of
cd19/cd22
|
|
US
|
|
Pending
|
Employees
As of December 31, 2020, we had two employees. Many of our
activities are outsourced to consultants who provide services to us
on a project basis. As business activities require and capital
resources permit, we will hire additional employees to fulfill
our company’s
needs.
Legal Proceedings
On December 24, 2018, the Empery Funds filed in the N.Y. Supreme
Court, Index No. 656408/2018, alleging causes of action against the
Company for Breach of
Contract, Liquidated
Damages, Damages, and
Indemnification. The claims arose out
of a securities purchase
agreement entered into between the Empery Funds and the Company
pursuant to which the Company issued the Original Securities to the Empery Funds in or
around January 2018. On June 19, 2020, the
Company and the Empery Funds, among others, entered into the
Settlement Agreement resolving all remaining disputes
between the parties pertaining to the Original Securities.
See “Prospectus
Summary—Recent Developments—Settlement with Empery
Funds.”
64
On August 28, 2019, a complaint was filed in the
Superior Court of California, County
of Los Angeles, West Judicial
District, Santa Monica
Courthouse, Unlimited Civil
Division by Jeffrey Lion and Daniel Vallera. Lion and Vallera are
referred to jointly as the “Plaintiffs”. The complaint
was filed against the Company and its subsidiary Oxis Biotech, Inc.
(either of them or jointly, the “Defendant”).
The Plaintiffs allege breach of
a license agreement between
the Plaintiffs and the
Defendant entered into on or about
September 3, 2015. Lion alleges breach of a consulting agreement between Lion and the
Defendant entered into on or about
September 1, 2015. Vallera alleges breach of a consulting agreement between Vallera and
the Defendant entered into in
or around October, 2018. The complaint seeks actual damages of
$1,670,000, for the fair market value of the number of shares of
the Company’s common
stock that at the time of judgment represent 15,000,000 shares of
such stock as of September 1, 2015, and that the Company issue Lion
the number of common shares the Company’s common stock that at the time of judgment
represent 15,000,000 such shares as of September 1,
2015.
Form and Year of Organization
In 1965, the corporate predecessor of the Company, Diagnostic Data,
Inc., was incorporated in the State of California.
Diagnostic Data, Inc. changed its
incorporation to the State of Delaware in 1972; and changed its
name to DDI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in 1985. In 1994, DDI
Pharmaceuticals merged with International BioClinical, Inc. and
Bioxytech S.A. and changed its name to OXIS International, Inc. On
July 17, 2017, we amended our certificate of incorporation for the
purpose of changing our name from Oxis International, Inc. to GT
Biopharma, Inc.
65
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The following table sets forth the name, age and position held by
each of our executive officers and directors as of the date of this
prospectus. Directors are elected for a period of one year and
thereafter serve until the next annual meeting at which their
successors are duly elected by the stockholders.
|
Name
|
Age
|
Position
|
|
Anthony
J. Cataldo
|
68
|
Chief
Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board
|
|
Michael
Handelman
|
61
|
Chief
Financial Officer
|
|
Bruce
Wendel
|
67
|
Vice
Chairman of the Board
|
|
Greg
Berk
|
62
|
Director
|
|
Michael
Breen
|
58
|
Director
|
|
Rajesh
Shrotriya
|
76
|
Director
|
Anthony J. Cataldo was
appointed Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board on
March 15, 2019. Previously he served as Vice Chairman of the Board
since January 2019. Mr. Cataldo has extensive experience with the
Company, having served on the Board from July 2014 until November
2018, also serving as Chief Executive Officer from November 2014 to
September 2017 and Executive Chairman of the Board from September
2017 to February 2018 during that time. Prior to joining the
Company, from February 2011 until June 2013, Mr. Cataldo served as
Chairman and CEO/Founder of Genesis Biopharma, Inc. (now known as
Iovance Biotherapeutics, Inc.). Mr. Cataldo is credited with
developing the Stage Four Cancer treatment for melanoma known as
Lion/Genesis using assets acquired from the National Cancer
Institute (NIH). Mr. Cataldo also served as non-executive
co-chairman of the board of directors of MultiCell Technologies,
Inc., a supplier of functional, non-tumorigenic immortalized human
hepatocytes from February 2005 until July 2006.
Michael Handelman was appointed
Chief Financial Officer on November 13, 2020. Mr. Handelman became
a Director of the GoooGreen, Inc. in August 2020, and Chairman of
the Board of Directors and Secretary in September 2020. He has
served as Chief Financial Officer of Clickstream Corporation since
October 2015. He served as Chief Financial Officer of Lion
Biotechnologies, Inc. from February 2011 until June 2015, and was a
member of the Lion Bio Board of Directors from February 2013 until
May 2013. Mr. Handelman served as the Chief Financial Officer and
as a financial management consultant of Oxis International, Inc., a
public company engaged in the research, development and
commercialization of nutraceutical products, from August 2009 until
October 2011. From November 2004 to July 2009, Mr. Handelman served
as Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer of
TechnoConcepts, Inc., formerly a public company engaged in
designing, developing, manufacturing and marketing wireless
communications semiconductors, or microchips. Prior thereto, Mr.
Handelman served from October 2002 to October 2004 as Chief
Financial Officer of Interglobal Waste Management, Inc., a
manufacturing company, and from July 1996 to July 1999 as Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer of Janex International, Inc.,
a children’s toy manufacturer. Mr. Handelman was also the
Chief Financial Officer from 1993 to 1996 of the Los Angeles Kings,
a National Hockey League franchise. Mr. Handelman is a certified
public accountant and holds a degree in accounting from the City
University of New York.
Bruce Wendel was appointed as a
director on November 12, 2020. From April 2018 to May 2019, Mr.
Wendel served as the Chief Business Development Officer for
Prometic Biotherapeutics, Inc., a pharmaceutical development
company. Mr. Wendel also served as Chief Strategic Officer of
Hepalink USA, the U.S. subsidiary of Shenzhen Hepalink
Pharmaceutical Company from February 2012 to July 2017, and Chief
Executive Officer of Scientific Protein Laboratories, LLC from
December 2014 to June 2015. He also served as a director of
ProMetic Life Sciences Inc. and Vice Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer at Abraxis BioScience, LLC, where he oversaw the
development and commercialization of Abraxane® and led the
negotiations that culminated in the acquisition of the company by
Celgene Corporation in 2010. He began his 14 years at Bristol-Myers
Squibb as in-house counsel before shifting to global business and
corporate development where he served in roles of increasing
responsibility. Subsequently, he was VP of Business Development at
IVAX Corporation, and at American Pharmaceutical Partners, Inc. Mr.
Wendel earned a juris doctorate degree from Georgetown University
Law School, and a B.S. from Cornell University.
66
Dr. Greg Berk was appointed as
a director on November 12, 2020. Prior to joining the Company, Dr.
Berk has served as a private consultant in the field of drug
development and is the Chief Medical Officer of Celularity, a
privately owned company. Previously, he served as Chief Medical
Officer at Verastem as and President, Chief Medical Officer and
Board Member of Sideris Pharmaceuticals. From May 2012 until
January 2014, Dr. Berk was Chief Medical Officer of BIND
Therapeutics. Prior to this, he was Chief Medical Officer at
Intellikine, a privately held biotechnology company focused on the
discovery and development of novel PI3 Kinase and mTOR inhibitors.
Intellikine was acquired by Takeda/Millennium in January 2012. He
also served as Senior Vice President of Global Clinical Development
at Abraxis BioScience, where he was responsible for the
company’s overall clinical strategy, including efforts to
expand the indications for their lead clinical program
(Abraxane®). Dr. Berk obtained his medical degree from Case
Western Reserve University, and completed his internship, residency
and fellowship in internal medicine, hematology and medical
oncology, at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University and
New York Presbyterian Hospital, where he also served as a faculty
member from 1989-2004. During this time Dr. Berk served as an
investigator on several industry-sponsored and cooperative group
oncology clinical trials, including the pivotal trials for
Gleevec® and Avastin®.
Michael Breen was appointed as
a director on January 13, 2021.Prior to joining the Company,
Mr. Breen served as a senior partner in the global law firm of
Clyde & Co., specializing in all aspects of corporate law,
including mergers and acquisitions and fund management regulatory
issues, which included advising clients in the biotechnology and
health sciences sectors. Prior to joining Clyde & Co., Mr Breen
served as a senior partner and managing partner in the London law
firm of Edward Lewis. Prior to his time at Edward Lewis, he was
also a partner at Robert Gore & Company. Between 2002 and 2005,
Mr. Breen was managing director of the Sports and Entertainment
Division of Insinger de Beaufort Bank, a Dutch private banking,
asset management and trust group. From 2001 to 2007 Mr. Breen also
served as a non-executive director and co-owner of Damon Hill
Holdings Limited, a multi franchise motor dealer group. Mr. Breen
also serves as a director of a Los Angeles based hedge fund,
Bristol International Fund, Limited and a Cayman Islands fund,
Bristol Investment Fund, Limited. He also serves as a director of
Wizard Brands Inc., an OTCQB Bulletin Board company. Mr. Breen is
also a non-executive director and co-owner of Colorsport Images
Limited, a sports photographic agency and library. He is the Chair
of Trustees of Sturts Community Trust, a charity which brings
together a diverse range of social initiatives centred around a
sustainable 90 acre organic biodynamic farm offering land based
work opportunities and individualised support and dwellings for
adults with a learning disability. Mr. Breen is a U.K. qualified
solicitor/attorney who holds an Honours LL.B. degree in law from
the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth and qualified as a
solicitor of the Supreme Court of Judicature of England and Wales
in 1988. Mr. Breen is a former member of the International Bar
Association, British Association for Sport and the Law, Law Society
of England and Wales, and Holborn Law Society.
Dr. Rajesh Shrotriya was
appointed as a director on January 13, 2021. Prior to joining
the Company, until 2017, Dr. Shrotriya served as Chairman of
the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Spectrum Pharmaceuticals,
Inc. from August 2002 and a director since June 2001. From
September 2000 to April 2014, Dr. Shrotriya also served as
President of Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and from September 2000
to August 2002, Dr. Shrotriya also served as Chief Operating
Officer of Spectrum. Prior to joining Spectrum, Dr. Shrotriya
held the position of Executive Vice President and Chief Scientific
Officer from November 1996 until August 2000, and as Senior Vice
President and Special Assistant to the President from November 1996
until May 1997, for SuperGen, Inc., a publicly-held pharmaceutical
company focused on drugs for life-threatening diseases,
particularly cancer. From August 1994 to October 1996, Dr.
Shrotriya held the positions of Vice President, Medical Affairs and
Vice President, Chief Medical Officer of MGI Pharma, Inc., an
oncology-focused biopharmaceutical company. Dr. Shrotriya
spent 18 years at Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, an NYSE-listed
pharmaceutical company, in a variety of positions, most recently as
Executive Director, Worldwide CNS Clinical Research. Previously,
Dr. Shrotriya held various positions at
Hoechst Pharmaceuticals, most recently as Medical Advisor. Dr.
Shrotriya was an attending physician and held a courtesy
appointment at St. Joseph Hospital in Stamford, Connecticut.
In addition, he received a certificate for Advanced Biomedical
Research Management from Harvard University. Dr. Shrotriya received
an M.D. from Grant Medical College, Bombay, India, in 1974; a
D.T.C.D. (Post Graduate Diploma in Chest Diseases) from Delhi
University, V.P. Chest Institute, Delhi, India, in 1971; an
M.B.B.S. (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery —
equivalent to an M.D. in the U.S.) from the Armed Forces Medical
College, Poona, India, in 1967; and a B.S. in Chemistry from Agra
University, Aligarh, India, in 1962. Currently, Dr. Shrotriya is a
member of the Board of Directors of CASI Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a
NASDAQ-listed biopharmaceutical company, and on the Board of
Trustees at the UNLV Foundation.
Board Committees, Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider
Participation
The
Audit
Committee consists of Mr. Breen, as Chair and as audit committee
financial expert, Dr. Shrotriya and Mr. Wendel. The Compensation
Committee consists of Dr. Berk as Chair, Mr. Wendel and Mr. Breen.
The Nominating and Governance Committee consists of Mr. Wendel, as
Chair, Dr. Shrotriya and Mr. Breen.
Director Independence
Mr. Wendel, Dr. Berk,
Mr. Breen and Dr. Shrotriya each
qualify as an “independent director” as defined by Item
407 of Regulation S-K.
We have elected to use the definition for “director
independence” under the Nasdaq Stock Market’s listing
standards, which defines an “independent director” as
“a person other than an officer or employee of us or its
subsidiaries or any other individual having a relationship, which
in the opinion of our Board, would interfere with the exercise of
independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a
director.” The definition further provides that, among
others, employment of a director by us (or any parent or subsidiary
of ours) at any time during the past three years is considered a
bar to independence regardless of the determination of our
Board.
67
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
As a “smaller reporting company” under SEC rules, our named
executive officers for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
(collectively, the “Named Executive Officers”) were as
follows:
●
Anthony J. Cataldo, our current Chief Executive
Officer;
●
Steven Weldon, was appointed Chief Financial Officer on March 20,
2019, and resigned on November 10, 2020; and
No
other executive officers received total annual compensation during
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 in excess of
$100,000.
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth certain information relating to the
total compensation earned for services rendered to us in
all capacities by our Named Executive
Officers.
|
Name and Principal Position
|
Year
|
Salary ($)
|
Bonus ($)
|
Stock Awards ($) (1)
|
All Other
Compensation ($)(2)
|
Total ($)
|
|
Anthony J. Cataldo (3)
|
2020
|
362,000
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
362,000
|
|
Chief
Executive Officer
|
2019
|
225,000
|
—
|
1,281,000
|
75,000
|
1,581,000
|
|
Steven Weldon (4)
|
2020
|
219,662
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
219,662
|
|
Chief
Financial Officer
|
2019
|
230,000
|
—
|
823,500
|
—
|
1,053,500
|
|
Michael Handelman (5)
|
2020
|
74,833
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
74,833
|
|
Chief
Financial Officer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
The
amounts in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair
value of the stock awards, determined in accordance with Financial
Accounting Standards Board ASC Topic 718. The Company determines
the grant date fair value of the awards by multiplying the number
of shares granted by the closing market price of one share of the
Company’s common stock on the award grant date. These amounts
do not reflect the actual economic value that will be realized by
the Named Executive Officer upon the sale of these
awards.
(2)
The
amount in this column represents compensation earned under a
consultant agreement with the Company described in more detail
below under “—Employment Arrangements
..”
(3)
Mr.
Cataldo was appointed Chief Executive Officer on March 15,
2019.
(4)
Mr.
Weldon was appointed Chief Financial Officer on March 20, 2019, and
resigned on November 10, 2020.
(5)
Mr.
Handelman was appointed Chief Financial Officer on November 11,
2020.
68
Employment Arrangements
Effective August 11, 2020, the Company and Mr. Cataldo entered into
the Cataldo Agreement with respect to Mr. Cataldo’s continued
employment as Chief Executive Officer of the Company. The Initial
Term of the Cataldo Agreement is three years with the option of
automatic one-year renewals thereafter. Mr. Cataldo will be paid a
cash salary of $30,000 per month, together with customary benefits,
expense reimbursement and the possibility of performance bonuses.
Mr. Cataldo will receive a stock grant equal to ten percent of the
fully diluted shares of common stock of the Company (calculated
with the inclusion of the current stock holdings of Mr. Cataldo)
upon conversion of options, warrants and Convertible Notes in
association with a national markets qualified financing as
consideration for entering into the Cataldo Agreement (with such
stock to vest and be delivered within 30 days after the national
markets qualified financing). Mr. Cataldo will be entitled to
certain additional severance payments and other benefits in
connection with a Change in Control Period Involuntary Termination
or a Non Change in Control Period Involuntary Termination (each as
defined in the Cataldo Agreement) or his resignation as a result of
a Change in Control Period Good Reason or Non Change in Control
Period Good Reason (each as defined in the Cataldo Agreement).
Following the Effective Date, Mr. Cataldo will also continue to
serve as the chairman of the board of the Company.
Effective August 11, 2020, the Company and Mr. Weldon entered into
the Weldon Agreement with respect to Mr. Weldon’s continued
employment as the Chief Financial Officer of the Company. The
Initial Term of the Weldon Agreement was three years with the
option of automatic one-year renewals thereafter. Mr. Weldon was
paid a cash salary of $25,000 per month, together with customary
benefits, expense reimbursement and the possibility of performance
bonuses. Mr. Cataldo received a stock grant equal to seven percent
of the fully diluted shares of common stock of the Company
(calculated with the inclusion of the current stock holdings of Mr.
Weldon) upon conversion of options, warrants and Convertible Notes
in association with a national markets qualified financing as
consideration for entering into the Weldon Agreement (with such
stock to vest and be delivered within 30 days after the national
markets qualified financing). Mr. Weldon was entitled to certain
additional severance payments and other benefits in connection with
a Change in Control Period Involuntary Termination or a Non Change
in Control Period Involuntary Termination (each as defined in the
Weldon Agreement) or his registration as a result of a Change in
Control Period Good Reason or Non Change in Control Period Good
Reason (each as defined in the Weldon Agreement).
Mr. Weldon resigned as Chief Financial
Officer and as a director of the Company on November 11, 2020. Mr.
Weldon had no disagreement relating to the Company’s
financial reports or corporate filings.
On November, 11, 2020, the Company appointed Mr. Handelman as Chief
Financial Officer on an interim basis. Effective November 13, 2020,
the Company and Mr. Handelman entered into the Handelman Agreement
with respect to Mr. Handelman’s service as Chief Financial
Officer of the Company. The term of the Handelman Agreement is
indefinite, subject to ninety days prior written notice of
termination. Pursuant to the Handelman Agreement, Mr. Handelman
will receive a monthly consulting fee of $15,000, along with the
opportunity to earn a discretionary bonus. Mr. Handelman will also
serve as the principal accounting officer of the
Company.
Board Service Agreements
Effective November 11, 2020, the Company and Mr. Berk entered into
the Berk Agreement with respect to Mr. Berk’s service as a
director on the Board. The term of the Berk Agreement is for a
period of two years. Mr. Berk will receive an annual stipend of
$20,000, with an additional $5,000 annually for chairing the
Compensation Committee and $5,000 annually for serving on the
Nominating Committee. The Company also agreed to grant Mr. Berk a
stock award of shares of common stock of the Company equal to 1.00%
of the number of fully diluted shares of common stock of the
Company calculated on the fully diluted equity of the
Company upon the completion of the offering and the NASDAQ listing
date.
Effective November 11, 2020, the Company and Mr. Wendel entered
into the Wendel Agreement with respect to Mr. Wendel’s
service as a director on the Board. The term of the Wendel
Agreement is for a period of two years. Mr. Wendel will receive an
annual stipend of $20,000, with an additional $5,000 annually for
chairing the Nominating Committee and $5,000 annually for serving
on the Audit Committee. The Company also agreed to grant Mr. Wendel
a stock award of shares of common stock of the Company equal to
1.25% of the number of fully diluted shares of common stock of the
Company calculated on the fully diluted equity of the
Company upon the completion of the offering and the NASDAQ listing
date.
Effective January 13, 2021, the Company and Mr. Breen entered into
the Breen Agreement with respect to Mr. Breen’s service as a
director on the Board. The term of the Breen Agreement is for a
period of two years. Mr. Breen will receive an annual stipend of
$120,000, which includes compensation for chairing the Audit
Committee and serving as a member of the Nominating Committee. The
Company also agreed to grant Mr. Breen 1.00% of the number of fully
diluted shares of common stock of the Company calculated on
the fully diluted equity of the Company upon the completion of the
offering and the NASDAQ listing date.
Effective January 13, 2021, the Company and Mr. Shrotriya entered
into the Shrotriya Agreement with respect to Mr. Shrotriya’s
service as a director on the Board. The term of the Shrotriya
Agreement is for a period of two years. Mr. Shrotriya will receive
an annual stipend of $20,000, with an additional $5,000 annually
for serving on the Audit Committee. The Company also agreed to
grant Mr. Shrotriya a stock award of shares of common stock of the
Company equal to 1.00% of the number of fully diluted shares of
common stock of the Company calculated on the fully diluted
equity of the Company upon the completion of the offering and the
NASDAQ listing date.
69
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End
As of December 31, 2020, there were no unexercised options,
unvested stock awards or outstanding equity incentive plan awards
held by our Named Executive Officers.
Director Compensation
The following table summarizes the total compensation we paid to
our non-employee directors for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2020:
|
Name
(1)
|
Fees
Earned or
Paid in
Cash ($)
|
Stock
Awards ($)
|
Option
Awards ($)
|
Total
($)
|
|
Bruce
Wendel
|
2,500
|
—
|
—
|
2,500
|
|
Greg
Berk
|
2,500
|
—
|
—
|
2,500
|
(1)
Bruce
Wendel and Greg Berk were appointed to the Board on November 12,
2020.
Effective
November 2020, the following annual compensation for non-employee
directors was approved by the Compensation Committee of our
Board:
●
$20,000
annual stipend;
●
an
additional cash payment of $5,000 for acting as chair of a
committee and $5,000 for acting as a member of a committee;
and
●
stock
awards of shares of common stock of the Company equal to 1.00%
(Berk) and 1.25% (Wendel) of the number of fully diluted shares of
common stock of the company calculated on the fully diluted equity
of the Company upon the completion of the offering and the NASDAQ
listing date.
A
director who is one of our employees receives no additional
compensation for his service as a director or as a member of a
committee of the Board.
70
VOTING SECURITIES AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS
The
following table sets forth certain information regarding beneficial
ownership of our common stock and Preferred Stock as of January 31,
2021 (a) by each person known by us to own beneficially 5% or more
of any class of our voting securities, (b) by each of our Named
Executive Officers, (c) by each of our directors and (d) by all our
current executive officers and directors as a group. As of January
31, 2021, there were (a) 91,748,639 shares of common stock, (b)
96,230 shares of Series C Preferred Stock and (c) 2,353,548 shares
of Series J-1 Preferred Stock issued and outstanding.
Shares
of common stock subject to stock options, Preferred Stock,
convertible notes and debentures and warrants that are currently
exercisable or convertible, or exercisable or convertible within 60
days of January 31, 2021, are deemed to be outstanding for purposes
of computing the percentage ownership of that person but are not
treated as outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of
any other person. Unless indicated below, the persons and entities
named in the table have sole voting and sole investment power with
respect to all shares beneficially owned, subject to community
property laws where applicable.
Except
as otherwise indicated, the address of each stockholder is c/o GT
Biopharma, Inc. at 9350 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 203, Beverly Hills,
CA 90212.
|
Name and Address
of Beneficial Owner
|
Shares of Common
Stock Beneficially Owned (Pre-Split)
|
|
Shares of Common
Stock Beneficially Owned (Post-Split)
|
|
Percentage of Class
Outstanding (Pre-Offering)
|
|
Percentage of Class
Outstanding (Post-Offering)
|
|
Shares of Series
J-1 Preferred Stock Beneficially Owned (2)
|
Percentage of Class
Outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Certain
Beneficial Owners:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alpha Capital
Anstalt (3)
|
8,311,000
|
(4)
|
488,882
|
|
9.06%
|
(5)
|
6.31%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
Bristol Capital,
LLC (6)
|
-
|
(7)
|
-
|
(7)
|
0.00%
|
|
0.00%
|
|
1,575,324
|
66.93%
|
|
Bristol Investment
Fund, Ltd. (6)
|
9,165,689
|
(8)
|
773,923
|
(8)
|
9.99%
|
(9)
|
9.99%
|
(9)
|
778,224
|
33.07%
|
|
James Heavener
(10)
|
9,165,689
|
(11)
|
773,923
|
(11)
|
9.99%
|
(16)
|
9.99%
|
(16)
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
Adam
Kasower
|
8,974,303
|
(11)
|
527,900
|
(11)
|
9.78%
|
|
6.81%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
Bigger Capital
Fund, LP (12)
|
5,168,507
|
(11)
|
304,029
|
(11)
|
5.63%
|
|
3.92%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
District 2 Capital
Fund LP (13)
|
5,087,289
|
(11)
|
299,252
|
(11)
|
5.54%
|
|
3.86%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
GT Bio Partners LLC
(14)
|
7,685,000
|
(11)
|
452,058
|
(11)
|
8.38%
|
|
5.84%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
Kevin
Young
|
5,425,753
|
(11)
|
319,161
|
(11)
|
5.91%
|
|
4.12%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
Red Mango
Enterprises Limited (15)
|
9,165,689
|
(11)
|
773,923
|
(11)
|
9.99%
|
(16)
|
9.99%
|
(16)
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
The Rosalinde and
Arthur Gilbert Foundation (17)
|
9,165,689
|
(11)
|
773,923
|
(11)
|
9.99%
|
(16)
|
9.99%
|
(16)
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
The RSZ Trust
(18)
|
7,559,553
|
(11)
|
444,679
|
(11)
|
8.24%
|
|
5.74%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
Steven Weldon
(19)
|
3,720,000
|
|
218,823
|
|
4.05%
|
|
2.82%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Executive
Officers and Directors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anthony J.
Cataldo
|
7,013,345
|
|
412,549
|
|
7.64%
|
|
5.33%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
Michael
Handelman
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
0.00%
|
|
0.00%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
Bruce
Wendel
|
55,555
|
|
3,267
|
|
0.06%
|
|
0.04%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
Greg
Berk
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
0.00%
|
|
0.00%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
Michael
Breen
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
0.00%
|
|
0.00%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
Rajesh
Shrotriya
|
-
|
|
-
|
|
0.00%
|
|
0.00%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
|
Executive Officers
and Directors as a Group (6 people):
|
7,068,900
|
|
415,816
|
|
7.70%
|
|
5.37%
|
|
-
|
0.00%
|
(1)
The
Company is not aware of any holder beneficially owning in excess of
5% of the outstanding shares of Series C Preferred
Stock.
(2)
Each
holder of Series J-1 Preferred Stock is entitled to the number of
votes equal to the number of shares of common stock into which the
shares of Series J-1 Preferred Stock held by such holder could be
converted as of January 31, 2021 (voting together, as a single
class, with the holders of common stock and Series C Preferred
Stock). After giving effect to the reverse stock split, each share
of our Series J-1 Preferred Stock will be convertible into 5/17 of
a share of our common stock, subject to a “blocker
provision” which prohibits conversion if such conversion
would result in the holder being the beneficial owner of in excess
of 9.99% of our common stock.
71
(3)
Calculated
based on the maximum number of shares of common stock that Alpha
Capital could have beneficially owned on January 31, 2021 following
conversion or exercise of securities held by Alpha Capital, subject
to the beneficial ownership limitation described in note (4)
above.
(4)
Paul Kessler, as manager of Bristol Capital
Advisors, LLC, the investment advisor to Bristol Investment Fund,
Ltd. (“BIF”), has voting and investment control over
the securities held by BIF. Mr. Kessler, as manager of Bristol
Capital, LLC (“Bristol
Capital”), also has
voting and investment control over the securities held by Bristol
Capital. Mr. Kessler disclaims beneficial ownership of these
securities except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein.
The address of Bristol Capital Advisors, LLC is 662 N. Sepulveda
Blvd., Suite 300, Los Angeles, California
90049.
(5)
As
reported on Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on June 10, 2020.
Excludes shares of our common stock that may be issued upon
conversion of the Series J-1 Preferred Stock held by Bristol
Capital. Such Series J-1 Preferred Stock may be converted into
shares of our common stock only if such conversion does not result
in Bristol Capital (together with its affiliates, including BIF)
holding more than 9.99% of our outstanding shares of common
stock.
(6)
As
reported on Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on June 10, 2020. As
disclosed in the Schedule 13G, BIF also holds Series J-1 Preferred
Stock and convertible notes which may be converted into shares of
our common stock only if such conversion does not result in BIF
(together with its affiliates, including Bristol Capital) holding
more than 9.99% of our outstanding shares of common stock. The full
conversion of such securities would exceed such beneficial
ownership limitation. As of January 31, 2021, the maximum number of
shares of common stock that BIF could beneficially own was
9,165,689 shares prior to giving effect to the reverse stock split
and 773,923 shares after giving effect to the reverse stock
split.
(7)
Calculated
based on the maximum number of shares of common stock that BIF
could have beneficially owned on January 31, 2021 following
conversion of the Series J-1 Preferred Stock or convertible notes,
subject to the beneficial ownership limitation described in note
(8) above.
(8)
The
address of Mr. Heavener is 3300 University Blvd, Suite 218 Winter
Park, FL 32792.
(9)
Represents
or includes shares of common stock that may be issuable to the
stockholder upon conversion of certain convertible notes or other
securities that are convertible into, or exercisable for, shares of
our common stock and excludes additional sharesof common stock that
may be issuable to the stockholder (i) in lieu of cash payments of
interest on convertible notes or (ii) in connection with any
default amounts with respect to convertible notes. Such convertible
notes are only convertible if such conversion does not result in
the stockholder (together with its affiliates) holding more than
9.99% of our outstanding shares of common stock.
(10)
We
have been advised that Michael Bigger exercises voting and
investment power over the securities held by Bigger Capital Fund,
LP.
(11)
Represents
or includes shares of common stock that may be issuable to the
stockholder upon conversion of certain convertible notes or other
securities that are convertible into, or exercisable for, shares of
our common stock and excludes additional sharesof common stock that
may be issuable to the stockholder (i) in lieu of cash payments of
interest on convertible notes or (ii) in connection with any
default amounts with respect to convertible notes. Such convertible
notes are only convertible if such conversion does not result in
the stockholder (together with its affiliates) holding more than
9.99% of our outstanding shares of common stock.
(12)
We
have been advised that Michael Bigger exercises voting and
investment power over the securities held by Bigger Capital Fund,
LP.
72
(13)
We
have been advised that Eric H Schlanger exercises voting and
investment power over the securities held by District 2 Capital
Fund LP.
(14)
We
have been advised that Philip G. Werthman exercises voting and
investment power over the securities held by of GT Bio Partners
LLC.
(15)
We
have been advised that Chi Kan Tang exercises voting and investment
power over the securities held by Red Mango Enterprises
Limited.
(16)
The
full conversion or exercise of convertible notes or other
securities convertible into, or exercisable for, our common stock
held by the stockholder would exceed the beneficial ownership
limitation described in note (11) above. This represents the
maximum number of shares of common stock that the stockholder could
beneficially own as of January 31, 2021.
(17)
We
have been advised that Martin H. Blank exercises voting and
investment power over the securities held by The Rosalinde and
Arthur Gilbert Foundation.
(18)
We
have been advised that Richard Ziman exercises voting and
investment power over the securities held by RSZ
Trust.
(19)
Mr.
Weldon was appointed Chief Financial Officer on March 20, 2019, and
resigned on November 10, 2020.
73
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
The following description of our securities, together with any
additional information we include in any applicable prospectus
supplement or any related free writing prospectus, summarizes the
material terms and provisions of our capital stock. For the
complete terms of our capital stock, please refer to our
certificate of incorporation bylaws that are incorporated by
reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus
is a part or may be incorporated by reference in this prospectus or
any applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of these securities
may also be affected by the DGCL. The summary below and that
contained in any applicable prospectus supplement or any related
free writing prospectus are qualified in their entirety by
reference to our certificate of incorporation and
bylaws.
General
As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized capital stock
consists of 750.0 million shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 15.0
million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. As
of December 31, 2020, there were 83,723,370 shares of our
common stock, 96,230 shares of Series
C Preferred Stock and 2,353,548 shares of Series J-1 Preferred
Stock issued and outstanding.
Common Stock
Holders of our common stock are
entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held of record for the election of
directors and on all matters
submitted to a vote of stockholders. Holders of our
common stock are entitled to receive
dividends ratably, if any, as may be declared by the Board out of
legally available funds, subject to any preferential dividend
rights of any preferred stock then outstanding. In the event of our
dissolution, liquidation or winding up, holders of our
common stock are entitled to share
ratably in our net assets legally available after the payment
of all of our debts and other
liabilities, subject to the liquidation preferences of any
preferred stock then outstanding. Holders of our
common stock have no preemptive,
subscription, redemption or conversion rights. The rights,
preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely
affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of
preferred stock currently outstanding or that we may designate and
issue in the future. All
outstanding shares of our common stock are fully paid and non-assessable.
Except as described below in “Anti-Takeover Provisions Under
Our Charter and Bylaws and Delaware Law,” holders of a
majority of the outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and a vote of
the majority of the voting power represented at such meeting at
which a quorum is generally required to take action under our
certificate of incorporation and bylaws.
Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants
The
Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants will be issued in registered form
and will entitle the registered holder to purchase one share of our
common stock at a price equal to $7.57 per share, subject to
adjustment as discussed below, terminating at 5:00 p.m., New York
City time, on the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance. In the
case of the Warrants, if an effective registration statement is not
available with respect to the offering of shares of common stock
upon exercise of such Warrants, holders of such Warrants may
exercise such warrants on a “cashless” basis. In such
event, the aggregate number of shares of common stock issuable in
such cashless exercise shall be equal to (x) the difference
between (i) value of the aggregate number of shares of common stock
for which the Warrant is being exercised based on the weighted
average price of our common stock as determined in the formula set
forth in such Warrant and (ii) the value of the aggregate number of
shares of common stock for which the Warrant is being exercised
based on the exercise price then in effect, divided by (y) the
exercise price then in effect. In the case of the Pre-Funded
Warrants, the exercise price will be deemed to have been paid as
part of the purchase price for such Pre-Funded Warrants in this
offering. The exercise price and number of shares of common stock
issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrants
may be adjusted in certain circumstances, including in the event of
a stock dividend, extraordinary dividend on or recapitalization,
reorganization, merger or consolidation. The Warrants may be
exercised by delivery of a notice of exercise and, in the case of
the Warrants, the aggregate exercise price if no cashless exercise
has been elected, to us as specified in such Warrant or Pre-Funded
Warrant, as applicable. Holders of Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants
do not have the rights or privileges of holders of common stock and
any voting rights until they exercise their Warrants or Pre-Funded
Warrants, as applicable, and receive shares of common stock. After
the issuance of shares of common stock upon exercise of the Series
A-1 Warrants, each holder will be entitled to one vote for each
share held of record on all matters to be voted on by
stockholders.
Preferred Stock
Our Board is authorized, without action by the stockholders, to
designate and issue up to 15.0 million shares of preferred stock in
one or more series. In the past the Board has designated series
lettered A through J-1 and issued shares in those series. As of the
date of this prospectus, only preferred shares in the series
designated C and J-1 have shares issued and outstanding. Our Board
can fix or alter the rights, preferences and privileges of the
shares of each series and any of its qualifications, limitations or
restrictions, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting
rights, terms of redemption, liquidation preferences and the number
of shares constituting a class or series. The issuance of preferred
stock could, under certain circumstances, result in one or more of
the following adverse effects:
●
decreasing the
market price of our common stock;
●
restricting
dividends on our common stock;
●
diluting the voting
power of our common stock;
●
impairing the
liquidation rights of our common stock; or
●
delaying or
preventing a change in control of us without further action by our
stockholders.
Our Board will make any determination to issue such shares based on
its judgment as to our best interests and the best interests of our
stockholders.
74
Series C Preferred Stock
For a discussion of the terms of our Series C Preferred Stock, see
Note 7 to our audited financial statements, Stockholders’
Equity.
Series J-1 Preferred Stock
Shares of our Series J-1 Preferred Stock are convertible at any
time, at the option of the holders, into shares of our common stock
at an effective conversion price of $0.20 per share, subject to
adjustment for, among other things, stock dividends, stock splits,
combinations, reclassifications of our capital stock and mergers or
consolidations, and subject to a “blocker provision”
which prohibits conversion if such conversion would result in the
holder being the beneficial owner of in excess of 9.99% of our
common stock. Shares of our Series J-1 Preferred Stock have the
same voting rights a shares of our common stock, with the holders
of the Series J-1 Preferred Stock entitled to vote on an
as-converted-to-common stock basis, subject to the “blocker
provision” described above, together with the holders of our
common stock on all matters presented to our stockholders. The
Series J-1 Preferred Stock are not entitled to any dividends
(unless specifically declared by our Board), but will participate
on an as-converted-to-common-stock basis in any dividends to the
holders of our common stock. In the event of our dissolution,
liquidation or winding up, the holders of our Series J-1 Preferred
Stock will be on parity with the holders of our common stock and
will participate, on a on an as-converted-to-common stock basis, in
any distribution to holders of our common stock.
Anti-Takeover Provisions Under Our Charter and Bylaws and Delaware
Law
Certain provisions of Delaware law, our certificate of
incorporation and our bylaws contain provisions that could have the
effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another party from
acquiring control of us. These provisions, which are summarized
below, may have the effect of discouraging coercive takeover
practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also
designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control
of us to first negotiate with our Board. We believe that the
benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to
negotiate with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the
disadvantages of discouraging a proposal to acquire us because
negotiation of these proposals could result in an improvement of
their terms.
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
Undesignated Preferred Stock.
Our Board has the ability to issue preferred stock with voting or
other rights or preferences that could impede the success of any
attempt to change control of us. These and other provisions may
have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying changes
in control or management of our company.
Special Meetings of Stockholders. Our bylaws provide that special meetings of our
stockholders may be called only by our Chairman of the Board, our
president or our Board, thus prohibiting a stockholder from calling
a special meeting. This provision might delay the ability of our
stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or for
stockholders controlling a majority of our capital stock to take
any action, including the removal of directors.
Board Vacancies Filled Only by Majority of
Directors. Vacancies and newly
created seats on our Board may be filled only by a majority of the
directors then in office. Only our Board may determine the number
of directors on our board. The
inability of stockholders to determine the number of directors or
to fill vacancies or newly created seats on our Board makes it more
difficult to change the composition of our Board, but these
provisions promote a continuity of existing
management.
No Cumulative Voting. The DGCL
provides that stockholders are not entitled to the right to
cumulate votes in the election of directors unless our certificate
of incorporation provides otherwise. Our certificate of
incorporation and bylaws do not expressly provide for cumulative
voting.
Directors Removed Only by Special Meeting of
Stockholders. A director can be
removed only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes of
the issued and outstanding stock entitled to vote for the election
of directors of the corporation given at a special meeting of the
stockholders called and held for this purpose.
75
Amendment of Charter Provisions. In order to amend certain of the above
provisions in our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, the
Board is expressly authorized to adopt, alter or repeal the bylaws,
subject to the rights of the stockholders entitled to vote.
Stockholders can vote at any stockholder meeting and repeal, alter,
or amend the bylaws by the affirmative vote of a majority of the
stockholders entitled to vote in such meeting.
Delaware Anti-takeover
Statute
We are subject to Section 203 of the DGCL. In general,
Section 203 prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation
from engaging in a “business combination” with an
“interested stockholder” for a period of three years
after the date of the transaction in which the person became an
interest stockholder, unless the business combination is approved
in a prescribed manner. A “business combination”
includes mergers, asset sales and other transactions in which the
interested stockholder receives or could receive a financial
benefit on other than a pro rata basis with other stockholders. An
“interested stockholder” is a person who, together with
affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years did own, 15%
or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock. This
provision has an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions
not approved in advance by our Board, including discouraging
takeover attempts that might result in a premium over the market
price for the shares of our market price. With approval of our
stockholders, we could amend our amended and restated certificate
of incorporation in the future to avoid the restrictions imposed by
this anti-takeover law.
The provisions of Delaware law and our amended and restated
certificate of incorporation could have the effect of discouraging
others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence,
they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of
our common stock that often
result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These
provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our
management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more
difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may
otherwise deem to be in their best interests.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
Our transfer agent and registrar for our capital stock is
Computershare. The transfer
agent’s address is 8742 Lucent Blvd., Suite 225, Highland Ranch, CO 80129, and its
telephone number is (303) 262-0600.
Existing Trading Markets
Our common stock is quoted on
the OTCQB, one of the OTC
Markets Group over-the-counter markets, under the trading symbol
“GTBP.” The closing sale price of our
common stock on the OTCQB on February
5, 2021, was $0.445 per share. Our common stock is also quoted on several
European-based exchanges including
Berlin (GTBP.BE), Frankfurt (GTBP.DE), the Euronext (GTBP.NX) and
Paris (GTBP.PA).
76
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The
following is a summary of certain material U.S. federal income tax
considerations that may be relevant to the acquisition, ownership
and disposition of Units or Pre-Funded Units. This description
addresses only the U.S. federal income tax considerations to
holders that will hold the Units, Pre-Funded Units and the
components thereof as capital assets within the meaning of Section
1221 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the
“Code”). This description does not address all of the
tax considerations applicable to particular investors in light of
their individual circumstances, including holders that may be
subject to special tax rules, including, but not limited
to:
●
certain
financial institutions, banks, thrifts or insurance
companies;
●
real
estate investment trusts;
●
regulated
investment companies;
●
brokers,
dealers or traders in securities;
●
a
trader in securities who elects to use a mark-to-market method of
accounting for its securities holdings;
●
investors
subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of
gross income with respect to our ordinary shares being taken into
account in an applicable financial statement;
●
partnerships
or other entities or arrangements classified as partnerships for
U.S. federal income tax purposes or other pass-through entities
(and investors therein);
●
tax-exempt
entities;
●
individual
retirement and other tax-deferred accounts;
●
persons
that will hold our securities as part of a “straddle,”
“hedging,” “constructive sale,”
“conversion” or other integrated transaction or as a
position in a “straddle” for U.S. federal income tax
purposes;
●
persons
who acquire our securities pursuant to the exercise of compensatory
options or compensatory warrants or in other compensatory
transactions;
●
persons
that may be liable for the alternative minimum tax;
●
certain
former citizens or long-term residents of the United
States;
●
persons
that have a “functional currency” other than the U.S.
dollar; or
●
persons
that own or are deemed to own directly, indirectly, or
constructively 10% or more, by voting power or value, of our
stock.
Moreover,
this description does not address the U.S. federal estate, gift or
alternative minimum tax consequences or any state, local or
non-U.S. tax consequences, of the acquisition, ownership and
disposition of our Units, Pre-Funded Units, and the components
thereof, or the U.S. federal Medicare tax on net investment income.
This description is for general information purposes only and does
not purport to be a complete analysis or summary of all potential
U.S. federal income tax consequences that may apply as a result of
the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Units, Pre-Funded
Units or the components thereof. Each prospective investor is urged
to consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, state,
local and non-U.S. income and other tax considerations of their
investment in our ordinary shares.
77
This
description is based on the Code, and existing, proposed and
temporary U.S. Treasury regulations, and judicial and
administrative interpretations thereof, in each case as of the date
hereof. The U.S. tax laws and the interpretation thereof are
subject to change, which change could apply retroactively and could
affect the tax consequences described below.
A
“U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our Units,
Pre-Funded Units, common stock, Common Warrants, or Pre-Funded
Warrants that is, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes:
●
a
citizen or individual resident of the United States;
●
a
corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the
United States, any state thereof, or the District of
Columbia;
●
an
estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income
taxation regardless of its source; or
●
a
trust (A) the administration of which is subject to the primary
supervision of a court within the United States and which has one
or more U.S. persons who have the authority to control all of the
substantial decisions of such trust or (B) that has otherwise
validly elected to be treated as a U.S. person under applicable
U.S. Treasury regulations.
If
an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal
income tax purposes holds our Units or Pre-Funded Units or the
components thereof, the tax treatment of the partnership and a
partner in such partnership will generally depend on the status of
the partner (or other interest holder) and the activities of the
partnership. Such a partnership or partner in such a partnership
should consult its own tax advisors as to its own tax consequences
of acquiring, holding, or disposing of our ordinary
shares.
For
purposes of this discussion, a “Non-U.S. Holder” is a
holder of our Units, Pre-Funded Units, common stock, Common
Warrants, or Pre-Funded Warrants that is not a U.S. Holder and is
not an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S.
federal income tax purposes.
Prospective
investors should consult their own tax advisors concerning the U.S.
federal, state, local, foreign and other tax consequences of
acquiring, owning and disposing of our units and the components
thereof in light of their particular circumstances.
Characterization of Units and Allocation of Purchase
Price
No
statutory, administrative or judicial authority directly addresses
the treatment of a Unit, a Pre-Funded Unit, or any instrument
similar to these units for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and
therefore, that treatment is not entirely clear. We intend to take
the position that the acquisition or disposition of a Unit is
treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as the acquisition or
disposition of the underlying common stock and Common Warrants and
that the acquisition or disposition of a Pre-Funded Unit is treated
for U.S. federal income tax purposes as the acquisition or
disposition of the underlying Pre-Funded Warrants and Common
Warrants. By purchasing a Unit or Pre-Funded Unit, you will agree
to adopt such treatment for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For
U.S. federal income tax purposes, each holder of a Unit or
Pre-Funded Unit must allocate the purchase price paid by such
holder for such unit between the underlying common stock, Common
Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant based on the relative fair market
value of each at the time of issuance. Under U.S. federal income
tax law, each investor must make his or her own determination of
such value based on all the relevant facts and circumstances.
Therefore, we urge each investor to consult his or her tax own
advisors regarding the determination of value for these purposes.
The price allocated to each share of common stock, each Common
Warrant, and each Pre-Funded Warrant should be the
shareholder’s initial tax basis in such shares of common
stock or such Common Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant. We also intend
to take the position that the separation of the common stock and
Common Warrant constituting a Unit and the separation of a Common
Warrant and Pre-Funded Warrant constituting a Pre-Funded Unit is
not a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax
purposes.
The
foregoing treatment of the Units, Pre-Funded Units, common stock,
Common Warrants, and Pre-Funded Warrants and a holder’s
purchase price allocation is not binding on the U.S. Internal
Revenue Service (“IRS”) or the courts. Because there
are no authorities that directly address instruments that are
similar to the Units or Pre-Funded Units, no assurance can be given
that the IRS or the courts will agree with the characterization
described above or the discussion below. Accordingly, each
prospective investor is urged to consult its own tax advisors
regarding the tax consequences of an investment in a Unit or
Pre-Funded Unit (including alternative characterizations of the
same). The remainder of this discussion assumes that the
characterization of the Units and Pre-Funded Units described above
will be respected for U.S. federal income tax
purposes.
78
Characterization of Pre-Funded Warrants
Although
the characterization of the Pre-Funded Warrants for U.S.
federal income tax purposes is not entirely clear, because the
exercise price of the Pre-Funded Warrants is a nominal
amount, the Company expects to treat
the Pre-Funded Warrants as common stock of the Company
for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Except where noted, the
remainder of this discussion assumes that
the Pre-Funded Warrants will be so treated. Each holder
should consult its own tax advisors regarding the proper
characterization of the Pre-Funded Warrants for U.S.
federal, state and local, and non-U.S. tax purposes, and
the consequences to them of such treatment given their individual
circumstances.
Distributions
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends
on our common stock. However, if we do make distributions with
respect to our common stock of cash or other property (other than
certain distributions of common stock), such distributions will
constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the
extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, as
determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. To the extent
any distributions exceed our current and accumulated earnings and
profits, such distributions will first be treated as a tax-free
return of capital to the extent of a U.S. Holder’s U.S.
federal income tax basis in the common stock, and then will be
treated as gain from the sale of common stock. Amounts treated as
gain from the sale of common stock will be treated as capital gain
subject to the treatment described below in
“—Sale or Exchange of Common Stock and Common
Warrants.” Generally, for U.S. Holders that are individuals
(as well as certain trusts or estates), dividends paid by us will
be subject to U.S. federal income tax at preferential
rates.
Sale or Exchange of Common Stock and Common Warrants
A U.S.
Holder will generally recognize gain or loss on a sale or other
disposition of common stock or Common Warrants equal to the
difference, if any, between the fair market value of the common
stock or Common Warrants sold and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted
U.S. federal tax basis in the common stock or Common Warrants. The
determination of a U.S. Holder’s initial adjusted U.S.
federal tax basis is described above in “—Characterization of Units and
Allocation of Purchase Price.” If the U.S. Holder has
a holding period of more than one year, such gain generally will be
long-term capital gain or loss. Generally, for U.S. Holders who are
individuals (as well as certain trusts or estates), long-term
capital gains will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at
preferential rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject
to limitations.
Exercise or Lapse of a Common Warrant or Pre-Funded
Warrant
In
general, a U.S. Holder will not recognize gain or loss for U.S.
federal income tax purposes upon the exercise for cash of a Common
Warrant or the exercise of a Pre-Funded Warrant, except to the
extent the U.S. Holder receives a cash payment for any such
fractional share that would otherwise have been issuable upon
exercise of the Common Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant, which will be
treated as a sale subject to the rules described under
“—Sale or Other
Disposition of Common Stock or Common Warrants” above. A
common share acquired pursuant to the exercise of a Common Warrant
or Pre-Funded Warrant generally will have a tax basis equal to the
U.S. Holder’s tax basis in such Common Warrant or Pre-Funded
Warrant, increased by the amount paid to exercise such Common
Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant, and the holding period for such
common share generally will begin the day after the date of
exercise. Upon the lapse or expiration of a Common Warrant or
Pre-Funded Warrant, a U.S. Holder will recognize a loss equal to
such U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax basis in the
Common Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant. The deductibility of capital
losses is subject to limitations.
The
U.S. federal income tax consequences of a cashless exercise of
Common Warrants are unclear under current law and could differ from
the consequences described above. A cashless exercise could be
considered a taxable event. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their
own tax advisors regarding the cashless exercise of a Common
Warrant and the U.S. federal income tax treatment
thereof.
Certain Adjustments to the Common Warrants or Pre-Funded
Warrants
Under
Section 305(c) of the Code, an adjustment (or a failure to make an
adjustment) to the conversion ratio of a Common Warrant or
Pre-Funded Warrant that has the effect of increasing a U.S.
Holder’s proportionate interest in our assets or earnings
may, in some circumstances, result in a deemed distribution to a
U.S. Holder for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Adjustments to
the conversion rate made pursuant to a bona fide,
reasonable, adjustment formula that has the effect of preventing
the dilution of the interest of the holders of our Common Warrants
or Pre-Funded Warrants, however, generally will not be deemed to
result in a distribution to a U.S. Holder. Any such deemed
distribution could be taxable to a U.S. Holder as described above
under “—Distributions.”
79
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
U.S.
backup withholding and information reporting requirements will
generally apply to U.S. holders with respect to distributions on
our common shares, deemed distributions on Common Warrants or
Pre-Funded Warrants, and proceeds from the sale or disposition of
common shares, Common Warrants, or Pre-Funded Warrants, unless (i)
the U.S. Holder is an exempt recipient or (ii) in the case of
backup withholding, the U.S. Holder provides a correct taxpayer
identification number and certifies that such U.S. Holder is not
subject to backup withholding. A paying agent within the United
States will be required to withhold at the applicable statutory
rate, currently 24%. U.S. Holders who are required to establish
their exempt status generally must provide a properly completed IRS
Form W-9. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to a
U.S. Holder is not an additional tax and may be allowed as a credit
against such U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability
and may entitle the U.S. Holder to a refund, provided that the
required information is timely furnished to the IRS. U.S. Holders
should consult their own tax advisors concerning the application of
information reporting and backup withholding rules.
Non-U.S. Holders Distributions
We
have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock.
However, if we do make distributions with respect to our common
stock of cash or other property (other than certain distributions
of common stock), such distributions will constitute dividends for
U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent of our current and
accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal
income tax principles. To the extent any distributions exceed our
current and accumulated earnings and profits, such distributions
will first be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent
of a Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax basis in the
common stock, and then will be treated as gain from the sale of
common stock.
Dividends
paid to a Non-U.S. Holder will generally be subject to withholding
tax at a 30% rate unless the Non-U.S. Holder is eligible for the
benefits of an income tax treaty that provides for a reduced rate
of withholding and the Non-U.S. Holder establishes its eligibility
for the reduced rate by providing a properly executed IRS
Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or applicable
successor form) claiming an exemption from or reduction of the
withholding tax under the benefit of an applicable income tax
treaty.
Additionally,
a Non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to withholding tax
if such Non-U.S. Holder holds our common stock in connection with
the conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and,
if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder
maintains a permanent establishment in the United States to which
such dividends are attributable), dividends are paid in connection
with that trade or business, and such Non-U.S. Holder provides a
properly executed IRS Form W-8ECI (or applicable
successor form) stating that the dividends are effectively
connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a
trade or business within the United States. Instead, such Non-U.S.
Holder will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the
rates applicable to U.S. persons and, in the case of a corporate
Non-U.S. Holder, a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% or such
lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax
treaty.
If
a Non-U.S. Holder is eligible for a reduced rate of withholding,
such Non-U.S. Holder may file a refund claim with the IRS for a
refund of any amounts withheld in excess of such reduced
rate.
Sale or Exchange of Common Stock and Common Warrants
Non-U.S.
Holders will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on
any gain realized upon the sale or exchange of common stock or
Common Warrants unless:
●
The
gain is effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or
business within the United States (and, if required by an
applicable income tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder maintains a
permanent establishment in the United States to which such gains
are attributable);
●
The
Non-U.S. Holder is an individual present in the United States for a
period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar
year in which the sale or disposition occurs and certain other
conditions are met; or
●
We
are or have been within the five year period ending on the date of
disposition a “United States real property holding
corporation” (a “USRPHC”).
80
If
a Non-U.S. Holder is described in the first bullet above, such
Non-U.S. Holder will generally be subject to U.S. federal income
tax at the rates applicable to U.S. persons and, in the case of a
corporate Non-U.S. Holder, a branch profits tax at a rate of 30% or
such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax
treaty. If a Non-U.S. Holder is described in the second bullet
above, such Non-U.S. Holder will be required to pay a flat 30% tax
on the gain derived from the sale, which tax may be offset by
U.S.-source capital losses for the year.
With
respect to the third bullet above, we believe that we are not
currently, and have not been a USRPHC. However, because the
determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market
value of our U.S. real property relative to the fair market value
of certain of our other assets, there can be no assurance that we
will not become a USRPHC in the future. Even if we become a USRPHC,
however, as long as our common stock is regularly traded on an
established securities market, such common stock will be treated as
U.S. real property interests only if you actually or constructively
hold more than five percent of such regularly traded common stock
at any time during the shorter of the five-year period preceding
your disposition of, or your holding period for, our common stock.
Special rules may apply to the determination of the five percent
threshold in the case of a holder of a Common Warrant or Pre-Funded
Warrant. Non-U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax
advisors regarding the effect of holding our Common Warrants or
Pre-Funded Warrants on the calculation of such five percent
threshold.
Exercise or Lapse of a Common Warrant or Pre-Funded
Warrant
In
general, a Non-U.S. Holder will not recognize gain or loss for U.S.
federal income tax purposes upon the exercise for cash of a Common
Warrant or the exercise of a Pre-Funded Warrant, except to the
extent the Non-U.S. Holder receives a cash payment for any such
fractional share that would otherwise have been issuable upon
exercise of the Common Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant, which will be
treated as a sale subject to the rules described under
“—Sale or Other Disposition of Common Stock or Common
Warrants” above. Upon the lapse or expiration of a Common
Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant, a Non-U.S. Holder will recognize a
loss equal to such Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax
basis in the Common Warrant or Pre-Funded Warrant if the loss is
(i) effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business
within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income
tax treaty, the Non-U.S. Holder maintains a permanent establishment
in the United States to which such loss is attributable) or (ii)
treated as a loss from sources within the United States and the
Non-U.S. Holder is present 183 days or more in the taxable
year of disposition and certain other conditions are met. The
deductibility of capital losses is subject to
limitations.
The
U.S. federal income tax consequences of a cashless exercise of
Common Warrants are unclear under current law and could differ from
the consequences described above. A cashless exercise could be
considered a taxable event. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their
own tax advisors regarding the cashless exercise of a Common
Warrant and the U.S. federal income tax treatment
thereof.
Certain Adjustments to the Common Warrants or Pre-Funded
Warrants
Under
Section 305(c) of the Code, an adjustment (or a failure to make an
adjustment) to the conversion ratio of a Common Warrant or
Pre-Funded Warrant that has the effect of increasing a Non-U.S.
Holder’s proportionate interest in our assets or earnings
may, in some circumstances, result in a deemed distribution to a
Non-U.S. Holder for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Adjustments
to the conversion rate made pursuant to a bona fide,
reasonable, adjustment formula that has the effect of preventing
the dilution of the interest of the holders of our Common Warrants
or Pre-Funded Warrants, however, generally will not be deemed to
result in a distribution to a Non-U.S. Holder. Any such deemed
distribution would be taxable to a Non-U.S. Holder as described
above under “—Distributions.”
In
addition, regulations governing “dividend equivalents”
under Section 871(m) of the Code may apply to the Pre-Funded
Warrants. Under those regulations, an implicit or explicit payment
under the Pre-Funded Warrants that references a dividend
distribution on our common stock would possibly be taxable to a
Non-U.S. Holder as described under
“—Distributions” above. Such dividend equivalent
amount would be taxable and subject to withholding whether or not
there is actual payment of cash or other property. Non-U.S. Holders
are encouraged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the
application of Section 871(m) of the Code to the Pre-Funded
Warrants.
81
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Payments
to Non-U.S. Holders of dividends will generally not be subject to
backup withholding, and payments of proceeds made to Non-U.S.
Holders by brokers upon a sale of common stock, Common Warrants,
and Pre-Funded Warrants will generally not be subject to
information reporting or backup withholding, in each case so long
as the Non-U.S. Holders certifies its non-resident status (and we
or our paying agent do not have actual knowledge or reason to know
that the Non-U.S. Holders is a U.S. person or that the conditions
of any other exemption are not, in fact, satisfied) or otherwise
establishes an exemption. The certification procedures to claim a
reduced rate of withholding under an income tax treaty described
above in “Distributions” will generally satisfy the
certification requirements necessary to avoid backup withholding.
Copies of information returns with respect to dividends that are
filed with the IRS may also be made available to tax authorities of
the country in which the Non-U.S. Holder resides.
Backup
withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup
withholding may be credited against a Non-U.S. Holder’s US
federal income tax liability. A Non-U.S. Holder generally may
obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under the backup
withholding rules in excess of such Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S.
federal income tax liability by filing the appropriate claim for
refund with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service in a timely manner
and furnishing any required information.
FATCA
Withholding
taxes may be imposed under Sections 1471 to 1474 of the Code
(commonly referred to as the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act or
“FATCA”) on certain types of payments made to non-U.S.
financial institutions and certain other non-U.S. entities.
Specifically, a 30% withholding tax may be imposed on payments of
dividends if paid to a “foreign financial institution”
or a “non-financial foreign entity” (each as defined in
the Code), unless (1) the foreign financial institution enters into
an agreement with the United States Department of the Treasury to
undertake certain diligence and reporting obligations, (2) the
non-financial foreign entity either certifies it does not have any
“substantial United States owners” (as defined in the
Code) or furnishes identifying information regarding each
substantial United States owner, or (3) the foreign financial
institution or non-financial foreign entity otherwise qualifies for
an exemption from these rules. If the payee is a foreign financial
institution which entered into the agreement in (1) above, the
diligence and reporting requirements include, among other things,
that it undertake to identify accounts held by certain
“specified United States persons” or “United
States owned foreign entities” (each as defined in the Code),
annually report certain information about such accounts, and
withhold 30% on certain payments to non-compliant foreign financial
institutions and certain other account holders. An
intergovernmental agreement governing FATCA between the United
States and an applicable foreign country may modify the
requirements described in this paragraph.
The
FATCA withholding tax will apply to all withholdable payments
without regard to whether the beneficial owner of the payment would
otherwise be entitled to an exemption from withholding tax pursuant
to an applicable tax treaty with the United States or under other
provisions of the Code. Non-U.S. Holders are urged to consult their
tax advisors regarding the potential application of withholding
under FATCA.
THE US FEDERAL INCOME TAX SUMMARY SET FORTH ABOVE IS INCLUDED FOR
GENERAL INFORMATION ONLY. HOLDERS OF UNITS, PRE-FUNDED UNITS,
COMMON STOCK, COMMON WARRANTS, AND PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS SHOULD
CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS TO DETERMINE THE PARTICULAR TAX
CONSEQUENCES TO SUCH HOLDERS, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND
EFFECT OF STATE, LOCAL, AND NON-US TAX LAWS.
82
UNDERWRITING
We have
entered into an underwriting agreement with Roth Capital Partners,
LLC and Dawson James Securities, Inc. with respect to the offering.
Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement,
we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, and the underwriters
have agreed to purchase from us on a firm commitment basis, the
number of units set forth opposite its name in the table
below.
Underwriter
Number
of
Units
Roth
Capital Partners, LLC
Dawson James Securities, Inc,
Total
The
underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the
underwriters are subject to certain conditions precedent and that
the underwriters have agreed to purchase all of the Units sold
under the underwriting agreement if any of these Units are
purchased. The underwriters propose to offer to the public the
Units purchased pursuant to the underwriting agreement at the
public offering price per Unit on the cover page of this prospectus
supplement. The underwriters may offer some of the Units to other
securities dealers at such price less a concession of $ per Unit.
The underwriters may also allow, and such dealers may re-allow, a
concession not in excess of $ per Unit to other dealers. After the
Units are released for sale to the public, the underwriter may
change the offering price and other selling terms at various
times.
We have
granted to the underwriter an option, exercisable no later than 45
calendar days after the closing of this offering, to purchase
additional securities to cover over-allotments, if any, up to 15%
of the total number of securities offered, which may be exercised
for shares of common stock, warrants or both at the election of the
underwriters. If this option is exercised in full, the total
offering price to the public will be $ and the total net proceeds,
before expenses, to us will be $ . We will pay the expenses
associated with the exercise of the over-allotment
option.
Underwriting discounts and commissions
The
following table shows the underwriting discounts and commissions
that we are to pay to the underwriters in connection with this
offering. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and
full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment
option.
|
|
Per
Unit
|
Total
Without Over-Allotment
|
Total
With Over-Allotment
|
|
Public offering
price
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
Underwriting
discount (8%)*
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
|
Proceeds, before
expenses, to us
|
$
|
$
|
$
|
83
We have
also agreed to reimburse the underwriter for its expenses in
connection with this offering, up to $125,000. We estimate the
total expenses of this offering which will be payable by us,
excluding the underwriting discount and the underwriter’s
expenses payable by us, will be approximately $ .
Indemnification
We have
agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities,
including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to
payments the underwriters may be required to make because of any of
those liabilities.
Tail Financing
The
Representative will be entitled to the compensation set forth
herein with respect to any public or private offering or other
financing or capital-raising transaction of any kind (“Tail
Financing”) to the extent that such Tail Financing is
provided to the Company by any investors in this offering, if such
Tail Financing is consummated at any time within the 6-month period
following the Closing Date.
Underwriters’ Warrants
We have
also agreed to issue to the underwriters a warrant to purchase a
number of securities equal to 5% of the securities
sold in this offering. The underwriters’ warrant will have an
exercise price equal to 125% of the public offering price of the
combination of shares and warrants set forth on the cover of this
prospectus (or $ per share and accompanying warrant) and may be
exercised on a cashless basis. The underwriters’ warrant is
not redeemable by us. This prospectus also covers the sale of the
underwriters’ warrant and the shares of common stock
underlying such warrant. The underwriters’ warrant and the
underlying securities have been deemed compensation by FINRA, and
are therefore subject to FINRA Rule 5110. In accordance with FINRA
Rule 5110, neither the underwriters’ warrant nor any
securities issued upon exercise of the underwriters’ warrant
may be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged, or hypothecated, or be
the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put, or call
transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition
of such securities by any person for a period of 180 days
immediately following the date of effectiveness or commencement of
sales of the offering pursuant to which the underwriters’
warrant is being issued, except the transfer of any security: (i)
by operation of law or by reason of reorganization of our company;
(ii) to any FINRA member firm participating in this offering and
the officers or partners thereof, if all securities so transferred
remain subject to the lock-up restriction described above for the
remainder of the time period; (iii) if the aggregate amount of our
securities held by either an underwriter or a related person do not
exceed 1% of the securities being offered; (iv) that is
beneficially owned on a pro-rata basis by all equity owners of an
investment fund, provided that no participating member manages or
otherwisedirects investments by the fund, and participating members
in the aggregate do not own more than 10% of the equity in the
fund; or (v) the exercise or conversion of any security, if all
securities received remain subject to the lock-up restriction set
forth above for the remainder of the time period.
Lock-up Agreements
In
connection with this offering, we agreed that we will not: (i)
offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract
to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any
option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer
or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our capital
stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or
exchangeable for shares of our capital stock; (ii) file or cause to
be filed any registration statement with the SEC relating to the
offering of any shares of our capital stock or any securities
convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our
capital stock; or (iii) enter into any swap or other arrangement
that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic
consequences of ownership of our capital stock, whether any such
transaction described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above is to be
settled by delivery of shares of our capital stock or such other
securities, in cash or otherwise, in each case without the prior
consent of the underwriters for a period of twelve months after the
date of the Underwriting Agreement, other than (A) the securities
sold in this offering, or (B) the issuance by us of shares of our
common stock upon the exercise of a stock option or warrant or the
conversion of a security outstanding on the date of this
prospectus, hereafter issued pursuant to our currently existing or
hereafter adopted equity compensation plans or employment or
consulting agreements or arrangements of which the underwriters
have been advised in writing or which have been filed with the
SEC.
84
Our
executive officers and directors, and certain holders of at least
5% or more of our common stock have agreed to enter into lock-up
agreements in connection with this offering. Under the lock-up
agreements, subject to certain exceptions, each of these persons
may not, without the prior written approval of the underwriters,
offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge, or otherwise dispose of,
directly or indirectly, or hedge our common stock or securities
convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our common
stock. These restrictions remain in effect and will generally
terminate on the six-month anniversary after the closing
date.
Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids
The
underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, short sales
and purchases to cover positions created by short sales, and
penalty bids or purchases for the purpose of pegging, fixing or
maintaining the price of the common stock, in accordance with
Regulation M under the Exchange Act:
●
Stabilizing
transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so
long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified
maximum.
●
A short position
involves a sale by the underwriters of shares in excess of the
number of shares the underwriters are obligated to purchase in the
offering, which creates the syndicate short position. This short
position may be either a covered short position or a naked short
position. In a covered short position, the number of shares
involved in the sales made by the underwriters in excess of the
number of shares they are obligated to purchase is not greater than
the number of shares that they may purchase by exercising their
option to purchase additional shares. In a naked short position,
the number of shares involved is greater than the number of shares
in their option to purchase additional shares. The underwriters may
close out any short position by either exercising their option to
purchase additional shares and/or purchasing shares in the open
market. In determining the source of shares to close out the short
position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the
price of shares available for purchase in the open market as
compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through
their option to purchase additional shares. A naked short position
is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that
there could be downward pressure on the price of the shares in the
open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who
purchase in the offering.
●
Syndicate covering
transactions involve purchases of the common stock in the open
market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover
syndicate short positions.
●
Penalty bids permit
the representatives to reclaim a selling concession from a
syndicate member when the common stock originally sold by the
syndicate member is purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate
covering transaction to cover syndicate short
positions.
These
stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and
penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the
market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a
decline in the market price of the common stock. As a result, the
price of the common stock may be higher than the price that might
otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may be
effected on the Nasdaq Capital Market or otherwise and, if
commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
Neither
we nor any of the underwriters make any representation or
prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the
transactions described above may have on the price of the common
stock. In addition, neither we nor any of the underwriters make any
representation that the representatives will engage in these
stabilizing transactions or that any transaction, once commenced,
will not be discontinued without notice.
85
Electronic Distribution
A
prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the
Internet sites or through other online services maintained by one
or more of the underwriters and/or selling group members
participating in this offering, or by their affiliates. In those
cases, prospective investors may view offering terms online and,
depending upon the particular underwriter or selling group member,
prospective investors may be allowed to place orders online. The
underwriters may agree with us to allocate a specific number of
shares for sale to online brokerage account holders. Any such
allocation for online distributions will be made by the
representatives on the same basis as other
allocations.
Other
than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on any
underwriter’s or selling group member’s web site and
any information contained in any other web site maintained by an
underwriter or selling group member is not part of the prospectus
or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a
part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or any
underwriter or selling group member in its capacity as underwriter
or selling group member and should not be relied upon by
investors.
Listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market
Our
common stock is presently quoted on the OTCQB, one of the OTC
Markets Group over-the-counter markets, under the trading symbol
“GTBP.” We have applied to list our common stock on the
Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “GTBP.” No
assurance can be given that our application will be approved or
that the trading prices of our common stock on the OTCQB market
will be indicative of the prices of our common stock if our common
stock were traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market.
Other Relationships
The
underwriters and certain of their affiliates are full service
financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may
include securities trading, commercial and investment banking,
financial advisory, investment management, investment research,
principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities.
The underwriters and certain of their affiliates have, from time to
time, performed, and may in the future perform, various commercial
and investment banking and financial advisory services for the
issuer and its affiliates, for which they received or may in the
future receive customary fees and expenses.
In the
ordinary course of their various business activities, the
underwriters and certain of their affiliates may make or hold a
broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity
securities (or related derivative securities) and financial
instruments (including bank loans) fortheir own account and for the
accounts of their customers, and such investment and securities
activities may involve securities and/or instruments of the issuer
or its affiliates. If the underwriters or their affiliates have a
lending relationship with us, they routinely hedge their credit
exposure to us consistent with their customary risk management
policies. The underwriters and their affiliates may hedge such
exposure by entering into transactions which consist of either the
purchase of credit default swaps or the creation of short positions
in our securities or the securities of our affiliates, including
potentially the shares of common stock offered hereby. Any such
credit default swaps or short positions could adversely affect
future trading prices of the shares of common stock offered hereby.
The underwriters and certain of their affiliates may also
communicate independent investment recommendations, market color or
trading ideas and/or publish or express independent research views
in respect of such securities or instruments and may at any time
hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short
positions in such securities and instruments.
Selling Restrictions
This
prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell to, or a
solicitation of an offer to buy from, anyone in any country or
jurisdiction (i) in which such an offer or solicitation is not
authorized, (ii) in which any person making such offer or
solicitation is not qualified to do so or (iii) in which any such
offeror solicitation would otherwise be unlawful. No action has
been taken that would, or is intended to, permit a public offer of
the shares of common stock or possession or distribution of this
prospectus or any other offering or publicity material relating to
the shares of common stock in any country or jurisdiction (other
than the United States) where any such action for that purpose is
required. Accordingly, each underwriter has undertaken that it will
not, directly or indirectly, offer or sell any shares of common
stock or have in its possession, distribute or publish any
prospectus, form of application, advertisement or other document or
information in any country or jurisdiction except under
circumstances that will, to the best of its knowledge and belief,
result in compliance with any applicable laws and regulations and
all offers and sales of shares of common stock by it will be made
on the same terms.
86
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the common stock offered by this prospectus will be
passed upon for us by Baker & McKenzie LLP, Dallas, Texas.
Certain legal matters in connection with the offering will be
passed upon for the underwriters by Schiff Hardin LLP, Washington,
DC.
DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION FOR SECURITIES
ACT LIABILITIES
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons
controlling the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions,
the registrant has been informed that in the opinion of the SEC
such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
EXPERTS
The financial statements of GT Biopharma, Inc. at December 31, 2019
and 2018, and for each of the two years in the period ending
December 31, 2019, appearing in this prospectus have been audited
by Seligson & Giannattasio, LLP, an independent registered
public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon
appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such
report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting
and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed a registration statement on Form S-1 under the
Securities Act with the SEC with respect to this offering. This
prospectus was filed as a part of that registration statement but
does not contain all of the
information contained in the registration statement and exhibits.
Reference is thus made to the omitted information. Statements made
in this prospectus are summaries of the material terms of
contracts, agreements and
documents and are not necessarily complete; however,
all information we considered material
has been disclosed. Reference is made to each exhibit for a more
complete description of the matters involved and these statements
are qualified in their entirety by the reference. The SEC also
maintains a web site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains this filed
registration statement, reports and other information regarding us
that we have filed electronically with the SEC. For more
information pertaining to our company and this offering, reference is made to
the registration statement.
87
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Audited Consolidated Financial Statements of GT Biopharma,
Inc.
|
Report of Independent Registered
Public Accounting
Firm
|
F-2
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of
December 31, 2019 and
2018
|
F-3
|
|
Consolidated Statement of Operations For Years Ended December 31,
2019 and 2018
|
F-4
|
|
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity For Years
Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
|
F-5
|
|
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows For Years Ended December 31,
2019 and 2018
|
F-6
|
|
Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements
|
F-7
|
Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements of GT Biopharma,
Inc.
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)
and December 31, 2019
|
F-21
|
|
Consolidated Statements of
Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020
and 2019 (Unaudited)
|
F-23
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash
Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
(Unaudited)
|
F-25
|
|
Condensed Notes to Consolidated
Financial
Statements
|
F-26
|
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING
FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of GT Biopharma,
Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of GT
Biopharma, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of
December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements
of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each
of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2019, and
the related notes (collectively
referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the
consolidated financial statements present fairly, in
all material respects, the
consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31,
2019 and 2018 and the consolidated results of its operations and
its consolidated cash flows for each of the years in the two-year
period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of
America.
Basis of Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the
Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements
based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered
with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States)
(“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with
respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal
securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the
Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the
PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated
financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due
to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we
engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial
reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not
for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of
material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to
error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those
risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis,
evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as
well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial
statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been
prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As
discussed in Note 1 to the
financial statements, the Company has incurred significant
recurring losses. The realization of a major portion of its assets
is dependent upon its ability to meet its future financing needs
and the success of its future operations. These factors raise
substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as
a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not
include any adjustments that might result from this
uncertainty.
/s/ Seligson &
Giannattasio, LLP
Seligson & Giannattasio, LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since
2008.
White Plains, New York
March 27, 2020
F-2
GT Biopharma, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except par value and share data)
|
|
December 31,
2019
|
December 31,
2018
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
Current
Assets:
|
|
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
$28
|
$60
|
|
Prepaid
expenses
|
246
|
30
|
|
Total
Current Assets
|
274
|
90
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangible
assets
|
-
|
25,262
|
|
Operating
lease right-to use asset
|
110
|
-
|
|
Deposits
|
12
|
12
|
|
Fixed
assets, net
|
-
|
35
|
|
Total
Other Assets
|
122
|
25,309
|
|
TOTAL
ASSETS
|
$396
|
$25,399
|
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
|
|
|
Current
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
$1,940
|
$1,762
|
|
Accrued
expenses
|
2,379
|
1,023
|
|
Accrued
interest
|
2,029
|
432
|
|
Line
of credit
|
31
|
31
|
|
Note
Payable to Related Party
|
-
|
100
|
|
Deferred
Rent
|
-
|
8
|
|
Operating
lease liability
|
120
|
|
|
Convertible
debentures
|
13,207
|
10,673
|
|
Total
Current Liabilities
|
19,706
|
14,029
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
liabilities
|
19,706
|
14,029
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and
Contingencies
|
|
|
|
Stockholders’
(deficit) Equity:
|
|
|
|
Convertible
preferred stock - $0.001 par value; 15,000,000 shares
authorized:
|
|
|
|
Series
C - 96,230 and 96,230 shares issued and outstanding at December 31,
2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
|
1
|
1
|
|
Series
J – 2,353,548 and 1,163,548 shares issued and outstanding at
December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
|
2
|
1
|
|
Common
stock - $0.001 par value; 750,000,000 shares authorized; and
69,784,699 and 50,650,478 shares issued and outstanding at December
31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
|
70
|
51
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
548,118
|
540,171
|
|
Accumulated
deficit
|
(567,332)
|
(528,685)
|
|
Noncontrolling
interest
|
(169)
|
(169)
|
|
Total
Stockholders’ (deficit) Equity
|
(19,310)
|
11,370
|
|
TOTAL
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
$396
|
$25,399
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated
financial statements.
F-3
GT Biopharma, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands except per share data)
|
|
December 31
|
|
|
|
2019
|
2018
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
Research
and development
|
$1,667
|
$9,067
|
|
Selling,
general and administrative expenses
|
9,790
|
12,487
|
|
Loss
on impairment
|
4,599
|
228,515
|
|
Total
operating expenses
|
16,056
|
250,069
|
|
Loss
from operations
|
(16,056)
|
(250,069)
|
|
Other income (expense):
|
|
|
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
(20,463)
|
-
|
|
Interest
expense
|
(2,128)
|
(9,117)
|
|
Total
other income (expense)
|
(22,591)
|
(9,117)
|
|
Loss
before provision for income taxes
|
(38,647)
|
(259,186)
|
|
Provision
for income tax
|
-
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
$(38,647)
|
$(259,186)
|
|
Net
loss per common share – basic and diluted
|
$(0.67)
|
$(5.16)
|
|
Weighted
average common shares outstanding – basic and
diluted
|
57,527
|
50,240
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated
financial statements.
F-4
GT Biopharma, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity
For the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
|
|
Preferred Shares
|
Common Shares
|
Paid-in
|
Accumulated
|
||
|
|
Shares
|
Amount
|
Shares
|
Amount
|
Capital
|
Deficit
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2018
|
1,260
|
$2
|
50,118
|
$50
|
$521,305
|
$(269,499)
|
|
Issuance of
warrants
|
|
|
|
|
8,304
|
|
|
Issuance of
common stock for convertible notes
|
|
|
162
|
0
|
325
|
|
|
Beneficial
conversion feature on convertible notes
|
|
|
|
|
544
|
|
|
Issuance of
common stock for compensation
|
|
|
370
|
1
|
9,693
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
(259,186)
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2018
|
1,260
|
$2
|
50,650
|
$51
|
$540,171
|
$(528,685)
|
|
Issuance of
preferred stock
|
1,190
|
1
|
|
|
1,139
|
|
|
Issuance of
common stock for convertible notes
|
|
|
3,484
|
3
|
1,357
|
|
|
Beneficial
conversion feature on convertible notes
|
|
|
|
|
158
|
|
|
Issuance of
common stock for compensation
|
|
|
15,650
|
16
|
5,293
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
(38,647)
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2019
|
2,450
|
$3
|
69,784
|
$70
|
$548,118
|
$(567,332)
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated
financial statements.
F-5
GT Biopharma, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
|
|
Twelve Months Ended
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
2018
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
$(38,647)
|
$(259,186)
|
|
Adjustments
to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating
activities:
|
|
|
|
Depreciation
|
4
|
7
|
|
Loss
on impairment of long-lived assets
|
4,599
|
228,515
|
|
Loss
on the disposal of assets
|
20,494
|
-
|
|
Stock
compensation expense for options and warrants issued to
employees and non-employees
|
5,308
|
9,696
|
|
Amortization
of debt discounts
|
505
|
8,663
|
|
Non-cash
interest expense
|
1,140
|
441
|
|
Amortization
of loan costs
|
-
|
1,076
|
|
Changes
in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
Prepaid
Expenses
|
(216)
|
(30)
|
|
Other
assets
|
-
|
(3)
|
|
Other
liabilities
|
-
|
8
|
|
Accounts
payable and accrued liabilities
|
3,154
|
136
|
|
Net
cash used in operating activities
|
(3,659)
|
(10,677)
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
Acquisition
of fixed assets
|
|
(36)
|
|
Disposal
of fixed assets
|
200
|
-
|
|
Net
cash used by investing activities
|
200
|
(36)
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
Proceeds
from notes payable
|
3,527
|
15,145
|
|
Loan
costs
|
-
|
(533)
|
|
Repayment
of note payable
|
(100)
|
(4,415)
|
|
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
3,427
|
10,197
|
|
NET
(DECREASE) INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
|
(32)
|
(516)
|
|
CASH
AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - Beginning of period
|
60
|
576
|
|
CASH
AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - End of period
|
$28
|
$60
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
|
|
|
|
Issuance
of common stock upon conversion of convertible notes
|
$1,360
|
$325
|
|
Issuance
of common stock for interest expense
|
$21
|
$-
|
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
F-6
1. The
Company
Business
In 1965, the corporate predecessor of GT Biopharma, Diagnostic
Data, Inc. was incorporated in the State of California.
Diagnostic Data changed its
incorporation to the State of Delaware in 1972; and changed its
name to DDI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in 1985. In 1994, DDI
Pharmaceuticals merged with International BioClinical, Inc. and
Bioxytech S.A. and changed its name to OXIS International, Inc. In
July 2017, the Company changed its name to GT Biopharma,
Inc.
We are a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development and
commercialization of novel immuno-oncology products based off our proprietary
Tri-specific Killer Engager
(TriKE™), Tetra-specific
Killer Engager (TetraKE™) and bi-specific ligand-directed
single-chain fusion protein technology platforms. Our
TriKE and TetraKE platforms generate
proprietary therapeutics designed to harness and enhance the cancer
killing abilities of a patient’s own natural killer cells, or
NK cells. Once bound to an NK cell, our moieties are designed to
enhance the NK cell and precisely direct it to one or more
specifically-targeted proteins expressed on a specific type of
cancer cell or virus infected cell, ultimately resulting in the
targeted cell’s death. TriKEs and TetraKEs are made up of recombinant
fusion proteins, can be designed to target any number of tumor
antigens on hematologic malignancies, sarcomas or solid tumors and
do not require patient-specific customization.
Basis of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the
accounts of GT Biopharma, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
All intercompany balances and
transactions have been eliminated. The Company’s financial
statements are prepared using the accrual method of
accounting.
Going Concern
The Company’s current operations have focused on business
planning, raising capital, establishing an intellectual property
portfolio, hiring, and conducting preclinical studies and clinical
trials. The Company does not have any product candidates approved for sale and has not
generated any revenue from product sales. The Company has sustained operating
losses since inception and expects such losses to continue over the
foreseeable future.
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared on a
going- concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets
and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of
business. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include any
adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to
continue in existence.
The Company has incurred substantial losses and negative cash flows
from operations since its inception and has an accumulated deficit
of $567 million and cash of $28 thousand as of December 30, 2019.
The Company anticipates incurring additional losses until such
time, if ever, that it can generate significant sales of its
products currently in development.
Substantial additional financing will be needed by the Company to
fund its operations and to commercially develop its
product candidates. These factors
raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to
continue as a going concern.
Management is currently evaluating different strategies to obtain
the required funding for future operations. These strategies may
include but are not limited to: public offerings of equity and/or
debt securities, payments from potential strategic research and
development, and licensing and/or marketing arrangements with
pharmaceutical companies. If
the Company is unable to secure adequate additional funding, its
business, operating results, financial condition and cash flows may
be materially and adversely affected.
Use of Estimates
The financial statements and notes are representations of the Company’s
management, which is responsible for their integrity and
objectivity. These accounting policies conform to accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America and
have been consistently applied in the preparation of the financial
statements. The preparation of financial statements requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and
disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the
financial statements. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
F-7
Segment Information
Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise
about which separate discrete financial information is available
for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making
decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance.
To date, the Company has viewed its operations and manages its
business as one segment operating in the United States of
America.
2. Summary of Significant
Accounting Policies
Advertising and promotional fees
Advertising expenses consist primarily of costs incurred in the
design, development, and printing of Company literature and
marketing materials. The Company expenses all advertising expenditures as incurred. There
were no advertising expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019
and 2018, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all
highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months
or less to be cash equivalents.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents, marketable
securities and accounts receivable are monitored for exposure to
concentrations of credit risk. The Company maintains
substantially all of its cash
balances in a limited number of financial institutions. The
balances are each insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation up to $250,000. The Company had no balances in excess
of this limit at December 31, 2019.
Stock Based Compensation to Employees
The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation for employees
in accordance with Accounting
Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718. The Company
recognizes in the statement of operations the grant-date fair value
of stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to
employees and non-employees over the related vesting
period.
The Company granted no stock options during the years ended
December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Long-Lived Assets
Our long-lived assets include property, plant and equipment,
capitalized costs of filing patent applications and other
indefinite lived intangible assets. We evaluate our long-lived
assets for impairment, other than indefinite lived intangible
assets, in accordance with ASC 360, whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may
not be recoverable. Estimates of future cash flows and timing of
events for evaluating long-lived assets for impairment are based
upon management’s judgment. If any of our intangible or
long-lived assets are considered to be impaired, the amount of
impairment to be recognized is the excess of the carrying amount of
the assets over its fair value.
Applicable long-lived assets are amortized or depreciated over the
shorter of their estimated useful lives, the estimated period that
the assets will generate revenue, or the statutory or contractual
term in the case of patents. Estimates of useful lives and periods
of expected revenue generation are reviewed periodically for
appropriateness and are based upon management’s
judgment.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company’s long-lived assets currently consist of
indefinite lived intangible assets associated with IPR&D
(“In-Process Research & Development”) projects and
related capitalized patents acquired in the acquisition of
Georgetown Translational Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as described in Note
3 below. Intangible assets associated with IPR&D projects are
not amortized until approval by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) is obtained in a major market subject to certain specified
conditions and management judgment. The useful life of an
amortizing asset generally is determined by identifying the period
in which substantially all of
the cash flows are expected to be generated.
F-8
The Company evaluates indefinite lived intangible assets for
impairment at least annually and whenever impairment indicators are
present in accordance with ASC 350. When necessary, the Company
records an impairment loss for the amount by which the fair value
is less than the carrying value of these assets. The fair value of
intangible assets other than goodwill is typically determined using
the “relief from royalty method”, specifically the
discounted cash flow method utilizing Level 3 fair value inputs. Some of the more
significant estimates and assumptions inherent in this approach
include: the amount and timing of the projected net cash flows,
which includes the expected impact of competitive, legal and/or
regulatory forces on the projections and the impact of
technological risk associated with IPR&D assets, as well as the
selection of a long-term growth rate; the discount rate, which
seeks to reflect the various risks inherent in the projected cash
flows; and the tax rate, which seeks to incorporate the geographic
diversity of the projected cash flows.
The Company performs impairment testing for all other long-lived assets whenever impairment
indicators are present. When necessary, the Company calculates the
undiscounted value of the projected cash flows associated with the
asset, or asset group, and compares this estimated amount to the
carrying amount. If the carrying amount is found to be greater, we
record an impairment loss for the excess of book value over fair
value.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability
approach, whereby deferred income tax assets and liabilities are
recognized for the estimated future tax effects, based on current
enacted tax laws, of temporary differences between financial and
tax reporting for current and prior periods. Deferred tax assets
are reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance if the
corresponding future tax benefits may not be realized.
Net Income (Loss) per Share
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net
loss for the period by the weighted average number of common shares
outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share
is computed by dividing the net loss for the period by the weighted
average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus
the potential dilutive effect of common shares issuable upon
exercise or conversion of outstanding stock options and
warrants during the
period.
During 2019, there were three repricings related to the
conversion
price of the convertible debt and the exercise price of the
warrants.
The Company prepared the calculations of the change in value
pursuant to ASU 2017-11, and
determined there was no deemed dividend to include in the
calculation of earnings per share.
The computation of basic and diluted net loss per share for the
years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 excludes the
common stock equivalents of the
following potentially dilutive securities because their inclusion
would be anti-dilutive:
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
2018
|
|
Exercise
of common stock warrants
|
9,065,265
|
1,813,053
|
|
Conversion
of preferred stock into common stock
|
11,768,295
|
1,163,659
|
|
Conversion
of convertible debentures into common stock
|
66,136,870
|
5,704,543
|
|
Exercise
of common stock options
|
40
|
1,113
|
|
|
86,970,470
|
8,682,368
|
Patents
Acquired patents are capitalized at their acquisition cost or fair
value. The legal costs, patent registration fees and models and
drawings required for filing patent applications are capitalized if
they relate to commercially viable technologies. Commercially
viable technologies are those technologies that are projected to
generate future positive cash flows in the near term. Legal costs
associated with patent applications that are not determined to be
commercially viable are expensed as incurred. All research and development costs incurred in
developing the patentable idea are expensed as incurred. Legal fees
from the costs incurred in successful defense to the extent of an
evident increase in the value of the patents are
capitalized.
F-9
Capitalized costs for pending patents are amortized on a
straight-line basis over the remaining twenty-year legal life of
each patent after the costs have been incurred. Once each patent is
issued, capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis
over the shorter of the patent’s remaining statutory life,
estimated economic life or ten years.
Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed on a
straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets,
which are 3 to 10 years for machinery and equipment and the shorter
of the lease term or estimated economic life for leasehold
improvements.
Fair Value
The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for current
liabilities qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable
estimate of fair value because of the short period of time between
the origination of such instruments and their expected realization
and their current market rate of interest. The three levels are
defined as follows:
●
Level 1 inputs to the valuation methodology are
quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in
active markets. The Company’s Level 1 assets include cash
equivalents, primarily institutional money market funds, whose
carrying value represents fair value because of their short-term
maturities of the investments held by these
funds.
●
Level 2 inputs to the valuation methodology
include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active
markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability,
either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of
the financial instrument. The Company’s Level 2 liabilities consist of
liabilities arising from the issuance of convertible securities and
in accordance with ASC 815-40. These liabilities are remeasured
each reporting period if required by ASC 815-40. Fair value is
determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model based on observable
market inputs, such as share price data and a discount rate
consistent with that of a government-issued security of a similar
maturity. There were no such liabilities at December 31, 2019
..
●
Level 3 inputs to the valuation methodology are
unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. The
Company does not have any assets or liabilities measured
using Level 3
inputs.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and
reported as research and development expense. Research and
development costs totaled $1.7 million and $9.1 million for the
years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Research and
development costs for the year ended December 31, 2018 included
non-cash compensation of $6.8 million.
Leases
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board
(“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No.
2016-02, “Leases.” This ASU requires
all lessees to be recognized on the
balance sheet as right to use assets and lease liabilities for the
rights and obligations created by lease arrangements with terms
greater than 12 months. The Company adopted the ASU as of January
1, 2019. The effect of the adoption of the ASU was to increase the
other assets and liabilities by approximately
$174,000.
3.
Intangibles
On September 1, 2017, the Company entered into an
Agreement and Plan of Merger whereby it acquired 100% of the
issued and outstanding capital stock of Georgetown Translational
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (GTP). In exchange for the ownership of GTP,
the Company issued a total of 16,927,878 shares of its
common stock, having a share price of
$15.00 on the date of the transaction, to the three prior owners of
GTP which represented 33% of the issued and outstanding capital
stock of the Company on a fully diluted basis. $253.8 million of
the value of shares issued was allocated to intangible assets
consisting of a portfolio of three CNS development candidates,
which are classified as IPR&D.
F-10
For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recorded an
intangible asset impairment charge of $228.5 million related to the
portfolio of CNS IPR&D assets within Operating Expenses, which represents the excess
carrying value compared to fair value. The impairment charge was
the result of both internal and external factors. In the 3rd
quarter of 2018, the Company experienced changes in key senior
management, led by the appointment of a new CEO with extensive
experience in oncology drug development. These changes resulted in
the prioritization of immuno-oncology development candidates
relative to CNS development candidates. In conjunction with these
strategic changes, limited internal resources delayed the
development of the CNS IPR&D assets. The limited resources,
changes in senior leadership, and favorable market conditions for
immuno-oncology development candidates have resulted in the Company
choosing to focus on development of its immuno-oncology portfolio.
In light of this shift in market strategy, the Company performed a
commercial assessment and a valuation of the CNS IPR&D assets,
both to assess fair value and support potential future licensing
efforts. The valuation indicated an excess carrying value over the
fair value of these assets, resulting in the impairment charge
noted above.
The fair value of the CNS IPR&D assets was determined using the
discounted cash flow method which utilized significant estimates
and assumptions surrounding the amount and timing of the projected
net cash flows, which includes the probability of
commercialization, the assumption that the assets would be
out-licensed to third-parties for continued development for upfront
licensing fees and downstream royalty payments based on net sales,
and expected impact of competitive, legal and/or regulatory forces
on the projections, as well as the selection of a long-term growth
rate; the discount rate, which seeks to reflect the various risks
inherent in the projected cash flows; and the tax rate, which seeks
to incorporate the geographic diversity of the projected cash
flows.
On September 19, 2019, the Company entered into an Asset
Purchase Agreement (the
“Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company sold its
rights, titles and interests, including associated patents, to the
pharmaceutical product designated by the Company as GTB-004 (the “Product”).
Under the Agreement, the Product was purchased by DAS Therapeutics,
Inc. who the Company believes is well positioned to take over the
clinical development of the Product including obtaining timely
approval by the FDA.
The Company received $200,000 at closing. The Company will also
participate in the future commercial value of the Product by
receiving $6,000,000 upon the achievement of certain sales
objectives. In addition, the Company will receive a royalty equal
to 1.5% of U.S. sales until such time as the last of the patents
associated with the Product expires. The Company reflected a loss
in the year ended December 31, 2019 totaling
$20,463,000.
As a result of the loss reported on the sale of the Product, as
well as the response received on inquiries related to the other two
projects, the Company determined that the remaining value related
to these remaining projects should be fully impaired. During the
year ended December 31, 2019, the Company reported an impairment
charge for these projects totaling $4,599,000.
4. Debt
Convertible Notes
On January 22, 2018, the Company entered into a Securities
Purchase Agreement (“SPA”)
with fourteen accredited investors (individually, a
“Buyer” and collectively, the “Buyers”)
pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue to the
Buyers senior convertible notes in an
aggregate principal amount of $7,760,510 (the “Notes”),
which Notes shall be convertible into the Company’s common
stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”)
at a price of $4.58 per share, and five-year warrants to purchase
the Company’s Common Stock representing the right to acquire
an aggregate of approximately 1,694,440 shares of Common Stock (the
“Warrants”).
Pursuant to the terms of SPA the Notes were subject to an original
issue discount of 10% resulting in proceeds to the Company of
$7,055,000 from the transaction.
Upon the purchase of the Notes, the Buyers received Warrants to purchase 1,694,440
shares of Common Stock. Such Warrants are exercisable for (5) years
from the date the shares underlying the Warrants are freely
saleable. The initial Exercise
Price is $4.58. According to the terms of the warrant agreement, the Warrants are subject to certain
adjustments depending upon the price and structure of a subsequent
financing, including a qualified financing with gross proceeds of
at least $20 million, as defined in the agreements.
F-11
The issuance of the Notes and Warrants were made in reliance on the
exemption provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of
1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) for the offer
and sale of securities not involving a public offering, and
Regulation D promulgated under the Securities
Act.
Contemporaneously with the execution and delivery of the SPA, the
Company and the Buyers executed
and delivered a Registration Rights Agreement (the
“Registration Rights Agreement”) pursuant to which the
Company has agreed to provide certain registration rights with
respect to the Registrable
Securities under the 1933 Act and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder, and applicable state securities
laws.
Senior Convertible Debentures
On August 2, 2018, GT Biopharma, Inc. (the “Company”)
entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with the purchasers identified
on the signature pages thereto (individually, a
“Purchaser,” and collectively, the
“Purchasers”) pursuant to which the Company issued to
the Purchasers one year
10% Senior Convertible
Debentures in an aggregate principal amount of $5,140,000 (the
“Debentures”), which Debentures shall be convertible
into the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share
(the “Common Stock”), at a price of $2 per share. The
Company used a portion of these proceeds to repay $4.4 million of
the notes issued on January 22,
2018. Additionally, the remaining $3.3 million of the
notes issued on January 22, 2018 were
converted into the Debentures at the same terms discussed
above.
On September 7, 2018, GT Biopharma, Inc. (the
“Company”) entered into a Securities
Purchase Agreement with the purchasers
identified on the signature pages thereto (individually, a
“Purchaser,” and collectively, the
“Purchasers”) pursuant to which the Company has issued
to the Purchasers one year
10% Senior Convertible
Debentures in an aggregate principal amount of $2,050,000 (the
“Debentures”), which Debentures shall be convertible
into the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share
(the “Common Stock”), at an initial price of $2 per
share.
On September 24, 2018, GT Biopharma, Inc. (the
“Company”) entered into a Securities
Purchase Agreement with the purchasers
identified on the signature pages thereto (individually, a
“Purchaser,” and collectively, the
“Purchasers”) pursuant to which the Company has issued
to the Purchasers one year
10% Senior Convertible
Debentures in an aggregate principal amount of $800,000 (the
“Debentures”), which Debentures shall be convertible
into the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share
(the “Common Stock”), at an initial price of $2 per
share.
On February 4, 2019, GT Biopharma, Inc. (the “Company”)
entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase
Agreement”) with the 15 purchasers (individually, a
“Purchaser,” and collectively, the
“Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company issued to
the Purchasers, on February
4, 2019, Secured Convertible
Notes in an aggregate principal amount of $1,352,224 (the
“Notes”), consisting of gross proceeds of $1,052,224
and settlement of existing debt of $300,000, which Notes shall be
convertible at any time after issuance into shares (the
“Conversion Shares”) of the Company’s common
stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”),
at an initial conversion price of $0.60 per share (the
“Conversion Price”).
The Notes accrue interest at the rate of 10% per annum and mature
on August 2, 2019. Interest on the Notes is payable in cash or, at
a Purchaser’s option, in
shares of Common Stock at the Conversion Price. Upon the occurrence
of an event of default, interest accrues at 18% per annum. The
Notes contain customary default provisions, including provisions
for potential acceleration, and covenants, including negative
covenants regarding additional indebtedness and dividends. The
Conversion Price is subject to adjustment due to certain events,
including stock dividends and stock splits, and is subject to
reduction in certain circumstances if the Company issues Common
Stock or Common Stock equivalents at an effective price per share
that is lower than the Conversion Price then in effect. The Company
may only prepay the Notes with the prior written consent of the
respective Purchasers
thereof.
Contemporaneously with the execution and delivery of the Purchase
Agreement, on February 4, 2019, the Company and certain of its
wholly-owned subsidiaries entered into a Security Agreement (the
“Security Agreement”) with Alpha Capital Anstalt, as collateral agent on
behalf of the Purchasers, and
with the Purchasers, pursuant
to which the Purchasers have
been granted a first-priority security interest in
substantially all of the assets
of the Company and such subsidiaries securing (i) an aggregate
principal amount of $1,352,224 of Notes and (ii) an aggregate
principal amount of $9,058,962 of the Company’s 10%
Senior Convertible Debentures issued
on August 2, 2018, September 7, 2018 and September 24, 2018 held by
such Purchasers.
F-12
The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations,
warranties and covenants, including covenants, subject to certain
exceptions, that the Company, until the date on which less than 10%
of the Notes are outstanding, shall not effect any
Variable Rate Transaction (as defined
in the Purchase Agreement) and that, for as long as a
Purchaser holds any Notes or
Conversion Shares, the Company shall amend the terms and conditions
of the Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby
with respect to such Purchaser
to give such Purchaser the
benefit of any terms or conditions under which the Company agrees
to issue or sell any Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents that
are more favorable to an investor than the terms and conditions
granted to such Purchaser under the Purchase Agreement and the
transactions contemplated thereby.
In addition, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the
“Registration Rights Agreement”) with the
Purchasers, pursuant to which the
Company has agreed to file, within 14 days after February 4, 2019,
one or more registration statements on Form S-3 (or, if Form S-3 is
not then available to the Company, such form of registration that
is then available to effect a registration for resale of the
subject securities) covering the resale of all Conversion Shares, subject to certain
penalties set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement. The Form
S-3 was filed by the Company on February 14, 2019 and became
effective on March 11, 2019.
On May 22, 2019, GT Biopharma, Inc. (the “Company”)
entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase
Agreement”) with the ten purchasers (individually, a
“Purchaser,” and collectively, the
“Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company issued to
the Purchasers, on May 22,
2019, Secured Convertible Notes
in an aggregate principal amount of $1,300,000 (the
“Notes”), which Notes shall be convertible at any time
after issuance into shares (the “Conversion Shares”) of
the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the
“Common Stock”), at an initial conversion price of
$0.35 per share (the “Conversion
Price”).
The Notes accrue interest at the rate of 10% per annum and mature
on November 22, 2019. Interest on the Notes is payable in cash or,
at a Purchaser’s option,
in shares of Common Stock at the Conversion Price. Upon the
occurrence of an event of default, interest accrues at 18% per
annum. The Notes contain customary default provisions, including
provisions for potential acceleration, and covenants, including
negative covenants regarding additional indebtedness and dividends.
The Conversion Price is subject to adjustment due to certain
events, including stock dividends and stock splits, and is subject
to reduction in certain circumstances if the Company issues Common
Stock or Common Stock equivalents at an effective price per share
that is lower than the Conversion Price then in effect. The Company
may only prepay the Notes with the prior written consent of the
respective Purchasers
thereof.
The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations,
warranties and covenants, including covenants, subject to certain
exceptions, that the Company, until the date on which less than 10%
of the Notes are outstanding, shall not effect any
Variable Rate Transaction (as defined
in the Purchase Agreement) and that, for as long as a
Purchaser holds any Notes or
Conversion Shares, the Company shall amend the terms and conditions
of the Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby
with respect to such Purchaser
to give such Purchaser the
benefit of any terms or conditions under which the Company agrees
to issue or sell any Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents that
are more favorable to an investor than the terms and conditions
granted to such Purchaser under the Purchase Agreement and the
transactions contemplated thereby.
In addition, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the
“Registration Rights Agreement”) with the
Purchasers, pursuant to which the
Company has agreed to file, within 30 days after May 22, 2019, one
or more registration statements on Form S-3 (or, if Form S-3 is not
then available to the Company, such form of registration that is
then available to effect a registration for resale of the subject
securities) covering the resale of all Conversion Shares, subject to certain
penalties set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement. The Form
S-1 was filed by the Company on June 21, 2019 and became effective
on July 12, 2019.
Between July 31 and August 28, 2019, GT Biopharma, Inc. (the
“Company”) entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement
(the “Purchase Agreement”) with the eleven purchasers
(individually, a “Purchaser,” and collectively, the
“Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company issued to
the Purchasers,
Secured Convertible Notes in an
aggregate principal amount of $975,000 (the “Notes”),
which Notes shall be convertible at any time after issuance into
shares (the “Conversion Shares”) of the Company’s
common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common
Stock”), at an initial conversion price of $0.20 per share
(the “Conversion Price”).
F-13
The Notes accrue interest at the rate of 10% per annum and mature
between January 31 and February 28, 2020. Interest on the Notes is
payable in cash or, at a Purchaser’s option, in shares of Common
Stock at the Conversion Price. Upon the occurrence of an event of
default, interest accrues at 18% per annum. The Notes contain
customary default provisions, including provisions for potential
acceleration, and covenants, including negative covenants regarding
additional indebtedness and dividends. The Conversion Price is
subject to adjustment due to certain events, including stock
dividends and stock splits, and is subject to reduction in certain
circumstances if the Company issues Common Stock or Common Stock
equivalents at an effective price per share that is lower than the
Conversion Price then in effect. The Company may only prepay the
Notes with the prior written consent of the respective
Purchasers
thereof.
The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations,
warranties and covenants, including covenants, subject to certain
exceptions, that the Company, until the date on which less than 10%
of the Notes are outstanding, shall not effect any
Variable Rate Transaction (as defined
in the Purchase Agreement) and that, for as long as a
Purchaser holds any Notes or
Conversion Shares, the Company shall amend the terms and conditions
of the Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby
with respect to such Purchaser
to give such Purchaser the
benefit of any terms or conditions under which the Company agrees
to issue or sell any Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents that
are more favorable to an investor than the terms and conditions
granted to such Purchaser under the Purchase Agreement and the
transactions contemplated thereby.
In addition, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the
“Registration Rights Agreement”) with the
Purchasers, pursuant to which the
Company has agreed to file, within 30 days, one or more
registration statements on Form S-3 (or, if Form S-3 is not then
available to the Company, such form of registration that is then
available to effect a registration for resale of the subject
securities) covering the resale of all Conversion Shares, subject to certain
penalties set forth in the Registration Rights Agreement. The Form
S-1 was filed by the Company on September 13, 2019 and became
effective in October 2, 2019.
On December 19, 2019, GT Biopharma, Inc. (the
“Company”) entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement
(the “Purchase Agreement”) with the one purchaser
(individually, a “Purchaser,” and collectively, the
“Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company issued to
the Purchasers, on December 19,
2019, Secured Convertible Notes
in an aggregate principal amount of $200,000 (the
“Notes”), which Notes shall be convertible at any time
after issuance into shares (the “Conversion Shares”) of
the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the
“Common Stock”), at an initial conversion price of
$0.20 per share (the “Conversion
Price”).
The Notes accrue interest at the rate of 10% per annum and mature
on August 19, 2020. Interest on the Notes is payable in cash or, at
a Purchaser’s option, in
shares of Common Stock at the Conversion Price. Upon the occurrence
of an event of default, interest accrues at 18% per annum. The
Notes contain customary default provisions, including provisions
for potential acceleration, and covenants, including negative
covenants regarding additional indebtedness and dividends. The
Conversion Price is subject to adjustment due to certain events,
including stock dividends and stock splits, and is subject to
reduction in certain circumstances if the Company issues Common
Stock or Common Stock equivalents at an effective price per share
that is lower than the Conversion Price then in effect. The Company
may only prepay the Notes with the prior written consent of the
respective Purchasers
thereof.
The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations,
warranties and covenants, including covenants, subject to certain
exceptions, that the Company, until the date on which less than 10%
of the Notes are outstanding, shall not affect any
Variable Rate Transaction (as defined
in the Purchase Agreement) and that, for as long as a
Purchaser holds any Notes or
Conversion Shares, the Company shall amend the terms and conditions
of the Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby
with respect to such Purchaser
to give such Purchaser the
benefit of any terms or conditions under which the Company agrees
to issue or sell any Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents that
are more favorable to an investor than the terms and conditions
granted to such Purchaser under the Purchase Agreement and the
transactions contemplated thereby.
In addition, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the
“Registration Rights Agreement”) with the
Purchasers, pursuant to which the
Company has agreed to file, within 30 days after December 19, 2019,
one or more registration statements on Form S-3 (or, if Form S-3 is
not then available to the Company, such form of registration that
is then available to effect a registration for resale of the
subject securities) covering the resale of all Conversion Shares, subject to certain
penalties set forth in the Registration Rights
Agreement.
Financing Agreement
On November 8, 2010, the Company entered into a financing
arrangement with Gemini Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a
product development and manufacturing
partner of the Company, pursuant to which Gemini Pharmaceuticals
made a $250,000 strategic equity investment in the Company and
agreed to make a $750,000 purchase order line of credit facility
available to the Company. The outstanding principal of
all Advances under the Line of Credit will bear interest at the rate of
interest of prime plus 2 percent per annum. There is $31,000 due on
this credit line at December 31, 2019.
F-14
5. Accrued
Expenses
Accrued Expenses are comprised of the following:
|
|
2019
|
2018
|
|
Rent
|
52,000
|
-
|
|
License
Fee
|
50,000
|
-
|
|
Research
& Development
|
1,675,000
|
585,000
|
|
Professional
Fees
|
95,000
|
162,000
|
|
Consulting
and Advisory Services
|
161,000
|
161,000
|
|
Board
of Directors Service Costs
|
101,000
|
94,000
|
|
Payroll
and Benefits
|
245,000
|
21,000
|
|
Accrued Expenses
|
2,379,000
|
1,023,000
|
6. Related Party
Transactions
On December 21, 2018, Dr. Raymond Urbanski, Chief Executive Officer
and Chairman of the Board, provided a short-term loan of $100,000
to meet immediate capital needs. The loan matured on January 20,
2019 and carries an interest rate of 5%. The loan was repaid in
January, 2019.
7. Stockholders’
Equity
Common Stock
For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued 162,500
shares of common stock upon
conversion of $325,000 of senior convertible notes.
For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company issued a total of
245,000 shares of Rule 144 restricted common stock in full settlement of outstanding
legal matters, and 125,000 shares of Rule 144 restricted
common stock in connection with
consulting services.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued a total
3,484,222 shares of common
stock upon conversion of $1,361,034 in principal and interest on
senior convertible notes.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued
CEO Anthony Cataldo
a total of 7,000,000 and
the
Company’s CFO Steven
Weldon a total of 4,500,000
shares of Rule 144 restricted common stock as compensation, and 4,150,000 shares
of Rule 144 restricted common
stock in connection with consulting services.
Preferred Stock
F-15
The 96,230 shares of Series C
preferred stock are convertible into 111 shares of the
Company’s common stock at
the option of the holders at any time. The conversion ratio is
based on the average closing bid price of the common stock for the fifteen consecutive trading
days ending on the date immediately preceding the date notice of
conversion is given, but cannot be less than .20 or more than .2889
common shares for each Series C
preferred share. The conversion ratio may be adjusted under certain
circumstances such as stock splits or stock dividends. The Company
has the right to automatically convert the Series C preferred stock into common stock if the Company lists its shares
of common stock on the
Nasdaq National Market and the average
closing bid price of the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq National Market for 15 consecutive trading
days exceeds $3,000.00. Each share of Series C preferred stock is entitled to the number
of votes equal to .26 divided by the average closing bid price of
the Company’s common
stock during the fifteen consecutive trading days immediately prior
to the date such shares of Series C preferred stock were purchased. In the
event of liquidation, the holders of the Series C preferred stock shall participate on an
equal basis with the holders of the common stock (as if the Series C preferred stock had converted into
common stock) in any distribution of
any of the assets or surplus funds of the Company. The holders
of Series C preferred stock are
entitled to noncumulative dividends if and when declared by the
Company’s board of
directors. No dividends to Series C preferred stockholders were issued or
unpaid through December 31, 2019 .
On September 1, 2017, the Company designated 2,000,000 shares of
Series J Preferred Stock. Shares of Series J Preferred Stock will
have the same voting rights as shares of common stock with each share of Series J Preferred
Stock entitled to one vote at a meeting of the shareholders of
the Corporation. Shares of
Series J Preferred Stock will not be entitled to receive any
dividends, unless and until specifically declared by our
board of directors. The holders of the
Series J Preferred Stock will participate, on an
as-if-converted-to-common stock basis, in any dividends to the
holders of common stock. Each
share of the Series J Preferred Stock is convertible into one share
of our common stock at any time
at the option of the holder.
On the same day, the Board issued 1,513, 548 of those shares in
exchange for the cancellation of debt. In the first quarter of
2019, it was discovered that a certificate of designation with
respect to the Series J Preferred Stock had never been filed with
the Office of the Secretary of
State for the State of Delaware. Legal research determined
that despite the fact the Company had issued shares of Series J
Preferred Stock, those shares had, in fact, never
existed.
To remedy the situation, on April 4, 2019, the Company filed a
certificate of designation with the Office of the Secretary State for the State of Delaware
designating a series of preferred stock as Series J-1 Preferred Stock. On April 19, 2019, the
Company issued 2,353,548 of those shares. The issuance was in lieu
of the preferred stock that should have been issued on September 1,
2017, and in settlement for not receiving preferred stock until 20
months after the debt for which the stock was issued was cancelled.
The Company reflected an expense in general and administrative
costs in the year ended December 31, 2019 totaling
$1,140,000.
The Shares are convertible into
shares of common stock of
the Registrant at the rate of
$0.60 per share. The issuance was exempt from the registration
requirements of Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to
Section 4(2) of the same Act
since the issuance of the Shares did not involve any public offering.
Common Stock Warrants
Warrant transactions for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018
are as follows:
|
|
Number of Warrants
|
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2018
|
-
|
-
|
|
Granted
|
1,813,053
|
0.20
|
|
Exercised
|
-
|
-
|
|
Expired
|
-
|
-
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2019
|
1,813,053
|
-
|
|
Granted
|
-
|
-
|
|
Exercised
|
-
|
|
|
Expired
|
-
|
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2019
|
1,813,053
|
0.20
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable
Warrants:
|
|
|
|
December
31, 2019
|
1,813,053
|
0.20
|
|
December
31, 2018
|
1,813,053
|
0.20
|
Stock Options
The Company reserved 1,333 shares of its common stock at December 31, 2014 for issuance
under the 2014 Stock Incentive
Plan (the “2014 Plan”). The 2014 Plan, approved by
stockholders in May 2015, permits the Company to grant stock
options to acquire shares of the Company’s
common stock, award stock bonuses of
the Company’s common
stock, and grant stock appreciation rights. At December 31, 2019,
87 shares of common stock were
available for grant and options to purchase 40 shares of
common stock are outstanding under the
2014 Plan.
F-16
The following table summarizes stock option transactions for the
years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:
|
|
Number of Options
|
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2017
|
1,246
|
1,320.00
|
|
Granted
|
-
|
-
|
|
Exercised
|
-
|
-
|
|
Expired
|
(133)
|
1,020.00
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2018
|
1,113
|
1,320.00
|
|
Granted
|
-
|
-
|
|
Exercised
|
-
|
-
|
|
Expired
|
(1,073)
|
1,500.00
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2019
|
40
|
877.50
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercisable
Options:
|
|
|
|
December
31, 2019
|
40
|
877.50
|
|
December
31, 2018
|
1,113
|
1,320.00
|
F-17
The following table summarizes information about
all outstanding and exercisable stock
options at December 31, 2019 :
|
|
Outstanding
Options
|
Exercisable
Options
|
|||
|
Range of
Exercise Prices
|
Number of
Options
|
Weighted-Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
|
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
|
Number of
Options
|
Weighted-Average
Exercise Price
|
|
$750.00
to$2,225.00
|
40
|
0.89
|
$877.50
|
40
|
$877.50
|
8. Income
Taxes
Deferred Taxes
Deferred taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for
financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax
purposes, and operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The
significant components of net deferred income tax assets for the
Company are (in thousands):
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2019
|
2018
|
|
Deferred
tax assets:
|
|
|
|
Federal
net operating loss carryforward
|
36,803,000
|
25,306,000
|
|
Intellectual
property
|
58,504,000
|
61,787,000
|
|
Accrued
expense
|
1,262,000
|
129,000
|
|
Patent
amortization
|
4,000
|
5,000
|
|
Deferred
tax asseets before valuation
|
96,573,000
|
87,227,000
|
|
Valuation
allowance
|
(96,573,000)
|
(87,227,000)
|
|
Net
deferred income tax assets
|
-
|
-
|
Generally accepted accounting principles requires that the tax
benefit of net operating losses, temporary differences and credit
carryforwards be recorded as an asset to the extent that management
assesses that realization is “more likely than not.”
Realization of the future tax benefits is dependent on the
Company’s ability to generate sufficient taxable income
within the carryforward period. Because of the Company’s
history of operating losses, management has provided a valuation
allowance equal to its net deferred tax assets. The valuation
allowance increased by approximately $9,346,000 during the year
ended December 31, 2019.
F-18
Tax Carryforward
At December 31, 2019, the Company had net operating loss
carryforwards of approximately $122,676,000 to reduce United States
federal taxable income in future years. These carryforwards expire
from 2020 through 2039.
The Company is no longer subject to U.S. and state tax examinations
for years ending before the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015.
Management does not believe there will be any material changes in
our unrecognized tax positions over the next twelve
months.
The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties
accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income
tax expense. There was no accrued interest or penalties associated
with any unrecognized tax benefits, nor was any interest expense
recognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and
2018.
9. Commitments and
Contingencies
Leases
On September 1, 2017, the Company entered into a three-year
lease agreement for its office
in Washington, D.C. In addition to minimum rent, certain leases
require payment of real estate taxes, insurance, common area
maintenance charges and other executory costs. The Company
recognizes rent expense under such arrangements on a straight-line
basis over the effective term of each lease. This lease was
terminated as of June 30, 2018.
On October 1, 2018, the Company entered into a three-year
lease agreement for its office
in Westlake Village, CA. In addition to minimum rent, certain
leases require payment of real estate taxes, insurance, common area
maintenance charges and other executory costs. The Company
recognizes rent expense under such arrangements on a straight-line
basis over the effective term of each lease.
The following table summarizes the Company’s future minimum
lease commitments as of December 31, 2019 (in
thousands):
|
Year
ending December 31:
|
|
|
2020
|
71,000
|
|
2021
|
61,000
|
|
Total
minimum lease payments
|
132,000
|
Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was
$69,000 and $9,000, respectively.
Employment Agreements
On February 14, 2018, the Company entered into the First Amendment
to the Employment Agreement with Dr. Clarence-Smith, amending the
Employment Agreement, dated September 1, 2017, between the Company
and Dr. Clarence-Smith. Under
the First Amendment, Dr.
Clarence-Smith’s title was revised to reflect her new
position and included an annual salary of $500,000, paid in equal
monthly installments. All other
terms of her original Employment Agreement remain unchanged. In
October 2018, Dr.
Clarence-Smith resigned from her position with the Company. In
connection with this resignation, the Company entered into a
separation agreement which
superseded the Employment Agreement.
On October 18, 2018, the Company entered into a Consultant
Agreement with Anthony Cataldo. The term of the Consultant
Agreement shall remain in effect until September 30, 2019. This
Agreement supersedes the Consultant Agreement dated February 14,
2018 and will pay Mr. Cataldo $25,000 per month during the term of
the Agreement.
On October 19, 2018, the Company entered into an Executive
Employment Agreement with Dr. Raymond Urbanski, reflecting his
current position as Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Under
the terms of this agreement,
Dr. Urbanski’s annual salary is essentially unchanged from
his previous positions. Dr. Urbanski is also entitled to
participate in the Company’s bonus plans. Under the Executive
Employment Agreement, the Company has agreed that upon shareholder
approval of a Stock Option
Plan, it will recommend to the Board that the Company grant Dr.
Urbanski a Non-Qualified stock
option to purchase 2,971,102 shares of the Company’s
common stock having an exercise equal
to the fair market value of the shares on the date of the
Agreement. The stock option grant would vest according to the
following schedule: (i) 1,250,000 fully vested shares upon signing
of the agreement, (ii)
1,250,000 shares on January 1, 2019 and (iii) 471,102 shares on
January 1, 2020. On March 15, 2019, Dr., Urbanski resigned his
position as Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the
Board.
F-19
10. Subsequent
Events
Financing
On January 30, 2020 GT Biopharma, Inc. (the “Company”)
entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase
Agreement”) with the one purchaser (individually, a
“Purchaser,” and collectively, the
“Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company issued to
the Purchasers, between April
20 and May 7, 2020, Secured
Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount of $200,000 (the
“Notes”), which Notes shall be convertible at any time
after issuance into shares (the “Conversion Shares”) of
the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the
“Common Stock”), at an initial conversion price of
$0.20 per share (the “Conversion
Price”).
The Notes accrue interest at the rate of 10% per annum and mature
on September 30, 2020. Interest on the Notes is payable in cash or,
at a Purchaser’s option,
in shares of Common Stock at the Conversion Price. Upon the
occurrence of an event of default, interest accrues at 18% per
annum. The Notes contain customary default provisions, including
provisions for potential acceleration, and covenants, including
negative covenants regarding additional indebtedness and dividends.
The Conversion Price is subject to adjustment due to certain
events, including stock dividends and stock splits, and is subject
to reduction in certain circumstances if the Company issues Common
Stock or Common Stock equivalents at an effective price per share
that is lower than the Conversion Price then in effect. The Company
may only prepay the Notes with the prior written consent of the
respective Purchasers
thereof.
The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations,
warranties and covenants, including covenants, subject to certain
exceptions, that the Company, until the date on which less than 10%
of the Notes are outstanding, shall not effect any
Variable Rate Transaction (as defined
in the Purchase Agreement) and that, for as long as a
Purchaser holds any Notes or
Conversion Shares, the Company shall amend the terms and conditions
of the Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby
with respect to such Purchaser
to give such Purchaser the
benefit of any terms or conditions under which the Company agrees
to issue or sell any Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents that
are more favorable to an investor than the terms and conditions
granted to such Purchaser under the Purchase Agreement and the
transactions contemplated thereby.
In addition, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the
“Registration Rights Agreement”) with the
Purchasers, pursuant to which the
Company has agreed to file, within 30 days after January 30, 2020,
one or more registration statements on Form S-3 (or, if Form S-3 is
not then available to the Company, such form of registration that
is then available to effect a registration for resale of the
subject securities) covering the resale of all Conversion Shares, subject to certain
penalties set forth in the Registration Rights
Agreement.
On March 24, 2020 GT Biopharma, Inc. (the “Company”)
entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase
Agreement”) with the one purchaser (individually, a
“Purchaser,” and collectively, the
“Purchasers”), pursuant to which the Company issued to
the Purchasers, on January 30,
2020, Secured Convertible Notes
in an aggregate principal amount of $200,000 (the
“Notes”), which Notes shall be convertible at any time
after issuance into shares (the “Conversion Shares”) of
the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the
“Common Stock”), at an initial conversion price of
$0.20 per share (the “Conversion
Price”).
The Notes accrue interest at the rate of 10% per annum and mature
on September 30, 2020. Interest on the Notes is payable in cash or,
at a Purchaser’s option,
in shares of Common Stock at the Conversion Price. Upon the
occurrence of an event of default, interest accrues at 18% per
annum. The Notes contain customary default provisions, including
provisions for potential acceleration, and covenants, including
negative covenants regarding additional indebtedness and dividends.
The Conversion Price is subject to adjustment due to certain
events, including stock dividends and stock splits, and is subject
to reduction in certain circumstances if the Company issues Common
Stock or Common Stock equivalents at an effective price per share
that is lower than the Conversion Price then in effect. The Company
may only prepay the Notes with the prior written consent of the
respective Purchasers
thereof.
F-20
The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations,
warranties and covenants, including covenants, subject to certain
exceptions, that the Company, until the date on which less than 10%
of the Notes are outstanding, shall not effect any
Variable Rate Transaction (as defined
in the Purchase Agreement) and that, for as long as a
Purchaser holds any Notes or
Conversion Shares, the Company shall amend the terms and conditions
of the Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby
with respect to such Purchaser
to give such Purchaser the
benefit of any terms or conditions under which the Company agrees
to issue or sell any Common Stock or Common Stock equivalents that
are more favorable to an investor than the terms and conditions
granted to such Purchaser under the Purchase Agreement and the
transactions contemplated thereby.
In addition, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement (the
“Registration Rights Agreement”) with the
Purchasers, pursuant to which the
Company has agreed to file, within 30 days after March 24, 2020,
one or more registration statements on Form S-3 (or, if Form S-3 is
not then available to the Company, such form of registration that
is then available to effect a registration for resale of the
subject securities) covering the resale of all Conversion Shares, subject to certain
penalties set forth in the Registration Rights
Agreement.
Common Stock
In the first quarter of 2020, the Company issued 814,733 shares
of common stock upon conversion
of $162,947 in principal and interest on senior convertible
notes.
F-21
GT BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019
Consolidared Balance Sheets
(In Thousands, Except Par Value and Share Data)
|
|
September
30,
|
December
31,
|
|
|
2020
|
2020
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
Current
Assets:
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash
equivalents
|
$350
|
$28
|
|
Prepaid
expenses
|
483
|
246
|
|
Total Current
Assets
|
833
|
274
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits
|
12
|
12
|
|
Operating lease
right-to-use asset
|
72
|
110
|
|
Total Other
Assets
|
84
|
122
|
|
TOTAL
ASSETS
|
$917
|
$396
|
|
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
|
|
|
|
Current
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
$2,171
|
$1,940
|
|
Accrued
expenses
|
1,228
|
2,379
|
|
Accrued
interest
|
4,182
|
2,029
|
|
Operating lease
liability
|
82
|
120
|
|
Line of
credit
|
31
|
31
|
|
Convertible
notes
|
23,000
|
13,207
|
|
Total Current
Liabilities
|
30,694
|
19,706
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
liabilities
|
30,694
|
19,706
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders’
Deficit:
|
|
|
|
Convertible preferred
stock - $0.01 par value; 15,000,000 shares
authorized:
|
|
|
|
Series C - 96,230 and
96,230 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and
December 31, 2019, respectively
|
1
|
1
|
|
Series J-1 –
2,353,548 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and
December 31, 2019, respectively
|
24
|
24
|
|
Common stock - $0.001
par value; 750,000,000 shares authorized; and 77,518,614 and
69,784,699 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and
December 31, 2019, respectively
|
78
|
70
|
|
Additional paid-in
capital
|
550,984
|
548,096
|
|
Accumulated
deficit
|
(580,695)
|
(567,332)
|
|
Noncontrolling
interest
|
(169)
|
(169)
|
|
Total
Stockholders’ Deficit
|
(29,777)
|
(19,310)
|
|
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND
STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
|
$917
|
$396
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated
financial statements.
F-22
GT BIOPHARMA, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
|
|
Three Months
Ended
September
30,
|
Nine Months
Ended
September
30,
|
||
|
|
2020
|
2019
|
2020
|
2019
|
|
Operating
expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and
development
|
(84)
|
671
|
252
|
1,659
|
|
Selling, general
and administrative expenses
|
2,029
|
3,585
|
4,321
|
8,932
|
|
Loss on
impairment
|
-
|
4,599
|
-
|
4,599
|
|
Total operating
expenses
|
1,945
|
8,855
|
4,573
|
15,190
|
|
Loss from
operations
|
(1,945)
|
(8,855)
|
(4,573)
|
(15,190)
|
|
Other
income (expense):
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss on disposal of
assets
|
-
|
(20,463)
|
-
|
(20,494)
|
|
Settlement
expense
|
-
|
-
|
(2,563)
|
-
|
|
Interest
expense
|
(931)
|
(560)
|
(6,227)
|
(1,493)
|
|
Total other income
(expense)
|
(931)
|
(21,023)
|
(8,790)
|
(21,987)
|
|
Loss before
provision for income taxes
|
(2,876)
|
(29,878)
|
(13,363)
|
(31,177)
|
|
Provision for
income tax
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
Net
loss
|
(2,876)
|
(29,878)
|
(13,363)
|
(31,177)
|
|
Net loss per common
share – basic and diluted
|
$(0.04)
|
$(0.51)
|
$(0.18)
|
$(0.69)
|
|
Weighted average
common shares outstanding – basic and diluted
|
76,730,076
|
58,805,997
|
72, 909,738
|
53,967,298
|
The
accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated
financial statements.
F-23
GT Biopharma, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Deficit
(In thousands)
|
|
Preferred Stock
|
Common Stock
|
Additional Paid-in
|
Accumulated
|
||
|
|
Shares
|
Amount
|
Shares
|
Amount
|
Capital
|
Deficit
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2020
|
2,450
|
$25
|
69,785
|
$70
|
$548,096
|
$(567,332)
|
|
Issuance of
common stock for convertible notes
|
|
|
3,147
|
3
|
626
|
|
|
Beneficial
conversion feature of convertible notes
|
|
|
|
|
27
|
|
|
Issuance of
common stock for settlement of litigation
|
|
|
3,500
|
4
|
1,909
|
|
|
Issuance of
warrants for compensation
|
|
|
|
|
180
|
|
|
Issuance of
common stock for compensation
|
|
|
1,086
|
1
|
146
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
(13,363)
|
|
Balance at September 30, 2020
|
2,450
|
$25
|
77,518
|
$78
|
$550,984
|
$(580,695)
|
|
|
Preferred Stock
|
Common Stock
|
Additional Paid-in
|
Accumulated
|
||
|
|
Shares
|
Amount
|
Shares
|
Amount
|
Capital
|
Deficit
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2019
|
1,260
|
$13
|
50,650
|
$51
|
$540,160
|
$(528,685)
|
|
Issuance of
preferred stock
|
1,190
|
12
|
|
|
1,128
|
|
|
Issuance of
common stock for convertible notes
|
|
|
2,741
|
3
|
1,160
|
|
|
Beneficial
conversion feature of convertible notes
|
|
|
|
|
158
|
|
|
Issuance of
common stock for compensation
|
|
|
13,500
|
13
|
5,047
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
(37,177)
|
|
Balance at September 30, 2019
|
2,450
|
$25
|
66,891
|
$67
|
$547,653
|
$(565,862)
|
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated
financial statements.
F-24
|
GT Biopharma, Inc. and Subsidiaries
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
|
|
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019
|
|
(in Thousands)
|
|
|
2020
|
2019
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
(unaudited)
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
Net
loss
|
$(13,363)
|
$(37,177)
|
|
Adjustments
to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating
activities:
|
||
|
Depreciation
|
-
|
10
|
|
Stock
compensation expense for options and warrants issued to
employees and non-employees
|
327
|
6,202
|
|
Amortization
of debt discounts
|
-
|
451
|
|
Non-cash
interest expense
|
3,970
|
1,140
|
|
Loss
on disposal of assets
|
-
|
20,494
|
|
Impairment
of intangible assets
|
-
|
4,599
|
|
Settlement
expense
|
2,363
|
-
|
|
Changes
in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
Other
assets
|
3
|
6
|
|
Accounts
payable and accrued liabilities
|
1,365
|
1,101
|
|
Net
cash used in operating activities
|
(5,335)
|
(3,174)
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
Disposal
of fixed assets
|
-
|
200
|
|
Net
cash used by investing activities
|
0
|
200
|
|
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
Proceeds
from notes payable
|
5,657
|
3,327
|
|
Repayment
of note payable
|
-
|
(100)
|
|
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
5,657
|
3,227
|
|
Minority
interest
|
-
|
-
|
|
NET
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
|
322
|
253
|
|
CASH
AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - Beginning of period
|
28
|
60
|
|
CASH
AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - End of period
|
$350
|
$313
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental
disclosures:
|
|
|
|
Interest
paid
|
$69
|
$-
|
|
Income
taxes paid
|
$-
|
$-
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental
disclosures:
|
|
|
|
Issuance
of common stock upon conversion of convertible notes
|
$598
|
$1,150
|
|
Issuance
of common stock upon conversion of accrued interest
|
$32
|
$14
|
The accompanying condensed notes are an integral part of these
consolidated financial statements.
F-25
1.
The Company and Summary of Significant Accounting
Policies
Business
In 1965, the corporate predecessor of GT Biopharma, Diagnostic
Data, Inc. was incorporated in the State of California. Diagnostic
Data changed its incorporation to the State of Delaware in 1972.
and changed its name to DDI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. in 1985. In 1994,
DDI Pharmaceuticals merged with International BioClinical, Inc. and
Bioxytech S.A. and changed its name to OXIS International, Inc. In
July 2017, the Company changed its name to GT Biopharma,
Inc.
The Company is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company focused
on the development and commercialization of novel immuno-oncology
products based off our proprietary Tri-specific Killer Engager
(TriKE™), Tetra-specific Killer Engager (Dual Targeting
TriKEDual Targeting TriKE) platforms. The Company’s TriKE and
Dual Targeting TriKE platforms generate proprietary therapeutics
designed to harness and enhance the cancer killing abilities of a
patient’s own natural killer cells, or NK cells. Once bound
to an NK cell, the Company’s moieties are designed to enhance
the NK cell, and precisely direct it to one or more
specifically-targeted proteins expressed on a specific type of
cancer cell or virus infected cell, ultimately resulting in the
targeted cell’s death. TriKEs and Dual Targeting TriKEs are
made up of recombinant fusion proteins, can be designed to target
any number of tumor antigens on hematologic malignancies, sarcomas
or solid tumors and do not require patient-specific
customization.
Going Concern
The Company’s current operations have focused on business
planning, raising capital, establishing an intellectual property
portfolio, hiring, and conducting preclinical studies and clinical
trials. The Company does not have any product candidates approved
for sale and has not generated any revenue from product sales. The
Company has sustained operating losses since inception and expects
such losses to continue over the foreseeable future.
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared on a
goingconcern basis, which contemplates the realization of
assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of
business. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include any
adjustments that might be necessary should the Company be unable to
continue in existence.
The Company has incurred substantial losses and negative cash flows
from operations since its inception and has an accumulated deficit
of $580 million and cash of $350 thousand as of September 30, 2020.
The Company anticipates incurring additional losses until such
time, if ever, that it can generate significant sales of its
products currently in development. Substantial additional financing
will be needed by the Company to fund its operations and to
commercially develop its product candidates. These factors raise
substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as
a going concern.
Management is currently evaluating different strategies to obtain
the required funding for future operations. These strategies may
include but are not limited to: public offerings of equity and/or
debt securities, payments from potential strategic research and
development, and licensing and/or marketing arrangements with
pharmaceutical companies. If the Company is unable to secure
adequate additional funding, its business, operating results,
financial condition and cash flows may be materially and adversely
affected.
Use of Estimates
The financial statements and notes are representations of the
Company’s management, which is responsible for their
integrity and objectivity. These accounting policies conform to
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America, and have been consistently applied in the preparation of
the financial statements. The preparation of financial statements
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect
the reported amounts of assets, liabilities revenues and expenses
and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
F-26
Basis of Consolidation and Comprehensive Income
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the
accounts of GT Biopharma, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All
intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The
Company’s financial statements are prepared using the accrual
method of accounting.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial
statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting
principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”)
and the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and disclosures
required by U.S. GAAP for complete consolidated financial
statements have been condensed or omitted herein. The interim
condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in
conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and
notes thereto included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on March 27, 2020.
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial information
presented herein reflects all normal adjustments that are, in the
opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the
financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the
periods presented. The Company is responsible for the unaudited
interim consolidated financial statements included in this report.
The results of operations of any interim period are not necessarily
indicative of the results for the full year.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original
maturities of three months or less to be cash
equivalents.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents, marketable
securities and accounts receivable are monitored for exposure to
concentrations of credit risk. The Company maintains substantially
all of its cash balances in a limited number of financial
institutions. The balances are each insured by the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation up to $250,000. The Company had a balance of
approximately $100,000 in excess of this limit at September 30,
2020.
Stock Based Compensation to Employees
The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation for employees
in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification
(“ASC”) 718. The Company recognizes in the
statement of operations the grant-date fair value of stock options
and other equity-based compensation issued to employees and
non-employees over the related vesting period.
The Company granted no stock options during the nine months ended
September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Long-Lived Assets
Our long-lived assets include property, plant and equipment,
capitalized costs of filing patent applications and other
indefinite lived intangible assets. We evaluate our long-lived
assets for impairment, other than indefinite lived intangible
assets, in accordance with ASC 360, whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may
not be recoverable. Estimates of future cash flows and timing of
events for evaluating long-lived assets for impairment are based
upon management’s judgment. If any of our intangible or
long-lived assets are considered to be impaired, the amount of
impairment to be recognized is the excess of the carrying amount of
the assets over its fair value.
F-27
Applicable long-lived assets are amortized or depreciated over the
shorter of their estimated useful lives, the estimated period that
the assets will generate revenue, or the statutory or contractual
term in the case of patents. Estimates of useful lives and periods
of expected revenue generation are reviewed periodically for
appropriateness and are based upon management’s
judgment.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company evaluates indefinite lived intangible assets for
impairment at least annually and whenever impairment indicators are
present in accordance with ASC 350. When necessary, the Company
records an impairment loss for the amount by which the fair value
is less than the carrying value of these assets. The fair value of
intangible assets other than goodwill is typically determined using
the “relief from royalty method”, specifically the
discounted cash flow method utilizing Level 3 fair value inputs.
Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in
this approach include: the amount and timing of the projected net
cash flows, which includes the expected impact of competitive,
legal and/or regulatory forces on the projections and the impact of
technological risk associated with IPR&D assets, as well as the
selection of a long-term growth rate; the discount rate, which
seeks to reflect the various risks inherent in the projected cash
flows; and the tax rate, which seeks to incorporate the geographic
diversity of the projected cash flows.
The Company performs impairment testing for all other long-lived
assets whenever impairment indicators are present. When necessary,
the Company calculates the undiscounted value of the projected cash
flows associated with the asset, or asset group, and compares this
estimated amount to the carrying amount. If the carrying amount is
found to be greater, we record an impairment loss for the excess of
book value over fair value.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability
approach, whereby deferred income tax assets and liabilities are
recognized for the estimated future tax effects, based on current
enacted tax laws, of temporary differences between financial and
tax reporting for current and prior periods. Deferred tax assets
are reduced, if necessary, by a valuation allowance if the
corresponding future tax benefits may not be realized.
Net Income (Loss) per Share
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net
income (loss) for the period by the weighted average number of
common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income
(loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) for
the period by the weighted average number of common shares
outstanding during the period, plus the potential dilutive effect
of common shares issuable upon exercise or conversion of
outstanding, convertible notes and debentures (including shares
issuable upon conversion of accrued interest or other default
amounts with respect to such convertible notes or debentures),
stock options and warrants during the period. The weighted average
number of potentially dilutive common shares excluded from the
calculation of net income (loss) per share totaled in 114,887,906
and 73,520,680 as of September 30, 2020 and 2019,
respectively.
Patents
Acquired patents are capitalized at their acquisition cost or fair
value. The legal costs, patent registration fees and models and
drawings required for filing patent applications are capitalized if
they relate to commercially viable technologies. Commercially
viable technologies are those technologies that are projected to
generate future positive cash flows in the near term. Legal costs
associated with patent applications that are not determined to be
commercially viable are expensed as incurred. All research and
development costs incurred in developing the patentable idea are
expensed as incurred. Legal fees from the costs incurred in
successful defense to the extent of an evident increase in the
value of the patents are capitalized.
F-28
Capitalized cost for pending patents are amortized on a
straight-line basis over the remaining twenty year legal life of
each patent after the costs have been incurred. Once each patent is
issued, capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis
over the shorter of the patent’s remaining statutory life,
estimated economic life or ten years.
Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed on a
straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets,
which are 3 to 10 years for machinery and equipment and the
shorter of the lease term or estimated economic life for leasehold
improvements.
Fair Value
The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for receivables
and current liabilities each qualify as financial instruments and
are a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the short period
of time between the origination of such instruments and their
expected realization and their current market rate of
interest. The three levels are defined as
follows:
●
Level
1 inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices
(unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
The Company’s Level 1 assets include cash equivalents,
primarily institutional money market funds, whose carrying value
represents fair value because of their short-term maturities of the
investments held by these funds.
●
Level
2 inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for
similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that
are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or
indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial
instrument. There were not such liabilities at September 30,
2020.
●
Level
3 inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and
significant to the fair value measurement. There were no such
assets or liabilities as of September 30, 2020.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and
reported as research and development expense. Research and
development costs totaled $0.3 million and $1.6 million for the
nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019,
respectively.
Revenue Recognition
License Revenue
License arrangements may consist of non-refundable upfront license
fees, exclusive licensed rights to patented or patent pending
technology, and various performance or sales milestones and future
product royalty payments. Some of these arrangements are multiple
element arrangements.
F-29
Non-refundable, up-front fees that are not contingent on any future
performance by us, and require no consequential continuing
involvement on our part, are recognized as revenue when the license
term commences and the licensed data, technology and/or compound is
delivered. We defer recognition of non-refundable
upfront fees if we have continuing performance obligations without
which the technology, right, product or service conveyed in
conjunction with the non-refundable fee has no utility to the
licensee that is separate and independent of our performance under
the other elements of the arrangement. In addition, if we have
continuing involvement through research and development services
that are required because our know-how and expertise related to the
technology is proprietary to us, or can only be performed by us,
then such up-front fees are deferred and recognized over the period
of continuing involvement.
Payments related to substantive, performance-based milestones in a
research and development arrangement are recognized as revenue upon
the achievement of the milestones as specified in the underlying
agreements when they represent the culmination of the earnings
process. As of September 30, 2020, the Company has not generated
any licensing revenue.
Leases
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No.
2016-02, Leases
(Topic 842) (“Topic
842”). Topic 842 requires the entity to recognize the assets
and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leased
assets. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating,
with classification affecting expense recognition in the income
statement.
On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Topic 842 applying the
optional transition method, which allows an entity to apply the new
standard at the adoption date with a cumulative effect adjustment
to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of
adoption. As a result of adopting Topic 842, the Company recognized
assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by
operating leases totaling approximately $174 thousand.
The Company determines if a contract contains a lease at inception
based on whether it conveys the right to control the use of an
identified asset. Substantially all of the Company’s leases
are classified as operating leases. The Company records operating
lease right-of-use assets within “Other assets” and
lease liabilities are recorded within “current and noncurrent
liabilities” in the consolidated balance sheets. Lease
expenses are recorded within “General and administrative
expenses” in the consolidated statements of operations.
Operating lease payments are presented within “Operating cash
flows” in the consolidated statements of cash
flows.
Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are
recognized based on the net present value of future minimum lease
payments over the lease term starting on the commencement date. The
Company generally is not able to determine the rate implicit in its
leases and, as such, applies an incremental borrowing rate based on
the Company’s cost of borrowing for the relevant terms of
each lease. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized
on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease terms may
include an option to extend or terminate a lease if it is
reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. The
Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate lease
components from non-lease components, and also has elected not to
record a right-of-use asset or lease liability for leases which, at
inception, have a term of twelve months or less. Variable lease
payments are recognized in the period in which the obligation for
those payments is incurred.
2.
Debt
Convertible Notes/Debentures
As of September 30, 2020, the Company had approximately $23 million
aggregate principal amount of convertible notes and debentures
(collectively, the “Convertible Notes”) outstanding
that were issued pursuant to securities purchase agreements (or, in
the case of the Settlement Notes (as defined herein), the
Settlement Agreement (as defined herein)) entered into with
numerous investors.
F-30
The Convertible Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of the Company’s common
stock at an initial conversion price, subject to certain beneficial
ownership limitations (which vary between maximum ownership of
between 4.99% and 9.99%). The conversion price of the Convertible
Notes is also generally subject to adjustment due to certain
events, including stock dividends, stock splits and in connection
with the issuance by the Company of common stock or common stock
equivalents at an effective price per share lower than the
conversion price then in effect. The conversion price for each of
the Company’s outstanding Convertible Notes is currently
$0.20 per share. In addition, approximately $5.3 million aggregate
principal amount of the Company’s Convertible Notes will be
subject to mandatory conversion in connection with the completion
of a future financing in the amount of at least $15 million,
subject to the beneficial ownership limitations described
above.
The Convertible Notes generally have terms of six months to one
year and mature between August 2, 2019 and January 7, 2021, unless
earlier converted or repurchased. The Convertible Notes each accrue
interest at a rate of 10% per annum, subject to increase to 18% per
annum upon and during the occurrence of an event of default with
respect to certain of the Convertible Notes. Interest is payable in
cash or, with respect to certain of the Convertible Notes, and at
the holder’s option, in shares of common stock based on the
conversion price then in effect.
Pursuant to the terms of the Settlement Notes, the Company is
required to make an offer to repurchase, at the holder’s
option, the Settlement Notes at price in cash equal to 100% of the
aggregate principal amount of the Settlement Note plus accrued and
unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the date of repurchase
following the consummation by the Company of a financing
transaction, or a series of transactions, resulting in aggregate
gross proceeds to the Company in excess of $7.5 million. Generally,
the Company otherwise does not have the right to prepay any of the
Convertible Notes without the prior written consent of the holders
of such securities.
The Convertible Notes contain a number of affirmative and negative
covenants and customary events of default. As of September 30,
2020, approximately $13.2 aggregate principal amount of our
Convertible Notes were in default. See “Forbearance
Agreements”
below.
The securities purchase agreements and Settlement Agreement, as
applicable, also generally contain certain ongoing covenants of the
Company, including rights of participation in certain future
financing transactions, limitations on future variable rate
transactions and “at-the-market” offerings and
“most favored nation” provisions giving holders of
certain of the Convertible Notes the benefit of any terms or
conditions under which the Company agrees to issue or sell any
common stock or common stock equivalents that are more favorable to
an investor than the terms and conditions granted to such holder
under the applicable securities purchase agreement and the
transactions contemplated thereby.
The Convertible Notes are senior obligations of the Company. In
addition, approximately $8.9 million aggregate principal amount of
the Convertible Notes are secured by a first priority security
interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company and its
subsidiaries. Convertible Notes are also secured by individual
pledges by certain of our current and former officers and directors
of our common stock owned by such officer and
directors.
For additional information about the Convertible Notes, see Note
4, Debt to the Company’s audited consolidated
financial statements included in the Company’s Form 10-K for
the year ended December 31, 2019.
Forbearance Agreements
Effective as of June 23, 2020, the Company entered into Standstill
and Forbearance Agreements (collectively, the “Forbearance
Agreements”) with the holders of $13.2 million aggregate
principal amount of the Convertible Notes (the “Default
Notes”), which are currently in default. Pursuant to the
Forbearance Agreements, the holders of the Default Notes have
agreed to forbear from exercising their rights and remedies under
the Default Notes (including declaring such Default Notes (together
with any default amounts and accrued and unpaid interest)
immediately due and payable) until the earlier of (i) the date that
the Company completes a future financing in the amount of $15
million and, in connection therewith, commences listing on NASDAQ
(collectively, the “New Financing”) or (ii) January 31,
2021 (the “Termination Date”). As a result of the
ongoing default, the Default Notes are currently accruing interest
at the default rate of 18% per annum and have accrued additional
default amounts of approximately $3.9 million in the aggregate as
of September 30, 2020.
F-31
The obligations of the holders to forbear from exercising their
rights and remedies under the Default Notes pursuant to the
Forbearance Agreements will terminate on the earliest of (i) the
Termination Date, (ii) the date of any bankruptcy filing by the
Company or its subsidiaries, (iii) the date on which the Company
defaults on any of the terms and conditions of the Forbearance
Agreements or (iv) the date the Forbearance Agreements are
otherwise terminated or expire.
The Forbearance Agreements contain various customary and other
representations, warranties and covenants of the Company and the
holders of the Default Notes, including an agreement that the
Default Notes (together with default amounts and accrued and unpaid
interest) will be converted into common stock upon the closing of a
New Financing at a conversion price equal to the lesser of (i) the
conversion price in effect for the Default Notes on the date of
such New Financing or (ii) 75% of the lowest per share price at
which common stock is or may be issued in connection with such New
Financing, in each case, subject to certain beneficial ownership
limitations (with a maximum ownership limit of 9.99%). Shares of
the Company’s preferred stock, which are convertible into the
Company’s common stock, will be issued in lieu of common
stock to the extent that conversion of the Default Notes is
prohibited by such beneficial ownership limitations.
Settlement Notes
On June 19, 2020, the Company entered into a
settlement agreement (the “Settlement Agreement”)
with Empery Asset Master Ltd., Empery Tax Efficient, LP and Empery
Tax Efficient II, LP (collectively, the “Empery
Funds”), Anthony Cataldo and Paul Kessler resolving all
remaining disputes between the parties pertaining to certain
Convertible Notes and warrants to purchase common
stock of the Company (collectively, the “Original
Securities”) issued by the Company to the Empery Funds in
January 2018 pursuant to a securities purchase agreement. In
connection with the Settlement Agreement, the Company issued
Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount of $450,000 (the
“Settlement Notes”) to the Empery Funds on June 19,
2020. The Settlement Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an
initial conversion price of $0.20 per share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership limit of
4.99%).
The Settlement Notes mature on December 19, 2020, unless earlier
converted or repurchased. The terms of the Settlement Notes are
generally the same as the Company’s other Convertible Notes,
except that the Company is required to make an offer to repurchase,
at the option of each holder, the Settlement Notes at price in cash
equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Settlement
Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding,
the date of repurchase following the consummation by the Company of
a financing transaction, or a series of transactions, resulting in
aggregate gross proceeds to the Company in excess of $7.5
million.
Fiscal 2019 and Fiscal 2020 Convertible Notes
Transactions
On February 4, 2019, the Company entered into a securities purchase
agreement with certain purchasers pursuant to which it issued
secured Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount of
$1,352,224, consisting of gross proceeds of $1,052,224 and
settlement of existing debt of $300,000, which Convertible Notes
were convertible into common stock at an initial conversion price
of $0.60 per share.
On May 22, 2019, the Company entered into a securities purchase
agreement with certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company
issued Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount of
$1,300,000, which Convertible Notes were convertible into the
Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of
$0.35 per share.
Between July 31 and August 28, 2019, the Company entered into a
securities purchase agreement with certain purchasers pursuant to
which the Company issued Convertible Notes in an aggregate
principal amount of $975,000, which Convertible Notes are
convertible into the Company’s common stock at an initial
conversion price of $0.20 per share.
F-32
On December 19, 2019, the Company entered into a securities
purchase agreement with one purchaser pursuant to which the Company
issued Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount of
$200,000, which Convertible Notes are convertible into the
Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of
$0.20 per share.
On January 30, 2020, the Company entered into a securities purchase
agreement with one purchaser pursuant to which the Company issued
Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount of $200,000,
which Convertible Notes are convertible into the Company’s
common stock at an initial conversion price of $0.20 per
share.
Between April 20 and May 7, 2020, the Company entered into a
securities purchase agreement with certain purchasers pursuant to
which the Company issued Convertible Notes in an aggregate
principal amount of $2,017,000, which Convertible Notes are
convertible into the Company’s common stock at an initial
conversion price of $0.20 per share.
On June 19, 2020, the Company entered into the Settlement Agreement
pursuant to which the Company issued the Settlement Notes in an
aggregate principal amount of $450,000, which Settlement Notes are
convertible into the Company’s common stock at an initial
conversion price of $0.20 per share.
On July 7, 2020, the Company entered into a securities purchase
agreement with certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company
issued Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount of
$3,190,000, which Convertible Notes are convertible into the
Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of
$0.20 per share.
On September 16, 2020, the Company entered into a securities
purchase agreement with certain purchasers pursuant to which the
Company issued Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount
of $250,000, which Convertible Notes are convertible into the
Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of
$0.20 per share.
Gemini Financing Agreement
On November 8, 2010, the Company entered into a financing
arrangement with Gemini Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a product
development and manufacturing partner of the Company, pursuant to
which Gemini Pharmaceuticals made a $250,000 strategic equity
investment in the Company and agreed to make a $750,000 purchase
order line of credit facility available to the Company. The
outstanding principal of all advances under the line of credit will
bear interest at the rate of interest of prime plus 2% per annum.
There is $31,000 due on this credit line at September 30,
2020.
3.
Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
Our authorized capital stock consists of 750,000,000 shares of
common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 15,000,000 shares of
preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of September 30,
2020, 77,518,614 shares of common stock were issued and
outstanding.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company issued
3,147,486 shares of common stock upon conversion of $629,497 in
principal and interest on Convertible Notes.
On May 1, 2020, the Company issued 1,086,429 shares of common stock
for consulting services.
On June 19, 2020, the Company issued 3,500,000 shares of common
stock pursuant to the Settlement Agreement.
F-33
Preferred Stock
The 96,230 shares of Series C preferred stock, par value $0.01 per
share (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), are convertible
into 111 shares of the Company’s common stock at the option
of the holders at any time. The conversion ratio is based on the
average closing bid price of the common stock for the fifteen
consecutive trading days ending on the date immediately preceding
the date notice of conversion is given, but cannot be less than
0.20 or more than 0.2889 common shares for each share of Series C
Preferred Stock. The conversion ratio may be adjusted under certain
circumstances such as stock splits or stock dividends. The Company
has the right to automatically convert the Series C Preferred Stock
into common stock if the Company lists its shares of common stock
on the Nasdaq National Market and the average closing bid price of
the Company’s common stock on the Nasdaq National Market for
15 consecutive trading days exceeds $3,000.00. Each share of Series
C Preferred Stock is entitled to the number of votes equal to 0.26
divided by the average closing bid price of the Company’s
common stock during the fifteen consecutive trading days
immediately prior to the date such shares of Series C Preferred
Stock were purchased. In the event of liquidation, the holders of
the Series C Preferred Stock shall participate on an equal basis
with the holders of the common stock (as if the Series C Preferred
Stock had converted into common stock) in any distribution of any
of the assets or surplus funds of the Company. The holders of
Series C Preferred Stock are entitled to noncumulative dividends if
and when declared by the Company’s board of directors (the
“Board”). No dividends to holders of the Series C
Preferred Stock were issued or unpaid through September 30,
2020.
On September 1, 2017, the Board designated 2,000,000 shares of
Series J preferred stock (the “Series J Preferred
Stock”). On the same day, the Board issued 1,513,548 shares
of Series J Preferred Stock in exchange for the cancellation of
certain indebtedness. In the first quarter of 2019, it was
discovered that a certificate of designation with respect to the
Series J Preferred Stock had never been filed with the Office of
the Secretary of State for the State of Delaware. Despite the
fact the Company had issued shares of Series J Preferred Stock, the
issuance of those shares was not valid and was of no legal
effect.
To
remedy the situation, on April 4, 2019, the Company filed a
certificate of designation with the Office of the Secretary State
for the State of Delaware designating a series of preferred stock
as the Series J-1 preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the
“Series J-1 Preferred Stock”). On April 19, 2019,
the Company issued 2,353,548 shares of Series J-1 Preferred
Stock. The issuance was in lieu of the Series J Preferred
Stock that should have been issued on September 1, 2017, and in
settlement for not receiving preferred stock until 20 months after
the debt for which the stock was issued was cancelled. The Company
reflected an expense in general and administrative costs in the
quarter ended September 30, 2019 totaling $1,140,000.
Shares of the Series J-1 Preferred Stock are convertible at any
time, at the option of the holders, into shares of the
Company’s common stock at an effective conversion price of
$0.20 per share, subject to adjustment for, among other things,
stock dividends, stock splits, combinations, reclassifications of
our capital stock and mergers or consolidations, and subject to a
beneficial ownership limitation which prohibits conversion if such
conversion would result in the holder (together with its
affiliates) being the beneficial owner of in excess of 9.99% of the
Company’s common stock. Shares of the Series J-1 Preferred
Stock have the same voting rights a shares of the Company’s
common stock, with the holders of the Series J-1 Preferred Stock
entitled to vote on an as-converted-to-common stock basis, subject
to the beneficial ownership limitation described above, together
with the holders of the Company’s common stock on all matters
presented to the Company’s stockholders. The Series J-1
Preferred Stock are not entitled to any dividends (unless
specifically declared by the Board), but will participate on an
as-converted-to-common-stock basis in any dividends to the holders
of the Company’s common stock. In the event of the
Company’s dissolution, liquidation or winding up, the holders
of the Series J-1 Preferred Stock will be on parity with the
holders of the Company’s common stock and will participate,
on a on an as-converted-to-common stock basis, in any distribution
to holders of the Company’s common stock.
F-34
4.
Stock Options and Warrants
Stock Options
The following table summarizes stock option transactions for the
nine months ended September 30, 2020:
|
|
Number of Options
|
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
|
|
Outstanding,
December 31, 2019
|
40
|
$877.50
|
|
Granted
|
-
|
-
|
|
Exercised
|
-
|
-
|
|
Expired
|
-
|
-
|
|
Outstanding,
September 30, 2020
|
40
|
$877.50
|
|
Exercisable,
September 30, 2020
|
40
|
$877.50
|
Common Stock Warrants
Warrant transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2020
are as follows:
|
|
Number of Warrants
|
Weighted Average
Exercise Price
|
|
Outstanding
at December 31, 2019:
|
1,813,053
|
$0.20
|
|
Granted
|
6,500,000
|
$0.20
|
|
Forfeited/canceled
|
480,352
|
$0.20
|
|
Exercised
|
-
|
-
|
|
Outstanding
at September 30, 2020
|
7,832,701
|
$0.20
|
|
Exercisable
at September 30, 2020
|
7,832,701
|
$0.20
|
Compensation Warrant
On July 28, 2020, the Company issued a warrant to purchase up to an
aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price
of $0.20 per share, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.
The warrant expires on July 28, 2025. The warrant was issued as
compensation for certain services provided to the
Company.
Settlement Warrants
Pursuant to the Settlement Agreement, the Company issued pre-funded
warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,500,000 shares of
common stock (the “Settlement Warrants”) at an exercise
price of $0.20 per share, subject to adjustment in certain
circumstances. The Settlement Warrants expire on June 19, 2025. The
aggregate exercise price of the Settlement Warrants was deemed to
be pre-funded to the Company in conjunction with exchange of
previously issued warrants to purchase 480,352 shares of common
stock pursuant to the Settlement Agreement. Exercise of the
Settlement Warrant is subject to certain additional terms and
conditions, including certain beneficial ownership
limitations.
F-35
Forbearance Agreements
Pursuant to the Forbearance Agreements, (i) the exercise price
of all warrants to purchase common stock held by holders of the
Default Notes will be reduced to equal the conversion price of the
Default Notes and (ii) the
number of shares of common stock underlying such warrants shall be
increased so that the total exercise price of all such warrants
after the decrease in the exercise price equals the total exercise
price of all such warrants prior to the decrease in the exercise
price. Further, the expiration date of all such warrants shall be
extended for three years following the closing date of any New
Financing.
5.
Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
On October 1, 2018, the Company entered into a three-year lease
agreement for its office in Westlake Village, CA. In addition to
minimum rent, certain leases require payment of real estate taxes,
insurance, common area maintenance charges and other executory
costs. The Company recognizes rent expense under such arrangements
on a straight-line basis over the effective term of each
lease.
The following table summarizes the Company’s future minimum
lease commitments as of September 30, 2020:
|
Year
ending December 31:
|
|
|
2020
|
18,000
|
|
2021
|
61,000
|
|
Total
minimum lease payments
|
$79,000
|
Rent expense for the nine months ended September 30,
2020 and 2019 was $50,000 and $50,000,
respectively.
6.
Subsequent Events
Convertible Notes
On November 5, 2020, the Company entered into a securities
purchase agreement with certain purchasers pursuant to which the
Company issued Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal
amount of $250,000 (the “November 2020 Notes”). The
November 2020 Notes are convertible at any time, at the
holder’s option, into shares of our common stock at an
initial conversion price of $0.20 per share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations (with a maximum ownership limit of
9.99%).
The November 2020 Notes mature on May 5, 2021, unless earlier
converted or repurchased. The terms of the July 2020 Notes are
generally the same as the Company’s other Convertible Notes,
except that the November 2020 Notes will be subject to mandatory
conversion in the event of the completion of a future financing in
the amount of at least $15 million at a conversion price equal
to the lesser of (i) the conversion price in effect for the
November 2020 Notes on the date of completion of such financing or
(ii) 75% of the lowest per share price at which common stock
may be issued in connection with any conversion rights associated
with the financing, in each case, subject to the beneficial
ownership limitations described above. See Note 2,
Debt
under the caption “Convertible
Notes/Debentures” for additional information regarding the
terms of the Company’s Convertible Notes.
Common Stock
In October 2020, the Company issued 750,000 shares of common stock
upon conversion of $150,000 aggregate principal amount of
Convertible Notes.
F-36
Theorem Settlement Agreement
On November 9, 2020, the Company, entered into a settlement
agreement (the “Theorem Settlement
Agreement”) with Adam
Kasower (“Kasower”), East Ventures, Inc., A British
Virgin Islands company (“East Ventures”), SV Booth
Investments III, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company
(“SV Booth”) and Theorem Group, LLC, a California
limited liability company (“Theorem Group” and,
collectively with Kasower, East Ventures and SV Booth, the
“Claimants”) resolving all remaining disputes and
claims between the parties pertaining to certain securities
purchase agreements pursuant to which the Claimants purchased from
the Company convertible warrants and preferred
stock.
As a result of the Theorem Settlement Agreement, the Company has
agreed to issue each Claimant a convertible note in the following
amounts (the “Theorem Settlement Notes”):
|
Theorem Group
|
$303,726.40
|
|
East Venture
|
$112,788.48
|
|
Kasower
|
$500,078.58
|
|
SV
Booth
|
$294,245.54
|
The Theorem Settlement Agreement also contains certain
representations and warranties and covenants, including limitations
on future variable rate transactions and “at-the-market
offerings.”
Theorem Settlement Notes
The Theorem Settlement Notes are convertible, at the option of the
applicable Claimant, at any time into shares of common stock at an
initial conversion rate of $0.20 per share, subject to certain
beneficial ownership limitations. The conversion price is also
subject to adjustment due to certain events, including stock
dividends, stock splits and in connection with the issuance by the
Company of common stock or common stock equivalents at an effective
price per share lower than the conversion rate then in effect. The
Theorem Settlement Notes mature on January 31, 2021, and bear
interest at a rate of 10% per annum, subject to increase to 18% per
annum upon and during the occurrence of an event of default.
Interest is payable in cash or, at the holder’s option, in
shares of common stock based on the conversion price then in
effect. The Company may not prepay the Theorem Settlement Notes
without the prior written consent of the applicable
Claimant.
The Theorem Settlement Notes contain a number of other affirmative
and negative covenants and events of default (including events of
default related to certain change of control and other fundamental
change transactions). Following an event of default, the Theorem
Settlement Notes will become immediately due and payable in cash at
a mandatory default amount equal to 130% of the outstanding
principal amount of the Theorem Settlement Notes plus all other
amounts, costs and expenses due in respect of the Theorem
Settlement Notes.
Resignation of Chief Financial Officer
On November 11, 2020, Steven Weldon resigned from the Board and
from his office as Chief Financial Officer of the Company,
effective immediately. His resignation was the result of general
disagreement regarding the Company’s decision making process.
Pursuant to Mr. Weldon’s Employment Contract, dated August
11, 2020, Mr. Weldon is only entitled to such stock options,
restricted stock awards and other Company stock-based awards
granted which have vested as of the date of his resignation. He is
not entitled to any other compensation or benefits.
Appointment of New Interim Chief Financial Officer
Anthony Cataldo, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board,
assumed the additional role of Chief Financial Officer on
an interim basis, and will be succeeded as Chief
Financial Officer on an interim basis by Michael Handelman
immediately after the filing of this report.
F-37
Mr. Handelman became a Director of the GoooGreen, Inc. in August
2020, and Chairman of the Board of Directors and Secretary in
September 2020. He has served as Chief Financial Officer of
Clickstream Corporation since October 2015. He served as Chief
Financial Officer of Lion Biotechnologies, Inc. from February 2011
until June 2015, and was a member of the Lion Bio Board of
Directors from February 2013 until May 2013. Mr. Handelman served
as the Chief Financial Officer and as a financial management
consultant of Oxis International, Inc., a public company engaged in
the research, development and commercialization of nutraceutical
products, from August 2009 until October 2011. From November 2004
to July 2009, Mr. Handelman served as Chief Financial Officer and
Chief Operating Officer of TechnoConcepts, Inc., formerly a public
company engaged in designing, developing, manufacturing and
marketing wireless communications semiconductors, or microchips.
Prior thereto, Mr. Handelman served from October 2002 to October
2004 as Chief Financial Officer of Interglobal Waste Management,
Inc., a manufacturing company, and from July 1996 to July 1999 as
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Janex International,
Inc., a children’s toy manufacturer. Mr. Handelman was also
the Chief Financial Officer from 1993 to 1996 of the Los Angeles
Kings, a National Hockey League franchise. Mr. Handelman is a
certified public accountant and holds a degree in accounting from
the City University of New York.
Mr. Handelman
will receive a monthly consulting fee
of $15,000.00.
Mr. Handelman
has no direct or indirect material
interest in any transaction required to be disclosed pursuant to
Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K, has no arrangement or
understanding between him and any other person required to be
disclosed pursuant to Item 401(b) of Regulation
S-K and has no family relationships required to be disclosed
pursuant to Item 401(d) of Regulation
S-K.
Mr. Handelman
has entered into a Consulting
Agreement with the Company, effective as of November 13,
2020.
Appointment of New Directors
On November 12, 2020, the Board appointed Bruce Wendel, age 67, and
Greg Berk, age 62, as directors of the Company. Following the
filing of this Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q, Mr.
Cataldo will resign as interim
Chief Financial Officer, and Michael Handelman, age
61, will be appointed as
the interim Chief Financial Officer in his
place.
From April 2018 to May 2019, Mr. Wendel served as the Chief
Business Development Officer for Prometic Biotherapeutics, Inc., a
pharmaceutical development company. Mr. Wendel also served as Chief
Strategic Officer of Hepalink USA, the U.S. subsidiary of Shenzhen
Hepalink Pharmaceutical Company from February 2012 to July 2017,
and Chief Executive Officer of Scientific Protein Laboratories, LLC
from December 2014 to June 2015. He also served as a director of
ProMetic Life Sciences Inc. and Vice Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer at Abraxis BioScience, LLC, where he oversaw the
development and commercialization of Abraxane® and led the
negotiations that culminated in the acquisition of the company by
Celgene Corporation in 2010. He began his 14 years with
Bristol-Myers Squibb as in-house counsel before shifting to global
business and corporate development, where he served in business and
corporate development roles of increasing responsibility at
American Pharmaceutical Partners, IVAX Corporation and
Bristol-Myers Squibb. Mr. Wendel earned a juris doctorate degree
from Georgetown University Law School, and a B.S. from Cornell
University.
Mr. Wendel has no direct or indirect material interest in any
transaction required to be disclosed pursuant to
Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K, has no arrangement or
understanding between him and any other person required to be
disclosed pursuant to Item 401(b) of Regulation
S-K and has no family relationships required to be disclosed
pursuant to Item 401(d) of Regulation
S-K.
Prior to joining the Company, Dr. Berk has served as a private
consultant in the field of drug development and is the Chief
Medical Officer of Celularity, a privately owned company.
Previously, he served as Chief Medical Officer at Verastem as and
President, Chief Medical Officer and Board Member of Sideris
Pharmaceuticals. From May 2012 until January 2014, Dr. Berk was
Chief Medical Officer of BIND Therapeutics. Prior to this, he was
Chief Medical Officer at Intellikine, a privately held
biotechnology company focused on the discovery and development of
novel PI3 Kinase and mTOR inhibitors. Intellikine was acquired by
Takeda/Millennium in January 2012. He also served as Senior Vice
President of Global Clinical Development at Abraxis BioScience,
where he was responsible for the company’s overall clinical
strategy, including efforts to expand the indications for their
lead clinical program (Abraxane®). Dr. Berk obtained his
medical degree from Case Western Reserve University, and completed
his internship, residency and fellowship in internal medicine,
hematology and medical oncology, at the Weill Medical College of
Cornell University and New York Presbyterian Hospital, where he
also served as a faculty member from 1989-2004. During this time
Dr. Berk served as an investigator on several industry-sponsored
and cooperative group oncology clinical trials, including the
pivotal trials for Gleevec® and
Avastin®.
F-38
Dr. Berk has no direct or indirect material interest in any
transaction required to be disclosed pursuant to
Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K, has no arrangement or
understanding between him and any other person required to be
disclosed pursuant to Item 401(b) of Regulation
S-K and has no family relationships required to be disclosed
pursuant to Item 401(d) of Regulation
S-K.
Mr. Wendel and Dr. Berk will each receive an annual stipend of
$20,000.00 for director compensation, with Mr. Wendel receiving an
additional $5,000.00 annually for chairing the Nominating Committee
and $5,000.00 annually as a member of the Audit Committee, and Dr.
Berk receiving an additional $5,000.00 annually for chairing the
Compensation Committee and $5,000.00 annually as a member of the
Nominating Committee. The Company will also grant stock awards of
shares of common stock of the Company equal to 1.25%, in the case
of Mr. Wendel, and 1.00%, in the case of Dr. Berk, of the number of
fully diluted shares of common stock of the Company, calculated on
the fully diluted equity of the Company upon the Company’s
national exchange financing date.
Mr. Wendel and Dr. Berk have each entered into Board Service
Agreements with the Company, effective as of November 11, 2020,
which supplement the indemnification provisions of the
Company’s bylaws and obligate the company to insure them both
under the Company’s director and officer’s insurance
policy.
F-39
2,642,008 Units
(Each Unit Consisting of One Share of
Common Stock and One Common Warrant to
Purchase One Share of Common Stock)
__________________________________
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS
__________________________________
_____ ,
2021
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 13. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
The following table sets forth the expenses expected to be incurred
in connection with the issuance and distribution of
common stock registered hereby,
all of which expenses, except for the
SEC registration fee, are estimated.
|
SEC
registration fee
|
$ 2,646
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous
expenses
|
$ 5,854
|
|
Legal
|
100,000
|
|
Accounting
fees and expenses
|
1,500
|
|
Total
|
$ 110,000
|
ITEM 14. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
Section 145 of the DGCL provides that a corporation may indemnify
directors and officers as well as other employees and individuals
against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments,
fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably
incurred by such person in connection with any threatened, pending
or completed actions, suits or proceedings in which such person is
made a party by reason of such person being or having been a
director, officer, employee or agent to us. The DGCL provides that
Section 145 is not exclusive of other rights to which those seeking
indemnification may be entitled under any bylaw,
agreement, vote of stockholders or
disinterested directors or otherwise. Our certificate of
incorporation provides for indemnification by us of our directors,
officers and employees to the fullest extent permitted by the
DGCL.
Section 102(b)(7) of the DGCL permits a corporation to provide in
its certificate of incorporation that a director of the corporation
shall not be personally liable to the corporation or its
stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a
director, except for liability (i) for any breach of the
director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its
stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which
involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii)
for unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases,
redemptions or other distributions or (iv) for any transaction from
which the director derived an improper personal benefit. Our
certificate of incorporation provides for such limitation of
liability.
ITEM 15. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
Since July 2017, the Company made the following issuances of its
unregistered securities pursuant exemptions contained in Section
4(a)(2) or 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act and/or Rule 506 of
Regulation D promulgated thereunder:
●
In July 2017, the Company entered into a
securities purchase agreement
with one purchaser pursuant to which the Company issued (i) 10%
senior convertible debentures
in an aggregate principal amount of $650,000, which
debentures are convertible into the
Company’s common stock at
an initial conversion price
equal to the lesser of (x) $15.00 or (y) the average of the three
lowest intra-day trading prices of the common stock during the 20 trading days
immediately prior to delivery of the notice of conversion, and
(ii) warrants to acquire up to
43,333 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $15.00 per
share.
●
In August 2017, the Company entered into a
securities purchase agreement
with certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued (i)
10% senior convertible debentures in an aggregate principal amount of
$3,890,000, which debentures
are convertible into the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price equal to the lesser of (x) $15.00
or (y) the average of the three lowest intra-day trading prices of
the common stock during the 20
trading days immediately prior to delivery of the notice of
conversion, and (ii) warrants
to acquire up to an aggregate of 259,333 shares of the
Company’s common stock at
an initial exercise price of $15.00 per share.
II-1
●
In January 2018, the Company entered into a
securities purchase agreement
with certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued (i)
senior convertible notes in an
aggregate principal amount of $7,760,510, which notes are convertible into the
Company’s common stock at
an initial conversion price of
$4.58 per share, and (ii) warrants to acquire up to an aggregate of
1,694,440 shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial exercise price of $4.58
per share.
●
In August 2018, the Company entered into a
securities purchase agreement
with certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued 10%
senior convertible debentures
in an aggregate principal amount of $5,140,000, which
debentures convertible into
common stock at an initial
conversion price of $2 per
share.
●
In September 2018, the Company entered into a
securities purchase agreement
with certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued 10%
senior convertible debentures
in an aggregate principal amount of $2,050,000, which
debentures are convertible into
common stock at an initial
conversion price of $2 per
share.
●
In September 2018, the Company entered into a
securities purchase agreement
with certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued 10%
senior convertible debentures
in an aggregate principal amount of $800,000, which
debentures are convertible into
common stock at an initial
conversion price of $2 per
share.
●
In February 2019, the Company entered into a
securities purchase agreement
with certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued
secured convertible notes in an
aggregate principal amount of $1,352,224, consisting of gross
proceeds of $1,052,224 and settlement of existing debt of $300,000,
which notes are convertible
into common stock at an
initial conversion price of
$0.60 per share.
●
In April 2019, the Company issued 2,353,548 shares
of Series J Preferred Stock to certain existing investors, which
Series J Preferred Stock are convertible into shares of
common stock at an initial rate of
$0.60 per share.
●
In May 2019, the Company entered into a
securities purchase agreement
with certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued
convertible notes in an
aggregate principal amount of $1,300,000, which notes are convertible into the
Company’s common stock at
an initial conversion price of
$0.35 per share.
●
Between July and August 2019, the Company entered
into a securities purchase
agreement with certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company
issued convertible notes in an
aggregate principal amount of $975,000, which notes are convertible into the
Company’s common stock at
an initial conversion price of
$0.20 per share.
●
In December 2019, the Company entered into a
securities purchase agreement
with one purchaser pursuant to which the Company issued
convertible notes in an
aggregate principal amount of $200,000, which notes are convertible into the
Company’s common stock at
an initial conversion price of
$0.20 per share.
●
In January 2020, the Company entered into a
securities purchase agreement
with one purchaser pursuant to which the Company issued
convertible notes in an
aggregate principal amount of $200,000, which notes are convertible into the
Company’s common stock at
an initial conversion price of
$0.20 per share.
●
Between April and
May 2020, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement
with certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued
convertible notes in an aggregate principal amount of $2,017,000,
which notes are convertible into the Company’s common stock
at an initial conversion price of $0.20 per share.
●
In June 2020, the
Company issued (i) an aggregate of 3,500,000 shares of common
stock, (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase an aggregate of
5,500,000 million shares of common stock at an initial exercise
price of $0.20 per share and (iii) convertible notes in an
aggregate principal amount of $450,000, which notes are convertible
into the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion
price of $0.20 per share, in each case, pursuant to the Settlement
Agreement.
II-2
●
In July 2020, the
Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain
purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued convertible notes
in an aggregate principal amount of $3,190,000, which notes are
convertible into the Company’s common stock at an initial
conversion price of $0.20 per share.
●
In September 2020,
the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with
certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued convertible
notes in an aggregate principal amount of $250,000, which notes are
convertible into the Company’s common stock at an initial
conversion price of $0.20 per share.
●
In November 2020,
the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with
certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company issued convertible
notes in an aggregate principal amount of $350,000, which notes are
convertible into the Company's common stock at an initial
conversion price of $0.20 per share.
●
In December 2020
and January 2021, the Company entered into a securities purchase
agreement with certain purchasers pursuant to which the Company
issued convertible notes in an aggregate principal amount of
$8,985,000, which notes are convertible into the Company's common
stock at an initial conversion price of $0.20 per
share.
In addition, since July 2017, the Company made the following
issuances of its unregistered common stock pursuant exemptions from the
registration requirements of the Securities
Act:
●
20,934,347 shares
of common stock in connection with (i) the conversion of the
Company’s convertible notes or debentures and (ii) payments
of interest in lieu of cash with respect to the Company’s
convertible notes or debentures;
●
11,500,000 shares
of common stock in connection with compensation of the
Company’s officers and directors; and
●
5,236,429 shares of
common stock in connection with compensation of the Company’s
consultants.
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed with this registration
statement:
|
Exhibit Number
|
|
Exhibit Description
|
|
Form
|
|
Date
|
|
Number
|
|
Filed
Herewith
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of
Underwriting Agreement
|
|
S-1/A
|
|
02/08/2021
|
|
1.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Restated
Certificate of Incorporation of GT Biopharma, Inc., filed September
10, 1996 and amended through March 1, 2002
|
|
10-KSB
|
|
04/01/02
|
|
3.A
|
|
|
|
|
|
Certificate of Amendment to the
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of GT Biopharma, Inc., dated
February 9, 2011
|
|
10-K
|
|
03/31/11
|
|
3.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Certificate of Amendment to the
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of GT Biopharma, Inc.,
effective as of July 19, 2017
|
|
8-K/A
|
|
3/15/18
|
|
3.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bylaws, as restated effective September 7, 1994 and as amended
through April 29, 2003
|
|
10-QSB
|
|
08/13/03
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
Certificate of Designation of
Preferences, Rights and
Limitations of Series J-1 Preferred Stock of GT Biopharma, Inc., dated April
3, 2019
|
|
8-K
|
|
04/04/2019
|
|
3.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Warrant
|
|
S-1/A
|
|
2/02/21
|
|
4.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Pre-Funded Warrant
|
|
S-1/A
|
|
2/02/21
|
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
Opinion of Baker & McKenzie LLP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X
|
|
|
|
Exclusive License Agreement, dated July 18, 2016, between the
Regents of the University of Minnesota and Oxis Biotech,
Inc.
|
|
10-Q
|
|
08/11/17
|
|
10.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
License Agreement, dated September 3, 2015, among Daniel A.
Vallera, Jeffrey Lion and Oxis Biotech, Inc.
|
|
10-Q
|
|
08/11/17
|
|
10.4
|
|
|
II-3
|
|
Clinical Trial Agreement, dated
September 2019, between the Regents of the University of Minnesota
and GT Biopharma, Inc.
|
|
10-Q
|
|
5/15/20
|
|
10.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note Conversion Agreement, dated as of August 29, 2017, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the holders of the convertible
notes and debentures named therein
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/14/17
|
|
10.5
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amendment Agreement related to Note Conversion Agreement, dated October 10, 2017,
among GT Biopharma, Inc. and the holders of the convertible
notes and debentures named therein
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/14/17
|
|
10.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
Warrant Exercise Agreement, dated August 29, 2017, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the warrant
holders named therein
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/14/17
|
|
10.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amendment Agreement related to Warrant Exercise Agreement, dated October 10,
2017, among GT Biopharma, Inc. and the warrant holders named therein
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/14/17
|
|
10.9
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred Stock Exchange Agreement, dated as of August 29, 2017,
among GT Biopharma, Inc. and the holders of preferred stock named
therein
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/14/17
|
|
10.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amendment Agreement related to Preferred Stock Exchange Agreement, dated October
10, 2017, among GT Biopharma, Inc. and the holders of preferred
stock named therein
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/14/17
|
|
10.10
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 9, 2017, among OXIS
International, Inc. and the purchasers named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
01/13/17
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of 10% Senior Convertible
Debenture (related to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January
9, 2017)
|
|
8-K
|
|
01/13/17
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Common Stock Purchase
Warrant (related to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 9,
2017)
|
|
8-K
|
|
01/13/17
|
|
10.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 22, 2018, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the buyers named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
1/23/18
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated January 22, 2018, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the buyers named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
1/23/18
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Senior Convertible Note
(related to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 22,
2018)
|
|
8-K
|
|
1/23/18
|
|
10.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Warrant to Purchase
Common Stock (related to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated
January 22, 2018)
|
|
8-K
|
|
1/23/18
|
|
10.4
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 2, 2018, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchasers named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
08/03/18
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of 10% Senior Convertible
Debenture (related to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August
2, 2018)
|
|
8-K
|
|
08/03/18
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock Pledge Agreement, dated
August 2, 2018, by the Pledgors
named therein for the benefit of Grushko & Mittman,
P.C.
|
|
10-Q
|
|
08/14/18
|
|
10.10
|
|
|
|
|
|
Security Purchase Agreement, dated September 7, 2018, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchasers named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
09/07/18
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of 10% Senior Convertible
Debenture (related to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated
September 7, 2018)
|
|
8-K
|
|
09/07/18
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Security Purchase Agreement, dated September 24, 2018, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchasers named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
09/28/18
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of 10% Senior Convertible
Debenture (related to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated
September 24, 2018)
|
|
8-K
|
|
09/28/18
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated February 4, 2019, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchasers named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
02/06/19
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 4, 2019, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchasers named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
02/06/19
|
|
10.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Secured Convertible
Note (related to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated February 4,
2019)
|
|
8-K
|
|
02/06/19
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Security Agreement, dated February 4, 2019, among GT Biopharma,
Inc. and Alpha Capital Anstalt,
as collateral agent
|
|
8-K
|
|
02/06/19
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated May 22, 2019, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchasers named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
05/24/19
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated May 22, 2019, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchasers named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
05/24/19
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Convertible Note
(related to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 20,
2019)
|
|
8-K
|
|
05/24/19
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
II-4
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 20, 2019, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchasers named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
05/24/19
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated August 20, 2019, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchasers named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
05/24/19
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Convertible Note
(related to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated May 22,
2019)
|
|
8-K
|
|
05/24/19
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 30, 2020, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchaser named therein
|
|
10-Q
|
|
05/15/20
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated January 30, 2020, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchaser named therein
|
|
10-Q
|
|
05/15/20
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Convertible Note
(related to Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 30,
2020)
|
|
10-Q
|
|
05/15/20
|
|
10.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form Securities Purchase Agreement among GT Biopharma, Inc. and the
purchaser named therein (executed in April/May 2020)
|
|
10-Q
|
|
05/15/20
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Registration Rights Agreement among GT Biopharma, Inc. and
the purchaser named therein (executed in April/May
2020)
|
|
10-Q
|
|
05/15/20
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Convertible Note
(related to Securities Purchase Agreement executed in April/May
2020)
|
|
10-Q
|
|
05/15/20
|
|
10.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated July 7, 2020, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchaser named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
07/09/20
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated July 7, 2020, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchaser named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
07/09/20
|
|
10.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Convertible Note (related to Securities Purchase Agreement,
dated July 7, 2020)
|
|
8-K
|
|
07/09/20
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Standstill and
Forbearance Agreement, dated June 23, 2020, between the Company and
certain holders of convertible notes and debentures
|
|
8-K
|
|
06/23/20
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Settlement Agreement, dated June 19, 2020, among GT Biopharma,
Inc., Empery Asset Master Ltd., Empery Tax Efficient, LP and Empery
Tax Efficient II, LP, Anthony Cataldo and Paul
Kessler.
|
|
8-K
|
|
06/19/20
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Convertible Note, dated
June 19, 2020 (related to Settlement Agreement, dated June 19,
2020)
|
|
8-K
|
|
06/19/20
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Pre-Funded Warrant to
Purchase Common Stock, dated June 19, 2020 (related to Settlement
Agreement, dated June 19, 2020)
|
|
8-K
|
|
06/19/20
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Executive Employment Agreement, dated October 19, 2018, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and Raymond W. Urbanski
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/14/18
|
|
10.17
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consultant Agreement, dated February 14, 2018, among GT Biopharma,
Inc., Georgetown Translational Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Anthony J.
Cataldo
|
|
8-K
|
|
2/21/18
|
|
10.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employment agreement with Anthony Cataldo
|
|
10-Q
|
|
8/14/20
|
|
10.11
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employment agreement with Steven Weldon
|
|
10-Q
|
|
8/14/20
|
|
10.12
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Convertible Note (related to Securities Purchase Agreement,
dated September 16, 2020)
|
|
8-K
|
|
9/22/20
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 16, 2020, among GT
Biopharma, Inc. and the purchasers named therein
|
|
8-K
|
|
9/22/20
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Master Services Agreement, dated October 5, 2020, between Gt
Biopharma, Inc. and Cytovance Biologics, Inc.
|
|
8-K
|
|
10/6/20
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
Form of
First Amendment and Extension of Standstill and Forbearance
Agreement
|
|
8-K
|
|
11/4/20
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of Secured Convertible Note
|
|
8-K
|
|
11/9/20
|
|
4.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Securities
Purchase Agreement
|
|
8-K
|
|
11/9/20
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Settlement
Agreement, dated as of November 9, 2020, by and among Adam Kasower,
East Ventures, Inc., A British Virgin Islands company, SV Booth
Investments III, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and
Theorem Group, LLC, a California LLC and GT Biopharma Inc., a
Delaware corporation.
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/13/20
|
|
10.19
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of
Settlement Note, dated November 9, 2020.
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/13/20
|
|
10.20
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steve
Weldon Letter of Resignation, dated November 11, 2020
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/13/20
|
|
10.21
|
|
|
|
|
|
Board
Service Agreement with Bruce Wendel, dated November 11,
2020
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/13/20
|
|
10.22
|
|
|
|
|
|
Board
Service Agreement with Greg Berk, dated November 11,
2020
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/13/20
|
|
10.23
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consultant
Agreement with Michael Handelman, dated November 13,
2020
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/13/20
|
|
10.24
|
|
|
II-5
|
|
Form of
Amendment to Convertible Note & Standstill
Agreement
|
|
8-K
|
|
12/23/20
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Settlement
Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2020, by and among Alto
Opportunity Master Fund, SPC - Segregated Master Portfolio B,
Anthony Cataldo, Paul Kessler and GT Biopharma Inc., a Delaware
corporation.
|
|
8-K
|
|
12/28/20
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
Settlement
Note, dated December 22, 2020, by GT Biopharma Inc. payable to Alto
Opportunity Master Fund, SPC - Segregated Master Portfolio
B.
|
|
8-K
|
|
12/28/20
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
10.65 |
|
Form of
Second Amendment and Extension of Standstill and Forbearance
Agreement.
|
|
8-K
|
|
2/1/21
|
|
10.1
|
|
|
|
|
Form of
Amendment to Convertible Note, dated January 31,
2021
|
|
8-K
|
|
2/1/21
|
|
10.2
|
|
|
|
|
Board
Service Agreement with Bruce Wendel, dated November 11,
2020.
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/13/20
|
|
10.22
|
|
|
|
|
|
Board
Service Agreement with Greg Berk, dated November 11,
2020.
|
|
10-Q
|
|
11/13/20
|
|
10.23
|
|
|
|
|
|
Board
Service Agreement with Rajesh Shrotriya, dated January 12,
2021.
|
|
S-1/A
|
|
02/08/2021
|
|
10.69
|
|
|
|
|
|
Board
Service Agreement with Michael Breen, dated January 12,
2021.
|
|
S-1/A
|
|
02/08/2021
|
|
10.70
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amendment
to Settlement Note with Alto Opportunity Master Fund, SPC -
Segregated Master Portfolio B.
|
|
S-1/A
|
|
02/08/2021
|
|
10.71
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of
Securities Purchase Agreement - December 2020 / January 2021
Notes.
|
|
S-1/A
|
|
02/08/2021
|
|
10/72
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form of
December 2020 / January 2021 Note.
|
|
S-1/A
|
|
02/08/2021
|
|
10.73
|
|
|
|
|
Subsidiaries of GT Biopharma, Inc.
|
|
10-K
|
|
03/31/16
|
|
21.1
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Consent of Seligson & Giannattasio, LLP
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X
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Consent of Baker McKenzie LLP (included in Exhibit
5.1)
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X
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Power of Attorney (included on
signature page to this registration statement)
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101.INS
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XBRL Instance Document
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X
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101.SCH
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
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X
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101.CAL
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
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X
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101.DEF
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
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X
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101.LAB
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
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X
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101.PRE
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XBRL Taxonomy Extension
Presentation Linkbase Document
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X
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(b) Financial Statement Schedules
See the Index to Financial Statements included on page F-1 for a
list of the financial statements included in this
prospectus.
II-6
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
1. To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being
made, a post-effective amendment to this registration
statement:
(i)
To include any
prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities
Act;
(ii)
To reflect in the
prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of
this registration statement ( or most recent post-effective
amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate,
represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the
registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase
or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar
value of securities offered would not exceed that which was
registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the
estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of
prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b)
(Section 230.424(b) of this chapter) if, in the aggregate, the
changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in
the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the
“Calculation of Registration
Fee” table in the effective registration statement;
and
(iii)
To include any
material information with respect to the plan of distribution not
previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material
change to such information in the registration
statement.
Provided, however, that:
2. That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed
to be a new registration statement relating to the securities
offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time
shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering
thereof.
3. To remove from registration by means of a post-effective
amendment any of the securities being registered which remain
unsold at the termination of the offering.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers and
controlling persons pursuant to the provisions above, or otherwise,
we have been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and
Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy
as expressed in the Securities Act, and is, therefore,
unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification
against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant
of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling
person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action,
suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or
controlling person in connection with the securities being
registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its
counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent,
submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether
such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in
the Act and will be governed by
the final adjudication of such issue.
II-7
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the
registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed
on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the
City of Los Angeles, State of California, on February 8, 2021.
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GT
BIOPHARMA, INC.
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By:
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/s/ Anthony
J. Cataldo
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Anthony
J. Cataldo
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Chief
Executive Officer
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
registration statement has been signed below by the following
persons in the capacities and on the dates
indicated.
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/s/ Anthony J.
Cataldo
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Anthony J. Cataldo, Chief Executive Officer and
Director
(principal executive officer)
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February 8, 2021
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/s/ Michael
Handelman
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Michael Handelman, Chief Financial Officer
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(principal financial officer and principal accounting
officer)
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February 8, 2021
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*
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Bruce Wendel, Vice-Chairman of the Board
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February 8, 2021
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*
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Greg Berk, Director
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February 8, 2021
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*
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Michael Breen,
Director
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February 8, 2021
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*
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Rajesh Shrotriya,
Director
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February 8, 2021
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By: /s/ Anthony J.
Cataldo
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Anthony J. Cataldo, Attorney-in-fact
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February 8,
2021
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Exhibit 5.1
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Baker &
McKenzie LLP
1900 North Pearl Street, Suite
1500Dallas, Texas 75201United States
Tel: +1 214 978
3000
Fax: +1 214 978
3099
www.bakermckenzie.com
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Based
upon and subject to the foregoing qualifications, assumptions and
limitations and the further limitations set forth below, we are of
the opinion that:
1.
The Securities have
been duly and validly authorized and, when such Securities are
issued and paid for in accordance with terms of the Registration
Statement and the underwriting agreement in respect thereof, will
be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
2.
The shares of
Common Stock that may be issued from time to time upon the exercise
of the Common Warrants, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the
Underwriters’ Warrant have been duly and validly authorized
and, when such shares of Common Stock are issued and paid for in
accordance with terms of the the Common Warrants, the Pre-Funded
Warrants and the Underwriters’ Warrant, as applicable,
assuming no change in the applicable law or facts, will be validly
issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
We
express no opinion to the extent that, notwithstanding its current
reservation of shares of common stock for future issuance, future
issuances of securities of the Company and/or adjustments to
outstanding securities of the Company cause the Common Warrants to
be convertible into more shares of the common stock than the number
that then remain authorized but unissued.
The
opinions expressed above are limited to the General Corporation Law
of the State of Delaware and the federal laws of the United States
of America. We do not purport to cover herein the application of
the securities or “Blue Sky” laws of the various
states.
This
opinion letter is limited to the matters stated herein, and no
opinion is implied or may be inferred beyond the matters expressly
stated. We hereby consent to the use of our opinion as herein set
forth as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of
our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the
prospectus forming a part of the Registration Statement. In giving
this consent, we do not hereby admit that we come within the
category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of
the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the SEC
promulgated thereunder or Item 509 of Regulation S-K.
Very
truly yours,
/s/ BAKER & McKENZIE
LLP
BAKER
& McKENZIE LLP
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Exhibit 23.1
Consent
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We
consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration
Statement on Form S-1 of GT Biopharma, Inc. of our report dated
March 27, 2020, relating to our audit of the consolidated financial
statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2019 and
2018, which appears in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of GT
Biopharma, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2019. Our report
included an explanatory paragraph expressing substantial doubt
about the ability of GT Biopharma, Inc. to continue as a going
concern.
We also
consent to the reference to our Firm under the caption
“Experts” in the Prospectus, which is part of this
Registration Statement.
/s/Seligson & Giannattasio, LLP
Seligson
& Giannattasio, LLP
White
Plains, New York
February 8,
2021