Good morning, and welcome to the Markel Group. Third Quarter 2023 Conference Call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. During the call today, we may make forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. They are based on current assumptions and opinions concerning a variety of known and unknown risks. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in or suggested by such forward-looking statements. Additional information about factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements is included in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and quarterly report on Form 10-Q including under the captions, Safe Harbor and Cautionary Statements and Risk Factors. We may also discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures during the call today. You may find the most directly comparable GAAP measures and a reconciliation to GAAP for these measures in our most recent Form 10-Q. Our Form 10-K and Form 10-Q can be found on our website at www.mklgroup.com in the Investor Relations section. Please note, this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Tom Gayner, Chief Executive Officer. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Regina, good morning, and welcome to the Markel Group third quarter conference call for 2023. My name is Tom Gayner, and I'm joined this morning by Teri Gendron, the Chief Financial Officer; and Jeremy Noble, the President of Insurance to brief you on our results as well as to answer your thoughtful questions. At Markel Group, we remain committed to our long-term goal of building one of the world's great companies. We define that as creating a win, win, win culture, where our customers are better off for having done business with us. Our colleagues are better off by being part of the Markel Group and our shareholders receive excellent returns on their capital as a result of the wins by customers and colleagues. Overall, I'm pleased with the performance of the Markel Group through the first nine months of 2023. However, we do have a few blemishes to deal with this year. As always, we will be honest and candid in sharing not only what's working well but what needs improvement. We believe that this honest and candid self-assessment is the best way to maintain the discipline and clear-headedness needed to make good decisions going forward. It is also the way to earn your trust as we demonstrate to you that we acknowledge our challenges and face them head-on. Teri will provide you with the detailed numbers in just a moment, and Jeremy will follow with his report on our insurance operations. But before we get to that, I wanted to start off with some high-level commentary. As Sheryl Crow sang, every day is a winding road. She's right. We've got some great news, some good news and some challenging news this quarter. While we may be on a winding road, we do continue to move forward. Regarding the great news, Markel Ventures continues to produce simply outstanding results. For the first nine months of this year, operating income rose 52% from $217 million to $330 million. Additionally, EBITDA rose 35% from $353 million to $474 million. There were no material acquisitions at ventures during this time period. These are essentially like-for-like comparisons indicating solid growth. I could not be more pleased with the performance of Ventures. The management teams that lead those companies continue to produce outstanding results for the Markel Group. The numbers speak for themselves. As for the good news, our recurring interest and dividend income grew 73% from $302 million to $521 million in the first nine months of 2023. We continue to invest the cash flows and maturing bonds into higher-yielding fixed-income securities. Each investment we make in fixed income these days carries a higher interest rate than the bonds that are maturing, and we would expect to continue to earn even higher amounts of recurring investment income in the prevailing interest rate environment. In our equity investment portfolio, we earned a return of 9.3% through the first nine months of 2023. While this trails the S&P return of 13.1%, we remain over 100 basis points ahead of the S&P for more than 30 years. I would happily sign up for the sort of annualized investment results we have posted thus far in 2023. I would also gladly accept 100 basis points of outperformance for the next three decades, if I could do so. As for the challenging news in our insurance operations, we reported a year-to-date combined ratio of 95%. For the third quarter, we reported a combined ratio of 99%. These results are below our expectations and stem from multiple factors. First, we continue to experience inflation in our claims payments. That inflation reflects higher overall price levels and social inflation that we see in the current legal environment. We continue to incorporate these trends in our reserve setting process. I'm pleased to report that despite the challenges, we continue to live up to our goal of setting reserves that prove to be more likely redundant and deficient. We did report favorable development in the third quarter. Some of the factors that led to these results include two points of losses in the third quarter from natural catastrophes, including the Hawaiian wildfires and Hurricane Idalia. Additionally, we experienced approximately three points of losses in the third quarter from the losses in our collateral protection book, which includes exposure to the widely reported Vesttoo bankruptcy and fraud case. Collateral protection is a relatively new product for us and the marketplace. We've learned some tough lessons here, and we've made significant adjustments to the product. While we are extremely disappointed with this loss, we believe we've aggressively addressed the causes and are actively working to mitigate potential future losses associated with this product. We are especially disappointed with these particular losses as they obscure the outstanding performance from many other components of our insurance operations. Rest assured, we continue to work tirelessly to make each engine in the Markel Group perform at the highest levels. We look forward to future periods where we can share our progress on exactly that with you. We never like calling out specific reasons for our disappointing results. Discussions of natural catastrophes and headline events can deteriorate into an exercise of excuse-making. I don't like making excuses any more than you like hearing them. We know that you, as shareholders, expect us to be able to manage the normal flow of catastrophe losses from headline events, wars, consequences of climate change, and other unexpected occurrences, and still produce acceptable results. That is the very nature of what a successful insurance operation does. We understand the assignment. Rest assured, we continue to work diligently to make each engine in the Markel Group perform at the highest levels, and we look forward to future periods of sharing our progress on exactly that with you. Finally, as one additional marker of our overall financial strength and performance, we invested $270 million in additional public equity investments during the first nine months, which should produce additional returns in the future. The current unrealized gain on our public equity portfolio stands at over $5 billion. I expect that amount to continue to grow over time. We also repurchased $269 million of our own stock so far in 2023 compared with $208 million in the first nine months of last year. My expectation is that we will continue to produce profitable results in our insurance ventures and investment engines, and we will be distributing those profits among fewer shares. That seems like a recipe for increasing shareholder value to me. Additionally, I stated last quarter that in five of the last six quarters, I have personally taken money out of my pocket to buy Markel Group stock on the open market. I continue to do so again during the past quarter. In fact, I invested my entire after-tax salary for Markel Group during the quarter to purchase shares in the open market. At this point, I have purchased Markel Group shares in six of the last seven quarters. I am confident in our team, I believe in their talent and dedication, and I believe they will produce excellent results. We remain committed to building one of the world's great companies, and I thank you for your ongoing support. With that, I'll turn it over to Teri to provide you with some of the details of our financial results. Jeremy will follow with his comments on our insurance engine, and then we'll open the floor for questions.

Thank you, Tom, and good morning, everyone. As Tom pointed out, we have a mix of results this quarter, which highlights the importance of our three-engine architecture. Using the words of Sheryl Crow, the diversity in our family of business may be helping us to get a little bit closer to feeling fine. Starting off with our underwriting operations. Gross written premiums grew 5% to $7.9 billion for the first nine months of 2023 compared to $7.5 billion in 2022. Our increased premium volume reflects new business and more favorable rates across many of the product launches within our insurance segment, partially offset by lower premium volume within our professional liability product lines where we're adjusting our writings in reaction to changes in market conditions and downward pressure on rates within certain classes. Our consolidated combined ratio for the first nine months of 2023 was 95% compared to 91% for the same period last year. Our 2023 combined ratio included $46 million or one point of net losses attributed to the Hawaiian wildfires and Hurricane Idalia. Our 2022 combined ratio included $70 million of net losses attributed to Hurricane Ian and $35 million attributed to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, which together added two points to the combined ratio. Excluding these losses from both years, our consolidated combined ratio for the first nine months of 2023 was 95% compared to 89% in 2022. The increase was driven by a higher attritional loss ratio in 2023 within our insurance segment, which Jeremy will discuss further. Prior year loss reserves developed favorably by $170 million in the first nine months of 2023 compared to $204 million in the first nine months of 2022. We experienced favorable loss reserve development across multiple product lines in 2023, most notably across our international professional liability product lines and our property product lines within the insurance segment. The favorable development in 2023 was partially offset by adverse development on our general liability product lines within our insurance segment due to an increased frequency of large claims over the past several quarters under excess and umbrella and primary casualty contractors liability products. We also experienced adverse development within our Reinsurance segment in 2023 on our general liability product lines and a discontinued portion of our public entity product line. Turning to our investment results. We reported net investment income of $521 million in the first nine months of 2023 compared to $302 million in the same period last year, with meaningful increases from fixed maturity securities, short-term investments and cash and cash equivalents. Interest income on our fixed maturity securities reflects a higher yield and higher average holdings compared to last year. On a year-to-date basis, yields on our purchases of fixed maturities have been about 250 basis points higher than securities that rolled off. Higher income from short-term investments is due to higher short-term interest rates in the current year. The largest share of the increase is due to higher interest income from our cash and cash equivalents as we have increased our allocation to money market funds to take advantage of the current interest rate environment. During the first nine months of 2023, we recognized net unrealized investment losses with an other comprehensive loss of $135 million net of taxes, compared to net unrealized investment losses of $1.3 billion, net effect in 2022. These movements correspond to decreases in the fair value of our fixed maturity portfolio resulting from increases in interest rates. Recall that we typically hold our fixed maturities until they mature, and we generally expect unrealized holding gains and losses attributed to changes in interest rates to reverse in future periods if bonds mature. As of September 30th, over 99% of our fixed maturity portfolio was rated AA or better, and there are no current or expected credit losses within the portfolio. Net investment gains of $591 million for the first nine months of 2023 reflect favorable market value movements driving a return of 9.3% on our public equity portfolio during the period. This compares to net investment losses of $2.2 billion for the same period of 2022. As you heard us say many times before, we focus on long-term investment performance expecting variability in the equity markets and the timing of investment gains and losses from period to period. With regard to our Markel Ventures segment, revenues from Markel Ventures increased 6% to $3.7 billion in the first nine months of 2023, up from $3.5 billion for the first nine months of last year. The increase reflects growth and improved pricing across several of our businesses. EBITDA from Markel Ventures increased 35% to $474 million for the first nine months of 2023 from $353 million during the same period last year. The increase was driven by our products businesses, which had higher margins in 2023 compared to 2022 as we saw material and freight costs stabilize. Our effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2023 was 21% compared to 23% in the same period last year. We reported net income to common shareholders of $1.2 billion for the first nine months of 2023 compared to a net loss to common shareholders of $926 million in the same period a year ago, with the change largely attributed to the year-over-year swing in our public equity portfolio valuation. Comprehensive income to shareholders for the first nine months of 2023 was $1.1 billion compared to comprehensive loss to shareholders of $2.1 billion in the first nine months of 2022, with swings in both fixed maturity and public equity valuations as the largest drivers. Net cash provided by operating activities was $2 billion for the first nine months of 2023 compared to $1.9 billion for the same period last year. Operating cash flows in 2023 reflected strong cash flows from each of our operating engines with the most significant contribution from our insurance engine and a notable year-over-year increase coming from our Markel Ventures engine. Total shareholders' equity stood at $14 billion at the end of September compared to $13.2 billion at the end of the year. Overall, we're pleased with our consolidated results so far this year and are confident that we're taking the right steps to address the current challenges on our road to building long-term shareholder value. With that, I'll turn it over to Jeremy to talk more about our insurance engine.

Thanks, Teri, and good morning, everyone. It's great to be with you to discuss our insurance engine results for the third quarter. Clearly, our insurance operations' performance is not where we want it to be. However, I am confident that we are taking the right actions quickly in the near term to successfully confront what are predominantly industry-wide challenges that set Markel up for long-term success. As I walk you through our financials, you will see our performance is being impacted by a few pockets within our product portfolio that are negatively influencing our underwriting results for the period. This includes the well-documented higher loss cost trends in recent years, which are creating prior adverse reserve development within our risk-managed D&O and excess casualty lines, and mid-market excess and umbrella primary casualty contractors liability books. We are working incredibly hard to evaluate the ultimate cost of claims on these significant portfolios, examining the maturing accident years from the last soft market cycle while seeking to gain confidence around margins on more recent accident years that were written in a more favorable market environment. We are also maintaining a higher level of prudence on our current accident year loss picks within these products due to the uncertainty around future loss cost trends. We are acting with a great deal of discipline, being more selective around new business, pushing rates and terms, and letting business lapse that doesn't meet our profitability targets. We are in the process of remixing our portfolio to improve overall profitability and ensuring our reserves are robust as we move into 2024. In short, Markel has long been a conservative company and one that demonstrates caution when it comes to evaluating adverse claims trends. Let me now share a few further thoughts on our results from across our collection of insurance businesses, which includes our insurance and reinsurance, State National program services, and the fill insurance-linked securities operations. Across all of our businesses within the insurance engine, through three quarters, we have produced $6.3 billion in revenues, up 8% from last year while generating pretax operating income of $371 million. The insurance engine continues to generate significant operating cash flows, and we have been intentional about taking the cash and maximizing the investment return on the float generated by our underwriting operations and attractive market yields. Moving to the results of our underwriting operations, we reported a combined ratio of 99% in the third quarter results, which was significantly influenced by several noteworthy items. Three, to be exact. First, we realized a total of $46 million or two points of losses in the quarter related to catastrophe events, specifically the Hawaiian wildfires and Hurricane Idalia. The losses concentrated on our small commercial inland marine and binding property lines. We also recognized $30 million or just under two points of development on the prior accident year losses within a runoff portion of our public entity line in reinsurance. We exited this segment of reinsuring not-for-profit entities in California and other West Coast-based states in 2020, recognizing that this book was not performing adequately. We now believe the ultimate losses from this book are likely to be greater than what we had previously allowed for before. Based on a recent completion of an actuary and claims review. Finally, we recognized losses in the quarter within our intellectual property collateral protection product line, including a $25 million or one-point impact to the combined ratio from credit losses related to a fraudulent letter of credit provided by Vesttoo. Our collateral protection insurance product had a three-point impact on our combined ratio. If you exclude these three items, our reported combined ratio of 99% in the quarter converts to 93%, consistent with our results for the first half of this year. This highlights the fact that we have many product lines within our portfolio that are performing very well. Turning to premium production, overall, gross written premiums in our underwriting operations grew by 1% in the quarter and 5% year-to-date. As I pointed out last quarter, we continued to achieve premium growth in lines where we see opportunities and feel good about the levels of rate adequacy. We are taking advantage of the improved pricing environment and have achieved strong growth in our property, marine, binding, personal loans, and select marine and energy classes internationally, as well as regional growth in our U.K., European, and Asian operations. Just as important, we continue to reduce writings in certain classes where we are seeing unacceptable rate decreases relative to loss cost trends. Within our professional liability lines, this is most notable in the large account public D&O space. We've also decreased writings in our intellectual property collateral protection line as part of our re-underwriting effort in that product. Our professional lines writings have also been impacted by changes in the broader economy, including the slowdown in M&A and public listings which is impacting premium volume within our transaction liability product line across both our insurance and reinsurance segments. In other professional classes, particularly within our international portfolio, we are pursuing growth opportunities where we find the business to be adequately priced, although growth has moderated over the course of 2023. Within our general liability product lines, we are seeing solid rate increases overall and achieving moderate opportunistic growth. For example, we are increasing our writings in our finding casualty and environmental lines, which have been consistently profitable. Conversely, we are contracting premiums in our primary casualty contractors liability and excess and umbrella lines where loss costs have been more challenging, and we are carefully selecting risks, pushing rate, managing limits and attachment points to combat these trends. Our year-to-date consolidated combined ratio of 95% for the first nine months of the year is up four points from a year ago. This increase is driven by the items I just discussed earlier, impacting the third quarter results along with the impact from higher attritional loss ratios in our professional liability and general liability product lines and slightly lower overall prior accident year loss takedowns largely driven by our general liability lines. With respect to the increases in our current accident year loss ratio, we remain cautious in recognizing the benefits from our product diversification and re-underwriting strategies within our general liability and professional liability product losses. We are choosing to increase the confidence level in our loss picks to reflect the higher loss cost trends we are seeing in prior accident years and the uncertainty around the economic and claims environment that will exist in the future when we ultimately settle claims on these long-tail lines. We also continue to maintain a cautious approach to recognizing prior accident year loss takedowns. We recognized $170 million or three points of prior accident year loss takedowns through the first nine months of the year, down slightly from a year ago. As I've stated in prior quarters, our loss reserving philosophy remains unchanged. We continue to hold loss reserves at levels that are more likely to prove redundant than deficient, and we are reacting quickly by recognizing additional loss reserves as loss trends outpace previously held expectations. One final comment to make relative to our underwriting results with respect to our reinsurance segment where we produced a combined ratio of 102% in the quarter. While this result is disappointing, it should be noted that the prior accident year adverse development in the runoff segment of our public entity book added 11 points to the third quarter reinsurance segment combined ratio. Excluding this development, our reinsurance result is more aligned with our long-term underwriting targets. We have worked hard in the past two years to re-underwrite our reinsurance treaty mix and return our reinsurance results to profitability. We remain confident that over the long term, we will see the positive and sustainable impact of those efforts materialize in our results. Next, I'll quickly touch on the two portions of our business that are reported as part of our other operations: our program services and other fronting operations and our insurance-linked securities operations. Total premium production within our program services and other fronting operations totaled $3 billion year-to-date versus $2.6 billion a year ago, resulting in a 2% increase in operating revenues for the first nine months of the year due to the expansion of existing programs and addition of new programs. Our State National team continues to perform extremely well, producing consistent profitability and continuing to pursue opportunities within our business development pipeline. Within our Nephila insurance-linked securities operations, revenues and expenses for the first nine months of the year were down due to the impact of the sale of our MGA operations in 2022. Revenues within our fund management operations are up from last year, due to revenues recognized during the third quarter of this year of $30 million related to the release of capital that had been trapped in side pockets. Our assets under management in Nephila, up to $6.8 billion, is down from a year ago, due to the redemption of side pocket classes in the quarter, which outpaced profits generated from the funds year-to-date. However, the current pricing environment for catastrophe-exposed property risk has created a very attractive return proposition for investors. The platform has produced profitable results for the year. The team is working very hard to capitalize on these market opportunities, focusing on price transparency and portfolio construction. At this time, we feel very well positioned heading into 2024. Turning to current market commentary and outlook, submission activity and new business opportunities remain robust outside of professional lines, which continues to be impacted by less M&A activity and an unfavorable pricing environment. Overall, trends within the specialty insurance marketplace remain strong. Just a few comments on rate across our portfolio. Throughout 2023, we have achieved modest rate increases across the landscape of our diversified product portfolio. In the current pricing environment, rate trends are more divergent by product class compared to the past few years. Pricing seems to be keeping pace with or staying slightly ahead of the trend. We are achieving significant rate increases in our property coverages, in select marine and energy product lines due to the recent industry loss experience and increasing cost of obtaining reinsurance protection. Additionally, within our general liability product lines, we continue to achieve modest rate increases across most product classes and have seen the level of increases improve over the course of the year. Within our insurance and reinsurance professional liability product lines, we have seen modest rate decreases overall, driven by notable decreases within our public directors and officers product, consistent with the broader trends across the industry, and to a lesser extent within our errors and omissions coverages. In other professional product liability product lines, particularly within our international portfolio, we are generally seeing consistency in rates and are continuing to pursue growth opportunities where we find the business to be adequately priced. We're also seeing moderate rate decreases globally within our cyber product line in response to several years of significant rate increases and strong industry underwriting performance. Despite these current trends, we view cyber as a long-term growth opportunity. Finally, we continue to realize low single-digit rate decreases within our workers' compensation product line and are reacting accordingly on a state-by-state basis to maintain profitability. In closing, our focus as a business unit remains on achieving long-term profitable growth across our insurance platform. We have numerous success stories to celebrate across our diversified portfolio of doing just that. Reinsurance market conditions are favorable, and we are taking advantage of this within our operations. Our State National business continues its track record of consistent profitable performance. And in Nephila, we are seeing strong returns thus far this year within our portfolios, opening the door to future growth opportunities. Thank you. And with that, I will turn things back over to Tom.

Thank you, Jeremy. And with that, Regina, if you would please be so kind as to open the floor for questions.

We will now begin the question-and-answer session. Our first question comes from the line of Mark Hughes with Truist. Please go ahead.

Yes, thank you and good morning.

Good morning.

In the contractor book with the GL line, I think you described some challenges there. How long is the tail on that book? Do you think it is a broader issue that perhaps others are not recognizing yet? Or do you think they are and are acting accordingly? Just a little more detail there would be helpful?

Yes. Great, Mark, it's Jeremy. A couple of things on that. So on that primary casualty contractors liability book, I think I might have spoken to this last year when we experienced some development in that book in the third or fourth quarter. We would observe that the tail has extended. Some of that would be naturally the result of the court closures and the pandemic effect. We didn't really react to that. Generally speaking, I think tail patterns within primary casualty are growing a little bit longer, and that's part of what we've adjusted within our reserving models moving forward. Some of that is going to be in a re-write of a significant amount of construction business. Some of that is also the nature of, as you get into larger projects, the tail is a little bit longer as well. So that is a little bit of what's going on there. I can't speak to what others are or are not recognizing. Clearly, there's been a lot of conversations from reinsurers regarding their elevated levels of concerns around exposures that are growing. They have access to a lot of data from clients to evaluate what that looks like. I can't speak to what's going through others' books.

Yes, when you think about your top-line, the written premium in the Insurance segment, as you kind of take steps to adjust to this environment, would you expect the growth rate to be more consistent with this quarter or kind of pop back up to the high single, low double-digits?

Yes, great question, Mark. I think some of that has worked its way through. Growth in insurance from a premium standpoint has clearly moderated compared to recent years, and that was further the case in the third quarter. I think there are two meaningful offsetting stories. We've got pockets of premium contraction which are, I think, being offset by numerous bright spots of growth. One, we're a substantial writer of professional and financial lines that represent north of a quarter of our overall writings. As has been covered, that sector has been hit by lower economic activity from less M&A and public listing activity, as well as a decline in pricing, which has meant that we're less comfortable with the risk-adjusted funding and rate adequacy. As a result, we've let some of that business lapse. That's leading to lower renewal retention, and we're being less aggressive on new business, so we're seeing contraction there. Internationally, the business is performing well; the premiums are flat. We've also contracted in pockets of the general liability portfolio, which I touched on in my comments, as we look to reshape the portfolio and improve diversification. The best example of that is demonstrating more discipline within construction in the big four states. Lastly, in our marine and energy portfolio internationally, we let go of one very large facility that wasn't performing, and we're seeing less adjustment premiums in our marine war book given the closure of the Grain Corridor in the Black Sea. We've been able to offset those reductions with meaningful growth across a broad range of products, such as property, marine, binding, personal lines, surety, programs, environmental, and insurtech in our U.K., Europe, and Asia platforms across other marine energy lines. I feel we're actually quite positive about our forward prospects and about the actions that we've been taking. A lot of that is working its way through the portfolio. But all of those actions collectively should be accretive to earnings and returns. The one other comment I might make on premium volume pertains to the property marketplace. While we've grown here, that is largely due to taking meaningful rates versus expanding exposure. Property overall is a smaller component of our portfolio than I think it is for many others. I do believe the risk-adjusted returns on property have been very compelling this year. We've been taking advantage of both in insurance and our Nephila operations. That said, I appreciate some have certainly leaned into the market harder this year and have used that to fuel overall growth in returns, and it's been a good year through ten months, no doubt. If the property pricing environment remains constructive, and I think it will, we can further take advantage of that across our platform in 2024 as well.

Appreciate that detail. Thank you.

Your next question will come from the line of Andrew Andersen with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning. Maybe continuing on the property opportunity in insurance. If I look back at '22, I think property and marine was maybe about 15% of NPE. Is there kind of a ceiling for the amount that you'll write for those two lines? I'm thinking it carries a higher CAT load, but perhaps a better underlying loss ratio just given the strong rate environment?

Yes, and important to recognize, it's Jeremy again. It's important to recognize that we are able to take advantage of the property market environment and the risk-adjusted return propositions in multiple ways. We can write that through conventional traditional insurance, and we can also leverage that through our Nephila insurance-linked securities operations, where reinsurance would come into play as well. This year has been interesting. We're fortunate to be ten months into the year; we're largely through the wind season, and the books have performed well. The industry has overall performed quite well. Still, it's been a challenging last six years previously, with five of the last six years seeing aggregate insurance losses for natural catastrophes in excess of $100 billion. While the risk-adjusted return proposition from a modeled situation looked very compelling this year, there were questions in my mind regarding how the year would ultimately play out. If it had played out well, we would benefit as we had grown, and took advantage of the rate and pricing environment. The question for 2024 is whether the pricing environment will remain stable. It appears that we should expect stable but firm and constructive market pricing conditions. We have the ability to deploy more capital there should we choose to do so, but I'm not going to put a projection around that. It's certainly something that we will take a close look at given a good year.

Yes, and then maybe on the reinsurance side. The book has changed a lot over the years and so has the rate environment. How should we kind of think of an updated target near to medium term for an ex-CAT, ex-PYD combined ratio? And maybe just with that, can you give us a refresher of the type of GL and professional liability accounts you're writing in this segment?

Sure. From a reinsurance platform standpoint, we are, first and foremost, focusing on profitability rather than growth. It has happened that within the professional casualty and specialty lines over the last few years, we've been able to take advantage of some growth opportunities to offset some of the contraction that the portfolio experienced when we repositioned property through Nephila. As for profitability target and combined ratio, we want the book to generate meaningful and appropriate returns on capital, pushing it towards the lower 90s or as close to 90 as possible. We aspire to achieve this and are trying to price our deals and portfolio based on the recent underwriting years accordingly. However, there is a significant amount of variability in this space, especially with long-tail lines within reinsurance. It takes time to see where that book gets. We're always going to reserve with caution on long-tail professional and liability lines, which will also take time. Regarding the makeup of the book, it really can change depending on the underlying clients. We have both quota share and excess of loss structures. These are often broad, highly well-respected insurance companies where we participate on a subscription basis. The accounts vary widely, predominantly U.S. positions but with some international exposure as well.

Yes, good morning. Just a question on the intellectual collateral protection line. Just wondering if you feel like you've captured most of the impact there from some of the recent events that were in the headlines. Just how comfortable are you with the exposures there and also some of the changes? I think you touched a bit on those changes you've made to that book.

Yes, sure. Scott, it's Jeremy again. We previously disclosed that our exposure to Vesttoo was in the form of two fraudulent letters of credit that were provided as reinsurance collateral to our Bermuda-based insurance carrier for intellectual property collateral protection insurance products. One was for $50 million, and the other for just under $78 million. During the third quarter, we had to pay a claim for the $50 million that we otherwise would not have had to pay had the collateral been valid. That's where we recognized a $25 million credit loss. We believe there is some degree of ability to mitigate some of that exposure. However, that serves as a pocket of exposure. We have assessed the likelihood around whether a claim may arise. It's a claims-made product, so a claim must occur before we can assess the underlying assets, including the intellectual property. This must not have a value that could offset against the loan that was in place. What we're highlighting is we have exposure and we are alerting that it's at least reasonably possible for this situation to become a claim. If it were to materialize, we would have additional exposure there. We will take every step possible to mitigate or remediate against that loss as well. So we're actively pursuing remedies, including within the Vesttoo bankruptcy, to reduce any losses that we incurred. On the core product line, this was a relatively new product launched in 2020. We played an integral role in its inception. Undoubtedly, we've learned many lessons in the early years, similar to R&D. We've taken several underwriting actions within that book and have also significantly contracted our premium writing. One of the steps we've taken is to shorten the limits that we issue. Additionally, we're no longer fronting within that book. We will watch how the core book performs, but much of the exposure directly tied to Markel comes from Vesttoo.

Okay, and then just another question on — you mentioned you're increasing loss picks in certain lines, which I know Markel is a conservative company and has always been a conservative company. But are there any particular areas that you can point to, or is that just kind of broadly just in casualty? I'm trying to factor in inflation and severity and related aspects. Just anything more to add on that?

Yes, Scott, it is most significantly concentrated within our general liability and professional product lines and more specifically within segments of those classes. However, there are large segments; we’ve underwritten for a long time. We’ve grown meaningfully over the years. The primary casualty contractors GL, Excess & Umbrella, D&O, E&O, and what I would sort of say is we feel like there continues to be uncertainty in the current claims environment. We are dealing with a degree of the unknown. The recent social inflation trends, the cost to adjust and settle claims, the prevalence of litigation funding, the aggressiveness of the plaintiffs' bar, and the sentiment of juries, etc., are unlikely to abate in the near-term. Hence, we are planning accordingly. We are building in a margin of safety today to try to get a step ahead of that tomorrow. That's kind of what Markel has always done, to your point. We are also responding accordingly by pushing rates, adjusting terms, shortening limits, and modifying attachment points on a deal-by-deal basis. We are shaping our portfolios, taking a robust analysis of underlying claims trends and activities, and using segmentation strategies that impact exposures and locations, subclasses, insureds and more. We are striving to build more diversification into our book by challenging areas where we may have been slightly concentrated in favor of segments where we wish to grow. Each organization will take different approaches to timing, which will vary. I think what I'm pointing out is it's an industry-wide set of circumstances that we've been discussing for a while and that the industry is grappling with. Fortunately, I think it is leading to very good conversations with our trading partners. Given the industry missteps this past year, more emphasis is being given to the quality of the insurance solution. Our market-leading claims handling capabilities are well recognized, leading clients to carefully consider who's going to be around for them in five, ten, and twenty years. We strive to operate from a position of strength.

Thanks.

And this concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to hand the call back over to Tom Gayner for any closing remarks.

Thank you very much for joining us. We look forward to catching up with you 90 days from now. Thank you so much. Bye-bye.

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.