Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by and welcome to MFA Financial's Second Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. As a reminder, today’s conference is being recorded. I will now turn the conference over to our host, Mr. Hal Schwartz. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, operator, and good morning everyone. The information discussed on this conference call today may contain or refer to forward-looking statements regarding MFA Financial, Inc., which reflect management’s beliefs, expectations, and assumptions as to MFA’s future performance and operations. When used, statements that are not historical in nature, including those containing words such as will, believe, expect, anticipate, estimate, should, could, and would or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made. These types of statements are subject to various known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors including those described in MFA’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, and other reports that it may file from time-to-time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These risks, uncertainties, and other factors could cause MFA’s actual results to differ materially from those projected, expressed, or implied in any forward-looking statements it makes. For additional information regarding MFA’s use of forward-looking statements, please see the relevant disclosure in the press release announcing MFA’s second quarter 2023 financial results. Thank you for your time. I would now like to turn this call over to MFA’s CEO and President, Craig Knutson.

Thank you, Hal. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us here today for MFA Financial’s second quarter 2023 earnings call. Also with me today are Steve Yarad, our CFO; Gudmundur Kristjansson and Bryan Wulfsohn, our Co-Chief Investment Officers; and other members of senior management. The interest rate environment in the second quarter of 2023 was another volatile one, with rates grinding higher for most of the quarter. 2-year treasuries were below 4% early in the second quarter after rallying in the aftermath of the banking crisis in March. However, as the fear of additional banking fallout began to fade, the bond market finally seemed to capitulate and began to take Fed Chair Powell’s consistent message to heart. We don’t hear so much about the false optimism of a rate cut later this year, and bond yields, particularly 2 years, moved higher throughout the quarter to reflect this reality. 2-year treasuries ended the quarter almost 100 basis points higher, and the 2-10 year inversion widened from about 50 basis points at the beginning of the quarter to about 100 basis points at the end of the quarter. This inverted curve, together with general interest rate volatility, continued to make levered investing in fixed income and in mortgages, in particular, very challenging. That said, MFA’s risk management discipline and strategic initiatives have enabled us to weather this storm extraordinarily well. Our net interest rate spread increased by 40 basis points from 1.74 to 2.14 during the second quarter despite this challenging backdrop. As we have for several quarters now, we effectively locked in our funding costs through securitization and interest rate swaps. The yield on our interest-earning assets increased by 41 basis points, while our interest expense increased by only 1 basis point. We added almost $1 billion of new investments in the second quarter as we continued to add assets at progressively higher yields. Our distributable earnings for the second quarter was $0.40, which comfortably exceeded our $0.35 dividend. Our book value was off modestly in the second quarter, but this should not be a big surprise, as we have consistently communicated that our net portfolio duration gap has been about one. This duration exposure led to a book value increase in the first quarter and to a book value decline in the second quarter, and we generated a total economic return for the first half of the year of 2%. As we illustrate on Page 10 of our earnings deck, our book value was driven overwhelmingly by the higher interest rate impact on the fair value of our loan portfolio, which is marked at a substantial discount to par. Despite the fact that the fair value of these loans is below par, the principal that we received, whether through payoffs, curtailments, or simply scheduled monthly principal payments, are received at par. We are very pleased with our portfolio credit metrics, as we saw loan delinquencies decline during the second quarter in each of our major asset classes. The substantial seasoning of much of this portfolio and a current loan-to-value ratio of 59% provide a solid credit backstop that supports the expectation that this principal will be repaid at par. Although the future interest rate outlook is far from certain, it appears that the Fed is at or at least near the end of the rate tightening cycle, and the consensus at this point seems to be that the Fed will hold rates steady for at least the next few quarters to give the economy and markets the necessary time to feel the cumulative impact of 525 basis points of tighter monetary policy. Fortunately, we continue to benefit from the hard work we did in late 2021 and early 2022, which effectively fixed our funding costs, while we now have attractive investment opportunities to add new assets at very accretive yields. As we show on Page 7 of our earnings deck, very few of our $3 billion of interest rate swaps mature before the fourth quarter of 2024. Finally, our wholly owned business purpose loan originator, Lima One, continues to shine, producing successively higher volume levels of high-yielding and high-quality assets. We cannot emphasize enough the inimitable value that this captive originator delivers to MFA’s shareholders. Not only does it provide a steady and substantial source of internally generated assets, but the significance of the integrated nature of this arrangement is evident in loan performance. One of the underappreciated benefits of a captive originator versus a more broad and fragmented aggregator strategy is that Lima One underwrites these loans, they service the loans, they manage the construction draws, and most importantly, they have a relationship with the borrowers. Now, this is not to suggest that loans will not go delinquent. This is always a risk. But we uniquely control our own outcome. And there is no conflict of interest between the originator, servicer, and the investor because we all live under the same roof. And I will now turn the call over to Gudmundur to talk about portfolio activity and additionally about Lima One.

Thanks, Craig. Second quarter acquisitions increased by approximately 60% compared to the first quarter as we added approximately $1 billion of loans and securities and grew our investment portfolio by 5% to about $8.9 billion. Business purpose and non-QM loans accounted for the majority of our acquisitions at approximately $900 million. These loans had an average coupon of approximately 9.5% and a strong credit profile, with average LTV of 68% and average FICO of 734. We also continued to execute on our agency MBS strategy and added about $100 million of agency MBS in the quarter. That portfolio now stands at about $400 million. And as we discussed last quarter, we believe that agency MBS yields and spreads are attractive here on a standalone basis, but that they also provide risk management benefits to our credit-focused portfolio by improving portfolio liquidity and having the potential to perform well during periods of economic softness. Given current financing levels, we expect that return on equity will be around mid-teens for the second quarter additions, and that continues to be the case for assets that we are adding in the third quarter. Significantly higher interest rates and wider credit spreads today compared to the late 2020 through early 2022 period are providing us with a great opportunity to add attractive assets to our portfolio. A combination of prudent risk management and strategic decisions have put us in a position to take advantage of this environment. First, our significant interest rate hedging activities in late 2021 and early 2022, combined with active securitizations of our whole loans have helped us maintain substantial liquidity and a strong balance sheet. Second, our strategic acquisition of Lima One in 2021 provides us with the capacity to create high-quality and high-yielding business purpose loans in size. This combination of liquidity and access to attractive assets has enabled us to acquire about $1.9 billion of loans with an average coupon of approximately 9.5% in the last three quarters. As Craig highlighted in his opening remarks, we are seeing the benefits of these acquisitions in our yield on interest-earning assets, which increased 41 basis points compared to the first quarter and is up 135 basis from a year ago to 6.1% in the second quarter. The increase in asset yields combined with the relative stability of our funding costs increased our portfolio spreads of 214 basis points in the second quarter of 40 basis points compared to the first quarter and up 77 basis points from a year ago. The economy continues to be resilient and seems to have coped well with the significant market volatility from the regional banking crisis and a debt ceiling standoff in the second quarter, with the first read on second quarter GDP coming in above expectations of 2.4%, and the labor market remaining resilient, with the unemployment rate hovering around 3.5% for the last 15 months. The housing market has also surprised many by showing resilience in the face of higher mortgage rates as low inventory levels prove to be a strong counterweight to low affordability. National home prices declined about 3% in the second half of last year, but the housing recession appears to be over for now, with national home prices rising about 2% year-to-date. These trends, combined with inflation steadily trending down, improve the outlook for the economy in the short to medium term and raise the probability that the Fed may be close to the end of this hiking cycle, but also that they may keep rates elevated for longer. This creates a favorable backdrop for our credit-focused portfolio as delinquencies and loss severities are less likely to deteriorate when the labor market is strong and home prices are rising. In addition, the current high-yielding investment environment may last longer if the Fed is about to settle in around current Fed funds levels for some time and let the lag effects of monetary policy work their way through the system. Turning to Lima One, Lima One had a really strong quarter and continued to show its importance to our investment strategy. Lima originated approximately $584 million of business purpose loans in the second quarter, a 50% increase from the first quarter, and has originated about $4.3 billion of business purpose loans for our balance sheet since our acquisition two years ago. Similar to the last few quarters, the majority of origination was focused on short-term transitional loans, which accounted for about 85% of second quarter origination. Demand for Lima’s products and services remains strong, with disruptions in the private lending space and less competition from regional banks providing opportunities to grow market share and attract talent in the space. The third quarter is off to a good start with July origination volume approximately $250 million, and we expect the third and fourth quarters each to have over $600 million of origination. Credit quality remains fundamental to our BPL strategy and the credit statistics on Lima's second quarter origination remains strong, with an average LTV of 66% and average FICO score of 738 on loans originated. The 60-plus day delinquency rate on our BPL loans originated by Lima One remained exceptionally low at 2.2% in the second quarter. Lima services all the loans they originate in-house and have a highly experienced construction management team that reviews all construction budgets and is actively involved in loss mitigation activities. We believe this is a huge advantage in the BPL space when combined with our investment strategy and credit culture and has led to excellent credit performance.

Thanks, Gudmundur. The story in the securitization markets remained the same in the second quarter. Rate volatility remained elevated, which generally leads to spreads widening, with the counterbalancing force being a limited technical supply picture. We issued one securitization backed by non-QM collateral in the second quarter. In connection with that securitization, we sold $300 million UPB in May prior to the raise backup in June, locking in a 6.1% cost of debt. Although we did not issue a securitization backed by transitional loans in the quarter, the two outstanding revolving deals previously issued continue to provide significant benefits as we have now recycled over $300 million in loans into those structures. Recently, we have seen a tightening in securitization spreads as rate volatility has calmed down, and we have seen supply continue to provide a tailwind. Spreads on AAAs for recent deals in the market are closing in on the types for the year seen earlier in January. We expect to come to market again in the third quarter and continue to believe that mortgage securitization will be an important part of our business strategy as it provides for non-recourse, non-mark to market financing, which will further insulate the portfolio from volatile markets. Moving to our credit performance, we saw improvement over the second quarter across our loan portfolio. 60-plus day delinquencies in our purchase performing loans decreased 2.8% from 3.1% in the first quarter, the components of that portfolio being the non-QM transitional loan and SFR portfolios, all showing improvement. 60-plus day delinquencies in our legacy RPL/NPL portfolios also improved by over 3 points from the prior quarter, down to 27.4%. This improvement resulted from a combination of liquidating previously delinquent loans as well as reviving delinquent loans back to current status through active asset management. Our asset management team has deep experience working through distressed situations to the benefit of our investors. We have now successfully worked out over $3 billion in loans, which we believe puts us in a unique position to be able to take advantage of potential opportunities in addition to limiting losses in times of economic stress. Prepayment fees on our purchase performing portfolio increased moderately from the prior quarter. Our legacy RPL portfolio CPR increased almost 3% from the previous quarter and our legacy NPL portfolio had a significant increase of over 10% to 14 CPR. These increases were expected as seasonality impacts from real estate transaction activity tend to push fees in the spring. Total pay-downs for the quarter exceeded $400 million, which were reinvested into loans carrying a coupon approximately 250 basis points higher. Lastly, we continue to take advantage of the strong housing market, reducing our REO portfolio, which continues to shrink as fewer properties are entering REO status and are being sold out of the portfolio. Over the quarter, we sold 95 properties for $32 million, resulting in $4 million in gains. We believe the low LTV of our portfolio combined with prudent credit underwriting have our portfolio well positioned for the current economic environment.

Thank you. We will now hear from Bose George with KBW.

Hi, good morning. I just wanted to ask – just about your duration gap that you noted it’s been year. How do you kind of arrive at that level and it versus being more neutral?

Hey, yes, hi, Bose. Thank you. Yes, so we’ve kind of been around that level for some time. We tightened it up a little last year, obviously, as we mentioned, when we put on the interest rate swaps and hedges so late ‘21 and ‘22, we did a lot of our hedging, as well as for securitization activities. The way we’ve thought about it is as rates have risen, it feels appropriate to have some duration in our portfolio. Most of our hedges are on the front end of the curve, so we’ve effectively isolated the impact of rising rates on cost of funds. That was really our emphasis to make sure we would stabilize the spread and our cost of funds over the long term. As rates are now probably reaching close to the end of the hiking cycle for the Fed, it feels like you’re supposed to respect both sides of the risk here. The fact that the Fed could go a little bit higher, but with inflation trending down, we’re probably at the point in time where the effects of economic policy, effects of Fed policy are working their way through the system. And so we think having a balanced portfolio, where we have the front end, but then have some durations that could potentially benefit from declining rates is the right approach here. Keep in mind, a duration of one is fairly low in the context of competitive space because our leverage is only about 3.9x. The impact on equity is always the leverage times the duration. The majority of our returns come from credit and credit exposure, and credit spreads are pretty wide. In the event that the economy continues to stay resilient, we do think we have a lot of benefits from the credit side of the portfolio, which is not necessarily reflected just in the duration.

Okay, great. Yes, that makes a lot of sense. Thanks. And then if you just switch to just the opportunities that could arise from some of the turmoil of the banks, can you just talk about spots where you could potentially see areas to deploy capital?

Sure. So, you have heard a lot about bank capital route changes recently and how that could open investment opportunities for mortgage rates. This is certainly possible, but I think some of that optimism is probably a little bit premature. We see the portfolios that are described as for sale, but in many cases, the sellers of prime jumbo loans with low interest rates are not willing or able to sell these pools at market prices. In addition, in most of these cases, there would be bank sellers. They really want to maintain their relationship with the borrower, so their preference would be to retain the servicing even if they sell the loans. This could also create challenges for buyers such as ourselves who would want to use securitization as a financing strategy because many of these banks are not set up to service a securitization properly. So that pricing expectations could align with reality in the future. Obviously, the operational friction can be overcome, but this will likely take some time. Finally, I’ll point out that we’ve focused primarily on non-QM loans and business purpose loans for the last five years, and I think that came from a belief that these loan classes offered superior risk-adjusted investment returns. We also identified a very strategic component of this investment strategy, namely that there was very little competition from banks for these loans. So I don’t think it’s by accident that those are the loans that we’ve focused on. There could be some opportunities going forward, but at least thus far, I think there are some real challenges for banks selling loans at market prices.

In both houses and in terms of the Lima One and the kind of the BPL origination side, we are feeling some benefits on the margin from the lack of competition from regional banks. Those banks definitely would compete in some of the transitional loans, fix and flip construction loans. To the extent that their balance sheet is constrained, as well as potentially higher capital requirements on them, we are definitely feeling some benefits on that. It’s not a transformational thing. But on the margin, it’s definitely making Lima’s life easier to attract borrowers.

Okay. Great. Thanks a lot.

Thank you. Our next question will come from the line of Steve Delaney of JMP Securities.

Good morning everyone and congrats on the strong distributable EPS figure of $0.40. Reading in the deck, I was curious about the economic book value decline of about 5% to 6%. But I see you are in the deck, you are attributing that to just higher interest rates. We have – compared to where we were in the second quarter, whichever – where the bonds are today, better than I, but we are – on average, we are probably up 50 basis points. I am curious if you put any additional interest rate swaps on your portfolio in the last couple of months to try to protect book value. Thanks.

Sure. Thanks for the question, Steve. In answering your question, no, we have not added additional interest rate swaps. But if we look at where the price changes were in the second quarter, I think they are exactly where you would expect them to be. The majority of loan prices that led to that book value decline were Non-QM loans, which were probably down a point in three quarters or so. And single-family rental loans, which were probably down about 2 points or so. Again, I don’t think it’s a big surprise. As Gudmundur said, we do see the overall interest rate risk being a little more balanced than we certainly did a year ago. Just to add to that, we performed a securitization of Non-QM loans in May. We didn’t take off any hedges when we executed on that securitization. The majority of the assets that we added were much shorter in nature being the BPL loan. We didn’t really think it made a ton of sense to add a bunch of hedges in the quarter, but we obviously reevaluate that on a day-to-day basis.

Yes, that’s a good point. Bryan pointed out, like, 85% of Lima’s origination was in the shorter-term transitional loans.

Yes. And those transitional loans, do you actually float the rate or is it just the short-term nature of the loan that you might have a fixed coupon, but a short duration?

Yes. It is the short-term nature of them. They are a fixed rate coupon, so it is the short-term nature of them. As you have seen, if you look through our deck, the coupon is going up every single quarter, substantially. If you look at our pipeline currently, when we say the coupon in the pipeline is above 10%. But that’s a blended coupon. If you just look at the transitional loans, you are probably closer to 10.5% to 10.75%, something like that in terms of coupons. That’s what’s coming on the book. We continue to see pay-downs in that book. As we said, the CPR is about 42%, three months CPR on the transitional loans, but the pay-down is a substantial pay-down in terms of principal received, as Bryan pointed out, the pay-down was about 7% the coupon that came off.

Got it. Okay. Do you have a handy distributable return on equity figure for the second quarter that you have calculated?

So, I guess having calculated, annualized, is probably 10% or 11% on book value.

Great. That’s close enough. I just say that will give us a good target to kind of just have in mind as we are updating model and such. And, okay, but look, good dividend coverage, $0.40 over $0.35. It sounds like the portfolio is only improving in terms of yield. So, keep it in the middle of the road, guys, you are in a good place.

Thank you. We will go next to the line of Doug Harter with Credit Suisse.

Thanks. Looking at Slide 10, which shows the potential upside to economic book value. Can you talk about where most of that discount sits in and how we should think about the duration of those assets or the time that it might take to recover that discount?

So, I would just say, off the top of my head that the majority of that is going to be in Non-QM loans and in single-family rental loans. And what do you think in terms of average life?

Yes. I mean the average life would be around 4 years to 5 years, kind of, for the portfolio as a whole. Most of the discount is probably in the Non-QM single-family rental, as well as some PCD loans as well because those are the longer duration assets would have declined the most in value as rates rose. To think about the portfolio, the average life is probably around 4 years.

Got it. And I guess, does that – any of that discount kind of get accreted back into distributable earnings or kind of as those loans pay off, that’s just going to fill up in book value. Just for the carrying value assets, are we going to creep?

So, the discount for the fair value won’t go into distributable income, that gets backed out, right. But as the carrying value increases, that probably gets reflected in the yield. If we get additional payoffs or additional returns or cash flows on those loans.

Payoffs will definitely be reflected in the book value because we are getting principal back at par. Those that we acquired as assets at a discount, when they pay off, that will be reflected in higher yield too. So, those will be two components. But do you think that our fair value as Steve was pointing out, like, that goes to the income statement, just as rates go up or down.

Didn’t get that earnings, but not in distributable.

Okay. I appreciate that. Thank you very much.

Thank you. We will go next to the line of Eric Hagen with BTIG.

Hey. Thanks. Good morning. Actually flushing that conversation out maybe just a little bit more like what would be the impact in marking the securitized debt to market, if rates were to drop in that duration, or to shorten on the Non-QM portfolio? Like what would that look like? Is there any kind of – is there any optionality on the liabilities side that we should think about when rates drop?

So, we show on that Page 10, right. There we show, there a great bar, that’s the discount for the securitized debt, the discount par because we have the net debt against the assets. Our plan is that we are going to pay back all that securitized debt at par. Even though some of those AAA bonds that we sold it less than 1% yields might be worth in the low-80s, those are going to get repaid at par.

Right. Do you feel like there could be an opportunity to call and resecuritize any of the Non-QM deals that you did, like the ones shortly after the pandemic if spreads come in a lot more from here?

I mean, there certainly are opportunities to call them. I think generally, it’s probably a 3-year call period, but again we will have to balance the outstanding cost of the outstanding securities versus where we could reissue.

Right. Another one here on Lima One, I mean do you have the unfunded commitment in the blue Lima One portfolio? And over what kind of timeframe does that get distributed?

Yes. I think we show the portfolio. Look at Page 12; if you show that you could be at a maximum loan amount; the difference of the two would be the unfunded commitments. So, it’s about $480 million or so, sorry $580 million. The way that really works is just kind of in the normal course of business. As draws happen, it’s akin to quote buying a new loan. We fund that on our warehouse lines, and in our transitional loans, securitization, and in the normal course of business. As Bryan pointed out, for example, in our revolving securitizations, there are $400 million, but that’s what we funded on day one. Subsequently, we have done $330 million additional to roll through that deal because this stuff pays off for new things. The new things we are funding are both new acquisitions as well as draws on those loans. And then the other thing is, the draw rate on our portfolio is equivalent to about 30 CPR, but the pay-down is equivalent to about 42 CPR. So effectively, we are organically funded through our pay-downs on the transitional loan portfolio, as well as through our wealth lines in the securitizations.

And the securitized loans self fund within the securitization.

That’s right.

Right. Yes. On the RTL securitization here, how much time is left on the revolving period you have?

Yes. So, the first one, we did that in May of last year. So, we have another year left on that roughly. We did one in February of this year, which leaves another 1.5 years.

Great. Thanks for the comments, guys. That was helpful.

Thank you.

Thanks Eric.

Allowing a few moments, speakers, there are no further questions in queue from the phones.

Alright. Thank you everyone for your interest in MFA Financial. Enjoy the rest of your summer, and we look forward to our next update when we announce third quarter results in November.

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, this conference is available for replay beginning at 1p.m. Eastern Time today and running through November 4th at midnight. You may access the AT&T replay system at any time by dialing 1-866-207-1041 and entering the access code of 2399106. International dialers may call for 402-970-0847. Those numbers again are 1-866-207-1041 or 1-402-970-0847 with the access code of 2399106. That does conclude our conference for today. Thank you for your participation and for using AT&T event conferencing. You may now disconnect.