Hims & Hers Health, Inc 10-Q for FY2026 Q3
Hims & Hers Health, Inc. (HIMS)
10-Q
2026-11-09
For: 2026-09-30
View Original
Added on
November 10, 2026
About this 10-Q
Hims & Hers Health, Inc filed this 10-Q on November 9, 2026, covering the quarter ended September 30, 2026 (FY2026 Q3).
Hims & Hers reported revenue of 890,373 for the three months ended September 30, 2026, up 49%, but posted a net loss of 33,040 versus net income of 15,774 in 2025. Free Cash Flow fell to 25,974 from 79,364. AI summary
[OPEN]
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2026
OR
For the transition period from to ____________
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (Commission File Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (ZIP Code) | |||||||||||||||||||
(415 ) 851-0195
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
As of November 6, 2026, 226,034,799 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001, and 8,377,623 shares of Class V common stock, par value $0.0001, were issued and outstanding.
Table of Contents
i
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including, without limitation, statements under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including without limitation the words “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “assume,” “imply,” “intend,” “plan,” “may,” “will,” “potential,” “project,” “predict,” “continue,” “could,” “confident,” “confidence,” or “should,” or, in each case, their plural, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology. There can be no assurance that actual results will not materially differ from expectations. Such statements include, but are not limited to, any statements relating to our financial and business performance, including with respect to the Hims & Hers platform, our marketing campaigns, investments in innovation, the solutions accessible on our platform, the markets accessible on our platform, and our infrastructure, and the underlying assumptions with respect to the foregoing; potential strategic investments, partnerships, or collaborations, and the expected timing or outcome of any such investments, partnerships, or collaborations; statements relating to events and trends relevant to us, including with respect to our regulatory environment, financial condition, results of operations, short- and long-term business operations, objectives, and financial needs; expectations regarding our mobile applications, market acceptance, user experience, customer retention, brand development, our ability to invest and generate a return on any such investment, customer acquisition costs, operating efficiencies and leverage (including our fulfillment capabilities), the effect of any pricing decisions, changes in our product and offering mix, the timing and market acceptance of any new products or offerings, the timing and anticipated effect of any pending or recently completed acquisitions, the success and utility of our business model, our market opportunity, our ability to scale our business and expand internationally, the growth of certain of our specialties, our ability to innovate on and expand the scope of our offerings and experiences, including through the use of diagnostics, data analytics and AI, our ability to reinvest into the customer experience, our ability to comply with the extensive, complex, and evolving legal and regulatory requirements applicable to our business, including without limitation state and federal healthcare, privacy and consumer protection laws and regulations, and the effect or outcome of litigation or governmental actions or statements in relation to any such legal and regulatory requirements. These statements are based on management’s current expectations, but actual results may differ materially due to various factors.
The forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. Future developments affecting us may not be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control), and other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under Part II, Item 1A: “Risk Factors.” Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation (and expressly disclaim any obligation) to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. These risks and others described under Part II, Item 1A: “Risk Factors” may not be exhaustive.
By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition, even if our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.
ii
Part I - Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Hims & Hers Health, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Short-term available-for-sale investments | |||||||||||
| Receivables, net | |||||||||||
| Inventory | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Long-term available-for-sale investments | |||||||||||
| Goodwill | |||||||||||
| Property, equipment, and software, net | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net | |||||||||||
| Other long-term assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Liabilities and stockholders' equity | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued liabilities | |||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Deferred acquisition payable | |||||||||||
| Earn-out consideration | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Convertible senior notes, net | |||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Deferred acquisition payable | |||||||||||
| Earn-out consideration | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities, net | |||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) | |||||||||||
| Stockholders' equity: | |||||||||||
Common stock – Class A shares, par value $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | ( | ||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total stockholders' equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
1
Hims & Hers Health, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of
Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Unaudited)
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operations and support | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technology and development | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income from operations | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of equity securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of liabilities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (expense) income, net | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other income, net | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit from income taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive (loss) income | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, Class A and Class V: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||
Diluted | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding, Class A and Class V: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
2
Hims & Hers Health, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income | Accumulated Deficit | Total Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs, net of shares withheld for taxes | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of vested stock options | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued for asset acquisition indemnification holdback | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2026 | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs, net of shares withheld for taxes | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of vested stock options | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes, net of tax | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2026 | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs, net of shares withheld for taxes | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of vested stock options | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income | Accumulated Deficit | Total Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs, net of shares withheld for taxes | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of vested stock options | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for acquisition of assets | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock to be issued for asset acquisition indemnification holdback | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2025 | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs, net of shares withheld for taxes | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of vested stock options | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes, net of tax | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2025 | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon vesting of RSUs, net of shares withheld for taxes | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of vested stock options | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases and retirement of common stock | ( | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
Hims & Hers Health, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(In Thousands)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Operating activities | |||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | |||||||||||
| Change in fair value of equity securities | ( | ||||||||||
| Change in fair value of liabilities | |||||||||||
| Net accretion on securities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Benefit from deferred taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | |||||||||||
| Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs | |||||||||||
| Non-cash operating lease cost | |||||||||||
| Non-cash acquisition-related costs | |||||||||||
| Non-cash restructuring and other related charges included within cost of revenue | |||||||||||
| Non-cash other | ( | ||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Receivables, net | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Inventory | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ( | ||||||||||
| Other long-term assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accounts payable | |||||||||||
| Accrued liabilities | ( | ||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | |||||||||||
| Earn-out consideration | ( | ||||||||||
| Deferred acquisition payable | ( | ||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
| Investing activities | |||||||||||
| Purchases of available-for-sale investments | ( | ||||||||||
| Maturities of available-for-sale investments | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investments | |||||||||||
| Purchases of property, equipment, and intangible assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Investment in website development and internal-use software | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Deferred consideration paid for acquisition | ( | ||||||||||
| Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Purchases of equity securities | ( | ||||||||||
| Payments for investment earn-outs | ( | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ||||||||||
| Financing activities | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of debt discount | |||||||||||
| Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of vested stock options | |||||||||||
| Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan | |||||||||||
| Payments for acquisition-related earn-out consideration | ( | ||||||||||
| Payments for debt issuance costs | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Repurchases of common stock | ( | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | |||||||||||
| Foreign currency effect on cash and cash equivalents | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period | |||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information | |||||||||||
| Cash (received) paid for taxes, net of refunds | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | |||||||||||
| Non-cash investing and financing activities | |||||||||||
| Purchases of property, equipment, and intangible assets included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for lease liability | |||||||||||
| Common stock issued, contingent and deferred consideration, additional consideration payable, and liabilities assumed in connection with acquisition of businesses | |||||||||||
| Proceeds from sales of equity securities included in receivables, net | |||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with asset acquisition | |||||||||||
| Common stock to be issued for asset acquisition indemnification holdback | |||||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
Hims & Hers Health, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
1. Organization
Hims & Hers Health, Inc. (the “Company” or “Hims & Hers”), incorporated in Delaware, is a consumer-first platform transforming the way customers fulfill their health and wellness needs. The Company’s mission is to help the world feel great through the power of better health. The Company has operations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, the European Union (in Germany, the Republic of Ireland, France, and Spain), Australia, and Japan. The Hims & Hers platforms (collectively, the Company’s “platform”) include access to a highly-qualified and technologically-capable provider network, a clinically-focused electronic medical records system, digital prescriptions, cloud-enabled pharmacy fulfillment, and personalization capabilities. The Company’s digital platform enables access to treatments for a broad range of conditions, including primarily those related to sexual health, hair loss, hormone health, weight loss, dermatology, and mental health, as well as services such as comprehensive laboratory testing. Hims & Hers connects patients to licensed healthcare professionals who can prescribe medications when appropriate. Prescriptions are fulfilled online through licensed pharmacies, making accessing treatments simple, affordable, and straightforward. Through the Hims & Hers mobile applications, consumers can access a range of educational programs, wellness content, community support, and other services that promote lifelong health and wellness.
In addition, the Company offers access to a range of health and wellness products designed to meet individual needs, which can include curated prescription and non-prescription products. The Company’s products and services are available for purchase directly by customers on the Company’s websites and mobile applications.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
The condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2026 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2025 included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. As such, the information included herein should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2025 (the “audited consolidated financial statements”).
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and reflect, in management’s opinion, all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s balance sheet, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented, but are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year or any other period.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and variable interest entities in which it is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Except for the reclassification for and addition of receivables, net discussed below and the addition of restructuring and other related charges, there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies described in the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2025 that have had a material impact on these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes.
Reclassifications
Beginning with the first quarter of 2026, the Company reclassified receivables, net out of prepaid expenses and other current assets and into its own caption on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to this presentation. These changes had no impact on the Company’s previously reported financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. For a detailed description of receivables, net, refer to the “Receivables, net” section.
6
Use of Estimates
The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The more significant estimates, judgments, and assumptions by management include, among others, valuation and recognition of stock-based compensation expense, initial and subsequent valuation of contingent consideration in business combinations or asset acquisitions, purchase price allocation for business combinations, valuation of assets acquired in an asset acquisition, estimates used in determining the useful lives of intangible assets, valuation of deferred tax assets, estimating the net realizable value of inventory, valuation of refund reserve, and estimates used in the capitalization of website development and internal-use software costs. Management believes that the estimates, judgments, and assumptions upon which it relies are reasonable based upon information available to it at the time that these estimates, judgments, and assumptions were made. Actual results experienced by the Company may differ from management’s estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements will be affected.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for its business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The purchase price is attributed to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as incurred. Identifiable assets and liabilities acquired or assumed are measured separately at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The excess of the purchase price of acquisition over the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree is recorded as goodwill. The results of businesses acquired in a business combination are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition.
When the Company issues stock-based or cash awards to an acquired company’s shareholders, the Company evaluates whether the awards are consideration or compensation for post-acquisition services. The evaluation includes, among other things, whether the vesting of the awards is contingent on the continued employment of the acquired company’s stockholders beyond the acquisition date. If continued employment is required for vesting, the awards are treated as compensation for post-acquisition services and recognized as expense over the requisite service period.
Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to use significant judgment and estimates, including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenue and cash flows, discount rates, and selection of comparable companies. The estimates and assumptions used to determine the fair values and useful lives of identified intangible assets could change due to numerous factors, including market conditions, technological developments, economic conditions, and competition. In connection with determination of fair values, the Company may engage a third-party valuation specialist to assist with the valuation of intangible and certain tangible assets acquired and certain assumed obligations.
Segment Reporting
The Company is managed as a single operating segment on a consolidated basis, inclusive of acquisitions. The Company determines its operating segments based on how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) makes decisions regarding the allocation of resources and operational strategy, assesses performance, and manages the organization at a consolidated level. The Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) is the CODM. The products and services from which this segment derives its revenues are described below in the discussion of revenue recognition.
Receivables, net
Receivables, net primarily consists of manufacturer’s discount and rebate receivables related to the Company’s vendor supply agreements, as well as Platform Partner trade receivables, income tax refund receivables, loss recovery receivables, and other receivables, net. Manufacturer’s discount and rebate receivables are recorded based on the contract terms of the associated vendor supply agreements, are primarily related to the volume of inventory shipped, and totaled $345.3 million as of September 30, 2026, with an immaterial balance as of December 31, 2025. Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Loss recovery receivables are recorded when a loss has been incurred, recovery is probable and reasonably estimable, amounts are considered collectible, and there is a direct link between the loss incurred and
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the reimbursement. Loss recovery receivables, which generally include supplier recoveries, amounts due from suppliers for refunds, or other recoveries related to a breach of contract, totaled $26.0 million as of September 30, 2026. Losses incurred are recorded net of related loss recovery receivables and are included within cost of revenue on the the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income They are recognized to the extent of the losses incurred when contractual rights exist for recovery. Receivables are stated at amounts estimated by management to be equal to their net realizable values. The allowance for doubtful accounts, if any, is the Company's best estimate of the amount of expected credit losses on its accounts receivable. The expectation of collectability is based on the Company's review of credit profiles of customers, contractual terms and conditions, current economic trends, and historical payment experience. If events or changes in circumstances indicate that specific receivable balances may be impaired, further consideration is given to the collectability of those balances and an allowance is recorded accordingly. Account balances are written off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. There were immaterial write-offs of balances within receivables, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and no write-offs of any balances within receivables, net for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company had no material allowances for doubtful accounts.
The Company sells certain of its eligible receivables to a third-party Purchaser under a receivables purchase facility. XeCare LLC and Apostrophe Pharmacy LLC, each a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (each an “RPA Seller” and, collectively, the “RPA Sellers”), are parties to a Master Receivables Purchase Agreement (the “RPA”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as purchaser (the “Purchaser”), providing for an uncommitted facility with an aggregate limit at any time of $400.0 million. Pursuant to the RPA, the RPA Sellers may, subject to the terms and conditions therein, offer to sell certain of their eligible receivables to the Purchaser (“Purchased Receivables”) at a discount. The Company accounts for transfers of receivables under the RPA as sales in accordance with ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing, as the Company has determined that it has surrendered control over the transferred receivables. Accordingly, receivables sold under the RPA are derecognized from the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets at the time of sale, and the related proceeds, net of any discount, are reflected within cash flows from operating activities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Limited recourse is available to the Purchaser pursuant to certain indemnity and repurchase obligations described in the RPA in connection with certain representations, warranties and covenants to the Purchaser regarding the Purchased Receivables. No such representation, warranty, or covenant gives the Purchaser recourse against the RPA Sellers in response to credit loss experienced by Purchaser due to any debtor of a Purchased Receivable being insolvent, declining in creditworthiness, or having an inability to pay. In connection with the RPA, the Company agreed to guarantee the performance of the RPA Sellers of their obligations under the RPA. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the RPA Sellers sold receivables with a carrying value of $434.5 million under the RPA for net cash proceeds of $433.3 million, and the Company recognized a discount on sale of receivables of $1.2
Investments
Available-for-sale debt instruments with original maturities at the date of purchase greater than three months and remaining maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term available-for-sale investments on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Available-for-sale debt instruments with original maturities at the date of purchase and remaining maturities of greater than one year are classified as long-term available-for-sale investments on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company initially intends to sell such investments, if any, at or close to maturity. The available-for-sale investments are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, except for credit losses. The Company determines the cost of the investment sold based on specific identification at the individual security level. The Company records the interest income and realized gains and losses on the sale of these instruments within other (expense) income, net on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.
Equity securities which the Company currently intends to sell within one year are classified as short-term investments and are included within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Equity securities which the Company currently does not intend to sell within one year are classified as long-term investments and are included within other long-term assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Equity securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, recorded in change in fair value of equity securities on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.
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Inventory
Inventory primarily consists of finished goods and raw materials that are located at Company-managed and third-party fulfillment warehouses, pharmacies, and storage facilities. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value and inventory cost is determined by the weighted average cost method. Inventory cost is net of manufacturer's discount and rebate receivables, as applicable. The Company reserves for expired, slow-moving, unsellable, and excess inventory by estimating the net realizable value based on the potential future use of such inventory. Management monitors inventory to identify events that would require impairment due to slow-moving, expired, or obsolete inventory and reduces the value of inventory when required.
Goodwill
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets include property, equipment, and software and intangible assets subject to amortization. Long-lived assets, including acquired assets from a business combination, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. In such cases, recoverability of an asset group to be held and used is assessed by comparing the carrying amount of the asset group with its future underlying net undiscounted cash flows without interest charges. If such asset group is considered to be impaired, an impairment is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset group exceeds the estimated fair values of the asset group. No impairment of long-lived assets was recorded for the three months ended September 30, 2026. The Company recognized $1.1 million of impairment charges on long-lived assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 in general and administrative expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. Impairment charges on long-lived assets were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. As a result of recent acquisitions, the Company consisted of four asset groups as of September 30, 2026.
Convertible Notes
The Company has issued the 2030 Convertible Notes and the 2032 Convertible Notes (each as defined in Note 13 – Debt and collectively referred to as the “Convertible Notes”) which are recorded at their carrying values on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Convertible Notes will be classified as long-term liabilities until they are scheduled to mature within one year of the balance sheet date or become repayable within one year of the balance sheet date. Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs, along with contractual interest expense, if any, is recorded over the term of the Convertible Notes using the effective interest method. The Company evaluates conversion features to determine if they are required to be accounted for separately as embedded derivatives. The Convertible Notes are considered participating securities for purposes of calculating diluted net (loss) income per share. The dilutive effect is calculated under the if-converted method whereby the numerator is adjusted to add back the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs and the denominator is adjusted to add the gross number of Class A common stock shares issuable upon conversion as if converted at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later).
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Capped Calls
The Company has entered into the 2030 Capped Calls and the 2032 Capped Calls (each as defined in Note 13 – Debt and collectively referred to as the “Capped Calls”) in connection with the issuances of the Convertible Notes. The Capped Calls meet certain accounting criteria to be classified as equity, and premiums paid for the Capped Calls are recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital within stockholders’ equity, net of the deferred tax impact. The Capped Calls are not accounted for as derivatives and will not be remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification. The Capped Calls are expected to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s Class A common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes. As such, their effect on diluted net (loss) income per share would be anti-dilutive and they are excluded from the calculation.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
The Company’s consolidated revenue primarily comprises online sales of health and wellness products and services through the Company’s websites and mobile applications, including prescription and non-prescription products. In certain contracts that contain prescription products prescribed as the result of a consultation, revenue also includes medical consultation services and post-consultation service, if applicable. For weight loss membership arrangements, revenue includes membership-based services, including access to the Company’s telehealth programs and prescription products, with membership periods ranging from 30 days to 360 days.
The following table presents revenues disaggregated by geography, based on the jurisdiction in which the Company’s consolidated legal entities operate (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| United States Revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Rest of the World Revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
For both United States Revenue and Rest of the World Revenue, a significant majority of customers are individuals who purchase products and/or services through the Company’s websites or mobile applications. The transaction price in the Company’s contracts with customers is the total amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring products or services to the customer.
The Company’s contracts primarily include the following performance obligations: access to (i) products, as well as related material rights, as applicable, and (ii) services, primarily consisting of medical consultation services, membership-based access, post-consultation service support, and delivery of laboratory testing results, as applicable. The Company’s contracts that do not contain prescription products primarily have a single performance obligation. Revenue is recognized at the time the related performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised product to the customer. In contracts that contain services, revenue is recognized by the provision of consultation services to the customer, over time on a stand-ready basis for membership-based access, or upon delivery of testing results to the customer for laboratory services. The Company satisfies its performance obligation for products at a point in time, which is primarily upon delivery of the products to a third-party carrier. The Company satisfies its performance obligation for consultation services typically within one day and for membership-based access and post-consultation service support over the contract term. The customer obtains control of the products and services upon the Company’s completion of its performance obligations.
For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The stand-alone selling price is based on the prices at which the Company separately sells the products and services, as well as market and cost plus estimates.
To fulfill its promise to customers in the United States for certain contracts that include professional medical consultations, the Company maintains relationships with various “Affiliated Medical Groups,” which are professional corporations or other
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professional entities owned by licensed physicians and that engage licensed healthcare professionals (physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and mental health providers; collectively referred to as “Providers” or individually, a “Provider”) to provide consultation services. Refer to Note 11 – Variable Interest Entities. The Company also maintains relationships with certain directly contracted Providers outside of the United States. The Company accounts for the Affiliated Medical Groups service revenue, as well as for service revenue generated from directly contracted Providers, as a principal in the arrangement with its customers. This conclusion is reached because (i) the Company determines which Affiliated Medical Group and Provider provides the consultation to the customer; (ii) the Company is primarily responsible for the satisfactory fulfillment and acceptability of the services; (iii) the Company incurs costs for consultation services even for visits that do not result in a prescription and the sale of products; and (iv) the Company, in its sole discretion, sets all listed prices charged on its websites and mobile applications for products and services.
Additionally, with the exception of Platform Partner arrangements (defined below), to fulfill its promise to customers for contracts that include sale of prescription products, the Company utilizes (i) certain third-party pharmacies (“Partner Pharmacies” or individually, a “Partner Pharmacy”) and (ii) wholly-owned pharmacies. The pharmacies, as licensed, fill prescription orders for customers who have received a prescription from a prescribing Provider through the Company’s websites and mobile applications. The Company accounts for prescription product revenue from Partner Pharmacies as a principal in the arrangement with its customers. This conclusion is reached because (i) the Company has sole discretion in determining which pharmacy fills a customer’s prescription; (ii) the pharmacies fill the prescription based on fulfillment instructions provided by the Company, including using the Company’s branded packaging, as applicable; (iii) the Company is primarily responsible to the customer for the satisfactory fulfillment and acceptability of the order; (iv) the Company is responsible for refunds of the prescription medication after transfer of control to the customer; and (v) if permitted by law and/or contract terms, the Company, in its sole discretion, sets all listed prices charged on its websites and mobile applications for products and services.
Further, to provide access to certain products, a substantial majority of which are prescription products, the Company has contracts with third-party platform partners (“Platform Partners”). Under the Platform Partner arrangements, the Company accounts for the provision of access to prescription products as an agent in the arrangement. This conclusion is reached because (i) the Company is contractually restricted in determining which pharmacy fills a customer’s prescription; (ii) the Platform Partner has discretion over how the prescription products are fulfilled, including the packaging used, and the related shipments do not utilize the Company’s branded packaging, as applicable; (iii) the Platform Partner is responsible to the customer for the satisfactory fulfillment and acceptability of the order, with the Platform Partner’s role in the arrangement explicitly disclosed to the customer; (iv) the Platform Partner is responsible for refunds related to fulfillment obligations of the prescription medication after transfer of control to the customer, as applicable; and (v) the Platform Partner has discretion in how the listed prices are displayed on the Company’s websites and mobile applications for its offerings, as applicable.
The Company estimates refunds using the expected value method primarily based on historical refunds granted to customers. The Company updates its estimate at the end of each reporting period and recognizes the estimated amount as contra-revenue with a corresponding refund liability. Sales, value-added, and other taxes are excluded from the transaction price and, therefore, from revenue.
The Company accounts for shipping activities, consisting of direct costs to ship products performed after the control of a product has been transferred to the customer, in cost of revenue.
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Restructuring and Other Related Charges
In March 2026, the Company announced a strategic shift for its United States weight loss offering ("2026 US WL Announcement"). As a result, the Company evolved its United States weight loss offering to match the Company's global approach towards providing access to branded glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (“GLP-1”) medications, and offering access to compounded GLP-1 medications through the platform on a limited scale. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recorded $3.8 million and $41.9 million, respectively, in non-recurring restructuring and other related charges on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income in connection with the 2026 US WL Announcement. For the three months ended September 30, 2026, all $3.8 million is presented within operating expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, $28.5 million and $13.4 million are presented within cost of revenue and operating expenses, respectively.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The amendments in this ASU expand certain expense category disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about inventory purchases, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and selling expenses. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), which clarified the effective date for ASU 2024-03. The ASU is effective for all public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis and retrospective application is permitted. The Company is evaluating the method of adoption and the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The amendments in this ASU remove all references to prescriptive and sequential software development stages (referred to as “project stages”) throughout Subtopic 350-40 to increase the operability of the recognition guidance considering different methods of software development. ASU 2025-06 is effective for all public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. Entities may adopt the amendments using a prospective, modified, or retrospective transition approach. The Company is evaluating the method of adoption and the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
3. Acquisitions
Eucalyptus
In June 2026, Horizon BidCo Pty Ltd ACN 694 778 375 (which is now H&H Australia Intermediate Holdings Pty Ltd ACN 694 778 375), an Australian proprietary company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, acquired all of the outstanding equity of EUC Management Pty Ltd ACN 631 013 860 and its subsidiaries (“Eucalyptus”), a digital health and wellness platform headquartered in Australia, with operations in Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, Canada, and Japan. The Company acquired Eucalyptus to expand its global operations into Australia and Japan and deepen its presence in the United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, and Canada. The purchase price for accounting purposes was $968.5 million, including cash paid upfront of $225.0 million, deferred payments totaling $683.9 million payable in six quarterly installments through the 18 -month anniversary of the closing, and contingent consideration with an acquisition date fair value of $59.6 million. The contingent consideration relates to a potential aggregate earn-out payment of up to $96.6 million, upon achievement of revenue and adjusted EBITDA targets with measurements occurring for each of the 2026, 2027, and 2028 fiscal years. The Company has the option, at its sole discretion, to settle a significant majority of the deferred consideration and earn-out payments in shares of Class A common stock, subject to a cap on the aggregate number of shares issuable equal to 19.9 % of the Company’s issued and outstanding Class A common stock, together with any securities issued or issuable in a financing by the Company in connection with the acquisition. No shares of the Company's Class A common stock were issued at closing of the acquisition of Eucalyptus.
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method with the purchase price being allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective estimated fair values in Australian dollars on the acquisition date. The purchase price allocation was prepared on a preliminary basis and may be subject to further adjustments as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date concerning the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed and any related tax impacts. The
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Company expects to finalize these amounts as soon as possible, but no later than the second quarter of 2027. The following table summarizes the preliminary acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the exchange rate on the closing date (in thousands):
| Trade name | $ | ||||
| Developed technology | |||||
| Customer relationships | |||||
| Goodwill | |||||
| Other net liabilities | ( | ||||
| Net assets acquired | $ | ||||
The fair value measurements of the identified intangible assets were based primarily on significant unobservable inputs and thus represent a Level 3 measurement. The fair values of trade name and developed technology were determined using the relief-from-royalty method under the income approach. This involves forecasting avoided royalties, reducing them by taxes, and discounting the resulting net cash flows to a present value using an appropriate discount rate. The fair value of customer relationships was determined using the multi-period excess earnings method, which involves forecasting the net earnings expected to be generated by the asset, reducing them by appropriate returns on contributory assets, and then discounting the resulting net cash flows to a present value using an appropriate discount rate. Judgment was applied for a number of assumptions in valuing the identified intangible assets including revenue and cash flow forecasts, customer churn rate, technology life, royalty rate, and discount rate.
The excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The acquired goodwill of $790.3 million represents future economic benefits expected to arise from synergies from combining operations and commercial organizations, expansion of market presence, and the extension of existing customer and supply chain relationships as well as utilization of developed technology. The Company is currently planning to make a Section 338(g) election with respect to the acquisition of Eucalyptus. As a result, goodwill recognized in connection with the acquisition is expected to be deductible for U.S. income tax purposes, though it is not deductible at the statutory level. The amount of goodwill that will be deductible is not yet determinable as the Company is in the process of finalizing the tax purchase price allocation.
Certain payments to selling shareholders who are also continuing employees of Eucalyptus are accounted for as post-combination compensation expense as the payments are linked to continued service. These payments primarily relate to (i) the acceleration of unvested equity options held by continuing employee shareholders at closing, (ii) the service-based portion of cash payments to continuing employee shareholders, contingent on continued service through the original equity vesting schedules, and (iii) earn-out payments to continuing employee shareholders contingent on both continued service and the achievement of revenue and adjusted EBITDA performance targets. The Company recognized $6.0 million of compensation expense at closing which was recorded within general and administrative expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. The remaining compensation amounts, totaling up to $131.3 million as of the acquisition date, will be recognized over the respective service periods through the applicable vesting or earn-out payment dates, assuming payment is probable and reasonably estimable.
The Company incurred acquisition costs of $11.4
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From the acquisition date through September 30, 2026, revenue recognized related to Eucalyptus represented approximately 15 % and approximately 10 % of total consolidated revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, respectively. On a pro forma basis, giving effect to the acquisition as if it had been completed on January 1, 2025, revenue attributable to Eucalyptus would have represented approximately 15 10 % of the Company’s total consolidated revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Additionally, earnings attributable to Eucalyptus generated during the period after the acquisition date were not considered material. Historical and pro forma disclosures related to the earnings impact of the acquisition have not been presented, as they are not considered meaningful or relevant to the evaluation of the Company’s consolidated operations.
YourBio
In January 2026, the Company completed a merger pursuant to which YourBio Health, Inc. (“YourBio”), a U.S.-based company specializing in capillary whole blood sampling technology, became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The Company entered into the merger agreement to incorporate YourBio’s blood-sampling technology into its technology portfolio. The purchase price for accounting purposes was $153.0 million, including cash paid of $142.4 million and contingent consideration with an acquisition date fair value of $10.6 million, in the form of a potential cash earn-out based on operational metrics measured over a five-year period.
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method with the purchase price being allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective estimated fair values on the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):
| Developed intellectual property | $ | ||||
| Goodwill | |||||
| Other net liabilities | ( | ||||
| Net assets acquired | $ | ||||
The fair value measurements of the identified intangible assets were based primarily on significant unobservable inputs and thus represent a Level 3 measurement. The fair value of the developed intellectual property was determined using the multi-period excess earnings method which involves forecasting the net earnings expected to be generated by the asset, reducing them by appropriate returns on contributory assets, and then discounting the resulting net cash flows to a present value using an appropriate discount rate. Judgment was applied for a number of assumptions in valuing the developed intellectual property including revenue and cash flow forecasts, technology life, royalty rate, and discount rate.
The excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The acquired goodwill of $69.5 million represents future economic benefits expected to arise from synergies from combining operations resulting in cost savings from integrating the acquired blood-drawing technology and utilizing its devices within the Company’s lab offerings. The goodwill recognized upon acquisition is not expected to be deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.
The Company incurred acquisition costs of $1.8 million directly related to the acquisition which were recorded within general and administrative expense on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.
The acquisition did not have a material impact on the Company’s revenue or earnings generated during the period after the acquisition date, and historical and pro forma disclosures have therefore not been presented.
Medici Technologies, Inc.
In November 2025, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity of Medici Technologies, Inc., which is now Hims & Hers Canada Inc. (“Medici”), a digital health platform registered in Canada. Medici’s financial results also include a consolidated pharmacy as it is entitled to substantially all proceeds upon a liquidation or dissolution of the pharmacy entity. The acquisition established the Company’s presence in the Canadian market and furthers its goal of expanding its global operations and fulfillment capabilities. The purchase price for accounting purposes was CAD 39.1 million, or $27.8 million based on the exchange rate on the closing date, consisting of cash paid upfront of CAD 32.7 million and cash to be paid at a later date of
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CAD 6.4 million, or $23.2 million and $4.6 million, respectively, based on the exchange rate on the closing date. A maximum additional amount of cash consideration of CAD 40.0 million, or $28.4 million based on the exchange rate on the closing date, is payable to the Medici founders (“Sellers”) upon satisfying certain earn-out conditions, with measurements occurring for each of the 2026 and 2027 fiscal years. This earn-out payment is subject to a continued service condition, as defined in the business combination agreement, by the Sellers, and is therefore accounted for as post-transaction compensation expense when payout becomes probable and is reasonably estimable.
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method with the purchase price being allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective estimated fair values on the acquisition date. The following table summarizes the acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the exchange rate on the closing date (in thousands):
| Customer relationships | $ | ||||
| Developed technology | |||||
| Trade name | |||||
| Goodwill | |||||
| Other net liabilities | ( | ||||
| Net assets acquired | $ | ||||
The fair value measurements of the identified intangible assets were based primarily on significant unobservable inputs and thus represent a Level 3 measurement. The fair values of developed technology and trade name were determined using the relief-from-royalty method under the income approach. This involves forecasting avoided royalties, reducing them by taxes, and discounting the resulting net cash flows to a present value using an appropriate discount rate. The fair values of the customer relationships were determined using the multi-period excess earnings method which involves forecasting the net earnings expected to be generated by the asset, reducing them by appropriate returns on contributory assets, and then discounting the resulting net cash flows to a present value using an appropriate discount rate. Judgment was applied for a number of assumptions in valuing the identified intangible assets including revenue and cash flow forecasts, customer churn rate, technology life, royalty rate, and discount rate.
The excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The acquired goodwill of $18.4 million represents future economic benefits expected to arise from synergies from combining operations and commercial organizations, expansion of market presence, and the extension of existing customer relationships as well as utilization of developed technology. The goodwill recognized upon acquisition is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
The Company incurred acquisition costs of $1.8 million directly related to the acquisition, which were recorded within general and administrative expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.
Zava Global GmbH
In July 2025, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity of Zava Global GmbH (which is now H&H Germany GmbH) and its subsidiaries (“Zava”), a digital health platform registered in Germany with operations in the United Kingdom and the European Union, to further expand its operations in the United Kingdom and to launch in the European Union. The purchase price for accounting purposes was EUR 219.2 million, or $258.0 million, based on the exchange rate on the closing date, including cash paid upfront of EUR 142.2 million and contingent consideration with an acquisition date fair value of EUR 77.0 million, or $167.3 million and $90.7 million, respectively, based on the exchange rate on the closing date. The contingent consideration primarily relates to a potential aggregate earn-out payment in cash of up to EUR 100.0 million, or $117.7 million based on the exchange rate on the closing date, upon achievement of revenue and adjusted EBITDA targets with measurements occurring for each of the 2025, 2026, and 2027 fiscal years, which is recognized as contingent consideration, and which may be paid earlier or later in accordance with certain provisions set forth in the share purchase agreement.
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under the acquisition method with the purchase price being allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective estimated fair values on the acquisition date. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recorded measurement period adjustments which did not have a material impact on goodwill. The following table summarizes the acquisition date fair values
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of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, inclusive of measurement period adjustments, based on the exchange rate on the closing date (in thousands):
| Platform partnerships | $ | ||||
| Developed technology | |||||
| Customer relationships | |||||
| Trade name | |||||
| Goodwill | |||||
| Other net liabilities | ( | ||||
| Net assets acquired | $ | ||||
The fair value measurements of the identified intangible assets were based primarily on significant unobservable inputs and thus represent a Level 3 measurement. The fair values of platform partnerships and customer relationships were determined using the multi-period excess earnings method which involves forecasting the net earnings expected to be generated by the asset, reducing them by appropriate returns on contributory assets, and then discounting the resulting net cash flows to a present value using an appropriate discount rate. The fair values of developed technology and trade name were determined using the relief-from-royalty method under the income approach. This involves forecasting avoided royalties, reducing them by taxes, and discounting the resulting net cash flows to a present value using an appropriate discount rate. Judgment was applied for a number of assumptions in valuing the identified intangible assets including revenue and cash flow forecasts, customer churn rate, technology life, royalty rate, and discount rate.
The excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The acquired goodwill of $140.9 million represents future economic benefits expected to arise from synergies from combining operations and commercial organizations, expansion of market presence, and the extension of existing customer and partner relationships as well as utilization of developed technology. The goodwill recognized upon acquisition is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.
The Company incurred acquisition costs of $8.0 million directly related to the acquisition, which were recorded within general and administrative expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.
C S Bio Co.
In February 2025, the Company acquired via an asset purchase agreement certain manufacturing assets from C S Bio Co. (the “Seller”), a company located in the United States. The Company entered into the asset purchase agreement in order to strengthen its supply chain capabilities. The total cash and Class A common stock consideration payable and issuable in connection with the closing of the transaction is up to $39.1 million, consisting of: (i) upfront cash and Class A common stock consideration of $32.7 million; and (ii) additional maximum of $6.4 million in Class A common stock consideration payable on the one year anniversary of closing in accordance with the terms of the asset purchase agreement. A maximum additional amount of $32.7 million in cash and/or Class A common stock consideration is payable to the Seller upon satisfying certain earn-out conditions. This earn-out payment is subject to a continued service condition, as defined in the asset purchase agreement, by the Seller’s chief executive officer, and is therefore accounted for as post-transaction compensation expense when payout becomes probable and is reasonably estimable. Additionally, as part of the transaction, the Company entered into a transition services agreement with the Seller under which the Company will receive certain services and technical support during the period of transition.
The acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition because it does not meet the definition of a business because there were no outputs and no employees joined the Company as part of the acquisition. When determining the fair value of tangible assets acquired, the Company estimated replacement cost, taking into consideration such factors as age, condition, and the economic useful life of the assets. No intangible assets or assumed liabilities were identified. As such, the total purchase price of $41.2 million was primarily comprised of total cash and Class A common stock consideration as described above, as well as capitalized direct acquisition costs of $2.1 million, and was allocated on a relative fair value basis to the various tangible assets
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acquired. The tangible assets acquired are included as part of property, equipment, and software, net as presented on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Sigmund NJ, LLC, marketed as Trybe Labs
In February 2025, the Company acquired via a purchase agreement all of the membership interests of Sigmund NJ, LLC, marketed as Trybe Labs (“Trybe Labs”), a laboratory testing services business located in the United States, for total cash consideration of $5.1 million. There were no material acquired assets and assumed liabilities and the excess of the consideration paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired of $5.0 million was recorded as goodwill. The acquired goodwill represents future economic benefits expected to arise from having the capacity to add laboratory testing capabilities to the Hims & Hers platform in the future.
4. Investments
Available-for-sale investments as of September 30, 2026, consist of the following (in thousands):
| Adjusted Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Government and government agency | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total short-term available-for-sale investments | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2026, the Company also had investments in short-term equity securities with an adjusted cost of $3.5 million, unrealized gains of $3.5 million, and a fair value of $7.0 million, all of which are recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company recorded a realized gain on the sale of an investment in short-term equity securities of $17.1 11.2 no unrealized gains or losses, all of which are recorded within other long-term assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Available-for-sale investments as of December 31, 2025, consist of the following (in thousands):
| Adjusted Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Government and government agency | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury bills | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total short-term available-for-sale investments | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted Cost | Unrealized Gains | Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Government and government agency | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total long-term available-for-sale investments | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2025, the Company also had investments in equity securities with an adjusted cost of $20.0 million, unrealized gains of $4.4 million, and a fair value of $24.4 million, all of which are recorded within other long-term assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
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5. Inventory
Inventory consists of the following (in thousands):
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Finished goods | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Raw materials | |||||||||||
| Total inventory | $ | $ | |||||||||
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, inventory classified as work-in-process was not material.
6. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Vendor deposits | |||||||||||
| Other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
7. Property, Equipment, and Software, Net
Property, equipment, and software, net consist of the following (in thousands):
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
Facility equipment and other tangible property | $ | $ | |||||||||
Purchased and internal-use software and website development | |||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | |||||||||||
Assets not placed in service | |||||||||||
| Total property, equipment, and software | |||||||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total property, equipment, and software, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense for property, equipment, and software was $10.9 million and $8.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $31.1 million and $22.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
There were no impairment charges for property, equipment, and software for the three months ended September 30, 2026. Impairment expense for property, equipment, and software was $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026. Impairment charges for property, equipment, and software were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
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8. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
Goodwill
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill for the period presented are as follows (in thousands):
| Carrying Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Addition from acquisitions and related adjustments(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of September 30, 2026 | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
______________
(1)Includes the goodwill acquired in connection with the YourBio merger and Eucalyptus acquisition, as well as measurement period adjustments related to the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Zava business combination. These adjustments did not have a material impact on goodwill. See Note 3 – Acquisitions for further details.
Intangible assets, net
Intangible assets, net as of September 30, 2026 consist of the following (in thousands):
| Gross Amount | Accumulated Amortization and Impairment | Net Carrying Value | Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (Years) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade names | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Platform partnerships | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developed intellectual property | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developed technology | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 503B pharmacy license | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Intangible assets, net as of December 31, 2025 consist of the following (in thousands):
| Gross Amount | Accumulated Amortization and Impairment | Net Carrying Value | Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (Years) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Platform partnerships | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trade names | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 503B pharmacy license | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developed technology | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer relationships | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization expense for intangible assets was $27.3 million and $9.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $58.5 million and $14.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
There were no
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Amortization that will be charged to expense over the remaining life of the intangible assets subsequent to September 30, 2026 is as follows (in thousands):
| The remainder of 2026 | $ | |||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||
| 2029 | ||||||||
| 2030 | ||||||||
| 2031 and thereafter | ||||||||
| $ | ||||||||
9. Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):
| September 30, 2026 | December 31, 2025 | ||||||||||
| Legal contingencies | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Product and shipping | |||||||||||
| Payroll | |||||||||||
Tax(1) | |||||||||||
| Marketing | |||||||||||
| Professional services | |||||||||||
| Other accruals | |||||||||||
| Total accrued liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
____________
(1)Includes income taxes, sales taxes, and value-added taxes.
10. Operating Leases
The Company has various operating leases for fulfillment, pharmacy, and corporate facilities with lease periods expiring between fiscal years 2027 and 2041, including renewal options the Company is reasonably certain to exercise. The operating lease agreements provide for rental payments on a graduated basis and for options to renew, which could increase future minimum lease payments if exercised. The Company utilizes the reasonably certain threshold criteria in determining which options it will exercise.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company executed or acquired new operating leases, resulting in aggregate additional operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets of $28.7 million, including initial direct costs, along with a corresponding increase of $28.2 million to operating lease liabilities. These amounts are based on the exchange rates on the lease commencement dates, as applicable. Additionally, there were remeasurements of existing operating lease liabilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 which resulted in an aggregate adjustment of $19.6 million to the carrying amount of the corresponding ROU assets.
For the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded operating lease costs of $6.7 million and $3.6 million, respectively, including variable operating lease costs of $0.7 million and $0.3 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company recorded operating lease costs of $17.4 million and $8.5 million, respectively, including variable operating lease costs of $1.6 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, operating cash flows used for operating leases were $9.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2026, the weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate, including for renewal options the Company is reasonably certain to exercise, was 12.4 years and 6.0 %, respectively.
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Future minimum lease payments under the Company's non-cancelable operating leases with an initial lease term in excess of one year subsequent to September 30, 2026 are as follows (in thousands):
| The remainder of 2026 | $ | |||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||
| 2029 | ||||||||
| 2030 | ||||||||
| 2031 and thereafter | ||||||||
| Gross lease payments | ||||||||
| Less: imputed interest | ( | |||||||
| Present value of net future minimum lease payments | $ | |||||||
11. Variable Interest Entities
As of September 30, 2026, the variable interest entities (“VIEs”) are the Affiliated Medical Groups, which are located in the United States. The Company determined that it is the primary beneficiary of these entities for accounting purposes because it has the ability to direct the activities that most significantly affect the entities’ economic performance and has the obligation to absorb the losses. Under the VIE model, the Company presents the results of operations, cash flows, and the financial position of the VIEs as part of the consolidated financial statements of the Company as if the consolidated group were a single economic entity. The assets of the VIEs can only be used to settle the obligations of the VIEs. There is no noncontrolling interest upon consolidation of the entities. The results of operations and cash flows of the VIEs are also included in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Apostrophe Pharmacy LLC and XeCare, LLC were VIEs through April 2025 and November 2025, respectively, when, as a result of changes of ownership, they became wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company and were no longer considered VIEs. Previously, the Company was the primary beneficiary of the entities and consolidated their operations under the VIE model. The change of ownership did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements because they were previously fully consolidated under the VIE model and had no noncontrolling interest.
As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets included current assets of $4.6 million and $6.9 million, respectively, and total assets of $4.7 million and $6.9 million, respectively, for the VIEs. As of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, current and total liabilities were $7.1 million and $6.0 million, respectively. All amounts are after elimination of intercompany transactions, balances, and non-cash impact of operating leases.
For the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, the VIEs charged $28.1 million and $95.4 million, respectively, for services rendered. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, the VIEs charged $83.4 million and $319.4 million, respectively, for services rendered. For the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, operations of the VIEs generated net losses of $2.2 million and $7.0 million, respectively, inclusive of administrative expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, operations of the VIEs generated net losses of $3.5 million and $20.5 million, respectively, inclusive of administrative expenses.
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12. Fair Value Measurements
The Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2026, is as follows (in thousands):
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term available-for-sale investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government and government agency | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other long-term assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earn-out consideration, current | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Earn-out consideration, long-term | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
The Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2025, is as follows (in thousands):
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Money market funds | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term available-for-sale investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Treasury bills | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government and government agency | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term indemnification assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term available-for-sale investments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Government and government agency | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate bonds | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other long-term assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity securities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term indemnification assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earn-out consideration, long-term | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term indemnification liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other contingent consideration | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
The fair values of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximated their carrying values as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, due to their short-term nature. The current and noncurrent deferred acquisition payable amounts, a significant majority of which is related to the Eucalyptus business combination, are a fixed monetary
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amount and are therefore not remeasured and are excluded from the table above. As of September 30, 2026, in connection with an amendment to the Zava share purchase agreement during the first quarter of 2026, all contingencies related to the Zava earn-out consideration for fiscal years 2026 and 2027 have been resolved and the final earn-out payment amounts have been determined, with settlement dates in fiscal years 2027 and 2028. As a result, the fair value of the current and noncurrent earn-out consideration related to the Zava business combination approximated their carrying value as of September 30, 2026 due to the payment amounts being fixed, and they are therefore excluded from the table above. The Convertible Notes are recorded at their net carrying amount on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets rather than their fair value, which is a Level 2 measurement, as the Company has not elected the fair value option (refer to Note 13 – Debt for additional detail, including the fair value as of September 30, 2026). All other financial instruments, with the exception of the earn-out consideration discussed below, are valued either based on recent trades of securities in active markets or based on quoted market prices of similar instruments and other significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company had no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy of its assets measured at fair value.
As of September 30, 2026, in addition to the earn-out consideration discussed above, the Company had earn-out consideration related to the Medici, YourBio, and Eucalyptus business combinations. The fair values of the earn-out consideration related to the Medici business combination, some of which is current and some of which is noncurrent, approximated their carrying values as of September 30, 2026, due to all of the earn-out consideration being paid in cash and the timing of their payout being subject to estimation and, therefore, are excluded from the table above.
The noncurrent earn-out consideration related to the YourBio business combination is classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement containing significant unobservable inputs including estimates of future sales of certain devices and, therefore, is included in the table above. The fair value of the earn-out consideration is remeasured at each reporting period.
A portion of the current and noncurrent earn-out consideration related to the Eucalyptus business combination is considered post-acquisition employee expense as it is subject to a continued service condition and is not contingent consideration. As a result, this portion approximated its carrying value as of September 30, 2026, and is therefore excluded from the table above. The other portion of the current and noncurrent earn-out consideration related to the Eucalyptus business combination, which is not subject to continued service conditions, is classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement containing significant unobservable inputs including estimates of achieving certain revenue and adjusted EBITDA targets and, therefore, is included in the table above. At inception, the fair value of the earn-out consideration associated with the Eucalyptus business combination was determined based on revenue and adjusted EBITDA projections and the probability of achieving the respective revenue and adjusted EBITDA targets as evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The following assumptions were used to determine the fair value at inception:
| Risk-free rate | % | ||||
| Revenue volatility | % | ||||
| Internal rate of return | % | ||||
| Equity risk premium | % | ||||
| Market price of risk for revenue | % | ||||
23
As of December 31, 2025, the earn-out consideration related to the Zava business combination, all of which was noncurrent, was classified as a Level 3 fair value measurement containing significant unobservable inputs including estimates of achieving certain revenue and adjusted EBITDA targets and, therefore, is included in the table above. At inception, the fair value of the earn-out consideration associated with the Zava business combination was determined based on revenue and adjusted EBITDA projections and the probability of achieving the respective revenue and adjusted EBITDA targets as evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation.
The fair values of the earn-out consideration related to the Zava, YourBio, and Eucalyptus business combinations, as applicable, are remeasured at each reporting period. The change in fair value is recognized within change in fair value of liabilities on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. The change in the fair value of the earn-out consideration related to the Zava, YourBio, and Eucalyptus business combinations is as follows (in thousands):
| Balance at December 31, 2025 | $ | ||||
| YourBio business combination | |||||
| Eucalyptus business combination | |||||
Change in fair value(1) | |||||
| Resolved contingencies, current | ( | ||||
| Resolved contingencies, long-term | ( | ||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | ( | ||||
| Balance at September 30, 2026 | $ | ||||
______________
(1)Primarily driven by the impact of the amendment to the Zava share purchase agreement.
13. Debt
2030 Convertible Notes
In May 2025, the Company issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 0 % convertible senior notes due 2030 (the “2030 Convertible Notes”). The 2030 Convertible Notes mature on May 15, 2030, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted, do not bear regular interest, and their principal amount will not accrete.
The total net proceeds from the issuance of the 2030 Convertible Notes, after deducting initial purchasers’ discounts and debt issuance costs, were $968.7 million.
Each $1,000 principal amount of the 2030 Convertible Notes is initially convertible into 14.1493 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, which represents an initial conversion price of $70.67 per share of the Company’s Class A common stock and is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events specified in the terms of the notes. As of September 30, 2026, there have been no adjustments to the conversion rate of the 2030 Convertible Notes.
The 2030 Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holders prior to November 15, 2029 only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2025, if the closing price per share of the Company’s Class A common stock exceeds 130 % of the conversion price for at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any 10 consecutive trading day period (such 10 consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) if the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 2030 Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98 % of the product of the closing price per share of the Company’s Class A common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) if the Company calls any or all of the 2030 Convertible Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after November 15, 2029 and until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2030 Convertible Notes, at the option
24
of the holder. As of September 30, 2026, the conditions allowing holders of the 2030 Convertible Notes to convert were not met.
Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, at the Company’s election. If certain corporate events occur that constitute a “fundamental change” (as defined in the indenture governing the 2030 Convertible Notes), subject to a limited exception for certain cash mergers, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2030 Convertible Notes, at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the 2030 Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid special and additional interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
In addition, following certain corporate events or if the Company issues a notice of redemption, it will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for holders who elect to convert their 2030 Convertible Notes in connection with such corporate event or during the relevant redemption period.
The Company may not redeem the 2030 Convertible Notes prior to May 19, 2028. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2030 Convertible Notes, at its option, on or after May 19, 2028 and on or before the 25 th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, but only if certain liquidity conditions are satisfied and the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock has been at least 130 % of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption. The redemption price will be a cash amount equal to the principal amount of the 2030 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid special and additional interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. However, the Company may not redeem less than all of the outstanding 2030 Convertible Notes unless at least $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2030 Convertible Notes are outstanding and not called for redemption at the time the redemption notice is sent. No sinking fund is provided for the 2030 Convertible Notes.
Any additional interest that accrues on the 2030 Convertible Notes will accrue at a rate per annum of 0.50 % of the principal amount if, on or after six months following the issue date, (i) the Company has not satisfied certain reporting conditions set forth in Rule 144(c) and (i)(2) under the Securities Act, or (ii) the 2030 Convertible Notes are not otherwise freely tradable.
If there is an event of default relating to failures by the Company to comply with certain reporting requirements, the Company may elect, at its option, that the sole remedy consist exclusively of the right of the noteholders to receive special interest on the 2030 Convertible Notes for up to 365 days at a specified rate per annum of 0.25 % of the principal amount for the first 180 days on which the special interest accrues, and thereafter at a rate of 0.50 %. However, in no event will special interest, together with any additional interest, accrue at a rate that exceeds 1.00 % per annum.
The 2030 Convertible Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and are (i) equal in right of payment with the Company’s existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the 2030 Convertible Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent the Company is not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries.
There are no requirements for any financial covenant compliance or reporting in connection with the 2030 Convertible Notes.
The net carrying amount of the 2030 Convertible Notes as of September 30, 2026 was as follows (in thousands):
| Principal | $ | ||||
| Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | ( | ||||
| Net carrying amount | $ | ||||
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs related to the 2030 Convertible Notes was $1.5 million and $4.6 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs related to the 2030 Convertible Notes was $1.6 million and $2.4 million,
25
respectively. The debt discount and issuance costs are being amortized into interest expense within total other income, net on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income over the term of the 2030 Convertible Notes at an effective interest rate of 0.64 %. There were no
As of September 30, 2026, the 2030 Convertible Notes had a principal amount and estimated fair value of $1.0 billion and $858.8 million, respectively. The fair value of the 2030 Convertible Notes, which are Level 2 financial instruments, was determined based on the quoted bid prices of the notes in an over-the-counter market on the last trading day of the reporting period.
2030 Capped Calls
In connection with the issuance of the 2030 Convertible Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (collectively the “2030 Capped Calls”) with certain financial institutions. The 2030 Capped Calls have an initial strike price of $70.67 , subject to certain adjustments specified in their terms, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2030 Convertible Notes. The 2030 Capped Calls have an initial cap price of $89.95 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The 2030 Capped Calls are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s Class A common stock upon conversion and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 2030 Convertible Notes, with such reduction and/or offsets subject to a cap based on the cap price. The 2030 Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the 2030 Convertible Notes, the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock that initially underlie the 2030 Convertible Notes. The 2030 Capped Calls are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the Company, including certain mergers, tender offers, and public announcement of similar events. In addition, the 2030 Capped Calls are subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of the 2030 Capped Calls, including nationalization, insolvency or delisting, changes in law, failures to deliver, and hedging disruptions.
For accounting purposes, the 2030 Capped Calls are treated as a separate transaction from, and not part of the terms of, the 2030 Convertible Notes. As these transactions met certain accounting criteria to be classified as equity, they are not accounted for as derivatives and will not be remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification. Accordingly, the Company recorded $35.6 million as a reduction to additional paid-in capital, which represents the $47.8 million premium paid for the 2030 Capped Calls, net of the deferred tax impact of $12.2 million.
2032 Convertible Notes
In May 2026, the Company issued $402.5 million aggregate principal amount of 0 % convertible senior notes due 2032 (the “2032 Convertible Notes”). The 2032 Convertible Notes mature on June 1, 2032, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed, or converted, do not bear regular interest, and their principal amount will not accrete.
The total net proceeds from the issuance of the 2032 Convertible Notes, after deducting initial purchasers' discounts and debt issuance costs, were $389.5 million.
Each $1,000 principal amount of the 2032 Convertible Notes is initially convertible into 33.8590 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, which represents an initial conversion price of $29.53 per share of the Company’s Class A common stock and is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events specified in the terms of the notes. As of September 30, 2026, there have been no adjustments to the conversion rate of the 2032 Convertible Notes.
The 2032 Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holders prior to March 1, 2032 only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2026, if the closing price per share of the Company’s Class A common stock exceeds 130 % of the conversion price for at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any 10 consecutive trading day period (such 10 consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) if the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 2032 Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98 % of the product of the closing price per share of the Company’s Class A common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) if the Company calls any or all of the 2032 Convertible Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified
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corporate events. On or after March 1, 2032 and until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2032 Convertible Notes, at the option of the holder. As of September 30, 2026, the conditions allowing holders of the 2032 Convertible Notes to convert were not met.
Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, at the Company’s election. If certain corporate events occur that constitute a “fundamental change” (as defined in the indenture governing the 2032 Convertible Notes), subject to a limited exception for certain cash mergers, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2032 Convertible Notes, at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the 2032 Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid special and additional interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.
In addition, following certain corporate events or if the Company issues a notice of redemption, it will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for holders who elect to convert their 2032 Convertible Notes in connection with such corporate event or during the relevant redemption period.
The Company may not redeem the 2032 Convertible Notes prior to June 6, 2029. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2032 Convertible Notes, at its option, on or after June 6, 2029 and on or before the 25 th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, but only if certain liquidity conditions are satisfied and the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock has been at least 130 % of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption. The redemption price will be a cash amount equal to the principal amount of the 2032 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid special and additional interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date. However, the Company may not redeem less than all of the outstanding 2032 Convertible Notes unless at least $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2032 Convertible Notes are outstanding and not called for redemption at the time the redemption notice is sent. No sinking fund is provided for the 2032 Convertible Notes.
Any additional interest that accrues on the 2032 Convertible Notes will accrue at a rate per annum of 0.50 % of the principal amount if, on or after six months following the issue date, (i) the Company has not satisfied certain reporting conditions set forth in Rule 144(c) and (i)(2) under the Securities Act, or (ii) the 2032 Convertible Notes are not otherwise freely tradable.
If there is an event of default relating to failures by the Company to comply with certain reporting requirements, the Company may elect, at its option, that the sole remedy consist exclusively of the right of the noteholders to receive special interest on the 2032 Convertible Notes for up to 365 days at a specified rate per annum of 0.25 % of the principal amount for the first 180 days on which the special interest accrues, and thereafter at a rate of 0.50 %. However, in no event will special interest, together with any additional interest, accrue at a rate that exceeds 1.00 % per annum.
The 2032 Convertible Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and are (i) equal in right of payment with the Company’s existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the 2032 Convertible Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent the Company is not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries.
There are no requirements for any financial covenant compliance or reporting in connection with the 2032 Convertible Notes.
The net carrying amount of the 2032 Convertible Notes as of September 30, 2026 was as follows (in thousands):
| Principal | $ | ||||
| Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs | ( | ||||
| Net carrying amount | $ | ||||
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs related to the 2032 Convertible Notes was $0.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively. The debt discount and issuance costs are being amortized
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into interest expense within total other income, net on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income over the term of the 2032 Convertible Notes at an effective interest rate of 0.55 %. There were no
As of September 30, 2026, the 2032 Convertible Notes had a principal amount and estimated fair value of $402.5 million and $503.8 million, respectively. The fair value of the 2032 Convertible Notes, which are Level 2 financial instruments, was determined based on the quoted bid prices of the notes in an over-the-counter market on the last trading day of the reporting period.
2032 Capped Calls
In connection with the issuance of the 2032 Convertible Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (collectively the "2032 Capped Calls") with certain financial institutions. The 2032 Capped Calls have an initial strike price of $29.53 , subject to certain adjustments specified in their terms, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2032 Convertible Notes. The 2032 Capped Calls have an initial cap price of $50.15 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The 2032 Capped Calls are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s Class A common stock upon conversion and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 2032 Convertible Notes, with such reduction and/or offsets subject to a cap based on the cap price. The 2032 Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the 2032 Convertible Notes, the aggregate number of shares of the Company’s Class A common stock that initially underlie the 2032 Convertible Notes. The 2032 Capped Calls are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the Company, including certain mergers, tender offers, and public announcement of similar events. In addition, the 2032 Capped Calls are subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of the 2032 Capped Calls, including nationalization, insolvency or delisting, changes in law, failures to deliver, and hedging disruptions.
For accounting purposes, the 2032 Capped Calls are treated as a separate transaction from, and not part of the terms of, the 2032 Convertible Notes. As these transactions met certain accounting criteria to be classified as equity, they are not accounted for as derivatives and will not be remeasured as long as they continue to meet the conditions for equity classification. Accordingly, the Company recorded $27.3 million as a reduction to additional paid-in capital, which represents the $36.7 million premium paid for the 2032 Capped Calls, net of the deferred tax impact of $9.4 million.
Revolving Credit Facility
In February 2025, the Company entered into a Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement (the “Revolving Credit Agreement”) with certain lenders and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as the administrative and collateral agent, which provides for a three-year $175.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”). The Credit Facility additionally includes letter of credit and swing line loan sub-limits of $40.0 million and $20.0 million, respectively, and an accordion option, which, if exercised, would allow the Company to increase the aggregate commitment amount by up to $125.0 million, plus additional amounts if the Company is able to satisfy a leverage test and certain other conditions. The obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by a lien on substantially all of the Company’s assets, and are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s material domestic subsidiaries. The commitments under the Credit Facility expire on February 18, 2028.
Loans under the Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company’s election, at either (a) an adjusted term Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 0.10 % plus a margin of 1.50 % - 2.00 %, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio, or (b) an alternative base rate plus a margin of 0.50 % - 1.00 %, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio. Loans under the Credit Facility may also be made in Canadian Dollars, Euros, and Sterling, at comparable interest rates. The Company is required to pay a fee on the average daily undrawn portion of the aggregate commitments that accrues at 0.20 % - 0.30 % per annum, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio.
The Credit Facility also allows the Company to issue letters of credit, which reduce the amount that can be borrowed. The Company is required to pay a commission on any outstanding letters of credit that accrues at 1.50 % - 2.00 % per annum, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio, and a fronting fee that accrues at 0.125 % per annum.
The Credit Facility contains customary conditions to borrowing, events of default and covenants, including but not limited to negative covenants that restrict the Company’s ability to incur indebtedness, grant liens, make distributions, pay dividends, repurchase shares, make investments and engage in transactions with the Company’s affiliates, in each case subject to certain
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exceptions. The Credit Facility also requires the Company to maintain a total leverage ratio of no greater than 3.50 to 1.00 and an interest coverage ratio of no less than 3.00 to 1.00.
As of September 30, 2026, the Company had $14.0 million in letters of credit outstanding under the Credit Facility sub-limit and $161.0 million remained available under the Credit Facility. The letters of credit are issued as security deposits for certain of the Company’s facilities. These security deposits are required to be maintained and issued to the respective landlord or service provider. The Company draws on the Credit Facility from time to time and, as of September 30, 2026, no loans were outstanding under the Credit Facility and the Company was in compliance with all conditions and covenants thereunder.
In May 2026, the Company entered into an amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement which modifies the definition of the numerator used in the calculation of total leverage ratio in the Revolving Credit Agreement by expanding the definition of “cash equivalents” to include investments made in accordance with the investment policy adopted by the Company’s Board of Directors. The total leverage ratio that the Company is required to maintain did not change.
In May 2026, the Company entered into an additional amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement which, among other things, establishes joinder obligations for the Company's material foreign subsidiaries and increases downstream investment capacity in non-loan party subsidiaries.
In June 2026, the Company entered into an amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement which, among other things, amends certain provisions of the Revolving Credit Agreement to permit the Company and its subsidiaries to enter into the RPA (see Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional details).
In August 2026, the Company entered into an amendment to the Revolving Credit Agreement which, among other things, provides for the exclusion of certain subsidiaries from guarantee requirements under the Credit Facility, subject to specified conditions.
14. Commitments and Contingencies
Purchase Obligations
The Company has non-cancelable contractual obligations with remaining terms in excess of one year to make future purchases, primarily related to cloud-based software contracts used in operations and minimum commitments for inventory purchases. As of September 30, 2026, non-cancelable purchase obligations with remaining terms in excess of one year were $62.1 million, with $5.2 million payable in 2026, $20.3 million payable in 2027, $19.8 million payable in 2028, $11.4 million payable in 2029, and $5.4 million payable in 2030.
Lease Commitments
Refer to Note 10 – Operating Leases for discussion of the Company’s future lease commitments.
Indemnifications
The Company has certain stand-ready obligations to provide indemnifications in the normal course of business under various contractual arrangements, which are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. As of September 30, 2026, the maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these arrangements was approximately $50 million, and the fair value of these obligations was considered immaterial to the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Historically, there have been no such indemnification claims.
Legal Proceedings
In addition to the legal matters described below, the Company is, from time to time, a party to litigation, various claims, and other legal and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these claims, lawsuits, and other proceedings may involve highly complex issues that are subject to substantial uncertainties, and could result in damages, fines, penalties, non-monetary sanctions, or relief. Other than the matters set forth below, management is not currently aware of any matters that the Company believes would reasonably be likely to have a material adverse impact on its business, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
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In October 2023, the Federal Trade Commission (the “FTC”) issued to the Company a Civil Investigative Demand (the “CID”) requesting information regarding the Company's privacy, advertising, subscription, and cancellation practices as part of a non-public investigation related to the Federal Trade Commission Act (“FTC Act”) and the Restore Online Shoppers’ Confidence Act (“ROSCA”). The Company responded cooperatively to the CID and related follow-up requests from the FTC while seeking to engage constructively with the FTC to resolve this matter. The Company engaged in good faith settlement negotiations with the FTC, but these negotiations were unsuccessful. On July 29, 2026, the FTC, along with the Utah Division of Consumer Protection and Los Angeles County on behalf of the People of the State of California, filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against the Company alleging violations of Section 5 of the FTC Act and certain provisions of ROSCA and analogous state statutes seeking a permanent injunction, monetary relief for an unspecified amount, civil penalties, and other relief as determined by the court. On October 22, 2026, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, which is currently set for hearing on January 14, 2027.
The Company believes it has meritorious arguments and intends to vigorously defend against the alleged claims. However, the outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain. As of September 30, 2026, the Company had recorded a legal contingency accrual of approximately $60 million for this matter in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies. The amount of the accrual may decrease or increase materially in future periods as the litigation progresses and additional information becomes available. In view of the uncertainties and complexities associated with this matter, the Company is unable to reasonably predict the outcome of this litigation or to estimate a reasonably possible financial loss or range of financial loss in excess of the amount accrued. There can be no assurance that the Company will prevail in the litigation or otherwise achieve a favorable outcome. The defense or resolution of this matter could involve significant monetary costs or penalties and could materially adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or business. In addition, any non-monetary remedies or compliance obligations imposed in connection with the resolution of this matter could adversely affect the Company’s business operations.
Following the filing of the FTC action, a putative class action was filed against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (Doe v. Hims & Hers Health, Inc.), asserting claims arising from substantially the same underlying facts alleged in the FTC action, including claims under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the California Invasion of Privacy Act, the California Confidentiality of Medical Information Act, and other state statutory and common law theories on behalf of a putative nationwide class and California subclass. The complaint seeks statutory and compensatory damages, punitive damages, and injunctive relief. The Company believes it has meritorious arguments and intends to defend vigorously against the alleged claims. At this time, the Company is unable to reasonably predict the outcome of this litigation or to estimate a reasonably possible financial loss or range of financial loss.
On September 1, 2026, a putative securities class action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against the Company and certain of its executives, captioned Velanki v. Hims & Hers Health, Inc., et al., No. 3:26-cv-09313 (the “Velanki Action”). The complaint is brought on behalf of a proposed class of purchasers of the Company’s securities between August 4, 2025 and July 29, 2026, and alleges violations of securities laws in connection with alleged misrepresentations and omissions in the Company’s periodic reports regarding its privacy and billing practices, as alleged in the FTC action. The Velanki Action seeks an unspecified amount of damages as well as attorneys’ fees and other relief. The Company does not currently consider a loss on this lawsuit to be probable.
Prior to the Company’s acquisition of Eucalyptus, the Therapeutic Goods Administration (the “TGA”) issued compulsory notices to certain subsidiaries of Eucalyptus between September 2023 and August 2025. The notices required such subsidiaries to produce information and documents in connection with the TGA’s investigation into the subsidiaries’ alleged non-compliance in 2023 and 2024 with certain Australian advertising laws governing the online advertising of prescription medicines. Eucalyptus has cooperated with the TGA since the investigation commenced and continues to do so. At this time, the Company is unable to reasonably predict the outcome of this matter or to estimate a reasonably possible financial loss or range of financial loss. Pursuant to the definitive agreements for the acquisition of Eucalyptus, and subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, the Company is entitled to indemnification from certain warrantors for losses arising from this matter. Accordingly, the Company does not currently expect this matter to have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, or financial condition.
On June 25, 2025, two putative securities class action lawsuits were filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against the Company and certain of its executives, and were later consolidated by the court as In re Hims & Hers Health, Inc. Securities Litigation, No. 25-cv-05315 (the “Securities Action”). The amended consolidated complaint was filed on January 29, 2026 on behalf of a proposed class of purchasers of the Company’s Class A common stock and a proposed class of purchasers of derivative securities referencing the Company’s Class A common stock between April 29, 2025 and June
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22, 2025, and alleges violations of securities laws in connection with alleged misrepresentations regarding the Company’s business, operations, and prospects, and in particular, with respect to the business relationship between the Company and Novo Nordisk. The Securities Action seeks an unspecified amount of damages as well as attorneys’ fees and other relief. The Company does not currently consider a loss on this lawsuit to be probable.
Putative shareholder derivative lawsuits (the “Derivative Actions”) were filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against certain of the Company’s directors and executives. The Derivative Actions are captioned Jones v. Dudum, et al., No. 25-cv-5866 (N.D. Cal.) (filed July 14, 2025), Herman v. Dudum, et al., No. 25-cv-6326 (N.D. Cal.) (filed July 29, 2025), and Popper v. Dudum, et al., No. 25-cv-7337 (N.D. Cal.) (filed August 29, 2025). The Company is a nominal defendant. The Derivative Actions relate to the matters alleged in the Securities Action, and allege breaches of fiduciary duty by the individual defendants, among other claims. Proceedings in the Derivative Actions are currently stayed. The Derivative Actions seek an unspecified amount of damages from the individual defendants as well as attorneys’ fees and other relief. The Company does not currently consider a loss on these lawsuits to be probable.
On February 9, 2026, Novo Nordisk A/S and Novo Nordisk Inc. (together, “Novo Nordisk”) filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware captioned Novo Nordisk A/S, et al. v. Hims & Hers Health, Inc., et al., No. 1:26-cv-0014. The complaint asserts claims for patent infringement related to Novo Nordisk’s U.S. Patent No. 8,129,343 (the “‘343” patent) in connection with compounded GLP-1 products containing semaglutide available, based on a prescription, through the Company’s digital platform. Novo Nordisk seeks a declaration that the Company has infringed the ‘343 patent, and an award of monetary damages, including enhanced damages related to the Company’s alleged willful infringement. Novo Nordisk also included in the complaint a request for permanent injunction, to bar the Company from continuing its activities related to products containing semaglutide until after the ‘343 patent expires on December 5, 2031. On March 9, 2026, Novo Nordisk voluntarily dismissed all claims without prejudice and the Court closed the case, while reserving the right to refile in the future.
15. Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
The Company has two classes of common stock, Class A and Class V common stock. The rights are identical, including liquidation and dividend rights, except Class V common stock has additional voting rights.
Share Repurchase Programs
In July 2024, the Board of Directors authorized and approved a share repurchase program (the “2024 Share Repurchase Program”) pursuant to which the Company was authorized to repurchase up to $100.0 million of the Company’s Class A common stock. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased and retired 192,258 9.5 100.0 million originally available under the 2024 Share Repurchase Program had been utilized.
In November 2025, the Board of Directors authorized and approved a new share repurchase program (the “2025 Share Repurchase Program”) pursuant to which the Company may repurchase up to $250.0 million of the Company’s Class A common stock. The 2025 Share Repurchase Program expires on November 11, 2028. The Company intends to use the 2025 Share Repurchase Program to repurchase shares on a discretionary basis from time to time, subject to general business and market conditions and other investment opportunities, through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other means. The 2025 Share Repurchase Program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company did not 225.0 million remains available under the 2025 Share Repurchase Program.
RSU Releases
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the Company released 1,719,975 and 7,446,607 gross shares of Class A common stock upon vesting of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), including Performance RSUs (“PRSUs”). In connection with the releases, 670,164 and 3,016,723 shares of Class A common stock were withheld for the payment of employee taxes. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company released 1,632,355 and 5,416,067 gross shares of
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Class A common stock upon vesting of RSUs. In connection with the releases, 600,783 and 2,021,289 shares of Class A common stock were withheld for the payment of employee taxes.
2017 Stock Plan and 2020 Equity Incentive Plan
In July 2017, Hims, Inc. (“Hims”) adopted the 2017 Stock Plan (the “2017 Plan”). Under the 2017 Plan, the board of directors of Hims granted awards, including incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, RSU awards, and other stock awards to employees, directors, and consultants of Hims.
In January 2021, the Board of Directors adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) and reserved 21,000,000 authorized shares of Class A common stock the Company could issue. In addition, up to 19,000,000 shares of Hims Class A common stock subject to awards granted under the 2017 Plan that were forfeited, expired, or lapsed unexercised or unsettled could be added to the 2020 Plan reserve. Beginning on January 1, 2022 and ending on January 1, 2031, the number of authorized shares of Class A common stock under the 2020 Plan will automatically increase each fiscal year by 5 % of the total number of Class A and Class V common stock issued and outstanding on the last day of the preceding fiscal year unless the Board of Directors approves a lesser number. As of December 31, 2025, there were 65,403,042 and 23,376,897 shares of Class A common stock reserved and available for grant, respectively, under the 2020 Plan. For the nine months ended September 30, 2026, no shares of Class A common stock subject to awards granted under the 2017 Plan that were forfeited after the adoption of the 2020 Plan were added to the 2020 Plan reserve. On January 1, 2026, 11,362,276 shares of Class A common stock were automatically added to the 2020 Plan reserve. Therefore, as of September 30, 2026, there were 76,765,318 shares of Class A common stock reserved and 25,782,110 shares of Class A common stock available for grant under the 2020 Plan. There were no more shares available for grant under the 2017 Plan since the 2017 Plan was replaced by the 2020 Plan.
2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In January 2021, the Board of Directors adopted the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The total shares of Class A common stock initially reserved under the ESPP is limited to 4,000,000 shares of Class A common stock. Beginning on January 1, 2022 and ending on January 1, 2041 (unless extended by the Board of Directors and approved by the Company’s shareholders), the number of authorized shares of Class A common stock under the ESPP will automatically increase each fiscal year by the lesser of (i) 1 % of the total number of Class A and Class V common stock issued and outstanding on the last day of the preceding fiscal year, (ii) 12,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, or (iii) a number of shares of Class A common stock determined by the Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2025, there were 6,047,919 and 3,939,611 shares of Class A common stock reserved and available for issuance, respectively, under the ESPP. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, the Company issued 213,494 251,818 No shares were issued under the ESPP during the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025. There were no shares added to the ESPP reserve on January 1, 2026. Therefore, as of September 30, 2026, there were 6,047,919 shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the ESPP and 3,726,117 shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the ESPP.
Under the ESPP, eligible employees may purchase the Company’s Class A common stock during pre-specified offering periods at a discount established by the Company’s compensation committee. The purchase price is 85 % of the lower of the fair market value of the Company’s Class A common stock on the first trading day of the offering period or the fair market value on the purchase date. Under the ESPP, the Company may specify offering periods with durations of not more than 27 months, and may specify shorter purchase periods within each offering period.
Employees participating in the ESPP commence payroll withholdings that accumulate through the end of the respective offering period. As of September 30, 2026, $3.0 million has been withheld via employee payroll deductions for employees who have opted to participate in the purchase periods ending November 2026.
As of September 30, 2026, there was $7.5 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation related to the ESPP which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.43 years.
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Stock Options
Stock options granted by the Company to new employees generally vest over four years , with 25 % vesting one year after the vesting commencement date and then 1/48th of the total grant vesting monthly thereafter. Options granted to existing employees generally vest 1/48th of the total grant monthly over four years . Options granted are exercisable within a period not exceeding ten years from the grant date. Excluding the performance stock options granted to the CEO outlined below, no new stock options have been granted since March 2023.
In June 2020, the board of directors of Hims granted 3,246,139 and 1,623,070 performance stock options to the CEO with an exercise price of $2.43 22.99 and $38.31 , respectively, or (ii) a per share price on a public stock exchange that is at least equal to $22.99 and $38.31 , respectively. The CEO is required to be employed at the time the per share consideration/price is achieved in order to receive the awards, but the awards are not subject to any other service condition. The Company recognized expense related to these awards based on the fair value and derived service period as measured using a Monte Carlo simulation model, and the expense is accelerated if the requirements outlined in (i) and (ii) above are achieved. The grant date fair value was $16.6 million for these awards. The $22.99 per share price threshold related to awards for the 3,246,139 stock options was achieved in February 2021. The $38.31 per share threshold related to awards for the 1,623,070 stock options was achieved in February 2025. As of September 30, 2026, 3,229,134 of these stock options have been exercised at a weighted average exercise price of $2.43 . As of September 30, 2026, all stock-based compensation expense for the awards has been recognized.
In February 2022, the Board of Directors granted 2,085,640 performance stock options to the CEO with an exercise price of $5.01 that vest in equal tranches. On each anniversary date after February 24, 2022, 25 % of the shares subject to the options will vest provided that (i) the CEO is employed on the anniversary date and (ii) the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock is more than $10 per share in 20 of the 30 trading days prior to the anniversary date. The award is not subject to any other service condition. Vesting is cumulative in subsequent years if the market condition was not previously met. The Company recognizes expense related to this award for each tranche individually based on the fair value and requisite service period, which is the greater of the derived service period and the explicit service period. The fair value and the derived service term of the market condition were both measured using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The total grant date fair value was $3.8 million for this award. As of September 30, 2026, all 2,085,640 shares have vested and no shares have been exercised. As of September 30, 2026, all stock-based compensation expense for the award has been recognized.
In March 2025, the Board of Directors granted 557,244 performance stock options to the CEO with an exercise price of $34.71 that vest at the end of a three-year period, with the number of shares earned ranging from 0 % to 250 % of the target, provided that (i) the CEO remains employed at the end of the period and (ii) the Company achieves certain revenue and Adjusted EBITDA performance metrics related to the 2027 fiscal year. The total grant date fair value was $11.0 million, which was based on the probable achievement of 100 % of the target and measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions used in the model were an expected term of 6.41 years, an expected volatility of 54.0 %, a risk-free interest rate of 4.0 %, and an expected dividend yield of 0 %. As of September 30, 2026, there was $4.4 million of remaining compensation expense to be recognized over a period of 1.42 years. The Company will continue to evaluate the likelihood of achieving the performance metrics on a quarterly basis.
In March 2026, the Board of Directors granted 665,456 performance stock options to the CEO with an exercise price of $25.88 that vest at the end of a three-year period, with the number of shares earned ranging from 0 % to 250 % of the target, provided that (i) the CEO remains employed at the end of the period and (ii) the Company achieves certain revenue and Adjusted EBITDA performance metrics related to the 2028 fiscal year. The total grant date fair value was $11.0 million, which was based on the probable achievement of 100 % of the target and measured using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The assumptions used in the model were an expected term of 6.49 years, an expected volatility of 64.5 %, a risk-free interest rate of 3.9 %, and an expected dividend yield of 0 %. As of September 30, 2026, there was $8.9 million of remaining compensation expense to be recognized over a period of 2.42 years. The Company will continue to evaluate the likelihood of achieving the performance metrics on a quarterly basis.
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Option activity (excluding the performance stock options granted to the CEO outlined above) is as follows (in thousands, except for weighted average exercise price and weighted average contractual term in years):
| Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Contractual Period (in Years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2025 | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Forfeited and expired | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding at September 30, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercisable as of September 30, 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The intrinsic value of vested options exercised was $47.6 million.
As of September 30, 2026, there was $0.3 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options (excluding the performance stock options granted to the CEO outlined above) which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.40 years.
The options outstanding and exercisable as of September 30, 2026 (excluding the performance stock options granted to the CEO outlined above) have been aggregated into ranges for additional disclosure as follows (in thousands, except weighted average remaining contractual life and exercise price):
| Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise Price | Shares | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years) | Shares | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
$ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RSUs
RSUs for new employees generally vest over four years , with 25 % vesting one year after the vesting commencement date on the first Company Quarterly Vesting Date (defined below) and the remaining grant vesting quarterly thereafter on the specified vesting dates of: (i) prior to July 1, 2026: March 15, June 15, September 15, and December 15; and (ii) effective July 1, 2026: February 15, May 15, August 15, and November 15 (each, a “Company Quarterly Vesting Date” or collectively, “Company Quarterly Vesting Dates”). Additional RSUs granted to current employees generally vest quarterly on Company Quarterly Vesting Dates over four years .
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RSU activity (excluding the PRSUs outlined below) is as follows (in thousands, except for weighted average grant date fair value):
| Shares | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value | |||||||||||||
| Unvested at December 31, 2025 | $ | |||||||||||||
| Granted | ||||||||||||||
| Vested | ( | |||||||||||||
| Forfeited and expired | ( | |||||||||||||
| Unvested at September 30, 2026 | $ | |||||||||||||
As of September 30, 2026, there was $486.7 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs (excluding the PRSUs outlined below) which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.95 years.
Performance RSUs
In March 2023, the Board of Directors granted awards of 1,115,709 target shares of PRSUs to certain executive officers, of which 11,408 target shares were forfeited. The PRSUs were to vest at the end of a three-year period, with the number of shares to be earned ranging from 0 % to 200 % of the target, provided that (i) the recipient remained employed at the end of the period and (ii) the Company achieved certain revenue and Adjusted EBITDA performance metrics related to the 2025 fiscal year. The total grant date fair value of the awards was $12.9 million, which was based on the probable achievement of 100 % of the target. Based on fiscal year 2025 results, the actual number of shares earned was 200 % of the target, and the 2,208,602 shares underlying these PRSUs vested during the first quarter of 2026.
In February 2024, the Board of Directors granted awards of 1,218,467 target shares of PRSUs to certain executive officers and senior leadership. As of September 30, 2026, 267,697 of these shares subject to PRSUs have been forfeited. The PRSUs vest at the end of a three-year period, with the number of shares earned ranging from 0 % to 200 % of the target, provided that (i) the recipient remains employed at the end of the period and (ii) the Company achieves certain revenue and Adjusted EBITDA performance metrics related to the 2026 fiscal year. The total grant date fair value of the awards was $16.2 million, which was based on the probable achievement of 100 % of the target.
As of September 30, 2026, there was unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested PRSUs of $2.4 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.46 years. The Company will continue to evaluate the likelihood of achieving the performance metrics on a quarterly basis.
Warrants
During September 2026, the last remaining outstanding historical Class A common stock warrants issued to nonemployees in connection with vendor service agreements expired. These 271,962 1.75 and a weighted average contractual term of 7.01 years. As a result of their expiration, there were no warrants outstanding as of September 30, 2026.
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Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense for employees and nonemployees, by category, on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operations and support | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technology and development | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
16. Related-Party Transactions
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded $2.7 million, within operating expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income for payments made to Woolly Labs, Inc. (d/b/a Vouched) (“Vouched”), a former related-party company that provides identity verification services. As a result of an executive leadership change at the Company in the second quarter of 2025, Vouched was no longer considered a related party as of July 1, 2025.
17. Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income per Share
The Company uses the two-class method to calculate net (loss) income per share. No
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The following table sets forth the computation of the Company’s basic and diluted net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30 (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A | Class V | Class A | Class V | Class A | Class V | Class A | Class V | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders, basic | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs for Convertible Notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reallocation of undistributed earnings | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders, diluted | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Denominator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding, basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of dilutive potential common shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic net (loss) income per share | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted net (loss) income per share | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The following table discloses weighted average Class A securities that were not included in the computation of diluted net (loss) income per share as their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Convertible Notes | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| RSUs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock options | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| PRSUs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issuable under the ESPP | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The Capped Calls entered into in connection with the Convertible Notes were excluded from the calculation of diluted net (loss) income per share as the effect would have been anti-dilutive. There were no
18. Segments
The CODM utilizes net (loss) income as the measure of segment profit or loss. The CODM uses net (loss) income to evaluate return on assets and decide whether to reinvest profits into the segment or into other new investment opportunities.
In addition to the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, the CODM is regularly provided with financial information that includes the following captions when assessing the performance and allocation of resources: cost of revenue, customer acquisition costs (comprising advertising and media costs associated with the Company’s efforts to acquire new customers, promote its brands, and build awareness for its products and services, including advertising in digital media, social media, television, radio, out-of-home media, and various other media outlets and excluding content production costs), employee compensation (comprising salaries and wages, benefits, taxes, and performance bonuses, and excluding stock-based compensation) by operating expense caption, and stock-based compensation by operating expense caption. These are significant segment expenses, as they are regularly provided to the CODM.
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The table below highlights the segment’s revenue, expenses, and net (loss) income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Customer acquisition costs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employee compensation included within: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operations and support | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technology and development | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation included within: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operations and support | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technology and development | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense included within operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legal contingencies | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of equity securities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income and expense, net | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax benefit | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
Other segment items(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Segment net (loss) income | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Reconciliation of profit or loss | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments and reconciling items | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated net (loss) income | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||
______________
In addition to the segment’s operating results, the CODM is regularly provided with total assets as reported on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as well as the expenditures for both purchases of property, equipment, and intangible assets, and investment in website development and internal-use software, which are reported on the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows and totaled $39.4 million and $69.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively, and $108.0 million and $178.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively.
19. Income Tax
The effective income tax rate was 28.6 % and (29.1 )%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 and 12.1 % and (2.1 )%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal rate in 2026 primarily due to the windfall tax benefit on stock compensation activity, the executive compensation addback under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m), generation of research and development tax credits, transaction costs, acquisition earn-outs and compensation, and state taxes. The effective tax rate differs from the U.S. federal
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rate in 2025 primarily due to the windfall tax benefit on stock compensation activity, the executive compensation addback under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m), generation of research and development tax credits, and state taxes.
For interim periods, the Company has historically utilized the estimated annual effective tax rate method under which the Company determined its provision for income taxes based on the current estimate of its annual effective tax rate for all jurisdictions. For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company utilized the discrete effective tax rate method for its domestic subsidiaries, while continuing to utilize the estimated annual effective rate methodology for its foreign subsidiaries. The discrete method treats the year-to-date period as if it were the annual period and determines the interim income taxes on that basis. Due to the significant estimation uncertainty for the domestic forecast in the first quarter of 2026 as a result of the 2026 US WL Announcement as described in Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, the Company could not reliably estimate its U.S. federal annual effective tax rate, and a discrete tax computation was utilized in the quarter. Given the data available during the second and third quarters of 2026, the Company was able to reasonably estimate the domestic earnings for the full year and utilized the annualized effective tax rate method for the second and third quarters of 2026.
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A)
The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (our “2025 Annual Report”), including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Item 7 of Part II of our 2025 Annual Report and the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis. You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by law, we do not intend to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date hereof or to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations. Forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this discussion and analysis to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company,” and “Hims & Hers” refer to Hims & Hers Health, Inc. and its subsidiaries and variable interest entities.
Overview
Hims & Hers is a consumer-first platform transforming the way customers fulfill their health and wellness needs. Our mission is to help the world feel great through the power of better health. We believe that we have the technical infrastructure, distributed provider network, and access to clinical capabilities to lead the migration of routine office visits to a personalized, digital, accessible format. The Hims & Hers platforms (collectively, our “platform”) include access to a highly-qualified and technologically-capable provider network, a clinically-focused electronic medical records system, digital prescriptions, cloud-enabled pharmacy fulfillment, and personalization capabilities. Our digital platform enables access to treatments for a broad range of conditions, including primarily those related to sexual health, hair loss, hormone health, weight loss, dermatology, and mental health, as well as services such as comprehensive laboratory testing. Hims & Hers connects patients to licensed healthcare professionals who can prescribe medications when appropriate. Prescriptions are fulfilled online through licensed pharmacies, making accessing treatments simple, affordable, and straightforward. Through the Hims & Hers mobile applications, consumers can access a range of educational programs, wellness content, community support, and other services that promote lifelong health and wellness.
In addition, we offer access to a range of health and wellness products designed to meet individual needs, which can include curated prescription and non-prescription products. Our products and services are available for purchase directly by customers on our websites and mobile applications.
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Revenue and Key Business Metrics
Our management monitors United States Revenue and Rest of the World Revenue (both defined below) to track our total revenue generation. We also monitor the additional key business metrics set forth below to help us evaluate our business, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans and make strategic decisions. Increases or decreases in these key business metrics may not correspond with increases or decreases in our revenue. We continually and strategically review our key business metrics to ensure that they are helpful in managing or monitoring the performance of our business as it grows, which may result in changes in our key business metrics over time. Our management primarily uses the Subscribers and Monthly Revenue per Average Subscriber metrics, each as defined below, to manage and monitor the performance of our business.
The limitations our key business metrics have as an analytical tool include: (i) they might not accurately predict our future financial results pursuant to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”); and (ii) other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate our key business metrics or similarly titled measures differently, which reduces their usefulness as comparative measures.
Our consolidated revenue primarily comprises online sales of health and wellness products through our websites and mobile applications, including prescription and non-prescription products, as well as services, primarily consisting of medical consultation services, membership-based access, post-consultation service support, and delivery of laboratory testing results, as applicable. Our online sales are net of refunds, credits, and chargebacks, and include revenue recognition adjustments recorded pursuant to U.S. GAAP, primarily relating to deferred revenue and returns reserve. A substantial majority of our online sales are subscription-based, where customers agree to be billed on a recurring basis to have products and services automatically delivered to them. This revenue also includes sales from customers who have made one-time purchases.
Brief descriptions of our key business metrics are provided below.
“United States Revenue” represents the sales of products and services by our consolidated legal entities operating within jurisdictions located inside of the United States.
“Rest of the World Revenue” represents the sales of products and services by our consolidated legal entities operating within jurisdictions located outside of the United States.
“Subscribers” are customers who have one or more “Subscriptions” pursuant to which they have agreed to be automatically billed on a recurring basis at a defined cadence. The Subscription billing cadence is typically defined as a number of days (for example, billed every 30 days or every 90 days), which are excluded from our reporting when payment has not occurred at the contracted billing cadence. Subscribers can cancel or snooze Subscriptions in between billing periods to stop receiving additional products and/or services and can reactivate Subscriptions to continue receiving additional products and/or services. Customers who have made one-time purchases are not considered Subscribers.
“Monthly Revenue per Average Subscriber” is defined as total revenue divided by “Average Subscribers”, which amount is then further divided by the number of months in a period. “Average Subscribers” are calculated as the sum of the Subscribers at the beginning and end of a given period divided by 2.
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The table below provides a breakdown of total revenue between United States Revenue and Rest of the World Revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, as well as key business metrics that we believe drive total revenue (i.e., Subscribers and Monthly Revenue per Average Subscriber) and the change and percentage change between such periods (in thousands, except for Monthly Revenue per Average Subscriber and percentage change):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | Change | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States Revenue | $ | 657,089 | $ | 543,523 | $ | 113,566 | 21 | % | $ | 1,808,828 | $ | 1,659,501 | $ | 149,327 | 9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rest of the World Revenue | 233,284 | 55,453 | 177,831 | 321 | % | 442,863 | 70,318 | 372,545 | 530 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 890,373 | $ | 598,976 | $ | 291,397 | 49 | % | $ | 2,251,691 | $ | 1,729,819 | $ | 521,872 | 30 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subscribers (end of period) | 2,788 | 2,471 | 317 | 13 | % | 2,788 | 2,471 | 317 | 13 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monthly Revenue per Average Subscriber | $ | 105 | $ | 81 | $ | 24 | 30 | % | $ | 94 | $ | 82 | $ | 12 | 15 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We generated $657.1 million in United States Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2026, an increase of $113.6 million, or 21%, as compared to $543.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. We generated $1,808.8 million in United States Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, an increase of $149.3 million, or 9%, as compared to $1,659.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increases in United States Revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 were primarily driven by growth in our Hers brand as a result of our weight loss and dermatology offerings, including an expanded assortment of branded weight loss offerings, partially offset by the impact of a change in the timing of revenue recognition for certain of our weight loss offerings, inclusive of our Hers brand, as a result of a shift to shorter shipping cadences. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, our Hers brand represented approximately 45% and over 40%, respectively, of United States Revenue, compared to representing approximately 40% of United States Revenue for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, a majority of our total United States Revenue came from non-glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (“GLP-1”) offerings. United States Revenue can fluctuate on a period-to-period basis due to various factors, including launches of new product offerings, the success of our marketing campaigns, product shipping cadences, and pricing decisions impacting customer uptake of our offerings, as well as product availability and the regulatory landscape impacting our offerings.
We generated $233.3 million in Rest of the World Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2026, an increase of $177.8 million, or 321%, as compared to $55.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. We generated $442.9 million in Rest of the World Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, an increase of $372.5 million, or 530%, as compared to $70.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Growth in Rest of the World Revenue was primarily driven by the geographic expansion from our recent acquisitions, including our acquisition of Eucalyptus, which closed in June 2026. Rest of the World Revenue can fluctuate on a period-to-period basis due to various factors, including those that also impact United States Revenue discussed above, as well as the magnitude of any future geographic expansion.
Subscribers grew 13% to approximately 2.8 million as of September 30, 2026 as compared to approximately 2.5 million Subscribers as of September 30, 2025. Growth in Subscribers was primarily driven by increased traffic to our platform (through our websites and mobile applications) as a result of our marketing activities, including both ordinary-course marketing campaigns and a specialized Super Bowl marketing campaign in both nine month periods, as well as by our recent acquisition of Eucalyptus and improved onsite and customer onboarding experiences.
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Monthly Revenue per Average Subscriber increased $24 to $105 for the three months ended September 30, 2026 as compared to $81 for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and increased $12 to $94 for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 as compared to $82 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. These increases were primarily due to changes in product mix, including uptake of our weight loss offerings, along with the impact of our acquisition of Eucalyptus, partially offset by the shift to shorter shipping cadences for certain of our offerings as discussed above. This metric includes revenue contributed by customers who made one-time purchases and therefore were not considered Subscribers. If the revenue contribution of customers who made one-time purchases was excluded from this metric, Monthly Revenue per Average Subscriber for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 would have been lower by approximately $10, and Monthly Revenue per Average Subscriber for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 would have been lower by less than $10 and less than $5, respectively.
We continuously test and optimize the online experience and offerings to improve the customer experience, maximize sales, and improve gross margin. Our Subscribers select an available cadence at which they wish to receive product shipments or a treatment term depending on the offering. In addition to a 30-day cadence or treatment term, we offer Subscribers the ability to select from a range of Subscription shipment cadences or treatment terms, from every 60 days to 360 days, depending on the offering, as available. In recent quarters, there has been a shift towards shorter and more frequent shipping cadences, which has impacted our gross margins. We expect this shift to continue as we enhance our membership program described below. Subscriptions automatically renew on the applicable cadence selected by the Subscriber when purchasing or updating the Subscription. To ensure timely delivery of prescription medications and in accordance with our terms and conditions, Subscribers may sometimes be charged, and products may sometimes be shipped, earlier than their regularly scheduled cadence to accommodate holidays or for other operational reasons to support continuity of treatment. With the exception of prepaid offerings and the membership program described below, the Subscriber is typically billed upon each shipment. Subscribers can cancel or snooze Subscriptions in between billing periods to stop receiving additional products and can reactivate Subscriptions at any time. For longer term Subscriptions, we incur shipping and fulfillment expenses fewer times per year than for 30-day Subscriptions. The Subscriber uptake of longer term Subscriptions typically results in lower recurring costs and higher gross margins as compared to 30-day Subscriptions.
Additionally, at the end of March 2026, we launched a membership program for our weight loss offerings in the United States, which we expect to continue to evolve in future reporting periods. Among other benefits, this program grants eligible customers access to a range of weight loss medications, plus unlimited support from our network of healthcare providers. Memberships primarily auto-renew monthly and must be active for customers to obtain weight loss medications through a separate Subscription. While customers must have an active membership to obtain prescription medication, they can hold a membership without a medication plan.
Key Factors Affecting Results of Operations
We believe that our performance and future success depend on several factors that present significant opportunities for us but also pose risks and challenges.
New customer acquisition
Our ability to attract new customers is a key factor for our future growth. To date, we have successfully acquired new customers through marketing and the development of our brands, as well as through launches of new offerings, including branded weight loss offerings, and through mergers and acquisitions. As a result, revenue has increased each year since our launch. If we are unable to acquire enough new customers in the future, revenue might decline, and the mix of adoption of our products and services by new customers can impact our gross profits and gross margins. New customer acquisition could be negatively impacted if our marketing efforts are less effective in the future. Increases in advertising rates could also negatively impact our ability to acquire new customers. Consumer tastes, preferences, and sentiment for our brands may also change and result in decreased demand for our products and services. Changes in the legal or regulatory environment, including as a result of our expansion into new geographies, have impacted and could continue to impact our ability to acquire new customers, including changes to privacy, healthcare, or other laws, or the interpretation or enforcement of such laws, and could impact customer acquisition costs. In addition, acquiring new customers may be impacted by supply chain constraints related to our offerings that may be outside of our control and may impact our future results.
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Retention of customers
Our ability to retain customers is a key factor in our ability to generate revenue. A majority of our customers purchase products and services through subscription-based plans, where Subscribers are billed and sent products and/or receive services on a recurring basis. The recurring nature of this revenue provides us with a certain amount of predictability for future revenue if past Subscriber behavior stays relatively consistent in the future. We expect to retain a significant majority of revenue from Subscribers who maintain a Subscription for more than two years (sometimes referred to by us as “long-term revenue retention”). However, if customer behavior changes, or our assumptions regarding long-term revenue retention are incorrect and Subscriber retention decreases in the future, then future revenue will be negatively impacted, and changes to the mix of our products and services purchased by customers can impact our gross profits and gross margin. Macroeconomic factors including inflation or recessionary pressures or the impact of trade actions may affect the ability of our Subscribers to continue to pay for our products and services, which may also impact the future results of our operations.
Investments in growth
We expect to continue to focus on long-term growth. We intend to continue to invest in our fulfillment, distribution, and operating capabilities, including in our wholly-owned pharmacies (also referred to herein as our “Pharmacies”), our laboratory testing facilities and our peptide manufacturing facility (collectively with our Pharmacies, sometimes referred to herein as our “Facilities”), with the goal of fulfilling a majority of our pharmaceutical and over-the-counter customer orders through internal fulfillment capabilities. For example, we are making investments in the expansion of our current Facilities, which are expected to continue for at least the next 12 months. Additionally, we expect to continue to make significant investments in marketing to acquire new customers across all of our brands, and we expect to continue to make investments in product offerings and customer experience. We are working to enhance our offerings and expand the breadth of health and wellness products and services offered on our websites and mobile applications. We are also continuing to invest in our artificial intelligence (“AI”) capabilities, including through investment in hiring and retaining engineering and AI personnel. In addition, we may continue to pursue opportunities to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services, and technologies, including intellectual property rights. Specifically, in July 2025, we acquired all of the outstanding equity of Zava Global GmbH (which is now H&H Germany GmbH) and its subsidiaries (“Zava”), a digital health platform registered in Germany with operations in the United Kingdom and the European Union, in November 2025, we acquired all of the outstanding equity of Medici Technologies, Inc., which is now Hims & Hers Canada Inc. (“Medici”), a digital health platform registered in Canada, in January 2026, we completed a merger pursuant to which YourBio became our wholly-owned subsidiary, and in June 2026, we acquired all of the outstanding equity of EUC Management Pty Ltd ACN 631 013 860 and its subsidiaries (“Eucalyptus”), a digital health and wellness platform headquartered in Australia, with operations in Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, Canada, and Japan (for additional details regarding the YourBio and Eucalyptus transactions, refer to the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section). In the short term, we expect these investments to increase our operating expenses; however, in the long term, we anticipate that these investments will positively impact our results of operations. If we are unsuccessful at improving our offerings or are unable to generate additional demand for our offerings, we may not recover the financial investments we make into the business and revenue may not increase in the future.
Expansion into new specialties
We expect to continue to expand into new health and wellness specialties with our offerings. Specialty expansion allows us to increase the number of health and wellness consumers for whom we can provide products and services. It also allows us to offer access to treatment of additional conditions that may already affect our current customers. Expanding into new health and wellness specialties has required and may continue to require financial investments in additional headcount, marketing and customer acquisition costs, additional operational capabilities, and may require the purchase of new inventory. If we are unable to generate or maintain sufficient demand in new health and wellness specialties, we may not recover the financial investments we make into new specialties and revenue may not increase in the future.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to our financial results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we present Adjusted EBITDA (which is a non-GAAP financial measure), Adjusted EBITDA margin (which is a non-GAAP ratio), and Free Cash Flow (which is a non-GAAP financial measure), each as defined below. We use Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, and Free Cash Flow to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, and Free Cash Flow, when taken together with the corresponding U.S. GAAP financial measures,
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provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by excluding certain items that may not be indicative of our business, results of operations, or outlook. We consider Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, and Free Cash Flow to be important measures because they help illustrate underlying trends in our business and our historical operating performance on a more consistent basis. We believe that the use of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, and Free Cash Flow is helpful to our investors as they are used by management in assessing the health of our business, our operating performance, and our liquidity.
However, non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate similarly-titled non-GAAP financial measures or ratios differently or may use other financial measures or ratios to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, and Free Cash Flow as tools for comparison. Reconciliations are provided below to the most directly comparable financial measures stated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review our U.S. GAAP financial measures and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.
Adjusted EBITDA is a key performance measure that our management uses to assess our operating performance. Because Adjusted EBITDA facilitates internal comparisons of our historical operating performance on a more consistent basis, we use this measure for business planning purposes. “Adjusted EBITDA” is defined as net (loss) income before stock-based compensation; depreciation and amortization; acquisition, transaction, and investment earn-out costs (which includes (i) consideration paid for employee and nonemployee compensation with vesting requirements incurred directly as a result of acquisitions, (ii) transaction professional services, and (iii) earn-outs payable under non-recurring investment agreements); other non-recurring items (which includes other non-cash, non-recurring costs, such as costs incurred when exiting insignificant lines of business, or other costs which are not related to continuing business operations); foreign currency gains and losses, net; restructuring and other related charges that are considered non-recurring; payroll tax expense related to stock-based compensation; interest income and expense, net; legal contingencies; impairment of long-lived assets; change in fair value of liabilities; income taxes; and change in fair value of equity securities. “Adjusted EBITDA margin” is defined as Adjusted EBITDA divided by revenue.
In the third quarter of 2026, we revised our definition of Adjusted EBITDA to include foreign currency gains and losses, net as a result of our recent international expansion. Foreign currency gains and losses, net were not considered significant for prior periods and, accordingly, prior period disclosures were not recast to conform to the current presentation.
In the first quarter of 2026, we announced a strategic shift for our United States weight loss offering ("2026 US WL Announcement"). As a result, we evolved our United States weight loss offering to match our global approach towards providing access to branded GLP-1 medications, and offering access to compounded GLP-1 medications through our platform on a limited scale. In connection with the strategic shift, we revised our definition of Adjusted EBITDA to include restructuring and other related charges that are considered non-recurring, as we believe these costs are distinguishable from ongoing operating costs and do not reflect current or expected performance of our ongoing operations. These costs consist of inventory write-downs, third-party costs, and non-recurring employee compensation charges, all of which were incurred directly as a result of the 2026 US WL Announcement. Additional restructuring and other related charges were incurred in the second and third quarters of 2026, and to the extent that we incur further restructuring and other related charges in connection with the 2026 US WL Announcement in future periods, these costs will be presented consistently with our current presentation. As we did not record any non-recurring restructuring and other related charges in prior years, prior period disclosures were not impacted.
In the second quarter of 2025, we revised our definition of Adjusted EBITDA to include payroll tax expense related to stock-based compensation, which comprises employer taxes incurred upon vesting of restricted stock units and upon exercise of nonqualified stock options. As a result of recent trends in our stock price, this amount was not considered significant for prior periods and, accordingly, prior period disclosures were not recast to conform to the current presentation.
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The following table reconciles net (loss) income to Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 890,373 | $ | 598,976 | $ | 2,251,691 | $ | 1,729,819 | |||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | (33,040) | 15,774 | (211,445) | 107,764 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 64,477 | 40,172 | 143,455 | 100,756 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 38,210 | 17,669 | 89,640 | 36,410 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition, transaction, and investment earn-out costs | 35,417 | 5,838 | 77,618 | 12,093 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other non-recurring items | 5,599 | — | 5,599 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency gains and losses, net | 4,064 | — | 4,064 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Restructuring and other related charges | 3,825 | — | 41,939 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Payroll tax expense related to stock-based compensation | 1,277 | 2,314 | 6,166 | 5,392 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income and expense, net | 702 | (8,008) | (6,585) | (16,721) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Legal contingencies | — | — | 62,500 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | — | 531 | 1,148 | 531 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of liabilities | (3,821) | 7,626 | 18,048 | 7,626 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit from income taxes | (13,210) | (3,551) | (28,989) | (2,193) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of equity securities | (21,112) | — | (16,167) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 82,388 | $ | 78,365 | $ | 186,991 | $ | 251,658 | |||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income as a % of revenue | (4) | % | 3 | % | (9) | % | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin | 9 | % | 13 | % | 8 | % | 15 | % | |||||||||||||||
Some of the limitations of Adjusted EBITDA include (i) Adjusted EBITDA does not properly reflect capital commitments to be paid in the future, and (ii) although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the underlying assets may need to be replaced and Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect these capital expenditures. In evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, you should be aware that in the future we will incur expenses similar to the adjustments in this presentation. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by these expenses or any unusual or non-recurring items. We compensate for these limitations by providing specific information regarding the U.S. GAAP items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA. When evaluating our performance, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA in addition to, and not as a substitute for, other financial performance measures, including our net (loss) income and other U.S. GAAP results.
Free Cash Flow is a key performance measure that our management uses to assess our liquidity. Because Free Cash Flow facilitates internal comparisons of our historical liquidity on a more consistent basis, we use this measure for business planning purposes. “Free Cash Flow” is defined as net cash provided by operating activities, less purchases of property, equipment, and intangible assets and investment in website development and internal-use software in investing activities.
The following table reconciles net cash provided by operating activities to Free Cash Flow for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 65,393 | $ | 148,721 | $ | 118,810 | $ | 238,694 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property, equipment, and intangible assets in investing activities | (33,280) | (65,265) | (89,050) | (166,657) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment in website development and internal-use software in investing activities | (6,139) | (4,092) | (18,947) | (12,053) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Free Cash Flow | $ | 25,974 | $ | 79,364 | $ | 10,813 | $ | 59,984 | ||||||||||||||||||
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Some of the limitations of Free Cash Flow include (i) Free Cash Flow does not represent our residual cash flow for discretionary expenditures and our non-discretionary commitments, and (ii) Free Cash Flow includes capital expenditures, the benefits of which may be realized in periods subsequent to those in which the expenditures took place. In evaluating Free Cash Flow, you should be aware that in the future we will have cash outflows similar to the adjustments in this presentation. Our presentation of Free Cash Flow should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by these cash outflows or any unusual or non-recurring items. When evaluating our performance, you should consider Free Cash Flow in addition to, and not as a substitute for, other financial performance measures, including our net cash provided by operating activities and other U.S. GAAP results.
Basis of Presentation
Currently, we conduct business through one operating segment. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our company, our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which we are the primary beneficiary. As of September 30, 2026, the VIEs are the “Affiliated Medical Groups,” which are professional corporations or other professional entities located in the United States and owned by licensed physicians and that engage licensed healthcare professionals (physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and mental health providers; collectively referred to as “Providers” or individually, a “Provider”) to provide consultation services. We determined that we are the primary beneficiary of the Affiliated Medical Groups for accounting purposes because we have the ability to direct the activities that most significantly affect these entities’ economic performance and have the obligation to absorb the entities’ losses. Under the VIE model, we present the results of operations and the financial position of the entities as part of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as if the consolidated group were a single economic entity. Additionally, Apostrophe Pharmacy LLC and XeCare, LLC, which are licensed mail order pharmacies providing prescription fulfillment solely to our customers, were VIEs through April 2025 and November 2025, respectively, when, as a result of changes of ownership, they became wholly-owned subsidiaries of our company and were no longer considered VIEs.
Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We recognize revenue when we transfer promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.
Our consolidated revenue primarily comprises online sales of health and wellness products through our websites and mobile applications, including prescription and non-prescription products, as well as services, primarily consisting of medical consultation services, membership-based access, post-consultation service support, and delivery of laboratory testing results, as applicable.
Cost of revenue
Cost of revenue consists of costs directly attributable to the products shipped and services rendered, including costs of purchased products net of vendor rebates per contract terms, as applicable, manufactured products, packaging materials, shipping costs, labor costs directly related to revenue generating activities including primarily medical consultation services and manufacturing labor, and overhead costs associated with manufactured products. Costs related to free products where there is no expectation of future purchases from a customer and depreciation and amortization on property, equipment, and software (other than related to manufactured products) are considered to be operating expenses and are excluded from cost of revenue.
Gross profit and gross margin
Our gross profit represents total revenue less our total cost of revenue, and our gross margin is our gross profit expressed as a percentage of our total revenue. Our gross profit and gross margin have been and will continue to be affected by a number of factors, including the prices we charge for our products and services, the costs we incur from our vendors for certain components of our cost of revenues, the mix of the various products and services we sell in a period including the launch of new offerings, the volume of fulfillment through internal fulfillment capabilities, and our ability to sell our inventory. Our gross margin is expected to remain below comparative periods in the near term, primarily as a result of the 2026 US WL Announcement and recent international acquisitions. While we expect our gross margin to fluctuate from period to period depending on these and other factors, over the long term we expect gross margin to stabilize as we continue to scale our business and increase our ability to negotiate and optimize more favorable costs of revenue, as well as integrate new acquisitions.
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Marketing expenses
The largest component of our marketing expenses consists of our discretionary customer acquisition costs. Customer acquisition costs, also called paid marketing expense, are the advertising and media costs associated with our efforts to acquire new customers, promote our brands, and build awareness for our products and services. Customer acquisition costs include advertising in digital media, social media, television, radio, out-of-home media, and various other media outlets and exclude content production costs. Marketing expenses also include overhead expenses, including salaries, benefits, taxes, and stock-based compensation for personnel; agency, contractor, and consulting expenses; content production, software, and other marketing operating costs. Marketing is an important driver of growth and we intend to continue to make significant investments in customer acquisition and our marketing organization. Marketing expenses may fluctuate from period to period due to the timing and discretionary nature of these expenses. While marketing expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of revenue, we expect total marketing expenses as a percentage of revenue to continue to decrease over the long term.
Operations and support expenses
Operations and support expenses include the salaries, benefits, taxes, professional services expenses, and stock-based compensation for personnel, consultants, and contractors for our supply chain, retail, medical, pharmacy, fulfillment, diagnostics, customer service, and corporate quality functions. These expenses also include operating expenses primarily relating to operations and support functions for our Facilities, warehousing and storage, fulfillment, transaction processing, third-party software and hosting to support those functions, and related depreciation and amortization. We expect operations and support expenses may increase for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in our fulfillment and operating capabilities and grow our business, resulting in additional operational efficiencies, although they may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue from period to period due to the timing and amount of these expenses.
Technology and development expenses
Technology and development expenses include the salaries, benefits, taxes, professional services expenses, and stock-based compensation for personnel, consultants, and contractors for our engineering, product management, product development, and data science functions. These expenses also include operating expenses primarily relating to technology and development functions for the operation, maintenance, and enhancement of our digital platform, websites, and mobile applications, inclusive of related expenses for third-party software and hosting to support those functions, and related depreciation. Expenses also include investments to develop new health and wellness products and services. We expect technology and development expenses may increase in the foreseeable future as we grow our business and continue to invest in our platform, including our AI capabilities, as well as in new offerings. We expect these expenses to stabilize over the long term, although they may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue from period to period due to the timing and amount of these expenses.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses (“G&A”) include the salaries, benefits, taxes, professional services expenses, and stock-based compensation for personnel, consultants, and contractors for our executive, legal, human resources, finance, brand strategy, communications, public and government relations, and other corporate functions. These expenses also include operating expenses primarily relating to general and administrative functions for insurance, third-party software and hosting to support those functions, related depreciation and amortization, and other general corporate costs. G&A may fluctuate as a percentage of total revenue from period to period due to the timing and amount of these expenses.
Total other income, net
Total other income, net primarily consists of changes in fair value of equity securities and liabilities, as well as interest income. Additionally, total other income, net includes expenses associated with our debt, as well as non-operating and one-time charges classified outside of operating expenses. Interest income is driven by our cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale investments and fluctuates from period to period based on balances and applicable interest rates. Interest expense is related to the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs on our debt, applicable interest on any borrowings under our revolving credit facility, and accretion of the discount related to deferred acquisition payable balances.
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Benefit from income taxes
Benefit from income taxes primarily consists of the impacts of pre-tax losses, federal and state tax credits, and windfall tax benefits, partially offset by officer compensation limitations and acquisition-related addbacks. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent management believes they are not more likely than not to be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income. Management makes estimates and judgments about future taxable income based on assumptions that are consistent with our plans and estimates. If and when we conclude that we are more likely than not to utilize some or all of our deferred tax assets, we release some or all of our valuation allowance and our tax provision will decrease in the period in which we make such determination, which will cause a corresponding one-time increase to net income. The utilization of our tax attributes is dependent on our historical results and forecasted income and, to the extent that the forecasted income is negatively impacted, we may establish a full or partial valuation allowance against all or a portion of our remaining U.S. deferred tax assets in a near-term future period. Establishing a full or partial valuation allowance would result in a non-cash income tax charge in the period of determination, which could materially affect our effective tax rate and net income.
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Results of Operations
Comparisons for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025
The following table sets forth our unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025, and the dollar and percentage change between the two periods (dollars in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | Change | % Change | 2026 | 2025 | Change | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 890,373 | $ | 598,976 | $ | 291,397 | 49 | % | $ | 2,251,691 | $ | 1,729,819 | $ | 521,872 | 30 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 381,174 | 156,918 | 224,256 | 143 | % | 864,902 | 440,876 | 424,026 | 96 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 509,199 | 442,058 | 67,141 | 15 | % | 1,386,789 | 1,288,943 | 97,846 | 8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses:(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing | 247,280 | 232,150 | 15,130 | 7 | % | 731,519 | 681,247 | 50,272 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operations and support | 107,196 | 76,848 | 30,348 | 39 | % | 299,180 | 206,371 | 92,809 | 45 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technology and development | 69,387 | 40,577 | 28,810 | 71 | % | 171,224 | 108,339 | 62,885 | 58 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 151,482 | 80,676 | 70,806 | 88 | % | 426,527 | 196,559 | 229,968 | 117 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 575,345 | 430,251 | 145,094 | 34 | % | 1,628,450 | 1,192,516 | 435,934 | 37 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income from operations | (66,146) | 11,807 | (77,953) | * | (241,661) | 96,427 | (338,088) | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of equity securities | 21,112 | — | 21,112 | * | 16,167 | — | 16,167 | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of liabilities | 3,821 | (7,626) | 11,447 | * | (18,048) | (7,626) | (10,422) | 137 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (expense) income, net | (5,037) | 8,042 | (13,079) | * | 3,108 | 16,770 | (13,662) | (81) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other income, net | 19,896 | 416 | 19,480 | 4683 | % | 1,227 | 9,144 | (7,917) | (87) | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | (46,250) | 12,223 | (58,473) | * | (240,434) | 105,571 | (346,005) | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit from income taxes | 13,210 | 3,551 | 9,659 | 272 | % | 28,989 | 2,193 | 26,796 | 1222 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | $ | (33,040) | $ | 15,774 | $ | (48,814) | * | $ | (211,445) | $ | 107,764 | $ | (319,209) | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(*) Not meaningful
(1)Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing | $ | 4,135 | $ | 3,116 | $ | 9,954 | $ | 9,325 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operations and support | 10,864 | 5,452 | 23,993 | 13,037 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technology and development | 12,555 | 4,842 | 25,190 | 14,134 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 36,923 | 26,762 | 84,318 | 64,260 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 64,477 | $ | 40,172 | $ | 143,455 | $ | 100,756 | ||||||||||||||||||
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The following table sets forth our results of operations as a percentage of our total revenue for the periods presented:
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 43 | % | 26 | % | 38 | % | 25 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 57 | % | 74 | % | 62 | % | 75 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing | 28 | % | 39 | % | 32 | % | 39 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Operations and support | 12 | % | 13 | % | 13 | % | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Technology and development | 8 | % | 7 | % | 8 | % | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 17 | % | 13 | % | 19 | % | 11 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 65 | % | 72 | % | 72 | % | 69 | % | |||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income from operations | (8) | % | 2 | % | (10) | % | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of equity securities | 3 | % | — | % | 1 | % | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of liabilities | — | % | (1) | % | (1) | % | (1) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Other (expense) income, net | — | % | 1 | % | — | % | 1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total other income, net | 3 | % | — | % | — | % | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| (Loss) income before income taxes | (5) | % | 2 | % | (10) | % | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Benefit from income taxes | 1 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | — | % | |||||||||||||||
| Net (loss) income | (4) | % | 3 | % | (9) | % | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||
Revenue
Revenue was $890.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $599.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $291.4 million, or 49%. Revenue was $2,251.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $1,729.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $521.9 million, or 30%. For a detailed discussion of these increases, refer to the “Revenue and Key Business Metrics” section.
Cost of revenue and gross profit
Cost of revenue was $381.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $156.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $224.3 million, or 143%. This increase was due to increased product and packaging costs of 176%, increased shipping costs of 64%, and increased costs associated with medical consultation services of 32%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2025. Cost of revenue was $864.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $440.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $424.0 million, or 96%. This increase was primarily due to increased product and packaging costs of 121%, increased shipping costs of 42%, and increased costs associated with medical consultation services of 22% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2025. These increases in cost of revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 were primarily due to our weight loss offerings, some of which have higher product and packaging costs and shipping costs compared to our other offerings, including as a result of the 2026 US WL Announcement, and overall increased business activity with the addition of new Subscribers, along with our recent acquisitions. Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 included $28.5 million of non-recurring restructuring and other related charges, consisting of inventory write-downs, in connection with the 2026 US WL Announcement. There were no such charges during the three months ended September 30, 2026.
Gross profit was $509.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $442.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $67.1 million, or 15%. Correspondingly, gross margin was 57% for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to 74% for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Gross profit was $1,386.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $1,288.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $97.8 million, or 8%. Correspondingly, gross margin was 62% for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to 75% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. These decreases in gross margin were
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primarily due to our weight loss offerings, which have shorter shipping cadences and increased fulfillment costs, along with the impact of the growth of our international business and new offerings, the non-recurring restructuring and other related charges in connection with the 2026 US WL Announcement, and the impact of recent acquisitions.
Marketing expenses
Marketing expenses were $247.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $232.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $15.1 million, or 7%. The most significant component of marketing expenses is customer acquisition costs, which increased to $214.1 million in the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $202.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $11.5 million. Marketing expenses were $731.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $681.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $50.3 million, or 7%. Customer acquisition costs increased to $636.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $592.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $44.0 million. The increases in customer acquisition costs were primarily a result of the impact of the growth of our international business, along with management’s decision to increase investment in search and affiliate marketing as we continue to identify opportunities to drive new customer growth, and which investment further expanded with the addition of newer offerings. These increases were partially offset by management’s decision to focus on more efficient customer acquisition channels, which has resulted in lower marketing expenses as a percent of revenue in the current year compared to the prior year.
Operations and support expenses
Operations and support expenses were $107.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $76.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $30.3 million or 39%. The increase in operations and support was primarily driven by an increase in order fulfillment and transaction processing of $12.9 million, an increase in employee compensation (comprising salaries and wages, benefits, taxes, and performance bonuses and excluding stock-based compensation) of $5.5 million, an increase in stock-based compensation of $5.4 million, and an increase in depreciation, amortization, and technology costs relating to operations and support functions of $2.1 million. Operations and support expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2026 also included less than $5 million of non-recurring restructuring and other related charges. Operations and support expenses were $299.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $206.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $92.8 million or 45%. The increase in operations and support was primarily driven by an increase in order fulfillment and transaction processing of $28.7 million, an increase in employee compensation (comprising salaries and wages, benefits, taxes, and performance bonuses, and excluding stock-based compensation) of $26.3 million, an increase in depreciation, amortization, and technology costs relating to operations and support functions of $12.8 million, and an increase in stock-based compensation of $11.0 million. Operations and support expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 also included less than $15 million of non-recurring restructuring and other related charges. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in professional services of $3.1 million. These increases were primarily due to overall increased business activity, including the impact of our recent acquisitions.
Technology and development expenses
Technology and development expenses were $69.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $40.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $28.8 million or 71%. The increase in technology and development expenses was primarily driven by an increase in professional services of $10.0 million, an increase in depreciation, amortization, and technology costs of $9.0 million, and an increase in stock-based compensation of $7.7 million. Technology and development expenses were $171.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $108.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $62.9 million or 58%. The increase in technology and development expenses was primarily driven by an increase in depreciation, amortization, and technology costs of $23.0 million, an increase in professional services of $13.6 million, an increase in stock-based compensation of $11.1 million, an increase in product development costs of $7.1 million, and an increase in employee compensation (comprising salaries and wages, benefits, taxes, and performance bonuses, and excluding stock-based compensation) of $5.1 million. These increases
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were primarily driven by the continued scaling of our operations, as well as our investments in engineering and artificial intelligence (“AI”) personnel.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses were $151.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $80.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $70.8 million or 88%. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by an increase in employee compensation (comprising salaries and wages, benefits, taxes, and performance bonuses, and excluding stock-based compensation) of $30.8 million, an increase in depreciation, amortization, and technology costs relating to general and administrative functions of $17.8 million, an increase in stock-based compensation of $10.2 million, and an increase in professional services of $9.0 million. General and administrative expenses were $426.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $196.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $230.0 million, or 117%. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by an increase in employee compensation (comprising salaries and wages, benefits, taxes, and performance bonuses, and excluding stock-based compensation) of $70.1 million, an increase in depreciation, amortization, and technology costs relating to general and administrative functions of $35.4 million, an increase in stock-based compensation of $20.1 million, an increase in professional services of $19.3 million, an increase in acquisition costs of $5.6 million, and an increase in insurance premiums of $2.1 million. These increases were primarily driven by the continued scaling of our operations, including as a result of our geographic expansion. General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 also included $62.5 million of legal contingencies that are considered non-recurring.
Total other income, net
Total other income was $19.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, an increase of $19.5 million. The increase was driven primarily by a gain from the change in fair value of equity securities for the three months ended September 30, 2026 of $21.1 million and a gain from the change in fair value of liabilities for the three months ended September 30, 2026 of $3.8 million, compared to a loss of $7.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The increase was partially offset by interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2026 of $4.8 million, compared to $9.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2026 of $5.5 million, compared to $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Total other income was $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $9.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, a decrease of $7.9 million. The decrease was driven primarily by a loss from the change in fair value of liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 of $18.0 million, compared to $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, interest expense of $12.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $3.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and interest income of $18.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $19.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was partially offset by a gain from the change in fair value of equity securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 of $16.2 million. The changes in fair value of liabilities were related to changes in the fair value of the earn-out consideration associated with acquisitions, which for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 was primarily driven by the impact of the amendment to the Zava share purchase agreement during the first quarter of 2026; the gains on change in fair value of equity securities were related to realized and unrealized gains on equity securities; the increase in interest expense was driven by the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs on our debt and interest on borrowings under our revolving credit facility; and the decrease in interest income was driven by fluctuating balances of cash and cash equivalents and investments during the current period compared to the prior period.
Benefit from income taxes
Benefit from income taxes was $13.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $3.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Benefit from income taxes was $29.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026, compared to $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The benefit from income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026 was primarily due to the tax effect of pre-tax losses, impacts of windfall tax benefits, and research and development tax credits, partially offset by acquisition-related addbacks and officer compensation adjustments. The benefit from income taxes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily due to taxes on income during the period based on forecasted pretax income and associated taxes, offset by the impacts of windfall tax benefits and research and development tax credits.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 30, 2026, our principal sources of liquidity totaled $712.2 million, consisting of (i) cash and cash equivalents, which are primarily invested in interest-bearing cash accounts and money market funds; and (ii) short-term available-for-sale investments, which are invested in government and government agency securities and corporate bonds.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we made cash payments for earn-out consideration related to the Zava acquisition totaling $45.7 million, with such payment amounts determined based on fiscal year 2025 results in accordance with the terms of the related share purchase agreement. The Zava earn-out consideration payments totaling $45.7 million are recorded: (i) $2.0 million within operating activities, and (ii) $43.7 million within financing activities on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we made cash payments totaling $10.0 million for investment earn-outs related to a one-time agreement with a company in the peptide manufacturing industry to obtain the expertise and technology necessary for us to independently manufacture certain peptide active pharmaceutical ingredients. This amount is recorded within investing activities on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Under the agreement, the aggregate cash payments of up to $30.0 million are contingent upon the achievement of certain milestones, all of which are expected to be achieved within the next 12 months.
In January 2026, we completed a merger pursuant to which YourBio Health, Inc. (“YourBio”), a U.S.-based company specializing in capillary whole blood sampling technology, became our wholly-owned subsidiary. We entered into the merger agreement to incorporate YourBio’s blood-sampling technology into our technology portfolio. The purchase price for accounting purposes was $153.0 million, including cash paid of $142.4 million and contingent consideration with an acquisition date fair value of $10.6 million (for additional details regarding the acquisition see Note 3 – Acquisitions to the condensed unaudited consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
In May 2026, we issued $402.5 million aggregate principal amount of 0% convertible senior notes due 2032 (the “2032 Convertible Notes”), which provided us with aggregate proceeds net of debt discount and debt issuance costs of $389.5 million. In connection with the issuance of the 2032 Convertible Notes, we separately entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions with certain financial institutions, which resulted in aggregate cash payments of $36.7 million (for additional details see Note 13 – Debt to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). The cash proceeds and cash payments are included within financing activities on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
In June 2026, Horizon BidCo Pty Ltd ACN 694 778 375 (which is now H&H Australia Intermediate Holdings Pty Ltd ACN 694 778 375), an Australian proprietary company and wholly-owned subsidiary of our company, acquired all of the outstanding equity of EUC Management Pty Ltd ACN 631 013 860 and its subsidiaries (“Eucalyptus”), a digital health and wellness platform headquartered in Australia, with operations in Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, Canada, and Japan. We acquired Eucalyptus to expand our global operations into Australia and Japan and deepen our presence in the United Kingdom, Germany, Ireland, and Canada. The purchase price for accounting purposes was $968.5 million, including cash paid upfront of $225.0 million, deferred payments totaling $683.9 million payable in six quarterly installments through the 18-month anniversary of the closing, and contingent consideration with an acquisition date fair value of $59.6 million. The contingent consideration relates to a potential aggregate earn-out payment of up to $96.6 million, upon achievement of revenue and adjusted EBITDA targets with measurements occurring for each of the 2026, 2027, and 2028 fiscal years. We have the option, at our sole discretion, to settle a significant majority of the deferred consideration and earn-out payments in shares of our Class A common stock, subject to a cap on the aggregate number of shares issuable equal to 19.9% of our issued and outstanding Class A common stock, together with any securities issued or issuable in a financing by us in connection with the acquisition. No shares of our Class A common stock were issued at closing of the acquisition of Eucalyptus. During the nine months ended September 30, 2026, we made cash deferred payments totaling $130.3 million. This amount is recorded within investing activities on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
In July 2026, XeCare LLC and Apostrophe Pharmacy LLC, each a wholly-owned subsidiary of our company (each an “RPA Seller” and, collectively, the “RPA Sellers”), entered into a Master Receivables Purchase Agreement (the “RPA”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as purchaser (the “Purchaser”). The RPA provides for an uncommitted facility with an aggregate limit at any time of $400.0 million. Pursuant to the RPA, the RPA Sellers may, subject to the terms and conditions therein, offer to sell certain of their eligible receivables to the Purchaser (“Purchased Receivables”) at a discount. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, the RPA Sellers sold receivables with a carrying value of $434.5 million under the
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RPA for net cash proceeds of $433.3 million (for additional details see Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
We had a working capital deficit of $114.8 million as of September 30, 2026, compared to a working capital surplus of $363.2 million as of December 31, 2025. The deficit as of September 30, 2026 was primarily due to the deferred consideration related to our acquisition of Eucalyptus during the second quarter of 2026. As discussed above, we have the option, at our sole discretion, to settle a significant majority of the deferred consideration in shares of our Class A common stock, subject to certain restrictions.
We believe our existing cash resources, as well as availability under our revolving credit facility and RPA, are sufficient to support planned operations for the next 12 months. As a result, management believes that our current and available financial resources are sufficient to continue operating activities for at least one year past the issuance date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including the number of orders we receive, the size of our customer base, the continuing market acceptance of telehealth, and the timing and extent of spend to support the expansion of sales, marketing, development activities, and our facilities, which may be impacted by inflationary, recessionary, supply chain, or other macroeconomic factors, including the impact of trade actions. We expect to continue to pursue opportunities to expand our manufacturing and internal fulfillment capabilities, and may acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services, and technologies, including intellectual property rights. Purchases of inventory for our branded weight loss offerings require upfront use of cash and cash equivalents prior to the settlement of any applicable manufacturer’s discount and rebate receivables related to the associated vendor supply agreements, which may have an impact on our cash and cash equivalents in a given quarter. We may also use our cash and cash equivalents to repurchase up to $225.0 million of our Class A common stock through November 11, 2028 at management’s discretion pursuant to our 2025 Share Repurchase Program. Additionally, as market conditions warrant, we may, from time to time, repurchase our outstanding Convertible Notes in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, by tender offer, by exchange transaction, or otherwise. Such repurchases, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity, and other factors and may be commenced or suspended at any time. The amounts involved and total consideration paid may be material to the consolidated financial statements. We have based our estimate of our future capital requirements on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise it on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise or access additional capital when desired, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be harmed.
Cash Flows
The following table provides a summary of cash flow data (in thousands):
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 118,810 | $ | 238,694 | |||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 13,668 | (941,282) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 244,952 | 827,142 | |||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities
Our largest source of operating cash flows is cash collections from our customers. Our primary use of cash from operating activities includes costs of revenue, marketing expenses, and personnel-related expenditures to support the growth of our business.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $118.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2026. Net cash provided by operating activities included non-cash expense related to stock-based compensation of $143.5 million, depreciation and amortization of $89.6 million, and non-cash acquisition-related costs of $38.3 million, partially offset by a net loss of $211.4 million and benefit from deferred taxes of $36.1 million. In addition, a net cash inflow totaling $31.7 million was attributable to changes in operating assets and liabilities, primarily as a result of an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $427.9 million. This inflow was partially offset by an increase in receivables, net of $323.9 million, which was primarily related to increases in manufacturer’s discount and rebate receivables.
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Net cash provided by operating activities was $238.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Net cash provided by operating activities included net income of $107.8 million, non-cash expense related to stock-based compensation of $100.8 million, and depreciation and amortization of $36.4 million. In addition, a net cash outflow totaling $17.1 million was attributable to changes in operating assets and liabilities, primarily as a result of a decrease in accrued liabilities of $41.1 million, an increase in inventory of $40.1 million, and an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $38.3 million. The increase in inventory was due to investment to help ensure we could continue meeting customer demand for our offerings, as well as investment related to our overall business growth. The increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets was driven primarily by vendor deposits and prepayments for income taxes. This outflow was partially offset by an increase in accounts payable of $76.1 million and an increase in deferred revenue of $43.1 million.
Cash flows from investing activities
Cash flows from investing activities primarily relate to our treasury operations of investing in available-for-sale investments and acquisitions, as well as purchases of property, equipment, and intangible assets and investment in website development and internal-use software. Our purchases of property, equipment, and intangible assets have increased in recent years as we scale our fulfillment capabilities to supply the increasing demand for our offerings.
Net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 was $13.7 million, which was due to net investment cash inflows of $591.3 million. This inflow was partially offset by $318.1 million for the acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired, related to the Eucalyptus acquisition and YourBio merger, $130.3 million in deferred consideration related to the Eucalyptus acquisition, $89.1 million in purchases of property, equipment, and intangible assets, investments of $18.9 million in website development and internal-use software, $11.2 million in purchases of equity securities, and $10.0 million in payments for investment earn-outs.
Net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $941.3 million, which was due to net investment cash outflows of $640.8 million, $166.7 million in purchases of property, equipment, and intangible assets, including the cash payments made in connection with the C S Bio Co. asset acquisition, $121.8 million for the acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired, primarily related to the Zava acquisition, and investments of $12.1 million in website development and internal-use software.
Cash flows from financing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 was $245.0 million, which was primarily due to proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of debt discount of $390.4 million, proceeds from exercise of vested stock options of $13.3 million, and proceeds from employee stock purchase plan of $3.8 million. This cash inflow was partially offset by payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards of $81.2 million, payments for acquisition-related earn-out consideration of $43.7 million, and purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes of $36.7 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $827.1 million, which was primarily due to proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of debt discount of $970.0 million, proceeds from exercise of vested stock options of $9.8 million, and proceeds from employee stock purchase plan of $3.0 million. This cash inflow was partially offset by payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards of $95.0 million, purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes of $47.8 million, repurchases of our Class A common stock of $9.5 million, and payments for debt issuance costs of $3.4 million.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Our contractual obligations and commitments include operating leases, earn-out consideration, deferred acquisition payable, and non-cancelable purchase obligations with remaining terms in excess of one year primarily related to cloud-based software contracts used in operations and minimum commitments for inventory purchases. Total contractual obligations and commitments as of September 30, 2026 were $1,077.3 million, of which $607.0 million was payable within 12 months.
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Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Management believes that the estimates, judgments, and assumptions upon which it relies are reasonable based upon information available to it at the time that these estimates, judgments, and assumptions were made. Actual results may differ from management’s estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements will be affected.
For a discussion of our critical accounting estimates, please refer to Item 7 under Part II, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2025 Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2025. Since December 31, 2025, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates.
For a discussion of our critical accounting estimates, please refer to Item 7 under Part II, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2025 Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2025. Since December 31, 2025, there have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to interest rate fluctuations relates primarily to our cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale investments.
We had cash and cash equivalents, short-term available-for-sale investments, and long-term available-for-sale investments totaling $712.2 million and $928.8 million, as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, which were held for working capital, capital expenditure, and general corporate purposes. As of September 30, 2026, our cash and cash equivalents are comprised of interest-bearing cash accounts and money market funds, and our short-term available-for-sale investments are comprised of government and government agency securities and corporate bonds. Our available-for-sale investments are made for capital preservation purposes. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes and we do not believe there is associated material exposure to interest rate risk.
In May 2025, we issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 0% convertible senior notes due 2030 (the “2030 Convertible Notes”), and in May 2026 we issued $402.5 million aggregate principal amount of 0% convertible senior notes due 2032 (the “2032 Convertible Notes” and, collectively with the 2030 Convertible Notes, the “Convertible Notes”). The Convertible Notes do not bear regular interest and their principal amount will not accrete; accordingly, we do not have economic interest rate exposure on the Convertible Notes. However, we may be required to pay special interest under certain circumstances in accordance with the terms of the Convertible Notes. For additional details on the Convertible Notes see Note 13 – Debt to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Foreign Currency Risk
While we have operations in the United Kingdom, Canada, the European Union, Australia, and Japan, a substantial majority of our operations are in the United States for the nine months ended September 30, 2026 and 2025. Accordingly, we believe we do not have a material exposure to foreign currency risk. We expect to continue to focus on international expansion in the future, which may increase our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in company reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
We do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent all errors and all instances of fraud. Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Further, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits must be considered relative to their costs. The design of disclosure controls and procedures also is
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based partly on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
As of September 30, 2026, as required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of such date. Management has concluded that the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods disclosed in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2026 covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II - Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information regarding legal proceedings in which we are involved.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
A description of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business and ownership of our Class A common stock is set forth below. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The occurrence of any of the events or developments described below could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and growth prospects. In such an event, the market price of our Class A common stock could decline. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of a number of factors, including the risks described below. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Summary of Principal Risk Factors
•We have experienced rapid growth in recent fiscal years and expect to continue to invest in our growth for the foreseeable future. High levels of growth may not be achieved in future periods and may not generate a corresponding improvement in our results of operations.
•We may not be able to maintain our profitability in any given period.
•Our results of operations, as well as the performance of our key metrics, may fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis, which may result in us failing to meet the expectations of industry and securities analysts or our investors.
•If we are unable to expand or maintain the scope of our offerings, including the number and type of products and services that we offer, the number and quality of Providers serving our customers, and the number and types of conditions capable of being treated through our platform, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
•If we are unable to successfully market to new customers and retain existing customers, or if evolving privacy, healthcare, or other laws or regulations prevent or limit our marketing activities, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed.
•We operate in highly competitive markets and face competition from large, well-established healthcare providers, traditional retailers, pharmaceutical providers and technology companies with significant resources, and, as a result, we may not be able to compete effectively.
•Our investments in and use of AI may not produce the benefits we expect and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
•Our brand is integral to our success. If we fail to effectively maintain, promote, and enhance our brand in a cost-effective manner, our business and competitive advantage may be harmed.
•If the Affiliated Medical Groups are unable to attract and retain high-quality Providers to perform services on our platform, or if we are unable to develop or maintain satisfactory relationships with these Providers or the Affiliated Medical Groups, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
•Acquisitions and investments could result in operating difficulties, dilution, and other harmful consequences that may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Additionally, if we are not able to identify and successfully acquire suitable businesses, our results of operations and prospects could be harmed.
•Expansion into international markets is important for our growth, and as we expand internationally, we will face additional business, political, legal, regulatory, operational, financial, and economic risks, any of which could increase our costs and hinder such growth.
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•We operate in a highly regulated, dynamic environment and are subject to an increasing number of laws and regulations as a result of the various components of our existing business, including telehealth, pharmacy, compounding, our expansion into new areas such as controlled substances, peptide development and laboratory testing services and operations, our expansion into AI, and our expansion into new markets. If we fail to comply with applicable laws and/or governmental regulations, we could face substantial penalties, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected, and we may be required to restructure our operations.
•We have been, and in the future may be, subject to actions and public statements by U.S. federal and state government officials and agencies, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation.
•From time to time we are subject to legal and regulatory proceedings and inquiries, any of which may be costly to defend and could materially harm our business and results of operations.
•Disruption in our global supply chain, supply chain concentration, and changes to tax or trade policy could negatively impact our business.
•If any of our Facilities are unable to obtain and/or maintain necessary licenses and permits, or if any of the Facilities or our operations fail to comply with applicable laws and regulatory requirements, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
•Evolving government regulations and enforcement activities may require increased costs or adversely affect our results of operations. As our operations grow in breadth and scale, we may be unable to keep pace with increasingly complex and extensive compliance and regulatory obligations, which could expose us to penalties and restrictions on our business.
•Our use, disclosure, and other processing of personal information, including health information, is subject to extensive U.S. federal, state, provincial, and foreign privacy and security laws and regulations, and any alleged or actual failure to comply with those requirements could materially adversely affect our business.
•Security breaches, loss of data, and other disruptions, including attacks facilitated by AI, could compromise sensitive information related to our business or customers, disrupt or impair our operations, or prevent us from accessing critical information and expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation.
•We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
•Our dual class common stock structure has the effect of concentrating voting power with our Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder, Andrew Dudum, which limits an investor’s ability to influence the outcome of important transactions, including a change in control.
•The market price of our Class A common stock has been and may continue to be volatile.
Risks Related to Our Business
We have experienced rapid growth in recent fiscal years and expect to continue to invest in our growth for the foreseeable future. High levels of growth may not be achieved in future periods and may not generate a corresponding improvement in our results of operations.
We have experienced a period of rapid growth in our revenue, operations and headcount in recent fiscal years. We grew our revenue from $872.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, to $1,476.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, to $2,347.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2025. Our number of employees has also increased significantly over the last few years, from 1,046 employees as of December 31, 2023 to 2,442 employees as of December 31, 2025. We have also completed multiple acquisitions, expanded into new specialties, geographies, and markets, and significantly increased the size of our customer base.
We have encountered and will continue to encounter significant risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing and heavily regulated industries, such as attracting new customers and Providers to our platform, retaining our customers and encouraging them to utilize new offerings we make available, increasing the number of conditions
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that can be treated by Providers through our platform, operating our Facilities and the compounding and distribution of pharmaceutical products, competition from other companies, including online healthcare providers and traditional healthcare providers, hiring, integrating, training, and retaining skilled personnel, verifying the identity of customers and credentials of Providers serving our customers, developing new solutions, determining prices for our solutions, unforeseen expenses, challenges in forecasting accuracy, and new or adverse regulatory developments affecting the use of telehealth, pharmaceutical products or operations, including compounding, controlled substances, data privacy, use of AI, peptide development, laboratory testing services or other aspects of the healthcare industry across markets. Additional risks include our ability to effectively manage growth and process, store, protect, and use personal data in compliance with governmental regulation, contractual obligations, and other legal obligations related to privacy and security. If our assumptions regarding these and other similar risks and uncertainties that relate to our business, which we use to plan our business, are incorrect or change as we gain more experience operating our platform or continue to expand into the treatment of new conditions, or if we do not address these challenges successfully, our operating and financial results could differ materially from our expectations and our business could suffer.
We anticipate that we will continue to significantly expand our operations in the near-to-medium term. This growth has placed, and future growth will place, a significant strain on our management, administrative, operational, and financial infrastructure. Our success will depend in part on our ability to continue to manage this growth effectively and execute our business plan. There can be no assurance that these efforts will be successful or that we will not encounter operational difficulties that may have a negative impact on growth and profitability. To manage the expected growth of our operations, we will need to continue to improve our operational, financial, and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures, and we will need to ensure that we maintain high levels of customer support. Failure to effectively manage growth and execute our business plan could result in difficulty or delays in increasing the size of our customer base, declines in quality of customer support or customer satisfaction, increases in costs, difficulties in introducing new products or services, or other operational difficulties, and any of these difficulties could adversely affect our business performance and results of operations.
If we are unable to expand or maintain the scope of our offerings, including the number and type of products and services that we offer, the number and quality of Providers serving our customers, and the number and types of conditions capable of being treated through our platform, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
We provide customers with access to non-prescription products, telehealth-based consultations with Providers, laboratory testing services, and certain prescription products that may be prescribed by Providers in connection with telehealth consultations. In order for our business to continue growing, we need to maintain and continue expanding the scope of products and services we offer our customers, including telehealth consultations, prescription medication for additional conditions, and non-prescription health and wellness products and services. The introduction of new products, services, or technologies, incluuptive technologies by market participants, including us, can quickly make our products and services obsolete and unmarketable. Additionally, changes in laws and regulations (or interpretation or enforcement thereof) could impact the usefulness of our platform or offerings and could necessitate changes or modifications to our platform or offerings to accommodate such changes. Alternatively, the introduction of new products, services or technologies could expose us to new or increased regulatory risks, including with respect to healthcare, privacy, or consumer protection laws, either through the provision of such products, services, or technologies, or by virtue of the new or expanded personal and health information we acquire from customers to support such offerings. We invest substantial resources in researching and developing new offerings and enhancing our solutions by incorporating additional features, improving functionality, and adding other improvements to meet our customers’ evolving demands. The success of any enhancements or improvements to our services or any new offerings depends on a number of factors, including timely completion, competitive pricing, adequate quality testing, integration with new and existing technologies, regulatory compliance, and overall market acceptance. We may not succeed in developing, marketing, and delivering on a timely and cost-effective basis enhancements or improvements to our products or services or any new offerings that respond to continued changes in market demands or new customer requirements, and any enhancements or improvements to our products or services or any new offerings may not achieve market acceptance. Since developing enhancements to our products and services and the launch of new offerings can be complex, the timetable for the release of new offerings and enhancements to our existing products and services is difficult to predict, and we may not launch new offerings and updates as rapidly as our current or prospective customers require or expect.
The regulatory landscape applicable to compounded GLP-1s continues to rapidly evolve, which could result in penalties, changes to our business practices or other adverse consequences. We began offering certain compounded GLP-1 offerings in May 2024 as part of our U.S. weight loss offering. We currently only use 503A compounding pharmacies for the fulfillment and dispensing of compounded GLP-1 products. In February 2026, the FDA issued a statement indicating that the agency intends to restrict GLP-1 active pharmaceutical ingredients intended for use in non-FDA-approved compounded drugs that are
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being mass-marketed as similar alternatives to FDA-approved drugs. We were directly named in the FDA Statement. Also in February 2026, the General Counsel of HHS issued a statement on X indicating that HHS had referred us to the DOJ for investigation for potential violations of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and applicable Title 18 provisions. At this time, it is unclear what actions the FDA, HHS, or DOJ may take; however, any such actions could require significant resources to address and may result in reputational harm, operational disruptions, or increased costs.
In March 2026, we announced a strategic shift for our U.S. weight loss offering. As a result, we evolved our United States weight loss offering to match our global approach towards providing access to branded GLP-1 medications, and offering access to compounded GLP-1 products through the platform on a limited scale. In addition, we launched a membership program for our weight loss offerings. In connection with the strategic shift and membership program, we face risks related to customer acquisition, pricing, and retention. Customers who previously accessed compounded alternatives may be unwilling or unable to transition to branded therapies, which could adversely affect demand, conversion rates, and revenue. In addition, our margins may be impacted by the cost of procuring branded medications and limitations on our ability to pass through price increases. We may also experience operational and financial variability during this transition, including changes in customer behavior, increased churn, or reduced engagement. Further, our reliance on third-party manufacturers and supply chains for branded GLP-1 products exposes us to potential supply disruptions, pricing changes, and contractual limitations outside of our control.
Any new offerings or product or service enhancements that we develop may not be introduced in a timely or cost-effective manner, may contain errors or defects, or may not achieve the market acceptance necessary to generate sufficient revenue. In addition, any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with any foreign, federal, state, or local laws or regulations with respect to any new offering or product or service enhancement could adversely affect our reputation, brand, and business, and may result in claims, proceedings, or actions against us by governmental entities, consumers, suppliers, competitors, or others or other liabilities that may require us to change our operations and/or cease offering certain products or services. Moreover, even if we introduce new offerings, we may experience a decline in revenue of our existing offerings that is not offset by revenue from the new offerings. In addition, we may lose existing customers who choose a competitor’s products and services. This could result in a temporary or permanent revenue shortfall and adversely affect our business.
If we are unable to successfully market to new customers and retain existing customers, or if evolving privacy, healthcare, or other laws or regulations prevent or limit our marketing activities, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed.
We generate revenue from our platform by selling non-prescription health and personal care products to consumers and offering consumers a technology-driven platform to access telehealth consultations with Providers, who may prescribe customers certain prescription medications or order laboratory tests. Unless we are able to attract new customers and retain existing customers, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be harmed.
In order to attract new customers and make available information about our offerings to existing customers to purchase our offerings, we use social media, emails, text messages, influencers, television commercials, and other marketing strategies to reach potential and existing customers. Foreign, federal and state laws and regulations governing the privacy and security of personal information, including healthcare data, are evolving rapidly and could impact our ability to identify and market to potential and existing customers. Similarly, certain foreign, federal and state laws regulate, and in some cases limit, the use of discounts, promotions, and other marketing strategies in the healthcare industry. If foreign, federal, state, or local laws or regulations governing our marketing activities become more restrictive or are interpreted by governmental authorities to prohibit or limit these activities, our ability to attract new customers and retain customers would be affected and our business could be materially harmed. In addition, any failure, or perceived failure, by us or other telehealth companies to comply with any foreign, federal, state, or local laws or regulations governing our marketing activities could adversely affect the perception of our industry, our reputation, brand, and business. We have received, and may in the future face, claims alleging violations of foreign, federal, state or local laws related to tracking technologies. While we do not expect any such claims of violations to have a material impact on our business, financial condition, or results of operations, any claims, proceedings, or actions against us by governmental entities, consumers, suppliers, competitors, or others, or other liabilities, may require us to change our operations and/or cease using certain marketing strategies.
Changes to social networking, advertising platforms’ or mobile device or other operating systems’ terms of use; terms of service or traffic algorithms that limit promotional communications or impose restrictions that would limit our ability or our customers’ ability to send communications through their platforms; disruptions or downtime experienced by these platforms; or reductions in the use of or engagement with social networking or advertising platforms by customers and potential customers could also harm our business. Additionally, changes in regulations or the business practices of third parties could limit our ability, and the ability of search engines and social media platforms, to collect data from users and engage in targeted
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advertising, which could negatively impact the effectiveness of our digital marketing. For example, in 2025, Meta implemented changes to the use of certain types of health-related data for ad targeting purposes. The regulation of the use of cookies and other current online tracking and advertising practices, or a loss in our ability to make effective use of services that employ such practices, could adversely affect our business if we are unable to adjust our marketing practices accordingly. As laws and regulations rapidly evolve to govern the use of these channels, the failure by us, our employees or third parties acting at our direction to abide by applicable laws and regulations in the use of these channels could adversely affect our reputation or subject us to fines or other penalties. In addition, our employees or third parties acting at our direction may knowingly or inadvertently make use of social media in ways that could lead to the loss or infringement of intellectual property, as well as the public disclosure of proprietary, confidential, or sensitive personal information of our business, employees, consumers or others. Any such inappropriate use of social media, emails, and text messages could also cause reputational damage and adversely affect our business.
Additionally, we collect consumer data, including email addresses and phone numbers, to further our marketing efforts with such consumers. If we fail to adequately or accurately collect such data or if our data collection systems are breached or information therein is misused, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed. Further, any failure, or perceived failure, by us, or any third parties processing such data, to comply with privacy policies or with any foreign, federal or state healthcare, privacy or consumer protection-related laws, regulations, industry self-regulatory principles, industry standards or codes of conduct, regulatory guidance, orders to which we may be subject or other legal obligations relating to privacy, consumer consent, or consumer protection could adversely affect our reputation, brand, and business, and may result in claims, proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities, consumers, suppliers, or others, or other liabilities, or may require us to change our operations and/or cease using certain data sets.
Use of social media and influencers may materially and adversely affect our reputation or subject us to fines or other penalties.
We use third-party social media platforms as part of our marketing strategy. For example, our brands maintain Instagram, Facebook, YouTube and TikTok accounts. We also maintain relationships with many social media influencers and engage in sponsorship initiatives. As existing e-commerce and social media platforms continue to rapidly evolve and new platforms develop, we expect to maintain a presence on these existing platforms and an important part of our marketing strategy is to establish and maintain a presence on new or emerging popular social media platforms. If we are unable to cost-effectively use social media platforms as marketing tools, if the social media platforms we use change their policies or algorithms, or if evolving laws and regulations limit how we can market through these channels, if at all, we may not be able to fully optimize our use of such platforms and our ability to retain current customers and acquire new customers may suffer. Any such failure could adversely affect our reputation, revenue, and results of operations.
In addition, an increase in our use of social media for product promotion and marketing may increase the burden on us to monitor compliance of such materials, and increase the risk that such materials could contain problematic product or marketing claims in violation of applicable regulations. For example, in some cases, the Federal Trade Commission has sought enforcement action where an endorsement has failed to clearly and conspicuously disclose a financial relationship or material connection between an influencer and an advertiser. FDA may also bring enforcement actions for false or misleading advertising and promotion of prescription drugs, including compounded drugs, and medical devices. In recent years, FDA has issued multiple untitled letters related to false or misleading promotion by influencers and/or using social media and is increasingly focused on claims made in direct-to-consumer advertisements. Although we contract with and monitor our influencers’ posts on social media, they may fail to comply with our content-related requirements, and if we were held responsible for any false, misleading, or otherwise unlawful content of their posts or their actions, we could be fined or subjected to other monetary liabilities or required to alter our practices, which could have an adverse impact on our business and reputation.
A failure to accurately identify promising influencers to use and endorse our offerings or a failure to enter into cost-effective influencer arrangements may have an adverse effect on our reputation or business. Moreover, the cost to enter into arrangements with influencers may increase over time, which could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Promoting prescription medicines via influencers is strictly prohibited in the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Canada. Regulators have increased scrutiny of social media posts, sponsored content, and discount codes that illegally advertise prescription medicines to the public, particularly for high-profile prescription medicines such as weight loss treatments. Influencer endorsements for prescription medicines constitute a breach of advertising law and can lead to investigations, compliance notices, and enforcement actions. While over-the-counter (OTC) medicines and medical devices may be promoted
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using influencers, this is only permitted under strict advertising and disclosure rules. The promotion of prescription medicines is restricted to communications directed at healthcare professionals, not the general public. Any failure to comply with applicable advertising, promotion, or disclosure laws in these jurisdictions could subject us to regulatory investigations, fines, reputational harm, and restrictions on our marketing activities.
In order to maintain and grow our business, we must maintain credibility and confidence among customers, analysts, investors, and other parties in our long-term financial viability and business prospects. In particular, our offerings, business, results of operations, and statements and actions of our company and management are subject to significant amounts of commentary by a range of third parties. Negative commentary or publicity regarding our business, the industry in which we operate, our offerings, members of our management team, members of our board of directors, advisors, or influencers who endorse our products and other third parties who are affiliated with or endorse us, may also be posted on social media platforms or appear in other media. Influencers with whom we maintain endorsement arrangements could engage in behavior or use their platforms to communicate with our customers in a manner that reflects poorly on our brand and may be attributed to us or otherwise adversely affect our reputation. Any such commentary could impact our reputation or brand and affect our ability to attract and retain customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
If we are unable to continue to expand our marketing infrastructure, we may fail to increase the usage of our platform to meet our forecasts.
In the United States, we derive a substantial majority of our revenue from customers’ subscription-based purchases of prescription products made available through our platform. We expect to continue to expand the conditions for which customers can seek treatment from Providers through our platform, and as a result, new customer acquisition is integral to our business. Our financial condition and results of operations are and will continue to be highly dependent on the ability of our marketing function to adequately promote, market, and attract customers to our platform and offerings in a manner that complies with applicable laws and regulations and at a cost that does not exceed our current budget allocated to marketing.
A key element of our business strategy is the continued expansion of our marketing infrastructure to drive customer enrollment. As we increase our marketing efforts in connection with the expansion of our platform offerings, we will need to further expand the reach of our marketing networks. Our future success in this area will depend on our ability to continue to hire, train, retain, and motivate a skilled marketing workforce with significant industry-specific knowledge in various areas, including direct-to-consumer business models, e-commerce, technology, healthcare, and the regulatory restrictions related thereto, as well as the competitive landscape for our solutions.
If we are unable to continue to expand our marketing capabilities, we may not be able to effectively expand the scope of our platform to attract new customers and give our existing customers access to additional treatment options. Relatedly, if any of our marketing platforms significantly increase their advertising fees, our ability to expand our marketing reach will be greatly impeded. Any such failure could adversely affect our reputation, revenue, and results of operations.
Our brand is integral to our success. If we fail to effectively maintain, promote, and enhance our brand in a cost-effective manner, our business and competitive advantage may be harmed.
We believe that maintaining and enhancing our reputation and brand recognition is critical to our relationships with existing customers, Providers, strategic partners, Partner Pharmacies, and other suppliers, and to our ability to attract new customers, Providers, strategic partners, Partner Pharmacies, and other suppliers. The promotion of our brand requires us to make substantial investments, and we anticipate that, given the highly competitive nature of our market, these marketing initiatives may become more challenging to execute successfully and increasingly expensive. Brand promotion and marketing activities may not be successful or yield increased revenue, and to the extent that these activities yield increased revenue, the increased revenue may not offset the expenses we incur and our results of operations could be harmed. In addition, any factor that diminishes our reputation or that of our management, including failing to meet the expectations of our customers, Providers, or partners, could harm our reputation and brand and make it substantially more difficult for us to attract new customers, Providers, and partners. (See “–Use of social media and influencers may materially and adversely affect our reputation or subject us to fines or other penalties”). Additionally, unexpected side effects or safety or efficacy concerns with our offerings, including compounded injectable semaglutide or GLP-1s as a class, significant changes in demand, litigation or regulatory proceedings and investigations, negative publicity, recalls, pressure from existing or new competitive products, or changes in labeling or pricing for these medications, could materially impact our reputation, which could negatively affect our business, stock price, prospects, and/or our results of operations. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our reputation and brand
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recognition in a cost-effective manner, our business may not grow and we could lose our relationships with customers, Providers, and partners, which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The failure of our offerings to achieve and maintain market acceptance could result in us achieving revenue below our expectations, which could cause our business, financial condition, and results of operations to be materially and adversely affected.
Our current business strategy is highly dependent on our platform and offerings achieving and maintaining market acceptance. Market acceptance and adoption of our business model and our offerings may depend on educating potential customers who may find our offerings useful, as well as potential partners, suppliers, and Providers, as to the distinct features, ease-of-use, positive lifestyle impact, cost savings, and other perceived benefits of our offerings as compared to those of competitors. If we are not successful in demonstrating to existing and potential customers the benefits of our offerings, our revenue may decline or we may fail to increase our revenue in line with our forecasts.
Achieving and maintaining market acceptance of our model and our offerings could be negatively impacted by many factors, including:
•perceived risks associated with the use of our platform, telehealth or similar technologies generally, including those related to privacy, customer data (including personal and health information), and the use of AI;
•perceived risks associated with compounded medications, including the prescribing, compounding, safety, efficacy, fulfillment, distribution, and marketing of such medications;
•our inability to expand into new conditions and/or to attract and retain qualified Providers;
•regulatory developments that affect our business, including in healthcare, data privacy and security, consumer protection, and AI;
•competitors offering telehealth options or technologies for customers and the rate of acceptance of those solutions as compared to our platform;
•perceived difficulty or complexity of obtaining a medical consultation or prescription on our platform;
•dissatisfaction with our pricing or billing practices;
•the ability of the Facilities to meet inventory and product fulfillment expectations;
•negative reviews of Providers treating our customers;
•perceived ethical questions and potential negative public perception surrounding the use of customer data and AI; and
•unsatisfactory suggestions made by AI tools.
In addition, our business model and the offerings we make available may be perceived by potential customers, Providers, suppliers, and partners to be less trustworthy or effective than traditional medical care or competitive telehealth options, and people may be unwilling to change their current health regimens or adopt our offerings. Consumers who have healthcare insurance coverage may not wish to use our platform to access healthcare services or products for which insurance reimbursement is not available. Moreover, we believe that Providers can be slow to change their treatment practices or approaches because of perceived liability risks or distrust of departures from traditional practice. Accordingly, we may face resistance to our offerings from brick-and-mortar Providers.
The market for our model and services is relatively new, rapidly evolving, and increasingly competitive, as the healthcare industry in the United States is undergoing significant structural change and consolidation, which makes it difficult to forecast demand for our offerings.
The market for our model is relatively new, rapidly evolving and increasingly competitive. We are expanding our business by offering technology-driven access to consultation and treatment options for new conditions, including the utilization and integration of AI in our offerings, but it is uncertain whether our offerings will achieve and sustain high levels of demand and market adoption. Our future financial performance depends in part on growth in this market, our ability to market effectively and in a cost-efficient manner, and our ability to adapt to emerging demands of existing and potential customers and the evolving regulatory landscape. It is difficult to predict the future growth rate and size of our target market. Negative publicity concerning telehealth generally, our offerings (including compounded offerings), customer success on our platform, or our market as a whole could limit market acceptance of our business model and offerings. If our customers do not perceive the benefits of our offerings, or if our offerings do not drive customer use and enrollment, then our market and our customer base may not continue to develop, or they may develop more slowly than we expect. Our success depends in part on the willingness
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of Providers and healthcare organizations to partner with us, increase their use of telehealth and pharmaceutical compounding, and our ability to demonstrate the value of our technology to Providers, as well as our existing and potential customers. If Providers, healthcare organizations or regulators work in opposition to us or if we are unable to reduce healthcare costs or drive positive health outcomes for our customers, then the market for our offerings may not continue to develop, or it might develop more slowly than we expect. Similarly, negative publicity regarding customer confidentiality and privacy in the context of telehealth and AI could limit market acceptance of our business model and offerings.
The healthcare industry in the United States is continually undergoing or threatened with significant structural change and is rapidly evolving. We believe demand for our offerings has been driven in part by rapidly growing costs in the traditional healthcare system, difficulties accessing the healthcare system, patient stigma associated with sensitive medical conditions, the movement toward patient-centricity and personalized healthcare, advances in technology, and general movement to telehealth. Widespread acceptance of personalized healthcare enabled by technology and pharmaceutical compounding is critical to our future growth and success. A reduction in the growth of technology-enabled personalized healthcare could reduce the demand for our services and result in a lower revenue growth rate or decreased revenue. Additionally, in the United States, the majority of our revenue is driven by products and services offered through our platform on a subscription basis, and the adoption of subscription business models is still relatively new, especially in the healthcare industry. If customers do not shift to subscription business models and subscription health management tools do not achieve widespread adoption, or if there is a reduction in demand for subscription products and services or subscription health management tools, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Additionally, if healthcare or healthcare benefits trends shift or entirely new technologies are developed that replace existing offerings, our existing or future products or services could be rendered obsolete and require that we materially change our technology or business model. If we are unable to do so, our business could be adversely affected. In addition, we may experience difficulties with software development, industry standards, design or marketing that could delay or prevent our development, introduction, or implementation of new options on our platform and any enhancements thereto. Any such difficulties may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Competitive platforms or other technological breakthroughs for the monitoring, management, treatment, or prevention of medical conditions may adversely affect demand for our offerings.
Our ability to achieve our strategic objectives will depend, among other things, on our ability to continue to enable fast and efficient telehealth consultations, maintain comprehensive and affordable offerings, ensure the successful operation of the Facilities, and deliver an accessible and reliable platform that is more appealing and user-friendly than available alternatives. Our competitors, as well as a number of other companies and providers, within and outside the healthcare industry, are pursuing new devices, delivery technologies, sensing technologies, procedures, treatments, drugs, and other therapies for the monitoring and treatment of medical conditions. Any technological breakthroughs in monitoring, treatment, or prevention of medical conditions, including through disruptive technologies such as AI, that we are unable to similarly leverage could reduce the potential market for our offerings, which could significantly reduce our revenue and our potential to grow certain aspects of our business.
The introduction by competitors of solutions or offerings that are or claim to be superior to our platform or offerings may create market confusion, which may make it difficult for potential customers to differentiate between the benefits of our offerings and the benefits of other competitive solutions. In addition, the entry of multiple new products may lead some of our competitors to employ pricing strategies that could adversely affect the pricing of products and services we make available. If a competitor develops a product or business that competes with or is perceived to be superior to our offerings, or if a competitor employs strategies that place downward pressure on pricing within our industry, our revenue may decline significantly or may not increase in line with our forecasts, either of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We operate in highly competitive markets and face competition from large, well-established healthcare providers, traditional retailers, pharmaceutical providers, and technology companies with significant resources, and, as a result, we may not be able to compete effectively.
The markets for healthcare and technology are intensely competitive, subject to rapid change, and significantly affected by new product and technological introductions and other market activities of industry participants. We compete directly not only with other established telehealth providers but also traditional healthcare providers, pharmacies, pharmaceutical companies, clinical
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laboratories, large retailers that sell non-prescription products, including, for example, over-the-counter medical devices, nutritional supplements, vitamins, and hair care treatments, as well as technology companies entering into the health and wellness industry. Our current competitors include traditional healthcare providers expanding into the telehealth market, incumbent telehealth providers, as well as new entrants into our market that are focused on direct-to-consumer healthcare or healthcare technology. Our competitors further include enterprise-focused companies that may enter the direct-to-consumer healthcare industry, pharmaceutical companies that have entered the direct-to-consumer healthcare industry, as well as direct-to-consumer healthcare providers and technology companies. We may also increasingly be viewed by pharmaceutical companies as competing with them as customers seek out personalized solutions. Many of our current and potential competitors may have greater name and brand recognition, longer operating histories, or significantly greater resources than we do, or may be able to offer products and services similar to those offered on our platform at more attractive prices than we can. Further, our current or potential competitors may be acquired by third parties with greater available resources, which has occurred and may continue to occur in our industry. In addition, our competitors have established, and may in the future establish, cooperative relationships with vendors of complementary products, technologies, or services to increase the availability of their solutions in the marketplace. As a result, our competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than we can to new or changing opportunities, technologies, standards, or customer requirements and may have the ability to initiate or withstand substantial price competition.
New competitors or alliances may emerge that have greater market share, a larger customer base, more widely adopted proprietary technologies, greater marketing expertise, and greater financial resources, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage.
Our ability to compete effectively depends on our ability to distinguish our company and our offerings from our competitors and their products, and includes factors such as:
•accessibility, ease of use and convenience;
•price and affordability;
•personalization;
•brand recognition;
•long-term outcomes;
•breadth and efficacy of offerings;
•perceived and actual product quality and safety;
•market penetration;
•marketing resources and effectiveness;
•partnerships and alliances;
•relationships with Providers, suppliers and partners; and
•regulatory compliance resources.
If we are unable to successfully compete with existing and potential competitors, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our investments in and use of AI may not produce the benefits we expect and could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We have made, and expect to continue to make, significant investments in AI-enabled capabilities to enhance the customer experience, improve customer service and operational efficiency, support provider and internal workflows, develop new products and features, and strengthen our technology platform. By leveraging data generated through our integrated platform, we seek to improve the performance and effectiveness of our products, services, and technology platform. These investments have required and will require significant expenditures on technology, infrastructure, and specialized talent, and may take longer than expected to develop, deploy, or achieve meaningful adoption or commercial benefit. If these investments fail to produce the benefits we expect or generate an adequate return on the anticipated timeline, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
The development and deployment of AI involve significant risks, and there can be no assurance that our AI-enabled capabilities will perform as intended or improve our products, services, operations, or profitability. AI may produce inaccurate, incomplete,
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or misleading outputs, biased results, or other unintended outcomes that adversely affect customer interactions, provider workflows, operational efficiency, or other aspects of our business. Any actual or perceived failure of our AI-enabled capabilities, or concerns regarding the use of AI in healthcare, could result in customer dissatisfaction, regulatory scrutiny, litigation, reputational harm, or increased operating costs. The continuous development, testing, maintenance, and deployment of our AI-enabled capabilities may also increase the cost profile of our offerings and may involve unforeseen difficulties or errors.
The legal and regulatory framework governing AI is rapidly evolving, and existing or future laws relating to healthcare, telehealth, consumer protection, intellectual property, advertising, privacy, and AI may apply to our AI-enabled products and services in ways that remain uncertain. See the risk factor titled “Our use, disclosure, and other processing of personal information, including health information, is subject to federal, provincial, state, and foreign privacy and security regulations, and our failure to comply with those regulations or to adequately secure the information we hold could result in significant liability or reputational harm and, in turn, a material adverse effect on our customers, the Affiliated Medical Groups and/or their Providers, the Pharmacies, our revenue, our business, and/or our financial condition.” Complying with new or evolving legal requirements may require us to modify, delay, or discontinue certain AI-enabled capabilities, increase our compliance costs, or otherwise adversely affect our business.
Our AI initiatives also depend on our ability to attract and retain specialized talent and maintain access to third-party technologies and infrastructure, including AI models, cloud computing services, and processing hardware, and we face significant competition from companies developing AI-enabled healthcare and digital health technologies. If our AI strategy, investments, or AI-enabled capabilities fail to perform as expected, are delayed, do not compete effectively with our competitors’ offerings, fail to gain customer or provider acceptance, or otherwise do not achieve the benefits we expect, our business, reputation, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We are dependent on our relationships with the Affiliated Medical Groups, which we do not own, to provide healthcare consultation services, and our business could be adversely affected if those relationships were disrupted.
In certain jurisdictions, the corporate practice of medicine doctrine generally prohibits non-physicians from practicing medicine, including by employing physicians to provide clinical services, directing the clinical practice of physicians, or holding an ownership interest in an entity that employs or contracts with physicians. Some states have similar doctrines with respect to other professional licensure categories, including behavioral health services. Other practices, such as professionals splitting their professional fees with a non-professional, are also prohibited in some jurisdictions. Many states also limit the extent to which nurse practitioners and physician assistants can practice independently and require that they practice under the supervision of or in collaboration with a supervising physician.
Through our platform, our customers gain access to one or more licensed Providers, including physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and behavioral health providers for telehealth consultations conducted by video, phone, and/or store-and-forward technology. These Providers are employed by or contracted with Affiliated Medical Groups. We enter into certain contractual arrangements with the Affiliated Medical Groups and their provider owners, including an administrative services agreement with each Affiliated Medical Group for the exclusive provision by us of non-clinical services and support for the Affiliated Medical Groups. While we expect that these relationships with the Affiliated Medical Groups will continue, we cannot guarantee that they will. We believe that our arrangements with the Affiliated Medical Groups have been structured to comply with applicable law and allow the Providers the ability to maintain exclusive authority regarding the provision of clinical healthcare services (including consults that may lead to the writing of prescriptions), but there can be no assurance that government entities or courts would find our approach to be consistent with their interpretation of, and enforcement activities or initiatives related to, these laws and the corporate practice of medicine doctrine or similar prohibitions. If our arrangements are deemed to be inconsistent with any applicable government entity’s interpretation of a law or regulation prohibiting the corporate practice of medicine, a fee-splitting law, or similar regulatory prohibitions, we would need to restructure the arrangements with the Affiliated Medical Groups to create a compliant arrangement or terminate the arrangement, and we could face fines or other penalties in connection with such arrangements. A material change in our relationships with the Affiliated Medical Groups, whether resulting from a dispute, a change in government regulation or enforcement patterns, a determination of non-compliance, or the loss of these agreements or business relationships, could impair our ability to provide products and services to our customers and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Violations of the prohibition on corporate practice of medicine doctrine, fee-splitting, or similar laws may impose penalties (e.g., fines or license suspension) on Providers, which could discourage professionals from entering into arrangements with the Affiliated Medical Groups and using our platform and could result in lawsuits by Providers against the Affiliated Medical
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Groups and us. These laws and regulations are subject to change and enforcement based upon political, regulatory, and other influences, and have been the subject of a recent increase in focus and action by a number of state legislatures. More restrictive treatment of healthcare professionals’ relationships with non-professionals such as our company in the healthcare services delivery context could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
If the Affiliated Medical Groups are unable to attract and retain high-quality Providers to perform services on our platform, or if we are unable to develop or maintain satisfactory relationships with these Providers or the Affiliated Medical Groups, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Our success depends on our continued ability to maintain customer access to a network of qualified Providers, which includes medical doctors, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and licensed behavioral health providers. If the Affiliated Medical Groups are unable to recruit and retain licensed physicians and other qualified Providers to perform services on our platform, it could have a material adverse effect on our business and ability to grow and could adversely affect our results of operations. In any particular market, Providers could demand higher payments from the Affiliated Medical Groups or take other actions that could result in higher medical costs, less attractive service for our customers, or difficulty meeting regulatory requirements. Our ability to develop and maintain satisfactory relationships with Providers and the Affiliated Medical Groups also may be negatively impacted by other factors not associated with us, such as pressures on Providers, consolidation activity among hospitals, physician groups, and other healthcare providers, changes in the patterns of delivery and payment for healthcare services, and any perceived liability risks associated with the use of telehealth. The failure to maintain or to secure new cost-effective arrangements with the Affiliated Medical Groups that engage the Providers on our platform may result in a loss of, or inability to grow, our customer base, higher costs, less attractive service for our customers and/or difficulty in meeting regulatory requirements, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The activities and quality of Providers treating our customers and Facilities performing fulfillment and distribution, including any potentially unethical or illegal practices, could damage our brand, subject us to liability, and harm our business and financial results.
Our business entails the risk of professional liability claims against the Affiliated Medical Groups, the Providers they engage on our platform, our Partner Pharmacies, our Facilities (and associated personnel, including pharmacists), the third-party suppliers and manufacturers of certain products on our platform, including prescription pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter drugs, over-the-counter devices, cosmetics, and dietary supplements (collectively, “Manufacturing Suppliers”), and us. Although we carry insurance covering medical malpractice claims in amounts that we believe are appropriate in light of the risks attendant to our business, successful professional liability or other claims could result in substantial damage awards that exceed the limits of our insurance coverage. In addition, professional liability insurance is expensive and insurance premiums may increase significantly in the future, particularly as we expand the scope of our services and the number of conditions for which we provide access to treatment. As a result, adequate professional liability insurance may not be available to the Affiliated Medical Groups, the Providers, our Facilities, our Partner Pharmacies, Manufacturing Suppliers or to us in the future at acceptable costs or at all.
Any claims made against us, our Partner Pharmacies, our Facilities (and associated personnel, including pharmacists), Manufacturing Suppliers, the Affiliated Medical Groups, and/or the Providers that are not fully covered by insurance could be costly to defend against, result in substantial damage awards against us, and divert the attention of our management, our Partner Pharmacies, our Facilities, Manufacturing Suppliers, Affiliated Medical Groups, and/or Providers from their respective operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, claims against us, even if covered by insurance, may adversely affect our business, brand, or reputation, and divert the attention of our management, our Partner Pharmacies, our Facilities, Manufacturing Suppliers, Affiliated Medical Groups, and/or Providers. If our customers have negative experiences on our platform as a result of the activities or quality of Providers, including any allegations of potentially unethical or illegal practices, such negative experiences could subject us to liability and negatively affect our brand, our ability to attract new customers, and our ability to retain existing customers.
Any failure to offer high-quality support may adversely affect our relationships with customers and Providers, and in turn our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
In using our platform, our customers depend on our customer support to resolve issues in a timely manner. We may be unable to respond quickly enough to accommodate short-term increases in demand for customer support. We also may be unable to
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modify the nature, scope, and delivery of our offerings or customer support to compete with changes in solutions provided by our competitors. Increased customer demand for support could increase costs and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our revenue is highly dependent on our reputation and on positive recommendations from our customers, the Providers on our platform, and partners. Any failure to maintain high-quality customer support, or a market perception that we do not maintain high-quality customer support, could adversely affect our reputation, our ability to sell the offerings on our platform, and in turn our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our business could be adversely affected if Providers were classified as employees of the Affiliated Medical Groups instead of independent contractors.
The Affiliated Medical Groups typically engage Providers that perform services through our platform as independent contractors. The Affiliated Medical Groups believe that the Providers are independent contractors because, among other things, they can choose whether, when, and where to provide services on our platform and are free to provide services on our competitors’ platforms. Nevertheless, recent legislative and judicial activity have in some jurisdictions created more restrictive standards or enforcement uncertainty with respect to the classification of workers within certain industries. The Affiliated Medical Groups may not be successful in defending the independent contractor status of Providers in some or all jurisdictions in which we and/or they operate. Furthermore, the costs associated with defending, settling, or resolving pending and future lawsuits (including demands for arbitration) relating to the independent contractor status of Providers could be material to the Affiliated Medical Groups. Foreign, state, and local laws governing the definition or classification of independent contractors, or changes thereto, or judicial decisions regarding independent contractor classification, could require classification of Providers as employees (or workers or quasi-employees where those statuses exist) of the Affiliated Medical Groups. If the Affiliated Medical Groups are required to classify Providers as employees (or as workers or quasi-employees where applicable), it could result in significant additional expenses, potentially including expenses associated with the application of wage and hour laws (including minimum wage, overtime, and meal and rest period requirements), employee benefits, social security contributions, taxes, and penalties. Further, any such reclassification could add significant complexity to our business model and could force us to have to modify or renegotiate our relationships with the Affiliated Medical Groups, which may not be possible on mutually agreeable terms, and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Acquisitions and investments could result in operating difficulties, dilution, and other harmful consequences that may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Additionally, if we are not able to identify and successfully acquire suitable businesses, our results of operations and prospects could be harmed.
We have made, and may in the future make, acquisitions, potential strategic transactions and investments in the United States as well as in international markets, to add employees, complementary companies, operations, products, solutions, technologies, facilities, revenue, and/or assets to our business. These transactions could be material to our results of operations and financial condition. The identification of suitable acquisition or investment candidates can be difficult, time-consuming, and costly, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all, and may not realize the expected benefits of any such acquisitions or investments. The process of integrating acquired companies, businesses, or technologies has created, and will continue to create, unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures. The related areas where we face risks include, but are not limited to:
•diversion of management’s time and focus from operating our business to addressing acquisition negotiation and integration challenges;
•loss of key employees of the acquired company and other challenges associated with integrating new employees into our culture, as well as reputational harm if integration is not successful;
•difficulties in integrating and managing the combined operations, technologies, technology platforms, and products of the acquired companies, and realizing the anticipated economic, operational, and other benefits in a timely manner, which could result in substantial costs and delays or other operational, technical, or financial problems;
•regulatory complexities of integrating or managing the combined operations or expanding into other industries or parts of the healthcare industry;
•assumption of contractual obligations that contain terms that are not beneficial to us, require us to license or waive intellectual property rights, or increase our risk for liabilities;
•failure to successfully further develop any acquired technology or realize our intended business strategy;
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•uncertainty of entry into markets in which we have limited or no prior experience or in which competitors have stronger market positions;
•unanticipated costs associated with pursuing acquisitions;
•failure to find commercial success with the products or services of the acquired company;
•difficulty of transitioning the acquired technology onto our existing platforms and maintaining the security standards for such technology consistent with our other offerings;
•failure to successfully onboard customers or maintain brand quality of acquired companies;
•responsibility for the liabilities of acquired businesses, including those that were not disclosed to us or exceed our estimates, as well as, without limitation, liabilities arising out of an acquired business’ failure to maintain effective data protection and privacy controls and comply with applicable regulations;
•failure to generate the expected financial results related to an acquisition in a timely manner or at all; and
•potential accounting charges to the extent intangibles recorded in connection with an acquisition, such as goodwill, trademarks, client relationships, or intellectual property, are later determined to be impaired and written down in value.
Acquisitions can also result in expenditures of significant cash, issuances of equity or convertible securities (which can be dilutive to our existing stockholders), the incurrence of debt, restrictions on our business, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses, or impairments of goodwill, any of which could harm our financial condition. In addition, any acquisitions or investments could be viewed negatively by customers, Providers, partners, suppliers, or investors.
Additionally, competition within our industry for acquisitions of businesses, technologies and assets is and may continue to be intense. Even if we are able to identify an acquisition or investment that we would like to consummate, we may not be able to complete the transaction on commercially reasonable terms or the target may be acquired by another company. We may enter into negotiations for acquisitions or investments that are not ultimately consummated. Those negotiations could result in diversion of management’s time and significant out-of-pocket costs. If we fail to evaluate, execute and integrate acquisitions successfully, including our recently completed acquisitions, we may not be able to realize the benefits of these acquisitions, and our results of operations could be harmed. If we are unable to successfully address any of these risks, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be harmed.
Expansion into international markets is important for our growth, and as we expand internationally, we will face additional business, political, legal, regulatory, operational, financial, and economic risks, any of which could increase our costs and hinder such growth.
Expanding our business to attract customers, Providers, and suppliers in countries other than the United States is a core pillar of our long-term growth strategy. For instance, in July 2025, we completed the acquisition of Zava, a digital health platform with operations in the United Kingdom, Germany, Republic of Ireland, France, and Spain, and in November 2025, we completed the acquisition of Medici, a digital health platform with operations in Canada. In June 2026, we completed the acquisition of Eucalyptus, an Australia-based digital health company that operates in Australia, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, and Japan. An important part of targeting international markets is increasing our brand awareness and establishing relationships with partners internationally. Conducting business internationally involves a number of risks, including:
•uncertain legal and regulatory requirements applicable to telehealth and prescription medication, including compounding and asynchronous care;
•our inability to replicate our domestic business structure consistently outside of the United States, especially as it relates to our contractual arrangement with affiliated professional entities and pharmaceutical fulfillment;
•multiple, conflicting and changing laws and regulations such as healthcare laws, marketing and consumer protection laws, tax laws, privacy and data protection laws and regulations including the use of big data analytics and AI, export and import restrictions, employment laws, regulatory requirements and other governmental approvals, permits and licenses;
•developing and maintaining commercial relationships on favorable terms, or at all;
•obtaining regulatory approvals or clearances where required for the sale of our offerings, products, and services in various countries;
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•requirements to maintain data and the processing of that data on servers located within the United States or in other countries;
•protecting and enforcing our intellectual property rights;
•logistics and regulations associated with prescribing medicine online and engaging with pharmacies and other suppliers to compound, distribute, dispense, and/or ship the prescribed medication;
•natural disasters, political and economic instability, including wars, terrorism, social or political unrest, including civil unrest, protests, and other public demonstrations, outbreaks of disease, pandemics or epidemics, boycotts, tariffs, sanctions, curtailment of trade, and other restrictions; and
•regulatory and compliance risks that relate to maintaining accurate information and control over activities subject to regulation under the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”), and comparable laws and regulations in other countries.
Our ability to continue to expand our business and to attract talented employees, customers, Providers, partners, and suppliers in various international markets will require considerable management attention and resources and is subject to the particular challenges of supporting a rapidly growing business in an environment of multiple languages, cultures, customs, legal systems, alternative dispute resolution systems, regulatory systems, and commercial infrastructures. Entering new international markets is expensive, our ability to successfully gain market acceptance in any particular market is uncertain, and the distraction of our senior management team to focus on international expansion could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Economic uncertainty or downturns, particularly as they impact particular industries, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
In recent years, the United States and other significant markets have experienced cyclical downturns and worldwide economic conditions remain uncertain, particularly as a result of inflation and related market and macroeconomic responses, geopolitical conflicts and instability, and impacts from tariffs, economic sanctions and trade restrictions. Economic uncertainty and associated macroeconomic conditions, including geopolitical tensions, inflation, trade and supply chain issues and the availability and cost of credit in the United States and other countries have contributed to increased market volatility or market declines, make it extremely difficult for our partners, suppliers, and us to accurately forecast and plan future business activities, could cause our customers to slow spending on our offerings, and could limit the ability of our Partner Pharmacies, the Facilities, and/or Manufacturing Suppliers to purchase sufficient quantities of products from suppliers, which could adversely affect our ability to fulfill customer orders and attract new customers or Providers.
A significant downturn in the domestic or global economy may cause our customers to pause, delay, or cancel spending on our platform or seek to lower their costs by exploring alternative providers or our competitors. To the extent purchases of our offerings are perceived by customers and potential customers as discretionary, our revenue may be disproportionately affected by delays or reductions in general health and wellness spending. Also, competitors may respond to challenging market conditions by lowering prices and attempting to lure away our customers.
We cannot predict the timing, strength, or duration of any economic slowdown or recession, or any subsequent recovery generally, or any industry in particular. If the conditions in the general economy and the markets in which we operate worsen from present levels, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
If we are unable to deliver a rewarding experience on mobile devices, whether through our mobile website or our mobile applications, we may be unable to attract and retain customers.
We believe that current and prospective customers are increasingly interested in accessing telehealth offerings through mobile devices. Developing and supporting our mobile websites and mobile applications across multiple operating systems and devices requires substantial time and resources. Despite devoting significant time and resources to developing mobile solutions, we may not be able to develop mobile solutions that meet the needs of our customers or consistently provide a rewarding customer experience. As a result, our ability to attract new customers could be impaired, and customers we meet through our mobile websites or mobile applications may not choose to use our offerings at the same rate as customers we meet through our websites.
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As new mobile devices and mobile operating systems are released, we may encounter problems in developing or supporting our mobile websites or mobile applications for them. Developing or supporting our mobile website or mobile applications for new devices and their operating systems may require substantial time and resources. The success of our mobile websites and mobile applications could also be harmed by factors outside of our control, such as:
•increased costs to develop, distribute, or maintain our mobile websites or mobile applications;
•changes to the terms of service or requirements of a mobile application store that requires us to change our mobile application development or features in an adverse manner; and
•changes in mobile operating systems, such as Apple’s iOS and Google’s Android, that disproportionately affect us, degrade the functionality of our mobile websites or mobile applications, require that we make costly upgrades to our technology offerings, or give preferential treatment to competitors’ websites or mobile applications.
If our customers experience difficulty accessing or using, or if they elect not to use, our mobile websites or mobile applications, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Our business depends on continued and unimpeded access to the internet and mobile networks.
Our ability to deliver our internet-based and mobile application-based services depends on the development and maintenance of the infrastructure of the internet by third parties. This includes maintenance of a reliable network backbone with the necessary speed, data capacity, bandwidth capacity, and security. Our services are designed to operate without interruption. However, we may experience future interruptions and delays in services and availability from time to time. In the event of a catastrophic event with respect to one or more of our systems or those of our service providers, we may experience an extended period of system unavailability, which could negatively impact our relationship with customers, Providers, partners, and suppliers. To operate without interruption, both we and our service providers must guard against:
•damage from power loss, natural disasters (such as earthquakes, fires, floods, tsunamis and other extreme weather), and other force majeure events outside our control;
•communications failures;
•software and hardware errors, failures, and crashes;
•security breaches, computer viruses, hacking, denial-of-service attacks, and similar disruptive problems; and
•other potential interruptions.
We also rely on software licensed from third parties in order to offer our services. These licenses are generally commercially available on varying terms. However, it is possible that this software may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Any loss of the right to use any of this software could result in delays in the provisioning of our services until equivalent technology is either developed by us, or, if available, is identified, obtained and integrated. Furthermore, our use of additional or alternative third-party software would require us to enter into license agreements with third parties, and integration of our software with new third-party software may require significant work and require substantial investment of our time and resources. Also, any undetected errors or defects in third-party software could prevent the deployment or impair the functionality of our software, delay new updates or enhancements to our solution, result in a failure of our solution, and injure our reputation. The occurrence of any of the foregoing events could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our business could be disrupted by catastrophic events and man-made problems, such as power disruptions, data security breaches, and terrorism.
Our systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from the occurrence of any catastrophic event, including climate-related disasters or other extreme weather events such as earthquakes, fires, floods, hurricanes, snow or ice storms, tornadoes or tsunamis, power loss, telecommunications failure, software or hardware malfunction, cyber-attack, war, terrorist attack, or incident of mass violence, which could result in lengthy interruptions in access to our platform. If a climate-related disaster or other extreme weather event occurred in the locations of our Facilities, we could experience fulfillment and distribution delays, among other things, that could have an adverse impact on our results of operations. In addition, acts of war or terrorism, including malicious internet-based activity and supply chain attacks, could cause disruptions to the internet or the economy as a whole. Further, even if our systems are not interrupted or our Facilities are not affected by a catastrophic event, catastrophic
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events have the potential to impact our employees’ and service providers’ abilities to commute to work or to stay connected effectively while working remotely.
Even with our disaster recovery arrangements, access to our platform could be interrupted. If our systems or those of our vendors or suppliers, including the Pharmacies, were to fail or be negatively impacted as a result of a climate-related disaster or other catastrophic event, our ability to deliver our platform to our customers would be impaired or we could lose critical data. If we are unable to develop adequate plans to ensure that our business functions continue to operate during and after a disaster, and successfully execute on those plans in the event of a disaster or emergency, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be harmed. We have implemented a disaster recovery program that allows us to move website and mobile application traffic to a backup site in the event of a catastrophe. This allows us the ability to move traffic in the event of a problem, and the ability to recover in a short period of time. However, to the extent our disaster recovery program does not effectively support the movement of traffic in a timely or complete manner in the event of a catastrophe, our business and results of operations may be harmed.
We do not carry business interruption insurance sufficient to compensate us for the potentially significant losses, including the potential harm to our business, financial condition and results of operations, that may result from interruptions in access to our platform as a result of system failures.
Any disruption of service at Amazon Web Services, Partner Pharmacies, or other third-party service providers could interrupt access to our platform or delay our customers’ ability to seek treatment.
We currently host our platform, serve our customers and support our operations in the United States using Amazon Web Services (“AWS”), a provider of cloud infrastructure services, and through Partner Pharmacies, Manufacturing Suppliers, and other third-party service providers, including shipping providers and contract manufacturers. We do not have control over the operations of the facilities of AWS, Partner Pharmacies, or other third-party service providers. Such facilities are vulnerable to damage or interruption from earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, fires, cyber security attacks, terrorist attacks, power losses, telecommunications failures, and similar events. The occurrence of any such event, a decision to close the facilities without adequate notice, or other unanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions in our ability to generate revenue through customer purchases on the platform. The facilities also could be subject to break-ins, computer viruses, sabotage, intentional acts of vandalism, and other misconduct. Our platform’s continuing and uninterrupted performance is critical to our success. Because our platform is used by our customers to engage with Providers who can diagnose, manage, and treat medical conditions, and pharmacies that can fulfill and ship prescription medication, it is critical that our platform be accessible without interruption or degradation of performance. Customers may become dissatisfied by any system failure that interrupts our ability to provide our platform or access to the products and services offered through our platform to them. Outages and pharmacy closures could lead to claims of damages from our customers, Providers on our platform, partners, suppliers, and others. We may not be able to easily switch our AWS operations to another cloud provider if there are disruptions or interference with our use of AWS. Sustained or repeated system failures could reduce the attractiveness of our offerings to customers and result in contract terminations, thereby reducing revenue. Moreover, negative publicity arising from these types of disruptions could damage our reputation and may adversely impact use of our platform. We may not carry sufficient business interruption insurance to compensate us for losses that may occur as a result of any events that cause interruptions in our platform. Thus, any such disruptions could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
None of our call centers, Partner Pharmacies, shipping providers, contract manufacturers, AWS, or other third-party service providers has an obligation to renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. If we are unable to renew our agreements with these third-party service providers on commercially reasonable terms, if our agreements with these providers are prematurely terminated, or if in the future we add additional data, call center, or pharmacy providers, we may experience costs or downtime in connection with the transfer to, or the addition of, such new providers. If these third-party service providers were to increase the cost of their services, we may have to increase the price of our offerings, and our results of operations may be adversely impacted.
We depend on a number of third parties to perform functions critical to our ability to operate our platform, generate revenue from customers, and to perform many of the related functions.
We depend on the Affiliated Medical Groups and their Providers to deliver quality healthcare consultations and services through our platform. We conduct fulfillment and distribution activities through a combination of our Facilities and Partner
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Pharmacies, and therefore depend on such Partner Pharmacies to provide efficient fulfillment and distribution of prescription medication and other products and services. Finally, we depend on our relationships with Manufacturing Suppliers to supply and/or manufacture certain of our products or product ingredients, including compounded GLP-1s, to the Pharmacies. We cannot control the timing, or ensure the availability, of any such offerings.
Any interruption in the availability of a sufficient number of Providers or supply from our Partner Pharmacies, our Facilities or Manufacturing Suppliers could materially and adversely affect our ability to satisfy our customers and ensure they receive consultation services and any medication that they have been prescribed. If we were to lose our relationship with one of the Affiliated Medical Groups, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to ensure access to a sufficient network of Providers. Similarly, if we were to lose our relationship with one of our Partner Pharmacies or Manufacturing Suppliers, are unable to obtain access for customers to low cost pharmaceutical products through our Partner Pharmacies, Facilities, or Manufacturing Suppliers, or one of our Partner Pharmacies, Facilities or Manufacturing Suppliers was subject to regulatory or legal enforcement, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to find, perform due diligence on, and engage with one or more replacement partners in a timely manner. Our ability to service customer requirements could be materially impaired or interrupted in the event that our relationship with an Affiliated Medical Group, Partner Pharmacy or Manufacturing Supplier is terminated, or any Affiliated Medical Group, Partner Pharmacy, or Manufacturing Supplier experiences a disruption in operations, including as the result of regulatory or legal enforcement. We also depend on cloud infrastructure providers, payment processors, suppliers of prescription and non-prescription products and packaging, shipping and delivery services, and various others that allow our platform to function effectively and serve the needs of our customers. Difficulties with our significant partners and suppliers, regardless of the reason, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Disruption in our global supply chain, supply chain concentration, and changes to tax or trade policy could negatively impact our business.
The products we sell on our platform and through retailers are sourced from a wide variety of domestic and international vendors, and any future disruption in our supply chain or inability to find qualified vendors and access products that meet requisite quality and safety standards in a timely and efficient manner could adversely impact our business. We may experience supply interruptions, delays, or shortages across our offerings from time to time. Certain of our offerings are primarily fulfilled by one supplier or a limited number of suppliers. If any such supplier stops fulfilling purchase orders, it could significantly slow our ability to fulfill these orders until new suppliers are identified and fully onboarded and/or our internal manufacturing capabilities are expanded, which could adversely impact our results of operations and business. The loss or disruption of such supply arrangements for any reason, including as a result of geopolitical conflicts or instability, civil unrest, acts of war or terrorism, trade sanctions, tariffs, inflation, health epidemics or pandemics, labor disputes, loss or impairment of key manufacturing sites, inability to procure sufficient raw materials, quality control issues, ethical sourcing issues, suppliers’ regulatory or compliance failures, suppliers’ financial distress, natural disasters, theft or other external factors over which we have no control, could interrupt product supply and, if not effectively managed and remedied, have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. From time to time, our Facilities have also experienced batch failures, and any material interruption could cause reputational damage and have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Additionally, any major changes in tax or trade policy, such as the imposition of additional tariffs or duties on imported products, or trade sanctions, between the U.S. and countries from which we source merchandise, directly or indirectly, could require us to take certain actions, such as raising prices on our offerings or seeking alternative sources of supply from vendors with whom we have less familiarity, which could adversely affect our reputation, revenue, and our results of operations. U.S. trade policies continue to be in flux, and trade policies implemented by the second Trump administration, or the consequences of such policies, could have an adverse effect on our business.
Our payments system depends on third-party service providers and is subject to evolving laws and regulations.
We engage third-party service providers to perform underlying card processing, currency exchange, and identity verification for our payments system. If these service providers do not perform adequately or if our relationships with these service providers were to terminate, our ability to accept orders through our platform could be adversely affected and our business could be harmed. In addition, incorrect identity verification data with respect to our current or potential customers received from third-party service providers, including as a result of an individual customer providing untruthful or inaccurate information, has in the past and may in the future result in us inadvertently allowing access to our offerings, including treatments and medications, to
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individuals who should not be permitted to access them, or otherwise inadvertently denying access to individuals who should be able to access our offerings, in each case based on inaccurate identity determination. These risks may subject us to disciplinary action, fines, lawsuits, and our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. Further, if any of these third-party service providers increase the fees they charge us, our operating expenses could increase and if we respond by increasing the fees we charge to our customers, we could lose some of our customers.
The laws and regulations related to payments are complex and vary across different jurisdictions in the United States and globally. As a result, we are required to spend significant time and effort to comply with those laws and regulations. Any failure or claim of our failure to comply, or any failure by our third-party service providers to comply, could cost us substantial resources, could result in liabilities, or could force us to stop offering third-party payment systems. As we expand the availability of payments via third parties or offer new payment methods to our customers in the future, we may become subject to additional regulations and compliance requirements.
Further, through our agreement with our third-party credit card processor, we are indirectly subject to payment card association operating rules and certification requirements, including the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. We are also subject to rules governing electronic funds transfers. Any change in these rules and requirements could make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. Any such difficulties or failures with respect to the payment systems we utilize may have an adverse effect on our business.
Our pricing decisions may adversely affect our ability to attract new customers, Providers, and other partners, or may otherwise impact our revenue and profitability.
We have limited experience determining the optimal prices for certain of our offerings. As competitors introduce new solutions that compete with our offerings, we may be unable to attract new customers, Providers, or other partners at the same price or based on the same pricing models as we have used historically. Pricing decisions may also impact the mix of adoption among the products and services that we make available and negatively impact our overall revenue. As a result, in the future we may adjust our prices to offer more options for our customers or for other strategic reasons. Any pricing decisions including those mentioned above could adversely affect our financial position, including our revenue, gross profit, profitability, and cash flows.
Our success depends on the continuing and collaborative efforts of our management team, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.
Our success depends largely upon the continued services of our key executive officers. These executive officers are at-will employees and therefore they may terminate employment with us at any time with no advance notice. We rely on our leadership team in the areas of marketing, legal and regulatory compliance, telehealth, operations, finance, public policy and government relations, technology, product, people operations, investor relations, communications, and other general and administrative functions. From time to time, there have been and may in the future be changes in our executive management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business. The replacement of one or more of our executive officers or other key employees would likely involve significant time and costs and may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our business objectives.
We depend on our talent to grow and operate our business, and if we are unable to hire, integrate, develop, motivate, and retain our personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.
Our success depends in large part on our ability to attract and retain high-quality management in marketing, engineering, operations, product, healthcare, regulatory, legal, finance, accounting, and support functions. Competition for qualified employees is intense in our industry, and the loss of even a few qualified employees, or an inability to attract, retain, and motivate additional highly skilled employees required for the planned expansion of our business could harm our results of operations and impair our ability to grow. To attract and retain key personnel, we use various measures, including an equity incentive program for key executive officers and other employees. These measures may not be enough to attract and retain the personnel we require to operate our business effectively.
As we continue to grow, we may be unable to continue to attract or retain the personnel we need to maintain our competitive position. In addition to hiring new employees, we must continue to focus on retaining our best talent. Competition for these resources, particularly for engineers with expertise in areas like machine learning and AI, is intense.
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We may need to invest significant amounts of cash and equity to attract new and retain existing employees and we may never realize returns on these investments. If we are not able to effectively increase and retain our talent, our ability to achieve our strategic objectives will be adversely impacted, and our business will be harmed. The loss of one or more of our key employees, and any failure to have in place and execute an effective succession plan for key employees, could seriously harm our business. Employees may be more likely to leave us if the shares of our capital stock they own or the shares of our capital stock underlying their equity incentive awards have significantly changed in value.
We also have a remote-first policy in the United States that permits most of our employees to work remotely should their particular positions allow. While we believe that most of our non-fulfillment operations can be performed remotely, there is no guarantee that we will be as effective while working remotely because our team is dispersed and many employees may have additional personal needs to attend to or distractions in their remote work environment. To the extent our current or future remote work policies result in decreased productivity, harm our company culture, or otherwise negatively affect our business, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
A significant portion of our inventory is stored in our Facilities, and from time to time with third party logistics providers, and any damage or disruption at any Facility or with any third party logistics provider may harm our business.
Our Facilities, and from time to time certain third-party logistics providers, collectively hold a significant portion of our inventory. We store this inventory at some or all of the previously mentioned facilities, and we may have a significant level of inventory in storage during certain quarters. A natural disaster, fire, power interruption, work stoppage, or other calamity at any of these facilities would significantly disrupt our ability to deliver our products and operate our business, particularly if we had a significant level of inventory stored in a damaged or unusable facility. Careless or malicious actors could cause processes to be disrupted or could cause equipment to operate in an improper manner, resulting in harm to people or property. If a material amount of any facility, machinery, or inventory were damaged or unusable for any reason, we would be unable to meet our obligations to customers, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Risks Related to Laws and Regulations
From time to time, we are subject to legal and regulatory proceedings and inquiries, any of which may be time-consuming and costly to defend and could materially harm our business and results of operations.
From time to time, we are subject to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business and have faced allegations, lawsuits, and regulatory inquiries, audits, and investigations regarding data privacy, security, labor and employment, consumer protection, investor protection, telehealth, pharmaceuticals, intellectual property infringement, including claims related to privacy, patents, publicity, trademarks, copyrights, and other rights, as well as other areas of law related to our business. Lawsuits, regulatory inquiries, audits, investigations and other legal proceedings can be expensive and disruptive to normal business operations. A portion of the technologies we use incorporates open-source software, and we may face claims claiming ownership of open-source software or patents related to that software, rights to our intellectual property, or breach of open-source license terms, including a demand to release material portions of our source code or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open-source license. We have faced and in the future may face allegations, regulatory inquiries, or litigation related to our acquisitions, securities issuances, or business practices, including public disclosures about our business. We offer access to compounded pharmaceutical products that are in some cases compounded, fulfilled, and distributed through the Pharmacies, and we, as well as the Pharmacies, Affiliated Medical Groups, and Providers, have faced and in the future may face allegations, litigation, and regulatory investigations under foreign, federal or state laws related to the marketing, fulfillment, distribution, and/or sale of these products.
Litigation, regulatory inquiries, and regulatory proceedings, particularly those involving healthcare, pharmaceuticals, consumer protection, data privacy, securities, or class actions, could be protracted and expensive, and their outcomes are inherently difficult to predict. For example, in October 2023, the FTC issued to us a Civil Investigative Demand requesting information regarding our privacy, advertising, subscription, and cancellation practices as part of a non-public investigation related to the FTC Act and ROSCA. In July 2026, the FTC, along with the Utah Division of Consumer Protection and Los Angeles County on behalf of the People of the State of California, filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against us alleging violations of Section 5 of the FTC Act and certain provisions of ROSCA and analogous state statutes seeking a permanent injunction, monetary relief for an unspecified amount, civil penalties, and other relief as determined by the court. As of September 30, 2026, we had recorded an accrual of approximately $60 million for estimated probable losses in connection with this matter. The amount of the accrual may decrease or increase materially in future periods as the litigation progresses and additional information becomes available. There can be no assurance that we will prevail in the
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litigation or otherwise achieve a favorable outcome, and the defense or resolution of this matter could involve significant monetary costs or penalties and could materially adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations, or business. In addition, any non-monetary remedies or compliance obligations imposed in connection with the resolution of this matter could adversely affect our business operations. Additionally, in February 2026, we received a letter from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, Division of Enforcement, notifying us that it had opened an investigation and requesting that we preserve certain documents and information concerning our public statements and disclosures regarding compounded semaglutide and related business relationships (the “SEC Investigation”). We are cooperating with the SEC Investigation but are unable to predict when or how this matter will be concluded, including any financial impact.
Certain litigation and regulatory matters may include speculative claims for substantial or indeterminate amounts of damages and include claims for injunctive relief. Additionally, our litigation costs could be significant. Adverse outcomes with respect to litigation or any of these legal proceedings may result in significant settlement costs or judgments, penalties and fines, require us to modify our platform or business practices or require us to stop offering certain features, products, or services, any of which could negatively impact our acquisition of customers and revenue growth. We may also become subject to periodic audits, which could likely increase our regulatory compliance costs and may require us to change our business practices, which could negatively impact our revenue growth. Managing legal proceedings, including litigation, regulatory inquiries, investigations and audits, even if we achieve favorable outcomes, is time-consuming and diverts management’s attention from our business.
The results of legal proceedings, including litigation, regulatory inquiries, investigations and audits cannot be predicted with certainty, and determining reserves for pending litigation and other legal, regulatory, and audit matters requires significant judgment. There can be no assurance that our expectations will prove correct, and even if these matters are resolved in our favor or without significant cash settlements, the time and resources necessary to litigate or resolve them could harm our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our pharmacy business subjects us to additional healthcare laws and regulations beyond those we face with our core telehealth business, and increases the complexity and extent of our compliance and regulatory obligations.
The operations of our Pharmacies, Partner Pharmacies and any affiliated pharmacies are subject to extensive regulation in the United States and internationally. Such statutes and regulations govern various aspects of the pharmacy business, including the distribution of drugs; operation of mail order pharmacies; licensure of facilities and professionals, including pharmacists, technicians, and other healthcare professionals; compounding of prescription medications; packaging, storing, distributing, shipping, and tracking of pharmaceuticals; repackaging of drug products; labeling, medication guides, and other consumer disclosures; interactions with prescribing professionals; counseling of patients; prescription transfers; advertisement of prescription products and pharmacy services; security; and reporting to various enforcement or regulatory authorities.
Many states in the United States have laws and regulations requiring out-of-state mail-order pharmacies to register with that state’s board of pharmacy. In addition, the FDA inspects facilities in connection with procedures to effect recalls of prescription drugs. The Federal Trade Commission also has requirements for mail-order sellers of goods. The U.S. Postal Service (the “USPS”) has statutory authority to restrict the transmission of drugs and medicines through the mail to a degree that may have an adverse effect on our mail-order operations. The USPS historically has exercised this statutory authority primarily with respect to controlled substances. If the USPS restricts our ability to deliver drugs through the mail, alternative means of delivery are available to us, though such alternative means of delivery could be significantly more expensive. The U.S. Department of Transportation has regulatory authority to impose restrictions on drugs inserted into the stream of commerce. These regulations generally do not apply to the USPS and its operations.
In the United Kingdom, pharmacies, pharmacists, and pharmacy technicians are regulated by the General Pharmaceutical Council (the “GPhC”), which sets standards for the safe and effective provision of pharmacy services, including those provided at a distance (such as online and mail-order pharmacies). Pharmacies must be registered with the GPhC and are subject to regular inspections to ensure compliance with pharmacy standards, including those relating to the storage, dispensing, labeling, and distribution of medicines, as well as patient counseling and record-keeping. UK pharmacies may promote their pharmacy services, including online services, but are strictly prohibited from promoting prescription-only medicines to the general public.
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Advertising of pharmacy services must comply with the guidance of the GPhC and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (the “MHRA”). Any promotion of prescription medicines must be directed only to healthcare professionals.
In Canada, pharmacies, pharmacists, and pharmacy technicians are regulated at the provincial and territorial level by pharmacy regulatory authorities. These authorities set standards for the safe and effective provision of pharmacy services, including services provided at a distance, such as online and mail‑order pharmacies. Pharmacies must be licensed or accredited by their provincial or territorial regulator and are subject to inspection to ensure compliance with applicable standards, including those relating to the storage, preparation, dispensing, labeling, distribution of medicines, patient counseling, and record‑keeping. Canadian pharmacies may promote their pharmacy services, including online services, but are prohibited from advertising prescription drugs to the general public. Any promotion of prescription medicines must be directed only to healthcare professionals and must comply with Health Canada’s advertising requirements and applicable provincial and territorial professional conduct rules.
Failure to successfully expand our capabilities, the loss, suspension or other limitation of any license held by a Pharmacy, or any failure or perceived failure by us or the Pharmacies to comply with any applicable federal, state, or local law or regulation, and equivalent foreign law, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations and may expose us to civil and criminal penalties.
If we fail to comply with applicable healthcare and/or other laws and governmental regulations, we could face substantial penalties, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected, and we may be required to restructure our operations.
The healthcare and technology industries are subject to changing political, economic and regulatory influences that may affect companies like ours. During the past several years, the industries in which we operate have been subject to an increase in governmental regulation as well as legislative attention and activity, and subject to potential disruption due to such regulation and legislative initiatives, as well as judicial interpretations thereof. While these regulations may not directly impact us or our offerings in every instance, they have and will affect these industries and may impact customer use of the services we offer on our platform. The healthcare industry in general is also subject to numerous foreign, federal, state, and local laws and regulations that carry substantial criminal and civil fines and penalties.
As an example, under our current business model, in most jurisdictions where we operate, we accept payments only from our customers, and not from any third-party payors, such as government healthcare programs or health insurers. Because of this approach, we are not currently subject to many of the laws and regulations that impact many other participants in the healthcare industry. However, if we begin accepting reimbursement from insurance providers or other third parties in these jurisdictions, or if the government asserts broader regulatory control over companies like ours, the complexity of our operations and our compliance obligations will materially increase. Failure to comply with any applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Even within the narrowed band of applicable healthcare laws and regulations, because of the breadth of these laws and the narrowness of available statutory and regulatory exemptions, it is possible that some of our activities could be subject to challenge under one or more of such laws. Any action brought against us for violations of these laws or regulations, even if successfully defended, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business.
In the United States, our compounding activities are subject to FDA and state oversight, and we may face regulatory, compliance, or enforcement risks in connection with our compounded offerings. For instance, compounding pharmacies and 503B outsourcing facilities have been subject to increased scrutiny of their compounding activities by the FDA and state governmental agencies. In December 2025, our Outsourcing Facility received a warning letter noting the failure to submit an adverse event report and a deficiency with the Outsourcing Facility’s procedures for reporting adverse events in violation of Section 503B of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the “FDCA”), to which we timely responded. While we do not expect this inquiry will have a material impact on our business or operations, there can be no assurance that the FDA will be satisfied with the adequacy of our responses.
In particular, the regulatory landscape applicable to compounded GLP-1s continues to rapidly evolve, which could result in penalties, changes to our business practices or other adverse consequences. We began offering certain compounded GLP-1 offerings in May 2024 as part of our U.S. weight loss offering. We currently only use 503A compounding pharmacies for the fulfillment and dispensing of compounded GLP-1 products. In February 2026, the FDA issued a statement indicating that the
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agency intends to restrict GLP-1 active pharmaceutical ingredients intended for use in non-FDA-approved compounded drugs that are being mass-marketed as similar alternatives to FDA-approved drugs. We were directly named in the FDA Statement. Also in February 2026, the General Counsel of HHS issued a statement on X indicating that HHS had referred us to the DOJ for investigation for potential violations of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and applicable Title 18 provisions. At this time, it is unclear what actions the FDA, HHS, or DOJ may take; however, any such actions could require significant resources to address and may result in reputational harm, operational disruptions, or increased costs.
In March 2026, we announced a strategic shift for our U.S. weight loss offering. As a result, we evolved our United States weight loss offering to match our global approach towards providing access to branded GLP-1 medications, and offering access to compounded GLP-1 products through the platform on a limited scale. In addition, we launched a membership program for our weight loss offerings. In connection with the strategic shift and membership program, we face risks related to customer acquisition, pricing, and retention. Customers who previously accessed compounded alternatives may be unwilling or unable to transition to branded therapies, which could adversely affect demand, conversion rates, and revenue. In addition, our margins may be impacted by the cost of procuring branded medications and limitations on our ability to pass through price increases. We may also experience operational and financial variability during this transition, including changes in customer behavior, increased churn, or reduced engagement. Further, our reliance on third-party manufacturers and supply chains for branded GLP-1 products exposes us to potential supply disruptions, pricing changes, and contractual limitations outside of our control. Governmental inquiries or actions or litigation brought against us, a Partner Pharmacy, Pharmacy or other Facility, or Manufacturing Supplier relating to our compounding activities, including with respect to GLP-1 products, whether or not such inquiry, action or litigation ultimately results in penalties, changes to our business practices or other consequences, could have an adverse effect on our brand, reputation and business.
Many of the compounded drugs available through our platform are produced by our Pharmacies, and the promotion and advertising of these compounded drugs is subject to FDA regulation. In particular, we rely on, or have relied on, exemptions from FDA’s premarket approval and certain labeling requirements to market our compounded products, which requires or has required us to comply with the conditions in the exemptions set forth in Sections 503A and 503B of the FDCA. In addition, FDA will object to any promotional activity that is false or misleading, including the failure to disclose material facts. For example, FDA will expect adequate substantiation for an efficacy claim and some information related to the product’s risks. Failure by us or any third-party collaborators (including social media influencers) we contract with to comply with these requirements may result in enforcement by the FDA, such as warning letters requiring that remedial measures be taken, or state authorities. This could result in adverse publicity and may affect our ability to promote or sell our products, which could have material adverse impacts on our business. In addition, FDA findings of misleading promotional statements and practices can lead to private litigation under federal and state consumer protection and unfair trade practices laws, such as the Lanham Act or similar state laws.
Further, in February 2025, we acquired a peptide manufacturing facility (and related assets). This is an operational area where we have not operated previously as an organization. As an FDA-registered API manufacturer, we are subject to regulatory requirements, including provisions governing FDA-registered API manufacturers, as well as federal regulations regarding cGMP applicable to API manufacturers. We are also subject to California Department of Public Health (“CDPH”) Food & Drug Branch oversight as a CDPH-registered drug manufacturer and are required to comply with certain rules and regulations from the departments of health, boards of pharmacy, or other regulatory authorities of other states to which we ship or otherwise introduce API. The regulatory framework applicable to peptides, including their compounding, manufacture, and marketing, is evolving and subject to change, and we cannot predict how federal or state regulators will interpret or enforce these requirements. Changes in laws, regulations, policies, or enforcement priorities could restrict our ability to manufacture, supply, or offer peptide products, require us to modify our operations, or increase our compliance costs, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Additionally, we began offering laboratory testing services in November 2025, which subjects us to licensure and certification requirements and federal, state, and local laws and regulations applicable to laboratory testing, including the FDCA, the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (the “CLIA”), and similar state laws. This also results in additional oversight by various regulatory agencies, including the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (the “CMS”) and the FDA within HHS on the federal side, as well as state and local departments of health responsible for regulating clinical laboratory testing within the jurisdictions where we will conduct laboratory testing or from which we receive specimens. We may also become subject to additional state licensure requirements applicable to entities engaging in the distribution of prescription medical devices and products depending on how we integrate the laboratory testing services into our current customer offerings.
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Furthermore, we may also become subject to certain FDA premarket review requirements relating to laboratory testing products, including sample collection kits and related components, that are used in the laboratory testing services, including but not limited to 510(k) clearance, de novo classification, premarket approval, and others. Certain sample collection kits may be regulated as medical devices, may be considered prescription devices, or may require 510(k) clearance, de novo classification, premarket approval, or other FDA authorization. In some cases, it may be unclear whether the kits we use—or kits sourced from third-party suppliers—require such authorization or are being used in a manner consistent with their cleared, exempt, or authorized intended use. If the FDA or state regulators determine that any such kits or components require premarket review or are being used outside the scope of an existing authorization, we could be required to seek new or supplemental marketing authorization, modify our workflows or labeling, suspend or discontinue use of certain kits, or identify and validate alternative suppliers. Replacement kits may not be readily available, may require their own FDA review, or may be difficult or costly to integrate into our testing operations. If we are unable to comply with the regulatory regime, we may be subject to fines, enforcement actions, or other regulatory orders, which may adversely affect our business.
In 2026, we began offering testosterone replacement therapy, which is subject to controlled substance laws and regulations. See “—Our offering of testosterone replacement therapy subjects us to additional regulation, and any failure to comply could adversely affect our business.”
In addition, as a result of international acquisitions and expansion, we currently have operations in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, Canada, and the European Union (in Germany, the Republic of Ireland, France, and Spain). The foregoing jurisdictions impose varying legal and regulatory requirements relating to, among other things, the provision of telehealth services and pharmacy services, the advertising of prescription products, compounding, and data protection. Failure to appropriately manage compliance across these jurisdictions could result in consequences such as enforcement actions, reputational harm, or limitations on our ability to operate or expand in these markets, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Although we have adopted policies and procedures designed to comply with applicable laws and regulations and conduct internal reviews of our compliance with these laws, our compliance is also subject to governmental review. The growth of our business and sales organization and our continued expansion outside of the United States may increase the potential of violating these laws or our internal policies and procedures. The risk of our being found in violation of these or other laws and regulations is further increased by the fact that many have not been fully interpreted by the regulatory authorities or the courts, and their provisions are open to a variety of interpretations. Any action brought against us for violation of these or other laws or regulations, even if we successfully defend against it, could cause us to incur significant legal expenses and divert our management’s attention from the operation of our business. If our operations or those of the Pharmacies or Affiliated Medical Groups are found to be in violation of any of the federal, state, and foreign laws described above or any other current or future fraud and abuse or other healthcare laws and regulations that apply to us, we may be subject to penalties, including significant criminal, civil and administrative penalties, damages and fines, disgorgement, additional reporting requirements and oversight, imprisonment for individuals, and exclusion from the ability to participate in government healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, as well as contractual damages and reputational harm. We could also be required to curtail or cease our operations. Any of the foregoing consequences could have a material adverse effect on our business and our financial condition.
Our ability to offer access to our products and services internationally is subject to the applicable laws governing the sale of such products and services, including remote care and the practice of medicine in the applicable jurisdiction. Each country’s interpretation and enforcement of these laws is evolving and could vary significantly. We cannot provide assurance that we have accurately interpreted each such law and regulation. Moreover, these laws and regulations may change significantly as this manner of providing products and services evolves. New or revised laws and regulations (or interpretations thereof) could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We have been, and in the future may be, subject to actions and public statements by U.S. federal and state government officials and agencies, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation.
We have recently been, and in the future may be, the subject of public statements and actions by U.S. government officials and agencies. For instance, in September 2025, we received warning letters from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration with respect to statements on our websites regarding compounded semaglutide products and the statements’ compliance with the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, in February 2026 the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) issued a statement on X indicating that it had referred us to the Department of Justice for investigation for potential violations of the
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Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and applicable Title 18 provisions, and in February 2026 the FDA issued a statement, directly naming our company, that the agency intends to restrict GLP-1 active pharmaceutical ingredients intended for use in non-FDA-approved compounded drugs that are being mass-marketed as similar alternatives to FDA-approved drugs.
We cannot predict the timing, scope or outcome of any investigation, enforcement action or other proceeding that results from, or is related to, such public statements and actions. Any such investigation, enforcement action or other proceeding could require significant management attention and resources, result in substantial legal fees and other costs, and divert attention from our business operations. In addition, the public nature of statements by U.S. government officials and agencies and the pendency of any investigation, enforcement action or other proceeding related thereto may prompt additional regulatory scrutiny, including investigations, enforcement actions, or other proceedings, by other governmental officials and agencies at the federal or state level. These investigations, enforcement actions, and other proceedings by other state and federal governmental officials and agencies could be broader in scope than public statements and actions currently suggest and impact other parts of our business and operations. Further, such public statements and the pendency of any investigation, enforcement action or other proceeding related thereto may negatively affect our public reputation and relationships with customers, healthcare providers, investors, and business partners. If any investigation, enforcement action, or proceeding results in findings adverse to us, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, fines, injunctions, consent decrees, restrictions on our ability to operate our business, exclusion from participation in certain programs, or other sanctions. Any such outcome could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Furthermore, the public nature of these government statements may encourage additional regulatory scrutiny of our business, inspire private litigation, or prompt negative media coverage, any of which could harm our reputation and adversely affect our stock price. Even if we are ultimately able to resolve these matters favorably, the uncertainty created by these government actions and statements may continue to have a negative impact on our business and stock price for an extended period.
FDA has issued warning letters related to specimen-collection kits, and similar enforcement activity directed at our products or suppliers could materially and adversely affect our business.
The FDA has taken the position that many specimen-collection kits used for at-home collection of biological samples—such as dried blood-spot cards, saliva tubes, urine collection devices, and stool collection tools—are in vitro diagnostic (“IVD”) medical devices that require FDA clearance, approval, authorization, or compliance with other device requirements. FDA has issued warning letters alleging that companies distributed such specimen-collection kits without required marketing authorization. For example, in 2025, FDA issued two warning letters alleging that manufacturers were distributing specimen-collection kits without clearance or approval, including a warning letter to Blackfly Investments, LLC d/b/a Molecular Testing Labs, in which FDA stated that an HIV dried blood-spot self-collection kit was being offered without the necessary premarket authorization and rejected the company’s claims that the product was exempt from premarket review.
Certain workflows offered through our platform rely on at-home sample collection kits, including kits used for the collection of blood specimens. Depending on their design, components, labeling, and intended use, these kits may be considered medical devices subject to FDA regulatory requirements, and in some circumstances may require 510(k) clearance, de novo classification, premarket approval, or other authorization. It may not always be clear whether a particular kit used by us or by third-party suppliers requires such authorization or is being used in a manner consistent with its cleared, exempt, or authorized intended use. If FDA were to determine that any sample-collection kits used in connection with our testing services require premarket review, or that we or our suppliers are distributing or using such kits without required authorization, FDA could issue warning letters, request corrective actions, or require us or our suppliers to seek clearance or approval, discontinue distribution, modify labeling or instructions for use, or undertake additional validation.
Such FDA enforcement directed at any of the collection kits used by us or our suppliers could require us to identify and qualify alternative suppliers, update laboratory workflows, or modify instructions to customers. Suitable alternatives may not be immediately available, may require FDA review, or may be costly or operationally disruptive to implement.
Any enforcement action relating to specimen-collection kits—whether directed at us or at our suppliers—could delay or limit our ability to offer certain diagnostic testing services, increase compliance costs, negatively affect customer experience, disrupt laboratory operations, or otherwise materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
FDA regulation of laboratory developed tests (“LDTs”) and regulation by other countries of diagnostic offerings could materially and adversely affect our business.
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The operations of our recently launched laboratory business could subject us to additional and evolving regulatory requirements. The FDA has regulatory authority over instruments, test kits, reagents, sample-collection devices, and other articles used by clinical laboratories, and enforces laws governing the development, testing, manufacturing, performance, labeling, advertising, marketing, distribution, and post-market surveillance of diagnostics. The FDA also inspects and reviews the manufacturing processes and performance of such diagnostics.
Historically, high-complexity clinical laboratories have offered LDTs under the CLIA regulatory framework administered by CMS without FDA premarket clearance or approval. On April 29, 2024, the FDA released a final rule seeking to phase out its long-standing enforcement discretion for LDTs over a multi-year period, asserting that LDTs are medical devices subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act’s premarket review and quality-system requirements. On March 31, 2025, the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas vacated the rule, concluding that LDTs developed and used within a single clinical laboratory fall outside FDA’s statutory authority. FDA did not appeal, and the final rule was rescinded on September 19, 2025. It remains uncertain whether and how FDA may seek to regulate LDTs that are developed across multiple laboratories, used outside traditional clinical settings, or offered through digital-health or direct-to-consumer channels.
Additionally, the legal framework governing LDTs remains in flux. Legislative proposals—such as prior versions of the VALID Act—have sought to expressly grant FDA statutory authority over LDTs. If Congress were to enact legislation providing FDA with clear jurisdiction over LDTs, our laboratory operations could become subject to new premarket review requirements, manufacturing and quality-system obligations, adverse-event reporting rules, or other device-related controls. Such legislation could require us to obtain FDA authorization for tests currently offered as LDTs, modify or discontinue certain testing services, incur significant compliance costs, or adjust our diagnostic service offerings. Failure to comply with applicable or newly imposed requirements, or disruptions associated with required changes to our diagnostic products or laboratory workflows, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Regulation of diagnostic offerings outside the United States may also affect our laboratory operations. For example, the European Union In Vitro Diagnostics Regulation (EU IVDR) establishes a new classification system and imposes enhanced conformity-assessment, quality-system, and post-market obligations for in vitro diagnostic devices. Where applicable to our services, these requirements may increase compliance costs, limit the types of diagnostic services we can provide, or result in administrative or legal actions.
If any of the sample collection kits we use are considered prescription medical devices, we may be required to obtain additional state licenses to distribute such devices, and failure to obtain or maintain these licenses could adversely affect our operations.
Certain sample collection kits used in connection with our laboratory testing services may be classified as prescription medical devices depending on their design, components, intended use, labeling, and claims. Many states regulate the distribution, shipment, or sale of prescription medical devices and require distributors, third-party logistics providers, manufacturers, or repackagers of such devices to obtain and maintain state-issued device distribution licenses, permits, or registrations. State requirements vary widely and may apply regardless of whether devices are dispensed directly to consumers, shipped to laboratories, or distributed through affiliated or third-party facilities.
To the extent any of our sample collection kits are deemed prescription medical devices, we may be required to obtain state device-distribution licenses in multiple jurisdictions in order to lawfully store, ship, or distribute these kits to customers or to our laboratory. In addition, if our third-party manufacturers or suppliers are required to hold state device-distribution licenses, but fail to obtain or maintain them, we may be unable to continue sourcing certain kits from those suppliers without disruption. Licensing requirements may impose obligations relating to facility standards, recordkeeping, reporting, personnel qualifications, inspection preparedness, and ongoing compliance. Some states also require separate licenses for each physical location involved in device distribution activities.
If we fail to obtain or maintain any required state device-distribution licenses, or if regulators determine that our distribution activities fall within licensing categories for which we are not registered, we could be subject to fines, penalties, cease-and-desist orders, or other enforcement actions. We may also be prohibited from distributing certain collection kits in specific states until the appropriate licenses are obtained. Additionally, delays or denials in licensure, or the need to establish new licensed distribution channels, may increase our operational costs, impede our ability to provide certain diagnostic testing services, or require changes to our fulfillment and logistics workflows. Any such developments could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
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Our offering of testosterone replacement therapy subjects us to additional regulation, and any failure to comply could adversely affect our business.
In 2026, we began offering testosterone replacement therapy, including certain branded products. Certain products available through the offering are Schedule III controlled substances under the federal Controlled Substances Act and are also classified as controlled substances under certain state laws. Providers and entities that prescribe, dispense, or distribute controlled substances are subject to additional requirements, including DEA registration, recordkeeping, reporting, labeling, and security requirements designed to prevent diversion, and to state controlled substance laws, which may be more restrictive or limiting than federal requirements and differ by state. This subjects the Affiliated Medical Groups, Providers, the Pharmacies, and Partner Pharmacies to additional requirements, and failure to comply could result in civil or criminal penalties, loss of DEA or state registrations, and reputational harm.
The ability of Providers to prescribe controlled substances through telehealth currently depends on temporary flexibilities under DEA and HHS waivers scheduled to expire on December 31, 2026, and on anticipated DEA final rulemaking specific to telehealth-based prescribing of controlled substances that may include a new registration framework, the timing, application, implementation, and terms of which are uncertain. Future requirements could require additional or state-by-state registrations for Providers and us or restrict our ability to offer access to these products through telehealth. In addition, carriers or regulators could restrict the shipment of controlled substances, which could increase costs or delay delivery.
Products containing controlled substances and hormone replacement therapy may also generate public controversy, and federal and state legislatures and agencies may take additional action to address perceived misuse or overuse, which could limit our ability to offer access to these products or harm our reputation.
If our business practices are found to violate federal or state anti-kickback, physician self-referral, or false claims laws, we may incur significant penalties and reputational damage that could adversely affect our business.
In the United States, the healthcare industry is subject to extensive federal and state regulation with respect to kickbacks, physician self-referral arrangements, false claims, and other fraud and abuse issues. For example, the Anti-Kickback Law prohibits, among other things, knowingly and willfully offering, paying, soliciting, receiving, or providing remuneration, directly or indirectly, in exchange for or to induce or reward either the referral of an individual, or the furnishing, arranging for, or recommending of an item or service that is reimbursable, in whole or in part, by a federal healthcare program. “Remuneration” is broadly defined under the Anti-Kickback Law to include anything of value, such as, for example, cash payments, gifts or gift certificates, discounts, or the furnishing of services, supplies, or equipment. The Anti-Kickback Law is broad, and it prohibits many arrangements and practices that are lawful in businesses outside of the healthcare industry.
The penalties for violating the Anti-Kickback Law can be severe. Violations of the Anti-Kickback Law may be established without proving specific intent to violate the statute, and may be punishable by civil, criminal and administrative fines and penalties, damages, imprisonment, and exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs. Many states have adopted laws similar to the Anti-Kickback Law, and some apply to items and services reimbursable by any payor, including private insurers.
In addition, the federal ban on physician self-referrals, commonly known as the “Stark Law,” prohibits, subject to certain exceptions, physician referrals of Medicare patients to an entity providing certain “designated health services” if the physician or an immediate family member of the physician has any financial relationship with the entity. A “financial relationship” is created by an investment interest or a compensation arrangement. Penalties for violating the Stark Law include the return of funds received for all prohibited referrals, fines, civil monetary penalties, and exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs. In addition to the Stark Law, many states have their own self-referral bans, which may extend to all self-referrals, regardless of the payor.
The federal False Claims Act (the “False Claims Act”) generally prohibits anyone from knowingly and willingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment of federal funds, or knowingly making, or causing to be made, a false record or statement to get a false claim paid. A claim resulting from a violation of the Anti-Kickback Law constitutes a false or fraudulent claim. The False Claims Act also permits a private individual acting as a “whistleblower” to bring actions on behalf of themselves and the federal government alleging violations of the statute and to share in any monetary recovery. Penalties for violating the False Claims Act include substantial monetary penalties and fines, the imposition of a corporate
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integrity agreement and exclusion from participation in federal healthcare programs. Many states have adopted laws similar to the False Claims Act.
In the United States, because we do not accept payments from third-party payors, our current operations are not subject to the Stark Law, the Anti-Kickback Law, or the False Claims Act. If the scope of any of the Anti-Kickback Law, the Stark Law, or the False Claims Act changes or a state analog of any of the Anti-Kickback Law, the Stark Law, or the False Claims Act includes a broader spectrum of activities than the respective federal statute, or if we change our business model to accept payments from third-party payors such as a government program, our failure to comply with such laws, or an allegation that we have not complied, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
State-based laws governing kickbacks and physician self-referrals can apply in some cases regardless of whether it is a third-party payor or the customer paying. The interpretation, application, and enforcement of these laws by governmental authorities is a developing area, and there is little precedent to determine how these laws would be applied to companies like ours. Moreover, the safe harbors and exceptions to these laws are often not as well developed as they are at the federal level. Our business practices and marketing activities include certain components that are common among e-commerce and other technology companies, such as the use of social media influencers. While we have structured our business practices and marketing activities in ways that we believe comply with state laws governing kickbacks and physician self-referrals and the policies behind those laws, given the lack of healthcare regulatory precedent specific to these practices, a governmental authority could disagree with our position. If a governmental authority alleged or determined we are not in compliance with these laws, or if new laws or changes to these laws created additional limits on our business practices or marketing activities, we could face fines or other penalties or damages and we may need to modify or terminate certain arrangements, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Legislative and regulatory changes specific to the area of telehealth or pharmacy law may present the Affiliated Medical Groups and/or the Pharmacies with additional requirements and state compliance costs, which may create additional operational complexity and increase costs.
The Affiliated Medical Groups and their Providers’ ability to provide telehealth services to patients in a particular jurisdiction is dependent upon the laws that govern the provision of remote care, professional practice standards, and healthcare delivery in general in that jurisdiction. Likewise, the ability of the Pharmacies to fulfill prescriptions and distribute pharmaceutical products, including compounded pharmaceutical products, is dependent upon the laws that govern licensed pharmacies and the fulfillment and distribution of prescription medication and other pharmaceutical products, which include in some cases requirements relating to telehealth. Laws and regulations governing the provision of telehealth services and the compounding, fulfillment, and/or distribution of pharmaceutical products are evolving at a rapid pace and are subject to changing political, regulatory, and other influences. Some states’ regulatory agencies or medical boards may have established rules or interpreted existing rules in a manner that limits or restricts Providers’ ability to provide telehealth services or for physicians to supervise nurse practitioners and physician assistants remotely. Additionally, there may be limitations placed on the modality through which telehealth services are delivered. For example, some states specifically require synchronous (or “live”) communications and restrict or exclude the use of asynchronous telehealth modalities, which is also known as “store-and-forward” telehealth. However, other states do not distinguish between synchronous and asynchronous telehealth services. Similarly, the FDA as well as certain other regulatory agencies or pharmacy boards have established rules or interpreted existing rules in a manner that limits or restricts the manner in which prescription medications, including compounded products, can be marketed, dispensed, and sold.
Because these are developing areas of law and regulation, we monitor our compliance in every jurisdiction in which we operate. However, we cannot be assured that our or the Affiliated Medical Groups’, Providers’, or Pharmacies’ activities and arrangements, if challenged, will be found to be in compliance with the law or that a new or existing law will not be implemented, enforced, or changed in a manner that is unfavorable to our business model. We cannot predict the regulatory landscape for those jurisdictions in which we operate and any significant changes in law, policies, or standards, or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, could occur with little or no notice. The majority of the consultations provided through our platform are asynchronous consultations for customers located in jurisdictions that permit the use of asynchronous telehealth (noting that in the United Kingdom, asynchronous consultations are permissible, but additional safeguards are required when prescribing certain prescription medicines). If there is a change in laws or regulations related to our business, or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, that adversely affects our structure or operations, including greater restrictions on the use of asynchronous telehealth or remote supervision of nurse practitioners or physician assistants, new or changed requirements for prescribing controlled substances through telehealth, or limitations on the ability to develop or distribute
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compounded pharmaceutical products, it could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Evolving government regulations and enforcement activities may require increased costs or adversely affect our results of operations.
In a regulatory climate that is uncertain, our operations may be subject to direct and indirect adoption, expansion or reinterpretation of various laws and regulations. This risk is especially acute in the healthcare industry given the level of government spending, oversight, and control over the industry as a whole. Compliance with these evolving laws, regulations, and interpretations may require us to change our practices at an indeterminable and possibly significant initial monetary and annual expense. These additional monetary expenditures may increase future overhead, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
There could be laws and regulations applicable to our business that we have not identified or that, if changed, may be costly to us, and we cannot predict all the ways in which implementation of such laws and regulations may affect us.
Due to uncertainty and other factors in the regulatory environment, certain states, federal agencies or other national regulatory agencies may determine that we are in violation of their laws and regulations. If we must remedy such violations, we may be required to modify our business and services in a manner that undermines our platform’s attractiveness to customers, we may become subject to fines or other penalties or, if we determine that the requirements to operate in compliance in certain states are overly burdensome, we may elect to terminate our operations in such states or eliminate certain products or services. In each case, our revenue may decline and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Additionally, the introduction of new products, services or solutions to our platform may require us to comply with additional, yet undetermined, laws and regulations. Compliance may require obtaining appropriate federal, state, or local or national licenses or certificates, increasing our security measures and expending additional resources to monitor developments in applicable rules and ensure compliance. The failure to adequately comply with these future laws and regulations may delay or possibly prevent our products or services from being offered to customers, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Changes in public policy, including those that mandate or enhance healthcare coverage, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, and results of operations.
Our mission is to help the world feel great through the power of better health. It is reasonably possible that our business operations and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by public policy changes at the federal, state, or local level, which include mandatory or enhanced healthcare coverage. Such changes may present us with new marketing and other challenges, which may, for example, cause use of our products and services to decrease or make doing business in particular states less attractive. If we fail to adequately respond to such changes, including by implementing effective operational and strategic initiatives, or do not do so as effectively as our competitors, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
We cannot predict the enactment or content of new legislation and regulations or changes to existing laws or regulations or their enforcement, interpretation or application, or the effect they will have on our business or results of operations, which could be materially adverse. Even if we could predict such matters, we may not be able to reduce or eliminate the potential adverse impact of legislative or enforcement changes that could fundamentally change the dynamics of our industry.
Changes in insurance and healthcare laws in the United States, as well as the potential for further healthcare reform legislation and regulation, have created uncertainty in the healthcare industry and could materially affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, each enacted in March 2010, generally known as the “Health Care Reform Law,” significantly expanded health insurance coverage to uninsured Americans and changed the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private payors. Since then, the Health Care Reform Law has prompted legislative efforts to significantly modify or repeal it, which may impact how the federal government responds to lawsuits challenging the Health Care Reform Law. We cannot predict what further reform
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proposals, if any, will be adopted, when they may be adopted, or what impact they may have on our business. While we currently only accept payments from customers—not any third parties or insurance providers—if we were to start accepting reimbursement from insurance providers or other third parties in the future, our business model could be impacted by healthcare reform whether or not we begin taking reimbursement or payments from third parties other than customers. If we are required to comply with the Health Care Reform Law and fail to comply or are unable to effectively manage such risks and uncertainties, our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Failure to comply with anti-bribery, anti-corruption, and anti-money laundering laws could subject us to penalties and other adverse consequences.
We are subject to the FCPA and other anti-corruption, anti-bribery, and anti-money laundering laws in the jurisdictions in which we do business, both domestic and abroad. These laws generally prohibit us and our employees from improperly influencing government officials or commercial parties in order to obtain or retain business, direct business to any person, or gain any improper advantage. The FCPA and similar applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws also prohibit our third-party business partners, representatives, and agents from engaging in corruption and bribery. We and our third-party business partners, representatives, and agents may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities. We may be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party business partners and intermediaries, our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. These laws also require that we keep accurate books and records and maintain internal controls and compliance procedures designed to prevent any such actions. While we have policies and procedures to address compliance with such laws, we cannot assure that our employees and agents will not take actions in violation of our policies or applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible. Our exposure for violating these laws will increase as we continue to expand internationally and as we commence sales and operations in foreign jurisdictions. Any violation of the FCPA or other applicable anti-bribery, anti-corruption, and anti-money laundering laws could result in whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage, investigations, imposition of significant legal fees, loss of export privileges, severe criminal or civil sanctions, or suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracts, substantial diversion of management’s attention, drop in stock price, or overall adverse consequences to our business, all of which may have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The products we sell and our third-party suppliers are subject to FDA regulations and other international, federal, state and local requirements and if we or our third-party suppliers fail to comply with international, federal, state, and local requirements, our ability to fulfill customers’ orders through our platform could be impaired.
The products available through our platform, and the third-party suppliers and manufacturers of these products, including our Manufacturing Suppliers, are subject to extensive regulation by the FDA and international, federal, state and local authorities, including prescription drug products, over-the-counter drugs, prescription medical devices, over-the-counter medical devices, cosmetics and dietary supplements. These authorities can enforce regulations related to methods and documentation of the testing, production, compounding, control, safety, quality assurance, labeling, packaging, sterilization, storage, shipping, marketing, and sale of products. Government regulations specific to pharmaceuticals and medical devices are wide ranging and govern, among other things: the ability to bring a pharmaceutical to market, the conditions under which it can be compounded, the conditions under which it can be sold, the conditions under which it must be manufactured, and permissible claims that may be made for such product. Failure to meet, or changes to any international, federal, state, or local requirements attendant to the testing, compounding, production, distribution, labeling, packaging, handling, sales and marketing, continued safety and/or other aspects of a regulated product, including any changes to the interpretation or enforcement of such requirements or any exemptions from such requirements, could result in enforcement actions, impede our ability to provide access to affected products, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and operations.
We may be subject to fines, penalties, and injunctions if we are determined to be promoting the use of products for unapproved uses, unapproved drugs, or in a false or misleading manner, or if the FDA determines that any of our compounded products do not meet the requirements for exemption under Section 503A or Section 503B of the FDCA, as applicable.
The prescription drug and medical device products available through our platform require approval or authorization by the FDA (and equivalent regulatory authorities in the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Canada) and are subject to the limitations placed by the FDA (or equivalent regulatory authorities in the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Canada)
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on the approved or authorized uses in the product prescribing information. FDA has the authority to impose significant restrictions on approved drug products and medical devices through regulations on advertising, promotional and distribution activities. Some of these products are prescribed by Providers on the platform for “off-label” uses. While we believe our product promotion is conducted in material compliance with FDA and other regulations, if the FDA determines that our product promotion constitutes promotion of an unapproved use of an approved product or of an unapproved product, or is otherwise inconsistent with applicable FDA laws and regulations, the FDA could request that we modify our product promotion or subject us to regulatory and/or legal enforcement actions, including the issuance of a warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine, and criminal penalties.
It is also possible that other federal, state, or foreign enforcement authorities might take action if they consider the product promotion to constitute promotion of an unapproved use of an approved product or of an unapproved product, or with respect to the United Kingdom, the European Union, Australia, and Canada, the promotion of prescription only medicines to the general public (which is prohibited), and could result in significant fines or penalties under other statutes, such as laws prohibiting false claims for reimbursement or local advertising requirements in the United Kingdom, the European Union, Australia, and Canada. In addition, certain of the products available through our platform are compounded drug products under Section 503A of the FDCA. While we believe the compounded drug products available through our platform meet the requirements for exemption under Section 503A of the FDCA, if the FDA determines that such products do not meet the requirements for exemption, the FDA could subject us, our Facilities, Partner Pharmacies, Affiliated Medical Groups, Providers, or Manufacturing Suppliers to regulatory and/or legal enforcement actions, such as the issuance of a warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine, and criminal penalties. Our product offerings include proprietary product formulas that we market as cosmetic products. In recent years, the FDA has issued warning letters to several cosmetic companies alleging improper claims regarding their cosmetic products, and we could similarly be subject to enforcement action if we market our cosmetic products using drug claims or otherwise promote them for non-cosmetic purposes. Other federal, state, or foreign enforcement authorities might also take action against us or our Facilities, Partner Pharmacies, Affiliated Medical Groups, Providers or Manufacturing Suppliers if they determine that compounded drug products available through our platform do not meet applicable legal or regulatory requirements. In addition, Section 503A requires the pharmacy to obtain individual prescriptions establishing that the compounded drug is necessary for each drug prescribed for each of our customers, and also limits compounded drugs that are “essentially copies” of commercially available FDA-approved drugs, including those with the same route of administration. These restrictions create limitations on our ability to market compounded drugs that have the same active ingredients and route of administration as FDA-approved drugs.
Further, we previously sourced certain compounded GLP-1 products that we provided access to on our platform from 503B outsourcing facilities, which was permitted based on a previous shortage with respect to FDA-approved injectable semaglutide. A 503B outsourcing facility must meet certain conditions under Section 503B of the FDCA that are in some cases more stringent than under Section 503A of the FDCA. Following resolution of the shortage, we currently only use 503A compounding pharmacies for the fulfillment and dispensing of compounded GLP-1 products. In March 2026, we announced a strategic shift for our U.S. weight loss offering. As a result, we evolved our United States weight loss offering to match our global approach towards providing access to branded GLP-1 medications, and offering access to compounded GLP-1 products through the platform on a limited scale. Although we believe our products meet the applicable requirements of the FDCA, additional changes to the regulatory requirements for compounding GLP-1 products may adversely impact our financial conditions and business operations, and we cannot predict such changes.
In addition, FDA regulates all labeling and advertisements for prescription and over-the-counter drugs and medical devices. FDA prohibits false or misleading promotional statements and has broad authority to determine whether a communication is “false or misleading”, including taking into account whether a communication fails to disclose material facts in light of the representations made. These restrictions may be more limiting for compounded products as compared with FDA-approved products regarding efficacy and safety claims, which may impact our ability to compete against the sale of comparable FDA-approved products. If the FDA determines that our product promotion or a communication is “false or misleading”, or is otherwise inconsistent with applicable FDA laws and regulations, the FDA could request that we modify our product promotion or subject us to regulatory and/or legal enforcement actions, including the issuance of a warning letter, injunction, seizure, civil fine, and criminal penalties. While we believe our product promotion is in material compliance with FDA and other regulations, we have previously received warning letters from FDA related to promotion of our compounded products and could be subject to other actions by the FDA or other federal, state, or foreign enforcement authorities in the future. See the risk factor titled “—If we are unable to expand or maintain the scope of our offerings, including the number and type of products and services that we offer, the number and quality of Providers serving our customers, and the number and types of conditions capable of being
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treated through our platform, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.”
Any regulatory or legal enforcement actions by the FDA or other federal, state, or foreign enforcement authorities against us, our Facilities, Partner Pharmacies, Manufacturing Suppliers, Affiliated Medical Groups or Providers could result in lawsuits, which even if unfounded can be costly and distracting, harm our reputation, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We face the risk of product liability claims and may not be able to maintain or obtain insurance.
Our business involves third-party Providers performing medical consultations and prescribing medication to our customers, as well as the fulfillment and distribution of pharmaceuticals, including compounded pharmaceuticals, by the Pharmacies and Partner Pharmacies. This activity, as well as the sale of other products on our platform, exposes us to the risk of product liability claims. In addition, the products that we sell could become subject to contamination, product tampering, mislabeling, recall or other damage, and errors in the dispensing and packaging of drugs and consuming drugs in a manner that is not prescribed could lead to serious injury or death. We may be subject to product liability claims if products obtained or prescribed through our platform cause, or merely appear to have caused, an injury. Claims may be made by customers, third-party service providers or manufacturers of products and services we make available. Although we have product liability insurance that we believe is appropriate, this insurance is subject to deductibles and coverage limitations. Our current product liability insurance may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all, and, if available, the coverage may not be adequate to protect us against any future product liability claims. If we are unable to obtain insurance at an acceptable cost or on acceptable terms with adequate coverage or otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, we will be exposed to significant liabilities, which may harm our business. A product liability claim, recall or other claim with respect to uninsured liabilities or for amounts in excess of insured liabilities could result in significant costs and significant harm to our business.
We may be subject to claims against us even if the apparent injury is due to the actions of others or misuse of the prescribed medication or other product. These liabilities could prevent or interfere with our growth and expansion efforts. Defending a suit, regardless of merit, could be costly and could divert management attention, and any product liability claims, recalls or suits, even if without merit or limited in scope and operational impact, may result in adverse publicity or result in reduced acceptance of our platform and offerings.
Perceptions regarding the safety, efficacy, and quality of compounded drugs may significantly harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Compounded drug products, unlike FDA approved drugs, are exempt from certain FDA premarket review for safety, efficacy, or quality. As a result, healthcare professionals, patients, policymakers, and the media may perceive compounded drugs, including our products, as presenting greater safety or efficacy risks than FDA‑approved alternatives. These perceptions may arise from the inherent nature of compounding, from adverse events associated with compounded drugs generally, or from safety concerns involving us or other market participants, even if unrelated to our operations. In addition, negative perceptions can arise from other matters related to us or other developments in the industry, including recent communications issued by the FDA and HHS. See the risk factor titled “We may be subject to fines, penalties, and injunctions if we are determined to be promoting the use of products for unapproved uses, unapproved drugs, or in a false or misleading manner, or if the FDA were to determine that any of our compounded products do not meet the requirements for exemption under Section 503A or Section 503B of the FDCA, as applicable.” Heightened scrutiny of compounded drugs, which could stem from FDA safety alerts, adverse event reports, product recalls, contamination incidents at compounding facilities, or publicized enforcement actions, whether related to us, our products or otherwise, may lead to reduced physician and patient confidence in compounded products. This could decrease demand for our compounded offerings, including our GLP-1 products and any peptide products we may offer, or prompt customers to transition to FDA‑approved drugs.
Negative perceptions regarding compounded drugs may also increase the likelihood of regulatory inquiries by the FDA or other federal or state government agencies, inspections, or enforcement actions, as well as civil product liability or consumer litigation. Perceptions regarding these or other matters, including the recent communications issued by the FDA and HHS, have led and may continue to lead to increased scrutiny, inquiries, or adverse action by our business partners or third-party service providers, even where no deficiency exists in our practices or the practices of a Partner Pharmacy, Pharmacy or other Facility, or Manufacturing Supplier. If negative perceptions regarding compounded drugs or the recent FDA and HHS communications persist or intensify, our ability to maintain existing customer relationships, acquire new customers, or expand our compounded
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drug portfolio could be materially impaired, which would significantly harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The information that we provide to Providers, customers, and our partners could be inaccurate or incomplete, which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We collect and transmit healthcare-related information to and from our customers, Providers on our platform, Pharmacies and Partner Pharmacies in connection with the telehealth consultations conducted by the Providers and prescription medication fulfillment by the Pharmacies and our Partner Pharmacies, which may be assisted by AI tools in certain instances. If the data or suggestions that we provide to our customers, Providers on our platform, Pharmacies or Partner Pharmacies, which may be aided by AI tools, are incorrect or incomplete or if mistakes are made in the capture or input of such data, our reputation may suffer and we could be subject to claims of liability for resulting damages. While we maintain insurance coverage, this coverage may prove to be inadequate or could cease to be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all. Even unsuccessful claims could result in substantial costs and the diversion of management resources. A claim brought against us that is uninsured or under-insured could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our use, disclosure, and other processing of personal information, including health information, is subject to federal, provincial, state, and foreign privacy and security regulations, and our failure to comply with those regulations or to adequately secure the information we hold could result in significant liability or reputational harm and, in turn, a material adverse effect on our customers, the Affiliated Medical Groups and/or their Providers, the Pharmacies, our revenue, our business, and/or our financial condition.
Numerous U.S. federal, state, provincial, and foreign laws and regulations govern the collection, dissemination, use, privacy, confidentiality, security, availability, integrity, and other processing of health information and other types of personal data or personal information. We have developed and maintain policies and procedures with respect to health information and personal information that we use or disclose in connection with our operations, including the adoption of administrative, physical, and technical safeguards to protect such information. As our business operations continue to develop, including through the launch of new product offerings or the development of new services, we may collect additional sensitive health and personal information from our customers that could create additional compliance obligations and may increase our exposure to compliance and regulatory risks regarding the protection and dissemination of such information.
In the United States, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”), which establishes a set of national privacy and security standards for the protection of protected health information by health plans, healthcare clearinghouses, and certain healthcare providers, referred to as covered entities, and the business associates with whom such covered entities contract for services. We believe that, because of our operating processes, in relation to our customers, we are not a covered entity or a business associate under HIPAA. However, to the extent we begin accepting payment from third parties or insurance providers, we may become subject to HIPAA in relation to our customers and could face penalties and fines if we fail to comply with applicable requirements of HIPAA and its implementing regulations. Regardless of whether or not we meet the definition of a covered entity or business associate under HIPAA, we have executed business associate agreements with certain other parties and have assumed obligations that are based upon HIPAA-related requirements.
In addition to HIPAA, numerous other federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations protect the confidentiality, privacy, availability, integrity, and security of health information and other types of personal information. These laws establish differing requirements regarding, among other things, the collection, use, disclosure, retention, safeguarding, breach notification, cross-border transfer, and other processing of personal information, including health information. This complex, dynamic legal landscape regarding privacy, data protection, information security, and, in particular, AI creates significant compliance burdens for us, the Affiliated Medical Groups, the Pharmacies, and the Providers, and potentially exposes us to additional expense, adverse publicity, and liability. For example, in July 2026, the FTC filed a complaint against the Company alleging violations of Section 5 of the FTC Act and certain provisions of ROSCA and analogous state statutes with respect to the Company's privacy, advertising, subscription, and cancellation practices. The defense or resolution of this matter could materially adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or business.
While we have implemented data privacy and security measures in an effort to comply with applicable laws and regulations relating to privacy and data protection, some health information and other personal or confidential information is transmitted to us by third parties, who may not implement adequate security and privacy measures, and it is possible that laws, rules, and regulations relating to privacy, data protection, or information security may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is
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inconsistent with our practices or those of third parties who transmit health information and other personal or confidential information to us. If we or these third parties are found to have violated such laws, rules, or regulations, it could result in government-imposed fines, orders requiring that we or these third parties change our or their practices, or criminal charges, which could materially and adversely affect our business. Complying with these various laws and regulations could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices, systems, and compliance procedures in a manner adverse to our business.
For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act and the California Privacy Rights Act require, among other things, covered companies to provide certain disclosures to California consumers and afford such consumers abilities to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. Similar legislation has been proposed or adopted in other states.
In Australia, the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth), together with applicable health information, cybersecurity, and consumer protection laws, governs the collection, use, disclosure, and protection of personal information, including health information, which is afforded additional protections under Australian law. These laws impose obligations relating to governance, transparency, security, accountability, and breach response, and Australian regulators, including the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner (“OAIC”) and the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (“ACCC”), have broad investigative and enforcement powers with respect to privacy and certain consumer protection matters. Actual or alleged noncompliance may result in regulatory investigations, substantial penalties, complaints, class action litigation, increased compliance and operational costs, reputational harm, and restrictions on our ability to collect, use, disclose, or otherwise process personal information in Australia.
In Canada, the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (“PIPEDA”), together with applicable provincial privacy and health information laws, governs the collection, use, disclosure, safeguarding, and, in certain circumstances, breach reporting of personal information, including personal health information. Actual or alleged noncompliance may result in regulatory investigations, fines, penalties, private rights of action, increased compliance costs, and reputational harm.
In the European Union, the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) imposes strict obligations on the ability to process health-related and other personal data, including in relation to security (which requires the adoption of administrative, physical and technical safeguards designed to protect such information), collection, use and transfer of personal data. These obligations include, without limitation, several transparency requirements relating to communications with data subjects regarding the processing of their personal data, ensuring an appropriate legal basis or condition applies to the processing of personal data, limitations on the retention of personal data, increased requirements pertaining to health data, notification of data processing obligations or security incidents to the competent national data protection authorities and/or data subjects, the security and confidentiality of the personal data, and various rights that data subjects may exercise with respect to their personal data.
The GDPR has been implemented in the United Kingdom as the “UK GDPR” and sits alongside the UK Data Protection Act 2018 which implements certain United Kingdom-specific provisions and derogations to the GDPR into UK law. Under the UK GDPR, companies not established in the United Kingdom but who process personal data in relation to the offering of goods or services to individuals in the United Kingdom, or to monitor their behavior, are subject to the UK GDPR, the requirements of which are (at this time) largely aligned with those under the GDPR and may lead to significant compliance and operational costs.
The EU GDPR and UK GDPR impose strict rules on the transfer of personal data out of the European Economic Area (the “EEA”) and the United Kingdom, respectively, to other regions outside the EEA/UK, or third countries, that have not been deemed to offer “adequate” privacy protections by the competent data protection authorities, including the United States in certain circumstances, unless a derogation exists or adequate international transfer safeguards are put in place. Violations of the EU GDPR or UK GDPR may result in significant administrative fines, regulatory investigations, and claims by regulators, data controllers, or data subjects.
In Japan, the Act on the Protection of Personal Information (“APPI”) governs the processing of personal information and imposes obligations relating to, among other things, transparency, consent, third-party disclosures, security, breach reporting, and cross-border transfers of personal information. Health and medical information is generally treated as “special care-required personal information” and is subject to heightened protections under the APPI. Actual or alleged noncompliance may require changes to our systems, practices, and privacy disclosures and may result in regulatory action, penalties, and other liability.
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We also publish statements to our customers through our privacy policy that describe how we handle health information or other personal information. If federal or state regulatory authorities or private litigants consider any portion of these statements to be untrue, we may be subject to claims of deceptive practices, which could lead to significant liabilities and consequences, including, without limitation, costs of responding to investigations, defending against litigation, settling claims, and complying with regulatory or court orders. Any of the foregoing consequences could seriously harm our business and our financial results. Furthermore, the costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, the laws, regulations, and policies that are applicable to us may limit customers’ use and adoption of, and reduce the overall demand for, our platform. Any of the foregoing consequences could have a material adverse impact on our business and our financial results.
Public scrutiny of internet privacy and security issues may result in increased regulation or enforcement and/or different industry standards, which could deter or prevent us from providing services to our customers, thereby harming our business.
The regulatory framework for privacy and security issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain in flux for the foreseeable future, including the intersection of such issues with the integration of AI. Various government and consumer agencies have also called for new regulation and changes in industry practices. Practices regarding the registration, collection, processing, storage, sharing, disclosure, use, and security of personal and other information by companies offering an online service like our platform have recently come under increased public scrutiny, and federal and state governmental authorities have increased their enforcement activity and demonstrated varying interpretations of existing laws.
For example, aspects of the California Consumer Privacy Act, the California Privacy Rights Act, and similar state privacy laws continue to evolve through legislative developments, regulatory guidance, and enforcement. These laws and regulations each require particular assessment for compliance, and we may be required to modify our practices in an effort to comply with them, which may impact demand for our offerings.
In Canada, the legal and regulatory framework governing privacy, including health information privacy, is evolving rapidly, particularly with respect to the use of AI and digital health technologies. Federal and provincial regulators, as well as consumer advocacy groups, have called for new legislation and amendments to existing laws, increased regulatory oversight and enforcement, and have advanced differing interpretations of current requirements. The expanding and increasingly complex patchwork of Canadian privacy and health privacy laws may increase our compliance obligations and expose us to significant fines, penalties, regulatory investigations, and private rights of action in the event of actual or alleged noncompliance, including breaches or improper handling of personal health information. Compliance with these evolving requirements may require us to modify our business practices, systems, and controls, resulting in increased operational costs, potential limitations on our products and services, and adverse effects on demand for our offerings in Canada.
Additionally, in the European Union and the United Kingdom, the legal and regulatory framework governing privacy, data protection, and international data transfers continues to evolve through legislative developments, judicial decisions, regulatory guidance, and enforcement activity. For example, in July 2023, the European Commission adopted an adequacy decision concluding that the United States ensures an adequate level of protection for personal data transferred from the EEA to the United States under the EU-U.S. Data Privacy Framework (which was followed in October 2023 with the adoption of an adequacy decision in the United Kingdom for the UK-United States Data Bridge). However, the adequacy decision does not foreclose, and continues to face, legal challenges, and the ongoing legal uncertainty may increase our costs and impact our ability to efficiently process personal data from the EEA or the UK. Under the EU GDPR and UK GDPR, data protection authorities in these territories have the power to impose significant administrative fines for violations, which may also lead to damages claims by data controllers and data subjects.
In Australia, the legal and regulatory framework governing privacy, health information, cybersecurity, consumer protection, and AI continues to evolve and has become increasingly enforcement-driven. Recent and proposed reforms to the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) have expanded the powers of the OAIC, increased available penalties, introduced additional enforcement mechanisms, and strengthened expectations regarding governance, transparency, security, and accountability. Regulators, including the OAIC and the ACCC, are increasingly scrutinizing digital products, customer acquisition channels, online choice architecture, subscription models, profiling, personalized marketing, and the development and deployment of AI systems. These developments may require us to modify our products, services, systems, or business practices, increase our compliance costs, or subject us to increased regulatory scrutiny, investigations, litigation, penalties, or other liability.
In Japan, the APPI is subject to periodic review and amendment. Most recently, amendments promulgated in July 2026 are expected to strengthen available enforcement measures, including through the introduction of a surcharge regime for certain violations, with additional implementing rules, cabinet orders, and regulatory guidance expected to follow. As these requirements continue to develop, we may be required to modify our systems, products, services, privacy practices, or compliance programs, which could increase our compliance costs or expose us to additional regulatory scrutiny or liability.
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Our business, including our ability to operate and to continue to expand internationally, could be adversely affected if legislation or regulations are adopted, interpreted, or implemented in a manner that is inconsistent with our current business practices and that require changes to these practices, the design of our websites, mobile applications, offerings, or our privacy policies. In particular, the success of our business has been, and we expect will continue to be, driven by our ability to responsibly gather and use data from data subjects. Therefore, our business could be harmed by any significant change to, or actual or perceived non-compliance with, applicable laws or regulations (or the interpretation or enforcement thereof), or industry standards or practices, including regarding the storage, use, disclosure, or other processing of data our customers or the Providers on our platform share with us, or regarding the manner in which the express or implied consent of customers or Providers for such collection, analysis, and disclosure is obtained. Such changes may require us to modify our platform, possibly in a material manner, and may limit our ability to develop new offerings, functionality, or features.
Security breaches, loss of data, and other disruptions, including attacks facilitated by AI, could compromise sensitive information related to our business or customers, or prevent us from accessing critical information and expose us to liability, which could adversely affect our business and our reputation.
In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, store, use and disclose sensitive data, including health information and other types of personal information. We also process and store, and use additional third parties to process and store, confidential and proprietary information such as intellectual property and other proprietary business information, including that of our customers, the Providers on our platform, and partners. Our customer information is encrypted but not always de-identified. We manage and maintain our platform and data utilizing a combination of managed data center systems and cloud-based computing center systems.
We are highly dependent on information technology networks and systems, including the internet, to securely process, transmit, and store this critical information. Security breaches of this infrastructure, including physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses, attacks by hackers and similar breaches, and employee or contractor error, negligence or malfeasance, can create system disruptions, shutdowns, or unauthorized disclosure or modifications of information, causing sensitive, confidential or proprietary information to be accessed or acquired without authorization, or to become publicly available. We utilize vendors and other third-party service providers for important aspects of the collection, storage, transmission, and verification of customer information and other confidential, and sensitive information, and therefore rely on third parties to manage functions that have material cybersecurity risks. Because of the nature of the sensitive, confidential, and proprietary information that we and our service providers collect, store, transmit, and otherwise process, the security of our and our vendors’ technology platforms and other aspects of our services, including those provided or facilitated by third-party service providers, are important to our operations and business strategy. We take certain administrative, legal, physical, and technological safeguards to address these risks, such as requiring outsourcing subcontractors who handle customer, user, and patient information for us to enter into agreements that contractually obligate those subcontractors to use reasonable efforts to safeguard sensitive, confidential, and proprietary information. Measures taken to protect our systems, those of our vendors or other third-party service providers, or sensitive, confidential, and proprietary information that we or such third-party service providers process or maintain, may not adequately protect us from the risks associated with the collection, storage, and transmission of such information. We and certain of our vendors have experienced security breaches or other disruptions in the past, and we expect that other vendors or third-party service providers will experience such breaches or other disruptions in the future. While no incidents have had a material impact on our business, financial condition, or results of operations to date, we cannot guarantee that material incidents will not occur in the future. Although we take steps to help protect sensitive, confidential, and proprietary information from unauthorized access or disclosure, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or viruses, failures or breaches due to third-party action, employee negligence or error, malfeasance, or other disruptions.
Increased global IT security threats and more sophisticated and targeted computer crime, including through the use of increasingly sophisticated AI tools, pose a risk to the security of our systems, Facilities, operations, supply chain, and networks and to the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of our data. There have been several recent, highly publicized cases in which organizations of various types and sizes have reported the unauthorized disclosure of customer or other confidential information, as well as cyberattacks involving the dissemination, theft and destruction of corporate information, intellectual property, cash, or other valuable assets. There have also been several highly publicized cases in which hackers have requested “ransom” payments in exchange for not disclosing customer or other confidential information or for not disabling the target company’s computer or other systems. A security breach or privacy violation that leads to disclosure or unauthorized use or modification of, or that prevents access to or otherwise impacts the confidentiality, security, or integrity of, sensitive,
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confidential, or proprietary information we or our vendors or other third-party service providers maintain or otherwise process, could harm our reputation, compel us to comply with breach notification laws, and cause us to incur significant costs for remediation, fines, penalties, notification to individuals and governmental authorities, implementation of measures intended to repair or replace systems or technology, and to prevent future occurrences, potential increases in insurance premiums, and forensic security audits or investigations. As a result, a security breach or privacy violation could result in material increased costs or loss of revenue. AI may enable malicious actors to automate attacks, increase their speed, scale and sophistication, and exploit previously unknown or unremediated system vulnerabilities. These developments may shorten the time between vulnerability discovery and exploitation and make attacks more difficult to detect and counteract.
While we have not experienced any material cybersecurity threats or incidents in recent years, there can be no guarantee that we will not be the subject of future threats or incidents. Like other companies, we are subject to cybersecurity threats and cybersecurity incidents from time to time. For example, in early February 2026, we identified a cybersecurity incident (the “Incident”) in which an unauthorized third party gained access to certain of our systems by means of a social engineering attack on two employees. In response to the Incident, we promptly initiated our cybersecurity response plans and took steps to assess, contain, and remediate the unauthorized activity, including isolating the affected systems, launching an investigation with the assistance of external cybersecurity advisors, and coordinating with law enforcement. We have completed the required regulatory and individual notifications.
If we are unable to prevent other such security breaches or privacy violations or implement satisfactory remedial measures, or if it is perceived that we have been unable to do so, our operations could be disrupted, we may be unable to provide access to our platform, and could suffer a loss of customers or Providers or a decrease in the use of our platform, and we may suffer loss of reputation, adverse impacts on customer, Provider, and partner confidence, financial loss, governmental investigations or other actions, regulatory or contractual penalties, and other claims and liability. In addition, security breaches and other inappropriate access to, or acquisition or processing of, information can be difficult to detect, and any delay in identifying such incidents or in providing any notification of such incidents may lead to increased harm.
Any such breach or interruption of our systems or any of our third-party information technology partners, could compromise our networks or data security processes and sensitive, confidential, or proprietary information could be inaccessible or could be accessed by unauthorized parties, publicly disclosed, lost, or stolen. Any such interruption in access, improper access, disclosure or other loss of such information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws and regulations that protect the privacy of customer information or other personal information, and regulatory penalties. Unauthorized access, loss or dissemination could also disrupt our operations, Facilities, or supply chain, including our ability to operate our platform and perform our services, our ability to operate our Facilities, fulfill orders, provide customer assistance services, conduct research and development activities, collect, process, and prepare company financial information, provide information about our current and future offerings, and engage in other user and clinician education and outreach efforts. Any such breach or disruption could also result in the compromise of our trade secrets and other proprietary information, which could adversely affect our business and competitive position. We may also not be fully indemnified for the costs we may incur as a result of any such breach at one of our vendors or other third-party service providers.
While we maintain insurance covering certain security and privacy damages and claim expenses, we may not carry insurance or maintain coverage sufficient to compensate for all liability and in any event, insurance coverage would not address the reputational damage that could result from a security incident. In addition, cyber liability insurance is expensive and insurance premiums may increase significantly and/or we may have trouble obtaining adequate cyber insurance in the future based upon increasing global IT security threats. Any data privacy or security claims made against us or relating to our business that are not fully covered by insurance could be costly to defend against, result in substantial damage awards against us, and divert the attention of our management, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Failure to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights could harm our business and results of operations.
Our intellectual property includes the content of our websites, software code, electronic medical records system, mobile applications, unregistered copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets. We believe that our intellectual property is an essential asset of our business. If we do not adequately protect our intellectual property, our brand and reputation could be harmed and competitors may be able to use our technologies and erode or negate any competitive advantage we may have, which could materially harm our business, negatively affect our position in the marketplace, limit our ability to commercialize our technology, and delay or render impossible our achievement of profitability. A failure to protect our intellectual property in a
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cost-effective and meaningful manner could have a material adverse effect on our ability to compete. We regard the protection of our trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, trade dress, databases, and domain names as critical to our success. We strive to protect our intellectual property rights by relying on federal, state, and common law rights and other rights provided under foreign laws. These laws are subject to change at any time and could further restrict our ability to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights. In addition, the existing laws of certain foreign countries in which we operate may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. We also have a practice of entering into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and contractors, and often enter into confidentiality agreements with parties with whom we conduct business in order to limit access to, and disclosure and use of, our proprietary information. In addition, from time to time we make our technology and other intellectual property available to others under license agreements, including open-source license agreements and trademark licenses under agreements with our partners for the purpose of co-branding or co-marketing our products or services. However, these contractual arrangements and the other steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights may not prevent the misappropriation of our proprietary information, infringement of our intellectual property rights, or disclosure of trade secrets and other proprietary information, or deter independent development of similar or competing technologies or duplication of our technologies, and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of such misappropriation or infringement.
Obtaining and maintaining effective intellectual property rights is expensive, as are the costs of defending our rights. We make business decisions about when to file applications or registrations to protect our intellectual property and rely upon trade secret protection, and the approach we select may ultimately prove to be inadequate. We are seeking or may seek to protect certain of our intellectual property rights through filing applications for copyrights, trademarks, and domain names in a number of jurisdictions, a process that is expensive and may not be successful in all jurisdictions. Even where we have intellectual property rights, they may later be found to be unenforceable or have a limited scope of enforceability. In addition, we may not seek to pursue such protection in every jurisdiction. In particular, we believe it is important to maintain, protect, and enhance our brand.
Accordingly, we pursue the registration of domain names and our trademarks and service marks in the United States and in some jurisdictions outside of the United States. We may, over time, increase our investment in protecting innovations through investments in filings, registrations or similar steps to protect our intellectual property, and these processes are expensive and time-consuming.
In order to protect our intellectual property rights, we may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect these rights. We may not always detect infringement of our intellectual property rights, and defending or enforcing our intellectual property rights, even if successfully detected, prosecuted, enjoined, or remedied, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our proprietary rights, or determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights claimed by others. Any litigation of this nature, regardless of outcome or merit, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources, any of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. We may also incur significant costs in enforcing our trademarks against those who attempt to imitate our brand and other valuable trademarks and service marks. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims, countersuits, and adversarial proceedings such as oppositions, inter partes review, post-grant review, re-examination, or other post-issuance proceedings, that attack the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Furthermore, because of the substantial amount of discovery required in connection with intellectual property litigation, there is a risk that some of our confidential or sensitive information could be compromised by disclosure in the event of litigation. In addition, during the course of litigation, there could be public announcements of the results of hearings, motions or other interim proceedings or developments. If securities analysts or investors perceive these results to be negative, it could have a substantial adverse effect on the price of our Class A common stock.
If we fail to maintain, protect, and enhance our intellectual property rights, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be harmed.
We are, and may in the future be, subject to claims that we violated intellectual property rights of others, which are extremely costly to defend and could require us to pay significant damages and limit our ability to operate.
Companies in our industry, and other intellectual property rights holders seeking to profit from royalties in connection with grants of licenses, own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets, and frequently enter into litigation
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based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. In addition, intellectual property rights, including use of an individual’s likeness and related trademarks, are a key asset of the influencers we work with and any use by us of such assets is often heavily negotiated. Our future success depends in part on not infringing upon the intellectual property rights of others and being successful in overcoming any claims of infringement brought against us. We have in the past and may in the future receive notices or be subject to lawsuits that claim we have misappropriated, infringed, or otherwise misused other parties’ intellectual property rights. The intellectual property disputes that we face may increase in number and/or materiality as a result of our expansion, product categories, and competitive dynamics. Additionally, we may be unaware of the intellectual property rights of others that may cover some or all of our technology. Because patent applications can take years to issue and are often afforded confidentiality for some period of time, there may currently be pending applications, unknown to us, that later result in issued patents that could cover our technology.
Any intellectual property claim against us or parties indemnified by us, regardless of merit, could be time consuming and expensive to settle or litigate and could divert our management’s attention and other resources. These claims also could subject us to significant liability for damages and could result in our having to stop using technology, content, branding or business methods found to be in violation of another party’s rights. We might be required or may opt to seek a license for rights to intellectual property held by others, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Even if a license is available, we could be required to pay significant royalties, which would increase our operating expenses. We may also be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology, content, branding or business methods, which could require significant effort and expense, be infeasible, or make us less competitive in the market. Such disputes could also disrupt our business, which would adversely impact our customer satisfaction and ability to attract customers. Some of our competitors may be able to sustain the costs of complex patent litigation more effectively than we can because they have substantially greater resources. If we cannot license or develop technology, content, branding or business methods for any allegedly infringing aspect of our business, we may be unable to compete effectively. Additionally, we may be obligated to indemnify our customers in connection with litigation and to obtain licenses or refund subscription fees, which could further exhaust our resources. In the case of infringement or misappropriation caused by technology that we obtain from third parties, any indemnification or other contractual protections we obtain from such third parties, if any, may be insufficient to cover the liabilities we incur as a result of such infringement or misappropriation. Any of these results could harm our results of operations.
Risks Related to Our Results of Operations and Capital Resources
We may not be able to maintain our profitability in any given period.
Fiscal year 2024 represented our first full year of profitability on a net income basis. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we had net income of $128.4 million, and Adjusted EBITDA of $318.0 million, compared to net income of $126.0 million and Adjusted EBITDA of $176.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our profitability in any given period. For example, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2026, we had net loss of $33.0 million and $211.4 million, respectively. We have incurred more losses than profits since our inception, and have an accumulated deficit of $325.2 million as of September 30, 2026. We expect our costs will increase in the foreseeable future and we may not be able to maintain profitability in any given period as we expect to continue to invest significant additional funds towards growing our platform, including through acquisitions, growing our Provider network, growing the capabilities of the Pharmacies and enhancing our pharmacy fulfillment system, operating as a public company, increasing our customer base, hiring certain employees, and developing new products and technological capabilities to enhance our customers’ experience on our platform. These efforts may prove more expensive than we currently anticipate, and we may not succeed in increasing our revenue sufficiently to offset these higher expenses. To date, we have financed our operations principally from the sale of equity and convertible debt instruments, revenue from our platform, and the incurrence of indebtedness. While we had positive cash flows from operations for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, we may not generate positive cash flows from operations in any given period.
We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing and highly regulated industries, including increasing expenses as we continue to grow our business. If we are not able to maintain positive cash flow in the long term, we may require additional financing, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all and which may be dilutive to our stockholders. If we are unable to successfully address these risks and challenges as we encounter them, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.
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Our results of operations, as well as the performance of our key metrics, may fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis, which may result in us failing to meet the expectations of industry and securities analysts or our investors.
Our results of operations have in the past, and could in the future, vary significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year and may fail to match the expectations of securities analysts because of a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control and, as a result, should not be relied upon as an indicator of future performance. As a result, we may not be able to accurately forecast our results of operations and growth rate. Any of these events could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to fluctuate. Factors that may contribute to the variability of our results of operations include:
•new developments on our platform or in our product offerings;
•our ability to attract and retain customers and Providers to our platform;
•changes in our pricing policies and those of our competitors;
•our ability to execute our plans to add treatment options, testing services, and Provider expertise for additional medical conditions;
•long-term treatment outcomes of customers on our platform;
•medical, technological, or other innovations in our industry or in connection with specific products that we make available on our platform;
•our ability to maintain relationships with customers, partners, and suppliers;
•our ability to retain key members of our executive leadership team;
•successful expansion of licensure and capabilities of the Pharmacies, our peptide manufacturing facility and our laboratory testing facility;
•successful expansion into international markets;
•breaches of security or privacy;
•the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures related to the expansion of our business;
•the timing of revenue recognition in a particular period;
•our ability to complete acquisitions on commercially reasonable terms and integrate acquired businesses;
•costs and the diversion of management attention related to litigation, investigations, regulatory enforcement actions, or settlements;
•changes in the legislative or regulatory environment, including with respect to practice of medicine, telehealth, pharmaceuticals or compounding, consumer protection, privacy or data protection, or enforcement by government regulators, including fines, orders, or consent decrees;
•announcements by competitors or other third parties of significant new products or acquisitions or entrance into certain markets;
•our ability to make accurate accounting estimates and appropriately recognize revenue for our platform and offerings for which there are no relevant comparable products;
•instability in the financial markets;
•global economic and trade conditions, including tariffs, economic sanctions, and trade restrictions; and
•political, economic, and social instability, including as a result of ongoing geopolitical conflicts, including war, or terrorist activities, and any disruption these events may cause to the global economy.
The impact of one or more of the foregoing and other factors may cause our results of operations to vary significantly. As such, we believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our results of operations may not always be meaningful and should not necessarily be relied upon as an indication of future performance.
We rely significantly on revenue from customers purchasing subscription-based prescription products and services in the United States and may not be successful in expanding our offerings.
To date, the significant majority of our revenue in the United States has been, and we expect it to continue to be, derived from customers who purchase subscription-based prescription products and services through our platform. In our subscription arrangements, customers select a cadence at which they wish to receive product shipments and services. Any material decline in the use of such offerings could have a pronounced impact on our future revenue and results of operations, particularly if we are
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unable to expand our offerings overall. The introduction of competing offerings with lower prices for consumers, fluctuations in prescription prices, changes in consumer purchasing habits, including an increase in the use of mail-order prescriptions, changes in the regulatory landscape, and other factors could result in changes to our contracts or a decline in our subscription revenue, which may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
The requirements of being a public company have and may continue to strain our resources, divert management’s attention, and may result in litigation.
As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Complying with these rules and regulations has increased and will continue to increase our legal, accounting, and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming, and costly, and place significant strain on our personnel, systems, and resources. As a result of the complexity involved in complying with the rules and regulations applicable to public companies, our management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
In addition, changing laws, regulations, and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs, and making some activities more time-consuming. These laws, regulations, and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We intend to continue investing in substantial resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations, and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from business operations to compliance activities.
If our efforts to comply with new or existing laws, regulations, and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and our business may be harmed. In addition, pursuant to SEC rules, we are required to make certain cybersecurity disclosures, including related to material cybersecurity incidents and the reasonably likely impact of such an incident. Determining whether a cybersecurity incident is reportable may not be straightforward and any such disclosures could be costly and lead to negative publicity, loss of customer confidence, diversion of management’s attention, and government investigations.
Further, in addition to being costly and time-consuming, any environmental, social and governance (“ESG”)-related disclosures we make may not meet investor expectations or attract additional investments in us, which could result in a decrease in the market price for our Class A common stock.
The rules and regulations applicable to public companies have made it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our Board of Directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee and compensation committee, and qualified executive officers.
As a result of disclosure of information in filings required of a public company, there may be an increased risk of threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, our business and results of operations could be harmed, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Changes in accounting rules, assumptions, or judgments could materially and adversely affect us.
Accounting rules and interpretations for certain aspects of our financial reporting are highly complex and involve significant assumptions and judgment. These complexities could lead to a delay in the preparation and dissemination of our financial statements. Furthermore, changes in accounting rules and interpretations or in our accounting assumptions or judgments could significantly impact our financial statements. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard
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retroactively, resulting in restating financial statements from prior periods. Any of these circumstances could have an adverse effect on our business, prospects, liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations.
Our plans for funding the Eucalyptus acquisition may be adversely affected to the extent there are lower-than-expected operating results or significant financial market disruptions.
In connection with our acquisition of Eucalyptus, which closed on June 1, 2026, we agreed to pay up to $1.15 billion of aggregate consideration, subject to certain adjustments. The consideration includes deferred payments payable through December 1, 2027 and potential earn-out consideration payable through early 2029. We expect to fund any cash portion of our future payment obligations with cash on hand, including cash generated from future operations, and may choose to obtain additional financing by accessing the capital markets, which may include the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities. We also have the ability, at our option, to satisfy a significant majority of our deferred and earn-out consideration obligations through issuances of equity to certain former Eucalyptus equityholders rather than cash payments. If our operating results are lower than expected or significant market disruptions occur, our cash on hand and available liquidity may be insufficient to fund the consideration in cash, or may limit our ability to issue debt or equity securities. In that case, we may choose to issue equity to certain Eucalyptus equityholders to satisfy some of our payment obligations, which would be dilutive to our existing shareholders. See the risk factors titled “Risks Related to Our Business—Acquisitions and investments could result in operating difficulties, dilution, and other harmful consequences that may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Additionally, if we are not able to identify and successfully acquire suitable businesses, our results of operations and prospects could be harmed” and “Risks Related to Our Results of Operations and Capital Resources—We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.”
We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
We intend to continue to make investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new products or services, or enhance our existing platform and associated offerings, enhance our operating infrastructure and acquire complementary businesses and technologies. In order to achieve these objectives, we may make future commitments of capital resources. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. For example, in February 2025, we entered into a Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement with certain lenders and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative and collateral agent, which provides for a three-year senior secured revolving line of credit in an amount up to $175.0 million. In May 2025, we issued $1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 0% convertible senior notes due 2030, the total net proceeds from which were $968.7 million. In May 2026, we issued $402.5 million aggregate principal amount of 0% convertible senior notes due 2032, the total net proceeds from which were $389.5 million. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges superior to those of holders of our Class A common stock. Any other debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters. In addition, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. The possibility of a significant economic downturn, increased interest rates, or disruptions in the global financial markets may make it more difficult to access available capital and may reduce our ability to secure financing on favorable terms. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited.
Our indebtedness and liabilities could limit the cash flow available for our operations, expose us to risks that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and impair our ability to satisfy our obligations under the Convertible Notes.
As of September 30, 2026, we had $14.0 million in letters of credit outstanding under our revolving credit facility sub-limit and $1.4 billion principal amount of indebtedness under the Convertible Notes. We may also incur additional indebtedness, including under our revolving credit facility, to meet future financing needs. Our indebtedness could have significant negative consequences for our securityholders and our business, results of operations and financial condition by, among other things:
•increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions;
•limiting our ability to obtain additional financing;
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•requiring the dedication of a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to service our indebtedness, which will reduce the amount of cash available for other purposes;
•limiting our flexibility to plan for, or react to, changes in our business;
•diluting the interests of our existing stockholders as a result of issuing shares of our Class A common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes; and
•placing us at a possible competitive disadvantage with competitors that are less leveraged than us or have better access to capital.
Our business may not generate sufficient funds, and we may otherwise be unable to maintain sufficient cash reserves, to pay amounts due under our indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes, and our cash needs may increase in the future. In addition, our revolving credit facility contains, and any future indebtedness that we may incur may contain, financial and other restrictive covenants that limit our ability to operate our business, raise capital or make payments under our other indebtedness. If we fail to comply with these covenants or to make payments under our indebtedness when due, then we would be in default under that indebtedness, which could, in turn, result in that and our other indebtedness becoming immediately payable in full.
We may be unable to raise the funds necessary to repurchase the Convertible Notes for cash following a fundamental change or to pay any cash amounts due upon maturity or conversion of the Convertible Notes, and our other indebtedness may limit our ability to repurchase the Convertible Notes or to pay any cash amounts due upon their maturity or conversion.
Holders of our Convertible Notes may, subject to limited exceptions, require us to repurchase their notes following a fundamental change at a cash repurchase price generally equal to the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid special and additional interest, if any. Upon maturity of the Convertible Notes, we must pay their principal amount and accrued and unpaid special and additional interest in cash, unless they have been previously repurchased, redeemed or converted. In addition, upon conversion, we will satisfy part or all of our conversion obligation in cash unless we elect to settle conversions solely in shares of our Class A common stock. We may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to repurchase the Convertible Notes or pay any cash amounts due upon their maturity or conversion. In addition, applicable law, regulatory authorities and the agreements governing our other indebtedness may restrict our ability to repurchase the Convertible Notes or to pay any cash amounts due upon their maturity or conversion. Our failure to repurchase Convertible Notes or to pay any cash amounts due upon their maturity or conversion when required will constitute a default under the indentures governing the Convertible Notes. A default under the indentures or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under agreements governing our other indebtedness, which may result in that other indebtedness becoming immediately payable in full. We may not have sufficient funds to satisfy all amounts due under the other indebtedness and the Convertible Notes.
If our estimates or judgments relating to our significant accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our results of operations could be adversely affected.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP and our key metrics require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and amounts reported in our key metrics. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include those related to valuation and recognition of stock-based compensation expense, initial and subsequent valuation of contingent consideration in business combinations or asset acquisitions, purchase price allocation for business combinations, valuation of assets acquired in an asset acquisition, estimates used in determining the useful lives of intangible assets, valuation of deferred tax assets, estimating the net realizable value of inventory, valuation of refund reserve, and estimates used in the capitalization of website development and internal-use software costs. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors.
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Adverse tax laws or regulations could be enacted or existing laws could be applied to us or our customers, which could subject us to additional tax liability and related interest and penalties, increase the costs of our offerings, and adversely impact our business.
The application of federal, state, local, and international tax laws to services provided electronically is evolving. New income, sales, use, value-added, or other tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances could be enacted at any time (possibly with retroactive effect) and could be applied solely or disproportionately to services provided over the internet or could otherwise materially affect our financial position and results of operations.
In addition, state, local, and foreign tax jurisdictions have differing rules and regulations governing sales, use, value-added, and other taxes, and these rules and regulations can be complex and are subject to varying interpretations that may change over time. Existing tax laws, statutes, rules, regulations, or ordinances could be interpreted, changed, modified, or applied adversely to us (possibly with retroactive effect). If we are required to collect and pay back taxes and associated interest and penalties, and if the amount we are required to collect and pay exceeds our estimates and reserves, or if we are unsuccessful in collecting such amounts from our customers, we could incur potentially substantial unplanned expenses, thereby adversely impacting our results of operations and cash flows. Imposition of such taxes on our services going forward or collection of sales tax from our customers in respect of prior sales could also adversely affect our sales activity and have a negative impact on our results of operations and cash flows.
One or more jurisdictions may seek to impose incremental or new sales, use, value added, or other tax collection obligations on us, including for past sales by us or our retail partners and other partners. A successful assertion by a state, country, or other jurisdiction that we should have been or should be collecting additional sales, use, value added, or other taxes on our solutions could, among other things, result in substantial tax liabilities for past sales, create significant administrative burdens for us, discourage users from utilizing our solutions, or otherwise harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Certain U.S. state tax authorities may assert that we have state nexus and seek to impose state and local income taxes which could harm our results of operations.
There is a risk that tax authorities in certain states where we do not currently file a state income tax return could assert that we are liable for state and local income taxes based upon income or gross receipts allocable to such states. States are becoming increasingly aggressive in asserting nexus for state income tax purposes. If a state tax authority successfully asserts that our activities give rise to a nexus, we could be subject to state and local taxation, including penalties and interest attributable to prior periods. Such tax assessments, penalties, and interest may adversely impact our results of operations.
Risks Related to Ownership of our Securities
Our dual class common stock structure has the effect of concentrating voting power with our Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder, Andrew Dudum, which limits an investor’s ability to influence the outcome of important transactions, including a change in control.
Shares of our Class V common stock have 175 votes per share, while shares of our Class A common stock have one vote per share. Mr. Dudum, our Chief Executive Officer, Co-Founder and Chairman of our Board of Directors, including his affiliates and permitted transferees, hold all of the issued and outstanding shares of Class V common stock. Accordingly, Mr. Dudum holds, directly or indirectly, approximately 90% of the outstanding voting power and will be able to control matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of directors, amendments of our organizational documents and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets or other major corporate transactions. Mr. Dudum may have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. This concentrated control may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their capital stock as part of a sale, and might ultimately affect the market price of shares of Class A common stock.
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As a “controlled company” within the meaning of NYSE listing standards, we qualify for exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. We have the opportunity to elect any of the exemptions afforded a controlled company.
Because Mr. Dudum controls more than a majority of our total voting power, we are a “controlled company” within the meaning of NYSE listing standards. Under NYSE Listing Rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by another person or group of persons acting together is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with the following NYSE rules regarding corporate governance:
•the requirement that a majority of its board of directors consist of independent directors;
•the requirement to have a nominating and corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors and a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities;
•the requirement to have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors and a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and
•the requirement of an annual performance evaluation of the nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees.
Currently, seven of our ten directors have been determined by our Board of Directors to be independent. We also have an independent compensation committee in addition to an independent audit committee. For as long as the “controlled company” exemption is available, our Board of Directors in the future may not consist of a majority of independent directors and may not have an independent nominating and corporate governance committee or compensation committee. As a result, you may not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the NYSE rules regarding corporate governance.
Delaware law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain certain provisions, including anti-takeover provisions, that limit the ability of stockholders to take certain actions and could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.
Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board of Directors and therefore depress the trading price of our Class A common stock. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to take certain actions, including electing directors who are not nominated by the current members of our Board of Directors or taking other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. Among other things, our certificate of incorporation and/or bylaws include provisions regarding:
•Class V common stock that is entitled to 175 votes per share;
•the ability of our stockholders to take action by written consent in lieu of a meeting for so long as Mr. Dudum and his affiliates and permitted transferees beneficially own a majority of the voting power of the then-outstanding shares of our capital stock;
•the ability of our Board of Directors to issue shares of preferred stock, including “blank check” preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer;
•the limitation of the liability of, and the indemnification of, our directors and officers;
•the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, the chairperson of the Board of Directors or the Chief Executive Officer which could delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;
•controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of Board of Directors and stockholder meetings;
•the ability of our Board of Directors to amend the bylaws, which may allow our Board of Directors to take additional actions to prevent an unsolicited takeover and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend the bylaws to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; and
•advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to our Board of Directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which could preclude stockholders from bringing matters before annual or special meetings of stockholders and delay changes in our Board of Directors.
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These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our Board of Directors or management.
In addition, our certificate of incorporation includes a provision substantially similar to Section 203 of the DGCL, which may prohibit certain stockholders holding 15% or more of our outstanding capital stock from engaging in certain business combinations with us for a specified period of time. The indentures governing our Convertible Notes contain certain provisions that could also make a third-party attempt to acquire us more difficult or expensive, including in a transaction that our securityholders may view as favorable.
Our certificate of incorporation designates a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, stockholders, employees, or agents.
Our certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, employee, agent, or stockholder, (iii) any action arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL or our certificate of incorporation or bylaws (as either may be amended from time to time), or (iv) any action asserting a claim against us governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The foregoing provisions will not apply to any claims arising under the Securities Act, and, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States will be the sole and exclusive forum for resolving any action asserting a claim arising under the Securities Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of Article XII of our certificate of incorporation will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act, or any other claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the sole and exclusive forum.
These choice of forum provisions in our certificate of incorporation may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. There is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provisions, and the enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ charter documents has been challenged in legal proceedings. It is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable, and if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The market price of our Class A common stock has been and may continue to be volatile.
The market price of our Class A common stock has fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including:
•changes in the industries in which we operate;
•variations in our operating performance and the performance of our competitors in general;
•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly or annual results of operations;
•publication of research reports by securities analysts about us or our competitors or our industry;
•commencement of, involvement in, or public statements with respect to, litigation or governmental action involving us;
•the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements, statements by our company or our management team, and our filings with the SEC;
•negative publicity and/or short-seller reports that make allegations against us or our Facilities or Affiliated Medical Groups, or our Manufacturing Suppliers, even if unfounded;
•the public’s reaction to the press releases or other public announcements or statements of our competitors or regulators that may or may not directly relate to our business or operations;
•our failure or the failure of our competitors to meet analysts’ projections or guidance that we or our competitors may give to the market;
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•additions and departures of key personnel;
•changes in laws and regulations, or enforcement thereof, affecting our business;
•changes in our capital structure, such as future issuances of securities or the incurrence of debt;
•the volume of shares of our Class A common stock available for public sale; and
•general economic and political conditions such as recessions, interest rates, fuel prices, inflation, foreign currency fluctuations, tariffs, economic sanctions and trade restrictions, social, political and economic risks, pandemics or epidemics, and acts of war or terrorism or other geopolitical conflicts.
These market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of our Class A common stock regardless of our operating performance.
The sale or the perception of future sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of our Class A common stock.
Reports published by analysts, including projections in those reports that differ from our actual results, could adversely affect the market price and trading volume of our Class A common stock.
Securities research analysts have and may continue to establish and publish their own periodic projections for us. These projections may vary widely and may not accurately predict the results we actually achieve. The share price of our Class A common stock may decline if our actual results do not match the projections of these securities research analysts. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who write reports on us downgrades our stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, the market price and volume for shares of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
There were no repurchases of our Class A common stock under the authorized 2025 Share Repurchase Program during the three months ended September 30, 2026.
Item 5. Other Information
(c) Insider trading arrangements.
During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2026, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K, except as described in the table below:
| Name and Title of Insider | Adoption, Modification or Termination | Applicable Date | Duration of Trading Arrangement | Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement? (Y / N) (1) | Aggregate Number of Securities Subject to the Trading Arrangement | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2/26/2026 - | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12/15/2026 - | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
______________
(1)Denotes whether the trading plan is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c) when adopted.
(2)Ms. Becklund resigned from the Company effective October 9, 2026.
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Item 6. Exhibits
| Exhibit No. | Description | |||||||
| 10.1 | ||||||||
| 10.2 | ||||||||
| 10.3 | ||||||||
| 31.1 | ||||||||
| 31.2 | ||||||||
| 32.1 | ||||||||
| 32.2 | ||||||||
| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document | |||||||
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema | |||||||
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase | |||||||
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase | |||||||
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase | |||||||
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase | |||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File - The cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is formatted in iXBRL | |||||||
* | Filed herewith | |||||||
| ** | Furnished herewith | |||||||
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
November 9, 2026
| Hims & Hers Health, Inc. | ||||||||
| By: | /s/ Oluyemi Okupe | |||||||
| Name: Oluyemi Okupe | ||||||||
| Title: Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | ||||||||
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AMENDMENT NO. 5 TO REVOLVING CREDIT AND GUARANTY AGREEMENT
THIS AMENDMENT NO. 5 (this “Amendment”), dated as of August 25, 2026, by and among HIMS & HERS HEALTH, INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), each Guarantor party hereto, each existing Lender party hereto, which constitutes the Required Lenders under the Existing Credit Agreement (as defined below) (such Lenders party hereto, collectively referred to herein as the “Consenting Lenders” and each a “Consenting Lender”) and each Issuing Bank party hereto amends that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2025 (as amended by that certain Amendment No. 1 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of June 25, 2025, that certain Amendment No. 2 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of May 7, 2026, that certain Amendment No. 3 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of May 29, 2026, that certain Amendment No. 4 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of June 26, 2026 and as further amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time prior to the date hereof, the “Existing Credit Agreement”; the Existing Credit Agreement as amended by this Amendment, the “Credit Agreement”), among, the Borrower, the Subsidiary Borrowers and the Guarantors from time to time party thereto, the Lenders and Issuing Banks party thereto and JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as the Administrative Agent and the Collateral Agent.
W I T N E S S E T H
WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 10.2 of the Existing Credit Agreement, the Borrower, each of the Consenting Lenders and Issuing Banks have agreed to amend the Existing Credit Agreement, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, as of the Amendment No. 5 Effective Date (as defined below).
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
1. Defined Terms. Capitalized terms used herein but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings provided to such terms in the Credit Agreement.
2. Amendments. Effective as of the Amendment No. 5 Effective Date, each of the parties hereto agrees that the Existing Credit Agreement shall be amended to delete the stricken text (indicated textually in the same manner as the following example: stricken text) and to add the double-underlined text (indicated textually in the same manner as the following example: double-underlined text) as set forth in the document attached as Exhibit A hereto.
3. Conditions Precedent. This Amendment, including the amendments set forth in Section 2 hereof, shall not become effective until the date (the “Amendment No. 5 Effective Date”) on which each of the following conditions are satisfied:
(a)(i) The Borrower and the Guarantors shall have executed and delivered counterparts of this Amendment to the Administrative Agent, (ii) the Consenting Lenders shall have executed and delivered a counterpart of this Amendment to the Administrative Agent, (iii) each Issuing Bank shall have executed and delivered a counterpart of this Amendment to the Administrative Agent and (iv) the Administrative Agent shall have executed a counterpart of this Amendment;
(b)The Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate of the Secretary or Assistant Secretary or similar officer of each Loan Party dated the Amendment No. 5 Effective Date and certifying that the documents previously delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 4.1(d) of the Credit Agreement (or any prior amendment thereto) have not been amended or modified since the Amendment No. 4 Effective Date;
(c)The Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate, dated the Amendment No. 5 Effective Date and signed on behalf of the Borrower by the President, a Vice President or a Financial Officer of the Borrower, confirming compliance with the conditions set forth in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this Section 3 as of the Amendment No. 5 Effective Date;
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(d)The representations and warranties set forth in Section 4 shall be true and correct;
(e)At the time of and immediately after giving effect the Amendment, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing;
(f)The Borrower shall have paid (i) all fees and expenses separately agreed to in writing in connection with this Amendment and (ii) all reasonable, documented and invoiced fees, disbursements and other charges of counsel to the Administrative Agent to the extent invoiced not less than two (2) Business Days prior to the Amendment No. 5 Effective Date or otherwise approved by the Borrower.
4. Representations and Warranties. To induce the Administrative Agent and the Consenting Lenders to enter into this Amendment, each Loan Party represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and the other Lenders on and as of the Amendment No. 5 Effective Date that, in each case:
(a) the representations and warranties of the Loan Parties set forth in the Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents are true and correct in all material respects (other than to the extent qualified by materiality or “Material Adverse Effect”, in which case, such representations and warranties are true and correct in all respects), except that (i) for purposes of this Section 4, the representations and warranties contained in Section 3.4(a) of the Credit Agreement shall be deemed to refer, following the first delivery thereof, to the most recent statements furnished pursuant to clauses (a) and (b), respectively, of Section 5.1 of the Credit Agreement and (ii) to the extent that such representations and warranties specifically refer to an earlier date, they shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such earlier date;
(b) this Amendment and each other document executed in connection herewith are within each Loan Party’s corporate or other organizational powers and have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other organizational and, if required, equity holder action; and
(c) this Amendment and each other document executed in connection herewith has been duly executed and delivered by the duly authorized officers of each Loan Party, and each such document to which it is party constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of each such Loan Party, enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and subject to general principles of equity, regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.
5. Reaffirmation of Guarantees and Security Interests. Each Loan Party has (a) (other than the Borrower) guaranteed the Obligations and (b) created Liens in favor of Secured Parties on certain Collateral to secure its obligations within the Existing Credit Agreement, under the Collateral Documents to which it is a party. Each Loan Party hereby acknowledges that it has reviewed the terms and provisions of the Existing Credit Agreement and this Amendment and consents to this Amendment to be entered into on the date hereof. Each Loan Party hereby (i) confirms that each Loan Document to which it is a party or is otherwise bound and all Collateral encumbered thereby will continue to guarantee or secure, as the case may be, to the fullest extent possible in accordance with the Loan Documents the payment and performance of all “Obligations” under each of the Loan Documents to which it is a party (in each case as such terms are defined in the applicable Loan Document), (ii) grants to the Collateral Agent for the benefit of the Lenders a continuing lien on and security interest in and to such Loan Party’s right, title and interest in, to and under all Collateral as collateral security for the prompt payment and performance in full when due of the Obligations (whether at stated maturity, by acceleration or otherwise) and (iii) no new filings will be required to be made or other action be taken to perfect or to maintain the perfection of such Liens.
Each Loan Party acknowledges and agrees that (i) any of the Loan Documents to which it is a party or otherwise bound shall continue in full force and effect and that all of its obligations thereunder shall be valid and enforceable and shall not be impaired or limited by the execution or effectiveness of this Amendment and (ii) all
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guarantees, pledges, grants and other undertakings thereunder shall continue to be in full force and effect and shall accrue to the benefit of the Secured Parties.
6. Amendment is a “Loan Document”. This Amendment is a Loan Document and all references to a “Loan Document” in the Existing Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents (including, without limitation, all such references in the representations and warranties in the Existing Credit Agreement and the other Loan Documents) shall be deemed to include this Amendment.
7. No Other Changes. Except as modified hereby, all of the terms and provisions of the Loan Documents shall remain in full force and effect. This Amendment shall not constitute a novation of the Existing Credit Agreement.
8. Counterparts; Delivery. This Amendment may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto on different counterparts), each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. The words “execution,” “signed,” “signature,” and words of like import in this Amendment shall be deemed to include electronic signatures or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature or the use of a paper‑based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, to the extent and as provided for in any applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act, or any other similar state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act. A set of the copies of this Amendment signed by all the parties shall be lodged with the Borrower and the Administrative Agent.
9. GOVERNING LAW. THIS AMENDMENT AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH AND GOVERNED BY THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
10. Jurisdiction; Waiver of Jury Trial. The jurisdiction and waiver of right to trial by jury provisions in Sections 10.9 and 10.10 of the Existing Credit Agreement are incorporated herein by reference mutatis mutandis.
[SIGNATURE PAGES FOLLOW]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto has caused a counterpart of this Amendment to be duly executed and delivered as of the date first written above.
HIMS & HERS HEALTH, INC.,
as the Borrower
as the Borrower
By: /s/ Oluyemi Okupe
Name: Oluyemi Okupe
Title: Chief Financial Officer
HIMS, INC., as a Guarantor
By: /s/ Oluyemi Okupe
Name: Oluyemi Okupe
Title: Chief Financial Officer
H&H PHARMACY MANAGEMENT, INC.,
as a Guarantor
By: /s/ Oluyemi Okupe
Name: Oluyemi Okupe
Title: Treasurer
XECARE LLC, as a Guarantor
By: /s/ Michael Chi
Name: Michael Chi
Title: President
YOURBIO HEALTH, INC., as a Guarantor
By: /s/ Michael Chi
Name: Michael Chi
Title: President
APOSTROPHE PHARMACY LLC, as a Guarantor
By: /s/ Michael Chi
Name: Michael Chi
Title: President
[Signature Page to Amendment No. 5]
JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.,
as Administrative Agent, a Consenting Lender and Issuing Bank
By: /s/ Helen D. Davis
Name: Helen D. Davis
Title: Executive Director
Title: Executive Director
[Signature Page to Amendment No. 5]
MORGAN STANLEY BANK, N.A.,
as a Consenting Lender and Issuing Bank
By: /s/ Tayo Lapite
Name: Tayo Lapite
Title: Authorized Signatory
Title: Authorized Signatory
[Signature Page to Amendment No. 5]
GOLDMAN SACHS BANK USA,
as a Consenting Lender and Issuing Bank
By: /s/ Elizabeth Tosin
Name: Elizabeth Tosin
Title: Authorized Signatory
Title: Authorized Signatory
[Signature Page to Amendment No. 5]
Exhibit A
Amendments to Existing Credit Agreement
[attached]
[Signature Page to Amendment No. 5]
REVOLVING CREDIT AND GUARANTY AGREEMENT
dated as of February 18, 2025, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of June 25, 2025, Amendment No. 2 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of May 7, 2026, Amendment No. 3 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of May 29, 2026 and, Amendment No. 4 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of June 26, 2026. and Amendment No. 5 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of August 25, 2026
among
HIMS & HERS HEALTH, INC.,
the Subsidiary Borrowers party hereto, the Guarantors party hereto,
the Lenders and Issuing Banks party hereto and
JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.,
as Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent and
JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A.
and
MORGAN STANLEY SENIOR FUNDING, INC. and GOLDMAN SACHS BANK USA,
as Joint Lead Arrangers and Joint Bookrunners
Table of Contents
Page
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS 1
Section 1.1 Defined Terms 1
Section 1.2 Classification of Loans and Borrowings 52
Section 1.3 Terms Generally 52
Section 1.4 Accounting Terms; GAAP 52
Section 1.5 Letter of Credit Amounts 53
Section 1.6 Divisions 53
Section 1.7 Interest Rates; Benchmark Notification 53
Section 1.8 Exchange Rates; Currency Equivalents 54
ARTICLE II THE CREDITS 54
Section 2.1 Commitments 54
Section 2.2 Revolving Loans and Borrowings 54
Section 2.3 Swing Line Loans 55
Section 2.4 Issuance of Letters of Credit and Purchase of Participations Therein 57
Section 2.5 Requests for Borrowings 65
Section 2.6 Funding of Borrowings 66
Section 2.7 Interest Elections 67
Section 2.8 Termination and Reduction of Commitments 69
Section 2.9 Repayment of Loans; Evidence of Debt 69
Section 2.10 Prepayment of Loans 70
Section 2.11 Fees 71
Section 2.12 Interest 73
Section 2.13 Alternate Rate of Interest 74
Section 2.14 Increased Costs 78
Section 2.15 Break Funding Payments 79
Section 2.16 Taxes 80
Section 2.17 Payments Generally; Pro Rata Treatment; Sharing of Set-offs 84
Section 2.18 Mitigation Obligations; Replacement of Lenders 86
Section 2.19 Incremental Facilities 87
Section 2.20 Extension of Maturity Date 91
Section 2.21 Defaulting Lenders 93
Section 2.22 Illegality 96
ARTICLE III REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES 97
Section 3.1 Organization; Powers 97
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SCHEDULES
Schedule 1.1(a) — Permitted Holders
Schedule 1.1(b) — Designated Excluded Subsidiaries
Schedule 2.1 — Commitments
Schedule 2.4 — Existing Letters of Credit
Schedule 3.6 — Disclosed Matters
Schedule 3.9 — Tax Matters
Schedule 3.12 — Subsidiaries
Schedule 3.18 — UCC Filing Jurisdictions Schedule 5.14 — Post-Closing Obligations Schedule 6.1 — Existing Indebtedness
Schedule 6.2 — Existing Liens
Schedule 6.5 — Existing Restrictions
Schedule 6.7 — Existing Investments
EXHIBITS
Exhibit A — Form of Assignment and Assumption
Exhibit B — Form of Issuance Notice
Exhibit C — Form of Interest Election Request
Exhibit D-1 — Form of Revolving Loan Note
Exhibit D-2 — Form of Swing Line Note
Exhibit E — [Reserved]
Exhibit F — Form of Compliance Certificate
Exhibit G — Form of Maturity Date Extension Request
Exhibit H — Form of Counterpart Agreement
Exhibit I — Form of Solvency Certificate
Exhibit J — Form of Portfolio Interest Certificates
Exhibit K — Form of Borrower Supplement
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REVOLVING CREDIT AND GUARANTY AGREEMENT, dated as of February 18, 2025, among HIMS & HERS HEALTH, INC. as Parent Borrower, the SUBSIDIARY BORROWERS from time to time party hereto, the LENDERS and ISSUING BANKS party hereto and JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Collateral Agent and Swing Line Lender.
The Borrower Representative (such term and each other capitalized term used and not otherwise defined
herein having the meaning assigned to it in Article I) has requested that the Lenders make Loans to the Borrowers
on a revolving credit basis and the Issuing Banks issue Letters of Credit at the request and for the account of the
Borrowers on and after the Effective Date and at any time and from time to time prior to the Commitment
Termination Date.
The proceeds of borrowings and the Letters of Credit hereunder are to be used for the purposes described in Section 5.9. The parties hereto are willing to establish the credit facility referred to in the preceding paragraph upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein. Accordingly, the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS
Section 1.1 Defined Terms. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the
meanings specified below:
“ABR”, when used in reference to any Loan or Borrowing, refers to whether such Loan, or the Loans comprising such Borrowing, bear interest at a rate determined by reference to the Alternate Base Rate. All ABR Loans shall be denominated in Dollars.
“Acquisition” means any transaction or series of related transactions resulting in the acquisition by Parent Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, whether by purchase, merger or otherwise, of all or substantially all of the assets of, all of the Equity Interests of, or a business line or unit or a division of, any Person.
“Adjusted Daily Simple RFR” means, (i) with respect to any RFR Borrowing denominated in Sterling, an interest rate per annum equal to (a) the Daily Simple RFR, plus (b) 0.0326 % and (ii) with respect to any RFR Borrowing denominated in Dollars, an interest rate per annum equal to (a) the Daily Simple RFR, plus (b) 0.10% and (iii) with respect to any RFR Borrowing denominated in Canadian Dollars, an interest rate per annum equal to (a) the Daily Simple RFR for Canadian Dollars, plus (b) 0.29547%; provided that if Adjusted Daily Simple RFR as so determined would be less than the Floor, such rate shall be deemed to be equal to the Floor for the purposes of this Agreement.
“Adjusted EURIBOR Rate” means, with respect to any Term Benchmark Borrowing denominated in Euros for any Interest Period, an interest rate per annum equal to (a) the EURIBOR Rate for such Interest Period multiplied by (b) the Statutory Reserve Rate; provided that if the Adjusted EURIBOR Rate as so determined would be less than the Floor, such rate shall be deemed to be equal to the Floor for the purposes of this Agreement.
specified by the CME Term SOFR Administrator in the Term SOFR Reference Rate methodology). Any change in the Alternate Base Rate due to a change in the Prime Rate, the NYFRB Rate or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate shall be effective from and including the effective date of such change in the Prime Rate, the NYFRB Rate or the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, respectively. If the Alternate Base Rate is being used as an alternate rate of interest pursuant to Section 2.13 (for the avoidance of doubt, only until the Benchmark Replacement has been determined pursuant to Section 2.13(b)), then the Alternate Base Rate shall be the greater of clauses (a) and (b) above and shall be determined without reference to clause (c) above. For the avoidance of doubt, if the Alternate Base Rate as determined pursuant to the foregoing would be less than 1.00%, such rate shall be deemed to be 1.00% for purposes of this Agreement.
“Alternative Currencies” means Canadian Dollars, Euros and Sterling.
“Amendment No. 1” means the Amendment No. 1 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of the Amendment No. 1 Effective Date, by and among, the Parent Borrower and the Administrative Agent.
“Amendment No. 2” means the Amendment No. 2 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of the Amendment No. 2 Effective Date, by and among, the Parent Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Agent and the Lenders party thereto.
“Amendment No. 3” means the Amendment No. 3 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of the Amendment No. 3 Effective Date, by and among the Parent Borrower, each Guarantor, the Administrative Agent, the Collateral Agent and the Lenders party thereto.
“Amendment No. 4” means the Amendment No. 4 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of the Amendment No. 4 Effective Date, by and among the Parent Borrower, each Guarantor, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders party thereto.
“Amendment No. 5” means the Amendment No. 5 to Revolving Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated as of the Amendment No. 5 Effective Date, by and among the Parent Borrower, each Guarantor, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders and Issuing Banks party thereto.
“Amendment No. 1 Effective Date” means June 25, 2025.
“Amendment No. 2 Effective Date” means May 7, 2026.
“Amendment No. 3 Effective Date” means May 29, 2026
“Amendment No. 4 Effective Date” means June 26, 2026.
“Amendment No. 5 Effective Date” means August 25, 2026.
“Ancillary Document” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.6(b).
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as of February 19, 2026, by and among Horizon BidCo Pty Ltd ACN 694 778 375, an Australian proprietary company, the Parent Borrower, Hims, Inc., and the sellers named therein.
“Eucalyptus Entities” means EUC Management Pty Ltd ACN 631 013 860 (d/b/a Eucalyptus) and its direct and indirect subsidiaries.
“EURIBOR Rate” means, with respect to any Term Benchmark Borrowing denominated in Euros and for any Interest Period, the EURIBOR Screen Rate, two TARGET Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Period.
“EURIBOR Screen Rate” means the euro interbank offered rate administered by the European Money Markets Institute (or any other person which takes over the administration of that rate) for the relevant period displayed (before any correction, recalculation or republication by the administrator) on page EURIBOR01 of the Thomson Reuters screen (or any replacement Thomson Reuters page which displays that rate) or on the appropriate page of such other information service which publishes that rate from time to time in place of Thomson Reuters as published at approximately 11:00 a.m. Brussels time on such date of determination. If such page or service ceases to be available, the Administrative Agent may specify another page or service displaying the relevant rate after consultation with the Borrower Representative.
“Euro” and “€” mean the single currency of the Participating Member States. “Event of Default” has the meaning set forth in Article VIII.
“Excluded Subsidiary” means (a) any Subsidiary that is prohibited by law, regulation or any contractual obligation existing from guaranteeing the Secured Obligations or that would require a governmental (including regulatory) consent, approval, license or authorization in order to provide such guaranty unless such consent, approval, license or authorization has been received or would, contemporaneous with the Effective Date, be received (provided that (i) with respect to any Subsidiary existing on the Effective Date, any such contractual obligation containing such a prohibition was in existence on the Effective Date and (ii) with respect to any Subsidiaries acquired or created after the Effective Date, such prohibition is not the result of a contractual obligation that arose solely in contemplation of such Subsidiary satisfying this definition); (b) any Immaterial Subsidiary; (c) any Foreign Subsidiary (other than any Material Foreign Subsidiary whose provision of a Guarantee would not result in an investment in “United States property” (within the meaning of Section 956 of the Code), as reasonably determined by Borrower Representative) and, (d) subject to Section 10.18(a), any Subsidiary that is not a wholly owned Subsidiary. and (e) each Subsidiary set forth on Schedule 1.1(b), notwithstanding that each such Subsidiary may otherwise constitute a Material Foreign Subsidiary or fail to qualify as an Immaterial Subsidiary as a result of its Consolidated Total Assets; provided that any such Subsidiary shall cease to constitute an Excluded Subsidiary pursuant to this clause (e), and shall no longer be excluded from the requirements of Section 5.10, from and after the date on which such Subsidiary’s consolidated gross revenues for the most recently completed period of four fiscal quarters (determined in accordance with clause (b) of the definition of “Immaterial Subsidiary”) equal or exceed 5% of the consolidated gross revenues of Parent Borrower and its Subsidiaries for such period, in which case Parent Borrower shall comply with the requirements of Section 5.10 with respect to such Subsidiary within the time periods specified therein.
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longer quoted therein, any similar rate quoted therein (as determined by the Administrative Agent) or any similar release by the Federal Reserve Board (as determined by the Administrative Agent). Each change in the Prime Rate shall be effective from and including the date such change is publicly announced or quoted as being effective.
“Pro Forma Basis” means, with respect to the calculation of the financial covenants contained in Section 6.8 or otherwise for purposes of determining the Total Leverage Ratio, First Lien Leverage Ratio, Interest Coverage Ratio, Consolidated EBITDA, Consolidated Total Assets or any other metric as of any date, that such calculation shall give pro forma effect to all Acquisitions, all issuances, incurrences or assumptions of Indebtedness and all sales, transfers or other dispositions of any Equity Interests in a Subsidiary or all or substantially all the assets of a Subsidiary or division or line of business of a Subsidiary outside the ordinary course of business (and any related prepayments or repayments of Indebtedness) that have occurred during the applicable fiscal quarter period of Parent Borrower (or subsequent to such fiscal quarter period of Parent Borrower and prior to or simultaneously with the event for which such calculation is being calculated) as if they occurred on the first day of such applicable fiscal quarter period of Parent Borrower (including, in each case, with respect to a Professional Company or Pharmacy Entity). For purposes of calculating on a pro forma basis the Interest Coverage Ratio with respect to any Indebtedness that bears a floating rate of interest, the interest on such Indebtedness shall be calculated as if the rate in effect on the date of the event for which the calculation of the Interest Coverage Ratio is made had been the applicable rate for the entire period (taking into account any hedging transaction applicable to such Indebtedness if such hedging transaction has a remaining term in excess of 12 months).
“Pro Rata Share” means, with respect to any Lender, the percentage obtained by dividing (a) the Revolving Exposure of that Lender by (b) the aggregate Revolving Exposure of all Lenders.
“Proceeding” means any claim, litigation, investigation, action, suit, arbitration or administrative, judicial or regulatory action or proceeding in any jurisdiction.
“Process Agent” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.9.
“Professional Company” shall mean any professional corporation, professional limited liability company, or other professional organization or entity that has, from time to time, entered into a Professional Company Services Agreement with any Professional Company Administrator.
“Professional Company Administrator” shall mean each Loan Party that, from time to time, enters into a Professional Company Service Agreement to provide support services, administrative services or any other similar, non-medical services to any Professional Company.
“Professional Company Documents” shall mean, collectively, any Professional Company Services Agreement, any stock transfer agreement or pledge agreement between the applicable Professional Company Administrator and each physician owner of a Professional Company, any credit or loan agreement between the applicable Professional Company Administrator and each Professional Company and any other material, related agreements by and between any
43
under Accounting Standards Codification 470-20 (or any other Accounting Standards Codification or Financial Accounting Standard having a similar result or effect) to value any such Indebtedness in a reduced or bifurcated manner as described therein, and such Indebtedness shall at all times be valued at the full stated principal amount thereof.
Section 1.5 Letter of Credit Amounts.
. Unless otherwise specified herein, the amount of anya Letter of Credit at any time shall be deemed to be the amount available to be drawn underDollar Equivalent of the stated amount of such Letter of Credit during the remaining life thereof.available to be drawn at such time; provided that with respect to any Letter of Credit that, by its terms, provides for one or more automatic increases in the available amount thereof, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be the Dollar Equivalent of the maximum amount of such Letter of Credit after giving effect to all such increases, whether or not such maximum amount is available to be drawn at such time.
Section 1.6 Divisions.
. For all purposes under the Loan Documents, in connection with any division or plan of division under Delaware law (or any comparable event under a different jurisdiction’s laws): (a) if any asset, right, obligation or liability of any Person becomes the asset, right, obligation or liability of a different Person, then it shall be deemed to have been transferred from the original Person to the subsequent Person, and (b) if any new Person comes into existence, such new Person shall be deemed to have been organized on the first date of its existence by the holders of its Equity Interests at such time.
Section 1.7 Interest Rates; Benchmark Notification. The interest rate on a Loan denominated in Dollars or an Alternative Currency may be derived from an interest rate benchmark that may be discontinued or is, or may in the future become, the subject of regulatory reform. Upon the occurrence of a Benchmark Transition Event, Section 2.13(b) provides a mechanism for determining an alternative rate of interest. The Administrative Agent does not warrant or accept any responsibility for, and shall not have any liability with respect to, the administration, submission, performance or any other matter related to any interest rate used in this Agreement, or with respect to any alternative or successor rate thereto, or replacement rate thereof, including without limitation, whether the composition or characteristics of any such alternative, successor or replacement reference rate will be similar to, or produce the same value or economic equivalence of, the existing interest rate being replaced or have the same volume or liquidity as did any existing interest rate prior to its discontinuance or unavailability. The Administrative Agent and its affiliates and/or other related entities may engage in transactions that affect the calculation of any interest rate used in this Agreement or any alternative, successor or alternative rate (including any Benchmark Replacement) and/or any relevant adjustments thereto, in each case, in a manner adverse to the Borrowers. The Administrative Agent may select information sources or services in its reasonable discretion to ascertain any interest rate used in this Agreement, any component thereof, or rates referenced in the definition thereof, in each case pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, and shall have no liability to any Borrower, any Lender or any other person or entity for damages of any kind, including direct or indirect, special, punitive, incidental or consequential damages, costs, losses or expenses (whether in tort,
57
contract or otherwise and whether at law or in equity), for any error or calculation of any such rate (or component thereof) provided by any such information source or service.
Section 1.8 Exchange Rates; Currency Equivalents. The Administrative Agent or the Issuing Bank, as applicable, shall determine the Dollar Equivalent amounts of Term Benchmark Borrowings or RFR Borrowings or Letter of Credit extensions denominated in Alternative Currencies. Such Dollar Equivalent shall become effective as of such Revaluation Date and shall be the Dollar Equivalent of such amounts until the next Revaluation Date to occur. Except for purposes of financial statements delivered by the Parent Borrower hereunder or calculating financial covenants hereunder or except as otherwise provided herein, the applicable amount of any Agreed Currency (other than Dollars) for purposes of the Loan Documents shall be such Dollar Equivalent amount as so determined by the Administrative Agent. Wherever in this Agreement in connection with a Borrowing, conversion, continuation or prepayment of a Term Benchmark Loan or an RFR Loan or the issuance, amendment or extension of a Letter of Credit, an amount, such as a required minimum or multiple amount, is expressed in Dollars, but such Borrowing or Loan is denominated in an Alternative Currency, such amount shall be the Dollar Equivalent of such amount (rounded to the nearest unit of such Alternative Currency, with 0.5 of a unit being rounded upward), as determined by the Administrative Agent or the Issuing Bank, as the case may be.
ARTICLE II THE CREDITS
Section 2.1 Commitments. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, each
Lender agrees to make Revolving Loans in Dollars or in one or more Alternative Currencies to the Borrowers from time to time during the Availability Period in an aggregate principal amount that will not result in (a) the aggregate outstanding principal amount of such Lender’s Revolving Exposure exceeding such Lender’s Commitment or (b) the Total Utilization of Commitments exceeding the total Commitments. Within the foregoing limits and subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Borrowers may borrow, prepay and reborrow Revolving Loans. Each Lender’s Commitment shall expire on the Commitment Termination Date and all Revolving Loans and all other amounts owed hereunder with respect to the Revolving Exposure shall be paid in full no later than such date.
Section 2.2 Revolving Loans and Borrowings. (a) Each Revolving Loan shall be made as part of a Borrowing consisting of Revolving Loans made by the Lenders in accordance with their respective Applicable Percentages. The failure of any Lender to make any Revolving Loan required to be made by it shall not relieve any other Lender of its obligations hereunder; provided that the Commitments of the Lenders are several and no Lender shall be responsible for any other Lender’s failure to make Revolving Loans as required.
(b) Subject to Section 2.13, each Borrowing of Revolving Loans shall be comprised (i) in the case of Borrowings in Dollars, entirely of ABR Loans or Term Benchmark Loans, (ii) in the case of Borrowings in Canadian Dollars, entirely of Term Benchmark Loans, (iii) in the case of Borrowings in any other Agreed Currency, entirely of Term Benchmark Loans or RFR Loans, as applicable, in each case of the same Agreed
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Representative. The Swing Line Lender may be replaced at any time by written agreement among the Borrower Representative, the Administrative Agent and the successor Swing Line Lender. The Administrative Agent shall notify the Lenders of any such replacement of the Swing Line Lender. At the time any such replacement or resignation shall become effective, (i) the Borrowers shall prepay any outstanding Swing Line Loans made by the resigning or removed Swing Line Lender, (ii) upon such prepayment, the resigning or removed Swing Line Lender shall surrender any Swing Line Note held by it to the Borrower Representative for cancellation, and (iii) the Borrowers shall issue, if so requested by the successor Swing Line Lender, a new Swing Line Note to the successor Swing Line Lender, in the principal amount of the Swing Line Sublimit then in effect and with other appropriate insertions. For the avoidance of doubt, each Foreign Subsidiary Borrower shall be required to make prepayments under this Section 2.3(d) solely in respect of Swing Line Loans made to such Foreign Subsidiary Borrower. From and after the effective date of any such replacement or resignation, (x) any successor Swing Line Lender shall have all the rights and obligations of a Swing Line Lender under this Agreement with respect to Swing Line Loans made thereafter and (y) references herein to the term “Swing Line Lender” shall be deemed to refer to such successor or to any previous Swing Line Lender, or to such successor and all previous Swing Line Lenders, as the context shall require.
Section 2.4 Issuance of Letters of Credit and Purchase of Participations Therein. (a) During the Availability Period, subject to the terms and conditions hereof, each Issuing Bank may, in its sole discretion, agree to issue a Letter of Credit (or issue an amendment to any outstanding Letter of Credit) at the request of the Borrower Representative for its own account or for the account of another Borrower (including for the purpose of supporting obligations of Parent Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries); provided that (i) each Letter of Credit shall be denominated in Dollars or such other currency as is acceptable to the applicable Issuing Bank in its sole discretion; (ii) the amount of each Letter of Credit shall not be less than $250,000 (or the Dollar Equivalent thereof) or such lesser amount as is acceptable to the applicable Issuing Bank; (iii) after giving effect to such issuance , in no event shall the Total Utilization of Commitments exceed the Commitments then in effect; (iv) after giving effect to such issuance, , in no event shall the aggregate Letter of Credit Usage exceed the Letter of Credit Sublimit then in effect, (v) after giving effect to such issuance , in no event shall the Letter of Credit Usage attributable to Letters of Credit issued by any Issuing Bank exceed the Issuing Bank Sublimit of such Issuing Bank, unless otherwise agreed to in writing by such Issuing Bank, (vi) after giving effect to such issuance , in no event shall the aggregate amount of Revolving Loans (and Swing Line Loans, in the case of the Swing Line Lender) and Letters of Credit issued by such Issuing Bank exceed such Issuing Bank’s Commitments hereunder, unless otherwise agreed to in writing by such Issuing Bank, (vii) no Issuing Bank shall be under any obligation to issue a Letter of Credit that would result in more than twenty (20) Letters of Credit outstanding at any time and (viii) in no event shall any Letter of Credit have an expiration date later than the earlier of (1) five days prior to the Maturity Date and (2) the date which is one year from the date of issuance of such Letter of Credit. If the Borrower Representative so requests in the Application for any Letter of Credit, the applicable Issuing Bank may, in its sole discretion, agree to issue a Letter of Credit that has automatic extension provisions (each such Letter of Credit, an “Auto-Extension Letter of Credit”); provided that any such Auto-Extension Letter of Credit must permit such Issuing Bank to prevent any such extension at least once in each twelve-month period (commencing with the61
taken or omitted by any Issuing Bank under or in connection with any Letter of Credit issued by it or any documents and certificates delivered thereunder, if taken or omitted in “good faith” (as such term is defined in Article 5 of the New York Uniform Commercial Code), shall not give rise to any liability on the part of such Issuing Bank to the Borrowers. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section 2.4(c), the applicable Issuing Bank shall not be excused from liability to the Borrowers to the extent of any direct damages (as opposed to special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages, claims in respect of which are hereby waived by the Borrowers to the extent permitted by applicable law) suffered by the Borrowers that are caused by such Issuing Bank’s failure to exercise care when determining whether drafts and other documents presented under a Letter of Credit comply with the terms thereof. The parties hereto expressly agree that, in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of any Issuing Bank (as determined by a final, non-appealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction), such Issuing Bank shall be deemed to have exercised care in each such determination.
(d)In the event any Issuing Bank has honored a drawing under a Letter of Credit on any date (a “Disbursement Date”), it shall promptly notify the Borrower Representative and the Administrative Agent of the amount of such drawing and of the applicable Disbursement Date. The Borrowers shall reimburse such Issuing Bank on the same Business Day on which such drawing is honored (the “Reimbursement Date”) in an amount in same day funds in Dollars equal to the dollar amountDollar Equivalent of such honored drawing, together in each case with accrued and unpaid interest as provided in Section 2.12; provided that, if the dollar amountDollar Equivalent of such honored drawing is $500,000 or more, the Borrower Representative may, subject to the conditions to borrowing set forth herein, request in accordance with Section 2.3 or 2.5 that such payment be financed with a Swing Line Loan or an ABR Borrowing and, to the extent so financed, the Borrowers’ obligation to make such payment shall be discharged and replaced by the resulting Swing Line Loan or ABR Borrowing. If the Borrowers fail to reimburse any honored drawing under any Letter of Credit on or before the Reimbursement Date, the Administrative Agent shall notify each Lender of such failure, the payment then due from the Borrowers in respect of such honored drawing (expressed as the Dollar Equivalent thereof), and such Lender’s Applicable Percentage thereof. Promptly following receipt of such notice, each Lender shall pay to the Administrative Agent, in dollars, its Applicable Percentage of the amount then due from the Borrowers, in the same manner as provided in Section 2.6 with respect to Loans made by such Lender (and Section 2.6 shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to the payment obligations of the Lenders pursuant to this paragraph), and the Administrative Agent shall promptly remit to the applicable Issuing Bank the amounts so received by it from the Lenders. Promptly following receipt by the Administrative Agent of any payment from the Borrowers pursuant to this paragraph, the Administrative Agent shall distribute such payment to the applicable Issuing Bank or, to the extent that Lenders have made payments pursuant to this paragraph to reimburse such Issuing Bank, then to such Lenders and such Issuing Bank as their interests may appear. Any payment made by a Lender pursuant to this paragraph to reimburse an Issuing Bank for an honored drawing under a Letter of Credit (other than the funding of a Swing Line Loan or an ABR Borrowing as contemplated above) shall not constitute a Loan and shall not relieve any Borrower of its obligation to reimburse such drawing. If any Lender fails to make available to the Administrative Agent for the account of the relevant Issuing Bank any amount required to be paid by such Lender pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.4(d) by the time specified herein, such Issuing Bank shall be entitled
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hereto hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such action or proceeding in any such court.
(e)Each party to this Agreement irrevocably consents to service of process in the manner provided for notices in Section 10.1. Nothing in this Agreement will affect the right of any party to this Agreement to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. Each Material Foreign Subsidiary hereby irrevocably appoints the Parent Borrower as its agent for service of process with respect to all of the Loan Documents and all other related agreements to which it is a party (the “Process Agent”) and the Parent Borrower hereby accepts such appointment as the Process Agent and hereby agrees to forward promptly to the applicable Material Foreign Subsidiary all legal process addressed to the applicable Material Foreign Subsidiary received by the Process Agent.
Section 10.10 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION.
Section 10.11 Headings. Article and Section headings and the Table of Contents used herein are for convenience of reference only, are not part of this Agreement and shall not affect the construction of, or be taken into consideration in interpreting, this Agreement.
Section 10.12 Confidentiality. (a) Each of the Agents and the Lenders (which term shall for the purposes of this Section 10.12 includes the Issuing Banks) agrees to (i) maintain the confidentiality of the Information (as defined below), (ii) not disclose any Information to any individual or organization, either internally or externally, without the prior written consent of the Borrower Representative, and (iii) not use the Information for any purpose except in connection with the Loan Documents, except that Information may be disclosed (A) to its Affiliates and its and their respective directors, officers, employees, other providers of services and agents, including accountants, legal counsel and other advisors, or to any credit insurance provider relating to any Loan Party and its obligations, in each case whom it reasonably determines needs to know such information in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby (it being understood that the Persons to whom such disclosure is made will be informed of the confidential nature of such Information and required to keep such Information confidential), (B) to the extent requested by any Governmental Authority (including any self-regulatory authority, such as the National Association of Insurance Commissioners), (C) to the extent required by applicable laws or regulations or by any subpoena or similar legal process (in which case such Agent or such Lender, as applicable, agrees, to the extent permitted by
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Loan Party upon its reasonable request without further inquiry; provided that if any Loan Party qualifies as an Excluded Subsidiary pursuant to clause (d) of the definition of such term, such Loan Party shall only be released from its obligations under the Loan Documents if (x) such Loan Party so qualifies as a result of a transaction (i) not undertaken for the primary purpose of obtaining the release of such Loan Party from its obligations under the Loan Documents (and any Liens granted by it thereunder), (ii) that is done for a bona fide business purpose, (iii) that if deemed to be an Investment in such Loan Party at fair market value, there would be sufficient Investment capacity to permit such Investment at such time, (y) no default or Event of default exists or will result from transaction and (z) such Loan Party does not own or exclusively license any Material Intellectual Property.
(b)Upon any sale or other transfer by any Loan Party (other than a sale or transfer to any other Loan Party) of any Collateral in a transaction permitted under this Agreement, the security interests in such Collateral created by the Collateral Documents shall be automatically released.
(c)Upon the release of any Loan Party from its Guarantee in compliance with this Agreement, the security interest in any Collateral owned by such Loan Party created by the Collateral Documents shall be automatically released.
(d)Upon any sale, conveyance, assignment or other transfer of Receivables Assets by any Loan Party to a Purchaser pursuant to a Receivables Purchase Program permitted under Section 6.1(q), such Receivables Assets shall automatically be excluded from the Collateral and released from any Lien created by the Collateral Documents, and the Collateral Agent is hereby authorized to take any action reasonably requested by the Borrower Representative to evidence or effectuate such exclusion and release (including by executing UCC-3 termination or amendment statements, releases of Liens or other instruments of release), and to deliver any release of Liens from any secured creditor as contemplated by the applicable Receivables Purchase Agreement, in each case without any further consent of any Lender or other Secured Party.
(e)Upon termination of the aggregate Commitments and payment in full of all Obligations (other than (i) contingent amounts not yet due, (ii) Secured Cash Management Obligations and (iii) Secured Swap Obligations) under any Loan Document have been paid in full and all Letters of Credit have expired with no pending drawings or been terminated (unless such Letters of Credit have been (i) cash collateralized in an amount equal to 103% of Letter of Credit Usage at such time on terms reasonably satisfactory to the applicable Issuing Bank, (ii) backstopped by a letter of credit in form, amount and substance and by an institution reasonably satisfactory to the applicable Issuing Bank or (iii) deemed reissued under another facility reasonably acceptable to the applicable Issuing Bank), all obligations under the Loan Documents and all security interests created by the Collateral Documents shall be automatically released.
(f)In connection with any termination or release pursuant to this Section 10.18, the Administrative Agent or the Collateral Agent, as the case may be, shall execute and deliver to any Loan Party, at such Loan Party’s expense, all documents that such Loan Party shall reasonably request to evidence such termination or release so long as
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Section 11.5 Successor Borrower Representative. Upon the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent, the Borrower Representative may resign at any time, such resignation to be effective upon the appointment of a successor Borrower Representative. The Administrative Agent shall give prompt written notice of such resignation to the Lenders.
Section 11.6 Execution of Loan Documents; Compliance Certificate. The Borrowers hereby empower and authorize the Borrower Representative, on behalf of the Borrowers, to execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders the Loan Documents and all related agreements, certificates, documents, or instruments as shall be necessary or appropriate to effect the purposes of the Loan Documents, including, without limitation, the Compliance Certificates. Each Borrower agrees that any action taken by the Borrower Representative or the Borrowers in accordance with the terms of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents, and the exercise by the Borrower Representative of its powers set forth therein or herein, together with such other powers that are reasonably incidental thereto, shall be binding upon all of the Borrowers.
Section 11.7 Reporting. Each Borrower hereby agrees that such Borrower shall furnish promptly after each fiscal month to the Borrower Representative any certificate or report required hereunder or requested by the Borrower Representative on which the Borrower Representative shall rely to prepare the Compliance Certificate required pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement.
Section 11.8 Subsidiary Borrowers.
(a)(i) On or after the Effective Date, with the consent of the Administrative Agent (not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed), Parent Borrower may designate any wholly-owned Domestic Subsidiary or Foreign Subsidiary (other than a Foreign Subsidiary incorporated or organized in the European Union) as a Borrower by delivery to the Administrative Agent of a Borrower Supplement executed by such Subsidiary and Parent Borrower together with a Note in favor of each requesting Lender, and such Subsidiary shall for all purposes of this Agreement be a Borrower and party to this Agreement (until its status as a Borrower is terminated in accordance with clause (d) below) upon such consent of the Administrative Agent and such delivery; provided that, with respect to any such proposed Foreign Subsidiary Borrower, the Administrative Agent shall notify the Lenders in writing at least five Business Days prior to granting such consent and, if any Lender notifies the Administrative Agent within five Business Days that (x) it is not permitted by applicable requirements of law or any of its organizational policies to make Revolving Loans to, or participate in Letters of Credit for the account of, the relevant Foreign Subsidiary, (y) that the designation of such a Foreign Subsidiary Borrower hereunder would result in increased costs in accordance with Section 2.14 with respect to such Lender (any such Lender that would be subject to increased costs upon such designation, an “Increased Cost Lender”) or (z) it will be subject to any Taxes (unless indemnified pursuant to Section 2.16 of this Agreement, subject to such Lender’s compliance with Section 2.16(e)) to which such Lender would not have been subject as a result of designation of such a Foreign Subsidiary as a Foreign Subsidiary Borrower, the Administrative Agent shall withhold such consent or shall give such consent only upon effecting changes to the provisions of Article II as are contemplated by Section 11.8(b);
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provided further that, with respect to each Subsidiary so designated pursuant to this clause (a)(i), (x) to the extent not previously complied with, such Subsidiary shall comply with the requirements of Section 5.11 mutatis mutandis (it being understood that the documents described in Section 5.11 shall be delivered on the effective date of the Borrower Supplement to the extent not previously delivered), (y) the Administrative Agent shall have received documents of the type described in Sections 4.1(a)(ii), 4.1(c), 4.1(d), 4.1(e) and 4.1(i) (or equivalent or comparable documents for the applicable jurisdiction of the Foreign Subsidiary in form and substance acceptable to the Administrative Agent) dated as of the effective date of the Borrower Supplement with respect to such Subsidiary in substantially the same form as such documents that were delivered with respect to Parent Borrower on the Effective Date or such other form as may be acceptable to the Administrative Agent and (z) the Administrative Agent shall have received, at least three (3) Business Days prior (or, with respect to any such Foreign Subsidiary Borrower, five (5) Business Days prior) to the effective date of such Borrower Supplement, all documentation and other information regarding such Subsidiary requested in connection with applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including the USA Patriot Act, and to the extent such Subsidiary qualifies as a “legal entity customer” under the Beneficial Ownership Regulation, at least three (3) Business Days prior (or, with respect to any such Foreign Subsidiary Borrower, five (5) Business Days prior) to the effective date of such Borrower Supplement, any Lender that has requested a Beneficial Ownership Certification in relation to such Subsidiary shall have received such Beneficial Ownership Certification; provided further that, with respect to eachany such Foreign Subsidiary so designated pursuant to clause (a)(i), (x) such Foreign Subsidiary Borrower and its subsidiaries, as applicable, shall deliver applicable Foreign Collateral Documents and satisfy the Foreign Collateral Requirement and (y) the Administrative Agent shall be reasonably satisfied that any payments by or on account of such Foreign Subsidiary Borrower hereunder or under any Loan Document will not be subject to deduction or withholding for any Taxes (unless indemnified pursuant to Section 2.16 of this Agreement, subject to such Lender’s compliance with Section 2.16(e)) that would not have applied in the absence of the designation of such Foreign Subsidiary as a Foreign Subsidiary Borrower. As soon as practicable upon receipt of a Borrower Supplement, the Administrative Agent will deliver a copy thereof to each Lender.
(ii) On or after the Effective Date, with the prior written consent of each Lender, each Issuing Bank, the Swing Line Lender and the Administrative Agent, Parent Borrower may designate any Foreign Subsidiary incorporated or organized in the European Union as a Borrower by delivery to the Administrative Agent of a Borrower Supplement executed by such Subsidiary and Parent Borrower together with a Note in favor of each requesting Lender, and such Subsidiary shall for all purposes of this Agreement be a Borrower and party to this Agreement (until its status as a Borrower is terminated in accordance with clause (d) below) upon such consent of the Administrative Agent and such delivery; provided that, with respect to such Foreign Subsidiary so designated pursuant to this clause (a)(ii), (x) to the extent not previously complied with, such Subsidiary shall comply with the requirements of Section 5.11 mutatis mutandis (it being understood that the documents described in Section 5.11 shall be delivered on the effective date of the Borrower Supplement to the extent not previously delivered), (y) the Administrative Agent shall have received documents of the type described in Sections
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4.1(a)(ii), 4.1(c), 4.1(d), 4.1(e) and 4.1(i) (or equivalent or comparable documents for the applicable jurisdiction of such Foreign Subsidiary in form and substance acceptable to the Administrative Agent) dated as of the effective date of the Borrower Supplement with respect to such Foreign Subsidiary in substantially the same form as such documents that were delivered with respect to Parent Borrower on the Effective Date or such other form as may be acceptable to the Administrative Agent and (z) the Administrative Agent shall have received, at least five (5) Business Days prior to the effective date of such Borrower Supplement, all documentation and other information regarding such Foreign Subsidiary requested in connection with applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including the USA Patriot Act, and to the extent such Foreign Subsidiary qualifies as a “legal entity customer” under the Beneficial Ownership Regulation, at least five (5) Business Days prior to the effective date of such Borrower Supplement, any Lender that has requested a Beneficial Ownership Certification in relation to such Foreign Subsidiary shall have received such Beneficial Ownership Certification; provided further that, with respect to each Foreign Subsidiary so designated pursuant to clause (a)(ii), (x) such Foreign Subsidiary Borrower and its subsidiaries, as applicable, shall deliver applicable Foreign Collateral Documents and satisfy the Foreign Collateral Requirement and (y) the Administrative Agent shall be reasonably satisfied that any payments by or on account of such Foreign Subsidiary Borrower hereunder or under any Loan Document will not be subject to deduction or withholding for any Taxes (unless indemnified pursuant to Section 2.16 of this Agreement, subject to such Lender’s compliance with Section 2.16(e)) that would not have applied in the absence of the designation of such Foreign Subsidiary as a Foreign Subsidiary Borrower. As soon as practicable upon receipt of a Borrower Supplement, the Administrative Agent will deliver a copy thereof to each Lender.
(b)In order to accommodate (i) the designation of a Foreign Subsidiary as a Foreign Subsidiary Borrower or (ii) extensions of credit to a Foreign Subsidiary Borrower, in each case, where one or more Lenders are able and willing to lend Loans to, and participate in Letters of Credit issued for the account of, such Foreign Subsidiary, but other Lenders are not so able and willing or are Increased Cost Lenders, the Administrative Agent shall be permitted, solely with the consent of the Parent Borrower, to effect such changes to the provisions of this Agreement as it reasonably believes are appropriate in order for such provisions to operate in a customary and usual manner for “multiple-currency” syndicated lending agreements to a limited liability company and certain of its Foreign Subsidiaries, all with the intention of providing procedures for the Lenders who are so able and willing to extend credit to such Foreign Subsidiaries and for the other Lenders (including Increased Cost Lenders) not to be required to do so. In addition, in order to accommodate the designation of a Foreign Subsidiary as a Foreign Subsidiary Borrower, the Administrative Agent shall be permitted, solely with the consent of the Parent Borrower, to effect such changes to the provisions of this Agreement as it reasonably believes are appropriate to ensure (x) no Lender will be subject to any Taxes (unless indemnified pursuant to Section 2.16 of this Agreement, subject to such Lender’s compliance with Section 2.16(e)) to which such Lender would not have been subject as a result of designation of a Foreign Subsidiary as a Foreign Subsidiary Borrower and (y) any payments by or on account of such Foreign Subsidiary Borrower hereunder or under any Loan Document will not be subject to deduction or withholding for any Taxes (unless
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Schedule 1.1(a)
Permitted Holders
Schedule 1.1(b)
Designated Excluded Subsidiaries
Amending Deed No.2 – Securities Sale Deed H&H Australia Intermediate Holdings Pty Ltd Shareholder Representative Services LLC | |||||
Details
| Date | September 29, 2026 | ||||
Parties
Name | H&H Australia Intermediate Holdings Pty Ltd | ||||
ACN | 694,778,375 | ||||
Short form name | Purchaser | ||||
Notice details | C/- MinterEllison, Governor Macquarie Tower, 1 Farrer Place, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia | ||||
Attention: Legal | |||||
Name | Shareholder Representative Services LLC | ||||
Short form name | Appointed Representative | ||||
Notice details | 950 17th Street, Suite 1400, Denver, CO 80202 | ||||
Attention: Managing Director | |||||
Background
AThe parties refer to the securities sale deed in respect of the sale and purchase of securities in EUC Management Pty Ltd (ACN 631 013 860) (Target), dated 19 February 2026 (as amended on 1 June 2026, the SSD), between (among others) the then holders of securities in the Target, the Purchaser and Hims, Inc.
BOn 1 June 2026 Tim Doyle and Nick Crocker (in their capacity as Initial Appointed Representatives under the SSD) appointed Shareholder Representative Services LLC as 'Appointed Representative' under the SSD in accordance with clause 20.1 of the SSD.
CClause 21.1(b)(i) of the SSD provides that the SSD may be altered in writing signed by the Appointed Representative and the Purchaser if the alteration does not materially diminish the rights, or increase the obligations, of any Vendor Side Party.
DThe parties wish to amend the SSD on the terms set out in this deed.
Amending Deed No.2 – Securities Sale Deed | Page 2 | ||||
Agreed terms
1.Defined terms & interpretation
1.1 Defined terms
In this deed, a word or phrase defined in the SSD has the meaning given to it in the SSD unless a different meaning is expressly used in this deed or the context otherwise requires:
1.2 Interpretation
The interpretation provisions in clause 1.2 of the SSD apply to this deed.
1.3 Headings
Headings are for ease of reference only and do not affect interpretation.
2. Amendment to SSD
2.1 Amendment
On and with effect from the date of this deed, each party to this deed agrees that clause 4.2(b) of the SSD is amended by deleting the words 'the first Business Day of the calendar month immediately following' in the first line of clause 4.2(b).
2.2 Amendments not to affect validity, rights and obligations
This deed is only intended to vary the SSD in the manner set out in clause 2.1 above and does not terminate, discharge, rescind or replace it. The amendments to the SSD do not affect the validity or enforceability of the SSD.
2.3 Acknowledgement
Each party acknowledges and agrees that this deed is issued in accordance with the SSD and (including the amendment procedure specified in clause 21.1 of the SSD) and that the changes proposed in clause 2.1 do not materially diminish the rights, or increase the obligations, of any Vendor Side Party.
3. Miscellaneous
3.1 Counterparts
This deed may be executed in any number of counterparts. Each counterpart constitutes an original of this deed, all of which together constitute one instrument. A party who has executed a counterpart of this deed may exchange it with another party by emailing a pdf (portable document format) copy of, the executed counterpart to that other party, and if requested by that other party, will promptly deliver the original by hand or post. Failure to make that delivery will not affect the validity of this deed.
3.2 Governing law and jurisdiction
This deed (and any non-contractual obligations arising out of or in connection with it) is governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of New South Wales. Each party irrevocably submits to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of New South Wales and the courts competent to determine appeals from those courts, with respect to any proceedings that may be brought at any time relating to this deed (and any non-contractual obligations arising out of or in connection with it) and waives any objection it may have now or in the future to the venue of any proceedings, and any claim it may have now or in the future that any proceedings have been brought in an inconvenient forum, if that venue falls within this clause 3.2.
3.3 Giving effect to this document
Each party must, at its own expense, do everything reasonably necessary to give full effect to this deed and any transactions contemplated in it.
Amending Deed No.2 – Securities Sale Deed | Page 3 | ||||
Signing page
EXECUTED as a deed.
Executed by H&H Australia Intermediate Holdings Pty Ltd ACN 694 778 375 in accordance with Section 127 of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth): | ||||||||
| /s/ Andrew Dudum | /s/ Oluyemi Okupe | |||||||
| Signature of director | Signature of director/secretary | |||||||
| Andrew Dudum | Oluyemi Okupe | |||||||
| Name of director (print) | Name of director/secretary (print) | |||||||
Dated: September 29, 2026
Executed by Shareholder Representative Services LLC in by the following authorised officers | ||||||||
| /s/ Casey McTigue | ||||||||
| Signature of authorised officer | Signature of authorised officer | |||||||
| Casey McTigue, Managing Director | ||||||||
| Name of authorised officer (print) | Name of authorised officer (print) | |||||||
Dated: September 29, 2026
Amending Deed No.2 – Securities Sale Deed | Page 4 | ||||
EXHIBIT 31.1
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14 AND 15d-14
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED
I, Andrew Dudum, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2026 of Hims & Hers Health, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the period presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.
Date: November 9, 2026 | By: | /s/ Andrew Dudum | |||||||||
| Andrew Dudum | |||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||
1
EXHIBIT 31.2
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14 AND 15d-14
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED
I, Oluyemi Okupe, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2026 of Hims & Hers Health, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the period presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.
Date: November 9, 2026 | By: | /s/ Oluyemi Okupe | |||||||||
| Oluyemi Okupe | |||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||||||
1
EXHIBIT 32.1
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. 1350
(SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002)
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Hims & Hers Health, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2026, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:
(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: November 9, 2026 | /s/ Andrew Dudum | ||||||||||
| Andrew Dudum | |||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||||||||
1
EXHIBIT 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. 1350
(SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002)
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Hims & Hers Health, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2026, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of my knowledge:
(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: November 9, 2026 | /s/ Oluyemi Okupe | ||||||||||
| Oluyemi Okupe | |||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||||||||
1