MindForge Inc 20-F for FY2026
MindForge Inc. (MF)
About this 20-F
MindForge Inc filed this 20-F on October 26, 2026, covering the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026 (FY2026).
MindForge Inc. reported revenue decreased by $14.8 million, or 50%, to $14.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2026, alongside a net loss of $33,112,851; cash was $12,333,758. AI summary
Headline figures
Fiscal year ended June 30, 2026, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $14.86M
- down 49.9% from $29.67M a year earlier
- Net loss
- $33.11M
- compared with a net loss of $2.72M a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
(Mark One)
OR
For the fiscal year ended
OR
OR
For the transition period from to
Commission file number:
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
The Nasdaq Capital Market |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
☐ Yes ☒
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
☐ Yes ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ | |||
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
| ☒ | International Financial Reporting Standards as issued | Other ☐ | ||
| by the International Accounting Standards Board ☐ |
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).
☐ Yes
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.
☐ Yes ☐ No
Table of Contents
i
INTRODUCTION
Except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of this annual report only the term:
| ● | “China” or the “PRC” are to the People’s Republic of China, excluding Taiwan, for the purposes of this annual report only; |
| ● | “Class A ordinary shares” means the Class A ordinary shares of a par value of $0.04 each; | |
| ● | “Class B ordinary shares” means the Class B ordinary shares of a par value of $0.04 each | |
| ● | “Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association” is the fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles of association of the Company. | |
| ● | “Jiangsu Jingmo” is to Jiangsu Jingmo Technology Co., Ltd., a PRC company and a wholly owned subsidiary of MF Beijing; |
| ● | “Jiangsu YJYC” is to Jiangsu YJYC Technology Co., Ltd., a PRC company and a wholly owned subsidiary of MF Beijing; |
| ● | “JZSC Technology” is to Zhejiang JZSC Technology Co., Ltd., a PRC company that is wholly owned by WFOE Zhejiang; | |
| ● | “JZYH Technology” is to Hangzhou JZYH Technology Co., Ltd., a PRC company that is wholly owned by WFOE Zhejiang; |
| ● | “JCZN Hangzhou” is to Zhejiang Decision Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., a PRC company that is wholly owned by WFOE Shanghai; | |
| ● | “MF” is to MindForge Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares; | |
| ● | “MF Beijing” is to Youjiayoubao (Beijing) Technology Co., Limited (also known as Youjiayoubao Technology Co., Ltd. in China), a PRC company that is wholly owned by WFOE Zhejiang; | |
| ● | “MF HK” is to MF Group Limited, a Hong Kong limited company, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of MF; | |
| ● | “MF Suzhou” is to Suzhou Youjiayoubao Technology Co., Limited, a PRC company that is wholly owned by WFOE Beijing Suzhou; |
| ● | “Ordinary Shares” refer to the Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares of the Company, par value $0.04 per share; |
| ● | “PRC Operating Entities” is to MF Suzhou, MF Beijing, RDYJ, Jiangsu Jingmo, Jiangsu YJYC, JCZN Hangzhou, and JZSC Technology; |
| ● | “PRC subsidiaries” is to MF Suzhou, MF Beijing, RDYJ, Jiangsu Jingmo, Jiangsu YJYC, JZSC Technology, JCZN Hangzhou and the WFOEs; |
| ● | “RDYJ” is to Rudongyoujia Smart Technology Co., Ltd., a PRC company and a wholly owned subsidiary of MF Beijing; |
| ● | “MF” is to MindForge Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company limited by shares; |
ii
| ● | “WFOE Beijing” is to Beijing Lianghua Technology Co., Limited, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise in the PRC and a wholly-owned subsidiary of MF HK; |
| ● | “WFOE Suzhou” is to Suzhou Lianghua Digital Technology Co., Limited, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise in the PRC and a wholly-owned subsidiary of MF HK; |
| ● | “WFOE Zhejiang” is to Zhejiang JZSC Enterprise Management Co., Ltd., a PRC company that is wholly owned by MF HK; |
| ● | “WFOE Shanghai” is to Shanghai ZLQX Technology Service Co., Ltd, a PRC company that is wholly owned by MF HK; |
| ● | “WFOEs” are to WFOE Beijing, WFOE Suzhou, WFOE Shanghai and WFOE Zhejiang, collectively; and |
| ● | “we,” “us,” “our Company,” “the Company,” or “our” are to MF and all its subsidiaries. |
MF was incorporated on June 30, 2021 in the Cayman Islands under the name U-BX Technology Ltd. The change of the name from U-BX Technology Ltd. to MindForge Inc. was approved at the annual general shareholders meeting on November 4, 2025 and implemented on July 10, 2026 through the directors’ approval, which became effective on July 15, 2026. MF does not have material operations of its own. We conduct business through the PRC Operating Entities, using Chinese Yuan (“RMB”). The reporting currency is U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at year-end exchange rates, income statement accounts are translated at average rates of exchange for the year and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Any translation gains or losses are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in net income.
The exchange rates as of June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024 for the years then ended are as follows:
| As of June 30, | For the years ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency | Balance Sheet | Balance Sheet | Profits/ Loss | Profits/ Loss | Profits/ Loss | |||||||||||||||
| RMB:1US$* | 6.8109 | 7.1586 | 7.0034 | 7.1839 | 7.1326 | |||||||||||||||
| * | The exchange rates disclosed herein are derived from the official data published by the People’s Bank of China (PBOC). Period-end rates reflect the central parity rates on the respective balance sheet dates, while average rates represent the arithmetic mean of daily central parity rates over the reporting periods. |
We obtained the industry and market data used in this annual report or any document incorporated by reference from industry publications, research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties and our own internal estimates based on our management’s knowledge and experience in the markets in which we operate. We did not, directly or indirectly, sponsor or participate in the publication of such materials, and these materials are not incorporated in this annual report other than to the extent specifically cited in this annual report. We have sought to provide current information in this annual report and believe that the statistics provided in this annual report remain up-to-date and reliable, and these materials are not incorporated in this annual report other than to the extent specifically cited in this annual report.
iii
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events, all of which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can find many (but not all) of these statements by the use of words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or other similar expressions in this annual report. These statements are likely to address our growth strategy, financial results and product and development programs. You must carefully consider any such statements and should understand that many factors could cause actual results to differ from our forward-looking statements. These factors may include inaccurate assumptions and a broad variety of other risks and uncertainties, including some that are known and some that are not. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed and actual future results may vary materially. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
| ● | our goals and strategies; |
| ● | our future business development, financial condition and results of operations; |
| ● | introduction of new product and service offerings; |
| ● | expected changes in our revenues, costs or expenditures; |
| ● | our expectations regarding the demand for and market acceptance of our products and services; |
| ● | expected growth of our customers, including consolidated account customers; |
| ● | competition in our industry; |
| ● | government policies and regulations relating to our industry; | |
| ● | the length and severity of the recent COVID-19 outbreak and its impact on our business and industry |
| ● | any recurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic and scope of related government orders and restrictions and the extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy; |
| ● | other factors that may affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations; and |
| ● | other risk factors discussed under “Item 3. Key Information — 3.D. Risk Factors.” |
We base our forward-looking statements on our management’s beliefs and assumptions based on information available to our management at the time the statements are made. We caution you that actual outcomes and results may, and are likely to, differ materially from what is expressed, implied or forecast by our forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should be careful about relying on any forward-looking statements. Except as required under the federal securities laws, we do not have any intention or obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements after the distribution of this annual report, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions, or otherwise.
iv
PART I
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.
Item 3. Key Information
Overview
MF was incorporated on June 30, 2021 in the Cayman Islands under the name U-BX Technology Ltd. The change of the name from U-BX Technology Ltd. to MindForge Inc. was approved at the annual general shareholders meeting on November 4, 2025 and implemented on July 10, 2026 through the directors’ approval, which became effective on July 15, 2026. MF does not have material operations of its own. We conduct business through the PRC Operating Entities. Since MF Beijing’s establishment in 2018, the PRC Operating Entities have focused on providing value-added services using artificial intelligence-driven technology to businesses within the insurance industry, including insurance carriers and brokers. All of our revenue was and will continue to be derived from mainland China, and none of our revenue was derived from Hong Kong or Macau.
Our PRC Operating Entities’ business primarily consists of providing the following four services/products: i) digital promotion services, ii) risk assessment services, iii) value-added bundled benefits, and iv) sales of goods and other services. The PRC Operating Entities help their institutional clients obtain visibility on various social media platforms and generate its revenue based on consumers’ clicks, views or its clients’ promotion time through those channels. MF Beijing also developed a unique algorithm and named it the “Magic Mirror” to calculate payout risks for insurance carriers to underwrite auto insurance coverage. Utilizing the proprietary algorithmic model, our PRC Operating Entities are able to generate individualized risk reports based on the vehicle brand, model, travel area, and vehicle age. In turn, our PRC Operating Entities are able to generate revenue based on the number of assessment reports provided to the insurance carriers. Lastly, to help major insurance carriers or brokers attract their customers, our PRC Operating Entities sell bundled benefits, including car wash, maintenance plans or parking notifications, to these carriers, which they may then pass onto their customers for either low or no cost.
In addition to servicing institutional customers, our PRC Operating Entities provide up-to-date insurance-related information to individual consumers through its mini-application embedded in other social media platforms. The information is provided to educate consumers and insurance brokers about the insurance industry, thus helping us build a stronger brand image with the general public.
As of June 30, 2026 and the date of this annual report, our PRC Operating Entities’ client base consists of more than 300 city-level property and auto insurance carriers nationwide using its products and services to conduct business on a daily basis. Some of its clients include large corporations such as the People’s Insurance Company of China, Dajia Property Insurance Co., Ltd., China Pacific Property Insurance Co., Ltd., China Life Property Insurance Co., Ltd., Yongcheng Property Insurance Co., Ltd., Huatai Insurance Brokers Co., Ltd. With the future digitization of the insurance industry, we expect to have a broader reach within the overall insurance industry, as our PRC Operating Entities’ business focuses on providing insurance technology solutions to insurance carriers interested in applying artificial intelligence technology and online traffic promotion method in their operation. We believe the future digitization of the insurance industry will create more interest among insurance carriers in using the technology and promotion channels our PRC Operating Entities offers.
1
Corporate History and Structure
The following diagram illustrates the corporate structure of MindForge Inc. and its subsidiaries as of the date of this annual report.
MF was incorporated on June 30, 2021 in the Cayman Islands. It is a holding company and is not actively engaged in any business as of the date of this annual report. MF is authorized to issue 6,050,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of par value USD 0.04 each and 200,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of par value USD 0.04 each. As of the date of this annual report, there are 6,061,683 Class A ordinary shares and 306,383 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding. MF’s registered office is at Harneys Fiduciary (Cayman) Limited, 4th Floor, Harbour Place, 103 South Church Street, P.O. Box 10240, Grand Cayman, KY1-1002, Cayman Islands.
MF HK was incorporated on July 14, 2021 under the laws of Hong Kong. MF HK is a Hong Kong limited company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of MF. MF HK is a holding company and does not have any operations.
WFOE Beijing was incorporated on July 23, 2021 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. WFOE Beijing is a wholly-foreign owned enterprise, a limited liability company, and a wholly-owned subsidiary of MF HK. WFOE Beijing does not have any operations.
WFOE Suzhou was incorporated on November 28, 2022 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. WFOE Suzhou is a wholly-foreign owned enterprise, a limited liability company, and a wholly-owned subsidiary of MF HK. WFOE Suzhou is a holding company and does not have any operations.
WFOE Zhejiang was incorporated on July 10, 2023 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. WFOE Zhejiang is a limited liability company, and a wholly owned subsidiary of MF HK. WFOE Zhejiang is a holding company and has never had any assets or operations.
WFOE Shanghai was incorporated on May 7, 2025 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. WFOE Shanghai is a limited liability company, and a wholly owned subsidiary of MF HK. WFOE Shanghai is a holding company and has never had any assets or operations.
MF Beijing was incorporated on March 27, 2018 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. MF Beijing is a limited liability company. WFOE Beijing, MF Beijing and the then shareholders of MF Beijing entered into a series of contractual agreements, including the Equity Pledge Agreement, Exclusive Call Option Agreement, Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, Business Cooperation Agreement and Consultation and Services Agreement (the “VIE Agreements”). The VIE Agreements established the VIE structure. On February 20, 2022, with approval of WFOE Beijing and approval of the sole executive director of MF Beijing, MF Beijing issued 2.99% equity interest in MF Beijing to a third-party investor. The issuance was completed on February 28, 2022. On February 28, 2022, WFOE Beijing exercised its call option under the Exclusive Call Option Agreements dated August 16, 2021 with certain shareholders of MF Beijing and entered into equity transfer agreements with all the shareholders of MF Beijing to purchase all the equity interest in MF Beijing. On March 3, 2022, WFOE Beijing entered into a termination agreement with MF Beijing that terminated the Business Cooperation Agreement and Consultation and Services Agreement, WFOE Beijing also entered into termination agreements with each shareholder of MF Beijing to terminate the Equity Pledge Agreement, Exclusive Call Option Agreement and Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement. The restructure was completed on March 3, 2022. As a result, MF Beijing became a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE Beijing and the VIE structure was dissolved. On May 21, 2024, WFOE Beijing signed an equity transfer agreement with WFOE Zhejiang, transferring 100% equity of MF Beijing to WFOE Zhejiang.
2
Jiangsu Jingmo was incorporated on July 9, 2020 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China and was dissolved on July 23, 2025.
Jiangsu YJYC was incorporated on June 29, 2020 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China and was dissolved on December 19, 2024.
RDYJ was incorporated on July 27, 2018 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China and was dissolved on October 28, 2024.
Jiangsu YCHB was incorporated on August 21, 2020 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China and was dissolved on March 1, 2022. Jiangsu YCHB was a limited liability company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of MF Beijing. Jiangsu YCHB has never had any assets or operation.
MF Suzhou was incorporated on December 2, 2022 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. MF Suzhou is a limited liability company, and a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE Suzhou.
JZSC Technology was incorporated on November 6, 2023 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. JZSC Technology is a limited liability company, and a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE Zhejiang.
JCZN Hangzhou was incorporated on May 21, 2025 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. JCZN Hangzhou is a limited liability company, and a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE Shanghai.
JZYH Technology was incorporated on February 25, 2026 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. JZYH Technology is a limited liability company, and a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE Zhejiang.
The Restructuring
Prior to the restructure completed in March 2022, WFOE Beijing entered into a series of VIE Agreements with MF Beijing and the shareholders of MF Beijing, which established the VIE structure. The VIE structure was used to provide investors with exposure to foreign investment in China-base companies where Chinese law prohibits direct foreign investments in certain industries.
As a result of the VIE Agreements, WFOE Beijing was regarded as the primary beneficiary of MF Beijing, and we treated MF Beijing and its subsidiaries as the variable interest entities under U.S. GAAP for accounting purposes. We have consolidated the financial results of MF Beijing and its subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
In February 2022, the MF HK, the parent company of WFOE Beijing, decided to dissolve the VIE structure. On February 20, 2022, with approval of WFOE Beijing and approval of the sole executive director of MF Beijing, MF Beijing issued 2.99% equity interest in MF Beijing to a third-party investor. The issuance was completed on February 28, 2022. On February 28, 2022, WFOE Beijing exercised its call option under the Exclusive Call Option Agreements with certain shareholders of MF Beijing and entered into equity transfer agreements with all the shareholders of MF Beijing to purchase all the equity interest in MF Beijing. On March 3, 2022, WFOE Beijing entered into a termination agreement with MF Beijing that terminated the Business Cooperation Agreement and Consultation and Services Agreement, WFOE Beijing also entered into each shareholder of MF Beijing to terminate the Equity Pledge Agreement, Exclusive Call Option Agreement and Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement. The restructure was completed on March 3, 2022. As a result, MF Beijing became a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE Beijing and the VIE structure is dissolved. The VIE Agreements were terminated. On May 21, 2024, WFOE Beijing signed an equity transfer agreement with WFOE Zhejiang, transferring 100% equity of MF Beijing to WFOE Zhejiang.
3
The 2024 Reverse Share Split
The Company completed a reverse share split of its then issued and outstanding ordinary shares, as well as the number of authorized ordinary shares, at a ratio of one-for-sixteen (1-for-16) (the “2024 Reverse Share Split”) on November 27, 2024. The 2024 Reverse Share Split was approved by the shareholders at the annual meeting of shareholders held on October 24, 2024 and by the Board on November 2, 2024. During the same annual meeting, the shareholders also approve an increase of the Company’s share capital. As a result, the Company’s authorized share capital was US$1,000,000 divided into 625,000,000 ordinary shares of par value of US$0.0016 each. The First Reverse Share Split was implemented to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) for continued listing on the Nasdaq.
The Share Capital Increase and Dual Class Structure
On November 4, 2025, the Company held its annual general meeting of shareholders, pursuant to which a share capital increase of the Company’s then issued and outstanding ordinary shares, as well as the adoption of a dual class structure, were approved by the Company’s shareholders. As a result, the Company’s authorized share capital was increased from USD 1,000,000.00 divided into 625,000,000 ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each to USD 250,000,000.00 divided into 156,250,000,000 ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each by the creation of additional 155,625,000,000 ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each.
Subsequently, all of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of the Company were redesignated into (i) Class A ordinary shares of USD 0.0016 par value each, each having identical rights as the existing ordinary shares with one (1) vote per share on a one for one basis; (ii) 5,000,000,000 authorized but unissued ordinary shares were redesignated into 5,000,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each, each having 20 votes per share on a one for one basis; and (iii) the remaining authorized but unissued ordinary shares were redesignated into Class A ordinary shares of par value USD0.0016 on a one for one basis, (i-iii above are collectively referred to as the “Variation of Share Capital”). As a result, immediately following the Variation of Share Capital, the authorized share capital of the Company was changed from USD 250,000,000.00 divided into 156,250,000,000 ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each, to USD 250,000,000.00 divided into 151,250,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each and 5,000,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each.
The 2026 Reverse Share Split
The Company completed another reverse share split of its then issued and outstanding Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares, as well as the number of authorized ordinary shares, at a ratio of one-for-twenty-five (1-for-25) (the “2026 Reverse Share Split”) on May 22, 2026. The 2026 Reverse Share Split was approved by the shareholders at the annual general meeting of shareholders held on November 4, 2025 and by the Board on May 12, 2026. As a result of the 2026 Reverse Share Split, every twenty five (25) issued and outstanding Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0016 per share, of the Company were combined into one (1) Class A ordinary share, par value $0.04 per share, and every twenty five (25) issued and outstanding Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0016 per share, of the Company were combined into one (1) Class A ordinary share, par value $0.04 per share. The 2026 Reverse Share Split reduced the number of outstanding Class B ordinary shares of the Company from approximately 38 million to approximately 1.5 million. The par value of the Ordinary Shares was increased in proportion to the ratio of the 2026 Reverse Share Split to $0.04 per share and the number of authorized Ordinary Shares was reduced in proportion to the ratio of the 2026 Reverse Share Split to 6,050,000,000 Class A ordinary shares and 200,000,000 Class B ordinary shares. Unless specified otherwise, and except as provided in the financial statements and footnotes thereto, all references in this annual report to share and per share data have been adjusted, including historical data which has been retroactively adjusted, to give effect to the 2026 Reverse Share Split. As of the date of this annual report, there are 6,061,683 Class A ordinary shares and 306,383 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding.
Holding Company Structure
MF is a holding company with no material operations of its own. We currently conduct our operations primarily through the PRC Operating Entities. Investors will not and may never directly hold equity interests in the PRC Operating Entities. After the dissolution of the VIE structure, MF now controls and receives the economic benefits of MF Beijing, MF Suzhou, JZSC Technology, JCZN Hangzhou, and MF Beijing’s subsidiaries’ business operations, if any, through equity ownership.
Transfers of Cash to and from our subsidiaries
Our management monitors the cash position of each entity within our organization regularly and prepare budgets on a monthly basis to ensure each entity has the necessary funds to fulfill its obligation for the foreseeable future and to ensure adequate liquidity. In the event that there is a need for cash or a potential liquidity issue, it will be reported to our Chief Financial Officer and subject to approval by our board of directors, we will enter into an intercompany loan for the subsidiary.
MF is permitted under the laws of the Cayman Islands to provide funding to MF HK through loans or capital contributions without restrictions on the amount of the funds. MF HK is permitted under the respective laws of Hong Kong to provide funding to WFOE Beijing, WFOE Shanghai, WFOE Suzhou and WFOE Zhejiang (the “WFOEs”) through capital investment without restrictions on the amount of the funds. There are no restrictions on dividend payments from Hong Kong to the Cayman Islands.
4
To transfer cash from MF HK to the WFOEs, MF HK can increase its registered capital in the WFOEs, which requires a filing with the local commerce department, or through a shareholder loan, which requires a filing with the State Administration of Foreign Exchange or its local bureau. Aside from the declaration to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, there is no restriction or limitations on such cash transfer or earnings distribution.
To make loans to MF HK, the WFOEs or the PRC Operating Entities, according to Matters relating to the Macro-prudential Management of Comprehensive Cross-border Financing, or PBOC Circular 9 promulgated by the People’s Bank of China, the total cross-border financing of a company shall be calculated using a risk-weighted approach and shall not exceed an upper limit. The upper limit shall be calculated as capital or assets (for enterprises, net assets shall apply) multiplied by a cross-border financing leverage ratio and multiplied by a macro-prudential regulation parameter. The macro-prudential regulation parameter is currently 1, which may be adjusted by the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange in the future, and the cross-border financing leverage ratio is 2 for enterprises. Therefore, the upper limit of the loans that a PRC company can borrow from foreign companies shall be calculated at 2 times the borrower’s net assets. When WFOE Zhejiang and MF Beijing jointly apply for, or when WFOE Suzhou and MF Suzhou jointly apply for, or when WFOE Shanghai and JCZN Hangzhou jointly apply for, or when WFOE Zhejiang and JZSC Technology jointly apply for borrowing foreign debt, the upper limit of borrowing shall be 2 times of the net assets in the consolidated financial statement, and Our PRC Operating Entities shall make a commitment to refrain from borrowing foreign debt in their own respective names.
MF may rely on dividends paid by its subsidiaries for its working capital and cash needs, including the funds necessary to pay dividends to its shareholders. If MF’s subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends to MF.
As a result of PRC laws and regulations (noted below) that require annual appropriations of 10% of after-tax income to be set aside in a general reserve fund prior to payment of dividends, the WFOEs are restricted in that respect, as well as in other respects noted below, in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to MF HK as a dividend. We note the following:
1. PRC regulations currently permit the payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations;
2. a WFOE is required to set aside, at a minimum, 10% of their net income after taxes, based on PRC accounting standards, each year as statutory surplus reserves until the cumulative amount of such reserves reaches 50% of their registered capital. Dividends paid by the WFOE to HK are subject to the 10% withholding tax;
3. Such reserves may not be distributed as cash dividends;
4. a WFOE may also allocate a portion of their after-tax profits to fund their staff welfare and bonus funds; except in the event of a liquidation, these funds may also not be distributed to shareholders; the Company does not participate in a Common Welfare Fund; and
5. The incurrence of debt, specifically the instruments governing such debt, may restrict a subsidiary’s ability to pay stockholder dividends or make other cash distributions.
As of the date of this annual report, MF and its subsidiaries have not distributed any earnings or settled any amounts owed under the previous VIE Agreements, nor does MF and its subsidiaries have any plan to distribute earnings or settle amounts in the foreseeable future. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026, MF did not make any transfers to its subsidiaries. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025, MF transferred a total of $11,150,000 to MF HK, of which MF HK transferred $8,000,000 to WFOEs. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, MF transferred a total of $2,410,000 to MF HK, of which MF HK transferred $2,400,000 to WFOE Zhejiang. During the fiscal years ended June 30, 2026, 2025, and 2024, there have been no dividends or distributions between the holding company, its subsidiaries or to investors.
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As of the date of this annual report, cash transfers and/or transfers of other assets between our Company and our subsidiaries were as follows:
| Transfer | Transfer | Amount | ||||||||||
| No. | From | To | ($) | Date | Purpose | |||||||
| 1 | MF | MF HK | 40 | 3-Aug-21 | Transfer to test if the recipient’s bank account works normally | |||||||
| 2 | MF | MF HK | 1,000 | 5-Aug-21 | Transfer to test if the recipient’s bank account works normally | |||||||
| 3 | MF HK | WFOE Beijing | 500 | 6-Aug-21 | Transfer to test if the recipient’s bank account works normally | |||||||
| 4 | MF | MF HK | 2,000 | 26-Oct-22 | Transfer to test if the recipient’s bank account works normally | |||||||
| 5 | MF | MF HK | 3,000 | 21-Dec-22 | Transfer to test if the recipient’s bank account works normally | |||||||
| 6 | MF | MF HK | 3,780 | 10-Mar-23 | Transfer to test if the recipient’s bank account works normally | |||||||
| 7 | MF | MF HK | 200,000 | 8-Apr-24 | Internal transfer | |||||||
| 8 | MF HK | WFOE Beijing | 200,000 | 8-Apr-24 | Capital investment | |||||||
| 9 | MF | MF HK | 200,000 | 5-Jun-24 | Internal transfer | |||||||
| 10 | MF HK | WFOE Zhejiang | 200,000 | 5-Jun-24 | Capital investment | |||||||
| 11 | MF | MF HK | 10,000 | 9-Jul-24 | Internal transfer | |||||||
| 12 | MF | MF HK | 2,000,000 | 19-Sep-24 | Internal transfer | |||||||
| 13 | MF HK | WFOE Zhejiang | 1,000,000 | 20-Sep-24 | Capital investment | |||||||
| 14 | MF HK | WFOE Zhejiang | 1,000,000 | 23-Sep-24 | Capital investment | |||||||
| 15 | MF | MF HK | 800,000 | 13-Feb-25 | Internal transfer | |||||||
| 16 | MF | MF HK | 700,000 | 13-Feb-25 | Internal transfer | |||||||
| 17 | MF HK | WFOE Suzhou | 1,000,000 | 20-Feb-25 | Capital investment | |||||||
| 18 | MF | MF HK | 1,500,000 | 21-May-25 | Internal transfer | |||||||
| 19 | MF | MF HK | 1,500,000 | 22-May-25 | Internal transfer | |||||||
| 20 | MF | MF HK | 1,800,000 | 30-May-25 | Internal transfer | |||||||
| 21 | MF | MF HK | 1,500,000 | 10-Jun-25 | Internal transfer | |||||||
| 22 | MF | MF HK | 1,850,000 | 11-Jun-25 | Internal transfer | |||||||
| 23 | MF HK | WFOE Shanghai | 6,000,000 | 12-Jun-25 | Capital investment | |||||||
| 24 | MF HK | WFOE Shanghai | 1,000,000 | 13-Jun-25 | Capital investment | |||||||
Dividend Policy
We anticipate that we will retain any earnings to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business in the near future. Therefore, we do not expect to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on a number of factors, including future earnings, capital requirements, financial conditions and future prospects and other factors the board of directors may deem relevant. As of the date of this annual report, we have not paid any dividends or distributions to our shareholders.
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Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA ACT”)
Our Class A ordinary shares may be prohibited from trading on a national exchange under the HFCA ACT if the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) is unable to inspect our auditors for two consecutive years beginning in 2021. On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and on December 29, 2022, legislation entitled “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023” (the “Consolidated Appropriations Act”) was signed into law by President Biden, which contained, among other things, an identical provision to the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and amended the HFCA Act by requiring the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three, thus reducing the time period for triggering the prohibition on trading. On December 2, 2021, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) adopted final amendments to its rules implementing the HFCA ACT. The rules apply to registrants the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate (Commission-Identified Issuers) and require Commission-Identified Issuers identified by the SEC to submit documentation and make disclosures required under the HFCA ACT. In addition, the final amendments also establish procedures the SEC will follow in (i) determining whether a registrant is a “Commission-Identified Issuer” and (ii) prohibiting the trading on U.S. securities exchanges and in the over-the-counter market of securities of a “Commission-Identified Issuer” under the HFCA ACT. The final amendments are effective on January 10, 2022. The SEC will begin to identify and list Commission-Identified Issuers on its website shortly after registrants begin filing their annual reports for 2021. Pursuant to the HFCA ACT, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report on December 16, 2021, which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China or Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of the PRC, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in the PRC or Hong Kong. In addition, the PCAOB’s report identified the specific registered public accounting firms which are subject to these determinations. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it had signed a Statement of Protocol (the “SOP”) with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of China. The SOP, together with two protocol agreements governing inspections and investigations (together, the “SOP Agreement”), establishes a specific, accountable framework to make possible complete inspections and investigations by the PCAOB of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong, as required under U.S. law. The SOP Agreement remains unpublished and is subject to further explanation and implementation. Pursuant to the fact sheet with respect to the SOP Agreement disclosed by the SEC, the PCAOB shall have sole discretion to select any audit firms for inspection or investigation and the PCAOB inspectors and investigators shall have a right to see all audit documentation without redaction. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB Board determined that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong and voted to vacate its previous determinations to the contrary. However, should PRC authorities obstruct or otherwise fail to facilitate the PCAOB’s access in the future, the PCAOB Board will consider the need to issue a new determination. Our auditor, HTL International, LLC, is an independent registered public accounting firm that issued the audit report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026, 2025, and 2024, respectively, included in this annual report. HTL International, LLC, headquartered in Houston, Texas, is also an independent registered public accounting firm with the PCAOB, subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. HTL is subject to inspection by the PCAOB on a regular basis, and therefore we believe that HTL is not subject to the PCAOB determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021 as of the date of this annual report. However, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law, or Article 177, which became effective in March 2020, the securities regulatory authority of the State Council may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with securities regulatory authorities of another country or region for the implementation of cross-border supervision and administration. Article 177 further provides that overseas securities regulatory authorities shall not engage in activities pertaining to investigations or evidence collection directly conducted within the territories of the PRC, and that no Chinese entities or individuals shall provide documents and information in connection with securities business activities to any organizations and/or persons aboard without the prior consent of the securities regulatory authority of the State Council and the competent departments of the State Council. If our Class A ordinary shares are prohibited from being traded on a national securities exchange or over-the counter under the HFCA Act under the HFCA ACT in the future because the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or fully investigate our auditor, which has a presence in China, at such future time, Nasdaq may determine to delist our Class A ordinary shares. See “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in the People’s Republic of China — Our Class A ordinary shares may be prohibited from being traded on a national exchange under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”), if the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) is unable to inspect our auditors for two consecutive years beginning in 2021. The delisting of our Class A ordinary shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment” in this annual report.
PRC Limitations on Overseas Listing
Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors
The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies requires an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals to obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.
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We believe the CSRC’s approval is not required under the M&A Rules for the offering and trading of our Class A ordinary shares on Nasdaq in the context of follow-on offerings, given that: (i) our PRC subsidiaries were incorporated by means of direct investment rather than by merger or acquisition of equity interest or assets of a PRC domestic company owned by PRC companies or individuals as defined under the M&A Rules that are our beneficial owners; (ii) the CSRC currently has not issued any definitive rule or interpretation concerning whether offerings like ours under this annual report are subject to the M&A Rules; and (iii) no provision in the M&A Rules clearly classifies contractual arrangements as a type of transaction subject to the M&A Rules. As of the date of this annual report, no relevant laws or regulations in the PRC explicitly require us to seek approval from the CSRC or any other PRC governmental authorities for any follow-on offerings, nor has our company or any of our subsidiaries received any inquiry, notice, warning or sanctions regarding our planned offering from the CSRC or any other PRC governmental authorities. However, since these statements and regulatory actions by the PRC government are newly published and official guidance and related implementation rules have not been issued, there remain some uncertainties as to how the rules will be interpreted or implemented in the context of an overseas offering and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on the daily business operation of the PRC Operating Entities. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as we do. The PRC regulatory authorities may in the future promulgate laws, regulations or implementing rules that requires our company or our subsidiaries to obtain regulatory approval from Chinese authorities before listing in the U.S. If it is determined that CSRC approval is required for any follow-on offerings, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to seek CSRC approval for any follow-on offerings.
Regulations on the Record-filing System under the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies
On December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Administrative Provisions of the State Council Regarding the Overseas Issuance and Listing of Securities by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Administrative Provisions”) and the Measures for the Overseas Issuance of Securities and Listing Record-Filings by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Filing Measures,” collectively with the Draft Administrative Provisions, the “Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing”), both of which have a comment period that expires on January 23, 2022. The Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing lay out the filing regulation arrangement for both direct and indirect overseas listing, and clarify the determination criteria for indirect overseas listing in overseas markets. As of the date of this annual report, the Draft Rules have been replaced by the Trial Measures issued on February 17, 2023. Among other things, if a domestic enterprise intends to indirectly offer and list securities in an overseas market, the record-filing obligation is with a major operating entity incorporated in the PRC and such filing obligation shall be completed within three working days after the overseas listing application is submitted. The required filing materials for an initial public offering and listing shall include but not limited to: regulatory opinions, record-filing, approval and other documents issued by competent regulatory authorities of relevant industries (if applicable); and security assessment opinion issued by relevant regulatory authorities (if applicable).
If the CSRC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for any follow-on offerings, we may be unable to obtain such approvals and we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to seek such approvals which could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to our investors and the securities currently being offered may substantially decline in value and be worthless.
We believe that neither the holding company, nor our subsidiaries are currently required to obtain approval from Chinese authorities, including the CSRC, or the CAC, to list on U.S exchanges or issue securities to foreign investors.
If the CSRC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for any follow-on offerings, we may be unable to obtain such approvals and we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to seek such approvals which could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to our investors and the securities currently being offered may substantially decline in value and be worthless.
On February 17, 2023, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, announced the Circular on the Administrative Arrangements for Filing of Securities Offering and Listing By Domestic Companies, or the Circular, and released a set of new regulations which consists of the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, and five supporting guidelines. The Trial Measures came into effect on March 31, 2023. The Trial Measures refine the regulatory system by subjecting both direct and indirect overseas offering and listing activities to the CSRC filing-based administration. Requirements for filing entities, time points and procedures are specified. A PRC domestic company that seeks to offer and list securities in overseas markets shall fulfill the filing procedure with the CSRC per the requirements of the Trial Measures. Where a PRC domestic company seeks to indirectly offer and list securities in overseas markets, the issuer shall designate a major domestic operating entity, which shall, as the domestic responsible entity, file with the CSRC. The Trial Measures also lay out requirements for the reporting of material events. Breaches of the Trial Measures, such as offering and listing securities overseas without fulfilling the filing procedures, shall bear legal liabilities, including a fine between RMB 1.0 million (approximately $150,000) and RMB 10.0 million (approximately $1.5 million), and the Trial Measures heighten the cost for offenders by enforcing accountability with administrative penalties and incorporating the compliance status of relevant market participants into the Securities Market Integrity Archives.
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According to the Circular, since the date of effectiveness of the Trial Measures on March 31, 2023, PRC domestic enterprises falling within the scope of filing that have been listed overseas or met the following circumstances are “existing enterprises”: before the effectiveness of the Trial Measures on March 31, 2023, the application for indirect overseas issuance and listing has been approved by the overseas regulators or overseas stock exchanges (such as the registration statement has become effective on the U.S. market), it is not required to perform issuance and listing supervision procedures of the overseas regulators or overseas stock exchanges, and the overseas issuance and listing will be completed by September 30, 2023. Existing enterprises are not required to file with the CSRC immediately, and filings with the CSRC should be made as required if they involve refinancings and other filing matters. PRC domestic enterprises that have submitted valid applications for overseas issuance and listing but have not been approved by overseas regulatory authorities or overseas stock exchanges at the date of effectiveness of the Trial Measures on March 31, 2023 can reasonably arrange the timing of filing applications with the CSRC and shall complete the filing with the CSRC before the overseas issuance and listing.
On September 25, 2023, we received notification from the CSRC confirming that we have completed the record filing requirement for our initial public offering, which was completed in April 2024.
In addition, an overseas-listed company must also submit the filing with respect to its follow-on offerings, issuance of convertible corporate bonds and exchangeable bonds, and other equivalent offering activities, within the time frame specified by the Trial Measures. As a result, we will be required to file with the CSRC within three business days after the completion of any follow-on offering.
It should be noted however, that if the CSRC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for any follow-on offerings, we may be unable to obtain such approvals and we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to seek such approvals which could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to our investors and the securities currently being offered may substantially decline in value and be worthless.
For more detailed information, see “Item 3 Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — The approval of the CSRC may be required in connection with follow-on offering, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to obtain such approval. We are also required to complete and has completed recording filings with the CSRC” in this annual report.
Recent Regulatory Development in PRC
On November 7, 2016, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress issued the Cyber Security Law of the PRC, or Cyber Security Law, which became effective on June 1, 2017.
On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the NPC promulgated the PRC Data Security Law, which became effective on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law sets forth the data security protection obligations for entities and individuals handling personal data, including that no entity or individual may acquire such data by stealing or other illegal means, and the collection and use of such data should not exceed the necessary limits.
On July 10, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China, or the CAC, issued a revised draft of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review for public comments, which propose to authorize the relevant government authorities to conduct cybersecurity review on a range of activities that affect or may affect national security, including listings in foreign countries by companies that possess the personal data of more than one million users. On January 4, 2022, thirteen PRC regulatory agencies, namely, the CAC, the NDRC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of State Security, the Ministry of Finance, MOFCOM, SAMR, CSRC, the People’s Bank of China, the National Radio and Television Administration, National Administration of State Secrets Protection and the National Cryptography Administration, jointly adopted and published the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021), which became effective on February 15, 2022. The Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) required that, among others, in addition to “operator of critical information infrastructure” any “operator of network platform” holding personal information of more than one million users which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should also be subject to cybersecurity review.
In addition, on November 14, 2021, the CAC released the Regulations on Network Data Security (draft for public comments), or the draft Regulations on Network Data Security, and will accept public comments until December 13, 2021. According to the draft Regulations on Network Data Security, if a data processor that processes personal data of more than one million users intends to list overseas, it shall apply for a cybersecurity review. In addition, data processors that process important data or are listed overseas shall carry out an annual data security assessment on their own or by engaging a data security services institution, and the data security assessment report for the prior year should be submitted to the local cyberspace affairs administration department before January 31 of each year. Currently, the draft Regulations on Network Data Security has been released for public comment only, and its implementation provisions and anticipated adoption or effective date remains substantially uncertain and may be subject to change. We do not know what regulations will be adopted or how such regulations will affect us and our listing on Nasdaq. In the event that the CAC determines that we are subject to these regulations, we may be required to delist from Nasdaq and we may be subject to fines and penalties.
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We do not expect to be subject to the cybersecurity review by the CAC for any follow-on offerings, given that: (i) using our products and services does not require users to provide any personal information; (ii) we do not possess any personal information of users in our business operations; and (iii) data processed in our business does not have a bearing on national security and thus may not be classified as core or important data by the authorities. Our WeChat mini program is used only to provide insurance-related news and information, and does not have access to any personal information of the program users or the public. However, if the draft Regulations on Network Data Security is adopted into law and we become listed on Nasdaq, our PRC Operating Entities likely will be required to perform annual data security assessment either by itself or retaining a third-party data security service provider and submit such data security assessment report to the local agency every year. Neither the CAC nor any other PRC regulatory agency or administration has contacted the Company in connection with our PRC Operating Entities’ operations. The Company is currently not required to obtain regulatory approval from the CAC nor any other PRC authorities for the PRC Operating Entities’ operations. However, there remains uncertainty as to how the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) will be interpreted or implemented and whether the PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, may adopt new laws, regulations, rules, or detailed implementation and interpretation related to the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021). We cannot assure you that PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, would take the same view as we do, and there is no assurance that we can fully or timely comply with such laws. In the event that the applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change such that we are subject to any mandatory cybersecurity review and other specific actions required by the CAC, we cannot guarantee whether we can complete the registration process in a timely manner, or at all. Given such uncertainty, we may be further required to suspend our relevant business, shut down our website, or face other penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and the value of our Class A ordinary shares, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause such securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless.
For more detailed information, see “Item 3. Key Information — D. Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — “We may become subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the PRC regarding privacy, data security, cybersecurity, and data protection. We may be liable for improper use or appropriation of personal information” in this annual report.
Permission Required from the PRC Authorities
As of the date of this annual report, our PRC subsidiaries have obtained all permissions and approvals to operate their respective business, including registration of incorporation, business license, permit for opening bank account, labor and employment recordation, social insurance registration, internet content provide registration record and such other permissions and approval as required by the PRC regulatory authorities.
We believe that we will not be subject to cybersecurity review with the CAC pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures. No relevant laws or regulations in the PRC explicitly require us to seek approval from the CSRC for our overseas listing plan.
As of the date of this annual report, we and our PRC subsidiaries have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, or sanctions regarding our planned overseas listing from the China Securities Regulatory Commission or any other PRC governmental authorities. Since these statements and regulatory actions are newly published, however, official guidance and related implementation rules have not been issued. It is highly uncertain what the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on the daily business operations of our subsidiaries, our ability to accept foreign investments, and our listing on an U.S. exchange. The SCNPC or PRC regulatory authorities may in the future promulgate laws, regulations, or implementing rules that require us, our subsidiaries to obtain regulatory approval from Chinese authorities before listing in the U.S.
If we do not receive or maintain the approval, or permission, or inadvertently conclude that such approval or permission is not required, or applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change such that we are required to obtain approval or permission in the future, we may be subject to an investigation by competent regulators, fines or penalties, or an order prohibiting us from conducting an offering, and these risks could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our Shares, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause such securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — We may become subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the PRC regarding privacy, data security, cybersecurity, and data protection. We may be liable for improper use or appropriation of personal information” in this annual report.
3.A. [Reserved]
3.B. Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.
3.C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.
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3.D. Risk Factors
Risk Factor Summary
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
| ● | Our current corporate structure and business operations may be substantially affected by the Foreign Investment Law of China. |
| ● | Some of our shareholders are not in compliance with the PRC’s regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents, and as a result, the shareholders may be subject to penalties if we are not able to remediate the non-compliance. |
Risks Related to Doing Business in China
| ● | PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC-resident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries or limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits. |
| ● | Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the PRC Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations. |
| ● | The Chinese government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities. We are currently not required to obtain approval from Chinese authorities to list on U.S exchanges, however, if we were required to obtain approval in the future and were denied permission from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges, we will not be able to continue listing on U.S. exchanges and the value of our Class A ordinary shares may significantly decline or be worthless, which would materially affect the interest of the investors. |
| ● | MF is a holding company, and will rely on dividends paid by our subsidiaries for our cash needs. Any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make dividend payments to us, or any tax implications of making dividend payments to us, could limit our ability to pay our parent company’s expenses or pay dividends to holders of our Class A ordinary shares. Dividends paid by the WFOE to HK are subject to the 10% withholding tax. |
| ● | Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system, including uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws, and sudden or unexpected changes in laws and regulations in China could adversely affect us and limit the legal protections available to you and us. |
| ● | We may become subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the PRC regarding privacy, data security, cybersecurity, and data protection. We may be liable for improper use or appropriation of personal information. |
| ● | You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us, the majority of our directors or our management based on foreign laws. |
| ● | We face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC holding companies. |
| ● | The M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations may make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions. |
| ● | PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to change their registered capital or distribute profits to us or otherwise expose us or our PRC resident beneficial owners to liability and penalties under PRC laws. |
| ● | Our failure to fully comply with PRC labor-related laws may expose us to potential penalties. |
| ● | Our Class A ordinary shares may be prohibited from being traded on a national exchange under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”), if the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) is unable to inspect our auditors for two consecutive years beginning in 2021. The delisting of our Class A ordinary shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. |
| ● | Our contractual arrangements were governed by PRC law. We also have contract engagements that are currently governed by PRC laws. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law, and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures, which may not protect you as much as those of other jurisdictions, such as the United States. |
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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
| ● | Our limited operating history and evolving business model make it difficult to evaluate our business and future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter. |
| ● | Our revenues and future growth depend on the development of automotive industry in the PRC, the outlook for which is subject to numerous uncertainties, including China’s policies, laws, and regulations. |
| ● | We have a history of net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities, which may continue in the future. |
| ● | If we are unable to retain and attract customers, or if we lose our existing customer base due to our inability to gain market acceptance for our services, our business and results of operations may be materially and negatively affected. |
| ● | Regulatory actions, legal proceedings and customer complaints against us could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. |
| ● | We may face disruption to our technology systems and resulting interruptions in the availability of our services. |
| ● | We may fail to make necessary or desirable strategic alliance, acquisition or investment, and we may not be able to achieve the benefits we expect from the alliances, acquisition or investments we make. |
| ● | A small number of customers account for a large portion of our revenues. If we are unable to maintain the relationship with these major clients or engage with more clients, our business may be materially and adversely affected. | |
| ● | Potential strategic investments, acquisitions or new business initiatives may disrupt our ability to manage our business effectively. | |
| ● | We have entered into a project cooperation agreement, which is in substance a real estate purchase arrangement for a property in Hangzhou, and paid the full consideration, but have not obtained the real estate ownership certificate. |
Risks Related to Our Class A ordinary shares
| ● | The trading price of the Class A ordinary shares is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors. |
| ● | You may experience dilution of your holdings due to inability to participate in rights offerings. |
| ● | We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements. |
| ● | There can be no assurance that we will not be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. holders of the Class A ordinary shares. |
Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure
Previous contractual arrangements in relation to the VIE may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or the VIE owe additional taxes, which could negatively affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.
Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the previous contractual arrangements in relation to the VIE were not entered into on an arm’s length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust income of the previous VIE in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by the previous VIE for PRC tax purposes, which could in turn increase their tax liabilities without reducing our tax expenses. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties on the VIE for the adjusted but unpaid taxes according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if the previous VIE’s tax liabilities increase or if they are required to pay late payment fees and other penalties.
We may lose the ability to use and enjoy assets held by our PRC Operating Entities that are critical to the operation of our business if the any of the PRC Operating Entities declare bankruptcy or become subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.
The PRC Operating Entities hold certain assets that may be critical to the operation of our business, including permits, domain names and most of our intellectual property rights. If any of the PRC Operating Entities declare bankruptcy and all or part of their assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors or are otherwise disposed of without our consent, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if any of the PRC Operating Entities undergo an involuntary liquidation proceeding, third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of their assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially or adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Our current corporate structure and business operations may be substantially affected by the Foreign Investment Law of China.
On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress promulgated the Foreign Investment Law, which took effect on January 1, 2020. On December 26, 2019, the PRC State Council approved the Implementation Rules of Foreign Investment Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2020. Since the Foreign Investment Law and its implementation rules are relatively new, substantially uncertainties exist in relation to its interpretation and implementation. It has a catch-all provision under definition of “foreign investment” that includes investments made by foreign investors in China through other means as provided by laws, administrative regulations or the State Council.
The Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign-invested entities, except for those foreign-invested entities that operate in industries specified as either “restricted” or “prohibited” from foreign investment in the “negative list”, which is most recently jointly promulgated by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce and took effective on July 23, 2020. The Foreign Investment Law provides that foreign-invested entities operating in “restricted” or “prohibited” industries will require market entry clearance and other approvals from relevant PRC government authorities. If any of our business of is “restricted” from foreign investment under the “negative list” effective at the time, we may be deemed to be in violation of the Foreign Investment Law and we may be required to restructure our business operations, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business operation.
Our contractual arrangements were governed by PRC law. We also have contract engagements that are currently governed by PRC laws. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law, and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures, which may not protect you as much as those of other jurisdictions, such as the United States.
All the agreements under our contractual arrangements were governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. We also have contract engagements that are currently governed by PRC laws and are subject to arbitration. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal system in the PRC is not as developed as in some other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to pursue legal actions. On the enforcement side, China does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the Cayman Islands or the United States. Therefore, recognition and enforcement in China of judgments of a court in any of these non-PRC jurisdictions in relation to any matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may be difficult or impossible.
China has its distinctive procedure rules provided for arbitration, including the limitations in arbitration locations, the arbitrator composition, and the scale of issues permitted to be submitted for arbitration. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of arbitration should legal action become necessary. In addition, under PRC law, rulings by arbitrators are final, parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay. In the event that legal actions become necessary, we may suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of pursuing such legal actions or enforcing the result of such legal actions, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected.
Some of our shareholders are not in compliance with the PRC’s regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents, and as a result, the shareholders may be subject to penalties if we are not able to remediate the non-compliance.
In July 2014, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange promulgated the Circular on Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration over the Overseas Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment by Domestic Residents via Special Purpose Vehicles, or “Circular 37”. According to Circular 37, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for Chinese residents to contribute domestic assets or interests to offshore companies, known as SPVs. Circular 37 further requires amendment to a PRC resident’s registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to the SPV, such as an increase or decrease in the capital contributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division, or other material event. Further, foreign investment enterprises established by way of round-tripping shall complete the relevant foreign exchange registration formalities pursuant to the prevailing foreign exchange control provisions for direct investments by foreign investors, and disclose the relevant information such as actual controlling party of the shareholders truthfully.
Currently, some of our shareholders have completed Circular 37 Registration and are in compliance. Some of our beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, have not completed the Circular 37 Registration. All our significant shareholders, directors and officers have completed Circular 37 Registration. We have asked our shareholders who are Chinese residents to make the necessary applications and filings as required by Circular 37. We attempt to comply, and attempt to ensure that our shareholders who are subject to these rules comply, with the relevant requirements. We cannot, however, provide any assurances that all of our and future shareholders who are Chinese residents will comply with our request to make or obtain any applicable registration or comply with other requirements required by Circular 37 or other related rules. The Chinese resident shareholders’ failure to comply with Circular 37 registration may result in restrictions being imposed on part of foreign exchange activities of the offshore special purpose vehicles, including restrictions on its ability to receive registered capital as well as additional capital from Chinese resident shareholders who fail to complete Circular 37 registration; and repatriation of profits and dividends derived from special purpose vehicles to China, by the Chinese resident shareholders who fail to complete Circular 37 registration, are also illegal. In addition, the failure of the Chinese resident shareholders to complete Circular 37 registration may subject each of the shareholders to fines less than RMB50,000. We cannot assure you that each of our Chinese resident shareholders will in the future complete the registration process as required by Circular 37.
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Risks Related to Doing Business in China
PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC-resident beneficial owners or our PRC subsidiaries to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our PRC subsidiaries or limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to increase their registered capital or distribute profits.
As an offshore holding company of our PRC subsidiary, MF may make loans or make additional capital contributions to our subsidiaries, subject to satisfaction of applicable governmental registration and approval requirements.
Any loans we extend to our PRC subsidiary, which are treated as foreign-invested enterprises under PRC law, cannot exceed the statutory limit and must be registered with the local counterpart of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”).
In July 2014, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, which replaces the previous SAFE Circular 75. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents, including PRC individuals and PRC corporate entities, to register with SAFE or its local branches in connection with their direct or indirect offshore investment activities. SAFE Circular 37 is applicable to our shareholders who are PRC residents and may be applicable to any offshore acquisitions that we may make in the future.
Under SAFE Circular 37, PRC residents who make, or have prior to the implementation of SAFE Circular 37 made, direct or indirect investments in offshore special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, are required to register such investments with SAFE or its local branches. In addition, any PRC resident who is a direct or indirect shareholder of an SPV, is required to update its registration with the local branch of SAFE with respect to that SPV, to reflect any material change. Moreover, any subsidiary of such SPV in China is required to urge the PRC resident shareholders to update their registration with the local branch of SAFE to reflect any material change. If any PRC resident shareholder of such SPV fails to make the required registration or to update the registration, the subsidiary of such SPV in China may be prohibited from distributing its profits or the proceeds from any capital reduction, share transfer or liquidation to the SPV, and the SPV may also be prohibited from making additional capital contributions into its subsidiaries in China. In February, 2015, SAFE promulgated a Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Foreign Exchange Administration Policy on Direct Investment, or SAFE Notice 13. Under SAFE Notice 13, applications for foreign exchange registration of inbound foreign direct investments and outbound direct investments, including those required under SAFE Circular 37, must be filed with qualified banks instead of SAFE. Qualified banks should examine the applications and accept registrations under the supervision of SAFE. We have used our best efforts to notify PRC residents or entities who directly or indirectly hold shares in our Cayman Islands holding company and who are known to us as being PRC residents to complete the foreign exchange registrations. However, we may not be informed of the identities of all the PRC residents or entities holding direct or indirect interest in our company, nor can we compel our beneficial owners to comply with SAFE registration requirements. We cannot assure you that all other shareholders or beneficial owners of ours who are PRC residents or entities have complied with, and will in the future make, obtain or update any applicable registrations or approvals required by, SAFE regulations. Failure by such shareholders or beneficial owners to comply with SAFE regulations, or failure by us to amend the foreign exchange registrations of our PRC subsidiaries, could subject us to fines or legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, and limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make distributions or pay dividends to us or affect our ownership structure, which could adversely affect our business and prospects.
Furthermore, as these foreign exchange and outbound investment related regulations are relatively new and their interpretation and implementation has been constantly evolving, it is unclear how these regulations, and any future regulation concerning offshore or cross-border investments and transactions, will be interpreted, amended and implemented by the relevant government authorities. For example, we may be subject to a more stringent review and approval process with respect to our foreign exchange activities, such as remittance of dividends and foreign-currency-denominated borrowings, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. We cannot assure you that we have complied or will be able to comply with all applicable foreign exchange and outbound investment related regulations. In addition, if we decide to acquire a PRC domestic company, we cannot assure you that we or the owners of such company, as the case may be, will be able to obtain the necessary approvals or complete the necessary filings and registrations required by the foreign exchange regulations. This may restrict our ability to implement our acquisition strategy and could adversely affect our business and prospects.
In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to, and direct investment in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, if at all, with respect to future loans to the PRC Operating Entities or future capital contributions by us to our PRC subsidiary. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds we expect to receive from any follow-on offerings and to fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
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Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the PRC Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.
On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress approved the PRC Foreign Investment Law, which took effect on January 1, 2020 and replaced three existing laws on foreign investments in China, namely, the PRC Equity Joint Venture Law, the PRC Cooperative Joint Venture Law and the Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. The PRC Foreign Investment Law embodies an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic invested enterprises in China. The PRC Foreign Investment Law establishes the basic framework for the access to, and the promotion, protection and administration of foreign investments in view of investment protection and fair competition.
According to the PRC Foreign Investment Law, “foreign investment” refers to investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by one or more natural persons, business entities, or otherwise organizations of a foreign country (collectively referred to as “foreign investor”) within China, and the investment activities include the following situations: (i) a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, establishes a foreign-invested enterprise within China; (ii) a foreign investor acquires stock shares, equity shares, shares in assets, or other like rights and interests of an enterprise within China; (iii) a foreign investor, individually or collectively with other investors, invests in a new project within China; and (iv) investments in other means as provided by laws, administrative regulations, or the State Council.
According to the PRC Foreign Investment Law, the State Council will publish or approve to publish the “negative list” for special administrative measures concerning foreign investment. The PRC Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign-invested entities, or FIEs, except for those FIEs that operate in industries deemed to be either “restricted” or “prohibited” in the “negative list”. Because the “negative list” has yet to be published, it is unclear whether it will differ from the current Special Administrative Measures for Market Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List). The PRC Foreign Investment Law provides that FIEs operating in foreign restricted or prohibited industries will require market entry clearance and other approvals from relevant PRC governmental authorities. If a foreign investor is found to invest in any prohibited industry in the “negative list”, such foreign investor may be required to, among other aspects, cease its investment activities, dispose of its equity interests or assets within a prescribed time limit and have its income confiscated. If the investment activity of a foreign investor is in breach of any special administrative measure for restrictive access provided for in the “negative list”, the relevant competent department shall order the foreign investor to make corrections and take necessary measures to meet the requirements of the special administrative measure for restrictive access.
The PRC government will establish a foreign investment information reporting system, according to which foreign investors or foreign-invested enterprises shall submit investment information to the competent department for commerce concerned through the enterprise registration system and the enterprise credit information publicity system, and a security review system under which the security review shall be conducted for foreign investment affecting or likely affecting the state security.
Furthermore, the PRC Foreign Investment Law provides that foreign invested enterprises established according to the existing laws regulating foreign investment may maintain their structure and corporate governance within five years after the implementing of the PRC Foreign Investment Law.
In addition, the PRC Foreign Investment Law also provides several protective rules and principles for foreign investors and their investments in the PRC, including, among others, that a foreign investor may freely transfer into or out of China, in Renminbi or a foreign currency, its contributions, profits, capital gains, income from disposition of assets, royalties of intellectual property rights, indemnity or compensation lawfully acquired, and income from liquidation, among others, within China; local governments shall abide by their commitments to the foreign investors; governments at all levels and their departments shall enact local normative documents concerning foreign investment in compliance with laws and regulations and shall not impair legitimate rights and interests, impose additional obligations onto FIEs, set market access restrictions and exit conditions, or intervene with the normal production and operation activities of FIEs; except for special circumstances, in which case statutory procedures shall be followed and fair and reasonable compensation shall be made in a timely manner, expropriation or requisition of the investment of foreign investors is prohibited; and mandatory technology transfer is prohibited.
Notwithstanding the above, the PRC Foreign Investment Law stipulates that foreign investment includes “foreign investors invest through any other methods under laws, administrative regulations or provisions prescribed by the State Council”. Therefore, there are possibilities that future laws, administrative regulations or provisions prescribed by the State Council may regard contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, and then whether our previous contractual arrangement would be recognized as foreign investment, whether our contractual arrangement would be deemed to be in violation of the foreign investment access requirements and how the above-mentioned contractual arrangement would be handled are uncertain.
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The Chinese government exerts substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities. We are currently not required to obtain approval from Chinese authorities to list on U.S exchanges, however, if we were required to obtain approval in the future and were denied permission from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges, we will not be able to continue listing on U.S. exchange and the value of our Class A ordinary shares may significantly decline or be worthless, which would materially affect the interest of the investors.
The Chinese government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and state ownership. Our ability to operate in China may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, environmental regulations, land use rights, property and other matters. The central or local governments of these jurisdictions may impose new, stricter regulations or interpretations of existing regulations that would require additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations or interpretations. Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally planned economy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particular regions thereof, and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties.
For example, the Chinese cybersecurity regulator announced on July 2, 2021 that it had begun an investigation of Didi Global Inc. (NYSE: DIDI) and two days later ordered that the company’s app be removed from smartphone app stores.
As such, the Company’s business segments may be subject to various government and regulatory interference in the provinces in which they operate. The Company could be subject to regulation by various political and regulatory entities, including various local and municipal agencies and government sub-divisions. The Company may incur increased costs necessary to comply with existing and newly adopted laws and regulations or penalties for any failure to comply. The Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time with little advance notice, which could result in a material change in our operations and in the value of our Class A ordinary shares. Any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
Furthermore, it is uncertain when and whether the Company will be required to obtain permission from the PRC government to list on U.S. exchanges in the future, and even when such permission is obtained, whether it will be denied or rescinded. Although the Company is currently not required to obtain permission from any of the PRC federal or local government to obtain such permission and has not received any denial to list on the U.S. exchange, our operations could be adversely affected, directly or indirectly, by existing or future laws and regulations relating to its business or industry. As a result, our Class A ordinary shares may decline in value dramatically or even become worthless should we become subject to new requirement to obtain permission from the PRC government to list on U.S. exchange in the future.
Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Opinions on Severe and Lawful Crackdown on Illegal Securities Activities, which was available to the public on July 6, 2021. These opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies. These opinions proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems, to deal with the risks and incidents facing China-based overseas-listed companies and the demand for cybersecurity and data privacy protection. Moreover, On January 4, 2022, thirteen PRC regulatory agencies, namely, the CAC, the NDRC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of State Security, the Ministry of Finance, MOFCOM, SAMR, CSRC, the People’s Bank of China, the National Radio and Television Administration, National Administration of State Secrets Protection and the National Cryptography Administration, jointly adopted and published the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021), which will become effective on February 15, 2022. The Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) required that, among others, in addition to “operator of critical information infrastructure” any “operator of network platform” holding personal information of more than one million users which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should also be subject to cybersecurity review. The aforementioned policies and any related implementation rules to be enacted may subject us to additional compliance requirement in the future. As these opinions were recently issued, official guidance and interpretation of the opinions remain unclear in several respects at this time. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will remain fully compliant with all new regulatory requirements of these opinions or any future implementation rules on a timely basis, or at all. See “— We may become subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the PRC regarding privacy, data security, cybersecurity, and data protection. We may be liable for improper use or appropriation of personal information” and “The approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with any follow-on offerings, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to obtain such approval.”
MF is a holding company, and will rely on dividends paid by our subsidiaries for our cash needs. Any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make dividend payments to us, or any tax implications of making dividend payments to us, could limit our ability to pay our parent company expenses or pay dividends to holders of our Class A ordinary shares.
MF is a holding company and conduct substantially all of our business through our PRC Operating Entities. We may rely on dividends to be paid by our PRC Operating Entities to fund our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, to service any debt we may incur and to pay our operating expenses. If our PRC subsidiary incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.
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Under PRC laws and regulations, the WFOEs and our PRC Operating Entities may pay dividends only out of its accumulated profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, the WFOEs are required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a certain statutory reserve fund, until the aggregate amount of such fund reaches 50% of its registered capital.
Our PRC Operating Entities generates primarily all of their revenue in Renminbi, which is not freely convertible into other currencies. As a result, any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of our PRC subsidiary to use its Renminbi revenues to pay dividends to us. The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls, and more restrictions and substantial vetting process may be put forward by SAFE for cross-border transactions falling under both the current account and the capital account. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiary to pay dividends or make other kinds of payments to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.
In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law, or EIT, and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax rate of up to 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are incorporated. Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiary to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.
Because our business is conducted in RMB and the price of our Class A ordinary shares is quoted in United States dollars, changes in currency conversion rates may affect the value of your investments. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenue and financial condition. Changes in the conversion rate between the United States dollar and the RMB will affect that amount of proceeds we will have available for our business.
Our business is conducted in the PRC, our books and records are maintained in RMB, which is the currently of the PRC, and the financial statements that we file with the SEC and provide to our shareholders are presented in United States dollars. Changes in the exchange rate between the RMB and dollar affect the value of our assets and the results of our operations in United States dollars. The value of the RMB against the United States dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in the PRC’s political and economic conditions and perceived changes in the economy of the PRC and the United States. Any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenue and financial condition. Changes in the conversion rate between the United States dollar and the RMB will affect that amount of proceeds we will have available for our business.
The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions in China and by China’s foreign exchange policies. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar, and the Renminbi appreciated more than 20% against the U.S. dollar over the following three years. Between July 2008 and June 2010, this appreciation halted and the exchange rate between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar remained within a narrow band. Since June 2010, the Renminbi has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly and unpredictably. On November 30, 2015, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed the regular five-year review of the basket of currencies that make up the Special Drawing Right, or the SDR, and decided that with effect from October 1, 2016, Renminbi is determined to be a freely usable currency and will be included in the SDR basket as a fifth currency, along with the U.S. dollar, the Euro, the Japanese yen and the British pound. In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Renminbi depreciated significantly in the backdrop of a surging U.S. dollar and persistent capital outflows of China.
This depreciation halted in 2017, and the RMB appreciated approximately 7% against the U.S. dollar during this one-year period. The Renminbi in 2018 depreciated approximately by 5% against the U.S. dollar. Starting from the beginning of 2019, the Renminbi has depreciated significantly against the U.S. dollar again. In early August 2019, the PBOC set the Renminbi’s daily reference rate at RMB7.0039 to $1.00, the first time that the exchange rate of Renminbi to U.S. dollar exceeded 7.0 since 2008. With the development of the foreign exchange market and progress towards interest rate liberalization and Renminbi internationalization, the PRC government may in the future announce further changes to the exchange rate system, and we cannot assure you that the Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar in the future.
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There remains significant international pressure on the Chinese government to adopt a flexible currency policy to allow the Renminbi to appreciate against the U.S. dollar. Significant revaluation of the Renminbi may have a material and adverse effect on your investment. Substantially all of our revenues and costs are denominated in Renminbi. Any significant revaluation of Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, our Class A ordinary shares in U.S. dollars.
To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from any follow-on offerings into Renminbi for capital expenditures and working capital and other business purposes, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, a significant depreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar may significantly reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of our earnings, which in turn could adversely affect the price of our Class A ordinary shares, and if we decide to convert Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making dividend payments on our Class A ordinary shares, strategic acquisitions or investments or other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount available to us.
Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.
Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system, including uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws, and sudden or unexpected changes in laws and regulations in China could adversely affect us and limit the legal protections available to you and us.
The PRC Operating Entities were formed under and are governed by the laws of the PRC. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference, but have limited precedential value. In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws and regulations governing economic matters in general, such as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commerce, taxation and trade. As a significant part of our business is conducted in China, our operations are principally governed by PRC laws and regulations. However, since the PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties, which may limit legal protections available to us. Uncertainties due to evolving laws and regulations could also impede the ability of a China-based company, such as our company, to obtain or maintain permits or licenses required to conduct business in China. In the absence of required permits or licenses, governmental authorities could impose material sanctions or penalties on us. In addition, some regulatory requirements issued by certain PRC government authorities may not be consistently applied by other PRC government authorities (including local government authorities), thus making strict compliance with all regulatory requirements impractical, or in some circumstances impossible. For example, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce the legal protection that we enjoy either by law or contract. However, since PRC administrative and court authorities have discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to predict the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all and may have retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. Such uncertainties, including uncertainty over the scope and effect of our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and procedural rights, could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.
Furthermore, if China adopts more stringent standards with respect to environmental protection or corporate social responsibilities, we may incur increased compliance costs or become subject to additional restrictions in our operations. Intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in China may also not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. In addition, we cannot predict the effects of future developments in the PRC legal system on our business operations, including the promulgation of new laws, or changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us and our investors, including you. Moreover, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources and management attention.
The PRC government has significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business and may intervene or influence our operations as the government deems appropriate to further regulatory, political and societal goals. The PRC government has recently published new policies that significantly affected certain industries such as the education and internet industries, and we cannot rule out the possibility that it will in the future release regulations or policies regarding our industry that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the PRC government has recently indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over securities offerings and other capital markets activities that are conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based companies like us. Any such action, once taken by the PRC government, could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or in extreme cases, become worthless.
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We may become subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the PRC regarding privacy, data security, cybersecurity, and data protection. We may be liable for improper use or appropriation of personal information.
We may become subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the PRC regarding privacy, data security, cybersecurity, and data protection. These laws and regulations are continuously evolving and developing. The scope and interpretation of the laws that are or may be applicable to us are often uncertain and may be conflicting, particularly with respect to foreign laws. In particular, there are numerous laws and regulations regarding privacy and the collection, sharing, use, processing, disclosure, and protection of personal information and other user data. Such laws and regulations often vary in scope, may be subject to differing interpretations, and may be inconsistent among different jurisdictions.
We expect to obtain information about various aspects of our operations as well as regarding our employees and third parties. We also maintain information about various aspects of our operations as well as regarding our employees. The integrity and protection of our customer, employee and company data is critical to our business. We do not collect personal information from our customers. Our employees expect that we will adequately protect their personal information. We are required by applicable laws to keep strictly confidential the personal information that we collect, and to take adequate security measures to safeguard such information.
The PRC Criminal Law, as amended by its Amendment 7 (effective on February 28, 2009) and Amendment 9 (effective on November 1, 2015), prohibits institutions, companies and their employees from selling or otherwise illegally disclosing a citizen’s personal information obtained during the course of performing duties or providing services or obtaining such information through theft or other illegal ways. On November 7, 2016, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress issued the Cyber Security Law of the PRC, or Cyber Security Law, which became effective on June 1, 2017.
Pursuant to the Cyber Security Law, network operators must not, without users’ consent, collect their personal information, and may only collect users’ personal information necessary to provide their services. Providers are also obliged to provide security maintenance for their products and services and shall comply with provisions regarding the protection of personal information as stipulated under the relevant laws and regulations.
The Civil Code of the PRC (issued by the PRC National People’s Congress on May 28, 2020 and effective from January 1, 2021) provides main legal basis for privacy and personal information infringement claims under the Chinese civil laws. PRC regulators, including the Cyberspace Administration of China, MIIT, and the Ministry of Public Security have been increasingly focused on regulation in the areas of data security and data protection.
The PRC regulatory requirements regarding cybersecurity are constantly evolving. For instance, various regulatory bodies in China, including the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Public Security and the SAMR, have enforced data privacy and protection laws and regulations with varying and evolving standards and interpretations. In April 2020, the Chinese government promulgated Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect on June 1, 2020. According to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators of critical information infrastructure must pass a cybersecurity review when purchasing network products and services which do or may affect national security.
In November 2016, the Standing Committee of China’s National People’s Congress passed China’s first Cybersecurity Law (“CSL”), which became effective in June 2017. The CSL is the first PRC law that systematically lays out the regulatory requirements on cybersecurity and data protection, subjecting many previously under-regulated or unregulated activities in cyberspace to government scrutiny. The legal consequences of violation of the CSL include penalties of warning, confiscation of illegal income, suspension of related business, winding up for rectification, shutting down the websites, and revocation of business license or relevant permits. In April 2020, the Cyberspace Administration of China and certain other PRC regulatory authorities promulgated the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective in June 2020. Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators of critical information infrastructure must pass a cybersecurity review when purchasing network products and services which do or may affect national security.
On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the NPC promulgated the PRC Data Security Law, which took effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law sets forth the data security protection obligations for entities and individuals handling personal data, including that no entity or individual may acquire such data by stealing or other illegal means, and the collection and use of such data should not exceed the necessary limits The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, CSL and any other cybersecurity and related laws may limit the use and adoption of our products and services and could have an adverse impact on our business.
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On July 10, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”) issued a revised draft of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review for public comments. Further, on January 4, 2022, thirteen PRC regulatory agencies, namely, the CAC, the NDRC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of State Security, the Ministry of Finance, MOFCOM, SAMR, CSRC, the People’s Bank of China, the National Radio and Television Administration, National Administration of State Secrets Protection and the National Cryptography Administration, jointly adopted and published the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021), which will become effective on February 15, 2022. The Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) authorized the relevant government authorities to conduct cybersecurity review on a range of activities that affect or may affect national security, and required that, among others, in addition to “operator of critical information infrastructure” any “operator of network platform” holding personal information of more than one million users which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should also be subject to cybersecurity review. The Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) further elaborated the factors to be considered when assessing the national security risks of the relevant activities, including, among others, (i) the risk of core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being stolen, leaked, destroyed, and illegally used or exited the country; (ii) the risk of critical information infrastructure, core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being affected, controlled, or maliciously used by foreign governments if going public; and (iii) the risks of network information security. The cybersecurity review will also look into the potential national security risks from overseas IPOs.
On November 14, 2021, the CAC published the Regulations on Network Data Security (draft for public comments), or the draft Regulations on Network Data Security, which reiterates that data processors that process the personal information of more than one million users intends to list overseas should apply for a cybersecurity review. In addition, data processors that process important data or are listed overseas shall carry out an annual data security assessment on their own or by engaging a data security services institution, and the data security assessment report for the prior year should be submitted to the local cyberspace affairs administration department before January 31 of each year. Currently, the draft Regulations on Network Data Security has been released for public comment only, and its implementation provisions and anticipated adoption or effective date remains substantially uncertain and may be subject to change. We do not know what regulations will be adopted or how such regulations will affect us and our listing on Nasdaq. In the event that the CAC determines that we are subject to these regulations, we may be required to delist from Nasdaq and we may be subject to fines and penalties.
We do not expect to be subject to the cybersecurity review by the CAC for any follow-on offerings, given that: (i) using our products and services does not require users to provide any personal information; (ii) we do not possess any personal information from users in our business operations; and (iii) data processed in our business does not have a bearing on national security and thus may not be classified as core or important data by the authorities. Our WeChat mini program is used only to provide insurance-related news and information, and does not have access to any personal information of the program users or the public. However, if the draft Regulations on Network Data Security is adopted into law and we become listed on Nasdaq, our PRC Operating Entities likely will be required to perform annual data security assessment either by itself or retaining a third-party data security service provider and submit such data security assessment report to the local agency every year. Neither the CAC nor any other PRC regulatory agency or administration has contacted the Company in connection with the PRC Operating Entities. Neither the Company nor the PRC Operating Entities are currently required to obtain regulatory approval from the CAC nor any other PRC authorities. However, there remains uncertainty as to how the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) will be interpreted or implemented and whether the PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, may adopt new laws, regulations, rules, or detailed implementation and interpretation related to the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021). We cannot assure you that PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, would take the same view as we do, and there is no assurance that we can fully or timely comply with such laws. Our PRC subsidiaries currently have obtained all permissions and approvals required for our operations in compliance with the relevant PRC laws and regulations in the PRC, including the business license. In the event that the applicable laws, regulations or interpretations change such that we are subject to any mandatory cybersecurity review and other specific actions required by the CAC, we cannot guarantee whether we can complete the registration process in a timely manner, or at all. If we inadvertently conclude that such approval is not required, fail to obtain and maintain such approvals, licenses or permits required for our business or respond to changes in the regulatory environment, we could be subject to liabilities, penalties and operational disruption, which may materially and adversely affect our business, operating results, financial condition and the value of our Class A ordinary shares, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause such securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless.
We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in PRC regulation of internet-related businesses and companies.
The PRC government extensively regulates the internet industry, including foreign ownership of, and the licensing and permit requirements pertaining to, companies operating in the internet industry. These internet-related laws and regulations are relatively new and evolving, and their interpretation and enforcement involve significant uncertainties. As a result, in certain circumstances it may be difficult to determine what actions or omissions may be deemed to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations.
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The evolving PRC regulatory system for the internet industry may lead to the establishment of new regulatory agencies. For example, in March 2018, the State Council announced the establishment of a new department, the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission (with the involvement of the State Council Information Office, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, or the MIIT, and the Ministry of Public Security). The primary role of this new agency is to facilitate the policy-making and legislative development in this field, to direct and coordinate with the relevant departments in connection with online content administration and to deal with cross-ministry regulatory matters in relation to the internet industry, and the National Computer Network and Information Security Management Center was adjusted to be managed by the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission Office instead of the MIIT.
The interpretation and application of existing PRC laws, regulations and policies and possible new laws, regulations or policies relating to the internet industry have created substantial uncertainties regarding the legality of existing and future foreign investments in, and the businesses and activities of, internet businesses in China, including our business. We cannot assure you that we have obtained all the permits or licenses required for conducting our business in China or will be able to maintain our existing licenses or obtain new ones. If the PRC government considers that we were operating without the proper approvals, licenses or permits or promulgates new laws and regulations that require additional approvals or licenses or imposes additional restrictions on the operation of any part of our business, it has the power, among other things, to levy fines, confiscate our income, revoke our business licenses and require us to discontinue our relevant business or impose restrictions on the affected portion of our business. Any of these actions by the PRC government may have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.
You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us, the majority of our directors or our management based on foreign laws.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, however, we conduct substantially all of our operations in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, all our senior executive officers and the majority of our directors reside within China for a significant portion of the time and all of them are PRC nationals. As a result, it may be difficult for our shareholders to effect service of process upon us or our management residing in China. In addition, China does not have treaties providing for reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the Cayman Islands and some other countries and regions. Therefore, recognition and enforcement in China of judgments of a court in any of these non-PRC jurisdictions in relation to any matter not subject to a binding arbitration provision may be difficult or impossible.
It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigation or collect evidence within China.
Shareholder claims or regulatory investigation that are common in the United States generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For example, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to providing information needed for regulatory investigations or litigation initiated outside China. Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States may not be efficient in the absence of mutual and practical cooperation mechanism.
Furthermore, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law, or Article 177, which became effective in March 2020, the securities regulatory authority of the State Council may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with securities regulatory authorities of another country or region for the implementation of cross-border supervision and administration. Article 177 further provides that overseas securities regulatory authorities shall not engage in activities pertaining to investigations or evidence collection directly conducted within the territories of the PRC, and that no Chinese entities or individuals shall provide documents and information in connection with securities business activities to any organizations and/or persons aboard without the prior consent of the securities regulatory authority of the State Council and the competent departments of the State Council. As of the date of this annual report, we are not aware of any implementing rules or regulations which have been published regarding application of Article 177. Article 177 is only applicable where the activities of overseas authorities constitute a direct investigation or evidence collection by such authorities within the territory of the PRC. Our principal business operation is conducted in the PRC. In the event that the U.S. securities regulatory agencies carry out an investigation on us, such as an enforcement action by the Department of Justice, the SEC or other authorities, such agencies’ activities will constitute an investigation or evidence collection directly within the territory of the PRC and, accordingly, will fall within the scope of Article 177. In that case, the U.S. securities regulatory agencies may have to consider establishing cross-border cooperation with the securities regulatory authority of the PRC by way of judicial assistance, diplomatic channels or establishing a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authority of the PRC. However, there is no assurance that the U.S. securities regulatory agencies will succeed in establishing such cross-border cooperation in this particular case and/or establish such cooperation in a timely manner.
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Furthermore, as Article 177 is a recently promulgated provision and, as the date of this annual report, there have not been implementing rules or regulations regarding the application of Article 177, it remains unclear as to how it will be interpreted, implemented or applied by the CSRC or other relevant government authorities. As such, there are uncertainties as to the procedures and requisite timing for the U.S. securities regulatory agencies to conduct investigations and collect evidence within the territory of the PRC. If the U.S. securities regulatory agencies are unable to conduct such investigations, there exists a risk that they may determine to suspend or de-register our registration with the SEC and may also delist our securities from Nasdaq or other applicable trading market within the US. See also “— Risks Related to Our Class A ordinary shares— You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law” for risks associated with investing in us as a Cayman Islands company.
If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders and ordinary shareholders.
Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “de facto management body” within China is considered a “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax on its global income at the rate of 25%. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control and overall management over the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In 2009, the State Administration of Taxation, or SAT, issued the Circular of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Relating to Identification of PRC-Controlled Overseas Registered Enterprises as Resident Enterprises in Accordance with the De Facto Standards of Organizational Management, or SAT Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect SAT’s general position on how the “de facto management body” text should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to SAT Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in China; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in China; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions, are located or maintained in China; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in China.
We believe none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” If the PRC tax authorities determine that MF is a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, we could be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 25% on our worldwide income, which could materially reduce our net income, and we may be required to withhold a 10% withholding tax from dividends we pay to our shareholders that are non-resident enterprises, including the holders of our Class A ordinary shares. In addition, non-resident enterprise shareholders (including our ordinary shareholders) may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 10% on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of Class A ordinary shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within China. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends payable to our non-PRC individual shareholders (including our ordinary shareholders) and any gain realized on the transfer of Class A ordinary shares by such shareholders may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 20% (and such PRC tax may be withheld at source in the case of dividends). Any PRC income tax liability may be reduced under applicable tax treaties. However, it is unclear whether in practice non-PRC shareholders of MF would be able to obtain the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in the Class A ordinary shares.
We face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC holding companies.
We face uncertainties regarding the reporting on and consequences of previous private equity financing transactions involving the transfer and exchange of shares in our company by non-resident investors. In February 2015, the SAT issued the Bulletin on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by Non PRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7. Pursuant to Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of PRC assets, including a transfer of equity interests in an unlisted non-PRC holding company of a PRC resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident enterprises may be re-characterized and treated as a direct transfer of the underlying PRC assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. Bulletin 7 also introduced safe harbors for internal group restructurings and the purchase and sale of equity securities through a public securities market. On October 17, 2017, the SAT issued the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source, or Bulletin 37, which came into effect on December 1, 2017. The Bulletin 37 further clarifies the practice and procedure of the withholding of nonresident enterprise income tax.
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We face uncertainties on the reporting and consequences of future private equity financing transactions, share exchanges or other transactions involving the transfer of shares in our company by investors that are non-PRC resident enterprises. The PRC tax authorities may pursue such non-resident enterprises with respect to a filing or the transferees with respect to withholding obligation, and request our PRC subsidiaries to assist in the filing. As a result, we and non-resident enterprises in such transactions may become at risk of being subject to filing obligations or being taxed under Bulletin 7 and Bulletin 37, and may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with them or to establish that we and our non-resident enterprises should not be taxed under these regulations, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
If our preferential tax treatments and government subsidies are revoked or become unavailable or if the calculation of our tax liability is successfully challenged by the PRC tax authorities, we may be required to pay tax, interest and penalties in excess of our tax provisions.
The Chinese government has provided tax incentives to our PRC subsidiaries in China, including reduced enterprise income tax rates. For example, under the Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, the statutory enterprise income tax rate is 25%. However, the income tax of an enterprise that has been determined to be a high and new technology enterprise can be reduced to a preferential rate of 15%. Any increase in the enterprise income tax rate applicable to our PRC subsidiaries in China, or any discontinuation, retroactive or future reduction or refund of any of the preferential tax treatments and local government subsidies currently enjoyed by our PRC subsidiaries in China, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Further, in the ordinary course of our business, we are subject to complex income tax and other tax regulations, and significant judgment is required in the determination of a provision for income taxes. Although we believe our tax provisions are reasonable, if the PRC tax authorities successfully challenge our position and we are required to pay tax, interest and penalties in excess of our tax provisions, our financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.
The M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations may make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions.
The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, and some other regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions established complex procedures and requirements for some acquisitions of Chinese companies by foreign investors, including requirements in some instances that the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC (“MOFCOM”), be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law promulgated by the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress, which became effective in 2008 requires that transactions which are deemed concentrations and involve parties with specified turnover thresholds must be cleared by MOFCOM before they can be completed. On February 7, 2021, the Anti-Monopoly Committee of the State Council published the Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for the Internet Platform Economy Sector, which stipulates that any concentration of undertakings involving variable interest entities shall fall within the scope of anti-monopoly review. If a concentration of undertakings meets the thresholds for clearance under the applicable laws, an internet platform operator shall report such concentration of undertakings to the anti-monopoly law enforcement agency under the State Council in advance. Therefore, our acquisitions of other entities that we make in the future (whether by ourselves or our subsidiaries) and that meets the thresholds for clearance, may be required to be report to and approved by the anti-monopoly law enforcement agency in the PRC, and we may be subject to penalty including but not limited to a fine of no more than RMB500,000 if we fail to comply with such requirement. In addition, the security review rules issued by MOFCOM that became effective in September 2011 specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by MOFCOM, and the rules prohibit any activities attempting to bypass a security review, including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement. On December 19, 2020, the Measures for the Security Review for Foreign Investment was jointly issued by National Development and Reform Commission (“NDRC”) and MOFCOM and took effect from January 18, 2021. The Measures for the Security Review for Foreign Investment specified provisions concerning the security review mechanism on foreign investment, including the types of investments subject to review, review scopes and procedures, among others.
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In the future, we may pursue potential strategic acquisitions that are complementary to our business and operations. Complying with the requirements of the above-mentioned regulations and other relevant rules to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes, including obtaining approval or clearance from MOFCOM or its local counterparts or other relevant governmental authorities, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.
The approval of the CSRC may be required in connection with follow on offerings, and, if required, we cannot predict whether we will be able to obtain such approval.
The M&A Rules requires an overseas special purpose vehicles that are controlled by PRC companies or individuals formed for the purpose of seeking a public listing on an overseas stock exchange through acquisitions of PRC domestic interests using shares of such special purpose vehicles or held by its shareholders as considerations to obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. However, the application of the M&A Rules remains unclear. If CSRC approval is required, it is uncertain whether it would be possible for us to obtain the approval.
On December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Administrative Provisions of the State Council Regarding the Overseas Issuance and Listing of Securities by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Administrative Provisions”) and the Measures for the Overseas Issuance of Securities and Listing Record-Filings by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Filing Measures”, collectively with the Draft Administrative Provisions, the “Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing”), both of which have a comment period that expired on January 23, 2022. The Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing lay out the filing regulation arrangement for both direct and indirect overseas listing, and clarify the determination criteria for indirect overseas listing in overseas markets.
The Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing stipulate that the Chinese-based companies, or the issuer, shall fulfill the filing procedures within three working days after the issuer makes an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market. The required filing materials for an initial public offering and listing shall include but not limited to: record-filing report and related undertakings; regulatory opinions, record-filing, approval and other documents issued by competent regulatory authorities of relevant industries (if applicable); and security assessment opinion issued by relevant regulatory authorities (if applicable); PRC legal opinion; and prospectus. In addition, an issuer who issues overseas listed securities after overseas listing shall, within three working days after the completion of the issuance, submit required filing materials to the CSRC, including but not limited to: filing report and relevant commitment; and domestic legal opinion. Furthermore, an overseas offering and listing is prohibited under any of the following circumstances: (1) if the intended securities offering and listing is specifically prohibited by national laws and regulations and relevant provisions; (2) if the intended securities offering and listing may constitute a threat to or endangers national security as reviewed and determined by competent authorities under the State Council in accordance with law; (3) if there are material ownership disputes over the equity, major assets, and core technology, etc. of the issuer; (4) if, in the past three years, the domestic enterprise or its controlling shareholders or actual controllers have committed corruption, bribery, embezzlement, misappropriation of property, or other criminal offenses disruptive to the order of the socialist market economy, or are currently under judicial investigation for suspicion of criminal offenses, or are under investigation for suspicion of major violations; (5) if, in past three years, directors, supervisors, or senior executives have been subject to administrative punishments for severe violations, or are currently under judicial investigation for suspicion of criminal offenses, or are under investigation for suspicion of major violations; (6) other circumstances as prescribed by the State Council. The Administration Provisions defines the legal liabilities of breaches such as failure in fulfilling filing obligations or fraudulent filing conducts, imposing a fine between RMB 1 million and RMB 10 million, and in cases of severe violations, a parallel order to suspend relevant business or halt operation for rectification, revoke relevant business permits or operational license.
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On February 17, 2023, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, announced the Circular on the Administrative Arrangements for Filing of Securities Offering and Listing By Domestic Companies, or the Circular, and released a set of new regulations which consists of the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, and five supporting guidelines. The Trial Measures came into effect on March 31, 2023, and replaced the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing. The Trial Measures refine the regulatory system by subjecting both direct and indirect overseas offering and listing activities to the CSRC filing-based administration. Requirements for filing entities, time points and procedures are specified. A PRC domestic company that seeks to offer and list securities in overseas markets shall fulfill the filing procedure with the CSRC per the requirements of the Trial Measures. Where a PRC domestic company seeks to indirectly offer and list securities in overseas markets, the issuer shall designate a major domestic operating entity, which shall, as the domestic responsible entity, file with the CSRC. The Trial Measures also lay out requirements for the reporting of material events. Breaches of the Trial Measures, such as offering and listing securities overseas without fulfilling the filing procedures, shall bear legal liabilities, including a fine between RMB 1.0 million (approximately $150,000) and RMB 10.0 million (approximately $1.5 million), and the Trial Measures heighten the cost for offenders by enforcing accountability with administrative penalties and incorporating the compliance status of relevant market participants into the Securities Market Integrity Archives.
According to the Circular, since the date of effectiveness of the Trial Measures on March 31, 2023, PRC domestic enterprises falling within the scope of filing that have been listed overseas or met the following circumstances are “existing enterprises”: before the effectiveness of the Trial Measures on March 31, 2023, the application for indirect overseas issuance and listing has been approved by the overseas regulators or overseas stock exchanges (such as the registration statement has become effective on the U.S. market), it is not required to perform issuance and listing supervision procedures of the overseas regulators or overseas stock exchanges, and the overseas issuance and listing will be completed by September 30, 2023. Existing enterprises are not required to file with the CSRC immediately, and filings with the CSRC should be made as required if they involve refinancings and other filing matters. PRC domestic enterprises that have submitted valid applications for overseas issuance and listing but have not been approved by overseas regulatory authorities or overseas stock exchanges at the date of effectiveness of the Trial Measures on March 31, 2023 can reasonably arrange the timing of filing applications with the CSRC and shall complete the filing with the CSRC before the overseas issuance and listing.
On September 25, 2023, we received notification from the CSRC confirming that we have completed the record filing requirement for our initial public offering, which was completed in April 2024.
In addition, an overseas-listed company must also submit the filing with respect to its follow-on offerings, issuance of convertible corporate bonds and exchangeable bonds, and other equivalent offering activities, within the time frame specified by the Trial Measures. As a result, we will be required to file with the CSRC within three business days after the completion of any follow-on offering.
However, there remains uncertainty as to how the M&A Rules will be interpreted or implemented in the context of an overseas offering the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on the daily business operation of the PRC Operating Entities. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as we do. The PRC regulatory authorities may in the future promulgate laws, regulations or implementing rules that requires MF and its subsidiaries, including the PRC Operating Entities, to obtain regulatory approval from Chinese authorities before listing in the U.S. If it is determined that CSRC approval is required for any follow-on offerings, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to obtain or delay in obtaining CSRC approval for any follow-on offerings. These sanctions may include fines and penalties on our operations in China, limitations on our operating privileges in China, delays in or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from any follow-on offerings into the PRC, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our subsidiaries in China, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our Class A ordinary shares. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt any follow-on offerings before the settlement and delivery of the Class A ordinary shares that we are offering. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to the settlement and delivery of the Class A ordinary shares we are offering, you would be doing so at the risk that the settlement and delivery may not occur. In addition, if the CSRC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for any follow-on offerings, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of such approval requirements, if and when procedures are established to obtain such a waiver.
We believe that neither MF, nor any of its subsidiaries, including the PRC Operating Entities are currently required to obtain approval from Chinese authorities, including the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, or Cybersecurity Administration Committee, or CAC, to list on U.S exchanges or issue securities to foreign investors. We have not been denied any permission either as of the date of this annual report. However, if we were required to obtain approval in the future and were denied permission from Chinese authorities to list on U.S. exchanges, we will not be able to continue listing on U.S. exchange, which would materially affect the interest of the investors. It is uncertain when and whether the Company will be required to obtain permission from the PRC government to list on U.S. exchanges in the future, and even when such permission is obtained, whether it will be denied or rescinded. Although the Company is currently not required to obtain permission from any of the PRC federal or local government to obtain such permission and has not received any denial to list on the U.S. exchange, our operations could be adversely affected, directly or indirectly, by existing or future laws and regulations relating to its business or industry.
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It should be noted however, that there is uncertainty in relying on such advice of counsel in connection with draft legislation as the final version may be materially different and/or that the implementing regulations have yet to be promulgated. We cannot assure you that we will be able to get the clearance of filing procedures under the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas List on a timely basis, or at all. Any failure of us to fully comply with new regulatory requirements may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue to offer our Class A ordinary shares, cause significant disruption to our business operations, and severely damage our reputation, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and cause our Class A ordinary shares to significantly decline in value or become worthless.
Failure to comply with PRC laws and regulations on leased property may expose us to potential fines and negatively affect our ability to use the properties we lease.
Our leasehold interests in leased properties have not been registered with the relevant PRC government authorities as required by PRC law, which may expose us to potential fines if we fail to remediate after receiving any notice from the relevant PRC government authorities. Failure to complete the lease registration will not affect the legal effectiveness of the lease agreements according to PRC law, but the real estate administrative authorities may require the parties to the lease agreements to complete lease registration within a prescribed period of time, and the failure to do so may subject the parties to fines from RMB1,000 to RMB10,000 for each of such lease agreements.
Certain lessors of our leased properties have not provided us with valid property ownership certificates or any other documentation proving their right to lease those properties to us. If our lessors are not the owners of the properties or they have not obtained consents from the owners or their lessors or permits from the relevant government authorities, our leases could be invalidated.
As of the date of this annual report, we are not aware of any actions, claims or investigations threatened against us or our lessors with respect to the defects in our leasehold interests. However, if any of our leases is terminated as a result of challenges by third parties or governmental authorities for lack of title certificates or proof of authorization to lease, we do not expect to be subject to any fines or penalties, but we may be forced to relocate the affected offices and incur additional expenses relating to such relocation.
PRC regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to change their registered capital or distribute profits to us or otherwise expose us or our PRC resident beneficial owners to liability and penalties under PRC laws.
In July 2014, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment Through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents (including PRC individuals and PRC corporate entities as well as foreign individuals that are deemed as PRC residents for foreign exchange administration purpose) to register with SAFE or its local branches in connection with their direct or indirect offshore investment activities. SAFE Circular 37 further requires amendment to the SAFE registrations in the event of any changes with respect to the basic information of the offshore special purpose vehicle, such as change of a PRC individual shareholder, name and operation term, or any significant changes with respect to the offshore special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capital contribution, share transfer or exchange, or mergers or divisions. SAFE Circular 37 is applicable to our shareholders who are PRC residents and may be applicable to any offshore acquisitions that we make in the future.
If our shareholders who are PRC residents or entities do not complete their registration with the local SAFE branches, our PRC subsidiaries may be prohibited from distributing its profits and proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to us, and we may be restricted in our ability to contribute additional capital to our PRC subsidiaries. In February 2015, SAFE promulgated a Circular on Further Simplifying and Improving Foreign Exchange Administration Policy on Direct Investment, or SAFE Circular 13, effective in June 2015. Under SAFE Circular 13, applications for foreign exchange registration of inbound foreign direct investments and outbound overseas direct investments, including those required under SAFE Circular 37, will be filed with qualified banks instead of SAFE The qualified banks will directly examine the applications and accept registrations under the supervision of SAFE.
The failure or inability of such shareholders or beneficial owners to comply with SAFE Circular 37 or other SAFE regulations, or failure by us to amend the foreign exchange registrations of our PRC subsidiaries, could subject us to fines or legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, limit our PRC subsidiaries’ ability to make distributions or pay dividends to us or affect our ownership structure. Moreover, failure to comply with the various foreign exchange registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC law for circumventing applicable foreign exchange restrictions. As a result, our business operations and our ability to distribute profits to you could be materially and adversely affected.
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Furthermore, as these foreign exchange regulations are still relatively new and their interpretation and implementation has been constantly evolving, it is unclear how these regulations, and any future regulation concerning offshore or cross-border transactions, will be interpreted, amended and implemented by the relevant government authorities. For example, we may be subject to a more stringent review and approval process with respect to our foreign exchange activities, such as remittance of dividends and foreign currency-denominated borrowings, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, if we decide to acquire a PRC domestic company, we cannot assure you that we or the owners of such company, as the case may be, will be able to obtain the necessary approvals or complete the necessary filings and registrations required by the foreign exchange regulations. This may restrict our ability to implement our acquisition strategy and could adversely affect our business and prospects.
PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies may delay us from using the proceeds of any follow-on offerings to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
Any funds we transfer to the PRC subsidiaries, either as a shareholder loan or as an increase in registered capital, are subject to approval by or registration with relevant governmental authorities in China. According to the relevant PRC regulations on foreign invested enterprises in China, capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries are subject to the registration with the State Administration for Market Regulation or its local counterpart and registration with a local bank authorized by SAFE. In addition, (i) any foreign loan procured by our PRC subsidiaries is required to be registered with the SAFE or its local branches and (ii) any of our PRC subsidiaries may not procure loans which exceed the difference between its total investment amount and registered capital or, as an alternative, only procure loans subject to the calculation approach and limitation as provided by the People’s Bank of China. Additionally, any medium or long-term loans to be provided by us to the PRC subsidiaries must be registered with the National Development and Reform Commission and SAFE or its local branches. We may not be able to obtain these government approvals or complete such registrations in a timely manner, or at all, with respect to future capital contributions or loans by us to our PRC subsidiaries. If we fail to receive such approvals or complete such registration or filing, our ability to use the proceeds of any follow-on offerings to capitalize our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.
Governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment.
The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive substantially all of our revenues in Renminbi. Under our current corporate structure, our Cayman Islands holding company may rely on dividend payments from the PRC Operating Entities to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval of SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. Specifically, under the existing exchange restrictions, without prior approval of SAFE, cash generated from the operations of PRC Operating Entities may be used to pay dividends to our Company. However, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, we need to obtain SAFE approval to use cash generated from the operations of the PRC Operating Entities to pay off their respective debt in a currency other than Renminbi owed to entities outside China, or to make other capital expenditure payments outside China in a currency other than Renminbi.
In light of the flood of capital outflows of China in 2016 due to the weakening Renminbi, the PRC government has imposed more restrictive foreign exchange policies and stepped up scrutiny of major outbound capital movement including overseas direct investment. More restrictions and substantial vetting process are put in place by SAFE to regulate cross-border transactions falling under the capital account. If any of our shareholders regulated by such policies fails to satisfy the applicable overseas direct investment filing or approval requirement timely or at all, it may be subject to penalties from the relevant PRC authorities. The PRC government may at its discretion further restrict access in the future to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy our foreign currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders, including holders of the Class A ordinary shares.
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Our failure to fully comply with PRC labor-related laws may expose us to potential penalties.
Companies operating in China are required to participate in various government sponsored employee benefit plans, including certain social insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented payment obligations, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of our employees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where we operate our businesses. The requirement of employee benefit plans has not been implemented consistently by the local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in different locations. We have been paying and will continue to pay social security and housing fund contributions in strict compliance with the relevant PRC regulations for and on behalf of our employees. However, we may be subject to penalties for our failure to make payments in accordance with the applicable PRC laws and regulations should any regulations change in the future, in which case, we may be required to make up the contributions for these plans as well as to pay late fees and fines. If we are subject to fines in relation to the underpaid employee benefits, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
Our Class A ordinary shares may be prohibited from being traded on a national exchange under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”), if the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) is unable to inspect our auditors for two consecutive years beginning in 2021. The delisting of our Class A ordinary shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.
On April 21, 2020, SEC Chairman Jay Clayton and PCAOB Chairman William D. Duhnke III, along with other senior SEC staff, released a joint statement highlighting the risks associated with investing in companies based in or have substantial operations in emerging markets including China. The joint statement emphasized the risks associated with lack of access for the PCAOB to inspect auditors and audit work papers in China and higher risks of fraud in emerging markets.
On May 18, 2020, Nasdaq filed three proposals with the SEC to (i) apply minimum offering size requirement for companies primarily operating in “Restrictive Market”, (ii) adopt a new requirement relating to the qualification of management or board of director for Restrictive Market companies, and (iii) apply additional and more stringent criteria to an applicant or listed company based on the qualifications of the company’s auditors.
On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the HFCA Act requiring a foreign company to certify it is not owned or controlled by a foreign government if the PCAOB is unable to audit specified reports because the company uses a foreign auditor not subject to PCAOB inspection. If the PCAOB is unable to inspect the company’s auditors for three consecutive years, the issuer’s securities are prohibited to trade on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the U.S. On December 2, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives approved the HFCA Act. On December 18, 2020, the HFCA Act was signed into law.
On March 24, 2021, the SEC announced that it had adopted interim final amendments to implement congressionally mandated submission and disclosure requirements of the Act. The interim final amendments will apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report on Forms 10-K, 20-F, 40-F or N-CSR with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in that jurisdiction. The SEC will implement a process for identifying such a registrant and any such identified registrant will be required to submit documentation to the SEC establishing that it is not owned or controlled by a governmental entity in that foreign jurisdiction, and will also require disclosure in the registrant’s annual report regarding the audit arrangements of, and governmental influence on, such a registrant.
On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, and on December 29, 2022, legislation entitled “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023” (the “Consolidated Appropriations Act”) was signed into law by President Biden, which contained, among other things, an identical provision to the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and amended the HFCA Act by requiring the SEC to prohibit an issuer’s securities from trading on any U.S. stock exchanges if its auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspections for two consecutive years instead of three, thus reducing the time period for triggering the prohibition on trading.
On December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in foreign jurisdictions. The final amendments are effective on January 10, 2022. The SEC will begin to identify and list Commission-Identified Issuers on its website shortly after registrants begin filing their annual reports for 2021.
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On December 16, 2021, PCAOB announced the PCAOB HFCA Act determinations (the “PCAOB determinations”) relating to the PCAOB’s inability to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China of the PRC or Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region and dependency of the PRC, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in the PRC or Hong Kong.
On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it had signed a Statement of Protocol (the “SOP”) with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of China. The SOP, together with two protocol agreements governing inspections and investigations (together, the “SOP Agreement”), establishes a specific, accountable framework to make possible complete inspections and investigations by the PCAOB of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong, as required under U.S. law. The SOP Agreement remains unpublished and is subject to further explanation and implementation. Pursuant to the fact sheet with respect to the SOP Agreement disclosed by the SEC, the PCAOB shall have sole discretion to select any audit firms for inspection or investigation and the PCAOB inspectors and investigators shall have a right to see all audit documentation without redaction.
On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB Board determined that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong and voted to vacate its previous determinations to the contrary. However, should PRC authorities obstruct or otherwise fail to facilitate the PCAOB’s access in the future, the PCAOB Board will consider the need to issue a new determination.
The lack of access to the PCAOB inspection in China prevents the PCAOB from fully evaluating audits and quality control procedures of the auditors based in China. As a result, the investors may be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China makes it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of these accounting firms’ audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause existing and potential investors in our stock to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.
Our auditor, HTL International, LLC, is an independent registered public accounting firm that issued the audit report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026, 2025, and 2024, respectively, included in this annual report, and is currently subject to PCAOB inspections and the PCAOB is thus able to inspect HTL International, LLC. HTL International, LLC is headquartered in Houston, Texas, and subject to inspection by the PCAOB.
However, the recent developments would add uncertainties to our offering and we cannot assure you whether the SEC, the PCAOB, Nasdaq, or other regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements. It remains unclear what further actions the SEC, the PCAOB or Nasdaq will take to address these issues and what impact those actions will have on U.S. companies that have significant operations in the PRC and have securities listed on a U.S. stock exchange (including a national securities exchange or over-the-counter stock market). In addition, any additional actions, proceedings, or new rules resulting from these efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could create some uncertainty for investors, the market price of our Class A ordinary shares could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we and our auditor are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement or being required to engage a new audit firm, which would require significant expense and management time.
Furthermore, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law, the securities regulatory authority of the State Council may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with securities regulatory authorities of another country or region for the implementation of cross-border supervision and administration. Article 177 further provides that overseas securities regulatory authorities shall not engage in activities pertaining to investigations or evidence collection directly conducted within the territories of the PRC, and that no Chinese entities or individuals shall provide documents and information in connection with securities business activities to any organizations and/or persons aboard without the prior consent of the securities regulatory authority of the State Council and the competent departments of the State Council. As of the date of this annual report, we are not aware of any implementing rules or regulations which have been published regarding application of Article 177. However, because our auditor conducted their work with the collaboration of its China-based office, Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law may in the future prohibit the audit paper of our financial statements be fully inspected by the PCAOB without the approval of the PRC authorities. Our Class A ordinary shares could be delisted and prohibited from being traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market or any other U.S. stock market under the HFCA Act if it is determined in the future that our auditor, which has a presence in China, is unable to be fully inspected or investigated by the PCAOB. Article 177 is a recently promulgated provision and, as the date of this annual report, there have not been implementing rules or regulations regarding the application of Article 177, it remains unclear as to how it will be interpreted, implemented or applied by the CSRC or other relevant government authorities. As such, there are uncertainties as to the procedures and requisite timing for the U.S. securities regulatory agencies to conduct investigations and collect evidence within the territory of the PRC.
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If trading in our Class A ordinary shares is prohibited under the HFCA ACT in the future because the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or fully investigate our auditor at such future time, Nasdaq may determine to delist our Class A ordinary shares. If our Class A ordinary shares are unable to be listed on another securities exchange by then, such a delisting would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our Class A ordinary shares when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with a potential delisting would have a negative impact on the price of our Class A ordinary shares.
The current tension in international trade, particularly with regard to U.S. and China trade policies, may adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Although cross-border business may not be an area of our focus, if we plan to expand our business internationally in the future, any unfavorable government policies on international trade, such as capital controls or tariffs, may affect the demand for our services, impact our competitive position, or prevent us from being able to conduct business in certain countries. If any new tariffs, legislation, or regulations are implemented, or if existing trade agreements are renegotiated, such changes could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Recently, there have been heightened tensions in international economic relations, such as the one between the United States and China. The U.S. government has recently imposed, and has recently proposed to impose additional, new, or higher tariffs on certain products imported from China to penalize China for what it characterizes as unfair trade practices. China has responded by imposing, and proposing to impose additional, new, or higher tariffs on certain products imported from the United States. Following mutual retaliatory actions for months, on January 15, 2020, the United States and China entered into the Economic and Trade Agreement Between the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China as a phase one trade deal, effective on February 14, 2020.
Although the direct impact of the current international trade tension, and any escalation of such tension, on the industries in which we operate is uncertain, the negative impact on general, economic, political and social conditions may adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Hong Kong legal system embodies uncertainties which could limit the legal protections available to the Company.
Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of the PRC and enjoys a high degree of autonomy under the “one country, two systems” principle. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region’s constitutional document, the Basic Law, ensures that the current political situation will remain in effect for 50 years. Hong Kong has enjoyed the freedom to function in a high degree of autonomy for its affairs, including currencies, immigration and custom, independent judiciary system and parliamentary system. However, we are not in any position to guarantee the implementation of the “one country, two systems” principle and the level of autonomy as currently in place at the moment. Any changes in the state of political environment in Hong Kong may materially and adversely affect our business and operation. Additionally, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in Hong Kong may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us, including our ability to enforce our agreements with our clients.
Hong Kong regulatory requirement of prior approval for transfer of shares in excess of certain threshold may restrict future takeovers and other transactions.
Section 132 of SFO requires prior approval from the SFC for any company or individual to become a substantial shareholder of a SFC licensed company in Hong Kong. Under the SFO, a person will be a “substantial shareholder” of a licensed company if he, either alone or with associates, has an interest in or is entitled to control the exercise of the voting power of more than 10% of the total number of issued shares of the licensed company, or exercises control of 35% or more of the voting power of a company that controls more than 10% of the voting power of the licensed company. This regulatory requirement may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of the Company, which could deprive our shareholders the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a future sale and may reduce the price of our shares.
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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Our limited operating history and evolving business model make it difficult to evaluate our business and future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter.
We commenced operations in 2018. Our evaluations of the business and prediction about our future performance may not be as accurate as they would be if we had a longer operating history. In the event that actual results differ from our expectation or we adjust our estimates in future periods, the investors’ perceptions of our business and future prospects could change materially, which may adversely affect our ordinary share price.
Our revenues and future growth depend on the development of automotive industry in the PRC, the outlook for which is subject to numerous uncertainties, including China’s policies, laws, and regulations.
We currently focus on serving the auto insurance industry and, as such, trends and developments in the auto industry in the PRC are critical to our clients. The general public’ demand for automobile purchases is directly related to their demand for auto insurance purchases.
We are unable to predict the future development of the industry as it may be affected by a number of complex factors, including the PRC’s overall economic conditions, the urbanization rate of the Chinese population, growth in household disposable income, the cost of new vehicles, trade barriers and tensions and other government protectionist measures, as well as taxes and incentives related to vehicle purchases. Specifically, tariffs or global trade wars could increase the cost of imported vehicles, which could negatively impact the vehicle demand and, in turn, our business. In addition, government policies including restrictions on the licensing of new passenger vehicles in major cities, increasingly stringent emission standards and purchase tax adjustments may have a profound impact on the growth of the auto industry in the PRC.
We have a history of net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities, which may continue in the future.
We have incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operating activities for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 and 2024, and we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability or positive cash flow in the future.
We anticipate that our operating costs and expenses will increase in the foreseeable future as we continue to grow our business, acquire new users, invest and innovate in our technology infrastructure and further develop our product and service offering and increase brand recognition. Any of these efforts may incur significant capital investment and recurring costs, have different revenue and cost structures, and take time to achieve profitability. With continuing net loss and negative cash flows from operating activities, we may have to finance ourselves with equity or debt financing, which may not be available at a price or terms favorable to us or at all.
We face intense competition, if we fail to compete effectively, we may lose market share. Our performance, prospects, and results of operations will be materially and negatively impacted.
The market for our services is highly competitive. We face competition in the insurance sector in the PRC. We also face competition from other companies in the insurance technology sector and the traditional insurance industry. Our competition is mainly focused on factors such as improving user coverage, user engagement and brand awareness, and customer attraction and retention.
Some of our competitors or potential competitors have a longer operating history and therefore may have better funding, managerial, technical, marketing resources and other resources than we do. They may use their experience and resources to compete with us in a number of ways, including competing more aggressively for customers and completing more acquisitions. Some of our competitors have entered into or may enter into business partnership agreements with search engines, which may affect our ability to obtain additional consumers from the same sources. Competitors in our industry may be acquired, merged with, or partnered with integrated groups in our industry that are able to invest significant resources in the operations for further investment. We cannot assure you that any such large internet business groups will not focus on insurance technology in the future. If we are unable to compete effectively with our existing and future competitors at reasonable cost, our business, prospects, and results of operations could be materially and negatively affected.
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If we are unable to retain and attract customers, or if we lose our existing customer base due to our inability to gain market acceptance for our services, our business and results of operations may be materially and negatively affected.
In order to maintain and strengthen our position as a leading provider of insurance technology services, we must continue to retain and attract customers from WeChat mini programs and website by providing insurers, insurance brokers and insurance intermediaries with convenient and efficient automated processes. We must innovate and introduce services and applications that improve the users’ experience. In addition, we need to maintain and increase our brand awareness among our users. If we are unable to provide high-quality and timely content to insurance brokers, or are unable to provide an excellent user experience or maintain our brand awareness, we may be unable to attract and retain users. If our user base decreases, our website and WeChat mini programs may lose its appeal to our customers, including insurance agencies and insurance intermediaries, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, we may not be able to properly identify trends or introduce new services to the market as quickly, efficiently or competitively priced as our competitors. Existing customers may not become the target audience for new business, which will reduce our comparative advantage against our competitors. If the number of our customers decreases, we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to cover our increased costs and expenses. As a result, our business and results of operations may be materially and negatively affected.
Any harm to our brand or reputation may materially and adversely affect our business.
The brand recognition and reputation of our “MF” brand and the successful maintenance and enhancement of our brand and reputation have contributed and will continue to contribute significantly to our success and growth.
Any negative perception and publicity, whether or not justified, such as complaints and accidents in relation to user experience or quality of services, including inappropriate behavior of sales personnel, could tarnish our reputation and reduce the value of our brand. Further, our competitors may fabricate complaints or negative publicity about us for the purpose of vicious competition. With the increased use of social network, adverse publicity can be disseminated quickly and broadly, making it increasingly difficult for us to respond and mitigate effectively.
We are also subject to negative publicity regarding the insurance carriers on our platform, whose activities are out of our control. Negative public perception on the insurance products by insurance carriers on our platform or that insurance carriers on our platform do not provide satisfactory customer services, even if factually incorrect or based on isolated incidents, could undermine the trust and credibility we have established and have a negative impact on our ability to attract new users or retain our current users.
If our online promotions are not effective, our ability to increase revenue and profitability could be materially and adversely affected.
With the increasing availability of the internet in the PRC, the internet has become an increasingly important marketing and advertising channel for the insurance industry. As a result, online marketing and promotion has become a major part of our effort to promote insurance products for our clients, and if the results achieved through online promotion do not meet our clients’ expectations, our clients may reduce their spending and efforts on our online promotions and devote more of their marketing budgets to other more visible marketing companies or traditional media companies. Our ability to increase revenue and profitability through online marketing may be adversely affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
| ● | Difficulties in tapping into large user groups whose demographic characteristics are fitted to our clients’ products |
| ● | Increased competition and potential downward pressure on online advertising prices. |
| ● | Difficulties in retaining and acquiring customers. |
| ● | Failure to develop independent and reliable ways to validate online traffic |
| ● | Declining use of the internet or online marketing in China. |
If the internet is not widely accepted as an effective media or marketing platform for the insurance industry in the PRC, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
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Regulatory actions, legal proceedings and customer complaints against us could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
Along with growth and expansion of our business, we may be involved in litigation, regulatory proceedings and other disputes arising outside the ordinary course of our business. Such litigation and disputes may result in claims for actual damages, freezing of our assets, diversion of our management’s attention and reputational damage to us and our management, as well as legal proceedings against our directors, officers or employees, and the probability and amount of liability, if any, may remain unknown for long periods of time. Given the uncertainty, complexity and scope of many of these litigation matters, their outcome generally cannot be predicted with any reasonable degree of certainty. Therefore, our reserves for such matters may be inadequate. Moreover, even if we eventually prevail in these matters, we could incur significant legal fees or suffer significant reputational harm.
Our current risk management system may not be able to exhaustively identify or mitigate all risks to which we are exposed.
We have established risk management, quality control and internal control systems, consisting of policies and procedures that we believe are appropriate for our business. However, the implementation of such policies and procedures may involve human error and mistakes. Moreover, we may be exposed to fraud or other misconduct committed by our employees, customer service personnel or other third parties, including but not limited to our users and business partners, or other events that are out of our control.
We may face disruption to our technology systems and resulting interruptions in the availability of our services.
The satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of our technology systems are critical to our success. We rely on our scalable technology infrastructure and corresponding websites, WeChat mini programs and official accounts connecting our network with those of our various platform users. However, our technology systems or infrastructure may not function properly at all times. We may be unable to monitor and ensure high-quality maintenance and upgrade of our technology systems and infrastructure, and users may experience service outages and delays in accessing and using our platforms as we seek to source additional capacity.
Our technology systems may also experience telecommunications failures, computer viruses, failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, databases or components, power outages, hardware failures, user errors, or other attempts to harm our technology systems, which may result in the unavailability or slowdown of our platform or certain functions, delays or errors in transaction processing, loss of data, inability to accept and fulfill user request, reduced fund raised or size of mutual plans and the attractiveness of our platform. Further, hackers, acting individually or in coordinated groups, may also launch distributed denial of service attacks or other coordinated attacks that may cause service outages or other interruptions in our business.
We may fail to protect our intellectual properties.
We regard our software registrations, trademarks, domain names and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on a combination of intellectual property laws and contractual arrangements, including confidentiality and non-compete agreements with our employees and others to protect our proprietary rights. See “Business — Intellectual Property.” Despite these measures, any of our intellectual property rights could be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or misappropriated, or such intellectual property may not be sufficient to provide us with competitive advantages.
It is often difficult to maintain and enforce intellectual property rights in China. Statutory laws and regulations are subject to judicial interpretation and enforcement and may not be applied consistently. Confidentiality, invention assignment and non-compete agreements may be breached by counterparties, and there may not be adequate remedies available to us for any such breach. Accordingly, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights or to enforce our contractual rights in China. In particular, some of our trademark applications for certain categories have been rejected, and we have applied for administrative reviews on such rejections. However, there can be no assurance that we will obtain such trademarks and any other trademarks that are crucial to our business in the future. Thus, we may be unable to prevent others from using such trademarks or suing us for infringement, or even unable to continue to use such trademarks in our business.
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Preventing any unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly and the steps we take may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property. In the event that we resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, such litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managerial and financial resources. We can also provide no assurance that we will prevail in such litigation. In addition, our trade secrets may be leaked or otherwise become available to, or be independently discovered by, our competitors.
We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims.
We cannot be certain that our operations or any aspects of our business do not or will not infringe upon or otherwise violate trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We may be from time to time in the future subject to legal proceedings and claims relating to the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, there may be third-party trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights that are infringed by our products, services or other aspects of our business without our awareness. If any third-party infringement claims are brought against us, we may be forced to divert management’s time and other resources from our business and operations to defend against these claims, regardless of their merits.
We may fail to make necessary or desirable strategic alliance, acquisition or investment, and we may not be able to achieve the benefits we expect from the alliances, acquisition or investments we make.
We may pursue selected strategic alliances and potential strategic acquisitions that are supplemental to our business and operations, including opportunities that can help us further expand our product and service offerings and improve our technology system. However, strategic alliances with third parties could subject us to a number of risks, including risks associated with sharing proprietary information, non-performance or default by counterparties, and increased expenses in establishing these new alliances, any of which may materially and adversely affect our business. In addition, we may have limited ability to control or monitor the actions of our strategic partners. To the extent a strategic partner suffers any negative publicity as a result of its business operations, our reputation may be negatively affected by virtue of our association with such party.
The costs of identifying and consummating strategic acquisitions may be significant and subsequent integrations of newly acquired companies, businesses, assets and technologies would require significant managerial and financial resources and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our growth and business operations. In addition, investments and acquisitions could result in the use of substantial amounts of cash, potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities and exposure to potential unknown liabilities of the acquired business. The acquired businesses or assets may not generate the financial results we expect and may incur losses. The cost and duration of integrating newly acquired businesses could also materially exceed our expectations. If our portfolio do not perform as we expect, our results of operation and profitability may be adversely affected.
Our success depends on the continuing efforts of our senior management and key employees.
Our future success is significantly dependent upon the continued service of our senior management and other key employees. If we lose their service, we may not be able to locate suitable or qualified replacements, and may incur additional expenses to recruit and train new staff, which could severely disrupt our business and growth. Our founder and chief executive officer, Mr. Jian Chen, and other management members are critical to our vision, strategic direction, culture and overall business success. If there is any internal organizational structure change or change in responsibilities for our management or key personnel, or if one or more of our senior management members were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, the operation of our business and our business prospects may be adversely affected. Our employees, including members of our management, may choose to pursue other opportunities. If we are unable to motivate or retain key employees, our business may be severely disrupted and our prospects could suffer. In addition, although we have entered into confidentiality and non-competition agreements with our management, there is no assurance that our management members would not join our competitors or form a competing business. If any dispute arises between our current or former officers and us, we may have to incur substantial costs and expenses in order to enforce such agreements in China or we may not be able to enforce them at all.
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If we are unable to recruit, train and retain talents, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
We believe our future success depends on our continued ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain qualified and skilled employees. Competition for personnel with expertise in insurance, sales and marketing, technology and risk management is extremely intense in China. We may not be able to hire and retain these personnel at compensation levels consistent with our existing compensation and salary structure. Some of the companies with which we compete for experienced employees have greater resources than we have and may be able to offer more attractive terms of employment. In addition, we invest significant time and resources in training our employees, which increases their value to competitors who may seek to recruit them. If we fail to retain our employees, we could incur significant expenses in hiring and training new employees, and our ability to serve users and business partners could diminish, resulting in a material adverse effect to our business.
We may not be able to raise additional capital when desired, on favorable terms or at all.
We need to make continued investments in facilities, hardware, software, technological systems and to retain talents to remain competitive. Due to the unpredictable nature of the capital markets and our industry, there can be no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital on terms favorable to us, or at all, if and when required, especially if we experience disappointing operating results. If adequate capital is not available to us as required, our ability to fund our operations, take advantage of unanticipated opportunities, develop or enhance our infrastructure or respond to competitive pressures could be significantly limited. If we do raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interests of our shareholders could be significantly diluted. These newly issued securities may have rights, preferences or privileges on par with or senior to those of existing shareholders.
If we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls to remediate our material weakness over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our results of operations, meet our reporting obligations or prevent fraud.
Prior to the initial public offering completed in April 2024, we were a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources with which to address our internal control over financial reporting. In connection with the audits of our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified one material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. As defined in the standards established by the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
The material weakness that has been identified relates to our lack of sufficient skilled staff with appropriate knowledge of U.S. GAAP for the purpose of financial reporting and our lack of formal accounting policies and procedures manual to ensure proper financial reporting to comply with U.S. GAAP and SEC requirements. Neither we nor our independent registered public accounting firm undertook a comprehensive assessment of our internal control for purposes of identifying and reporting material weaknesses and other deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. Had we performed a formal assessment of our internal control over financial reporting or had our independent registered public accounting firm performed an audit of our internal control over financial reporting, additional deficiencies may have been identified.
Following the identification of the material weakness and other deficiencies, we have taken measures and plan to continue to take measures to remediate these control deficiencies. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.” However, the implementation of these measures may not fully address the material weakness and other deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting, and we cannot conclude that they have been fully remediated. Our failure to correct the material weakness and other deficiencies or our failure to discover and address any other deficiencies could result in inaccuracies in our financial statements and impair our ability to comply with applicable financial reporting requirements and related regulatory filings on a timely basis. Moreover, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could significantly hinder our ability to prevent fraud.
We will be subject to the reporting requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) as well as rules and regulations of Nasdaq Stock Exchange. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting. We are required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to perform system and process evaluation and testing of our internal controls over financial reporting to allow management to report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting in our Form 20-F beginning with our annual report in our second annual report after becoming a public company. Prior to the initial public offering completed in April 2024, we were never required to test our internal controls within a specified period, and, as a result, we may experience difficulty in meeting these reporting requirements in a timely manner.
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Our management may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing, may issue an adverse report if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us.
If we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner, or if we are unable to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to produce timely and accurate financial statements and may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. If that were to happen, we could suffer material misstatements in our financial statements and fail to meet our reporting obligations, which could lead to a decline in the market price of our Class A ordinary shares and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by SEC or other regulatory authorities. We may also be required to restate our financial statements for prior periods.
We face risks related to natural disasters, health epidemics and other outbreaks, which could significantly disrupt our operations.
In addition to the impact of COVID-19, our business could be materially and adversely affected by natural disasters, health epidemics or other public safety concerns affecting China. Natural disasters may give rise to server interruptions, breakdowns, system failures, technology platform failures or internet failures, which could cause the loss or corruption of data or malfunctions of software or hardware as well as adversely affect our ability to operate our platform and provide services and solutions. In recent years, there have been outbreaks of epidemics in China and globally, such as H1N1 flu, avian flu or another epidemic. Our business operations could be disrupted by any of these epidemics. In addition, our results of operations could be adversely affected to the extent that any health epidemic harms the Chinese economy in general. A prolonged outbreak of any of these illnesses or other adverse public health developments in China or elsewhere in the world could have a material adverse effect on our business operations. Such outbreaks could significantly impact the insurance industry, which could severely disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our headquarters are located in Beijing, where most of our management and employees currently reside. Consequently, if any natural disasters, health epidemics or other public safety concerns were to affect Beijing, our operation may experience material disruptions, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A severe or prolonged downturn in the Chinese or global economy could materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
The global macroeconomic environment faces numerous challenges. The growth rate of the Chinese economy had already been slowing since 2010. There is considerable uncertainty over the long-term effects of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policies which had been adopted by the central banks and financial authorities of some of the world’s leading economies, including the United States and China, even before 2020. Unrest, terrorist threats and the potential for war in the Middle East and elsewhere may increase market volatility across the globe. There have also been concerns about the relationship between China and other countries, including the surrounding Asian countries, which may potentially have economic effects. In particular, there is significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the United States and China with respect to trade policies, treaties, government regulations and tariffs. Economic conditions in China are sensitive to global economic conditions, as well as changes in domestic economic policies and the expected or perceived overall economic growth rate in China. Any severe or prolonged slowdown in the global or Chinese economy may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
A small number of customers account for a large portion of our revenues. If we are unable to maintain the relationship with these major clients or engage with more clients, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
No customer that accounts for more than 10% of total revenues for the year ended June 30, 2024. For the year ended June 30, 2025, we have one customer that accounted for more than 10% of total revenues, and such customer accounted for 37.9% of the Company’s total revenues. For the year ended June 30, 2026, we have one customer that accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues, and such customer accounted for 69.7% of the Company’s total revenues. If any of these customers choose to terminate their cooperation relationship with us, we will lose a substantial part of our revenue and will have to seek a different partner to make up for the loss. Therefore, it could be materially temporary or permanently impact our business if for any reason we had to end the business relationship with any one of our current clients. We are planning to develop our client base in the coming years and engage with new companies similar to our existing customers to develop our business.
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We rely on a limited number of suppliers. If we are unable to maintain the relationship with these suppliers or engage more suppliers, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
We rely on a limited number of suppliers. Reliance on these suppliers presents significant risks to us, including but not limited to potential failure to obtain traffic for the digital promotion services and failure by us to find alternative suppliers. For the year ended June 30, 2026, two suppliers accounted for 68.7% and 14.6% of the Company’s total purchases respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2025, three suppliers accounted for 25.4%, 18.3%, and 11.5% of the Company’s total purchases respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2024, two suppliers accounted for 23.1% and 12.4% of the Company’s total purchases respectively. As of June 30, 2026, one supplier accounted for 100.0% of the total balance of accounts payable. As of June 30, 2025, two suppliers accounted for 69.4% and 26.0% of the total balance of accounts payable respectively.
The ability and willingness of our suppliers to continue cooperating with us is largely beyond our control. If one or more of these suppliers fail to perform its obligations in a timely manner or at satisfactory quality levels, we could face difficulties in fulfilling our customers’ needs, and we may be unable to timely find alternatives at a reasonable price. As a result, our total revenue could decline and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
Potential strategic investments, acquisitions or new business initiatives may disrupt our ability to manage our business effectively
Strategic investments, acquisitions or new business initiatives and any subsequent integration of new companies or businesses will require significant attention from our management, in particular to ensure that such changes do not disrupt any existing collaborations, or affect our users’ opinion and perception of our products and services. In addition, in the case of acquisitions or new business initiatives, our management will need to ensure that the acquired or new business is effectively integrated into our existing operations. The diversion of our management’s attention and any difficulties encountered during integration could have a material adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.
Strategic investments, acquisitions or new business initiatives could expose us to potential risks, including:
| ● | risks associated with the assimilation of new operations, services, technologies and personnel; |
| ● | unforeseen or hidden liabilities; |
| ● | the diversion of resources from our existing businesses and technologies; |
| ● | implementation or remediation of controls, procedures and policies at the acquired company; |
| ● | the inability to generate sufficient revenues to offset the costs and expenses of the transaction; and |
| ● | potential loss of, or harm to, relationships with employees and platform users as a result of the integration of new businesses or investment. |
Our failure to address these risks or other problems encountered in connection with our past or future acquisitions and investments could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions or investments, incur unanticipated liabilities and harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We have entered into a project cooperation agreement, which is in substance a real estate purchase arrangement for a property in Hangzhou, and paid the full consideration, but have not obtained the real estate ownership certificate.
We entered into a project cooperation agreement with the counterparty in connection with a property located in Hangzhou. While the agreement is structured as a project cooperation arrangement, it is in substance a real estate purchase arrangement. We have paid the full consideration under such agreement and currently occupy and use the property. Under the terms of the project cooperation agreement, the counterparty is contractually obligated to cooperate with us to execute the formal real estate transfer agreement and assist with title registration once applicable tax-related prerequisites are satisfied. There is no mandatory statutory deadline requiring us to complete such tax procedures, and we retain discretion over the timing to satisfy these tax prerequisites and trigger the execution of the real estate transfer agreement.
Absent a valid real estate ownership certificate, our registered legal title to the property has not been perfected. Although we hold contractual rights under the project cooperation agreement and the counterparty has contractual obligations to assist with the transfer, such contractual rights may still be subject to dispute, and there can be no assurance that the counterparty will perform its obligations in a timely manner. Should the counterparty fail to perform, we may need to pursue remedies under the agreement, which could be time-consuming and costly. Until we complete the tax prerequisites, execute the real estate transfer agreement and obtain the ownership certificate, we cannot legally mortgage, pledge, transfer or dispose of the property. While we do not currently intend to transfer or collateralize this asset, any unexpected requirement to dispose of or finance against the property would be delayed until the real estate transfer and titling registration are completed. There can be no assurance that the tax procedures, real estate transfer documentation and registration process will be completed without additional cost or delay once we elect to proceed. Any of the foregoing could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Risks Related to Our Class A ordinary shares
The trading price of the Class A ordinary shares is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors.
Recently, there have been instances of extreme stock price run-ups followed by rapid price declines and strong stock price volatility with a number of recent initial public offerings, especially among companies with relatively smaller public floats. As a relatively small-capitalized company with relatively small public float, we may experience greater stock price volatility, lower trading volume and less liquidity than large-capitalized companies. In particular, our Class A ordinary shares may be subject to rapid and substantial price volatility, low volumes of trades and large spreads in bid and ask prices due to factors beyond our control. Such volatility, including any stock-run up, may be unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance and financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our Class A ordinary shares. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, including the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in the United States. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for the Class A ordinary shares may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations, including the following:
| ● | variations in our revenues, earnings, cash flow; |
| ● | fluctuations in operating metrics; |
| ● | announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships or joint ventures by us or our competitors; |
| ● | announcements of new solutions and services and expansions by us or our competitors; |
| ● | termination or non-renewal of contracts or any other material adverse change in our relationship with our key customers or strategic investors; |
| ● | changes in financial estimates by securities analysts; |
| ● | detrimental negative publicity about us, our competitors or our industry; |
| ● | additions or departures of key personnel; |
| ● | release of lockup or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities; |
| ● | regulatory developments affecting us or our industry; and |
| ● | potential litigation or regulatory investigations. |
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Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which the Class A ordinary shares will trade. Furthermore, the stock market in general experiences price and volume fluctuations that are often unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies like us. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our Class A ordinary shares. Volatility or a lack of positive performance in our share price may also adversely affect our ability to retain key employees, most of whom have been granted share incentives.
In addition, if the trading volumes of our Class A ordinary shares are low, persons buying or selling in relatively small quantities may easily influence prices of our Class A ordinary shares. This low volume of trades could also cause the price of our Class A ordinary shares to fluctuate greatly, with large percentage changes in price occurring in any trading day session. Holders of our Class A ordinary shares may also not be able to readily liquidate their investment or may be forced to sell at depressed prices due to low volume trading. If high spreads between the bid and ask prices of our Class A ordinary shares exist at the time of a purchase, the stock would have to appreciate substantially on a relative percentage basis for an investor to recoup their investment. Broad market fluctuations and general economic and political conditions may also adversely affect the market price of our Class A ordinary shares. As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losses on their investment in our Class A ordinary shares. A decline in the market price of our Class A ordinary shares also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional Ordinary Shares or other of our securities and our ability to obtain additional financing in the future. No assurance can be given that an active market in our Class A ordinary shares will develop or be sustained. If an active market does not develop, holders of our Class A ordinary shares may be unable to readily sell the shares they hold or may not be able to sell their shares at all.
In the past, shareholders of public companies have often brought securities class action suits against companies following periods of instability in the market price of their securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit, which could harm our results of operations. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
We may experience extreme stock price volatility, including any stock-run up, unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance, financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our Class A ordinary shares.
In addition to the risks addressed above in “— The trading price of the Class A ordinary shares is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors,” our Class A ordinary shares may be subject to extreme volatility that is seemingly unrelated to the underlying performance of our business. In particular, our Class A ordinary shares may be subject to rapid and substantial price volatility, low volumes of trades and large spreads in bid and ask prices, given that we will have relatively small public floats. Such volatility, including any stock-run up, may be unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance, financial condition or prospects.
Holders of our Class A ordinary shares may also not be able to readily liquidate their investment or may be forced to sell at depressed prices due to low volume trading. Broad market fluctuations and general economic and political conditions may also adversely affect the market price of our Class A ordinary shares. As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losses on their investment in our Class A ordinary shares. Furthermore, the potential extreme volatility may confuse the public investors of the value of our stock, distort the market perception of our stock price and our company’s financial performance and public image, negatively affect the long-term liquidity of our Class A ordinary shares, regardless of our actual or expected operating performance. If we encounter such volatility, including any rapid stock price increases and declines seemingly unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance and financial condition or prospects, it will likely make it difficult and confusing for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our Class A ordinary shares and understand the value thereof.
If securities or industry analysts cease to publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding the Class A ordinary shares, the market price for the Class A ordinary shares and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for the Class A ordinary shares will be influenced by research or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business. If one or more analysts who cover us downgrade the Class A ordinary shares, the market price for the Class A ordinary shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for the Class A ordinary shares to decline.
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We currently do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future and you must rely on price appreciation of our Class A ordinary shares for return on your investment.
We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in our Class A ordinary shares as a source for any future dividend income.
Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands exempted company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in our Ordinary Shares will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of our Class A ordinary shares. There is no guarantee that our Class A ordinary shares will appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which you purchased the Class A ordinary shares. You may not realize a return on your investment in our Class A ordinary shares and you may even lose your entire investment in our Class A ordinary shares.
Our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association contain anti-takeover provisions that could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of our Class A ordinary shares and the Class A ordinary shares.
Our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association contain provisions to limit the ability of others to acquire control of our company or cause us to engage in change-of-control transactions. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transaction. Our board of directors has the authority, without further action by our shareholders, to issue preferred shares with such preferred, deferred or other special rights, restrictions or privileges whether in regard to voting, distributions, a return of capital or otherwise and in such classes and series, if any, as the directors may determine, any or all of which may be greater than the rights associated with our Class A ordinary shares. Preferred shares could be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of our company or make removal of management more difficult. If our board of directors decides to issue preferred shares, the price of the Class A ordinary shares may fall and the voting and other rights of the holders of our Class A ordinary shares and the Class A ordinary shares may be materially and adversely affected.
You may experience dilution of your holdings due to inability to participate in rights offerings.
We may, from time to time, distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire securities. We may be unable to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, and we are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to these rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to have a registration statement declared effective. Accordingly, holders of Class A ordinary shares may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution of their holdings as a result.
You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association, the Companies Act (as amended) of the Cayman Islands and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors owed to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors owed to us under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have the standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States.
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Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Under Cayman Islands law, the names of our current directors can be obtained from a search conducted at the Registrar of Companies. Our directors have discretion under our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.
As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of our board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States.
Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company and substantially all of our assets are located outside of the United States. All of our current operations are conducted in China. In addition, substantially all of our current directors and officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of China may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. For more information regarding the relevant laws of the Cayman Islands and China.
We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements.
As a Company with less than $1.235 billion in revenues for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the JOBS Act. Therefore, we may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or Section 404, in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting and permission to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. As a result, if we elect not to comply with such reporting and other requirements, in particular the auditor attestation requirements, our investors may not have access to certain information they may deem important.
The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. We do not plan to “opt out” of such exemptions afforded to an emerging growth company. As a result of this election, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates.
We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.
Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including:
| ● | the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K; |
| ● | the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; |
| ● | the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; |
| ● | the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD; and |
| ● | certain audit committee independence requirements in Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act. |
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There can be no assurance that we will not be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. holders of the Class A ordinary shares.
A non-U.S. corporation, such as our Company, will be considered a passive foreign investment company, or “PFIC,” for any taxable year if either (i) at least 75% of its gross income is passive income or (ii) at least 50% of the value of its assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income.
After the restructure that was completed in March 2022, MF Beijing is now an indirect subsidiary of the Company. Based upon our current and projected income and assets, we do not expect to be a PFIC for the current taxable year or the foreseeable future. However, no assurance can be given in this regard because the determination of whether we will be or become a PFIC is a factual determination made annually that will depend, in part, upon the composition of our income and assets. Fluctuations in the market price of the Class A ordinary shares may cause us to be a PFIC for the current or future taxable years because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test, including the value of our goodwill and unbooked intangibles, may be determined by reference to the market price of the Class A ordinary shares from time to time (which may be volatile). If our market capitalization subsequently declines, we may be or become a PFIC for the current taxable year or future taxable years. Furthermore, the composition of our income and assets may also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets and the cash raised in any follow-on offerings. Under circumstances where our revenue from activities that produce passive income significantly increases relative to our revenue from activities that produce non-passive income, or where we determine not to deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes, our risk of being or becoming a PFIC may substantially increase. Because there are uncertainties in the application of the relevant rules, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year.
If we were treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. investor held an ordinary share or an ordinary share, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to the U.S. investor.
Item 4. Information on the Company
4.A. History and Development of the Company
The following diagram illustrates the corporate structure of MindForge Inc. and its subsidiaries as of the date of this annual report.
MF was incorporated on June 30, 2021 in the Cayman Islands. It is a holding company and is not actively engaged in any business as of the date of this annual report. MF is authorized to issue 6,050,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of par value USD 0.04 each and 200,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of par value USD 0.04 each. As of the date of this annual report, there are 6,061,683 Class A ordinary shares and 306,383 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding. MF’s registered office is at Harneys Fiduciary (Cayman) Limited, 4th Floor, Harbour Place, 103 South Church Street, P.O. Box 10240, Grand Cayman, KY1-1002, Cayman Islands.
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MF HK was incorporated on July 14, 2021 under the laws of Hong Kong. MF HK is a Hong Kong limited company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of MF. MF HK is a holding company and does not have any operations.
WFOE Beijing was incorporated on July 23, 2021 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. WFOE Beijing is a wholly-foreign owned enterprise, a limited liability company, and a wholly-owned subsidiary of MF HK. WFOE Beijing does not have any operations.
WFOE Suzhou was incorporated on November 28, 2022 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. WFOE Suzhou is a wholly-foreign owned enterprise, a limited liability company, and a wholly-owned subsidiary of MF HK. WFOE Suzhou is a holding company and does not have any operations.
WFOE Zhejiang was incorporated on July 10, 2023 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. WFOE Zhejiang is a limited liability company, and a wholly owned subsidiary of MF HK. WFOE Zhejiang is a holding company has never had any assets or operations.
WFOE Shanghai was incorporated on May 7, 2025 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. WFOE Shanghai is a limited liability company, and a wholly owned subsidiary of MF HK. WFOE Shanghai is a holding company and has never had any assets or operations.
MF Beijing was incorporated on March 27, 2018 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. MF Beijing is a limited liability company. WFOE Beijing, MF Beijing and the then shareholders of MF Beijing entered into a series of contractual agreements, including the Equity Pledge Agreement, Exclusive Call Option Agreement, Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, Business Cooperation Agreement and Consultation and Services Agreement (the “VIE Agreements”). The VIE Agreements established the VIE structure. On February 20, 2022, with approval of WFOE Beijing and approval of the sole executive director of MF Beijing, MF Beijing issued 2.99% equity interest in MF Beijing to a third-party investor. The issuance was completed on February 28, 2022. On February 28, 2022, WFOE Beijing exercised its call option under the Exclusive Call Option Agreements dated August 16, 2021 with certain shareholders of MF Beijing and entered into equity transfer agreements with all the shareholders of MF Beijing to purchase all the equity interest in MF Beijing. On March 3, 2022, WFOE Beijing entered into a termination agreement with MF Beijing that terminated the Business Cooperation Agreement and Consultation and Services Agreement, WFOE Beijing also entered into termination agreements with each shareholder of MF Beijing to terminate the Equity Pledge Agreement, Exclusive Call Option Agreement and Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement. The restructure was completed on March 3, 2022. As a result, MF Beijing became a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE Beijing and the VIE structure was dissolved. On May 21, 2024, WFOE Beijing signed an equity transfer agreement with WFOE Zhejiang, transferring 100% equity of MF Beijing to WFOE Zhejiang.
Jiangsu Jingmo was incorporated on July 9, 2020 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China and was dissolved on July 23, 2025.
Jiangsu YJYC was incorporated on June 29, 2020 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China and was dissolved on December 19, 2024.
RDYJ was incorporated on July 27, 2018 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China and was dissolved on October 28, 2024.
Jiangsu YCHB was incorporated on August 21, 2020 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China and was dissolved on March 1, 2022. Jiangsu YCHB was a limited liability company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of MF Beijing. Jiangsu YCHB has never had any assets or operation.
MF Suzhou was incorporated on December 2, 2022 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. MF Suzhou is a limited liability company, and a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE Suzhou.
JZSC Technology was incorporated on November 6, 2023 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. JZSC Technology is a limited liability company, and a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE Zhejiang.
JCZN Hangzhou was incorporated on May 21, 2025 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. JCZN Hangzhou is a limited liability company, and a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE Shanghai.
JZYH Technology was incorporated on February 25, 2026 under the laws of the People’s Republic of China. JZYH Technology is a limited liability company, and a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE Zhejiang.
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The Restructuring
Prior to the restructure completed in March 2022, WFOE Beijing entered into a series of VIE Agreements with MF Beijing and the shareholders of MF Beijing, which established the VIE structure. The VIE structure was used to provide investors with exposure to foreign investment in China-base companies where Chinese law prohibits direct foreign investments in certain industries.
As a result of the VIE Agreements, WFOE Beijing was regarded as the primary beneficiary of MF Beijing, and we treated MF Beijing and its subsidiaries as the variable interest entities under U.S. GAAP for accounting purposes. We have consolidated the financial results of MF Beijing and its subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
In February 2022, the MF HK, the parent company of WFOE Beijing, decided to dissolve the VIE structure. On February 20, 2022, with approval of WFOE Beijing and approval of the sole executive director of MF Beijing, MF Beijing issued 2.99% equity interest in MF Beijing to a third-party investor. The issuance was completed on February 28, 2022. On February 28, 2022, WFOE Beijing exercised its call option under the Exclusive Call Option Agreements with certain shareholders of MF Beijing and entered into equity transfer agreements with all the shareholders of MF Beijing to purchase all the equity interest in MF Beijing. On March 3, 2022, WFOE Beijing entered into a termination agreement with MF Beijing that terminated the Business Cooperation Agreement and Consultation and Services Agreement, WFOE Beijing also entered into each shareholder of MF Beijing to terminate the Equity Pledge Agreement, Exclusive Call Option Agreement and Shareholders’ Voting Rights Proxy Agreement. The restructure was completed on March 3, 2022. As a result, MF Beijing became a wholly owned subsidiary of WFOE Beijing and the VIE structure is dissolved. The VIE Agreements were terminated. On May 21, 2024, WFOE Beijing signed an equity transfer agreement with WFOE Zhejiang, transferring 100% equity of MF Beijing to WFOE Zhejiang.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive office is located at No.1 Linkong Er Road, Zhongguan Science and Technology Park, Shunyi District, Beijing City, China 101300. The telephone number of our principal executive offices is +86-010-065120297. Our registered office is located at Harneys Fiduciary (Cayman) Limited, 4th Floor, Harbour Place, 103 South Church Street, P.O. Box 10240, Grand Cayman KY1-1002, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service for process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc., located at 122 E 42nd St 18th Fl, New York, NY 10168.
4.B. Business Overview
MF Technology Ltd. was incorporated on June 30, 2021 in the Cayman Islands. We conduct all of our business through MF Beijing, MF Suzhou, Jiangsu Jingmo, Jiangsu YJYC and RDYJ. Since MF Beijing’s establishment in 2018, we focus on providing value-added services using artificial intelligence-driven technology to businesses within the insurance industry, including insurance carriers and brokers.
Through the PRC Operating Entities, our business primarily consists of providing the following four services/products: i) digital promotion services, ii) risk assessment services, iii) value-added bundled benefits, and iv) sales of goods and other services. We help our institutional clients obtain visibility on various social media platforms and generate our revenue based on consumers’ clicks, views or our clients’ promotion time through those channels. We have also developed a unique algorithm and named it the “Magic Mirror” to calculate payout risks for insurance carriers to underwrite auto insurance coverage. Utilizing our proprietary algorithmic model, we are able to generate individualized risk reports based on the vehicle brand, model, travel area, and vehicle age. In turn, we are able to generate revenue based on the number of assessment reports we provide to the insurance carriers. Lastly, to help major insurance carriers or brokers attract their customers, we sell bundled benefits, including car washes, maintenance plans or parking notification, to these carriers, which they may then pass onto their customers for either low or no cost.
In addition to servicing institutional customers, we provide up-to-date insurance-related information to individual consumers through our mini-application embedded in other social media platforms. The information is provided to educate consumers and insurance brokers about the insurance industry, thus helping us build a stronger brand image within the general public.
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At present, our client base consists of more than 300 city-level property and auto insurance carriers nationwide using our products and services to conduct business on a daily basis. Some of our clients include large corporations such as the People’s Insurance Company of China, Dajia Property Insurance Co., Ltd., China Pacific Property Insurance Co., Ltd., China Life Property Insurance Co., Ltd., Yongcheng Property Insurance Co., Ltd., Huatai Insurance Brokers Co., Ltd. With the future digitization of the insurance industry, we expect to have a broader reach within the overall insurance industry, as our business focuses on providing insurance technology solutions to insurance carriers interested in applying artificial intelligence technology and online traffic promotion method in their operation. We believe the future digitization of the insurance industry will create more interest among insurance carriers in using the technology and promotion channels we offer.
Holding Company Structure
MF is a holding company with no material operations of its own. We currently conduct our operations primarily through our PRC Operating Entities. Investors will not and may never directly hold equity interests in the PRC Operating Entities. See “Corporate History and Structure” starting on page 2 of this annual report.
Our Services and Products
We, through the PRC Operating Entities, provide value-added services and products to insurance carriers, so they can better serve their consumers. Through the digital promotion services, risk assessment services, value-added bundled benefits and sales of goods and other services we provide to insurance carriers, we facilitate the business operation and marketing for our insurance carrier clients. In the future, we plan to include retail consumers in our client base.
Digital Promotion Services
We help our institutional clients obtain visibility on various social media platforms and generate our revenue based on consumers’ clicks, views or our clients’ promotion time through those channels. Through the promotional channels, clients can promote brand awareness and their products and services. Using internet public domain traffic and private domain traffic, our promotion services have reached a large number of insurance buyers and connected them with multiple insurance carriers, optimizing insurance advertising efficiency in a cost-efficient way.
We use services and platforms offered by third parties to obtain traffic on certain platforms including online content-based platforms (e.g. Tik-Tok, Kuaishou, etc.) and offline scene marketing platforms. In a typical scenario, we insert the hyperlink of our promotion materials on the website with high traffic, and people browsing the website content will likely click on our hyperlink and read the promotion. Based on our clients’ specification about the promotion content, the expected frequency of clicks and views, our operation staff tracks the work progress and ensure the clients’ standards have been met at the end of each promotion cycle. Our technology team monitors the traffic and analyses the results of each promotion and produces a traffic report to the clients. The clients are able to track the number of clicks and views. We also use popular social media platforms as marketing channels.
As agreed in the promotion agreements we have with our clients, we receive commissions from our clients based on the number of user clicks and the institutional clients’ promotion time on the promotional channels. At the beginning of each month, our clients set the monthly promotion budget and agree with us on the exact promotion orders and promotion content. Our team subsequently works on details of their promotion needs of that specific month. We send the service invoice to our clients in the second half of each month after we receive the confirmation of each month’s promotion effect from our clients. Our clients typically pay at the end of each month. If a delay arises from an audit by a client of a report, payment will arrive at the beginning of the next month. To date, we have had no collection issues.
Risk Assessment Services
We have developed a unique algorithm and named it the “Magic Mirror” to calculate payout risks for insurance carriers to underwrite auto insurance coverage. Utilizing our proprietary algorithmic model, we are able to generate individualized risk reports based on the vehicle brand, model, travel area, and vehicle age. In turn, we are able to generate revenue based on the number of assessment reports we provide to the insurance carriers. Equipped with a calculating formula for insurance carriers to assess the insurance risk attached to individual vehicles and utilizing artificial intelligence (“AI”) and optical character recognition technology, Magic Mirror takes in vehicle information, and produces a detailed individual risk assessment report for each vehicle, including the chances a certain vehicle will be involved in an accident or suffer damage, the chances certain insurance claims will be brought for the vehicle, and an estimate of insurance settlement amount under different auto insurance coverage types. For example, suppose the vehicle is a Ford SUV that has been used for 3 years in Hebei Province, China, Magic Mirror may conclude the risk of a shattered window is 35% and the average settlement is RMB 990 ($154).
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The development of Magic Mirror is based on various sources of information and technology, including the insurance types and rate from major insurance carriers, the public data on Autohome Inc.’s website, the public data of the China Automobile Industry Association and the prices of common vehicle accessories and TensorFlow Python technology. TensorFlow Python is a free and open-source software library for machine learning and artificial intelligence created and released by Google. It can be used to create deep learning models directly. Magic Mirror utilizes TensorFlow Python technology’s machine learning feature that can extrapolate the patterns between vehicle types and the entailed risk from vehicle information such as vehicle accessories, past claim settlement information and the auto insurance type. It strengthens Magic Mirror’s calculating formula and risk assessment function.
Insurance companies purchase this product from us to get a better understanding of the risks entailed with each individual vehicle they plan to insure. This product is especially popular among insurance carriers when insurance carriers are in greater need for predictability in making insurance decisions. Based on the vehicle’s information, including the vehicle type, functions, brand model, new car purchase price, frame number, engine number, seat number, displacement, power, vehicle age, and insurance type, etc., we build our customers predictive models with multi-dimensional, multi-features and the accuracy of the risk assessment results in a visual form as below:
| * | The Xgboost model curve demonstrates the accuracy of Magic Mirror prediction. The dashed line shows any random prediction with a 50% accuracy rate, whereas the solid line shows the accuracy of Magic Mirror, which is about 77.26%. |
Magic Mirror obtains all vehicle information from our clients, the auto insurance carriers. We regularly update the Magic Mirror system based on the information processed within the system, strengthening the efficiency of the AI calculation method, so that the product could continue to provide more accurate reports to our clients.
Value-added Bundled Benefits
We sell value-added bundled benefits to insurance carriers. These benefits comprise regular service codes, which carriers provide to their clients as part of the latter’s service package, as well as vehicle moving notification service codes. Upon presenting the code, vehicle owners are able to use a series of vehicle maintenance services such as car washing, car maintenance, driver services and vehicle moving notification services. We regularly assess the pricing of the services afforded by our service codes and update our service provider partner pool, so that we can consistently offer good services at competitive prices to our clients. Currently, our strategy still focuses on attracting more users by competitively pricing our service codes. Our vehicle moving notification services is a highly innovative design which allows the vehicle owners to receive instant notification no matter where they are or where the vehicles are parked, if for any reason their vehicles need to be moved to a different spot to make way for public convenience or another vehicle owner’s convenience. Vehicle owners possessing the vehicle moving notification code can place the code on their vehicles and receive phone notification without revealing their contact information if their vehicle needs to be moved for public convenience.
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The suppliers of our regular service codes are auto maintenance service code providers who have the capacity to consolidate vehicle maintenance service providers all over China. We procure pre-packaged vehicle maintenance packages at a relatively low price, and then resell the codes to our client, auto insurance carriers. Benefiting from our broad network with vehicle maintenance service providers, we have been able to obtain high-quality vehicle maintenance service packages at competitive prices, therefore maintaining a profit margin for the Company, and a competitive advantage over our competitors. We create the vehicle moving notification service codes on our own and sell them to the insurance carriers directly.
The vehicle maintenance service market in China is largely divided by region. There are relatively few vehicle service companies that offer nationally available vehicle maintenance services, and those who offer such service scale are mainly located in first tier cities. The service codes we sell to insurance carriers afford vehicle owners maintenance services all over the country. We believe this feature makes our service codes more attractive to both insurance carriers who purchase our codes and vehicle owners who use the service attached to the codes.
Free Information on Website and Mini-programs
We maintain a free informational mini program within WeChat called “Wowobaodian”. This product mainly serves as an insurance brokers’ professional development tool. Our editorial team regularly authors and posts articles about cutting-edge insurance industry trends, insurance-related knowledge and most recent insurance policies within this mini program. The materials are in the form of articles, pictures and videos. Equipped with the ability to mine WeChat Moments contacts and efficiently reach prospective insurance buyers, this product has seen rapidly expanding customer base since its launch.
Prospective users can access the mini program by searching “Wowobaodian” mini program through WeChat, or clicking on the “Wowobaodian” card link shared by other users. Using Wowobaodian does not require user registration and is free of charge. This mini program has attracted a large number of insurance brokers that benefit from learning from our materials and sharing them with family and friends to achieve broader exposure to their prospective clients. On the other hand, having a large group of active insurance brokers on our mini program increases our leverage during the negotiation with our institutional clients and thus eases our communication process with those clients.
Our mini program is highly specialized in the vehicle insurance industry. We do not believe there is currently any other service provider who operates a similar informational platform that focuses on auto insurance industry. Therefore, we believe our mini program has a competitive advantage and is a pioneer of the information platform related to the auto insurance industry.
Sales Of Goods and Other Services
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026, the Company engaged in the sale of incense product gift sets and the provision of consulting services. The transactions were one-time and non-recurring and did not constitute part of the Company’s ordinary and continuing principal business operations. As of the date hereof, the Company has no plans to engage in similar businesses in the future.
Upcoming New Business Initiative
In the upcoming year, we plan to undergo a strategic transformation in our business to focus on the specialized application of embodied intelligence in industrial manufacturing, integrating robot hardware, AI models, and scenario data to build full-stack industrial agents covering perception, reasoning, decision-making, and execution, and to drive production lines in automotive manufacturing, new energy, aerospace, and other fields toward unmanned, intelligent, and autonomous operation.
In a manufacturing scenario, we integrate the “eyes” (multimodal perception), “hands” (robot hardware and execution equipment), and “brain” (foundation models and task-level agents) into an agent capable of continuously performing work on a real production line, making embodied intelligence a productive force driving industrial manufacturing production lines toward unmanned, intelligent, and autonomous operation.
We have selected the new energy industry, specifically power battery manufacturing and energy storage system operations and maintenance, as our first key market to apply the embodied intelligence. We are currently at the commercial validation stage and are advancing our initial pilot projects. We have not generated revenue at scale. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business — Potential strategic investments, acquisitions or new business initiatives may disrupt our ability to manage our business effectively.”
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Physical AI Agent
Our Physical AI agent is built on three layers and a feedback loop. The perception layer understands the environment through multimodal data (visual, force, and thermal). The decision layer handles task planning and exception assessment using scene models, world models, and digital twins. The execution layer coordinates multiple devices. The feedback loop uses execution results to recalibrate models and refine policies. Our business model contemplates three service lines:
| ● | Physical AI Agent Delivery – We model the target scenario, define task boundaries and ROI, collect multimodal data, and train agents in simulation before simulation-to-reality validation, edge deployment, and acceptance. Payment is made in installments against four milestones, based on quantitative acceptance criteria agreed with each customer, such as task success rate, detection accuracy, yield, system availability, and cycle time. Pricing is currently based on project scale and engineering input. |
| ● | Production Operations and Performance-Based Revenue Sharing – After go-live, we operate and maintain the agent under an operations services agreement. We monitor performance, update policies as operating conditions change, and settle monthly based on operating data. Fees consist of performance-based revenue sharing and operations and maintenance fees, which are charged by the hour or by token. |
| ● | Physical AI Asset Licensing – As part of our long-term growth plan, we intend to license reusable Physical AI assets accumulated through delivery and operations as standardized capability packages. These assets include action policies, synthetic training data, digital-twin scenario libraries, and evaluation benchmarks. They do not include customer proprietary data. Customer raw data is subject to tiered authorization, isolated storage, and de-identification, and we do not share it with third parties without the customer’s express authorization. We have not entered into any licensing agreements to date. |
We target two customer groups: industrial manufacturers that lack integrated capabilities to adopt embodied intelligence, and robotics and AI vendors that need real-world scenario data, evaluation benchmarks, and access to industrial deployments. For manufacturers, we seek to reduce costly on-site trial and error, increase production efficiency, improve yield and safety, and lower long-term maintenance costs.
Development Status and Intellectual Property
We have internally validated, in laboratory and simulation environments, motion-skill acquisition from human demonstration videos and dynamic target following. These capabilities have not yet operated continuously in customer production environments. We have filed two PRC invention patent applications relating to motion generation and control for humanoid robots in production-line settings. Both are under examination and have not been granted. We use Unitree robots purchased under standard purchase contracts, access large language models from providers such as Zhipu and DeepSeek through their official APIs, and use open-source software (including ROS 2, NVIDIA Isaac Sim, and MuJoCo) under the applicable licenses.
Our Customers and Suppliers
Our customers are well-known insurance carriers and insurance intermediaries in China. At present, we have established cooperation with more than 300 city-level property and casualty insurance carriers across the country, including the People’s Insurance Company of China, Dajia Property Insurance Co., Ltd., China Pacific Property Insurance Co., Ltd., China Life Property Insurance Co., Ltd., Yongcheng Property Insurance Co., Ltd., and Huatai Insurance Brokers Co., Ltd., etc.
For the year ended June 30, 2026, we have one customer that accounted for more than 10% of total revenues, and such customer accounted for 69.7% of the Company’s total revenues. For the year ended June 30, 2025, we have one customer that accounted for more than 10% of total revenues, and such customer accounted for 37.9% of the Company’s total revenues. No customer individually represents greater than 10.0% of total revenues of the Company for the year ended June 30, 2024.
As of June 30, 2026, one customer accounted for 99.4% of the total balance of accounts receivable. As of June 30, 2025, two customers accounted for 42.2% and 16.5% of the total balance of accounts receivable respectively. As of June 30, 2024, two customers accounted for 19.2% and 18.6% of the total balance of accounts receivable respectively.
Currently, our suppliers mainly consist of internet technology companies in China. Our suppliers are divided into four categories: 1) Promotion traffic suppliers; 2) vehicle maintenance service code providers; 3) Technology development suppliers; and 4) Information operators. The promotion traffic suppliers represent the majority of our suppliers based on the cost of our suppliers. Among the promotion traffic suppliers, we use both online content platforms and offline scene marketing platforms. We constantly adjust our supplier pool to optimize our procurement cost.
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For the year ended June 30, 2026, two suppliers accounted for 68.7% and 14.6% of the Company’s total purchases, respectively. For the year ended June 30, 2025, three suppliers accounted for 25.4%, 18.3%, and 11.5% of the Company’s total purchases. For the year ended June 30, 2024, two suppliers accounted for 23.1% and 12.4% of the Company’s total purchases. As of June 30, 2026, one suppliers accounted for 100.0% of the total balance of accounts payable. As of June 30, 2025, two suppliers accounted for 69.4% and 26.0% of the total balance of accounts payable. As of June 30, 2024, four suppliers accounted for 32.2%, 26.5%, 19.2% and, 18.9% of the total balance of accounts payable.
We enter into supply contracts with our suppliers. A typical supplier agreement lasts for one year with the automatic option to extend by another year absent either party’s objection. Both parties have the right to terminate the agreement upon notifying the other party in advance. The supplier provides business support and information consultation services and charges us a service fee and management fee either monthly or on an agreed-upon date. Both parties bear responsibilities to keep the business information confidential. The supplier agreements are governed by the law of PRC.
We will diversify our pool of suppliers as we develop our business to reduce the risk of our dependence on our major suppliers.
Sales and Marketing
Currently, through the PRC Operating Entities, our marketing team conducts promotion offline by reaching out to auto insurance carriers by region.
By promoting our brand and services, we aim to attract more individual clients we can promote directly without going through third party traffic suppliers. For institutional clients, we will build a capable and resourceful sales team and send the team to communicate with our potential institutional clients. For individual clients, who are mostly insurance brokers, we will use both online and offline scene marketing, where we will partner with automakers, auto distributors and online social media platforms.
Our Growth Strategy
Enhance our Digital Promotion Service
Currently, we are still at an early stage in our digital promotion services. We plan to enhance our marketing team and hire more well-connected marketing managers in the industry, who will help us reach more institutional clients that are interested in using our promotion services.
We plan to also diversify our internet marketing channels to reach more potential users by expanding our current promotion channels from online only to online and offline. To build the offline channels, we plan to cooperate with vehicle manufactures and sellers. To expand online channels, we plan to partner with popular social platforms including Tik-Tok, Weibo, Baidu and Kuaishou to promote our clients’ insurance products.
Improving the Content Quality of Wowobaodian
We plan to further upgrade Wowobaodian by enriching its contents and functions in order to grow our user base, and continue to diversify and optimize our product content to enhance the user experience. Currently, the content we create on Wowobaodian is mainly in the form of articles and pictures. To better adapt to the user needs, we will add more video-based content to educate Wowobaodian users. For example, we will design tutorial videos catering to insurance brokers to help them build their professional images. This video series will likely become the first set of paid content we create for our Wowobaodian users.
Meanwhile, we plan to make the user experience on Wowobaodian more fun and easier to share. For example, currently we are testing an interactive product on Wowobaodian that will change the traditional one-way information input mode commonly seen on similar mini programs. This interactive product allows individual users to produce and share original content on our mini program so that our users will have the opportunity to adopt dual roles as readers and producers. During the testing stage, we will keep the uploading access open to all users, and then our quality control team will review the uploaded materials and select qualified materials to post on the program. In the long term, we anticipate discovering users with high quality output and further engaging with them.
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Strengthen our Partnership with Insurance Carriers and Insurance Intermediaries
We will continue to strengthen our existing service scope and introduce new high-quality services to create more value for our institutional customers. We plan to extend our outreach to downstream insurance carriers to strengthen pricing and customization of insurance products. Our priority is to recruit more talent in the insurance actuarial field in order to perfect the AI calculation within the Magic Mirror system, so we can better serve our institutional clients by providing a more accurate pricing formula for their business.
Currently, we assist our clients with their insurance claim risk assessment using the Magic Mirror formula. In the future, we plan to expand our current business scale and move our focus toward insurance service marketing and apply our technology services in that field.
Increasing our Technology Capabilities
We will continue to develop our AI and big data capabilities, including our core technical capabilities, data processing technology and machine learning algorithms in order to strengthen the data mining and analysis capabilities of Magic Mirror. We plan to enhance our ability to provide solutions that cater to the needs of customers to help customers better achieve marketing promotion and consumer monetization capabilities. We will keep updating the core technologies of the Magic Mirror to satisfy our customers’ needs.
Expand the Service Scope
We plan to expand our current service scope into the life insurance and health insurance industry. We will reach out to prospective institutional clients in the health insurance industry as well as discover individual clients, aiming to cover the whole spectrum of the health insurance market. Our first step is to recruit more well-connected and knowledgeable staff with extensive experience in the health insurance industry for our promotion services and the Wowobaodian mini program, so that we can keep up the quality of our output to users of Wowobaodian and reach institutional clients in the health industry field. In the future, we plan to establish a separate department focusing on health insurance clients.
According to our research, short-term health insurance is comparable to property insurance in terms of the insurance sales tactics, insurance institutions’ marketing efforts and development stage, and insurance buyers’ purchasing habits. We plan to take advantage of our current vehicle insurance expertise and expand directly into the short-term health insurance field. Long term health insurance requires more complicated management and the business operates very differently from vehicle insurance. It operates on various long term insurance contracts that involve more difficult decisions in terms of purchase price and coverage. Our initial strategy will include conducting more industry research and focusing on knowledge output. Gradually we plan to develop a business model that is profitable and sustainable.
Develop Overseas Markets
We plan to expand our technology to conduct business in Southeast Asia and other international markets, and provide overseas customers with online growth strategies. We believe that our advanced technology, products and content, and operating model should make us competitive in many overseas markets as well as domestic markets. The Southeast Asia market has great potential evidenced by fast industry growth. We anticipate that our experience in building our business operations in China will be greatly helpful to our business expansion into Southeast Asia.
Currently, we are recruiting new graduates who are familiar with the various Southeast Asian languages and business cultures to build an international business development team. This team will contact local insurance institutions initially and familiarize themselves with local insurance regulations. Our plan is to initiate our operations in Vietnam and Indonesia next year and we anticipate achieving profitability in those regions in two years.
Complete Commercial Validation in a Single Industry
We plan to concentrate our resources on one to three high-value tasks in power battery manufacturing, such as battery pack assembly and inspection and industrial agent applications on production lines, rather than spreading across multiple industries. Completing paid, acceptance-tested validations and developing benchmark cases is our primary operating focus at this stage. We intend to perform ROI calculations upfront and to include quantitative acceptance criteria and clear exit conditions in our contracts, so that we avoid pilots that cannot transition to production.
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Expand Within Existing Customers and Along Process Objects
After a workstation is successfully validated, we plan to first replicate within the same customer, from a single workstation to an entire production line, and from a single line to multiple production bases. Leading battery manufacturers typically operate dozens of similar production lines, and we expect replication to require significantly less incremental engineering investment than the initial delivery. As deployments expand, we expect operating revenue and annual value per customer to grow with the number of deployed nodes. Beyond existing customers, our capabilities are designed to be reused along process objects rather than industry boundaries. Once our battery-manufacturing capabilities mature, we intend to enter, in sequence, (i) new energy vehicle battery-pack final assembly and end-of-line inspection, and cell and module operations and maintenance at energy storage power stations; (ii) aerospace onboard power supplies and eVTOL power battery production lines; and (iii) other manufacturing fields involving different process objects. In those other fields, our layered architecture, task-definition methods, and acceptance system can be carried over, although the process-knowledge layer must be rebuilt. We will use cross-scenario reuse success rates and marginal delivery cost to decide when to enter each new phase.
Productize Capabilities for Platform-Level Revenue
We plan to codify high-frequency tasks into standardized capability packages, evaluation benchmarks, and data products, and to license them through standardized interfaces. Deliverables may consist of a single capability package, such as material picking, or a combination covering multiple processes, such as material picking, wire harness insertion, and film application, based on each customer’s production-line requirements. As the number of licensees grows, we expect recurring revenue and gross margin to increase and our business to evolve from a project-based model toward a platform-based model.
Build ecosystem and channel partnerships
We plan to establish joint-solution and channel partnerships with robot hardware manufacturers, foundation-model companies, and automation systems integrators. These partners’ hardware and algorithms would broaden our solution coverage, while our scenario data and delivery capabilities would give them access to industrial customers, with the aim of reducing customer-acquisition costs for both sides
Competitive Advantages
Through the PRC Operating Entities, we are committed to optimizing matching internet platform advertising strategies with insurance customers through the use of the internet, AI tools and big data. We believe we are one of the pioneers in the insurance technology industry that mainly serves auto insurance carriers. Our major competitors are mainly involved in helping insurance carriers acquire more clients or with insurance carriers’ policy issuing process, whereas we much more rely on internet technology and online traffic promoting. Our goal is to become the largest business platform serving both insurance brokers and insurance carriers, helping insurance carriers transform their promotion means from traditional offline channels to online channels.
We believe that we have some competitive advantages, which will enable us to maintain and further improve our industry market position in the national market. Our competitive advantages include:
Experienced and Visionary Management Team
Our management team has extensive experience in the insurance industry and the internet industry. For example, Our CEO, Jian Chen used to work at China’s first-tier Internet companies, including Qunar.com and Autohome Inc., where he was responsible for product and operation management. Mr. Chen built the vehicle owner service department at Autohome Inc. and built a vehicle owner service platform with more than 100 million registered users.
Our managers have sharp business judgment, execution power and a keen eye on the future development trend of the industry. We have also cultivated a corporate culture that inspires insurance consumers to appreciate and understand all aspects of insurance products. We believe this culture is the foundation of innovative business models for our industry.
In addition, with respect to our new business venture, our core team has experience in AI application development, data productization, and industrial services. Members of the team have led the development of industry platforms and AI data products and have served hundreds of enterprise customers, using ROI analysis and phased acceptance to address implementation risk. We are recruiting talent in robot systems engineering, automation control, and industrial site management, and we are building an industry-advisor network in new energy manufacturing.
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Market Promotion Advantage
We analyze user needs, behaviors, patterns and preferences to develop data-driven personalized content and service ranges. We have an accurate match between the insurance company clients and the insurance buyers and often successfully match the two groups based on each other’s unique needs.
In terms of marketing and promotion, we collect and study website user browsing behavior, browsing scenes and other data to achieve precise docking. We strive to match advertising strategies with insurance customers, improve marketing efficiency, and reduce the cost of marketing and promotion. We have designed multiple approaches for our market promotion business through website data analysis, including website visitation time span and visitor clicks tracking.
Technology Advantages
We have an advanced position in terms of our technology team qualification, the depth of our use of technology as well as our research and development investment. We use AI and big data as the technical foundation and pursue a user-oriented strategy. Our deep industry knowledge in algorithms and marketing insights provide us with substantial AI capabilities. We have developed and are constantly optimizing the AI-based Magic Mirror, which effectively collects user behavior information and analyzes a large amount of data from multiple sources throughout our entire content generation system.
In addition to the Magic Mirror system, we plan to come up with more digital products that serve our institutional clients. For example, with our own AI algorithm, we can accurately predict the future probability of compensation and the rough amount of damage compensation for the specific vehicle. As a result, we can help insurance carriers provide precise risk control measures to reduce the insurance company’s operating risks and business losses.
High Quality Content on Wowobaodian
Our editorial team consists of experienced staff with years of experience in the insurance industry. The team has up-to-date knowledge and caters to our readers’ needs timely. Our authors are professionals who have experience in running sizable platforms and internet technology companies, such as Qunaer.com, Meituan.com, JD.com and Autohome Inc.
We have high standard in our recruitment and aim to build a diverse and multi-talented team that is able to generate up-to-date industry materials in multiple forms, including articles, audios and videos. Meanwhile, we are careful in providing insights about most recent industry policies. Given that regulations over the insurance industry in China are strict and intricate, our editorial team also offers detailed policy analysis and apply their professional experience and knowledge in our articles.
Proprietary Scenario Data Assets
Each delivery allows us to accumulate real-world scenario data, including successful and failed cases, boundary conditions, task trajectories, and exception-handling records. After structured processing, we use this data for training optimization, simulation calibration, and evaluation benchmark development. This data cannot be obtained through public channels or laboratory environments and can only be accumulated project by project at real production sites. We believe that, as it grows with delivery volume, it will become a meaningful barrier to entry.
Differentiated position in the industry chain
Robot hardware manufacturers have strong hardware capabilities and brands but generally lack cross-industry data and scenario-adaptation experience. AI model companies have strong algorithmic capabilities but generally do not provide on-site engineering or long-term operations. Traditional systems integrators have industry relationships and on-site engineering capabilities but generally lack data engineering, simulation training, and capability assetization. Cloud and platform providers offer broad infrastructure but do not perform on-site deployment or industry operations. We position ourselves to fill this gap. We do not compete with hardware or model vendors; we help their products enter and perform in real production environments.
Operating leverage from capability accumulation
We expect capability accumulation to create leverage at three levels. For delivery, scenario models, action policies, and evaluation benchmarks can be reused across projects, which we expect to shorten deployment cycles. For customers, operating revenue grows with the number of deployed nodes as deployments expand from a single workstation to multiple production lines. For revenue, we expect recurring operating and licensing revenue to grow as a share of total revenue, improving predictability and gross margin.
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Recent Developments
Unless otherwise stated, references to share and per share data of described in section “Recent Development” before the subsection “The 2026 Reverse Share Split” have not been adjusted to give effect to the 2026 Reverse Share Split.
Change of Management
On July 21, 2025, Enze Liang tendered his resignation as a director and the Chair of Audit Committee, a member of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and a member of Compensation Committee of the Company. Effective on July 21, 2023, the Board appointed Xu Xie as a director and the Chair of Audit Committee, a member of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and a member of Compensation Committee.
On June 30, 2025, Kongfei Hu tendered his resignation as a director and the Chair of Compensation Committee, a member of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and a member of Audit Committee of the “Company. Effective June 30, 2025, the Board appointed Shaolan Ma as a director and the Chair of Compensation Committee, and a member of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and a member of Audit Committee.
On May 19, 2025, Danning Wang tendered her resignation as a director and the Chair of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, a member of Compensation Committee and a member of Audit Committee of the Company. Effective May 19, 2025, the Board appointed Da Yang as a director and the Chair of Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, a member of Compensation Committee and a member of Audit Committee of the Company, effective May 19, 2025.
On September 2, 2025, Mingfei Liu tendered his resignation as the Chief Operating Officer of the Company, effective immediately. The Company did not pursue a replacement for Mingfei Liu.
Increase of Share Capital and Reverse Share Split
The Company held an annual general meeting of shareholders on October 24, 2024, during which the shareholders adopted resolutions approving (i) an increase the Company’s authorized share capital from US$ 50,000.00 divided into 500,000,000 ordinary shares of par value US$ 0.0001 each to US$ 1,000,000.00 divided into 10,000,000,000 ordinary shares of par value US$ 0.0001 each, by the creation of additional 9,500,000,000 ordinary shares of par value US$ 0.0001 each to rank pari passu in all respects with the existing shares in the capital of the Company (the “Share Capital Increase”), and (ii) a share consolidation at a ratio of not less than one (1) for five (5) and not more than one (1) for twenty (20) of the Company’s issued and outstanding ordinary shares, as well as the number of authorized ordinary shares. On November 2, 2024, the board of directors of the Company approved a revere share split at a ratio of one (1) for sixteen (16). Our ordinary shares began trading on an adjusted basis, reflecting the 2024 Reverse Share Split, on November 27, 2024, under the ticker symbol “UBXG.” As a result, the Company’s authorized share capital is US$1,000,000 and is divided into: 625,000,000 ordinary shares of par value of US$0.0016 each.
Private Placement completed in November 2024
On November 28, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with several investors for a private placement (“November 2024 Offering”) of (i) 1,425,000 ordinary shares (the “Shares”), par value $0.0016 per share, and (ii) 4,275,000 warrants, each to initially purchase one ordinary share (the “November 2024 Warrants”), for a gross proceeds of $5.7 million (assuming the November 2024 Warrants are not exercised). Each Warrant has an initial exercise price of $4.00 per ordinary shares, subject to reset and adjustment as discussed below. On the seventh (7th) calendar days after the closing of the November 2024 Offering, the exercise price of the November 2024 Warrants was reset to $0.80, which is 20% of Nasdaq Minimum Price of the Company’s ordinary shares , rounding up to the nearest first decimal place, determined on the date of the securities purchase agreement. In addition, upon such reset of the exercise price, the number of ordinary shares underlying the November 2024 Warrants (the “Warrant Shares”) issuable immediately prior to such reset was adjusted to 21,375,000 ordinary shares, which was determined by multiplying the initial exercise price by the number of Warrant Shares acquirable upon exercise of the November 2024 Warrants immediately prior to such reset and dividing the product thereof by the exercise price resulting from such reset.
The Company has also entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with the Purchases and agreed to file with the SEC a registration statement covering the resale of the Shares, the November 2024 Warrants and the Warrant Shares.
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Mr. Jian Chen, the Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Company, participated in the November 2024 Offering and purchased 525,000 Shares and 1,575,000 November 2024 Warrants at the Offering Price. The transaction was negotiated at arm’s length. Mr. Chen’s investment were approved by the shareholders at the annual meeting of shareholders of the Company held on October 24, 2024 and by the Board of Directors on November 28, 2024.
The Company issued the Shares and November 2024 Warrants and the November 2024 Offering closed on November 28, 2024. The securities sold in the November 2024 Offering were sold pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act, and Regulation S promulgated thereunder. The purchasers represented that they were not residents of the United States or “U.S. persons” as defined in Rule 902(k) of Regulation S and were not acquiring the Shares or November 2024 Warrants for the account or benefit of any U.S. person. The Shares, the November 2024 Warrants and the Warrant Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold in the United States in the absence of an effective registration statement or an exemption from the registration requirements.
In March and April 2025, the holders exercised the November 2024 Warrants in full through a cashless exercise option, and the Company issued 17,398,535 Warrant Shares. 6,409,884 of the Warrant Shares were issued pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirement under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Regulation S promogulated thereunder. 10,988,651 of the Warrant Shares were issued pursuant to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-284216) initially filed by the Company on January 10, 2025 and declared effective on March 12, 2025.
Adoption and Implementation of Employee Stock Incentive Plan
On July 29, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an adopted an equity incentive plan (the “2025 Equity Incentive Plan”), which became effective on July 29, 2025. The 2025 Equity Incentive Plan consists of 9,500,000 ordinary shares, $0.0016 par value. In August 25, 2025, the Company issued 9,500,000 ordinary shares pursuant to the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan.
Further Increase of Share Capital and Dual Class Redesignation
On November 4, 2025, the Company held its annual general meeting of shareholders (the “2025 AGM”), to which the shareholders voted and approved of the following: (i) an increase of the Company’s authorized share capital from USD 1,000,000.00 divided into 625,000,000 ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each to USD 250,000,000.00 divided into 156,250,000,000 ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each by the creation of additional 155,625,000,000 ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each to rank pari passu in all respects with the existing shares in the capital of the Company (the “Share Capital Increase”); and (ii) the redesignation of all of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each in the capital of the Company into Class A ordinary shares of USD 0.0016 par value each, each having identical rights as the existing ordinary shares with one (1) vote per share on a one for one basis, the redesignation of 5,000,000,000 authorized but unissued ordinary shares into 5,000,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each, each having 20 votes per share on a one for one basis, and the redesignation of the remaining authorized but unissued ordinary shares into Class A ordinary shares on a one for one basis, (the redesignations above are collectively referred to as the “Variation of Share Capital”) such that immediately following the Variation of Share Capital, the authorized share capital of the Company shall be changed from USD 250,000,000.00 divided into 156,250,000,000 ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each, to USD 250,000,000.00 divided into 151,250,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each and 5,000,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of par value USD 0.0016 each.
Registered Direct Offering Completed in April 2026
On April 27, 2026, we entered into certain securities purchase agreements with the investors named therein, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, on a “best-efforts” basis (the “April 2026 Offering”), 15,166,668 units (the “Units”), each Unit consisting of (i) one Class A ordinary share, par value $0.0016 per share, and (ii) one warrant (each, a “April 2026 Warrant”) to purchase 0.3 of a Class A ordinary share at an exercise price of $0.30 per Class A ordinary share.
The April 2026 Warrants include a “Zero Exercise Price Option”, an alternative cashless exercise mechanism, in lieu of paying the cash exercise price, that permits holders to receive 0.3 Class A ordinary share per April 2026 Warrant for no additional consideration, subject to a cap that the maximum aggregate number of Class A ordinary shares which may be issued upon exercise of all April 2026 Warrants (including pursuant to the Zero Exercise Price Option) equal to 30% of the total Shares sold in the April 2026 Offering (plus any shares resulting from rounding up fractional shares) (the “Warrant Cap”). Once the Warrant Cap is reached, no further April 2026 Warrants may be exercised, and any unexercised April 2026 Warrants will terminate and become void. The Units were sold at an offering price of $0.30 per Unit. The April 2026 Warrants are immediately exercisable and expire on the one-year anniversary of the issuance date.
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The Company received gross proceeds of approximately $4.55 million from the April 2026 Offering, before deducting placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the April 2026 Offering for working capital, research and development, and general corporate purposes. The April 2026 Offering closed on April 28, 2026.
The securities in the April 2026 Offering were offered pursuant to a “shelf” registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-291797) previously filed with the SEC and declared effective on December 15, 2025. The Offering was made only by means of a prospectus that forms a part of such registration statement.
In connection with the Offering, the Company entered into a placement agency agreement dated April 27, 2026, with FT Global Capital, Inc. (“FT Global”), pursuant to which FT Global acted as the “best efforts” lead placement agent for the April 2026 Offering.
The holders have exercised the April 2026 Warrants in full through the Zero Exercise Price Option and the Company issued an aggregate of 1,820,000 Class A ordinary shares prior to June 30, 2026, and 2,730,002 Class A ordinary shares as of the date of this annual report, adjusted to give effect to the 2026 Reverse Share Split.
The 2026 Reverse Share Split
At the 2025 AGM, the shareholders also voted and approved of a share consolidation of the Company’s issued and unissued ordinary shares (including Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares, if any) at a ratio of not less than one (1)-for-two (2) and not more than one (1)-for-two hundred and fifty (250) (the “Range”), with the exact ratio to be set at a whole number within the Range and the exact date to be determined by the Board of directors of the Company.
On May 12, 2026, the Board approved a reverse share split of the Company’s outstanding Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares at a ratio of one-for-twenty-five (1-for-25), effective on May 22, 2026, pursuant to which every twenty five (25) issued and outstanding Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0016 per share, of the Company were combined into one (1) Class A ordinary share, par value $0.04 per share, and every twenty five (25) issued and outstanding Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0016 per share, of the Company were combined into one (1) Class B ordinary share, par value $0.04 per share. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the 2026 Reverse Share Split. Instead, the Company issued one full post-2026 Reverse Share Split Ordinary Share to any shareholder who would have been entitled to receive a fractional share as a result of the process. The 2026 Reverse Share Split reduced the number of outstanding Class A ordinary shares of the Company from approximately 38 million to approximately 1.5 million. The par value of the Ordinary Shares were increased in proportion to the ratio of the 2026 Reverse Share Split to $0.04 per share and the number of authorized ordinary shares will be reduced in proportion to the ratio of the 2026 Reverse Share Split to 6,050,000,000 Class A ordinary shares and 200,000,000 Class B ordinary shares.
Name Change
At the 2025 AGM, the shareholders also voted and approved of a change of the name of the Company (the “Name Change”) from “U-BX Technology Ltd.” to “MindForge Inc.” On July 10, 2026, the Board approved the implementation of the Name Change, which became effective on July 15, 2026.
On August 3, 2026, upon approval by the directors, “Snailinsur Group Limited” changed its name to “MF Group Limited”.
New Business Initiative
We plan to commence a new business initiative focused on applying embodied intelligence to industrial manufacturing. Embodied intelligence refers to AI systems that perceive, reason about, and act in the physical world through robots and other equipment. We conduct the initiative through JZSC Technology. Through this initiative, we plan to integrate third-party robot hardware, multimodal perception systems, and AI models into task-specific “Physical AI agents” designed to operate on real production lines.
We expect to generate revenue from three sources:
| ● | project-based delivery of Physical AI agents, with milestone payments tied to quantitative acceptance criteria agreed with each customer; |
| ● | ongoing operations and maintenance of deployed agents, compensated through performance-based revenue sharing and service fees; and |
| ● | over the longer term, licensing of reusable data, models, and evaluation tools developed through our projects, which will not include customer proprietary data. |
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Our initial focus is power battery manufacturing and energy storage system operations and maintenance. Over time, we intend to expand into adjacent battery-related applications and other manufacturing fields. We have filed two PRC invention patent applications relating to motion generation and control for humanoid robots, both of which remain under examination.
This initiative is at an early stage. We have not generated revenue at scale. We are currently conducting on-site research and feasibility assessments with potential customers. We have not entered into any paid pilot or commercial agreements for the initiative and have not generated revenue from it. Our capabilities have been validated only in laboratory and simulation environments, and there can be no assurance that the initiative will be commercially successful. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business — Potential strategic investments, acquisitions or new business initiatives may disrupt our ability to manage our business effectively.”
4.C. Organizational structure.
The following is a list of our subsidiaries as of the date of this annual report.
| Name of Subsidiary | Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization | |
| MF Group Limited | Hong Kong | |
| Beijing Lianghua Technology Co., Limited | People’s Republic of China | |
| Suzhou Lianghua Digital Technology Co., Limited | People’s Republic of China | |
| Zhejiang JZSC Enterprise Management Co., Ltd | People’s Republic of China | |
| Shanghai ZLQX Technology Service Co., Ltd | People’s Republic of China | |
| Zhejiang Decision Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. | People’s Republic of China | |
| Zhejiang JZSC Technology Co., Ltd | People’s Republic of China | |
| Suzhou Youjiayoubao Technology Co., Limited | People’s Republic of China | |
| Youjiayoubao (Beijing) Technology Co., Limited | People’s Republic of China | |
| Hangzhou JZYH Technology Co., Ltd | People’s Republic of China |
4.D. Property, Plant and Equipment
Facilities
Our Company is headquartered in No.1 Linkong Er Road, Shunyi Garden, Zhongguan Technology Park, Shunyi District, Beijing, China Our business registration address is also located here. covering an area of 1,000 square feet. The lease term was from April 15, 2021 to April 15, 2027. Due to the favorable policy support from the local government, we receive a subsidy for renting the location and we are not required to pay any rent. We benefit from the local policies that support business development by receiving a subsidy for renting the location; as a result, we are able to keep this location free of charge.
Our Company has also entered into a project cooperation agreement with a counterparty in connection with the project of Zhejiang University Alumni Enterprise Headquarters Economic Park. The purchased property is Lot Yu Zheng Gong Chu [2020] No. 16 (Lot No. 178-3, Block D), Building D2-2#, which covers an area of approximately 16585.46 square feet (1,540.84 square meters). We have paid the full consideration but have not yet executed the formal real estate transfer agreement or obtained the real estate ownership certificate of the property. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry — We have entered into a project cooperation agreement, which is in substance a real estate purchase arrangement for a property in Hangzhou, and paid the full consideration, but have not obtained the real estate ownership certificate.”
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Intellectual Property
We rely on trademarks, software copyrights and know-how, as well as contractual restrictions on information disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights. We have signed relevant confidentiality agreements or clauses with our employees, certain customers and suppliers. We rely on such confidentiality agreements or clauses and other protections of our technical knowledge to maintain our technological advantages in products and designs.
Protecting our intellectual property is a strategic focus of our business. We do not rely on intellectual property rights authorized by third parties for our business operation.
As of the date of this annual report, MF has 3 registered trademarks, 9 registered domain names, and 2 unissued software copyrights.
Copyright
| Copyright Number | Issue Date | Category | Copyright Name | Jurisdiction | Status | |||||
| 2021SR0970648 | 2021/06/30 | Software | Youjia Insurance Quick Order System V1.0 | PRC | Pending review | |||||
| 2021SR905368 | 2021/06/17 | Software | Youjia Insurance Merchant System V1.0. | PRC | Pending review |
Trademarks
We own the following trademark:
Trademark Number |
File Date | Issue Date | Expiration Date |
Trademark Name |
Jurisdiction | Owner | Class | |||||||
| 34109461 | 2019/06/14 | 2019/06/14 | 2029/06/13 |  |
PRC | MF Beijing | 42 | |||||||
| 86710367 | 2026/3/7 | 2026/3/7 | 2036/3/6 |  |
PRC | JZSC Technology | 42 | |||||||
| 87581066 | 2026/3/21 | 2026/3/21 | 2036/3/20 |  |
PRC | JZSC Technology | 35 |
Domain
MF Beijing and its subsidiaries have the right to use the following domain registration issued in the PRC:
| Number | Issue Date | Expiration Date | Registration Agency | Domain Name | Owner | |||||
| 1 | 2016/03/23 | 2028/03/23 | Alibaba Cloud Computing (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | u-bx.com | MF Beijing | |||||
| 2 | 2016/03/23 | 2028/03/23 | Alibaba Cloud Computing (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | Youjiabaoxian.com | MF Beijing | |||||
| 3 | 2018/03/12 | 2028/03/12 | Alibaba Cloud Computing (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | Youjiayoubao.cn | MF Beijing | |||||
| 4 | 2018/03/12 | 2028/03/12 | Alibaba Cloud Computing (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | Youjiayoubao.com | MF Beijing | |||||
| 5 | 2019/11/28 | 2027/11/28 | Alibaba Cloud Computing (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | Ufukuan.com | MF Suzhou | |||||
| 6 | 2019/11/28 | 2027/11/28 | Alibaba Cloud Computing (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | Youfukuan.com | MF Suzhou | |||||
| 7 | 2018/08/22 | 2028/08/22 | Alibaba Cloud Computing (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | Chongv.cn | JCZN Hangzhou | |||||
| 8 | 2019/11/28 | 2027/11/28 | Alibaba Cloud Computing (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | Youfukuan.cn | MF Suzhou | |||||
| 9 | 2023/06/10 | 2028/06/10 | Alibaba Cloud Computing (Beijing) Co., Ltd. | Feisu.chat | JZSC Technology |
We are planning to apply for both software copyright protection and patent protection for our Magic Mirror system and its auto insurance risk calculating formula, which is the main value of Magic Mirror system.
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Item 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Regulation
Regulations on Foreign Investment in China
The establishment, operation and management of companies in China are governed by the PRC Company Law, as amended in 2005, 2013 and 2018. The PRC Company Law applies to both PRC domestic companies and foreign-invested companies. The direct or indirect investment activities of a foreign investor shall be governed by the PRC Foreign Investment Law and its implementation rules. The PRC Foreign Investment Law is promulgated by the National People’s Congress on March 15, 2019, and has taken effect since January 1, 2020, which replaced the PRC Equity Joint Venture Law, the PRC Cooperative Joint Venture Law and the PRC Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law. The Foreign Investment Law adopts the administrative system of pre-entry national treatment along with a negative list for foreign investments, establishing the basic framework for the access to, and the promotion, protection and administration of foreign investments in view of investment protection and fair competition.
Pursuant to the Foreign Investment Law, “foreign investments” refers to any direct or indirect investment activities conducted by any foreign individual, enterprise, or organization (collectively referred to as “foreign investors”) in the PRC, which includes any of the following circumstances: (i) foreign investors establishing foreign-invested enterprises, or FIEs, in the PRC solely or jointly with other investors; (ii) foreign investors acquiring shares, equity interests, property portions or other similar rights and interests thereof within the PRC; (iii) foreign investors investing in new projects in the PRC solely or jointly with other investors; and (iv) other forms of investments as defined by laws, regulations, or as otherwise stipulated by the State Council. According to the Foreign Investment Law, the State Council shall promulgate or approve a list of special administrative measures for market access of foreign investments, or the Negative List. The Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign-invested entities, except for those foreign-invested entities that operate in industries deemed to be either “restricted” or “prohibited” in the Negative List. The Foreign Investment Law provides that foreign investors shall not invest in the “prohibited” industries, and shall meet certain requirements as stipulated under the Negative List for investing in “restricted” industries.
In addition, the Foreign Investment Law also provides several protective rules and principles for foreign investors and their investments in the PRC, including, among others, (i) that local governments shall abide by their commitments to the foreign investors; (ii) FIEs are allowed to issue stocks and corporate bonds; except for special circumstances, in which case statutory procedures shall be followed and fair and reasonable compensation shall be made in a timely manner, expropriation or requisition of the investment of foreign investors is prohibited; (iii) mandatory technology transfer is prohibited; and (iv) the capital contributions, profits, capital gains, proceeds out of asset disposal, licensing fees of intellectual property rights, indemnity or compensation legally obtained, or proceeds received upon settlement by foreign investors within the PRC, may be freely remitted inward and outward in RMB or a foreign currency. Also, foreign investors or FIEs should assume legal liabilities for failing to report investment information in accordance with the requirements. Furthermore, the Foreign Investment Law provides that FIEs established prior to the effectiveness of the Foreign Investment Law may maintain their legal form and structure of corporate governance within five years after January 1, 2020.
On December 26, 2019, the State Council further issued the Implementation Rules of Foreign Investment Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2020, and replaced the Regulations on Implementing the PRC Equity Joint Venture Law, Provisional Regulations on the Duration of PRC Equity Joint Venture Law, the Regulations on Implementing the PRC Cooperative Joint Venture Law, and the Regulations on Implementing the PRC Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law. The Regulations on Implementing the PRC Foreign Investment Law restates certain principles of the Foreign Investment Law and further provides that, among others, (i) if an FIE established prior to the effective date of the Foreign Investment Law fails to adjust its legal form or governance structure to comply with the provisions of the Companies Law of the PRC or the Partnership Enterprises Law of the PRC, as applicable, and complete amendment registration before January 1, 2025, the enterprise registration authority will not process other registration matters of the FIE and may public such non-compliance thereafter; and (ii) the provisions regarding equity interest transfer and distribution of profits and remaining assets as stipulated in the contracts among the joint venture parties of an FIE established before the effective date of the Foreign Investment Law may, after adjustment of the legal form and governing structure of such FIE, remain binding upon the parties during the joint venture term of the enterprise.
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On June 23, 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, and the Ministry of Commerce promulgated the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2020 Edition), or the 2020 Negative List, which came into effect on July 23, 2020. In addition, the NDRC and the Ministry of Commerce promulgated the Encouraged Industry Catalogue for Foreign Investment (2020 Edition), or the 2020 Encouraged Industry Catalogue, which was promulgated on December 27, 2020 and came into effect on January 27, 2021. Industries not listed in the 2020 Negative List and 2020 Encouraged Industry Catalogue are generally open for foreign investments unless specifically restricted by other PRC laws. The establishment of wholly foreign-owned enterprises is generally allowed in encouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are required to hold the majority equity interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in projects in a restricted category is subject to government approvals. Foreign investors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category.
On December 27, 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, and the Ministry of Commerce promulgated the Special Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition), or the 2021 Negative List, which came into effect on January 1, 2022. On March 12, 2022, the 2022 Negative List was released and took effect on the same day. Industries not listed in the 2022 Negative List are generally open for foreign investments unless specifically restricted by other PRC laws. The establishment of wholly foreign-owned enterprises is generally allowed in encouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are required to hold the majority equity interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in projects in a restricted category is subject to government approvals. Foreign investors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category. We believe that our business is not in an industry on the 2022 Negative list, and it does not involve or operate in either a prohibited or restricted industry.
Pursuant to the Provisional Administrative Measures on Establishment and Modifications (Filing) for Foreign Invested Enterprises promulgated by the Ministry of Commerce on October 8, 2016, and amended in 2017 and 2018, establishment and changes of FIEs not subject to approvals under the special entry management measures shall be filed with the relevant commerce authorities. However, as the PRC Foreign Investment Law has taken effect, the Ministry of Commerce and the State Administration for Market Regulation, or the SAMR, jointly approved the Foreign Investment Information Report Measures on December 19, 2019, which has been in effect since January 1, 2020. According to the Foreign Investment Information Report Measures, which repealed the Provisional Administrative Measures on Establishment and Modifications (Filing) for Foreign Invested Enterprises, foreign investors or FIEs shall report their investment-related information to the competent local counterparts of the Ministry of Commerce through Enterprise Registration System and National Enterprise Credit Information Notification System.
Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the “Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law,” or the Opinions, which was made available to the public on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities, and the need to strengthen the supervision over overseas listings by Chinese companies. Effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems will be taken to deal with the risks and incidents of China-concept overseas listed companies, and cybersecurity and data privacy protection requirements and similar matters. The Opinions and any related implementing rules to be enacted may subject us to compliance requirement in the future.
Regulations on Intellectual Property Rights
Patent Law
Pursuant to the Patent Law of the PRC, or the Patent Law, promulgated by the SCNPC on March 12, 1984, as latest amended on October 17, 2020, and became effective on June 1, 2021 and the Implementation Rules of the Patent Law of the PRC, promulgated by the State Council on June 15, 2001 and latest amended on January 9, 2010, there are three types of patent in the PRC: invention patent, utility model patent and design patent. The protection period is 20 years for invention patent and 10 years for utility model patent and design patent, commencing from their respective application dates. Any individual or entity that utilizes a patent or conducts any other activity in infringement of a patent without prior authorization of the patentee shall pay compensation to the patentee and is subject to a fine imposed by relevant administrative authorities and, if constituting a crime, shall be held criminally liable in accordance with the law. In the event that a patent is owned by two or more co-owners without an agreement regarding the distribution of revenue generated from the exploitation of any co-owner of the patent, such revenue shall be distributed among all the co-owners.
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Existing patents can become narrowed, invalid or unenforceable due to a variety of grounds, including lack of novelty, creativity, and deficiencies in patent application. In China, a patent must have novelty, creativity and practical applicability. Under the Patent Law, novelty means that before a patent application is filed, no identical invention or utility model has been publicly disclosed in any publication in China or overseas or has been publicly used or made known to the public by any other means, whether in or outside of China, nor has any other person filed with the patent authority an application that describes an identical invention or utility model and is recorded in patent application documents or patent documents published after the filing date. Creativity means that, compared with existing technology, an invention has prominent substantial features and represents notable progress, and a utility model has substantial features and represents any progress. Practical applicability means an invention or utility model can be manufactured or used and may produce positive results. Patents in China are filed with the State Intellectual Property Office, or SIPO. Normally, the SIPO publishes an application for an invention patent within 18 months after the filing date, which may be shortened at the request of applicant. The applicant must apply to the SIPO for a substantive examination within 3 years from the date of application.
We currently do not own any patents, but we have filed applications for our new business activities.
Regulations on Copyright
The Copyright Law of the PRC, or the Copyright Law, which took effect on June 1, 1991 and was amended in 2001, 2010 and 2020 (the current effective revision became effective on April 1, 2010 while the latest revision has not yet come into effect until June 1, 2021), provides that Chinese citizens, legal persons, or other organizations shall, whether published or not, own copyright in their copyrightable works, which include, among others, works of literature, art, natural science, social science, engineering technology and computer software. Copyright owners enjoy certain legal rights, including right of publication, right of authorship and right of reproduction. The Copyright Laws disseminated over the Internet. In addition, PRC laws and regulations provide for a voluntary registration system administered by the Copyright Protection Center of China, or the CPCC. According to the Copyright Law, an infringer of the copyrights shall be subject to various civil liabilities, which include ceasing infringement activities, apologizing to the copyright owners and compensating the loss of copyright owner. Infringers of copyright may also be subject to fines and/or administrative or criminal liabilities in severe situations.
The Computer Software Copyright Registration Measures, or the Software Copyright Measures, promulgated by the National Copyright Administration, or the NCA on April 6, 1992 and latest amended on February 20, 2002, regulates registrations of software copyright, exclusive licensing contracts for software copyright and assignment agreements. The NCA administers software copyright registration and the CPCC, is designated as the software registration authority. The CPCC shall grant registration certificates to the Computer Software Copyrights applicants which meet the requirements of both the Software Copyright Measures and the Computer Software Protection Regulations (Revised in 2013).
The Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Certain Issues Related to the Application of Law in the Trial of Civil Cases Involving Disputes on Infringement of the Information Network Dissemination Rights specifies that disseminating works, performances or audio-video products by the internet users or the internet service providers via the internet without the permission of the copyright owners shall be deemed to have infringed the right of dissemination of the copyright owner.
The Measures for Administrative Protection of Copyright Related to Internet, which was jointly promulgated by the NCA and the MII on April 29, 2005 and became effective on May 30, 2005, provides that upon receipt of an infringement notice from a legitimate copyright holder, an ICP operator must take remedial actions immediately by removing or disabling access to the infringing content. If an ICP operator knowingly transmits infringing content or fails to take remedial actions after receipt of a notice of infringement that harms public interest, the ICP operator could be subject to administrative penalties, including an order to cease infringing activities, confiscation by the authorities of all income derived from the infringement activities, or payment of fines.
On May 18, 2006, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Protection of the Right to Network Dissemination of Information (as amended in 2013). Under these regulations, an owner of the network dissemination rights with respect to written works, performance or audio or video recordings who believes that information storage, search or link services provided by an Internet service provider infringe his or her rights may require that the Internet service provider delete, or disconnect the links to, such works or recordings.
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Trademark Law
Trademarks are protected under the PRC Trademark Law, which was adopted on August 23, 1982 and subsequently amended in 1993, 2001, 2013, and 2019, and the Implementation Regulations of the PRC Trademark Law adopted by the State Council in 2002 and most recently amended in 2014. The Trademark Office under the State Administration for Market Regulation (formally known as the State Administration for Industry and Commerce) handles trademark registrations. The Trademark Office grants a ten-year term to registered trademarks and the term may be renewed for another ten-year period upon request by the trademark owner. A trademark registrant may license its registered trademarks to another party by entering into trademark license agreements, which must be filed with the Trademark Office for the record. As with patents, the Trademark Law has adopted a first-to-file principle with respect to trademark registration. If a trademark applied for is identical or similar to another trademark which has already been registered or subject to a preliminary examination and approval for use on the same or similar kinds of products or services, such a trademark application may be rejected. Any person applying for the registration of a trademark may not injure existing trademark rights first obtained by others, nor may any person register in advance a trademark that has already been used by another party and has already gained a “sufficient degree of reputation” through such other party’s use.
Regulations on Domain Names
The MIIT promulgated the Measures on Administration of Internet Domain Names on August 24, 2017, which became effective on November 1, 2017 and replaced the Administrative Measures on China Internet Domain Names promulgated by the MIIT on November 5, 2004. Pursuant to these measures, the MIIT oversees the administration of PRC internet domain names. The domain name registration follows a first-to-file principle. Applicants for registration of domain names must provide the true, accurate, and complete information of their identities to domain name registration service institutions. The applicants will become the holder of such domain names upon the completion of the registration procedure.
Regulations on Foreign Exchange
The establishment, operation and management of companies in China are governed by the PRC Company Law, as amended in 2005, 2013 and 2018. The PRC Company Law applies to both PRC domestic companies and foreign-invested companies. The direct or indirect investment activities of a foreign investor shall be governed by the PRC Foreign Investment Law and its implementation rules. The PRC Foreign Investment Law was promulgated by the National People’s Congress on March 15, 2019 and took effect on January 1, 2020, replacing the PRC Equity Joint Venture Law, the PRC Cooperative Joint Venture Law and the PRC Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law. The Foreign Investment Law adopts the administrative system of pre-entry national treatment along with a negative list for foreign investments, and establishes the basic framework for access to, and the promotion, protection and administration of foreign investments in view of investment protection and fair competition.
Pursuant to the Foreign Investment Law, “foreign investments” refers to any direct or indirect investment activities conducted by any foreign individual, enterprise, or organization (collectively referred to as “foreign investors”) in the PRC, which includes any of the following circumstances: (i) foreign investors establishing foreign-invested enterprises, or FIEs, in the PRC solely or jointly with other investors; (ii) foreign investors acquiring shares, equity interests, property portions or other similar rights and interests thereof within the PRC; (iii) foreign investors investing in new projects in the PRC solely or jointly with other investors; and (iv) other forms of investments as defined by laws, regulations, or as otherwise stipulated by the State Council. According to the Foreign Investment Law, the State Council shall promulgate or approve a list of special administrative measures for market access of foreign investments, or the Negative List. The Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign-invested entities, except for those foreign-invested entities that operate in industries deemed to be either “restricted” or “prohibited” in the Negative List. The Foreign Investment Law provides that foreign investors shall not invest in the “prohibited” industries, and shall meet certain requirements as stipulated under the Negative List for investing in “restricted” industries.
In addition, the Foreign Investment Law also provides several protective rules and principles for foreign investors and their investments in the PRC, including, among others, that (i) local governments shall abide by their commitments to the foreign investors; (ii) FIEs are allowed to issue stocks and corporate bonds; except for special circumstances, in which case statutory procedures shall be followed and fair and reasonable compensation shall be made in a timely manner; expropriation or requisition of the investment of foreign investors is prohibited; (iii) mandatory technology transfer is prohibited; and (iv) capital contributions, profits, capital gains, proceeds out of asset disposal, licensing fees of intellectual property rights, indemnity or compensation legally obtained, or proceeds received upon settlement by foreign investors within the PRC, may be freely remitted inward and outward in RMB or a foreign currency. Also, foreign investors or FIEs should assume legal liabilities for failing to report investment information in accordance with the requirements. Furthermore, the Foreign Investment Law provides that FIEs established prior to the effectiveness of the Foreign Investment Law may maintain their legal form and structure of corporate governance within five years after January 1, 2020.
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On December 26, 2019, the State Council further issued the Regulations on Implementing the PRC Foreign Investment Law, or the Implementation Regulations, which came into effect on January 1, 2020, and replaced the Regulations on Implementing the PRC Equity Joint Venture Law, Provisional Regulations on the Duration of PRC Equity Joint Venture Law, the Regulations on Implementing the PRC Cooperative Joint Venture Law, and the Regulations on Implementing the PRC Wholly Foreign-owned Enterprise Law. The Implementation Regulations restates certain principles of the Foreign Investment Law and further provides that, among others, (i) if an FIE established prior to the effective date of the Foreign Investment Law fails to adjust its legal form or governance structure to comply with the provisions of the Companies Law of the PRC or the Partnership Enterprises Law of the PRC, as applicable, and complete amendment registration before January 1, 2025, the enterprise registration authority will not process other registration matters of the FIE and may make public such non-compliance thereafter; and (ii) the provisions regarding equity interest transfer and distribution of profits and remaining assets as stipulated in the contracts among the joint venture parties of an FIE established before the effective date of the Foreign Investment Law may, after adjustment of the legal form and governing structure of such FIE, remain binding upon the parties during the joint venture term of the enterprise.
On June 23, 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, and the Ministry of Commerce of the PRC, promulgated the Special Entry Management Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment (2020 version), or the 2020 Negative List, which came into effect on July 23, 2020. In addition, the NDRC and the Ministry of Commerce promulgated the Encouraged Industry Catalogue for Foreign Investment (2019 version), or the 2019 Encouraged Industry Catalogue, which came into effect on July 30, 2019. Industries not listed in the 2020 Negative List and 2019 Encouraged Industry Catalogue are generally open for foreign investments unless specifically restricted by other PRC laws. The establishment of wholly foreign-owned enterprises is generally allowed in encouraged and permitted industries. Some restricted industries are limited to equity or contractual joint ventures, while in some cases Chinese partners are required to hold the majority equity interests in such joint ventures. In addition, foreign investment in projects in a restricted category is subject to government approvals. Foreign investors are not allowed to invest in industries in the prohibited category.
Pursuant to the Provisional Administrative Measures on Establishment and Modifications (Filing) for Foreign Invested Enterprises promulgated by the Ministry of Commerce on October 8, 2016 and amended in 2017 and 2018, establishment of and changes to FIEs not subject to approvals under the special entry management measures shall be filed with the relevant commerce authorities. However, as the PRC Foreign Investment Law has taken effect, the Ministry of Commerce and the State Administration for Market Regulation, or the SAMR, jointly approved the Foreign Investment Information Report Measures on December 19, 2019, which went into effect on January 1, 2020. According to the Foreign Investment Information Report Measures, which repealed the Provisional Administrative Measures on Establishment and Modifications (Filing) for Foreign Invested Enterprises, foreign investors or FIEs shall report their investment-related information to the competent local counterparts of the Ministry of Commerce through the Enterprise Registration System and National Enterprise Credit Information Notification System.
Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the “Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law,” or the Opinions, which was made available to the public on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities, and the need to strengthen the supervision over overseas listings by Chinese companies. Effective measures, such as promoting the construction of relevant regulatory systems will be taken to deal with the risks and incidents of China-concept overseas listed companies, and cybersecurity and data privacy protection requirements and similar matters. The Opinions and any related implementing rules to be enacted may subject us to compliance requirement in the future.
Regulations on Foreign Exchange
General Administration of Foreign Exchange
According to the Foreign Exchange Control Regulations of the PRC, which were promulgated by the State Council on January 29, 1996, came into effect on April 1, 1996, and were amended on January 14, 1997, and August 1, 2008 (which amendment came into effect on August 5, 2008), payments for transactions that take place within the PRC must be made in Renminbi. PRC companies or individuals may repatriate foreign exchange receipts received overseas or deposit overseas. Renminbi is freely convertible for current account items, including the distribution of dividends, interest payments, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not for capital account items, such as direct investments, loans, repatriation of investments and investments in securities outside of the PRC, unless prior approval is obtained from SAFE and prior registration with SAFE is made. Foreign exchange proceeds under the current accounts may be either retained or sold to a financial institution engaged in settlement and sale of foreign exchange. For foreign exchange proceeds under the capital accounts, approval from SAFE is generally required for the retention or sale of such proceeds to a financial institution engaged in settlement and sale of foreign exchange.
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Foreign Investment
According to Provisions on Foreign Exchange Control on Direct Investments in China by Foreign Investors, which were promulgated on May 10, 2013, by SAFE, upon establishment of a foreign investment enterprise pursuant to the law, registration formalities shall be completed with SAFE. In the event of subsequent changes in the capital of the foreign investment enterprise such as increase in capital, capital reduction, and equity transfer, registration change formalities shall be completed with SAFE.
Pursuant to the Circular of SAFE on Further Improving and Adjusting Foreign Exchange Administration Policies for Direct Investment, or the “SAFE Circular No. 59,” promulgated by SAFE on November 19, 2012, and was further amended on May 4, 2015, as well as October 10, 2018 and December 30, 2019, approval is not required for opening a foreign exchange account and depositing foreign exchange into the account relating to the direct investments. SAFE Circular No. 59 also simplified foreign exchange-related registration required for the foreign investors to acquire the equity interests of Chinese companies and further improve the administration on foreign exchange settlement for foreign investment enterprises.
The Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Mode of Management of Settlement of Foreign Exchange Capital of Foreign-Funded Enterprises, or the “SAFE Circular No.19,” which was promulgated by SAFE on March 30, 2015, and became effective on June 1, 2015, provides that a foreign investment enterprise may, according to its actual business needs, settle with a bank the portion of the foreign exchange capital in its capital account for which the relevant foreign exchange administration has confirmed monetary capital contribution rights and interests (or for which the bank has registered the injection of the monetary capital contribution into the account). Pursuant to the SAFE Circular No.19, for the time being, foreign investment enterprises are allowed to settle 100% of their foreign exchange capitals on a discretionary basis; a foreign-invested enterprise shall truthfully use its capital for its own operational purposes within the scope of business; where an ordinary foreign-invested enterprise makes domestic equity investment with the amount of foreign exchanges settled, the invested enterprise shall first go through domestic re-investment registration and open a corresponding account for foreign exchange settlement pending payment with the foreign exchange administration or the bank at the place where it is registered.
Overseas Investment and Financing and Round-Trip Investment
Under SAFE Circular 37 issued by SAFE and effective on July 4, 2014, PRC residents are required to register with the local SAFE branch prior to the establishment or control of an offshore SPV, which is defined as offshore enterprises directly established or indirectly controlled by PRC residents for offshore equity financing of the enterprise assets or interests they hold in the PRC. An amendment to registration or subsequent filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required if there is any change in basic information of the offshore company or any material change with respect to the capital of the offshore company. At the same time, SAFE has issued the Operation Guidance for the Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration over Round-trip Investment regarding the procedures for SAFE registration under SAFE Circular 37, which became effective on July 4, 2014, as an attachment of SAFE Circular 37, and provided operational guidance in detail on how to complete the required registration under SAFE Circular 37. Pursuant to the Circular on Further Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment, or the “SAFE Circular No. 13,” which was promulgated by SAFE and effective from June 1, 2015, the administrative approvals of foreign exchange registration of direct domestic investment and direct overseas investment are canceled and the procedure of foreign exchange-related registration are simplified. The investors shall register with banks for direct domestic investment and direct overseas investment.
Currently, some of our shareholders have completed Circular 37 Registration and are in compliance. Some of our beneficial owners, who are PRC residents, have not completed the Circular 37 Registration. All our significant shareholders, directors and officers have completed Circular 37 Registration. We have asked our shareholders who are Chinese residents to make the necessary applications and filings as required by Circular 37. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure — Some of our shareholders are not in compliance with the PRC’s regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents, and as a result, the shareholders may be subject to penalties if we are not able to remediate the non-compliance.” We will urge the shareholders who have not yet completed registrations in accordance with SAFE Circular 37 to complete registrations, and we do not believe the shareholders’ failure to complete registrations will have a substantial impact on our business operations or cross-border investment activities.
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Dividend Distribution
Under the Company Law, the Foreign Investment Law, and Implementation Regulations of Foreign Investment Law, wholly foreign-owned enterprises in the PRC may pay dividends only out of their accumulated after-tax profits, if any, determined in accordance with China accounting standards and regulations. According to the Foreign Investment Law and Implementation Regulations of Foreign Investment Law, foreign investors’ investment, profits, capital gains, assets disposal income, intellectual property license fees, compensation or indemnification obtained according to law, and income from liquidation, among other things, may be freely remitted in or out of China in RMB or foreign currency. In addition, under the Company Law, wholly foreign-owned enterprises in the PRC are required to allocate at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. Wholly foreign-owned enterprises may, at their discretion, allocate a portion of their after-tax profits based on China accounting standards to staff welfare and bonus funds. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — MF is a holding company, and will rely on dividends paid by our subsidiaries for our cash needs. Any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make dividend payments to us, or any tax implications of making dividend payments to us, could limit our ability to pay our parent company expenses or pay dividends to holders of our Class A ordinary shares.”
Offshore Investment
Under the Circular on Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment Through Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, effective on July 4, 2014, PRC residents are required to register with the local SAFE branch prior to the establishment or control of an offshore special purpose vehicle, which is defined as an offshore enterprise directly established or indirectly controlled by PRC residents for investment and financing purposes, with the enterprise assets or interests PRC residents hold in China or overseas. The term “control” means to obtain the operation rights, right to proceeds, or decision-making power of a special purpose vehicle through acquisition, trust, holding shares on behalf of others, voting rights, repurchase, convertible bonds, or other means. An amendment to registration or subsequent filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC residents is also required if there is any change in the basic information of the offshore company or any material change with respect to the capital of the offshore company. At the same time, SAFE has issued the Operation Guidance for the Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Administration over Round-Trip Investment regarding the procedures for SAFE registration under SAFE Circular 37, which became effective on July 4, 2014, as an attachment of SAFE Circular 37.
Under the relevant rules, failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in SAFE Circular 37 may result in bans on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant onshore company, including the payment of dividends and other distributions to its offshore parent or affiliates, and may also subject relevant PRC residents to penalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations.
Regulations on Dividend Distribution
The principal laws and regulations regulating the distribution of dividends by FIEs in China include the PRC Company Law, as amended in 2004, 2005, 2013, and 2018, and the 2019 PRC Foreign Investment Law and its Implementation Rules. Under the current regulatory regime in China, FIEs in China may pay dividends only out of their retained earnings, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. A PRC company is required to set aside as statutory reserve funds at least 10% of its after-tax profit, until the cumulative amount of such reserve funds reaches 50% of its registered capital, unless laws regarding foreign investment provide otherwise. A PRC company cannot distribute any profits until any losses from prior fiscal years have been offset. Profits retained from prior fiscal years may be distributed together with distributable profits from the current fiscal year.
Regulations on Taxation
Enterprise Income Tax
On March 16, 2007, the National People’s Congress promulgated the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, which was amended on February 24, 2017 and December 29, 2018. On December 6, 2007, the State Council enacted the Regulations for the Implementation of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008 and was amended on April 23, 2019. Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law and the relevant implementing regulations, both resident enterprises and non-resident enterprises are subject to tax in China. Resident enterprises are defined as enterprises that are established in China in accordance with PRC laws, or that are established in accordance with the laws of foreign countries but are actually or in effect controlled from within China. Non-resident enterprises are defined as enterprises that are organized under the laws of foreign countries and whose actual management is conducted outside China, but have established institutions or premises in China, or have no such established institutions or premises but have income generated from inside China. Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law and relevant implementing regulations, a uniform corporate income tax rate of 25% is applied. However, if non-resident enterprises have not formed permanent establishments or premises in China, or if they have formed permanent establishments or premises in China but there is no actual relationship between the relevant income derived in China and the established institutions or premises set up by them, withholding income tax is set at the rate of 10% with respect to their income sourced from inside the PRC.
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Value-Added Tax
The PRC Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax were promulgated by the State Council on December 13, 1993, became effective on January 1, 1994, and were subsequently amended from time to time. The Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the PRC Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax (2011 Revision) were promulgated by the Ministry of Finance on December 25, 1993 and subsequently amended in 2008 and 2011. On November 19, 2017, the State Council promulgated the Decisions on Abolishing the PRC Provisional Regulations on Business Tax and Amending the PRC Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax. Pursuant to these regulations, rules and decisions, all enterprises and individuals engaged in sale of goods, provision of processing, repair, and replacement services, sales of services, intangible assets, real property, and the importation of goods within the PRC are value-added tax, or VAT, taxpayers. On March 20, 2019, the Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, or SAT, and the General Administration of Customs jointly issued the Announcement on Relevant Policies on Deepening the Reform of Value-Added Tax. Pursuant to this announcement, the generally applicable VAT rates are simplified as 13%, 9%, 6%, and 0%, which became effective on April 1, 2019, and the VAT rate applicable to the small-scale taxpayers is 3%. If a small-scale taxpayer’s total monthly sales amount does not exceed RMB100 thousand and its quarterly sales volume does not exceed RMB300 thousand, the VAT will be exempted.
Dividend Withholding Tax
The Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that since January 1, 2008, an income tax rate of 10% will normally apply to dividends declared to non-PRC resident investors that do not have an establishment or place of business in China, or that have such establishment or place of business but the relevant income is not effectively connected with the establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends are derived from sources within China.
Pursuant to the Arrangement Between the Mainland of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital, and other applicable PRC laws, if a Hong Kong resident enterprise is determined by the competent PRC tax authority to have met the relevant conditions and requirements under this arrangement and other applicable laws, the 10% withholding tax on the dividends the Hong Kong resident enterprise receives from a PRC resident enterprise may be reduced to 5%. However, based on the Circular on Certain Issues with Respect to the Enforcement of Dividend Provisions in Tax Treaties issued on February 20, 2009, if the relevant PRC tax authorities determine, in their discretions, that a company benefits from such reduced income tax rate due to a structure or arrangement that is primarily tax-driven, such PRC tax authorities may adjust the preferential tax treatment. Pursuant to the Circular on Several Questions regarding the “Beneficial Owner” in Tax Treaties, which was issued on February 3, 2018 by SAT and became effective on April 1, 2018, when determining the applicant’s status as the “beneficial owner” regarding tax treatment in connection with dividends, interests, or royalties in the tax treaties, several factors, including, without limitation, whether the applicant is obligated to pay more than 50% of his or her income in twelve months to residents in a third country or region, whether the business operated by the applicant constitutes the actual business activities, and whether the counterparty country or region to the tax treaties does not levy any tax or grant any tax exemption on relevant incomes or levy tax at an extremely low rate, will be taken into account, and such factors will be analyzed according to the actual circumstances of the specific cases.
Tax on Indirect Transfer
On February 3, 2015, SAT issued the Bulletin on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by Non PRC Resident Enterprises, or Bulletin 7. Pursuant to Bulletin 7, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident enterprises, may be recharacterized and treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise income tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. When determining whether there is a “reasonable commercial purpose” in the transaction arrangement, features to be taken into consideration include, inter alia, whether the main value of the equity interest of the relevant offshore enterprise derives directly or indirectly from PRC taxable assets; whether the assets of the relevant offshore enterprise mainly consists of direct or indirect investment in China or if its income is mainly derived from China; and whether the offshore enterprise and its subsidiaries directly or indirectly holding PRC taxable assets have a real commercial nature which is evidenced by their actual function and risk exposure. Pursuant to Bulletin 7, where the payer fails to withhold any or sufficient tax, the transferor shall declare and pay such tax to the tax authority by itself within the statutory time limit. Late payment of applicable tax will subject the transferor to default interest. Bulletin 7 does not apply to transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange where such shares are acquired on a public stock exchange. On October 17, 2017, SAT issued the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non- resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source, or Bulletin 37, which was amended by the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Revising Certain Taxation Normative Documents issued on June 15, 2018 by SAT. Bulletin 37 further elaborates the relevant implemental rules regarding the calculation, reporting, and payment obligations of the withholding tax by the non-resident enterprises. Nonetheless, there remain uncertainties as to the interpretation and application of Bulletin 7. Bulletin 7 may be determined by the tax authorities to be applicable to our offshore transactions or sale of our shares or those of our offshore subsidiaries where non-resident enterprises, being the transferors, are involved.
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Regulations on Employment
Labor Contract Law
The PRC Labor Contract Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008 and amended in 2012, primarily aims at regulating rights and obligations of employment relationships, including the establishment, performance, and termination of labor contracts. Pursuant to the Labor Contract Law, labor contracts must be executed in writing if labor relationships are to be or have been established between employers and employees. Employers are prohibited from forcing employees to work above certain time limits and employers must pay employees for overtime work in accordance with national regulations. In addition, employees’ wages must not be lower than local standards on minimum wages and must be paid to employees in a timely manner.
Social Insurance
As required under the Regulation of Insurance for Labor Injury implemented on January 1, 2004 and amended in 2010, the Provisional Measures for Maternity Insurance of Employees of Corporations implemented on January 1, 1995, the Decisions on the Establishment of a Unified Program for Old-Aged Pension Insurance of the State Council issued on July 16, 1997, the Decisions on the Establishment of the Medical Insurance Program for Urban Workers of the State Council promulgated on December 14, 1998, the Unemployment Insurance Measures promulgated on January 22, 1999, and the PRC Social Insurance Law implemented on July 1, 2011 and amended on December 29, 2018, employers are required to provide their employees in China with welfare benefits covering pension insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance, work-related injury insurance, and medical insurance. These payments are made to local administrative authorities. Any employer that fails to make social insurance contributions may be ordered to rectify the non-compliance and pay the required contributions within a prescribed time limit and be subject to a late fee. If the employer still fails to rectify the failure to make the relevant contributions within the prescribed time, it may be subject to a fine ranging from one to three times the amount overdue. On July 20, 2018, the General Office of the State Council issued the Plan for Reforming the State and Local Tax Collection and Administration Systems, which stipulated that SAT will become solely responsible for collecting social insurance premiums.
Housing Fund
In accordance with the Regulations on the Administration of Housing Funds, which was promulgated by the State Council in 1999 and amended in 2002 and 2019, employers must register at the designated administrative centers and open bank accounts for depositing employees’ housing funds. Employers and employees are also required to pay and deposit housing funds, with an amount no less than 5% of the monthly average salary of the employee in the preceding year in full and on time.
Regulations on Share Incentive Plans
Pursuant to the Notices on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, which was issued by SAFE on February 15, 2012, employees, directors, supervisors, and other senior management who participate in any stock incentive plan of a publicly listed overseas company and who are PRC citizens or non-PRC citizens residing in China for a continuous period of no less than one year, subject to a few exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a qualified domestic agent, which may be a PRC subsidiary of such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures.
In addition, SAT has issued certain circulars concerning employee stock options and restricted shares. Under these circulars, employees working in China who exercise stock options or are granted restricted shares will be subject to PRC individual income tax. The PRC subsidiaries of an overseas listed company are required to file documents related to employee stock options and restricted shares with relevant tax authorities and to withhold individual income taxes of employees who exercise their stock options or purchase restricted shares. If the employees fail to pay or the PRC subsidiaries fail to withhold income tax in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, the PRC subsidiaries may be subject to sanctions imposed by the tax authorities or other PRC governmental authorities.
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M&A Rules and Overseas Listing
Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors
The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies requires an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals to obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.
On August 8, 2006, six PRC governmental and regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce and the China Securities Regulatory Commission, promulgated the M&A Rules governing the mergers and acquisitions of domestic enterprises by foreign investors, which became effective on September 8, 2006, and was revised in 2009. The M&A Rules, among other things, require that if an overseas company established or controlled by PRC companies or PRC citizens intends to acquire equity interests or assets of any other PRC domestic company affiliated with the PRC citizens, such acquisition must be submitted to the Ministry of Commerce for approval. The M&A Rules also require that an offshore special purpose vehicle, or a special purpose vehicle formed for overseas listing purposes and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals, shall obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission prior to overseas listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — The M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations may make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions.”
The M&A Rules further requires that the MOFCOM be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor acquires control of a PRC domestic enterprise or a foreign company with substantial PRC operations, if certain thresholds under the Provisions on Thresholds for Prior Notification of Concentrations of Undertakings, issued by the State Council, are triggered. Moreover, the Anti-Monopoly Law promulgated by the Standing Committee of the NPC requires that transactions which are deemed concentrations and involve parties with specified turnover thresholds be cleared by the MOFCOM before they can be completed.
We believe the CSRC’s approval is not required under the M&A Rules for the offering and trading of our Class A ordinary shares on Nasdaq in the context of any follow-on offerings, given that: (i) our PRC subsidiaries were incorporated by means of direct investment rather than by merger or acquisition of equity interest or assets of a PRC domestic company owned by PRC companies or individuals as defined under the M&A Rules that are our beneficial owners; (ii) the CSRC currently has not issued any definitive rule or interpretation concerning whether offerings like ours under this annual report are subject to the M&A Rules; and (iii) no provision in the M&A Rules clearly classifies contractual arrangements as a type of transaction subject to the M&A Rules. As of the date of this annual report, no relevant laws or regulations in the PRC explicitly require us to seek approval from the CSRC or any other PRC governmental authorities for any follow-on offerings, nor has our company or any of our subsidiaries received any inquiry, notice, warning or sanctions regarding our planned offering from the CSRC or any other PRC governmental authorities. However, since these statements and regulatory actions by the PRC government are newly published and official guidance and related implementation rules have not been issued, there remain some uncertainties as to how the rules will be interpreted or implemented in the context of an overseas offering and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on the daily business operation of the PRC Operating Entities. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as we do. The PRC regulatory authorities may in the future promulgate laws, regulations or implementing rules that requires our company or our subsidiaries to obtain regulatory approval from Chinese authorities before listing in the U.S. If it is determined that CSRC approval is required for any follow-on offerings, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to seek CSRC approval for any follow-on offerings.
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Regulations on the Record-filing System under the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies
On December 24, 2021, the CSRC issued the Provisions of the State Council on the Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comments), or the Draft Overseas Listing Administration Provisions, and the Administrative Measures for the Filing of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comments), or the Draft Overseas Listing Filing Measures, which are open for public comments until January 23, 2022.
On February 17, 2023, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, announced the Circular on the Administrative Arrangements for Filing of Securities Offering and Listing By Domestic Companies, or the Circular, and released a set of new regulations which consists of the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, and five supporting guidelines. The Trial Measures came into effect on March 31, 2023. The Trial Measures refine the regulatory system by subjecting both direct and indirect overseas offering and listing activities to the CSRC filing-based administration. Requirements for filing entities, time points and procedures are specified. A PRC domestic company that seeks to offer and list securities in overseas markets shall fulfill the filing procedure with the CSRC per the requirements of the Trial Measures. Where a PRC domestic company seeks to indirectly offer and list securities in overseas markets, the issuer shall designate a major domestic operating entity, which shall, as the domestic responsible entity, file with the CSRC. The Trial Measures also lay out requirements for the reporting of material events. Breaches of the Trial Measures, such as offering and listing securities overseas without fulfilling the filing procedures, shall bear legal liabilities, including a fine between RMB 1.0 million (approximately $150,000) and RMB 10.0 million (approximately $1.5 million), and the Trial Measures heighten the cost for offenders by enforcing accountability with administrative penalties and incorporating the compliance status of relevant market participants into the Securities Market Integrity Archives.
According to the Circular, since the date of effectiveness of the Trial Measures on March 31, 2023, PRC domestic enterprises falling within the scope of filing that have been listed overseas or met the following circumstances are “existing enterprises”: before the effectiveness of the Trial Measures on March 31, 2023, the application for indirect overseas issuance and listing has been approved by the overseas regulators or overseas stock exchanges (such as the registration statement has become effective on the U.S. market), it is not required to perform issuance and listing supervision procedures of the overseas regulators or overseas stock exchanges, and the overseas issuance and listing will be completed by September 30, 2023. Existing enterprises are not required to file with the CSRC immediately, and filings with the CSRC should be made as required if they involve refinancings and other filing matters. PRC domestic enterprises that have submitted valid applications for overseas issuance and listing but have not been approved by overseas regulatory authorities or overseas stock exchanges at the date of effectiveness of the Trial Measures on March 31, 2023 can reasonably arrange the timing of filing applications with the CSRC and shall complete the filing with the CSRC before the overseas issuance and listing.
On September 25, 2023, we received notification from the CSRC confirming that we have completed the record filing requirement for our initial public offering, which was completed in April 2024.
In addition, an overseas-listed company must also submit the filing with respect to its follow-on offerings, issuance of convertible corporate bonds and exchangeable bonds, and other equivalent offering activities, within the time frame specified by the Trial Measures. As a result, we will be required to file with the CSRC within three business days after the completion of any follow-on offering.
If the CSRC or other regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain their approvals for any follow-on offerings and any follow-on offering, we may be unable to obtain such approvals and we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to seek such approvals which could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to our investors and the securities currently being offered may substantially decline in value and be worthless.
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Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. Our actual results may differ materially from those we currently anticipate as a result of many factors, including those we describe under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this annual report. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Overview
MindForge Inc. was incorporated on June 30, 2021 in the Cayman Islands. We conduct all of our business through MF Beijing, MindForge Suzhou, and JZSC Technology. Since MF Beijing’s establishment in 2018, we have focused on providing value-added services using artificial intelligence-driven technology to businesses within the insurance industry, including insurance carriers and brokers.
On July 10, 2026, the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) unanimously adopted written resolutions approving a change of the Company’s name from “U-BX Technology Ltd.” to “MindForge Inc.” (the “Name Change”). Concurrently, the Board approved a change of the Company’s trading symbol from “UBXG” to “MF” (the “Symbol Change”). The Name Change and Symbol Change became effective on July 15, 2026, subject to the approval of the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands.
Our business primarily consists of providing the following four services/products: i) digital promotion services, ii) risk assessment services, iii) value-added bundled benefits services and iv) sales of goods and other services. We help our institutional clients obtain visibility on various social media platforms and generate our revenue based on consumers’ clicks, views, or our clients’ promotion time through those channels. We have also developed a unique algorithm and named it the “Magic Mirror” to calculate payout risks for insurance carriers to underwrite auto insurance coverage. Utilizing our proprietary algorithmic model, we are able to generate individualized risk reports based on the vehicle’s brand, model, travel area, and vehicle age. In turn, we are able to generate revenue based on the number of assessments reports we provide to the insurance carriers. Lastly, to help major insurance carriers or brokers attract their customers, we sell bundled benefits, including car wash, maintenance plan or parking notification, to these carriers, which may then be passed on to their customers for either low or no cost.
In addition to servicing institutional customers, we provide up-to-date insurance-related information to individual consumers through our mini-application embedded in other social media platforms. The information is provided to educate consumers and insurance brokers about the insurance industry, thus helping us build a stronger brand image within the general public.
At present, our client base consists of more than 300 city-level property and auto insurance carriers nationwide using our products and services to conduct business on a daily basis. Some of our clients include large corporations such as China Telecom Payment Technology Co., Ltd. Shanghai Branch, the People’s Insurance Company of China, China United Property Insurance Co., Ltd., Yatai Insurance Brokerage Co., Ltd., Zhongce Insurance Brokerage Co., Ltd. With the future digitization of the insurance industry, we expect to have a broader reach within the overall insurance industry, as our business focuses on providing insurance technology solutions to insurance carriers interested in applying artificial intelligence technology and online traffic promotion methods in their operations. We believe that the future digitization of the insurance industry will create more interest among insurance carriers in using the technology and promotion channels we offer.
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Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Our business and results of operations are affected by China’s overall economic conditions and structural transformations, especially the development of insurance industry and cloud-based communications industry, as well as the following industry- and company-specific factors.
Government policies may impact our business and operating results.
Our PRC entities are incorporated, and their operations and assets are located, in China. Accordingly, our results of operations, financial condition and prospects are affected by China’s regulation conditions in the following factors: (a) economic policies and initiatives undertaken by the PRC government; (b) changes in the Chinese or regional business or regulatory environment affecting the purchase power of consumers of our products; and (c) changes in Chinese government policy affecting our industry. Unfavorable changes could affect demand for services that we sell and for services that we provide and could materially and adversely affect the results of operations. We have not seen any impact of unfavorable government policies our inception. However, we will seek to make adjustments as required if and when government policies shift.
New Customer Acquisition
Our operating results and growth prospects will depend on our ability to attract new customers. We are intensely focused on growing our customer base. We will enhance our sales and marketing efforts to attract new customers to try out our products and services and accelerate their adoption of our platform.
We will strengthen the network effects of our services and promote our brand awareness, which in turn enables us to acquire new customers rapidly at low acquisition costs. Furthermore, we seek to improve the breadth and quality of our platform and products, and to enhance our brand recognition, which will allow us to capture additional market share, better optimize the pricing of our products and services, and reach customers in a broader range of verticals and use cases.
Our ability to compete effectively
Our business and results of operations depend on our ability to compete effectively in the industry in which we operate. Our competitive position may be affected by, among other things, the scope of our services, the quality of our solutions, and our ability to customize our services to meet customers’ business needs. We believe that our proprietary technologies and research and development capabilities help us to develop products tailored to our customers, and we can retain and develop business with existing customers and attract new customers. However, if we are unable to keep up with our product development or innovation, we might not be able to develop new customers or expand our business effectively. In addition, we are subject to competition from within our industry. Increased competition could materially and adversely affect our business and the results of operations.
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Expanding Usage by Existing Customers
We have amassed a large and diversified customer base covering a wide spectrum of verticals. We believe that there are significant growth opportunities within our existing customers. We expect to expand into additional services categories, explore cross- and up-selling opportunities, and continue to invest in sales and marketing and customer success activities to keep stable revenue from existing customers. We believe that these efforts will have a long-term, positive impact on our business and the results of operations.
Strategic investment and acquisitions
We intend to continue to pursue strategic acquisitions and investments in selective technologies and businesses in the insurance industry that will enhance our technology capabilities. We believe that a solid acquisition and investment strategy may be critical for us to accelerate our growth and strengthen our competitive position in the future. Our ability to identify and execute strategic acquisitions and investments will likely have an effect on our operating results over time.
Results of Operations
For the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024
The following tables set forth our results of operations for the year presented in dollars and as a percentage of revenue:
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Amount | Amount | Amount | ||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 14,856,829 | $ | 29,674,534 | $ | 51,600,106 | ||||||
| Cost of revenues | (14,937,520 | ) | (29,422,847 | ) | (50,905,784 | ) | ||||||
| Gross (loss) profit | (80,691 | ) | 251,687 | 694,322 | ||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | (2,025,160 | ) | (1,143,399 | ) | (1,567,217 | ) | ||||||
| Share-based compensation expenses | (11,672,780 | ) | (2,214,000 | ) | - | |||||||
| Research and development expenses | (812,587 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | (14,510,527 | ) | (3,357,399 | ) | (1,567,217 | ) | ||||||
| Loss from operations | (14,591,218 | ) | (3,105,712 | ) | (872,895 | ) | ||||||
| Other income (expenses), net: | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | 2,067 | 220,819 | 259,056 | |||||||||
| Interest expenses | (697 | ) | (33,464 | ) | (12,869 | ) | ||||||
| Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiaries | (7,688 | ) | (45,160 | ) | - | |||||||
| Change in fair value of warrants | (18,522,010 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
| Loss from equity investment | (44,384 | ) | (2,386 | ) | - | |||||||
| Other income, net | 28 | 11,373 | 20,606 | |||||||||
| Total other (loss) income, net | (18,572,684 | ) | 151,182 | 266,793 | ||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (33,163,902 | ) | (2,954,530 | ) | (606,102 | ) | ||||||
| Income tax benefit (expense) | 51,051 | 236,013 | (142,440 | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (33,112,851 | ) | $ | (2,718,517 | ) | $ | (748,542 | ) | |||
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Revenues
Digital promotion services
The Company generates revenues primarily from digital promotion services to insurance companies on its various website channels, including pay for performance marketing services whereby customers are charged based on their insurance product information, and display advertising services that allow customers to place advertisements on various websites. Revenues from both types of transactions are recognized at a point in time when the performance obligation to deliver those online marketing services is checked and accepted by customers.
Risk Assessment services
The Company provides various risk assessment services of vehicle accident prediction to insurance companies to reduce their vehicle accident compensation risks. Based on the vehicle information we collected, we build our customers predictive models with multi-dimensional, multi-features and the risk assessment results in visual form. Consideration received for risk assessment services reflects stand-alone selling prices and are settled monthly based on standard unit prices and service volumes rendered during the period. The service revenue is recognized at a point in time upon the service delivery and acceptance by the customers.
Value-added Bundled Benefits
The Company sells value-added bundled benefits to insurance carriers through service codes which carriers provide to their clients as part of the latter’s service package. Upon presenting the code, vehicle owners are able to use a series of vehicle maintenance services such as car washing, car maintenance, driver services, and vehicle moving notification services. Revenue is recognized at the time when the related services have been delivered based on the specific terms of the contract.
Sales of goods and other services
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a promised service to a customer. Control is transferred at a point in time upon customer acceptance. Revenue is measured at the transaction price, which represents the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the service.
The following table sets forth the breakdown of our revenue for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024, respectively:
| For the Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Digital promotion services | $ | 14,281,489 | 96 | $ | 25,895,399 | 87 | $ | 37,844,632 | 73 | |||||||||||||||
| Sales of goods and other services | 279,742 | 2 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Risk assessment services | 184,956 | 1 | 3,412,131 | 12 | 8,660,684 | 17 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Value-added bundled benefits | 110,642 | 1 | 367,004 | 1 | 5,094,790 | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 14,856,829 | 100 | $ | 29,674,534 | 100 | $ | 51,600,106 | 100 | |||||||||||||||
Total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2026 decreased by $14.8 million, or 50%, to $14.9 million from $29.7 million for the same period in 2025, primarily due to decreases in our revenue from digital promotion services, risk assessment services and value-added bundled benefits.
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Total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2025 decreased by $22.0 million, or 42%, to $29.7 million from $51.6 million for the same period in 2024, primarily due to decreases in our revenue from digital promotion services, risk assessment services and value-added bundled benefits.
Total revenue for the year ended June 30, 2024 decreased by $42.7 million, or 45%, to $51.6 million from $94.3 million for the same period in 2023, primarily driven by decreases in our revenue from digital promotion services.
Revenues from Digital Promotion Services.
Revenues from digital promotion services accounted for 96%, 87% and 73% of our total revenues for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
For the year ended June 30, 2026, revenues from digital promotion services decreased by $11.6 million, or 45% from $25.9 million for the year ended June 30, 2025, to $14.3 million for the same period in 2026. The number of clicks was 13 million and 47 million for the fiscal year of 2026 and 2025, respectively. The decrease of revenue from fiscal year 2025 to 2026 was due to a decrease in the number of clients. For the year ended June 30, 2026, the number of digital promotion service clients decreased by 83 compared to the years ended June 30, 2025, while the individual business volume of cooperating clients also declined. Among the clients that cooperated in 2025, 93 terminated their partnerships in 2026, including 4 from the top 10 clients in 2025, resulting in a business volume reduction of $11.3 million.
For the year ended June 30, 2025, revenues from digital promotion services decreased by $12.0 million, or 32% from $37.8 million for the year ended June 30, 2024, to $25.9 million for the same period in 2025. The number of clicks was 47 million and 82 million for the fiscal year of 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease of revenue from fiscal year 2024 to 2025 was due to a decrease in the number of clicks, resulting from a decreasing number of customer orders, while the orders decrease was primarily caused by decreased customer demand in promotion business due to the overall economic downturn, which led to a contraction in clients’ business activities and a decline in transaction volumes.
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Revenues from Risk Assessment Services.
Revenues from risk assessment services accounted for 1% and 12% of our total revenues for the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Revenue for risk assessment services decreased by $3.2 million, or 95%, to $0.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2026 from $3.4 million for the same period in 2025, which was mainly due to the contraction in client business scale causing by macroeconomic conditions and the further decreased demand and budget of insurance companies for the risk assessment services.
Revenues from risk assessment services accounted for 11% and 17% of our total revenues for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Revenue for risk assessment services decreased by $5.2 million, or 61%, to $3.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $8.7 million for the same period in 2024, which was mainly due to the contraction in client business scale causing by macroeconomic conditions and the decreased demand and budget of insurance companies for the risk assessment services.
Revenues from Value-added Bundled Benefits.
Revenues from value-added bundled benefits accounted for 1% and 1% of our total revenues for the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Revenue for value-added bundled benefits decreased by $0.3 million, or 70%, to $0.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2026 from $0.4 million for the same period in 2025. The decline was primarily attributable to the overall further economic downturn, which led to a contraction in clients’ business activities and a decline in transaction volumes.
Revenues from value-added bundled benefits accounted for 1% and 10% of our total revenues for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Revenue for value-added bundled benefits decreased by $4.7 million, or 93%, to $0.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $5.1 million for the same period in 2024. The decline was primarily attributable to the overall economic downturn, which led to a contraction in clients’ business activities and a decline in transaction volumes.
Cost of Revenues
The following table sets forth the breakdown of our cost of revenue for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024, respectively:
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Digital promotion services | $ | 14,559,641 | 97 | $ | 25,760,347 | 88 | $ | 37,821,733 | 74 | |||||||||||||||
| Risk assessment services | 188,216 | 1 | 3,301,585 | 11 | 8,108,632 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Value-added bundled benefits | 108,383 | 1 | $ | 360,915 | 1 | 4,975,419 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales of goods and other services | 81,280 | 1 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 14,937,520 | 100 | $ | 29,422,847 | 100 | $ | 50,905,784 | 100 | |||||||||||||||
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Cost of digital promotion services decreased by $11.2 million or 43%, to $14.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2026 from $25.8 million for the same period in 2025, which was in tandem with the decrease in digital promotion services revenue for the year ended June 30, 2026.
Cost of risk assessment service decreased by $3.1 million or 94%, to $0.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2026 from $3.3 million for the same period in 2025. The decrease was in line with the decrease in risk assessment services revenues.
Cost of value-added bundled benefits decreased by $0.3 million, or 70%, to $0.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2026 from $0.4 million for the same period in 2025. The decrease was in line with the decrease in value-added bundled benefits revenues.
Cost of digital promotion services decreased by $12.1million or 32%, to $25.8 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $37.8 million for the same period in 2024, which was in tandem with the decrease in digital promotion services revenue for the year ended June 30, 2025.
Cost of risk assessment service decreased by $4.8 million or 59%, to $3.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $8.1 million for the same period in 2024. The decrease was in line with the decrease in risk assessment services revenues.
Cost of value-added bundled benefits decreased by $4.6 million, or 93%, to $0.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $5.0 million for the same period in 2024. The decrease was in line with the decrease in value-added bundled benefits revenues.
Gross (loss) profit
Gross (loss) profit is equal to our total revenues less cost of revenues. Gross (loss) profit as a percentage of our total revenues is referred to as gross margin.
Total gross loss decreased by $0.3 million, or 132%, to a loss of $0.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2026 from $0.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2025. Gross profit margin decreased by 1.4%, to a loss of 0.5% for the year ended June 30, 2026, from 0.8% for the same period in 2025.
Total gross profit decreased by $0.4 million, or 64%, to $0.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $0.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2024. Gross profit margin decreased by 0.5%, to 0.8% for the year ended June 30, 2025, from 1.3% for the same period in 2024.
Operating Expenses
General and Administrative Expenses
Our general and administrative expenses mainly consist of (i) salaries, bonuses and benefits for our personnel engaged in general corporate functions, (ii) rental and related expenses, (iii) general office expenses, (iv) recruitment and training expenses, (v) professional fees, (vi) travel, reception and related expenses, and (vii) depreciation and amortization expenses. We expect our general and administrative expenses to decrease modestly in the near future, as we have imposed cost control.
General and administrative expenses increased by $0.9 million, or 77%, to $2.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2026 from $1.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2025. The increase was primarily attributable to Service fee and listing fee and salary.
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Operating Expenses(cont.)
General and Administrative Expenses(cont.)
General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.4 million, or 27%, to $1.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2025 from $0.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to reduced compensation expenses.
General and administrative expenses increased by $0.1 million, or 7%, to $1.6 million for the year ended June 30, 2024 from $1.5 million for the year ended June 30, 2023. The modest increase was mainly due to: (1) an increase in exchange fees and impairment loss on current assets, (2) a decrease in employees and salary, (3) with the completion of our initial public offering, the related intermediary fees have also decreased.
Share-based compensation expenses
Share based awards granted to employees or nonemployees are accounted for under ASC 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation”, as either equity-classified or liability-classified transactions, depending on the specific terms and conditions of each award. For awards granted to consultants in exchange for future services, including shares that are immediately vested upon grant but are subject to a required service period, the fair value of the awards is recognized as prepaid share-based compensation expenses on the grant date. The prepaid share-based compensation expenses is subsequently amortized and recognized as share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, subject to the consultants’ continued provision of services. For awards granted to employees without any future service obligations, the full amount of compensation cost is recognized as share-based compensation expense in the consolidated financial statements of operations and other comprehensive loss on the grant date. For the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, share-based compensation expenses were $11,672,780 and $2,214,000, respectively.
Research and development expenses
For the year ended June 30, 2026, research and development expenses was $812,587, the Company initiated its foray into embodied AI robotics. Acquired robots serve as the foundational platform, dedicated exclusively to R&D and simulation testing to advance technical validation and product iteration.
Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiaries
Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiaries primarily consisted of net loss from the liquidation subsidiary of $7,688 and net loss of $45,160 for the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, respectively. There was no deconsolidation of a subsidiary for the year ended June 30, 2024.
The following table summarizes the loss on deconsolidation recognized by the Company:
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Gain on deconsolidation of RDYJ | $ | - | $ | 5,604 | $ | - | ||||||
| (Loss) on deconsolidation of Jiangsu YJYC | - | (50,764 | ) | - | ||||||||
| (Loss) on deconsolidation of Jiangsu Jingmo | (7,688 | ) | - | - | ||||||||
| Total loss on deconsolidation | $ | (7,688 | ) | $ | (45,160 | ) | $ | - | ||||
Change in fair value of warrants
Change in fair value of warrants for the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025 was $18,522,010 and nil, respectively. This fluctuation primarily driven by the initial measurement of 15.2 million new warrants issued in April 2026. Under ASC 815-40, these warrants are classified as liabilities; therefore, changes in their fair value are recognized in profit or loss.
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Other income (Expenses)
Interest income
Interest income decreased by $218,752, or 99%, to $2,067 for the year ended June 30, 2026, from $220,819 for the same period in 2025, which was due to the Repayment of loans to third parties recovered by the end of last year.
Interest income decreased by $38,237, or 15%, to $220,819 for the year ended June 30, 2025, from $259,056 for the same period in 2024, which was due to the Repayment of loans to third parties for the year.
Interest income increased by $256,412, or 9,698%, to $259,056 for the year ended June 30, 2024, from $2,644 for the same period in 2023, which was due to the new increase of loans to third parties for the year.
Interest expenses
Interest expenses decreased by $32,767, or 98%, to $697 for the year ended June 30, 2026, from $33,464 for the same period in 2025, which was due to the bank loans were paid off in July 2025.
Interest expenses increased by $20,595, or 160%, to $33,464 for the year ended June 30, 2025, from $12,869 for the same period in 2024, which was due to the new short-term bank loans borrowed in March 2025.
Interest expenses increased by $11,600, or 914%, to $12,869 for the year ended June 30, 2024, from $1,269 for the same period in 2023, which was due to the increase of short-term bank loans borrowed for the year.
Other income, net
Other income, net decreased by $11,345, or 100%, to $28 for the year ended June 30, 2026, from $11,373 for the same period in 2025, which was due to the impact of the decrease of supplier balance waivers compared to the year ended June 30, 2025. Other income, net primarily consisted of supplier waived the balance for the year ended June 30, 2025. Other income, net primarily consisted of VAT input tax super-deduction of 10% resulting in a VAT reduction of $17,679 and special fund subsidy of $4,066 for the year ended June 30, 2024.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our income tax benefit was a loss of $51,051 for the years ended June 30, 2026 which meanly due to impact of the widening pre-tax loss. While our provision for income taxes, a loss of $51,051, a loss of $236,013, and $142,440 for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Under the Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) Law of the PRC, taxable income of domestic enterprises and Foreign Investment Enterprises (the “FIE”) are usually subject to a unified 25% EIT rate while preferential tax rates, tax holidays, and even tax exemption may be granted on case-by-case basis.
Net loss
As a result of the foregoing, we had a net loss of $33,112,851, a net loss of $2,718,517 and a net loss of $748,542 for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
In assessing our liquidity, we monitor and analyze our cash on-hand and our operating and capital expenditure commitments. As of June 30, 2026, we had cash of $12,333,758.
During the year ended June 30, 2026, we have funded our operations primarily through cash generated from operations, bank borrowings and net proceeds of $4.06 million from a PIPE transaction.
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We believe that our current levels of cash and cash flows from operations, combined with the net proceeds from this proposed offering, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for our operations and expansion plans for at least the next 12 months from the date of this annual report. We may, however, need additional cash resources in the future if we experience changes in business conditions or other developments. We may also need additional cash resources in the future if we find and wish to pursue opportunities for investment, acquisition, capital expenditures or similar actions. If we determine that our cash requirements exceed the amount of cash we have on hand, we may seek to issue additional equity or equity-linked securities or obtain debt financing. The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that could restrict our operations.
Current foreign exchange and other regulations in the PRC may restrict our PRC entities in their ability to transfer their net assets to the Company and its subsidiaries in the Cayman Islands, and Hong Kong. However, we have no present plans to declare dividends and plan to retain our earnings to continue to grow our business. In addition, these restrictions have no impact on our ability to meet our cash obligations as all of our current cash obligations are due within the PRC.
Cash flows
For the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
| For the Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (2,158,972 | ) | $ | (2,821,147 | ) | $ | (1,353,154 | ) | |||
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (409,409 | ) | 3,810,573 | (9,470,530 | ) | |||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 3,669,752 | 5,392,367 | 14,344,328 | |||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash | 49,604 | (33,360 | ) | 19,997 | ||||||||
| Net increase in cash | 1,150,975 | 6,348,433 | 3,540,641 | |||||||||
| Cash at the beginning of the year | 11,182,783 | 4,834,350 | 1,293,709 | |||||||||
| Cash at the end of the year | $ | 12,333,758 | $ | 11,182,783 | $ | 4,834,350 | ||||||
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities amounted to $2,158,972 for the year ended June 30, 2026. It was primarily due to a) a net loss of $33,112,851, adjusted by change in fair value of warrants of 18.6 million; b) a share-based compensation expense of $11.7 million; c) a decrease in advances to suppliers of $0.7 million was due to due to reduced procurement demand as of June 30, 2026;
Net cash used in operating activities amounted to $2,821,147 for the year ended June 30, 2025. It was primarily due to a) a net loss of $2,718,517, adjusted by loss on deconsolidation of $45,160 and a share-based compensation expense of $2.2 million.; b) an increase in advances to suppliers of $1.6 million was due to we made payments to our suppliers in advance in order to fix a lower purchase price as of June 30, 2025; and c) a decrease in accounts payable of $0.5 million;
Net cash used in operating activities amounted to $1,353,154 for the year ended June 30, 2024. It was primarily due to a) a net loss of $748,542, adjusted by depreciation and amortization of $7,300 and provision for doubtful accounts of $128,652; b) decrease in advances to suppliers of $0.9 million was due to we made payments to our suppliers in advance in order to have a lower purchase price since our customers made payments in advance to us as of June 30, 2024; c) decrease in advance from customers of $1.8 million was due to our customers made payments in advance whereas the service was not delivered as of June 30, 2024.
Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities was $409,409 for the year ended June 30, 2026 was for the purchases of property and equipment of $0.4 million, and proceeds from disposal of equity method investment was $39,939.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $3,810,573 for the year ended June 30, 2025 was for the collection of loans to third parties of $9.7 million, purchases of property and equipment of $5.8 million, and payment for equity investment $83,815.
Net cash used in investing activities was $9,470,530 for the year ended June 30, 2024 was mainly for the new increase of loans to third parties.
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Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to $3,669,752 for the year ended June 30, 2026, representing receipt of $4,068,130 net proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares, and repayments of short-term loans totaling $398,378.
Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to $5,427,229 for the year ended June 30, 2025, representing receipt of $5,700,000 proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares, proceeds from a short-term loan of $388,368, and repayments of short-term loans totaling $696,001.
Net cash provided by financing activities amounted to 14,344,328 for the year ended June 30, 2024, representing proceeds from a short-term loan of 981,409, payments of short-term bank loans of 420,604 and issuance of ordinary shares for cash of $13,783,523.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our material contractual obligations, which are comprised of operating lease obligations and bank loan, as of June 30, 2026, and the effect these obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.
| Payments due by period | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Less than 1 year | 1 – 2 years | 2 – 3 years | More than 3 years | ||||||||||||||||
| Contractual Obligations | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease obligations | 2,910 | 1,455 | 1,455 | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,910 | $ | 1,455 | $ | 1,455 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||||||
Other than those shown above, we did not have any significant capital and other commitments, long-term obligations, or guarantees as of June 30, 2026.
Trend Information
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments, or events that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net revenue, income from operations, profitability, liquidity, or capital resources, or that would cause reported financial information not necessarily to be indicative of future operating results or financial condition.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. In addition, we have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our own shares and classified as shareholders’ equity, or that are not reflected in our financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. Moreover, we do not have any variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with us.
Critical Accounting Policies and Management Estimates
Use of estimates
We prepare our financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make judgements, estimates and assumptions. We continually evaluate these estimates and assumptions based on the most recently available information, our own historical experiences and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, actual results could differ from our expectations as a result of changes in our estimates. Our critical accounting estimates require a higher degree of judgement than others in their application and involve a significant level of uncertainty at the time the estimate was made, and changes in them have had or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations. We believe the following accounting policies involve critical estimates. For a detailed discussion of our significant accounting policies and related judgements, see “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements—Note 2 Significant Accounting Policies” of our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in the annual report.
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Revenue recognition
The Company recognizes revenue per FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) for all periods presented. According to ASC 606, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. We assess our revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. Revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations are divided into separate distinct goods or services.
The Company’s revenues are derived principally from digital promotion services, risk-assessment services, and value-added services. Value added taxes (“VAT”) are presented as a reduction of revenues.
Digital promotion services
The Company generates revenues primarily from digital promotion services to insurance companies on its various website channels, including pay for performance marketing services whereby customers are charged based on their insurance product information, and display advertising services that allow customers to place advertisements on various websites.
Pursuant to the digital promotion contracts, the performance obligation of the Company is to provide promotion services for the planning, designing, customizing strategy scheme and promoting for the customer. The Company considers that both the digital market planning and promotion services are highly interrelated and not separately identifiable. The Company’s overall promise represents a combined output that is a single performance obligation. Revenues are recorded at a point in time when the performance obligation to deliver those digital promotion services is checked and accepted.
For the contracts that involve the third-party vendors, the Company considers itself as provider of the services as it has control of the specified services at any time before it is transferred to the customers which is evidenced by (i) the Company is primarily responsible for the planning and producing the content for the promotion, (ii) having latitude in selecting third party vendors for promotions, and (iii) the Company has discretion in establishing the prices charged to customers for the promotion services. Therefore, the Company acts as the principal of these arrangements and reports revenue earned and costs incurred related to these transactions on a gross basis.
Risk-assessment services
The Company generates risk-assessment revenue from service fees of providing assessment reports to the insurance carriers. Utilizing the self-developed proprietary algorithmic model, the Company generates individualized risk reports based on the vehicle brand, model, travel area, and driver’s information.
Pursuant to the risk assessment contracts, the performance obligation of the Company is to utilize its self-developed risk assessment model and to provide risk assessment reports to customers. Consideration received reflects stand-alone selling prices and are settled monthly based on standard unit prices and service volumes rendered during the period. Revenue recognized at a point in time upon the services delivery and acceptance by the customers.
For the contracts that involve technical services developed by the Company, the Company considers itself as provider of the services as it has control of the specified services at any time before it is transferred to the customers which is evidenced by (i) the Company is primarily responsible for the production of the risk assessment reports with self-developed models and (ii) the Company has discretion in establishing the prices charged to customers for the promotion services. Therefore, the Company acts as the principal of these arrangements and reports revenue earned and costs incurred related to these transactions on a gross basis.
Value-added bundled benefits services
The Company enters into value-added bundled benefits contracts with insurance companies. Pursuant to the value-added bundled benefit contracts, the Company provides the service codes with value-added bundled benefits to customers. The bundled benefits include but not limited to auto maintenance services, auto value-added services, vehicle moving notification services and other services. The Company is primarily responsible for selecting the out-sourced vendors, integrating out-sourced services and services provided in house to generate various bundled benefits service codes and providing bundled technical support for the codes. The Company’s overall promise represents a combined output that is a single performance obligation; there are no multiple performance obligations.
For the contracts that involve the third-party vendors, the Company considers itself as principal of the services as it has control of the specified services at any time before it is transferred to the customers which is evidenced by (i) the Company is primarily responsible for the generation of the codes and integrating various services provided by itself and outsourced vendors with the Company’s promise to provide products and services according to the contract entered into with customers, (ii) having latitude in selecting third party vendors for some value-added services, and (iii) the Company has discretion in establishing the prices charged to customers for the promotion services. Therefore, the Company acts as the principal of these arrangements and reports revenue earned and costs incurred related to these transactions on a gross basis. Revenue from value-added bundled benefits is recognized at a point in time when the Company satisfies the performance obligation by transferring promised services upon acceptance by customers.
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Sales of goods and others
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a promised good or service to a customer. Control is transferred at a point in time, typically upon customers obtain control of and accept the goods of services. Revenue is measured at the transaction price, which represents the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to the customer.
Income taxes
The Company accounts for current income taxes in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities. Deferred income taxes are recognized when temporary differences exist between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period including the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce net deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
An uncertain tax position is recognized only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. Penalties and interest incurred related to underpayment of income tax are classified as income tax expense in the period incurred. No significant penalties or interest relating to income taxes have been incurred for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024. The Company does not believe that there were any uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024. The Company’s subsidiaries in China are subject to the income tax laws of the PRC. No significant income was generated outside the PRC for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024.
Impairment of long-lived assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability is assessed by comparing the carrying amount of the asset group to the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds the sum of its expected undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the asset group. For the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024, no impairment loss was recognized.
Emerging Growth Company Status
We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. This provision allows an emerging growth company to delay the adoption of new accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to use the extended transition period under the JOBS Act until the earlier of the date we (1) are no longer an emerging growth company or (2) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.
Recent accounting pronouncements
For detailed discussion on recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.
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Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
6.A. Directors and Senior Management
The following table sets forth information regarding our directors and executive officers as of the date of this annual report.
| Directors and Executive Officers | Age | Position/Title | ||
| Jian Chen | 39 | Chief Executive Officer, Director | ||
| Qingcai Li | 41 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Xu Xie | 37 | Independent Director | ||
| Da Yang | 39 | Independent Director | ||
| Shaolan Ma | 67 | Independent Director |
Jian Chen, Chief Executive Officer, Director
Jian Chen is the founder of the Company and has been our Chief Executive Officer since June 30, 2021. He was the founder, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Product Officer of Youbaolian from 2016 to 2018. Prior to that, he was the department head of client services department at Autohome Inc. from 2015 to 2016. Mr. Chen had held a variety of management positions at various travel agent companies in his career since 2010. Mr. Chen is in charge of setting business strategy for the Company and overseeing the firmwide operations within the Company. He is also supervising the financial situation of the Company on a regular basis. Mr. Chen holds a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science from Wuhan Technology University and a Master’s degree in Project Management from China Agricultural University.
Qingcai Li, Chief Financial Officer
Mr. Qingcai Li has been the Financial Controller of Youjiayoubao (Beijing) Technology Co., Limited, a indirect subsidiary 100% owned by the Company since 2018. Mr. Li was the Director of the Settlement Department at Tianjin Rong Bao Payment Network Co., Ltd. from 2017 and 2018 and at Beijing Bian Hui Business Service Co., Ltd. from 2014 to 2017. Mr. Li was the Settlement Team Leader at Beijing Zhang Shang Tong Network Technology Co., Ltd. from 2010 to 2014. Mr. Li earned his Bachelor’s degree in Finance from Beijing Normal University in 2016.
Xu Xie, Independent Director
Mr. Xu Xie is a finance professional with over a decade of experience in financial management, accounting, and U.S. GAAP compliance. He began his career at Xinghe Du’an Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. as a financial settlement specialist and supervisor from 2012 to 2014. He then held senior roles at Yimax (Beijing) Business Consulting Co., Ltd. and Beijing Yimeier Medical Cosmetic Hospital Co., Ltd., where he oversaw financial operations, budgeting, and tax management. In 2019, Mr. Xu became the Chief Financial Officer of Beijing Quanxing Space-Time Technology Co., Ltd., where he led the establishment of the finance department and supported the company’s U.S. IPO preparation with GAAP-compliant reporting and audit coordination. Since 2020, he has been an entrepreneur and external financial consultant, advising multiple companies on U.S. GAAP compliance, audit readiness, and financial reporting improvements.
Mr. Xu holds a Bachelor of Economics in Finance from Beijing Normal University.
Da Yang, Independent Director
Mr. Da Yang is an experienced professional with over a decade of expertise in marketing, sales, and channel management. He currently serves as the Marketing Director at Beijing Urban New Space Technology Co., Ltd., where he oversees channel sales strategy and management. Previously, he was a Senior Marketing Manager at Gome Insurance Brokerage Co., Ltd., responsible for corporate sales. He also served as the Assistant to the General Manager at Dade Liangju Trading (Beijing) Co., Ltd., managing retail operations and marketing campaigns. Earlier in his career, he worked as a Business Manager at the Beijing Branch of China Life Property & Casualty Insurance Co., Ltd., focusing on key account sales and channel development.
Mr. Yang earned an associate degree from Capital Normal University in 2008.
Shaolan Ma, Independent Director
Ms. Shaolan Ma is a seasoned financial professional with 36 years of experience in enterprise management and financial risk management. She began her career at the Shaoyang Branch of the People’s Bank of China, where she held various leadership roles from 1978 to 1995. She later held senior positions at Zhuhai Zhuguang Financial Company and Zhuhai Commercial Bank. In 1998, Ms. Ma played a key role in establishing the Zhuhai Branch of China Everbright Bank, where she served in multiple executive capacities including General Manager of Risk Management and Branch Office operations until her retirement in 2014.
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Family Relationships
None of the directors, director appointees, or executive officers has a family relationship as defined in Item 401 of Regulation S-K.
6.B. Compensation
Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements
We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers. We may terminate employment for cause, at any time, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as continued failure to comply with the Company’s internal regulations, failure to provide necessary social security documents for the Company to process social security insurance within 3 months since the entry of the employment agreement, or dishonest act that results in material to our detriment or material of the employment agreement. We may also terminate an executive officer’s employment without cause upon 30-day advance written notice.
Each executive officer has agreed to hold, both during and after the termination or expiry of his or her employment agreement, in strict confidence and not to use, except as required in the performance of his or her duties in connection with the employment or pursuant to applicable law, any of our confidential information or trade secrets, any confidential information or trade secrets of our clients or prospective clients, or the confidential or proprietary information of any third party received by us and for which we have confidential obligations and rights for these inventions, designs and trade secrets.
In addition, each executive officer has agreed to be bound by non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions during the term of his or her employment and typically for one year following the last date of employment. Specifically, each executive officer has agreed not to engage in business that is similar or identical to the Company’s business, or to provide assistance for any individual or organization who is involved in similar or identical business with the Company.
Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers
In fiscal year ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, we paid an aggregate of RMB120,000 ($17,619), and RMB180,000 ($25,145), in cash to our executive officers, and we did not pay any compensation to our non-executive directors. We have not set aside or accrued any amount to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our directors and executive officers. The PRC Operating Entities are required by law to make contributions equal to certain percentages of each employee’s salary for his or her pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and other statutory benefits and a housing provident fund.
Equity Incentive Plan
2024 Equity Incentive Plan
On September 3, 2024, the Company adopted the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2024 Plan, for the purpose of granting share based compensation awards to current or prospective employees, directors, officers, advisors or consultants of the Company or its affiliates and align their interests with ours. The maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares which may be issued pursuant to all awards under the 2024 Plan was 2,700,000 ordinary shares.
As of the date of this annual report, 2,700,000 ordinary shares have been granted under the 2024 Plan.
The following paragraphs summarize the terms of the 2024 Plan.
Administration. The 2024 Plan is administered by the board of directors or committee or individuals authorized by the board of directors, and once the Compensation Committee is established, the Compensation Committee will administer the 2024 Plan (such committee that administers the 2024 Plan, the “Committee”). The Committee will have the authority to determine the terms and conditions of any agreements evidencing any awards granted under the 2024 Plan and to adopt, alter and repeal rules, guidelines and practices relating to the 2024 Plan. The Committee will have full discretion to administer and interpret the 2024 Plan and to adopt such rules, regulations and procedures as it deems necessary or advisable.
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Eligibility. Current or prospective employees, directors, officers, advisors or consultants of the Company or its affiliates are eligible to participate in the 2024 Plan. The Committee has the sole and complete authority to determine who is granted an award under the 2024 Plan, however, it may delegate such authority to one or more officers of the Company under the circumstances set forth in the 2024 Plan.
Number of Shares Authorized. The 2024 Plan provides for an aggregate of 2,700,000 ordinary shares to be available for awards. If an award is forfeited or if any option terminates, expires or lapses without being exercised, the ordinary shares subject to such award will again be made available for future grant. Shar ordinary shares that are used to pay the exercise price of an option or that are withheld to satisfy the participant’s tax withholding obligation will not be available for re-grant under the 2024 Plan.
Each ordinary share subject to an option or a stock appreciation right will reduce the number of ordinary shares available for issuance by one share, and each ordinary share underlying an award of restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock bonus awards and performance compensation awards will reduce the number of ordinary shares available for issuance by one share.
If there is any change in the corporate capitalization, the Committee in its sole discretion may make substitutions or adjustments to the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2024 Plan, the number of shares covered by awards then outstanding under the 2024 Plan, the limitations on awards under the 2024 Plan, the exercise price of outstanding options and such other equitable substitution or adjustments as it may determine appropriate.
Term of Plan. The 2024 Plan will have a term of ten years and no further awards may be granted under the 2024 Plan after that date.
Awards Available for Grant. The Committee may grant awards of non-qualified stock options, incentive (qualified) stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock bonus awards, performance compensation awards (including cash bonus awards) or any combination of the foregoing.
Options. The Committee is authorized to grant options to purchase ordinary shares that are either “qualified,” meaning they are intended to satisfy the requirements of Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, Section 422 for incentive stock options, or “non-qualified,” meaning they are not intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 422 of the Code. Options granted under the 2024 Plan is subject to the terms and conditions established by the Committee. Under the terms of the 2024 Plan, the exercise price of the options will be set forth in the applicable award agreement. Options granted under the 2024 Plan are subject to such terms, including the exercise price and the conditions and timing of exercise, as may be determined by the Committee and specified in the applicable award agreement. The maximum term of an option granted under the 2024 Plan is ten years from the date of grant (or five years in the case of a qualified option granted to a 10% stockholder).
Stock Appreciation Rights. The Committee is authorized to award stock appreciation rights (or SARs) under the 2024 Plan. SARs are subject to the terms and conditions established by the Committee. An SAR is a contractual right that allows a participant to receive, either in the form of cash, shares or any combination of cash and shares, the appreciation, if any, in the value of a share over a certain period of time. An option granted under the 2024 Plan may include SARs and SARs may also be awarded to a participant independent of the grant of an option. SARs granted in connection with an option shall be subject to terms similar to the option corresponding to such SARs. SARs shall be subject to terms established by the Committee and reflected in the award agreement.
Restricted Stock. The Committee is authorized to award restricted stock under the 2024 Plan. The Committee will determine the terms of such restricted stock awards. Restricted stock are ordinary shares that generally are non-transferable and subject to other restrictions determined by the Committee for a specified period. Unless the Committee determines otherwise or specifies otherwise in an award agreement, if the participant terminates employment or services during the restricted period, then any unvested restricted stock is forfeited.
Restricted Stock Unit Awards. The Committee is authorized to award restricted stock unit awards. The Committee will determine the terms of such restricted stock units. Unless the Committee determines otherwise or specifies otherwise in an award agreement, if the participant terminates employment or services during the period of time over which all or a portion of the units are to be earned, then any unvested units will be forfeited.
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Stock Bonus Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant awards of unrestricted ordinary shares or other awards denominated in ordinary shares, either alone or in tandem with other awards, under such terms and conditions as the Committee may determine.
Performance Compensation Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant any award under the 2024 Plan in the form of a performance compensation award by conditioning the vesting of the award on the attainment of specific levels of performance of the Company and/or one or more affiliates, divisions or operational units, or any combination thereof, as determined by the Committee.
Transferability. Each award may be exercised during the participant’s lifetime only by the participant or, if permissible under applicable law, by the participant’s guardian or legal representative and may not be otherwise transferred or encumbered by a participant other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. The Committee, however, may permit awards (other than incentive stock options) to be transferred to family members, a trust for the benefit of such family members, a partnership or limited liability company whose partners or stockholders are the participant and his or her family members or anyone else approved by it.
Amendment. The board of directors may amend, suspend or terminate the 2024 Plan at any time; however, stockholder approval to amend the 2024 Plan may be necessary if the law or the rules of the national exchange so requires. No amendment, suspension or termination will impair the rights of any participant or recipient of any award without the consent of the participant or recipient.
Change in Control. Except to the extent otherwise provided in an award agreement or as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, in the event of a change in control, all outstanding options and equity awards (other than performance compensation awards) issued under the 2024 Plan will become fully vested and performance compensation awards will vest, as determined by the Committee, based on the level of attainment of the specified performance goals.
2025 Equity Incentive Plan
On July 29, 2025, the Company adopted the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2025 Plan, for the purpose of granting share based compensation awards to current or prospective employees, directors, officers, advisors or consultants of the Company or its affiliates and align their interests with ours. The maximum aggregate number of ordinary shares which may be issued pursuant to all awards under the 2025 Plan was 9,500,000 ordinary shares .
As of the date of this annual report, 9,500,000 ordinary shares have been granted under the 2025 Plan.
The following paragraphs summarize the terms of the 2025 Plan.
Administration. The 2025 Plan is administered by the board of directors or committee or individuals authorized by the board of directors, and once the Compensation Committee is established, the Compensation Committee will administer the 2025 Plan (such committee that administers the 2025 Plan, the “Committee”). The Committee will have the authority to determine the terms and conditions of any agreements evidencing any awards granted under the 2025 Plan and to adopt, alter and repeal rules, guidelines and practices relating to the 2025 Plan. The Committee will have full discretion to administer and interpret the 2025 Plan and to adopt such rules, regulations and procedures as it deems necessary or advisable.
Eligibility. Current or prospective employees, directors, officers, advisors or consultants of the Company or its affiliates are eligible to participate in the 2025 Plan. The Committee has the sole and complete authority to determine who is granted an award under the 2025 Plan, however, it may delegate such authority to one or more officers of the Company under the circumstances set forth in the 2025 Plan.
Number of Shares Authorized. The 2025 Plan provides for an aggregate of 9,500,000 ordinary shares to be available for awards. If an award is forfeited or if any option terminates, expires or lapses without being exercised, the ordinary shares subject to such award will again be made available for future grant. Shar ordinary shares that are used to pay the exercise price of an option or that are withheld to satisfy the participant’s tax withholding obligation will not be available for re-grant under the 2025 Plan.
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Each ordinary share subject to an option or a stock appreciation right will reduce the number of ordinary shares available for issuance by one share, and each ordinary share underlying an award of restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock bonus awards and performance compensation awards will reduce the number of ordinary shares available for issuance by one share.
If there is any change in the corporate capitalization, the Committee in its sole discretion may make substitutions or adjustments to the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2025 Plan, the number of shares covered by awards then outstanding under the 2025 Plan, the limitations on awards under the 2025 Plan, the exercise price of outstanding options and such other equitable substitution or adjustments as it may determine appropriate.
Term of Plan. The 2025 Plan will have a term of ten years and no further awards may be granted under the 2025 Plan after that date.
Awards Available for Grant. The Committee may grant awards of non-qualified stock options, incentive (qualified) stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock bonus awards, performance compensation awards (including cash bonus awards) or any combination of the foregoing.
Options. The Committee is authorized to grant options to purchase ordinary shares that are either “qualified,” meaning they are intended to satisfy the requirements of Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, Section 422 for incentive stock options, or “non-qualified,” meaning they are not intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 422 of the Code. Options granted under the 2025 Plan is subject to the terms and conditions established by the Committee. Under the terms of the 2025 Plan, the exercise price of the options will be set forth in the applicable award agreement. Options granted under the 2025 Plan are subject to such terms, including the exercise price and the conditions and timing of exercise, as may be determined by the Committee and specified in the applicable award agreement. The maximum term of an option granted under the 2025 Plan is ten years from the date of grant (or five years in the case of a qualified option granted to a 10% stockholder).
Stock Appreciation Rights. The Committee is authorized to award stock appreciation rights (or SARs) under the 2025 Plan. SARs are subject to the terms and conditions established by the Committee. An SAR is a contractual right that allows a participant to receive, either in the form of cash, shares or any combination of cash and shares, the appreciation, if any, in the value of a share over a certain period of time. An option granted under the 2025 Plan may include SARs and SARs may also be awarded to a participant independent of the grant of an option. SARs granted in connection with an option shall be subject to terms similar to the option corresponding to such SARs. SARs shall be subject to terms established by the Committee and reflected in the award agreement.
Restricted Stock. The Committee is authorized to award restricted stock under the 2025 Plan. The Committee will determine the terms of such restricted stock awards. Restricted stock are ordinary shares that generally are non-transferable and subject to other restrictions determined by the Committee for a specified period. Unless the Committee determines otherwise or specifies otherwise in an award agreement, if the participant terminates employment or services during the restricted period, then any unvested restricted stock is forfeited.
Restricted Stock Unit Awards. The Committee is authorized to award restricted stock unit awards. The Committee will determine the terms of such restricted stock units. Unless the Committee determines otherwise or specifies otherwise in an award agreement, if the participant terminates employment or services during the period of time over which all or a portion of the units are to be earned, then any unvested units will be forfeited.
Stock Bonus Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant awards of unrestricted ordinary shares or other awards denominated in ordinary shares, either alone or in tandem with other awards, under such terms and conditions as the Committee may determine.
Performance Compensation Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant any award under the 2025 Plan in the form of a performance compensation award by conditioning the vesting of the award on the attainment of specific levels of performance of the Company and/or one or more affiliates, divisions or operational units, or any combination thereof, as determined by the Committee.
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Transferability. Each award may be exercised during the participant’s lifetime only by the participant or, if permissible under applicable law, by the participant’s guardian or legal representative and may not be otherwise transferred or encumbered by a participant other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. The Committee, however, may permit awards (other than incentive stock options) to be transferred to family members, a trust for the benefit of such family members, a partnership or limited liability company whose partners or stockholders are the participant and his or her family members or anyone else approved by it.
Amendment. The board of directors may amend, suspend or terminate the 2025 Plan at any time; however, stockholder approval to amend the 2025 Plan may be necessary if the law or the rules of the national exchange so requires. No amendment, suspension or termination will impair the rights of any participant or recipient of any award without the consent of the participant or recipient.
Change in Control. Except to the extent otherwise provided in an award agreement or as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, in the event of a change in control, all outstanding options and equity awards (other than performance compensation awards) issued under the 2025 Plan will become fully vested and performance compensation awards will vest, as determined by the Committee, based on the level of attainment of the specified performance goals.
Compensation Recovery Policy
On December 7, 2023, our board of directors adopted an executive compensation recovery policy (the “Compensation Recovery Policy”), providing for the recovery of certain incentive-based compensation from current and former executive officers of the Company in the event the Company is required to restate any of its financial statements filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act in order to correct an error that is material to the previously-issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period. Adoption of the Compensation Recovery Policy was mandated by new Nasdaq listing standards introduced pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 10D-1. The Compensation Recovery Policy is in addition to Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which permits the SEC to order the disgorgement of bonuses and incentive-based compensation earned by a registrant issuer’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer in the year following the filing of any financial statement that the issuer is required to restate because of misconduct, and the reimbursement of those funds to the issuer. A copy of the Compensation Recovery Policy has been incorporated by reference herewith as Exhibit 97.1.
6.C. Board Practices
Board of Directors
Our board of directors consists of four directors. A director is not required to hold any shares in our company to qualify to serve as a director. Subject to the rules of the relevant stock exchange and disqualification by the chairman of the board of directors, a director may vote with respect to any contract, proposed contract, or arrangement in which he or she is materially interested. A director may exercise all the powers of the company to borrow money, mortgage its business, property and uncalled capital and issue debentures or other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any obligation of the company or of any third party. There are no directors’ service contracts with the Company or its subsidiaries providing for benefits upon termination of employment.
Committees of the board of directors
We have established an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and corporate governance committee under the board of directors, and adopted a charter for each of the three committees= Each committee’s members and functions are described below.
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Audit Committee. Our audit committee consists of Mr. Xu Xie, Ms. Shaolan Ma, and Mr. Da Yang and is chaired by Mr. Xu Xie. Mr. Xu Xie, Ms. Shaolan Ma, and Mr. Da Yang each satisfies the “independence” requirements of Rule 5605 of the Corporate Governance Rules of Nasdaq Stock Market and meet the independence standards under Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. We have determined that Mr. Xu Xie qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert.” The audit committee will oversee our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee will be responsible for, among other things:
| ● | selecting the independent registered public accounting firm and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm; |
| ● | reviewing with the independent registered public accounting firm any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response; |
| ● | reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions, as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act; |
| ● | discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent registered public accounting firm; |
| ● | reviewing major issues as to the adequacy of our internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies; |
| ● | annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter; |
| ● | meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent registered public accounting firm; and |
| ● | reporting regularly to the board. |
Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee consists of Mr. Xu Xie, Ms. Shaolan Ma, and Mr. Da Yang and is chaired by Ms. Shaolan Ma. Mr. Xu Xie, Ms. Shaolan Ma, and Mr. Da Yang each satisfies the “independence” requirements of Rule 5605 of the Corporate Governance Rules of Nasdaq Stock Market. The compensation committee will assist the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated upon. The compensation committee will be responsible for, among other things:
| ● | reviewing the total compensation package for our executive officers and making recommendations to the board; |
| ● | reviewing the compensation of our non-employee directors and making recommendations to the board with respect to it; and |
| ● | periodically reviewing and approving any long-term incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements, annual bonuses, and employee pension and welfare benefit plans. |
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Mr. Xu Xie, Ms. Shaolan Ma, and Mr. Da Yang and is chaired by Mr. Da Yang. Mr. Xu Xie, Ms. Shaolan Ma, and Mr. Da Yang each satisfies the “independence” requirements of Section Rule 5605 of the Corporate Governance Rules of Nasdaq Stock Market. The nominating and corporate governance committee will assist the board in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees. The nominating and corporate governance committee will be responsible for, among other things:
| ● | recommending nominees to the board for appointment or re-appointment to the board, or for appointment to fill any vacancy on the board; |
| ● | reviewing annually with the board the current composition of the board with regards to characteristics such as independence, age, skills, experience and availability of service to us; |
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| ● | selecting and recommending to the board the names of directors to serve as members of the audit committee and the compensation committee, as well as of the nominating and corporate governance committee itself; and |
| ● | monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance. |
Duties of Directors
As a matter of Cayman Islands law, directors of a Cayman Islands company owe fiduciary duties to the company and separately a duty of care, diligence and skill to the company. Under Cayman Islands law, directors and officers owe the following fiduciary duties: (i) a duty to act in good faith in what the director or officer believes to be in the best interests of the company as a whole; (ii) a duty to exercise powers for the purposes for which those powers were conferred and not for a collateral purpose; (iii) directors should not improperly fetter the exercise of future discretion; (iv) a duty to exercise powers fairly as between different classes of shareholders; (v) a duty to exercise independent judgment; and (vi) a duty not to put themselves in a position in which there is a conflict between their duty to the company and their personal interests. In fulfilling their duty of care to our company, our directors must ensure compliance with our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association, as amended and restated from time to time. Our company may have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached.
Our board of directors has all the powers necessary for managing, and for directing and supervising, our business affairs. The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:
| ● | convening shareholders’ annual and extraordinary general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings; |
| ● | declaring dividends and distributions; |
| ● | appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers; |
| ● | exercising the borrowing powers of our company and mortgaging the property of our company; and |
| ● | approving the transfer of shares in our company, including the registration of such transfer in our register of members. |
Terms of Directors and Officers
Our directors may be appointed by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. Alternatively, our board of directors may, by the majority resolution of the directors appoint any person as a director to fill a casual vacancy on our board or as an addition to the existing board. Our directors are not automatically subject to a term of office and hold office until such time as they are removed from office by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. In addition, a director will cease to be a director if he (i) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; (ii) dies or is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing; (iv) without special leave of absence from our board, is absent from meetings of our board for three consecutive meetings and our board resolves that his office be vacated; or (v) is removed from office pursuant to any other provision of our articles of association.
Our officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors, and may be removed by our board of directors.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
To the best of our knowledge, none of our directors or officers has been convicted in a criminal proceeding, excluding traffic violations or similar misdemeanors, nor has any been a party to any judicial or administrative proceeding during the past five years that resulted in a judgment, decree or final order enjoining the person from future violations of, or prohibiting activities subject to, federal or state securities laws, or a finding of any violation of federal or state securities laws, except for matters that were dismissed without sanction or settlement. Except as set forth in our discussion below in “Related Party Transactions,” our directors and officers have not been involved in any transactions with us or any of our affiliates or associates which are required to be disclosed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.
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Nasdaq Compliance Matters
On December 13, 2024, the Company received a letter from the Listing Qualifications Department of the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) stating that because the Company’s ordinary shares had a closing bid price at or above $1.00 per share for 10 consecutive business days, from November 27 through December 12, 2024, the Company had regained compliance with the minimum bid price requirement of $1.00 per share for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), and that the matter was then closed.
On October 21, 2024, the Company received a letter from the staff at Nasdaq notifying the Company that, for the 30 consecutive business days prior to the date of the letter, the Company’s Market Value of Listed Securities (“MVLS”) was below the minimum of $35 million required for continued listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(2). Based on the Company’s annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024, filed on October 30, 2024, the Company reported stockholders’ equity of $13,873,998. On November 14, 2024, Nasdaq staff confirmed that the Company meets the minimum $2.5 million stockholders’ equity requirement under Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). Accordingly, the matter was then closed.
6.D. Employees
As of June 30, 2026 and as of the date of this annual report, we had a total of 15 full-time employees and no part-time employees.
| Department | June 30, 2026 |
|||
| Senior Management | 3 | |||
| Human Resources & Administration | 2 | |||
| Editorial Content Department | 3 | |||
| Research & Development | 4 | |||
| Business operation | 3 | |||
| Total | 15 | |||
Our employees are not protected by representatives of labor organizations and collective bargaining agreements. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees and we have not experienced any major labor disputes. According to the laws of the People’s Republic of China, we are required to make contributions to the employee welfare plan based on specific percentages of employee salaries, bonuses and certain allowances, and the maximum amount is set by the local government from time to time. According to Chinese regulations, we have participated in various employee social security programs organized by local governments. We have paid social insurance for all employees, including housing provident fund and five types of social insurance including pension, medical care, work-related injury, unemployment, and maternity.
We strengthened staff training, implemented performance appraisal and other measures to improve staff monetization and work efficiency. We believe that we maintain a good relationship with our employees.
6.E. Share Ownership
The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership, within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares as of the date of this annual report for
| ● | each of our directors and executive officers who beneficially owns our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares; and |
| ● | each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our Class A ordinary shares or Class B ordinary shares. |
Beneficial ownership includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities. Except as indicated below, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all Class A ordinary shares shown as beneficially owned by them. Percentage of beneficial ownership of each listed person is based on (i) 6,061,683 Class A ordinary shares and 306,383 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of the date hereof and (ii) Class A ordinary share underlying options, warrants or convertible securities held by each such person that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days of the date of this annual report. Holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares shall at all times vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote by the shareholders. Each Class A ordinary share has one (1) vote and each Class B ordinary share has twenty (20) votes.
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| Name of Beneficial Owner | Number
of Class A Ordinary Shares | Percentage of Class A Ordinary Shares | Number of Class B Ordinary Shares | Percentage of Class B Ordinary Shares | Aggregated Voting Percentage | |||||||||||||||
| Directors, Director Appointees and Named Executive Officers: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Jian Chen, Chief Executive Officer and Director(1) | — | — | 306,383 | 100 | % | 50.27 | % | |||||||||||||
| Qingcai Li, Chief Financial Officer(2) | 2,821 | * | % | — | — | * | % | |||||||||||||
| Xu Xie, Director Appointee | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Shaolan Ma, Director Appointee | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Da Yang, Director Appointee | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| All directors, director nominees and executive officers as a group (6 persons) | 2,821 | * % | 306,383 | 100 | % | 50.29 | % | |||||||||||||
| 5% or Greater Shareholders: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| None | ||||||||||||||||||||
| * | less than 1% |
| (1) | Jian Chen directly holds 277,396 Class B ordinary shares. Superego Pulse Limited, a company formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, of which Jian Chen is the sole shareholder and director, holds 28,987 Class B ordinary shares. Jian Chen is deemed the beneficial owner of the 28,987 Class B ordinary shares held by Superego Pulse Limited. |
| (2) | Infinite Fission Limited, a company formed under the laws of the British Virgin Islands, of which Qingcai Li is the sole shareholder and director, holds 2,821 Class A ordinary shares. Qingcai Li is deemed the beneficial owner of the 2,821 Class A ordinary shares held by Infinite Fission Limited. |
6.F. Disclosure of a Registrant’s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation
Not applicable
Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
7.A. Major Shareholders
Please refer to “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees — 6.E. Share Ownership.”
7.B. Related Party Transactions
The table below sets forth the related parties and their relationships with the Company as of June 30, 2026:
| Name of related party | Relationship with the Company | |
| Jian Chen | CEO and director of the Company | |
| Ruien Intelligent Agent (Hangzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. | CEO and director of the Company serves as director |
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| Amounts due to related parties | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||
| Jian Chen* | $ | 515,710 | $ | 490,662 | ||||
| Amounts due to related parties, non-current | $ | 515,710 | $ | 490,662 | ||||
| * | The balances mainly represent expenses paid on behalf of the Company for daily operations, and the movement of the balance was mainly due to foreign exchange rate fluctuation. |
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Significant transactions with related parties were as follows:
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Transactions with related parties: * | ||||||||||||
| Ruien Intelligent Agent (Hangzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. (1) | 46,501 | - | - | |||||||||
| Jian Chen (2) | - | 2,100,000 | - | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 46,501 | $ | 2,100,000 | $ | - | ||||||
| (1) | Ruien Intelligent Agent (Hangzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. is a company where the CEO also serves as a Director. The Company purchased a robot from this related party. The purchase of a robot is for R&D purposes, specifically for conducting simulation testing. |
| (2) | The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Director, Mr. Jian Chen, participated in the PIPE Offering on the same terms as an other investor and purchased 525,000 ordinary shares and 1,575,000 warrants at the offering price. The transaction was negotiated on an arm’s-length basis and was approved by the Company’s shareholders and Board of Directors. The CEO’s participation has been disclosed as shareholders’ equity in Note 13. |
7.C. Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not Applicable.
Item 8. Financial Information
8.A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
Please refer to “Item 18. Financial Statements.”
Legal and Administrative Proceedings
As of the date hereof , we have not been involved in any legal or administrative litigation that may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, balance sheet, operating performance and cash flow.
We have taken measures to reduce the potential liability of platform operators in relevant regulations, such as data security, network security, etc. Our main subsidiaries registered under Chinese laws have complied with the relevant Chinese laws and regulations currently in force in all major aspects, and have obtained all the main necessary licenses and approvals required for the main business operations in China from the relevant government departments. As of the date of this annual report, these licenses and approvals are still valid and valid for the main business operations, and there are no major legal obstacles to the renewal of the relevant major licenses and approvals. For the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025, and 2024 and up to the date of this document, we believe we have complied with applicable laws and regulations in all material aspects.
Dividend Policy
We anticipate that we will retain any earnings to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business after the Company’s initial public offering. Therefore, we do not expect to pay cash dividends again in the foreseeable future. Any future determination relating to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on a number of factors, including future earnings, capital requirements, financial conditions and future prospects and other factors the board of directors may deem relevant.
Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend on its shares out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts due in the ordinary course of business.
If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from our operating subsidiary. Current PRC regulations permit our WFOE to pay dividends to MF HK only out of its accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our PRC operating entities is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Each of such entity in China is also required to further set aside a portion of its after- tax profits to fund the employee welfare fund, although the amount to be set aside, if any, is determined at the discretion of its board of directors. Although the statutory reserves can be used, among other ways, to increase the registered capital and eliminate future losses in excess of retained earnings of the respective companies, the reserve funds are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation. Our operating entities in China are required to set aside statutory reserves and have done so.
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Current PRC regulations permit our indirect PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to MF HK only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our subsidiaries in China is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Although the statutory reserves can be used, among other ways, to increase the registered capital and eliminate future losses in excess of retained earnings of the respective companies, the reserve funds are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of liquidation.
The PRC government also imposes controls on the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of the PRC. Therefore, we may experience difficulties in completing the administrative procedures necessary to obtain and remit foreign currency for the payment of dividends from our profits, if any. Furthermore, if our operating entities and affiliates in the PRC incur debt on their own in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments. If we or our PRC operating entities are unable to receive all of the revenues from our operations through the current contractual arrangements, we may be unable to pay dividends on our Ordinary Shares.
Cash dividends, if any, on our Ordinary Shares will be paid in U.S. dollars. MF HK may be considered a non-resident enterprise for tax purposes, so that any dividends the WFOEs pay to MF HK may be regarded as China-sourced income and as a result may be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of up to 10%. See “Taxation — People’s Republic of China Taxation.”
In order for us to pay dividends to our shareholders, we will rely on dividends from our subsidiaries. Dividend payments from our PRC Operating Entities to the WFOEs are subject to PRC taxes, including VAT, urban maintenance and construction tax, educational surcharges. In addition, if our subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.
Pursuant to the Arrangement between Mainland China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Tax Evasion on Income, or the Double Tax Avoidance Arrangement, the 10% withholding tax rate may be lowered to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns no less than 25% of a PRC project. However, the 5% withholding tax rate does not automatically apply and certain requirements must be satisfied, including without limitation that (a) the Hong Kong project must be the beneficial owner of the relevant dividends; and (b) the Hong Kong project must directly hold no less than 25% share ownership in the PRC project during the 12 consecutive months preceding its receipt of the dividends.
8.B. Significant Changes
Except as otherwise disclosed in this report, we have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated financial statements included herein.
Item 9. The Offer and Listing
9.A. Offer and listing details
Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.
9.B. Plan of distribution
Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.
9.C. Markets
Our Class A ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “MF.”
9.D. Selling shareholders
Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.
9.E. Dilution
Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.
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9.F. Expenses of the issue
Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.
Item 10. Additional Information
10.A. Share capital
Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.
10.B. Memorandum and articles of association
The following are summaries of the material provisions of our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and the Companies Act, insofar as they relate to the material terms of our Ordinary Shares. They do not purport to be complete. Reference is made to our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the annual report (and which is referred to in this section as, respectively, the “memorandum” and the “articles”).
The authorized share capital of the Company is USD 250,000,000.00 divided into divided into 6,050,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of par value USD 0.04 each and 200,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of par value USD 0.04 each.
As of the date of this annual report, MF has 6,061,683 Class B ordinary shares and 306,383 Class B ordinary shares issued and outstanding.
Meetings of Shareholders
Meetings are generally referred to as extraordinary general meetings unless they are annual general meetings, though the Company is not required to hold an annual general meeting. A Director can convene a meeting at any time, in any manner, and at any location, including outside the Cayman Islands. Members holding at least 10% of the voting rights can request a meeting by submitting a written request, specifying the meeting’s objectives. The Directors must convene the meeting upon receiving the request. If the Directors do not convene a meeting within 21 days of the request, the Members requesting the meeting, if holding at least 50% of the voting rights, may convene the meeting themselves. If they fail to do so within three months, the right to convene the meeting lapses. When a meeting is called by a Director, at least seven days’ notice must be given to all Members entitled to vote and to the Directors. If notice is not properly given, the meeting is still valid if Members with at least 90% of the voting rights waive the notice requirement. The failure to give notice to a specific Member or Director, or their failure to receive it, does not invalidate the meeting if the omission was accidental.
No business may be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum is present at the time the meeting proceeds to business. One or more shareholders present in person or by proxy holding in aggregate at least a majority of the paid up voting share capital of the Company shall be a quorum. If, within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting, a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon the requisition of shareholders, shall be dissolved. In any other case, it shall stand adjourned to the same day in the next week, at the same time and place and if, at the adjourned meeting, a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting, the shareholders present and entitled to vote shall be a quorum. At every meeting, the shareholders present shall choose someone of their number to be the chairman.
A corporation that is a shareholder shall be deemed for the purpose of our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association to be present at a general meeting in person if represented by its duly authorized representative. This duly authorized representative shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the corporation which he represents as that corporation could exercise if it were our individual shareholder.
Meetings of Directors
The business of our company is managed by the directors. Our directors are free to meet at such times and in such manner and places within or outside the Cayman Islands as the directors determine to be necessary or desirable. The quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of the directors may be fixed by the directors, and unless so fixed, if there be more than two directors shall be two, and if there are two or less Directors shall be one. An action that may be taken by the directors at a meeting may also be taken by a resolution of directors consented to in writing by all of the directors.
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Winding Up
In the event the Company is wound up and the available assets are insufficient to repay the entire share capital, the losses will be distributed among Members in proportion to the par value of the Shares they hold. If the assets are more than sufficient to repay the share capital, the surplus will be distributed among the Members in the same proportion, with deductions made for any amounts due to the Company, such as unpaid calls. This provision does not affect the rights of holders of Shares issued on special terms.
The liquidator, with the approval of a Special Resolution and any other necessary sanctions, may divide the Company’s assets among the Members in kind. The liquidator may also value the assets and determine how the division will be made among different Members or classes of Members. With the same approval, the liquidator may transfer assets to trustees for the benefit of the Members. However, no Member can be forced to accept any asset that carries a liability.
Calls on Ordinary Shares and forfeiture of Ordinary Shares
Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their Ordinary Shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least one month prior to the specified time of payment. The Ordinary Shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.
Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Ordinary Shares
We may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined, before the issue of such shares, by our board of directors or by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. The Companies Act and our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association permits us to purchase our own shares, subject to certain restrictions and requirements. Subject to the Companies Act, our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and to any applicable requirements imposed from time to time by the Nasdaq, the SEC, or by any other recognized stock exchange on which our securities are listed, we may purchase our own shares (including any redeemable shares) on such terms and in such manner as been approved by the directors or by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. Under the Companies Act, the repurchase of any share may be paid out of our Company’s profits, or out of the share premium account, or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose of such repurchase, or out of capital. If the repurchase proceeds are paid out of our Company’s capital, our Company must, immediately following such payment, be able to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Act, no such share may be repurchased (1) unless it is fully paid up, and (2) if such repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding other than shares held as treasury shares. The repurchase of shares may be effected in such manner and upon such terms as may be authorized by or pursuant to the Company’s articles of association. If the articles do not authorize the manner and terms of the purchase, a company shall not repurchase any of its own shares unless the manner and terms of purchase have first been authorized by a resolution of the company. In addition, under the Companies Act and our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association, our Company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration unless, as a result of the surrender, the surrender would result in there being no shares outstanding (other than shares held as treasury shares).
Variations of Rights of Shares
If at any time, our share capital is divided into different classes of shares, all or any of the rights attached to any class of our shares may (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a resolution passed by at least a two-thirds majority of holders of shares of that class as may be present in person or by proxy at a separate general meeting of the holders of shares of that class.
Voting Rights
Each Class A ordinary share shall be entitled to one (1) vote on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of the Company; whereas, each Class B ordinary share shall be entitled to twenty (20) votes on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of the Company.
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Changes in Capital
We may from time to time by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders:
| ● | increase the share capital of our Company by new shares of such amount as it thinks expedient; | |
| ● | consolidate and divide all or any of our share capital into shares of larger amount than its existing shares of shares; | |
| ● | subdivide its existing shares, or any of them, into shares of a smaller amount provided that in the subdivision the proportion between the amount paid and the amount, if any, unpaid on each reduced share shall be the same as it was in case of the share from which the reduced share is derived; and | |
| ● | cancel any shares that, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish the amount of its share capital by the amount of the shares so cancelled. |
Our shareholders may by special resolution, subject to confirmation by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands on an application by our company for an order confirming such reduction, reduce its share capital and any capital redemption reserve in any manner authorized by the Companies Act.
Inspection of Books and Records
Holders of our Ordinary Shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records. However, we will provide our shareholders with annual audited financial statements.
Rights of Non-Resident or Foreign Shareholders
There are no limitations imposed by our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.
Issuance of additional Ordinary Shares
Our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association authorizes our board of directors to issue additional Ordinary Shares from authorized but unissued shares, to the extent available, from time to time as our board of directors shall determine.
Exempted Company
We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:
| ● | does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies; | |
| ● | is not required to open its register of members for inspection; | |
| ● | does not have to hold an annual general meeting; | |
| ● | may issue negotiable or bearer shares or shares with no par value; | |
| ● | may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance); | |
| ● | may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands; | |
| ● | may register as a limited duration company; and | |
| ● | may register as a segregated portfolio company. |
“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on the shares of the company.
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10.C. Material contracts
Other than those described in this annual report, we have not entered into any material agreements other than in the ordinary course of business.
10.D. Exchange controls
The Cayman Islands, British Virgin Islands and Hong Kong currently have no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions.
10.E. Taxation
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our Ordinary Shares and Ordinary Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our Ordinary Shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our Ordinary Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.
People’s Republic of China Taxation
Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with a “de facto management body” within the PRC is considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its global income. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control over and overall management of the business, production, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In April 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued a circular, known as Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the State Administration of Taxation’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China only if all of the following conditions are met: (i) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC.
We believe that MF is not a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. MF is not controlled by a PRC enterprise or PRC enterprise group and we do not believe that MF meets all of the conditions above. MF is a company incorporated outside the PRC. As a holding company, its key assets are its ownership interests in its subsidiaries, and its key assets are located, and its records (including the resolutions of its board of directors and the resolutions of its shareholders) are maintained, outside the PRC. For the same reasons, we believe our other entities outside of China are not PRC resident enterprises either. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” There can be no assurance that the PRC government will ultimately take a view that is consistent with ours.
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If the PRC tax authorities determine that MF is a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, we may be required to withhold a 10% withholding tax from dividends we pay to our shareholders that are non-resident enterprises, including the holders of the Ordinary Shares. In addition, non-resident enterprise shareholders (including the ordinary shareholders) may be subject to a 10% PRC tax on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of Ordinary Shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within the PRC. It is unclear whether our non-PRC individual shareholders (including the ordinary shareholders) would be subject to any PRC tax on dividends or gains obtained by such non-PRC individual shareholders in the event we are determined to be a PRC resident enterprise. If any PRC tax were to apply to such dividends or gains, it would generally apply at a rate of 20% (and such PRC tax may be withheld at source in the case of dividends). Any PRC income tax liability may be reduced under applicable tax treaties. However, it is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of MF would in practice be able to obtain the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that MF is treated as a PRC resident enterprise.
Provided that our Cayman Islands holding company, MF, is not deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise, holders of the Ordinary Shares and Ordinary Shares who are not PRC residents will not be subject to PRC income tax on dividends distributed by us or gains realized from the sale or other disposition of our shares or Ordinary Shares. However, under Bulletin 7 and Bulletin 37, where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring taxable assets, including, in particular, equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise, indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor, or the transferee, or the PRC entity which directly owns such taxable assets may report to the relevant tax authority such indirect transfer. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. However, sales of shares and Ordinary Shares by investors through a public stock exchange where such shares or Ordinary Shares are acquired on a public stock exchange are currently exempt from these indirect transfer rules under Bulletin 7 and Bulletin 37. We and our non-PRC resident investors may be at risk of being required to file a return and being taxed under Bulletin 7 and Bulletin 37, and we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with Bulletin 7 and Bulletin 37, or to establish that we should not be taxed under these circulars. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — We face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC holding companies.”
United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following discussion is a summary of U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the ownership and disposition of the Ordinary Shares by a U.S. Holder (as defined below) that acquires the Ordinary Shares and holds the Ordinary Shares as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment) under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based upon existing U.S. federal tax law, which is subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect. There can be no assurance that the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position. This discussion, moreover, does not address the U.S. federal estate, gift, Medicare, and alternative minimum tax considerations, or any state, local and non-U.S. tax considerations, relating to the ownership or disposition of the Ordinary Shares. The following summary does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to particular investors in light of their individual circumstances or to persons in special tax situations such as:
| ● | banks and other financial institutions; |
| ● | insurance companies; |
| ● | pension plans; |
| ● | cooperatives; |
| ● | regulated investment companies; |
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| ● | real estate investment trusts; |
| ● | broker-dealers; |
| ● | traders that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting; |
| ● | certain former U.S. citizens or long-term residents; |
| ● | tax-exempt entities (including private foundations); |
| ● | holders who acquire their Ordinary Shares pursuant to any employee share option or otherwise as compensation; |
| ● | investors that will hold their Ordinary Shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
| ● | investors that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar; |
| ● | persons holding their Ordinary Shares in connection with a trade or business conducted outside the United States; |
| ● | persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our stock (by vote or value); or |
| ● | partnerships or other entities taxable as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or persons holding the Ordinary Shares through such entities, all of whom may be subject to tax rules that differ significantly from those discussed below. |
Each U.S. Holder is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the application of U.S. federal taxation to its particular circumstances, and the state, local, non-U.S. and other tax considerations of the ownership and disposition of the Ordinary Shares.
General
For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of the Ordinary Shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
| ● | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| ● | a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created in or organized under the law of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| ● | an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or |
| ● | a trust (A) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and which has one or more U.S. persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) that has otherwise validly elected to be treated as a U.S. person under the Code. |
If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of the Ordinary Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships holding the Ordinary Shares and their partners are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding an investment in the Ordinary Shares.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. Holder of Ordinary Shares will generally be treated as the beneficial owner of the underlying shares represented by the Ordinary Shares. The remainder of this discussion assumes that a U.S. Holder of the Ordinary Shares will be treated in this manner. Accordingly, deposits or withdrawals of Ordinary Shares for Ordinary Shares will generally not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations
A non-U.S. corporation, such as our Company, will be a PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, if either (i) 75% or more of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (ii) 50% or more of the value of its assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. For this purpose, cash and assets readily convertible into cash are generally categorized as a passive asset and the company’s goodwill and other unbooked intangibles are taken into account. Passive income generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, rents, royalties, and gains from the disposition of passive assets. We will be treated as owning a proportionate share of the assets and earning a proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the stock.
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After the restructure that was completed in March 2022, MF Beijing is now an indirect subsidiary of the Company. Based upon our current and projected income and assets, we do not expect to be a PFIC for the current taxable year or the foreseeable future. However, no assurance can be given in this regard because the determination of whether we are or will become a PFIC is a factual determination made annually that will depend, in part, upon the composition of our income and assets. Fluctuations in the market price of the Ordinary Shares may cause us to be or become a PFIC for the current or future taxable years because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test, including the value of our goodwill and unbooked intangibles, may be determined by reference to the market price of the Ordinary Shares from time to time (which may be volatile). In estimating the value of our goodwill and other unbooked intangibles, we have taken into account our anticipated Among other matters, if our market capitalization is less than anticipated or subsequently declines, we may be or become a PFIC for the current or future taxable years. The composition of our income and assets may also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets and the cash raised in the initial public offering completed in April 2024. Under circumstances where our revenue from activities that produce passive income significantly increases relative to our revenue from activities that produce non-passive income, or where we determine not to deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes, our risk of being or becoming a PFIC may substantially increase. Because there are uncertainties in the application of the relevant rules, and because our PFIC status is an annual factual determination, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year.
If we are a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds the Ordinary Shares, we generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which such U.S. Holder holds the Ordinary Shares.
The discussion below under “— Dividends” and “— Sale or Other Disposition” is written on the basis that we will not be or become a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The U.S. federal income tax rules that apply generally if we are treated as a PFIC are discussed below under “— Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”
Dividends
Any cash distributions paid on the Ordinary Shares (including the amount of any PRC tax withheld) out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, will generally be includible in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as dividend income on the day actually or constructively received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Ordinary Shares, in the case of Ordinary Shares. Because we do not intend to determine our earnings and profits on the basis of U.S. federal income tax principles, any distribution we pay will generally be treated as a “dividend” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends received on the Ordinary Shares will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from U.S. corporations.
Individuals and other non-corporate U.S. Holders will be subject to tax at the lower capital gain tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income”; provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including that (1) the Ordinary Shares on which the dividends are paid are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or, in the event that we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise under the PRC tax law, we are eligible for the benefit of the United States-PRC income tax treaty (the “Treaty”), (2) we are neither a PFIC nor treated as such with respect to a U.S. Holder (as discussed below) for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid and the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period and other requirements are met. We intend to list the Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange. Provided that this listing is approved, we believe that the Ordinary Shares will generally be considered to be readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. There can be no assurance that the Ordinary Shares will continue to be considered readily tradable on an established securities market in later years. Because the Ordinary Shares will not be listed on a U.S. exchange, we do not believe that dividends received with respect to Ordinary Shares that are not represented by Ordinary Shares will be treated as qualified dividends. Non-corporate U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to the Ordinary Shares.
In the event that we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (see “Taxation — People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we may be eligible for the benefits of the Treaty. If we are eligible for such benefits, dividends we pay on our Ordinary Shares, regardless of whether such shares are represented by the Ordinary Shares, and regardless of whether the Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, would be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation described in the preceding paragraph, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are met and that we are neither a PFIC nor treated as such with respect to a U.S. Holder for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid and the preceding taxable year.
For U.S. foreign tax credit purposes, dividends paid on the Ordinary Shares generally will be treated as income from foreign sources and generally will constitute passive category income. In the event that we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, a U.S. Holder may be subject to PRC withholding taxes on dividends paid on the Ordinary Shares (see “Taxation — People’s Republic of China Taxation”). Depending on the U.S. Holder’s particular facts and circumstances and subject to a number of complex conditions and limitations, PRC withholding taxes on dividends that are non-refundable under the Treaty may be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. A U.S. Holder who does not elect to claim a foreign tax credit for foreign tax withheld may instead claim a deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in respect of such withholding, but only for a year in which such holder elects to do so for all creditable foreign income taxes. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex and U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances.
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Sale or Other Disposition
A U.S. Holder will generally recognize gain or loss upon the sale or other disposition of Ordinary Shares in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the disposition and the holder’s adjusted tax basis in such Ordinary Shares. The gain or loss will generally be capital gain or loss. Any capital gain or loss will be long term if the Ordinary Shares have been held for more than one year. The deductibility of a capital loss may be subject to limitations. Any such gain or loss that the U.S. Holder recognizes will generally be treated as U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes, which may limit the availability of foreign tax credits. However, in the event we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and PRC tax were to be imposed on any gain from the disposition of the Ordinary Shares, a U.S. Holder that is eligible for the benefits of the Treaty may elect to treat such gain as PRC source income. If a U.S. Holder is not eligible for the benefits of the Treaty or fails to make the election to treat any gain as foreign source, then such U.S. Holder may not be able to use the foreign tax credit arising from any PRC tax imposed on the disposition of the Ordinary Shares unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against United States federal income tax due on other income derived from foreign sources in the same income category (generally, the passive category). Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult its tax advisor regarding the tax consequences if a foreign tax is imposed on a disposition of the Ordinary Shares, including the availability of the foreign tax credit under its particular circumstances.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds the Ordinary Shares, and unless the U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election (as described below), the U.S. Holder will generally be subject to special tax rules on (i) any excess distribution that we make to the U.S. Holder (which generally means any distribution paid during a taxable year to a U.S. Holder that is greater than 125 percent of the average annual distributions paid in the three preceding taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Ordinary Shares), and (ii) any gain realized on the sale or other disposition including, under certain circumstances, a pledge, of Ordinary Shares. Under the PFIC rules:
| ● | the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Ordinary Shares; |
| ● | the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any taxable years in the U.S. Holder’s holding period prior to the first taxable year in which we are a PFIC (each, a “pre-PFIC year”) will be taxable as ordinary income; and |
| ● | the amount allocated to each prior taxable year, other than a pre-PFIC year, will be subject to tax at the highest tax rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, for that year, increased by an additional tax equal to the interest on the resulting tax deemed deferred with respect to each such taxable year. |
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds the Ordinary Shares, and any of our subsidiaries is also a PFIC (a “lower-tier PFIC”), such U.S. Holder would be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC for purposes of the application of these rules. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.
As an alternative to the foregoing rules, a U.S. Holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election with respect to such stock. If a U.S. Holder makes this election with respect to the Ordinary Shares, the holder will generally (i) include as ordinary income for each taxable year that we are a PFIC the excess, if any, of the fair market value of Ordinary Shares held at the end of the taxable year over the adjusted tax basis of such Ordinary Shares and (ii) deduct as an ordinary loss the excess, if any, of the adjusted tax basis of the Ordinary Shares over the fair market value of such Ordinary Shares held at the end of the taxable year, but such deduction will only be allowed to the extent of the amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election. The U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Ordinary Shares would be adjusted to reflect any income or loss resulting from the mark-to-market election. If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election in respect of the Ordinary Shares and we cease to be a PFIC, the holder will not be required to take into account the gain or loss described above during any period that we are not a PFIC. If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election, any gain such U.S. Holder recognizes upon the sale or other disposition of the Ordinary Shares in a year when we are a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as ordinary loss, but such loss will only be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election.
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The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock,” which is stock that is traded in other than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (“regularly traded”) on a qualified exchange or other market, as defined in applicable United States Treasury regulations. We anticipate that the Ordinary Shares should qualify as being regularly traded, but no assurances may be given in this regard.
Because a mark-to-market election cannot technically be made for any lower-tier PFICs that we may own, a U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to the PFIC rules with respect to such U.S. Holder’s indirect interest in any investments held by us that are treated as an equity interest in a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We do not intend to provide information necessary for U.S. Holders to make qualified electing fund elections which, if available, would result in tax treatment different from (and generally less adverse than) the general tax treatment for PFICs described above.
If a U.S. Holder owns the Ordinary Shares during any taxable year that we are a PFIC, the holder must generally file an annual IRS Form 8621. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of the Ordinary Shares if we are or become a PFIC.
10.F. Dividends and paying agents
Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.
10.G. Statement by experts
Not applicable for annual reports on Form 20-F.
10.H. Documents on display
We are subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act. In accordance with these requirements, the Company files reports and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any materials filed with the SEC at the Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains a web site at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC.
10.I. Subsidiary Information
Not applicable.
10.J. Annual Report to Security Holders
Not applicable.
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Foreign Exchange Risk
Substantially all of our revenues and expenses are denominated in RMB and our expenses are denominated in RMB.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily from our bank deposits. We have not used any derivative financial instruments to manage our interest risk exposure. Although these interest earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk, we have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in market interest rates. However, our future interest income may fall short of expectations due to changes in market interest rates.
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Credit Risk
Our exposure to credit risk, which will cause a financial loss to us due to failure to discharge an obligation by the counterparties, relates primarily to our bank deposits (including our own cash at banks as well as the segregated clients account balances) and amount due from a related company. We consider the maximum exposure to credit risk equals to the carrying amount of these financial assets in the consolidated statement of financial position.
Other than concentration of credit risk on liquid funds which are deposited with several banks with high credit ratings, we do not have any other significant concentrations of credit risk.
To mitigate the credit risk from defaults, we have adopted a credit policy of dealing with creditworthy counterparties only, which are also under continuous monitoring. Our credit exposure is controlled by counterparty limits that are reviewed and approved by our senior management periodically.
Price risk
Price risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrument will fluctuate as a result of changes in market prices, whether those changes are caused by factors specific to the individual instrument or all instruments in the market. We are exposed to price risk in respect of financial instruments held for warrant liabilities. The exposure is limited to the carrying amount of the financial instruments.
Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
12.A. Debt Securities
Not applicable.
12.B. Warrants and Rights
Not applicable.
12.C. Other Securities
Not applicable.
12.D. American Depositary Shares
Not applicable.
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PART II
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
We do not have any material defaults in the payment of principal, interest, or any installments under a sinking or purchase fund.
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Securities Holders and Use of Proceeds
14.A. – 14.D. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders
See “Item 10. Additional Information” for a description of the rights of shareholders, which remain unchanged.
14.E. Use of Proceeds
The following “Use of Proceeds” information relates to the November 2024 Offering and the April 2026 Offering. See “Item 4. Information on the Company – 4.B. Business Overview – Recent Development – Private Placement completed in November 2024” and “– Registered Direct Offering Completed in April 2026” for more information.
In the November 2024 Offering, the Company received gross proceeds of $5.7 million. As of the date of this annual report, the Company used all of the net proceeds received from the November 2024 Offering for working capital and corporate purposes.
In the April 2026 Offering, the Company received gross proceeds of approximately $4.55 million and net proceeds of $4.06 million after deducting placement agent’s fees and expenses. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering for working capital, research and development, and general corporate purposes.
None of these net proceeds from the November 2024 Offering or the April 2026 Offering was paid, directly or indirectly, to any of our directors or officers or their associates, persons owning 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates or others.
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
| (a) | Disclosure Controls and Procedures. |
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act.
Based upon that evaluation, our management has concluded that, as of June 30, 2026, our disclosure controls and procedures were ineffective as our management has identified a material weakness that has been identified related to our lack of sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of the generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and SEC reporting requirements to properly address complex U.S. GAAP accounting issues and to prepare and review our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures to fulfill U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements. The other material weakness that has been identified related to our lack of comprehensive accounting policies and procedures manual in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
To remedy the identified material weaknesses, we have implemented and will continue to implement several measures to improve our internal control over financial reporting, including: (i) the engagement of an experienced financial consultant who worked closely with our internal finance team to assist us in preparing our financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP this year; and (ii) the planned implementation of our Chief Financial Officer to receive additional training in U.S. GAAP through self-study and webinar courses, to begin to periodically review major accounting literature updates provided by a major accounting firm which provide an overview of recent U.S. accounting pronouncements, and to improve financial oversight function for handling complex accounting issues under U.S. GAAP. However, the implementation of these measures may not fully address the deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. We are not able to estimate with reasonable certainty the costs that we will need to incur to implement these and other measures designed to improve our internal control over financial reporting. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry— We have identified certain material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal control to remediate our material weakness over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our results of operations, meet our reporting obligations, or prevent fraud.”
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Pursuant to the JOBS Act, we qualify as an “emerging growth company as we recorded revenues less than $1.235 billion in our most recent fiscal year, which allows us to take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Neither we nor our independent registered public accounting firm undertook a comprehensive assessment of our internal control under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for purposes of identifying and reporting any weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, which, however, will be required after we cease to be an “emerging growth company” as such term is defined in the JOBS Act. Had we performed a formal assessment of our internal control over financial reporting or had our independent registered public accounting firm performed an audit of our internal control over financial reporting, additional control deficiencies may have been identified.
| (b) | Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting. |
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Our management evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Rule 13a-15(c) of the Exchange Act, based on criteria established in the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of June 30, 2026 due to a material weakness identified in our internal control over financial reporting as described above.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.
| (c) | Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm. |
This annual report on Form 20-F does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm because we qualified as an “emerging growth company” as defined under the JOBS Act as of June 30, 2026.
| (d) | Changes in internal control over financial reporting. |
There have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting occurred during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 16. [Reserved]
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
Our audit committee consists Mr. Xu Xie, Ms. Shaolan Ma, and Mr. Da Yang and is chaired by Mr. Xu Xie. Mr. Xu Xie, Ms. Shaolan Ma, and Mr. Da Yang each satisfies the “independence” requirements of Rule 5605 of the Corporate Governance Rules of Nasdaq Stock Market and meet the independence standards under Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. We have determined that Mr. Xu Xie qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert.” The audit committee will oversee our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee will be responsible for, among other things:
| ● | selecting the independent registered public accounting firm and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent registered public accounting firm; | |
| ● | reviewing with the independent registered public accounting firm any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response; | |
| ● | reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions, as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act; |
105
| ● | discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent registered public accounting firm; | |
| ● | reviewing major issues as to the adequacy of our internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies; | |
| ● | annually reviewing and reassessing the adequacy of our audit committee charter; | |
| ● | meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent registered public accounting firm; and | |
| ● | reporting regularly to the board. |
Item 16B. Code of Ethics
The Company has adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to the Company’s directors, officers, employees and advisors. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is attached as an exhibit to this annual report.
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The consolidated financial statements for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024 included in this annual report have been so included in reliance on the report of HTL International, LLC, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm in auditing and accounting.
Fees Paid to Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Auditor Fees
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by HTL International, LLC, our independent registered public accounting firm, for the periods indicated.
| Year Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| Services | 2025 | 2026 | ||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Audit Fees(1) - HTL International, LLC | 190,000 | 200,000 | ||||||
| Total | 190,000 | 200,000 | ||||||
| (1) | Audit fees include the aggregate fees billed for each of the fiscal years for professional services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm for the audit of our annual financial statements, review of the interim financial statements and for the audits of our financial statements in connection with our initial public offering, and comfort letter in connection with the underwritten public offering. |
The policy of our audit committee is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm, including audit services and audit-related services as described above, other than those for de minimus services which are approved by the audit committee prior to the completion of the audit.
Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Not applicable.
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Not applicable.
Item 16F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
Not applicable.
106
Item 16G. Corporate Governance
As a company listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, we are subject to the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. However, Nasdaq rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards.
In connection with the adoption by the board of directors of the Company of the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, which became effective on July 29, 2025, we have elected to follow home country practice in the Cayman Islands in lieu of Nasdaq Listing Rule Nasdaq Rule 5635(c) which provides (with certain exceptions not relevant to the conclusions expressed herein) shareholder approval is required prior to the issuance of securities when a stock option or purchase plan is to be established or materially amended or other equity compensation arrangement made or materially amended, pursuant to which stock may be acquired by officers, directors, employees, or consultants. Such practice is not prohibited by Cayman Islands law.
In connection with the April 2026 Offering, we have elected to follow home country practice in the Cayman Islands in lieu of Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d), which provides (with certain exceptions not relevant to the conclusions expressed herein) shareholder approval is required prior to the issuance or securities, other than in a public offering, equal to 20% or more of the voting power outstanding at a price that is less than the minimum price defined there. Such practice is not prohibited by Cayman Islands law.
We may in the future decide to use the foreign private issuer exemption with respect to other Nasdaq Capital Market corporate governance rules. To the extent we choose to follow home country practice in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Capital Structure— We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.”
Item 16H. Mine Safety Disclosure
Not applicable.
Item 16I. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
Item 16J. Insider Trading Policies
We have
Item 16K. Cybersecurity
Our Board of Directors is responsible for reviewing the Company’s cybersecurity risk management and control systems in relation to the financial reporting by the Company, including the Company’s cybersecurity strategy. We maintain a process for assessing, identifying and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats, including risks relating to disruption of business operations or financial reporting systems, intellectual property theft; fraud; extortion; harm to employees or customers; violation of privacy laws and other litigation and legal risk; and reputational risk, as part of our overall risk management system and processes. We assess and manage our cybersecurity risks though our Information Technologies (“IT”) Committee, which is
Our
According to the priority of the cybersecurity risks as result of the risk evaluation, risks are addressed by concrete actions and, if appropriate and possible, necessary countermeasures. In order to be able to react quickly and flexibly to cybersecurity risks, risk management is integrated into existing processes and reporting channels. Our risk management program considers cybersecurity risks alongside other company risks, and our enterprise risk professionals consult with company subject matter experts to gather information necessary to identify cybersecurity risks and evaluate their nature and severity, as well as identify mitigations and assess the impact of those mitigations on residual risk. We may engage
107
PART III
Item 17. Financial Statements
See “Item 18. Financial Statements.”
Item 18. Financial Statements
Our consolidated financial statements are included at the end of this annual report, beginning with page F-1.
Item 19. Exhibits
108
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
| MindForge Inc. | |||
| By: | /s/ Jian Chen | ||
| Name: | Jian Chen | ||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer and Director | ||
Date: October 26, 2026
109
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
MINDFORGE INC. (Formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
MindForge Inc. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of MindForge Inc. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.) and its subsidiaries (the Company) as of June 30, 2026 and 2025, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended June 30, 2026, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial positions of the Company as of June 30, 2026 and 2025, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended June 30, 2026, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2024.
October 26, 2026
F-2
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current Assets | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||
| Advances to suppliers | ||||||||
| Inventory | ||||||||
| Prepayments and other current assets, net | ||||||||
| Prepaid shared-based payment, current | ||||||||
| Total current assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-current Assets | ||||||||
| Long-term investments | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Construction in progress | ||||||||
| Long-term prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| Prepaid shared-based payment, non-current | ||||||||
| Other non-current assets | ||||||||
| Total non-current assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Short-term loans | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||
| Taxes payable | ||||||||
| Accruals and other liabilities | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities-current portion | ||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Due to related parties, non-current | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total Liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Commitments and contingencies (Note 15) | ||||||||
F-3
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Ordinary shares ($ | ||||||||
| Class A ordinary shares ($ | ||||||||
| Class B ordinary shares ($ | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in-capital | ||||||||
| Statutory reserves | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology
Ltd.)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cost of revenues | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gross (loss) profit | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Share-based compensation expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Research and development expenses | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||
| Interest expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiaries | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrants | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Loss from equity method investment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other income, net | ||||||||||||
| Total other (loss) income, net | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Income tax benefit (expense) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Other comprehensive loss: | ||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain (loss) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss to shareholders | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Loss per ordinary share | ||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted per Ordinary share * | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| Basic and diluted per Class A ordinary share * | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||
| Weighted average numbers of ordinary shares outstanding | ||||||||||||
| Ordinary shares basic and diluted * | ||||||||||||
| Class A ordinary shares basic and diluted * | ||||||||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 2026, 2025 AND 2024
| Ordinary shares | Class A ordinary shares |
Class B ordinary shares |
Additional paid-in |
Statutory | Accumulated | Accumulated other comprehensive | Total shareholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares* | Amount | Shares* | Amount | Shares* | Amount | capital | reserves | deficit | (loss) income | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of July 1, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares for cash | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appropriation to statutory reserve | - | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares and warrants for cash | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of warrants | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share based payment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appropriation to statutory reserve | - | - | - | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reversal of statutory reserves | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share based payment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Re-designation of ordinary shares into Class A ordinary shares (Note 13) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class A ordinary shares and warrants for cash | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of Class A ordinary shares and issuance of Class B ordinary shares (Note 13) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exercise of warrants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional issuance of Class A ordinary shares for fractional shares shareholders | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reversal of statutory reserves | ( | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of June 30, 2026 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-7
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology
Ltd.)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Loss on deconsolidation of subsidiaries | ||||||||||||
| Loss from equity method investment | ||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrants | ||||||||||||
| Issuance costs of warrants | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||
| Non-cash operating lease expense | ||||||||||||
| Change in allowance of credit losses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Deferred income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Share-based compensation expenses | ||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Advances to suppliers | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Prepayments and other current assets, net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other non-current assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Inventory | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Advances from customers | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Taxes payable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Accruals and other liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Operating lease liability | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Amounts due to related parties | ||||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loans to third parties | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Collection of loans to third parties | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from disposal of equity method investment | ||||||||||||
| Purchase of equity method investment | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from short-term loans | ||||||||||||
| Repayments of short-term loans | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares, net of issuance cost | ||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net increase in cash | ||||||||||||
| Cash at the beginning of the year | ||||||||||||
| Cash at the end of the year | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | ||||||||||||
| Interest paid | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Income taxes paid | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing transactions: | ||||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets recognized | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Ordinary Shares issued for deferred compensation expense | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Ordinary Shares issued for deferred compensation expense–noncurrent portion | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Warrant liabilities exercised under zero exercise price option | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology
Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
MindForge Inc. (“MindForge” or “formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.”), is an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on June 30, 2021. MindForge does not conduct any substantive operations on its own but instead conducts its business operations through its subsidiaries.
MindForge together with its subsidiaries (the “Company”) primarily provide value-added services using artificial intelligence-driven technology to businesses within the insurance industry in PRC.
In order to raise capital through an initial public offering in the United States, MindForge has undertaken a series of transactions (the “Reorganization”):
On July 14, 2021, MindForge formed its a wholly owned subsidiary, MF Group Limited (“MF HK”) in Hong Kong. On July 23, 2021, MF HK formed its wholly owned subsidiary, Beijing Lianghua Technology Co., Limited. (“WFOE Beijing”) in PRC.
On August 16, 2021, WFOE Beijing entered into a series of contractual arrangements with the owners of MF Beijing. These agreements included a Consulting and Service Agreement, a Business Operation Agreement, an Equity Pledge Agreement, an Exclusive Call Option Agreement and Shareholder Voting Proxy Agreement (collectively “VIE Agreements”). Pursuant to the VIE Agreements, WFOE Beijing has the exclusive right to provide Youjiayoubao (Beijing) Technology Co., Limited (“MF Beijing”) with comprehensive technical support, consulting services and other services in relation to the Principal Business during the term of this Agreement. All the above contractual arrangements obligate WFOE Beijing to absorb a majority of the risk of loss from the business activities of MF Beijing and entitle WFOE Beijing to receive a majority of their residual returns. In essence, WFOE Beijing has gained effective control over MF Beijing.
On February 20, 2022, with approval of WFOE Beijing and approval of the sole executive director of MF Beijing, MF Beijing issued
Due to operational requirements and business optimization, in October 2024, MindForge disposed of Rudongyoujia Smart Technology Co., Ltd. (“RDYJ”). In December 2024, MindForge disposed of Jiangsu Youjiayouche Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jiangsu YJYC”). In July 2025, MindForge disposed of Jiangsu Jingmo Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jiangsu Jingmo”). In February, 2026, MindForge formed Hangzhou JZYH Technology Co., Ltd. (“JZYH Technology”).
MindForge together with its subsidiaries were effectively controlled by the same shareholders before and after the Reorganization and therefore the Reorganization was considered under common control and included at their historical carrying values. The consolidation has been prepared on the basis of the Reorganization having become effective at the beginning of the first period presented in the consolidated financial statements.
F-9
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 1 — ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS DESCRIPTION (cont.)
As of June 30, 2026, the Company’s principal subsidiaries are as follows:
| Name of Entity | Date of Incorporation | Place of Incorporation | % of Ownership | Principal Activities | ||||
| MF Group Limited (“MF HK”) | ||||||||
| WFOE Beijing | ||||||||
| Youjiayoubao (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd. (“MF Beijing”) | ||||||||
| RDYJ | ||||||||
| Jiangsu Jingmo | ||||||||
| Jiangsu YJYC | ||||||||
| Suzhou Lianghua Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (“WFOE Suzhou”) | ||||||||
| Suzhou Youjiayoubao Technology Co., Ltd. (“MindForge Suzhou”) | ||||||||
| Zhejiang JZSC Enterprise Management Co., Ltd. (“WFOE Zhejiang”) | ||||||||
| JZSC Technology Co., Ltd. (“JZSC Technology”) | ||||||||
| Shanghai ZLQX Technology Service Co., Ltd (“WFOE Shanghai”) | ||||||||
| Zhejiang Decision Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. (“JCZN Hangzhou”) | ||||||||
| Hangzhou JZYH Technology Co., Ltd. (“JZYH Technology”) | , 2026 |
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and have been consistently applied for information pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All transactions and balances between the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.
F-10
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Use of estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and judgments are based on historical information, information that is currently available to the Company and on various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates required to be made by management, include, but are not limited to, impairment of long-lived assets and realization of deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Functional currency and foreign currency translation
The functional currencies of the Company are the local currency of the county in which the subsidiaries operate. The Company’s financial statements are reported using U.S. Dollars. The results of operations and the consolidated statements of cash flows denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the average rates of exchange during the reporting period. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies on the balance sheet date are translated at the applicable rates of exchange in effect on that date. The equity denominated in the functional currencies is translated at the historical rates of exchange at the time of capital transactions. Because cash flows are translated based on the average translation rates, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a separate component in accumulated other comprehensive loss included in consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Since the Company operates primarily in the PRC, the Company’s functional currency is the Chinese Yuan (“RMB”). The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been translated into the reporting currency of U.S. Dollars (“$”). The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currency. In the PRC, certain foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions at exchange rates set by the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”). No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into $ at the rates used in the translation.
The exchange rates as of June 30, 2026, and 2025, and for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:
| As of June 30, | For the years ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency | Balance Sheet | Balance Sheet | Profits/ Loss | Profits/ Loss | Profits/ Loss | |||||||||||||||
| RMB:1 US$* | ||||||||||||||||||||
| * |
Cash
Cash includes cash on hand and demand deposits in accounts maintained with commercial banks. The Company maintains its bank accounts in Mainland China and United States.
From time to time, the Company may maintain cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limit of $
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications did not have any effect on financial condition or results of operations as previously reported.
Accounts receivable, net
Accounts receivables are presented net of an allowance for credit losses. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses in accordance with ASC 326 and records the allowance for credit losses as an offset to assets such as accounts receivable, and the estimated credit losses charged to the allowance is classified as “General and administrative expenses”. The Company assesses collectability by reviewing receivables on a collective basis where similar characteristics exist, primarily based on size, nature and on an individual basis when identifying specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. In determining the amount of the allowance for credit losses, the Company considers historical collectability based on past due status, the age of the receivable balances, credit quality of the Company’s customer based on ongoing credit evaluations, current economic conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, and other factors that may affect the Company’s ability to collect from customers. Bad debts are written off as incurred.
F-11
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Advances to suppliers, net
Advances to suppliers consist of advances to suppliers for services that have not been provided or received. The Company reviews its advances to suppliers on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowances when there is doubt as to the ability of a supplier to provide supplies to the Company or refund an advance.
Inventory
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost of inventory is determined using the Weighted-Average Cost method. The Company reviews inventory levels regularly and records provisions for obsolete or slow-moving inventory based on estimated future demand, market conditions, and product life cycles. Any write-downs to net realizable value are recognized as a charge in Cost of Goods Sold in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Property and equipment and Construction in progress
Property and equipment are carried at cost and are depreciated on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the underlying assets. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income in the year of disposition. The Company examines the possibility of decreases in the value of its property and equipment, when events or changes in circumstances reflect the fact that their recorded value may not be recoverable. As of June 30, 2026 and 2025, the accumulated depreciation of property and equipment were $
Property and equipment and construction in progress consist of the following:
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| Category | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||
| Office Building | $ | $ | ||||||
| Office Building – Renovation costs | ||||||||
| Motor Vehicles | ||||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | ||||||||
| Office equipment | ||||||||
| Construction in progress | ||||||||
| Subtotal | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
Construction in progress represents expenditures related to the ongoing construction of the newly acquired office building during the year ended June 30, 2025. As of June 30, 2026, the construction of the newly acquired office building has been completed.
F-12
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Property and equipment and Construction in progress (cont.)
Construction in progress represents expenditures related to the ongoing construction of the newly acquired office building during the year ended June 30, 2025. On July 12, 2025, the Company has assumed control of the office building located at No. 669, Cangxing Street, Cangqian Subdistrict, Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, subsequent to the completion of handover formalities with Zhejiang University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Research Institute Co., Ltd. (“ZJU ERI”). ZJU ERI is obligated to cooperate with the Company in completing the registration process and obtaining the property ownership certificate for the office building. As of the date of this annual report, the Company is in the process of obtaining the real property ownership certificate.
Depreciation expenses were $
| Category | Estimated useful lives | |
| Office Building | ||
| Office Building – Renovation costs | ||
| Furniture and fixtures | ||
| Motor vehicles | ||
| Office equipment |
Intangible assets
Intangible assets consist primarily of computer software. Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method. Amortization expense were $
| Category | Estimated useful lives | |
| Computer software |
Impairment of long-lived assets
The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of such assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability is assessed by comparing the carrying amount of the asset group to the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds the sum of its expected undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the asset group. For the years ended June 30, 2026 and 2025, impairment loss was recognized.
Fair value of financial instruments
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Section 825-10 requires certain disclosures regarding the fair value of financial instruments. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:
| ● | Level 1 — inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. |
| ● | Level 2 — inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. |
| ● | Level 3 — inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable. |
F-13
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Fair value of financial instruments (cont.)
Unless otherwise disclosed, the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments including cash, accounts receivable, other current assets, short-term loans, accounts payable, and other current liabilities approximate their recorded values due to their short-term maturities.
The Company’s non-financial assets, such as property and equipment, would be measured at fair value only if they were determined to be impaired.
Equity method investments
Entities in which the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but does not have a controlling interest, are accounted for using the equity method. Significant influence is generally considered to exist when the Company has voting shares of
The Company’s investment of
Leases
The Company accounted for leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842, Leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. All the Company’s leases are operating leases. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”), which is prevalent lending prime rate, based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and includes initial direct costs incurred. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expenses for minimum lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. All operating lease right-of-use assets are reviewed for impairment annually. The Company also reviews them whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an operating lease right-of-use asset may no longer be recoverable. There was impairment for operating lease right-of-use lease assets for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024.
The Company elected not to record assets and liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet for lease arrangements with terms of 12 months or less. The Company recognizes lease expenses for such lease on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
F-14
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Revenue recognition
The Company recognizes revenue per FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”) for all periods presented. According to ASC 606, revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps: (1) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (3) determine the transaction price, (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The Company assess its revenue arrangements against specific criteria in order to determine if it is acting as principal or agent. Revenue arrangements with multiple performance obligations are divided into separate distinct goods or services.
The Company’s revenues are derived principally from digital promotion services, risk-assessment services, value-added bundle benefits and sales of goods and others. The Company’s revenue is recorded net of value added taxes (“VAT”).
Digital promotion services
The Company generates revenues primarily from digital promotion services to insurance companies on its various website channels, including pay for performance marketing services whereby customers are charged based on their insurance product information, and display advertising services that allow customers to place advertisements on various websites.
Pursuant to the digital promotion contracts, the performance obligation of the Company is to provide promotion services for the planning, designing, customizing strategy scheme and promoting for the customer. The Company considers that both the digital market planning and promotion services are highly interrelated and not separately identifiable. The Company’s overall promise represents a combined output that is a single performance obligation. Revenues are recorded at a point in time when the performance obligation to deliver those digital promotion services is checked and accepted.
For the contracts that involve the third-party vendors, the Company considers itself as provider of the services as it has control of the specified services at any time before it is transferred to the customers which is evidenced by (i) the Company is primarily responsible for the planning and producing the content for the promotion, (ii) having latitude in selecting third party vendors for promotions, and (iii) the Company has discretion in establishing the prices charged to customers for the promotion services. Therefore, the Company acts as the principal of these arrangements and reports revenue earned and costs incurred related to these transactions on a gross basis.
F-15
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Revenue recognition (cont.)
Risk-assessment services
The Company generates risk-assessment revenue from service fees of providing assessment reports to the insurance carriers. Utilizing the self-developed proprietary algorithmic model, the Company generates individualized risk reports based on the vehicle brand, model, travel area, and driver’s information.
Pursuant to the risk assessment contracts, the performance obligation of the Company is to utilize its self-developed risk assessment model and to provide risk assessment reports to customers. Consideration received reflects stand-alone selling prices and are settled monthly based on standard unit prices and service volumes rendered during the period. Revenue recognized at a point in time upon the services delivery and acceptance by the customers.
For the contracts that involve technical services developed by the Company, the Company considers itself as provider of the services as it has control of the specified services at any time before it is transferred to the customers which is evidenced by (i) the Company is primarily responsible for the production of the risk assessment reports with self-developed models and (ii) the Company has discretion in establishing the prices charged to customers for the promotion services. Therefore, the Company acts as the principal of these arrangements and reports revenue earned and costs incurred related to these transactions on a gross basis.
Value-added bundled benefits
The Company enters into value-added bundled benefits contracts with insurance companies. Pursuant to the value-added bundled benefits contracts, the Company provides the service codes with value-added bundled benefits to customers. The bundled benefits include but not limited to auto maintenance service, auto value-added service, vehicle moving notification services and other services. The Company is primarily responsible for selecting out-sourced vendors, integrating outsourced services and services provided in house to generate various bundled benefits service codes, and providing bundled technical support for the code. The Company’s overall promise represents a combined output that is a single performance obligation; there are no multiple performance obligations.
For the contracts that involve the third-party vendors, the Company considers itself as principal of the services as it has control of the specified services at any time before it is transferred to the customers which is evidenced by (i) the Company is primarily responsible for the generation of the code and integrating various services provided by itself and outsourced vendors with the Company’s promise to provide products and services according to the contract entered into with customers, (ii) having latitude in selecting third party vendors for some value-added service, and (iii) the Company has discretion in establishing the prices charged to customers for the promotion services. Therefore, the Company acts as the principal of these arrangements and reports revenue earned and costs incurred related to these transactions on a gross basis. Revenue from value-added bundled benefits is recognized at a point in time when the Company satisfies the performance obligation by transferring promised services upon acceptance by customers.
F-16
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Revenue recognition (cont.)
Sales of goods and other services
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 when the Company satisfies a performance obligation by transferring control of a promised good or service to a customer. Control is transferred at a point in time, typically upon customers obtain control of and accept the goods of services. Revenue is measured at the transaction price, which represents the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to the customer.
Disaggregation of revenues
The following table summarized disaggregated revenues for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024:
| For the Years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Digital promotion services | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales of goods and other services | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk assessment services | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Value-added bundled benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Contract balance
Accounts receivables are recorded when the Company performs a service in advance of receiving consideration, and it has the unconditional right to receive consideration. Contract liabilities are recognized as advance from customers if the Company receives consideration but has not transferred the related goods or services to the customer and included in advance from customers in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets with the balance of as of June 30, 2026 and 2025. During the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized revenue that were previously deferred as contract liabilities amounted to nil, nil and $1,683,566, respectively. There is no significant financing component in the Company’s revenue arrangement because the Company’s expected length of time between the payment and when the Company transfers the promised services is less than 12 months.
Cost of revenues
Cost of revenues consists primarily of expenses incurred in connection with the third-party cloud infrastructure expenses, outsourcing labor expenses paid to suppliers, cost of inventory, and third-party technical service fees.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses mainly consist of (i) salaries, bonuses and benefits for personnel engaged in general corporate functions, (ii) rental and related expenses, (iii) general office expenses, (iv) recruitment and training expenses, (v) professional fees, (vi) travel, reception and related expenses, and (vii) depreciation and amortization expenses.
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of (i) material consumption expenses, (ii) other miscellaneous research and development expenses. Research and development expenses that do not qualify to be capitalized are expensed as incurred.
F-17
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Income taxes
The Company accounts for current income taxes in accordance with the laws of the relevant tax authorities. Deferred income taxes are recognized when temporary differences exist between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period including the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
An uncertain tax position is recognized only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than
Value added tax (“VAT”)
Sales revenue represents the invoiced value of goods, net of VAT. VAT is based on sales price and the VAT rate is
Loss per ordinary share
The Company computes loss per ordinary share in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share” (“ASC 260”). ASC 260 requires companies with complex capital structures to present basic and diluted EPS. Basic loss per ordinary share are computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Class B ordinary shares were excluded from the calculation of earnings per share because they do not possess any economic interests. Diluted loss per ordinary takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue ordinary shares were exercised and converted into ordinary shares. Potentially dilutive shares are excluded from the computation if their effect is antidilutive.
Warrants
The accounting treatment of warrants issued is determined pursuant to the guidance provided by ASC 470, Debt (“ASC 470”), ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”), and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), as applicable. Each feature of freestanding financial instruments including, without limitation, any rights relating to subsequent dilutive issuances, equity sales, rights offerings, conversions, optional redemptions and dividends are assessed with determinations made regarding the proper classification in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Share-based compensation expenses
Share based awards granted to employees or consultant are accounted for under ASC 718, “Compensation—Stock Compensation”, as either equity-settled or cash-settled transactions, depending on the specific terms and conditions of each award. For awards granted to consultants in exchange for future services, including shares that are immediately vested upon grant but are subject to a required service period, the fair value of the awards is recognized as prepaid share-based compensation expenses on the grant date. The prepaid share-based compensation expenses is subsequently amortized and recognized as share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, subject to the consultants’ continued provision of services. For awards granted to employees without any future service obligations, the full amount of compensation cost is recognized as share-based compensation expense in the consolidated financial statements of operations and other comprehensive loss on the grant date.
F-18
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Comprehensive loss
Comprehensive loss consists of two components, net loss and other comprehensive loss. Other Comprehensive loss refers to revenue, expenses, gains, and losses that under U.S. GAAP are recorded as an element of shareholders’ equity but are excluded from net loss, and foreign currency translation adjustments from the Company for translating the functional currencies to U.S. dollar, the reporting currency.
Concentration and Risks
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable.
The Company maintains its bank accounts in the PRC. Regarding accounts in the PRC, on May 1, 2015, China’s new Deposit Insurance Regulation came into effect, pursuant to which banking financial institutions, such as commercial banks, established in the PRC are required to purchase deposit insurance for deposits in RMB and in foreign currency placed with them. Such Deposit Insurance Regulation would not be effective in providing complete protection for the Company’s accounts, as its aggregate deposits are much higher than the compensation limit, which is RMB
Similarly, regarding accounts in the United States, As of June 30, 2026 and 2025, $
The Company conducts credit evaluations of its customers prior to delivery of its services. The assessment of customer creditworthiness is primarily based on historical collection records, research of publicly available information, and customer on-site visits by senior management. Based on this analysis, the Company determines what credit terms, if any, to offer each customer individually. If the assessment indicates a likelihood of collection risk, the Company will not deliver the services to the customer or require the customer to pay cash, post letters of credit to secure payment, or to make significant down payments.
Major customers
Customers from whom individually represent greater than 10% of total revenues of the Company for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024 are as follows.
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Customer A | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| * |
F-19
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Concentration and Risks (cont.)
Customers from whom individually represent greater than 10% of total balance of accounts receivable of the Company as of June 30, 2026 and 2025 are as follows.
| June 30, 2026 | June 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||
| Customer B | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Customer C | ||||||||||||||||
| * | Indicates below 10%. |
Major suppliers
Suppliers from whom individually represent greater than 10% of total purchases of the Company for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024 are as follows.
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier A | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier B | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier D | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supplier E | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | Indicates below 10%. |
Suppliers from whom individually represent greater than 10% of total balance of accounts payable of the Company as of June 30, 2026 and 2025 are as follows.
| June 30, 2026 | June 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||
| Supplier B | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Supplier F | ||||||||||||||||
| Supplier G | ||||||||||||||||
| * | Indicates below 10%. |
Suppliers from whom individually represent greater than 10% of total balance of advance to suppliers of the Company as of June 30, 2026 and 2025 are as follows.
| June 30, 2026 | June 30, 2025 | |||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||
| Supplier A | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Supplier B | ||||||||||||||||
| * | Indicates below 10%. |
F-20
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Segment reporting
The Company operates and manages its business as a single segment and has one operating and reportable segment, providing value-added services using artificial intelligence-driven technology to businesses within the insurance industry. The Company’s Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) is the chief operating decision-maker. When making decisions about allocating resources and assessing the performance of the Company as a whole, the CFO review operating metrics and consolidated financial statements.
The Company concluded that consolidated net loss reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income is the measure of segment profitability, and consolidated total assets reported in the consolidated balance sheets is the measure of segment assets. The CFO refers to consolidated operating results and financial conditions when addressing strategic and operational matters and allocating resources. Significant expense categories regularly provided to and reviewed by the CFO are those presented in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. As substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in the PRC, and substantially all of the Company’s revenues are derived from within the PRC, no geographical segments are presented.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements
The Company is an Emerging Growth Company (EGC) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”). As an EGC, the Company may take advantage of certain extended transition periods for adopting new or revised accounting standards that apply to public companies.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU No. 2023-07”), to expand the annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, including public entities with a single reportable segment, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU No. 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2023-07 is effective for the Company’s annual reporting period beginning July 1, 2024. The Company adopted this standard for its 2024 annual financial statements and applied this standard retrospectively for all prior periods presented in the financial statements. ASU 2023-07 has no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topics 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU No. 2023-09”), to expand the disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and income taxes paid both in U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. ASU 2023-09 is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. For entities other than public business entities, the amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025. Entities are permitted to early adopt the standard for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”). The amended guidance requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified natural expense categories in the disclosures within the notes to the financial statements. In addition, the guidance requires disclosure of selling expenses and its definition. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The guidance can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01 Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income — Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The FASB issued ASU 2024-03 on November 4, 2024. ASU 2024-03 states that the amendments are effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Following the issuance of ASU 2024-03, the FASB was asked to clarify the initial effective date for entities that do not have an annual reporting period that ends on December 31 (referred to as non-calendar year-end entities). Because of how the effective date guidance was written, a non-calendar year-end entity may have concluded that it would be required to initially adopt the disclosure requirements in ASU 2024-03 in an interim reporting period, rather than in an annual reporting period. The FASB’s intent in the basis for conclusions of ASU 2024-03 is clear that all public business entities should initially adopt the disclosure requirements in the first annual reporting period beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures.
F-21
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 2 — SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)
Recently issued accounting pronouncements (cont.)
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. ASU 2025-05 amends ASC 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, and introduces a practical expedient available for all entities and an accounting policy election available for all entities, other than public business entities, that elect the practical expedient. These changes apply to the estimation of expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue Recognition. Under the practical expedient, entities may assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date remain unchanged for the remaining life of the asset when developing reasonable and supportable forecasts. This simplifies the estimation process for short-term financial assets. ASU 2025-05 is effective for the Company’s annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2025-05 should be applied on a prospective basis. The Company is currently assessing the impact this standard will have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material impact on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 3 — ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Accounts receivable consisted of the following:
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: allowance for credit losses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Allowance for credit losses movement is as follows:
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Provision | ||||||||||||
| Reduction | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Exchange rate effect | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
F-22
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology
Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 4 — ADVANCES TO SUPPLIERS, NET
Advances to suppliers, net consisted of the following:
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Advances to suppliers | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: allowance for doubtful accounts | ||||||||
| Advances to suppliers, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts movement is as follows:
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Provision | ||||||||||||
| Reduction | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Exchange rate effect | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
NOTE 5 — INVENTORY
Inventory consisted of the following:
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Small consumer goods | ||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
There was inventory write-downs for the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024.
NOTE 6 — PREPAYMENTS AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS, NET
Prepayments and other current assets, net consisted of the following:
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| VAT recoverable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Other receivables |
| |||||||
| Prepaid expenses* | ||||||||
| Subtotal | ||||||||
| Less: allowance for credit losses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
Allowance for credit losses movement is as follows:
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Provision | ||||||||||||
| Reduction | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Exchange rate effect | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
F-23
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology
Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 7 — PREPAID SHARED-BASED PAYMENT
Prepaid shared-based payment consisted of the following:
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Prepaid shared-based payment | $ | $ | ||||||
| Total | $ | $ | ||||||
| Including: | ||||||||
| Prepaid shared-based payment, current | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepaid shared-based payment, non-current | $ | $ | ||||||
On August 4, 2025, the Company granted an aggregate of
| * |
As of June 30, 2026, prepaid shared-based payment is expected to be recognized as follows:
| Unrecognized Compensation Cost | |||||
| USD | |||||
| 2027 | $ | ||||
| 2028 | $ | ||||
| 2029 | $ | ||||
| 2030 | $ | ||||
| Total | |||||
F-24
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology
Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 8 — SHORT-TERM LOANS
Bank loans represent amounts due to various banks maturing within one year. The principal of the borrowings is due at maturity. Accrued interest is due either monthly or annually.
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Loans from financial institutions | $ | $ | ||||||
MF Beijing obtained a loan of RMB
NOTE 9 — TAXES PAYABLES
Tax payables consisted of the following:
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Income tax payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Withholding tax payable | ||||||||
| VAT tax payable | ||||||||
| Tax payables | $ | $ | ||||||
NOTE 10 — ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Consulting and legal fees | $ | $ | ||||||
| Payroll and welfare payable | ||||||||
| Other current liabilities | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
F-25
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology
Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 11 — RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The table below sets forth the related parties and their relationships with the Company as of June 30, 2026 and 2025:
| Name of related party | Relationship with the Company | |
| Jian Chen | ||
| Ruien Intelligent Agent (Hangzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. | serves as director |
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| Amounts due to related parties | 2026 | 2025 | ||||||
| Jian Chen* | $ | $ | ||||||
| Amounts due to related parties, non-current | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
Significant transactions with related parties were as follows:
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Transactions with related parties: | ||||||||||||
| Ruien Intelligent Agent (Hangzhou) Technology Co., Ltd. (1) | ||||||||||||
| Jian Chen (2) | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| (1) |
| (2) |
F-26
MINDFORGE
INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 12 — TAXATION
Income Taxes
Cayman Islands
The Company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on income or capital gains. Additionally, upon payments of dividends to the shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed.
Hong Kong
Under the current Hong Kong Revenue Ordinance, the Company’s subsidiary in Hong Kong is subject to
PRC
The Company’s subsidiaries incorporated in the PRC are subject to PRC Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) on the taxable income in accordance with the relevant PRC income tax laws. Effective from January 1, 2008, a new Enterprise Income Tax Law, or the New EIT Law, combined the previous income tax laws for foreign invested and domestic invested enterprises in the PRC by the adoption of a unified tax rate of
Entities qualifying as “small enterprise with low profit” and with a taxable income not exceeding RMB
The following table reconciles the statutory rate to the Company’s effective tax rate (amounts in USD; percentages in %):
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amount | % | Amount | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Losses before provision for income taxes | $ | ( | ) | - | $ | ( | ) | - | $ | ( | ) | - | ||||||||||||
| Income tax expense computed at applicable tax rates ( | ( | ) | % | ( | ) | % | ( | ) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Effect of PRC preferential tax rate and tax exemption | ( | )% | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Non-deductible expenses | ( | )% | ( | )% | ( | )% | ||||||||||||||||||
| Release of previously accrued income taxes | ( | ) | % | ( | ) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Change of valuation allowance | ( | )% | ( | ) | % | ( | )% | |||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense/Effective tax rate | $ | ( | ) | % | $ | ( | ) | % | $ | ( | )% | |||||||||||||
F-27
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 12 — TAXATION (cont.)
Income Taxes (cont.)
Significant components for income taxes are as follows:
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Current income tax (benefit) expense | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
| Deferred tax (benefit) expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
Despite the consolidated net loss, current income tax expense is recognized due to taxable income generated by certain subsidiaries. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes.
The following table presents the significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets for the periods presented:
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Net operating loss carryforwards | $ | $ | ||||||
| Allowance for credit losses | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Less: valuation allowance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Deferred tax assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Right-of-use assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities, net | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
As of June 30, 2026, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards in the PRC expiring within five years on December 31, 2031. However, a full valuation allowance has been established against the related deferred tax assets due to uncertainty regarding the generation of sufficient future taxable income. Consequently, no net deferred tax assets were recognized for these losses. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Recovery of substantially all of the Company’s deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future income, exclusive of reversing taxable temporary differences. For the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024, the change in valuation allowance were an increase of $
F-28
MINDFORGE
INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 13 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
The 2024 Reverse Share Split
The Company completed a reverse share split of its then issued and outstanding ordinary shares, as well as the number of authorized ordinary shares, at a ratio of 1-for-16 on November 27, 2024 (“2024 Reverse Share Split”). The 2024 Reverse Share Split was approved by the shareholders at the annual meeting of shareholders held on October 24, 2024 and by the Board on November 2, 2024. During the same annual meeting, the shareholders also approved an increase of the Company’s share capital. As a result, the Company’s authorized share capital was US$
The 2026 Reverse Share Split
The Company effected reserve share splits of its ordinary shares at ratios of
As a result of the 2026 Reverse Share Split, the par value of the Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares was increased to $
All share numbers and per-share data presented in these consolidated financial statements and related notes have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the cumulative effect of the 2024 Reverse Share Splits and the 2026 Reverse Share Splits.
Ordinary shares
As of June 30, 2024, the Company issued
On September 18, 2024, the Company adopted the 2024 Equity Incentive Plan (the “ESOP”), and the ESOP provided for the grant of awards to eligible employees, consultants and advisors. It granted a total of
On July 30, 2025, the Company adopted the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan (the “EIP”), and the number of ordinary shares of US$
On August 4, 2025, the Company granted a total of
On November 4, 2025, the shareholder and board resolution of the Company approved the following: 1) the increase of the Company’s authorized share capital from USD
The change in authorized share capital and the designation of ordinary shares into different classes represent a capital structure change only and does not impact total shareholders’ equity, net assets, or results of operations. The effect is limited to reclassification within equity, with no impact on the financial statements under U.S. GAAP.
F-29
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 13 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (cont.)
Statutory reserves and restricted net assets
Relevant PRC laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Company’s entities only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, the Company’s PRC subsidiaries are required to annually appropriate
As a result of these PRC laws and regulations and the requirement that distributions by the PRC entities can only be paid out of distributable profits computed in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations, the PRC entities are restricted from transferring a portion of their net assets. Amounts restricted include paid-in capital and statutory reserves of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2026 and 2025, the aggregate amounts of restricted net assets of the relevant PRC entities amounted to $
2024 PIPE Offering
On November 28, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with several non-U.S. investors for a private placement (the “2024 PIPE Offering”) of
Each Warrant is immediately exercisable and expires five years from the date of issuance. The initial exercise price of each Warrant was US$
This Warrant can be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise”. During March 25, 2025 and April 9, 2025, the Company exercised all warrants under the PIPE transaction via cashless exercise, issuing
2026 PIPE Offering
On April 27, 2026, the Company entered into certain securities purchase agreements (the “2026 PIPE Offering”) with certain investors, pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell, on a “best-efforts” basis,
Upon issuance on April 27, 2026, the warrants were liability-classified as they are not considered indexed to the Company’s common stock. The warrants are measured at fair value each period with changes in fair value presented within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The valuation of the warrants is classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy due to the use of observable market inputs, primarily the quoted price of the Company’s common stock underlying the warrants. The initial carrying value of the 2026 PIPE Offering warrants at issuance was $
The fair values of marketable securities and warrant liabilities are determined based on observable market inputs.
As of the effective date of the 2026 Reverse Share Split, the Company had
F-30
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 13 — SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (cont.)
As of June 30, 2026, there were
The following tables present information about the Company’s warrant liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
| As of June 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
| Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
The fair value of the Company’s warrant liabilities is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The valuation is primarily based on the observable market price of the underlying Class A ordinary shares on the measurement date. No significant unobservable inputs were used in the determination of fair value.
The fair values of warrant liabilities are determined based on observable market inputs. During the period from the PIPE Offering issuance date to June 30, 2026, there were no transfers between levels.
There was no warrant activities during the year ended June 30, 2024.
| Warrants | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Contractual Life in Years | ||||||||||
| Warrants Outstanding as of June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||||
| Warrants Exercisable as of June 30, 2024 | - | |||||||||||
| Warrants Granted | - | |||||||||||
| Warrants Exercised | - | |||||||||||
| Warrants Expired | - | |||||||||||
| Warrants Outstanding as of June 30, 2025 | $ | - | ||||||||||
| Warrants Exercisable as of June 30, 2025 | - | |||||||||||
| Warrants Granted | ||||||||||||
| Warrants Exercised | ||||||||||||
| Warrants Expired | - | |||||||||||
| Warrants Outstanding as of June 30, 2026 | ||||||||||||
| Warrants Exercisable as of June 30, 2026 | $ | |||||||||||
NOTE 14 — LEASES
Operating Leases
On November 30, 2023, the Company entered into an operating lease agreement for office premises with a term commencing on
F-31
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 14 — LEASES (cont.)
For the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized total operating lease expenses including short-term lease expenses of $
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities – current | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities – noncurrent | ||||||||
| Total operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
The weighted-average remaining lease term and the weighted-average discount rate of leases are as follows:
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) | ||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate | % | % | ||||||
The following table summarizes the maturity of operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2026:
| As of June 30, | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| Thereafter | ||||
| Total lease payments | ||||
| Less: imputed interest | ( | ) | ||
| Total lease liabilities | $ | |||
F-32
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 15 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
a) Commitments
As of June 30, 2026, the Company did not have commitments contracted but not yet reflected in the consolidated financial statements.
(b) Contingencies
From time to time, the Company is subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of its business. As of June 30, 2026, the Company was involved in any legal or administrative proceedings.
NOTE 16 — LOSS ON DECONSOLIDATION OF SUBSIDIARIES
In October 2024, RDYJ and Jiangsu YJYC were dissolved, their remaining assets and liabilities were cleared, and the differences were transferred to loss on deconsolidation.
In July 2025, Jiangsu Jingmo was dissolved, its remaining assets and liabilities were cleared, and the differences were transferred to loss on deconsolidation.
The following table summarizes the gain (loss) on deconsolidation recognized by the Company:
During the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024, the Company deconsolidated certain subsidiaries as a result of disposal. These entities were not individually significant to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The deconsolidations did not represent a strategic shift that has or will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. Accordingly, the deconsolidations did not qualify for presentation as discontinued operations under ASC 205-20.
During the years ended June 30, 2026, 2025 and 2024, the deconsolidations resulted in an aggregate loss of $
Following these deconsolidations, the Company has no continuing involvement with these entities. The transactions were not with related parties, and the former subsidiaries will not be related parties following deconsolidation.
The following table summarizes the gain (loss) on deconsolidation of subsidiaries recognized by the Company:
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Gain on deconsolidation of RDYJ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| (Loss) on deconsolidation of Jiangsu YJYC | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| (Loss) on deconsolidation of Jiangsu Jingmo | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total loss on deconsolidation | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
F-33
MINDFORGE
INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 17 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Management has evaluated subsequent events through October 23, 2026, the date these consolidated financial statements were available for issuance.
On July 7, 2026, the holders of the remaining
On July 10, 2026, the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) unanimously adopted written resolutions approving a change of the Company’s name from “U-BX Technology Ltd.” to “MindForge Inc.” (the “Name Change”). Concurrently, the Board approved a change of the Company’s trading symbol from “UBXG” to “MF” (the “Symbol Change”). These changes were previously authorized by shareholders via a special resolution passed at the Annual Meeting held on November 4, 2025. The Name Change and Symbol Change became effective on July 15, 2026, following approval by the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands. Consequently, the Company now operates under the name “MindForge Inc.” with the trading symbol “MF”.
MindForge Suzhou, a subsidiary of the Company, commenced its simplified deregistration in September 2026. The deregistration did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations as of and for the year ended June 30, 2026
NOTE 18 — CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE PARENT COMPANY
The Company performed a test on the restricted net assets of the consolidated subsidiaries in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X Rule 4-08 (e) (3), “General Notes to Financial Statements” and concluded that it was applicable for the Company to disclose the financial information for the parent company only.
The subsidiaries did not pay any dividends to the Company for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures generally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been and omitted. These statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
The financial information of the parent company has been prepared using the same accounting policies as set out in the Company’s consolidated financial statements except that the parent company used the equity method to account for investments in its subsidiaries.
F-34
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
The following represents financial information of the parent company:
Condensed balance sheets
| As of June 30, | ||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Due from intercompany | ||||||||
| Investment in subsidiaries | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Warrant liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | ||||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Shareholders’ Equity | ||||||||
| Ordinary shares ($ | $ | $ | ||||||
| Class A ordinary shares ($ | ||||||||
| Class B ordinary shares ($ | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficits | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
F-35
MINDFORGE INC. (formerly known as U-BX Technology Ltd.)
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In U.S. dollars, except for number of shares, or otherwise noted)
NOTE 18 — CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF THE PARENT COMPANY (cont.)
Condensed statements of loss and comprehensive loss
| For the years ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Equity loss in subsidiaries | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Comprehensive loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
Condensed statements of cash flows
| For the years Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) operating activities | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||||||
| Net increase in cash | ||||||||||||
| Cash at the beginning of the year | ||||||||||||
| Cash at the end of the year | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
F-36
Exhibit 2.1
Description of Rights of Securities
Registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Amended (the “Exchange Act”)
Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.04 per share, of MindForge Inc. (“MF”, “we,” “our,” the “Company,” or “us”) are listed and traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market, and in connection with this listing (but not for trading), its class A ordinary shares are registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act. This exhibit contains a description of the rights of the holders of class A ordinary shares.
Description of Ordinary Shares
The following is a summary of material provisions of our currently effective fourth amended and restated memorandum of association and articles of association (the “Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association”), as well as the Cayman Companies Act (2024 Revision) (the “Companies Act”) insofar as they relate to the material terms of our class A ordinary shares. Notwithstanding this, because it is a summary, it may not contain all the information that you may otherwise deem important. For more complete information, you should read the entire Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, which have been filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as exhibits to the annual report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026 of which this exhibit forms a part (the “Annual Report”).
Type and Class of Securities (Item 9.A.5 of Form 20-F)
The authorized share capital of MF is USD 250,000,000.00 divided into divided into 6,050,000,000 class A ordinary shares of par value USD 0.04 each (referred to as the “Class A Ordinary Shares”) and 200,000,000 class B ordinary shares of par value USD 0.04 each (referred to as the “Class B Ordinary Shares”, and together with the Class A Ordinary Shares, the “Ordinary Shares”).
Preemptive Rights (Item 9.A.3 of Form 20-F)
There are no pre-emptive rights applicable to the Ordinary Shares under either the Companies Act or our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Limitations or Qualifications (Item 9.A.6 of Form 20-F)
Not applicable.
Rights of Other Types of Securities (Item 9.A.7 of Form 20-F)
Not applicable.
Rights of Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.3 of Form 20-F)
In respect of matters requiring a shareholder vote, each holder of Class A Ordinary Shares is entitled to one (1) vote per Class A Ordinary Share and each holder of Class B Ordinary Shares is entitled to twenty (20) votes per Class B Ordinary Share. Our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association do not permit a director to decide what compensation he or she will receive. All decisions about the compensation of directors will be recommended by the compensation committee, upon its formation, and approved by the Board as a whole, both acting only when a quorum of members is present.
The following are summaries of the material provisions of our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association and the Companies Act, insofar as they relate to the material terms of our Ordinary Shares. As a convenience to potential investors, we provide the below description of Cayman law and our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association together with a comparison to similar features under Delaware law.
General
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for the ordinary shares is Transhare Corporation, 17755 US Hwy 19 N, Clearwater, FL 33764.
Distributions
The holders of our Ordinary Shares are entitled to such dividends or other distributions as may be authorized by our Board of Directors, subject to the Companies Act and our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Dividends. Subject to the provisions of the Cayman Islands Companies Act and the Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, the directors may declare dividends or distributions out of our funds to holders of Class A Ordinary Shares which are lawfully available for that purpose. Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the Company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business.
Voting Rights. Subject to any rights or restrictions as to voting attached to any shares and the Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares shall carry equal rights and rank pari passu. Each Class A Ordinary Share shall entitle the holder to one (1) vote on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of the Company; whereas, each Class B Ordinary Share shall be entitled to twenty (20) votes on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of the Company.
General Meetings of Shareholders. All general meetings other than annual general meetings shall be called extraordinary general meetings unless the general meeting is an annual general meeting. We may but are not obliged to hold an annual general meeting.
Any director may convene general meetings at such times and in such manner and places within or outside the Cayman Islands as the director considers necessary or desirable. General meetings shall also be convened by any one or more of our directors on the written request of shareholders entitled to exercise 10% or more of the voting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requisitioned. Such written request must state the objects of the meeting and must be signed by the shareholders requisitioning the meeting. The written request must be lodged at our registered office in the Cayman Islands and may be delivered in counterpart. If the directors do not proceed to convene a general meeting within 21 days of the written request to requisition a meeting being lodged the requisitionists, or any of them together holding at least half of the voting rights of all of them, may convene the general meeting in the same manner as nearly as possible as that in which a general meeting may be convened by a director. Where the requisitionists fail to convene the general meeting within three months of their right to convene the meeting arising, the right to convene the general meeting shall lapse.
The director convening a general meeting shall give not less than seven days’ notice (not including the day on which the notice is given (or deemed to be given), but including the day on which the period of time expires) of a general meeting to those shareholders whose names on the date the notice is given appear as members in our register of members and are entitled to vote at the meeting. Such director shall also give such notice to each of the directors.
A general meeting held in contravention of the requirement to give notice is valid if shareholders holding at least 90% of the total voting rights on all the matters to be considered at the meeting have waived notice of the meeting and, for this purpose, the presence of a shareholder at the meeting shall constitute waiver in relation to all the shares which that shareholder holds.
Subject to the Cayman Islands Companies Act and with the consent of the shareholders who, individually or collectively, hold at least ninety percent of the voting rights of all those who have a right to vote at a general meeting, a general meeting may be convened on shorter notice.
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A general meeting is duly constituted if, at the commencement of the meeting, there are present in person, through their authorised representative or by proxy two or more shareholders entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at the meeting except where there is only one shareholder entitled to vote on resolutions of shareholders to be considered at the meeting in which case the quorum shall be one shareholder. Where a quorum comprises a single shareholder or proxy, such person may pass a resolution of shareholders and a certificate signed by such person accompanied where such person be a proxy by a copy of the proxy instrument shall constitute a valid resolution of shareholders.
If, within two hours from the time appointed for the general meeting, a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon the requisition of shareholders, shall be dissolved. In any other case it shall stand adjourned to the next business day in the jurisdiction in which the meeting was to have been held at the same time and place or to such other time and place as the directors may determine, and if at the adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting the shareholders present shall be a quorum.
The chairman may, with the consent of the meeting, adjourn any meeting from time to time, and from place to place, but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business left unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place.
At any general meeting the chairman is responsible for deciding in such manner as considered appropriate whether any resolution proposed has been carried or not and the result of the decision shall be announced to the meeting and recorded in the minutes of the meeting. If the chairman has any doubt as to the outcome of the vote on a proposed resolution, he shall cause a poll to be taken of all votes cast upon such resolution and the result shall be announced to the meeting and recorded in the minutes of the meeting. The minutes of the meeting shall be conclusive evidence of the fact that a resolution was carried or not without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded in favour of or against such resolution.
Transfer of Ordinary Shares. The transferor shall be deemed to remain the holder of an ordinary share until the name of the transferee is entered on the register of members of the Company. Where the shares in question are not listed on or subject to the rules of Nasdaq, shares are transferable, subject to the consent of our board of directors who may, in their absolute discretion, refuse to consent to any transfer and decline to register the transfer without giving any reason. If our directors refuse to register a transfer of a share, they are required, within two months after the date on which the transfer was lodged, to notify the transferee of the refusal.
Liquidation. The shareholders may, subject to the Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association and any other sanction required by the Cayman Islands Companies Act, pass a special resolution allowing the Company to be wound up voluntarily. If the Company shall be wound up, and the assets available for distribution amongst the shareholders shall be insufficient to repay the whole of the share capital, such assets shall be distributed so that, as nearly as may be, the losses shall be borne by the shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them. If in a winding up the assets available for distribution amongst the shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed amongst the shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to the Company for unpaid calls or otherwise, without prejudice to the rights of holders of shares issued upon special terms and conditions. The directors have the authority to present a petition for our winding up to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands on our behalf without the sanction of a resolution passed at a general meeting.
Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares. The directors may, from time to time, make calls on the shareholders in respect of some or all of any monies unpaid on their shares, whether in respect of par value or the premium payable on those shares, and each shareholder shall (subject to receiving at least 14 days’ notice specifying the time or times of payment), pay to us at the time or times so specified the amount called on his shares. The directors may revoke or postpone a call at any time. The joint holders of a share shall be jointly and severally liable to pay all calls in respect of the share and the holder or joint holders of a share at the time of a call shall remain liable to pay the call on that share, notwithstanding any subsequent transfer of the share being registered by the Company. If a sum called in respect of a shares is not paid before or on the day appointed for payment of that call, the shareholder from whom it is due and payable shall pay interest on the sum at such rate as the directors may determine (being the rate fixed by the terms of allotment of the share or in the notice of the call or if no rate is fixed, at the rate of 6 percent per annum) from the day appointed for payment of the call to the time of the actual payment. The directors may, at their discretion, waive payment of the interest in full or in part. We have a first and paramount lien on every share (whether or not it is a fully paid share). The lien is for all monies, whether presently payable or not, called or payable at a fixed time in respect of that share and for all debts, liabilities or other obligations owed, whether presently or not, by the shareholder or by one or more joint shareholders or by any of their estates to the Company. At any time the directors may declare any share to be wholly or in part exempt from the lien on shares provisions of the Articles. Our lien, if any, on a share shall extend to all distributions payable on it.
3
Variations of Rights of Shares. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under the Cayman Islands Companies Act and our articles, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, the rights attaching to any class of share (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may be varied either with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a resolution passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the holders of shares of the class present in person or by proxy at a separate general meeting of the holders of shares of that class.
Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of our Ordinary Shares will have no general right under the Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association except as conferred by the Cayman Islands Companies Act or authorized by the directors or by the Company in a general meeting to inspect or obtain copies of our register of members or our corporate records. Under Cayman Islands law, the names of our current directors can be obtained from a search conducted at the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands.
Exempted Company. We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:
| ● | does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies; | |
| ● | is not required to open its register of members for inspection; | |
| ● | does not have to hold an annual general meeting; | |
| ● | may issue shares with no par value; | |
| ● | may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance); | |
| ● | may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands; | |
| ● | may register as an exempted limited duration company; and | |
| ● | may register as a segregated portfolio company. |
Requirements to Change the Rights of Holders of Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.4 of Form 20-F)
Changes in the number of shares we are authorized to issue and those in issue.
We may from time to time by resolution of our Board of Directors:
| ● | amend our amended and restated memorandum of association to increase or decrease the maximum number of shares we are authorized to issue; | |
| ● | subject to our memorandum of association, divide our authorized and issued shares into a larger number of shares; and | |
| ● | subject to our memorandum of association, combine our authorized and issued shares into a smaller number of shares. |
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Limitations on the Rights to Own Ordinary Shares (Item 10.B.6 of Form 20-F)
There are no limitations imposed by our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.
Provisions Affecting Any Change of Control (Item 10.B.7 of Form 20-F)
Protection of minority shareholders. Some provisions of our Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of the Company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that:
| ● | authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders; and | |
| ● | limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders. |
However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our post-offering memorandum and articles of association for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of the Company.
Ownership Threshold (Item 10.B.8 of Form 20-F)
There are no provisions under the Companies Act or under the Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association that govern the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.
Differences Between the Law of Different Jurisdictions (Item 10.B.9 of Form 20-F)
The Companies Act is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of England but does not follow recent English statutory enactments and accordingly there are significant differences between the Companies Act and the current Companies Act of England. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of certain significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware in the United States and their shareholders.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements. The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (a) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and (b) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (a) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The plan must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.
A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose, a company is a “parent” of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least ninety percent (90%) of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.
The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.
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Save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation, provided the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.
Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act also contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement, provided that the arrangement is approved by seventy-five per cent in value of the members or class of members, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made and a majority in number of each class of creditors with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must in addition represent seventy-five per cent in value of each such class of creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:
| ● | the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met; | |
| ● | the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class; | |
| ● | the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and | |
| ● | the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act. |
The Companies Act also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition which may facilitate the “squeeze out” of a dissentient minority shareholder upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.
If an arrangement and reconstruction by way of scheme of arrangement is thus approved and sanctioned, or if a tender offer is made and accepted, in accordance with the foregoing statutory procedures, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, save that objectors to a takeover offer may apply to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for various orders that the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands has a broad discretion to make, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.
The Companies Act also contains statutory provisions which provide that a company may present a petition to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for the appointment of a restructuring officer on the grounds that the company (a) is or is likely to become unable to pay its debts within the meaning of section 93 of the Companies Act; and (b) intends to present a compromise or arrangement to its creditors (or classes thereof) either, pursuant to the Companies Act, the law of a foreign country or by way of a consensual restructuring. The petition may be presented by a company acting by its directors, without a resolution of its members or an express power in its articles of association. On hearing such a petition, the Cayman Islands court may, among other things, make an order appointing a restructuring officer or make any other order as the court thinks fit.
6
Shareholders’ Suits. In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands courts can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v. Harbottle and the exceptions thereto) so that a non-controlling shareholder may be permitted to commence a class action against or derivative actions in the name of the company to challenge actions where:
| ● | a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires; | |
| ● | the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than the number of votes which have actually been obtained; and | |
| ● | those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.” |
A shareholder may have a direct right of action against us where the individual rights of that shareholder have been infringed or are about to be infringed. Our post-offering articles of association contain a provision by virtue of which our shareholders waive any claim or right of action that they have, both individually and on our behalf, against any director in relation to any action or failure to take action by such director in the performance of his or her duties with or for the Company, except in respect of any fraud, willful default or dishonesty of such director.
Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability. Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our amended memorandum and articles of association provides that every director, alternate director or officer shall be indemnified out of the assets of the Company against any liability incurred by him as a result of any act or failure to act in carrying out his functions other than such liability (if any) that he may incur by his own actual fraud or wilful default. To the extent permitted by law, we may make a payment, or agree to make a payment, whether by way of advance, loan or otherwise, for any legal costs incurred by an existing or former secretary or any of our officers in respect of any matter identified in above on condition that the secretary or officer must repay the amount paid by us to the extent that it is ultimately found not liable to indemnify the secretary or that officer for those legal costs. Certain agreements may also provide for indemnification of us and our officers and directors. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Directors’ Fiduciary Duties. As a matter of Cayman Islands law, directors of a Cayman Islands company owe fiduciary duties to the company and separately a duty of care, diligence and skill to the company. Under Cayman Islands law, directors and officers owe the following fiduciary duties: (i) a duty to act in good faith in what the director or officer believes to be in the best interests of the company as a whole; (ii) a duty to exercise powers for the purposes for which those powers were conferred and not for a collateral purpose; (iii) directors should not improperly fetter the exercise of future discretion; (iv) a duty to exercise powers fairly as between different classes of shareholders; (v) a duty to exercise independent judgment; and (vi) a duty not to put themselves in a position in which there is a conflict between their duty to the company and their personal interests. In fulfilling their duty of care to the Company, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time. The Company may have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached.
Our board of directors has all the powers necessary for managing, and for directing and supervising, our business affairs. The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:
| ● | convening shareholders’ annual and extraordinary general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings; | |
| ● | declaring dividends and distributions; | |
| ● | appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers; | |
| ● | exercising the borrowing powers of the Company and mortgaging the property of the Company; and | |
| ● | approving the transfer of shares in the Company, including the registration of such transfer in our register of members. |
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Shareholder Action by Written Consent. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law permits us to eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent and our post-offering amended and restated articles of association provide that any action required or permitted to be taken at any general meetings may be taken upon the vote of shareholders at a general meeting duly noticed and convened in accordance with our post-offering amended and restated articles of association and may not be taken by written consent of the shareholders without a meeting.
Shareholder Proposals. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. The Delaware General Corporation Law does not provide shareholders an express right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, but in keeping with common law, Delaware corporations generally afford shareholders an opportunity to make proposals and nominations provided that they comply with the notice provisions in the certificate of incorporation or bylaws. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.
The Cayman Islands Companies Act provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting, and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our articles provide that general meetings may also be convened by any one or more of our directors on the written request of shareholders entitled to exercise 10% or more of the voting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requisitioned. Such written request must state the objects of the meeting and must be signed by the shareholders requisitioning the meeting. The written request must be lodged at our registered office in the Cayman Islands and may be delivered in counterpart. If the directors do not proceed to convene a general meeting within 21 days of the written request to requisition a meeting being lodged the requisitionists, or any of them together holding at least half of the voting rights of all of them, may convene the general meeting in the same manner as nearly as possible as that in which a general meeting may be convened by a director. Where the requisitionists fail to convene the general meeting within three months of their right to convene the meeting arising, the right to convene the general meeting shall lapse. As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obligated by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.
Cumulative Voting. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for appointment of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to appointing such director. As permitted under the Cayman Islands Companies Act, our articles do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.
Removal of Directors. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Subject to the provisions of our articles (which include the removal of a director by ordinary resolution), the office of a director may be vacated if: (a) he gives notice in writing to the Company that he resigns the office of director; or (b) he absents himself (without being represented by an alternate director appointed by him) from three consecutive meetings of the board of directors without special leave of absence from the directors, and they pass a resolution that he has by reason of such absence vacated office; or; (c) dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors generally; (d) he is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; or; (e) the other directors (being not less than two in number) resolve that he should be removed as a director.
Transactions with Interested Shareholders. The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation or bylaws that is approved by its shareholders, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock or who or which is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and owned 15% or more of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.
The Cayman Islands Companies Act has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although the Cayman Islands Companies Act does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, under Cayman Islands law such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and for a proper corporate purpose and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.
8
Dissolution; Winding up. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board of directors.
Under the Cayman Islands Companies Act and our articles, the Company may be wound up by a special resolution of our shareholders, or if the winding up is initiated by our board of directors, by either a special resolution of our members or, if the Company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of our members. In addition, a company may be wound up by an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.
Variation of Rights of Shares. If at any time our share capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may be varied either with the consent in writing of the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a special resolution passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the holders of shares of the class present in person or by proxy at a separate general meeting of the holders of shares of that class. Unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms, of issue of any class, the rights conferred on the holders of shares of that class shall not be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with that class.
Amendment of Governing Documents. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s certificate of incorporation may be amended only if adopted and declared advisable by the board of directors and approved by a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, and the bylaws may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote and may, if so provided in the certificate of incorporation, also be amended by the board of directors. Under the Cayman Islands Companies Act, our articles may only be amended by special resolution of our shareholders.
Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders. There are no limitations imposed by our post-offering memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our post-offering memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.
Changes in Capital (Item 10.B.10 of Form 20-F)
Subject to the Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association and the Companies Act, we may amend the Memorandum of Association by a resolution of shareholders or by a resolution of directors, to change our number of authorized shares.
Debt Securities (Item 12.A of Form 20-F)
Not applicable.
Warrants and Rights (Item 12.B of Form 20-F)
Not applicable.
Other Securities (Item 12.C of Form 20-F)
Not applicable.
Description of American Depositary Shares (Items 12.D.1 and 12.D.2 of Form 20-F)
Not applicable.
9
Exhibit 8.1
| Name of Subsidiary | Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization | |
| Beijing Lianghua Technology Co., Limited | People’s Republic of China | |
| Hangzhou JZYH Technology Co., Ltd. | People’s Republic of China | |
| MF Group Limited | Hong Kong | |
| Suzhou Lianghua Digital Technology Co., Limited | People’s Republic of China | |
| Suzhou Youjiayoubao Technology Co., Limited | People’s Republic of China | |
| Shanghai ZLQX Technology Service Co., Ltd | People’s Republic of China | |
| Youjiayoubao (Beijing) Technology Co., Limited | People’s Republic of China | |
| Zhejiang Decision Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. | People’s Republic of China | |
| Zhejiang JZSC Enterprise Management Co., Ltd | People’s Republic of China | |
| Zhejiang JZSC Technology Co., Ltd | People’s Republic of China |
Exhibit 12.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Jian Chen, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026 of MindForge Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13-a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| MindForge Inc. | ||
| Dated: October 26, 2026 | By: | /s/ Jian Chen |
| Jian Chen Chief Executive Officer | ||
Exhibit 12.2
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Qingcai Li, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026 of MindForge Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13-a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
| MindForge Inc. | ||
| Dated: October 26, 2026 | By: | /s/ Qingcai Li |
| Qingcai Li Chief Financial Officer | ||
Exhibit 13.1
CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of MindForge Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Annual Report”), Jian Chen, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Sec. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
1. The Annual Report, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. The information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| MindForge Inc. | ||
| Dated: October 26, 2026 | By: | /s/ Jian Chen |
| Jian Chen Chief Executive Officer | ||
Exhibit 13.2
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906
OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT of 2002
In connection with the Annual Report of MindForge Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2026 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Annual Report”), Qingcai Li, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Sec. 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
1. The Annual Report, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. The information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| MindForge Inc. | ||
| Dated: October 26, 2026 | By: | /s/ Qingcai Li |
| Qingcai Li Chief Financial Officer | ||
Exhibit 15.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-289069) and Form F-3 (File No. 333-291797) of MindForge Inc. of our report dated October 26, 2026, relating to the consolidated balance sheets of the MindForge Inc. as of June 30, 2026 and 2025, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended June 30, 2026, and the related notes, included in MindForge Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended June 30, 2026.
| /s/ HTL International, LLC | |
| HTL International, LLC | |
| Houston, Texas | |
| October 26, 2026 |