Rush Street Interactive, Inc 10-Q for FY2025 Q2
Rush Street Interactive, Inc. (RSI)
10-Q
2025-07-31
For: 2025-06-30
View Original
Added on
April 07, 2026
About this 10-Q
Rush Street Interactive, Inc filed this 10-Q on July 31, 2025, covering the quarter ended June 30, 2025 (FY2025 Q2).
Headline figures
Quarter ended June 30, 2025, as reported in this filing, compared with the same period a year earlier where the filing states it.
- Revenue
- $269.22M
- up 22.2% from $220.38M a year earlier
- Net income
- $16.69M
- compared with a net loss of $100K a year earlier
- Diluted EPS
- $0.12
- compared with $0.00 a year earlier
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2025
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from_______to_______
Commission file number: 001-39232
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||
( | |||||
| (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) | (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) | ||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
x | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | |||||||||
| Emerging growth company | |||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
As of July 30, 2025, there were 95,339,349 shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and 133,154,736 shares outstanding of the registrant’s Class V common stock, $0.0001 par value per share.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Rush Street Interactive, Inc.
| Page | ||||||||
F-1 | ||||||||
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, that reflect future plans, estimates, beliefs and expected performance. The forward-looking statements depend upon events, risks and uncertainties that may be outside of our control. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements.
Our projections, including for revenues, market share, expenses and profitability, are subject to significant risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties. You are cautioned that our business and operations are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and, consequently, our actual results may differ materially from those projected.
Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, the following:
•competition in the online casino, online sports betting and retail sports betting (i.e., such as within a bricks-and-mortar casino) industries is intense and, as a result, we may fail to attract and/or retain customers, which may negatively impact our operations, growth prospects and financial condition;
•economic downturns, such as recessions, inflation, and political and market conditions beyond our control, including a reduction in consumer discretionary spending, tariffs and trade wars, and sports leagues shortening, delaying or cancelling parts of their seasons or certain events due to external factors such as pandemics or international conflicts, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects;
•our growth prospects may suffer if we are unable to develop or maintain competitive offerings, if we fail to pursue additional offerings, if we lose any of our executives or other key employees or if we are unable to scale and support our information technology and other systems and platforms to meet the Company’s needs;
•our business is subject to a variety of U.S. and foreign laws (including the laws of Canada, Colombia, Mexico and Peru, where we have business operations), many of which are unsettled and still developing, and our growth prospects depend on the legal status of real-money gaming in various jurisdictions;
•failure to comply with regulatory requirements or, as necessary or appropriate, successfully obtain a license or permit applied for could adversely impact our ability to comply with licensing and regulatory requirements or to obtain or maintain licenses in other jurisdictions, or could cause financial institutions, online platforms, vendors and distributors to stop providing services to us;
•we rely on information technology and other systems and platforms (including reliance on third-party providers to validate the identity and location of our customers and to process customer deposits and withdrawals), and any breach or disruption of such systems or platforms could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, disclosed, lost, corrupted or stolen;
•until fairly recently, we have had a history of losses (calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States) and may incur losses in the future;
•certain of our officers and directors may allocate their time to other businesses and potentially have conflicts of interest with our business;
•we license certain trademarks and domain names from Rush Street Gaming, LLC (“RSG”) and its affiliates, and RSG’s and its affiliates’ use of such trademarks and domain names, or failure to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects;
•we currently, and will likely continue to, rely on licenses and service agreements to use the intellectual property rights and technology of related or third parties that are incorporated into or used in our products and services;
•the timing, amount, duration and utilization of the Stock Repurchase Program (as defined below); and
i
•other factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our most recently completed fiscal year, including the “Business”, “Risk Factors,” “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” sections, as well as described in our other filings with the SEC, such as this Report, our other Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Current Reports on Form 8-K.
Due to the uncertain nature of these factors, management cannot assess the impact of each factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which such statement is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any of these statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date of this Report, unless required by law. New factors may emerge, and it is not possible to predict all factors that may affect our business and prospects.
Limitations of Key Metrics and Other Data
The numbers for our key metrics, which include our monthly active users (“MAUs”) and average revenue per MAU (“ARPMAU”), are calculated using internal company data based on the activity of user accounts. While these numbers are based on what we believe to be reasonable estimates of our user base and activity levels for the applicable period of measurement, there are inherent challenges in measuring usage of our offerings across large online and mobile populations based in numerous jurisdictions. In addition, we continuously seek to improve our estimates of our user base and user activity, and such estimates may change due to improvements or changes in our methodology.
We regularly evaluate these metrics to estimate the number of “duplicate” accounts among our MAUs and remove the effects of such duplicate accounts on our key metrics. A duplicate account is one that a user maintains in addition to his or her principal account. Generally, duplicate accounts arise as a result of users signing up to use more than one of our brands (i.e., BetRivers, PlaySugarHouse and RushBet) or to use our offerings in more than one jurisdiction, for instance when a user lives in New Jersey but works in New York. The estimates of duplicate accounts are based on an internal review of a limited sample of accounts, and we apply significant judgment in making this determination. For example, to identify duplicate accounts we use data signals such as similar IP addresses or usernames. Our estimates may change as our methodologies evolve, including through the application of new data signals or technologies, which may allow us to identify previously undetected duplicate accounts and may improve our ability to evaluate a broader population of our users. Duplicate accounts are very difficult to measure, and it is possible that the actual number of duplicate accounts may vary significantly from our estimates.
Our data limitations may affect our understanding of certain details of our business. We regularly review our processes for calculating these metrics, and from time to time we may discover inaccuracies in our metrics or make adjustments to improve their accuracy, including adjustments that may result in the recalculation of our historical metrics. We believe that any such inaccuracies or adjustments are immaterial unless otherwise stated. In addition, our key metrics and related information and estimates, including the definitions and calculations of the same, may differ from those published by third parties or from similarly titled metrics of our competitors due to differences in operations, offerings, methodology and access to information.
ii
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in thousands except for share and per share data)
| June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Players’ receivables | |||||||||||
| Due from affiliates | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Intangible assets, net | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Operating lease assets | |||||||||||
Deferred tax assets, net | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses | |||||||||||
| Players’ liabilities | |||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
Tax receivable agreement liability, non-current | |||||||||||
Other non-current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
Class A common stock, $ | |||||||||||
Class V common stock, $ | |||||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost; | ( | ||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity attributable to Rush Street Interactive, Inc. | |||||||||||
| Non-controlling interests | |||||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-1
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Amounts in thousands except for share and per share data)
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Costs of revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (expense) income | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax receivable agreement expense | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income, net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other (expense) income | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Loss) income before income taxes | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) attributable to Rush Street Interactive, Inc. | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Rush Street Interactive, Inc. – basic | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings (loss) per common share attributable to Rush Street Interactive, Inc. – diluted | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-2
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Amounts in thousands)
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Rush Street Interactive, Inc. | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-3
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(Amounts in thousands except for share data)
| Class A Common Stock | Class V Common Stock | Treasury Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Accumulated Deficit | Total Stockholders’ Equity Attributable to RSI | Non- Controlling Interests | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of Class A Common Stock under the equity compensation plan, net of shares withheld for employee taxes | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of Class A Common Stock upon RSILP Unit Exchanges | — | ( | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of Class A Common Stock | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of equity and non-controlling interests upon changes in RSILP ownership | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2025 (Unaudited) | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class A Common Stock under the equity compensation plan, net of shares withheld for employee taxes | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class A Common Stock upon RSILP Unit Exchanges | — | ( | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax impact of equity transactions | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase of Class A Common Stock | — | — | — | — | ( | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of equity and non-controlling interests upon changes in RSILP ownership | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at June 30, 2025 (Unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F-4
| Class A Common Stock | Class V Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Accumulated Deficit | Total Stockholders’ Equity Attributable to RSI | Non- Controlling Interests | Total Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of Class A Common Stock under the equity compensation plan | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of Class A Common Stock upon RSILP Unit Exchanges | ( | ( | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of equity and non-controlling interests upon changes in RSILP ownership | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at March 31, 2024 (Unaudited) | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class A Common Stock under the equity compensation plan | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of Class A Common Stock upon RSILP Unit Exchanges | — | ( | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allocation of equity and non-controlling interests upon changes in RSILP ownership | — | — | — | — | ( | — | ( | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at June 30, 2024 (Unaudited) | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-5
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts in thousands)
| Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | ||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
Deferred income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||
Tax receivable agreement expense | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense | |||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | |||||||||||
| Noncash lease expense | |||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Players’ receivables | ( | ||||||||||
| Due from affiliates | |||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ||||||||||
| Players’ liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||
| Internally developed software costs | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Acquisition of gaming licenses | ( | ( | |||||||||
Acquisition of other intangibles | ( | ( | |||||||||
Short-term investments | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | ( | ( | |||||||||
Acquisition of developed technology | ( | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
Payments for employee taxes related to shares withheld | ( | ||||||||||
Repurchase of Class A Common Stock | ( | ||||||||||
| Principal payments of finance lease liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ||||||||||
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | |||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at the beginning of the period (1) | |||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, at the end of the period (1) | $ | $ | |||||||||
F-6
| Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | (Unaudited) | ||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities: | |||||||||||
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new or modified operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new or modified finance lease liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Allocation of equity and non-controlling interests upon changes in RSILP ownership | $ | $ | |||||||||
Shares withheld for employee taxes in Other Current Liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
Capitalized intangible assets in Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Property and equipment purchases in Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |||||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1)Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash are each presented separately on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
F-7
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1.Description of Business
Rush Street Interactive, Inc. is a holding company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and through its main operating subsidiary, Rush Street Interactive, LP and its subsidiaries (collectively, “RSILP”), is a leading online gaming company that provides online casino and sports betting in the U.S., Canadian and Latin American markets. Rush Street Interactive, Inc. and its subsidiaries (including RSILP) are collectively referred to as “RSI” or the “Company.” The Company is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois.
2.Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the applicable regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Therefore, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2025.
These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its directly and indirectly wholly owned subsidiaries, and all entities in which the Company has a controlling interest. For consolidated entities that are less than wholly owned, third-party holdings of equity interests are presented as non-controlling interests in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets and condensed consolidated statements of changes in equity. The portion of net income (loss) attributable to the non-controlling interests is presented as net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations, while the portion of comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests is reported as comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
The assets and liabilities of RSILP represent substantially all of the Company’s consolidated assets and liabilities, except for certain deferred taxes and liabilities under the Tax Receivable Agreement (“TRA”). The Company’s equity interests in RSILP, comprised of Class A Units of RSILP (the “RSILP Units”) and General Partnership Interests of RSILP, are held indirectly through wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company – RSI ASLP, Inc. (the “Special Limited Partner”) and RSI GP, LLC (“RSI GP”), respectively. RSI is deemed to have a controlling interest of RSILP through RSI GP, which is the sole general partner of RSILP. As a result, the Company consolidates the financial results of RSILP and reports a non-controlling interest representing the economic interest in RSILP held by the other members of RSILP. As of June 30, 2025, the Company owned 41.69 % of the RSILP Units and the holders of the non-controlling interest owned 58.31 % of the RSILP Units.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on the Company’s reported total revenues, expenses, net loss, current assets, total assets, current liabilities, total liabilities, stockholders’ equity, non-controlling interests or cash flows. No reclassifications of prior period balances were material to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Interim Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2025 and the condensed consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity and cash flows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 was derived from audited consolidated financial statements, but may omit certain disclosures required by U.S. GAAP previously disclosed in the most recent annual consolidated financial statements. The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with the annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to state fairly the Company’s financial condition, its operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The
F-8
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
historical results are not necessarily indicative of future results, and the results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year or any future period.
Use of Estimates
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid, unrestricted savings, checking, instant access internet banking accounts, money market funds and certificates of deposits with original maturities of 90 days or less at acquisition.
Restricted cash includes any cash and cash equivalents held by the Company that are legally restricted as to withdrawals or usage. This consists of certain deposits that are restricted under regulatory requirements. Regardless of whether customer deposits are legally restricted, the Company maintains separate bank accounts to segregate cash that resides in customers’ accounts from operational funds.
Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Short-term investments consist of certificates of deposit with an original maturity greater than three months but not greater than one year. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had short-term investments of $5.8 million and $4.3 million, respectively.
Surety Bonds
The Company had been issued $31.1
The Company had been issued $6.3 million and $6.1 million in surety bonds as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, to satisfy regulatory requirements necessary to operate in certain jurisdictions.
There have been no claims against any of the Company’s surety bonds, and the likelihood of future claims is expected to be remote.
Foreign Currency Gains and Losses
The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar while the functional currency of its subsidiaries not deemed to be the U.S. dollar include the Colombian Peso, Mexican Peso, Canadian Dollar, and Peruvian Soles. The financial statements of non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated into the U.S. dollar in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 830, Foreign Currency Matters, using period-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities, and average exchange rates for the period for revenues, costs and expenses. The U.S. dollar effects that arise from translating the net assets of these
F-9
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
subsidiaries at changing rates are recorded in the foreign currency translation adjustment account, which is included in equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss.
If transactions are recorded in a currency other than the functional currency, remeasurement into the functional currency is required and may result in transaction gains or losses. Transaction gains were $0.1 1.3 million and $1.7 million for the same respective periods in 2024. Amounts are recorded in general and administrative on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Tax Receivable Agreement Expense
Tax receivable agreement expense consists of the accounting cost associated with the initial recognition of the TRA liability as of June 30, 2025. This expense reflects changes in the estimated future payments under the TRA attributable to RSILP Unit exchanges completed prior to that date. These prior exchanges increased the Company’s tax basis in its share of RSILP’s underlying assets, giving rise to expected tax savings and corresponding TRA liability. RSILP Unit exchanges occurring after June 30, 2025 will not result in TRA expense, as the associated increase in tax basis and the resulting TRA liability will be accounted for as equity transactions.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which is intended to enhance the transparency, decision usefulness and effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in this ASU require a public entity to disclose a tabular tax rate reconciliation, using both percentages and currency, with specific categories. A public entity is also required to provide a qualitative description of the states and local jurisdictions that make up the majority of the effect of the state and local income tax category and the net amount of income taxes paid, disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes and also disaggregated by individual jurisdictions. The amendments also remove certain disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial. The amendments are effective prospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption and retrospective application are permitted. The Company will adopt this standard beginning with its fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of these new disclosure requirements on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The ASU requires the disclosure of additional information related to certain costs and expenses, including amounts of inventory purchases, employee compensation, and depreciation and amortization included in each income statement line item. The ASU also requires disclosure of the total amount of selling expenses and the Company’s definition of selling expenses. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
3.Revenue Recognition
The Company’s revenue from contracts with customers is derived from online casino, online sports betting, retail sports betting and social gaming.
Online casino and online sports betting
Online casino offerings typically include the full suite of games available in land-based casinos, such as table games (i.e., blackjack and roulette), slot machines and poker games. The Company generates revenue from these offerings (other than online poker) through hold, or gross winnings, as customers play against the house. Online casino revenue other than from online poker is generated based on total customer bets less amounts paid to customers for winning bets, less other incentives awarded to customers, plus or minus the change in the progressive jackpot liability. Online casino revenue from online poker is recognized as rake (i.e., percentage of a game’s wagers earned by the Company for satisfying the performance obligation) less any value given back to players, which could be in the form of cash, tournament tickets or other forms of bonuses.
Online sports betting involves a user placing a bet on the outcome of a sporting event, sports-related activity or a series of the same, with the chance to win a pre-determined amount, often referred to as fixed odds. Online sports betting revenue
F-10
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
is generated by setting odds such that there is a built-in theoretical margin in each bet offered to customers. Online sports betting revenue is generated based on total customer bets less amounts paid to customers for winning bets, less other incentives awarded to customers, plus or minus the change in unsettled bets.
Retail sports betting
The Company provides retail sports services to land-based partners in exchange for a monthly commission based on that partner’s retail sportsbook revenue. Services generally include ongoing management and oversight of the retail sportsbook, technical support for the partner’s customers, risk management, advertising and promotion, and support for third-party vendors’ sports betting equipment. The Company has a single performance obligation to provide retail sports services and records the revenue as services are performed and when the commission amounts are no longer constrained (i.e., the amount is known).
Certain relationships with business partners provide the Company the ability to operate the retail sportsbook. In this scenario, revenue is generated based on total customer bets less amounts paid to customers for winning bets, less other incentives awarded to customers, plus or minus the change in unsettled retail sports bets and unclaimed retail tickets for settled retail bets.
Social gaming
The Company provides a social gaming platform for users to enjoy free-to-play games that use virtual credits. While virtual credits are issued to users for free, some users may choose to purchase additional virtual credits through the Company’s virtual cashier. The Company has a single performance obligation associated with social gaming services to provide the services to users upon the redemption of virtual credits. Deferred revenue is recorded when users purchase virtual credits and revenue is recognized when the virtual credits are redeemed, and the Company’s performance obligation has been fulfilled.
Disaggregation of revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, was as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Online casino and online sports betting | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Retail sports betting | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Social gaming | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Revenue by geographic region for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, was as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
| United States and Canada | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Latin America, including Mexico | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
F-11
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Deferred revenue associated with online casino and online sports betting revenue and retail sports betting revenue includes unsettled customer bets and is included within players’ liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The deferred revenue balances as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
| Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue, beginning of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue, end of period | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Revenue recognized during the period from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period | $ | $ | |||||||||
4.Intangible Assets, Net
The Company had the following intangible assets, net as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
| ($ in thousands) | Weighted- Average Remaining Amortization Period (years) | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net | |||||||||||||||||||
| License Fees | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Internally Developed Software | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Developed Technology | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Other Intangible Assets(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 30, 2025 | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| December 31, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Other intangible assets include trademarks, media content, customer lists and software licenses.
Amortization expense was $8.8 million and $17.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, compared to amortization expense of $6.7 million and $12.8 million for the same respective periods in 2024.
F-12
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
5. Property and Equipment, net
The Company had the following property and equipment, net as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
| ($ in thousands) | June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||
| Computers, software and related equipment | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Operating equipment and servers | |||||||||||
| Furniture | |||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment not yet placed into service | |||||||||||
| Total property and equipment | |||||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Finance lease right-of-use assets | |||||||||||
| Less: accumulated amortization | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
The Company recorded depreciation expense on property and equipment of $0.4 million and $0.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, compared to depreciation expense of $0.5 million and $1.1 million for the same respective periods in 2024. The Company recorded amortization expense on finance lease right-of-use assets of $0.6 million and $1.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and $0.4 million and $0.8 million for the same respective periods in 2024.
6. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
The Company has the following accrued expenses as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
| ($ in thousands) | June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||
| Accrued compensation and related expenses | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued operating expenses | |||||||||||
| Accrued marketing expenses | |||||||||||
| Accrued administrative expenses | |||||||||||
| Accrued other expenses | |||||||||||
| Total accrued expenses | $ | $ | |||||||||
F-13
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The Company has the following other current and non-current liabilities as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:
Current | Non-Current | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | June 30, 2025 | December 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Value-added tax payable | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Deferred royalty liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Finance lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax payable | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other current and non-current liabilities | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
7. Stockholders’ Equity
Non-Controlling Interests
Non-controlling interests represent the RSILP Units held by holders other than the Company.
Non-controlling interests owned 58.31 % and 60.00 % of the RSILP Units outstanding as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The table below illustrates a rollforward of the non-controlling interests’ ownership during the six months ended June 30, 2025:
| Non-Controlling Interest % | ||||||||
Non-controlling interests ownership % as of December 31, 2024: | % | |||||||
| Issuance of Class A Common Stock upon RSILP Unit Exchanges | ( | % | ||||||
| Issuance of Class A Common Stock under the equity compensation plan, net of shares withheld for employee taxes | ( | % | ||||||
Repurchases of Class A Common Stock | % | |||||||
Non-controlling interests ownership % as of June 30, 2025: | % | |||||||
Non-controlling interests owned 64.29 % and 67.51 % of the RSILP Units outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The table below illustrates a rollforward of the non-controlling interests’ ownership during the six months ended June 30, 2024:
| Non-Controlling Interest % | ||||||||
Non-controlling interests ownership % as of December 31, 2023: | % | |||||||
| Issuance of Class A Common Stock upon RSILP Unit Exchanges | ( | % | ||||||
| Issuance of Class A Common Stock under the equity compensation plan | ( | % | ||||||
Non-controlling interests ownership % as of June 30, 2024: | % | |||||||
Treasury Stock
On October 24, 2024, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an aggregate of up to $50 million of the Company’s Class A Common Stock (the “Stock Repurchase Program”) through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 234,397 and 733,019 shares, respectively, of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Stock Repurchase Program. The aggregate purchase price was approximately $2.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and $7.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, at average prices of $10.55 and $10.41 , respectively. The repurchased shares are considered issued but not outstanding.
F-14
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
8. Share-Based Compensation
Incentive Plan
The Company adopted the Rush Street Interactive, Inc. 2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time (the “2020 Plan”), to attract, retain and incentivize employees, certain consultants and directors who will contribute to the success of the Company. Awards that may be granted under the 2020 Plan include incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted awards, performance share awards, cash awards and other equity-based awards. There is an aggregate of approximately 35.8 million shares of Class A Common Stock reserved under the 2020 Plan. The 2020 Plan will terminate on December 29, 2030.
Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”)
The Company granted 824,329 and 1,989,288 RSUs with service conditions during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. RSUs with service conditions generally vest over a - to four-year period, with each tranche vesting annually. The grant date fair value of RSUs with service conditions is determined based on the quoted market price.
The Company granted 423,269 and 1,152,122 RSUs with market-based conditions (e.g., total shareholder return) during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. RSUs with market-based conditions generally vest over a three-year period and fair value was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation using the following assumptions:
| Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Volatility rate | % | % | |||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | % | |||||||||
| Average expected life (in years) | |||||||||||
| Dividend yield | |||||||||||
| Stock price at grant date | $ | $ | |||||||||
F-15
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
RSU activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:
______________________________
| Number of units | Weighted-average grant price | ||||||||||
Unvested balance at December 31, 2024 | $ | ||||||||||
| Granted | |||||||||||
Additional shares based on performance(1) | |||||||||||
Vested(2) | ( | ||||||||||
| Forfeited | ( | ||||||||||
Unvested balance at June 30, 2025 | $ | ||||||||||
Unvested balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | ||||||||||
| Granted | |||||||||||
Vested(2) | ( | ||||||||||
| Forfeited | ( | ||||||||||
Unvested balance at June 30, 2024 | $ | ||||||||||
(1)RSUs with market conditions include a performance achievement multiplier that is assessed upon vesting of the shares. RSUs with market conditions vested during the six months ended June 30, 2025, resulting in the issuance of shares incremental to the initial target when the conditions were met.
(2)Includes 479,552 and 297,320 of RSUs that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, but the resulting shares of Class A Common Stock have not yet been issued. There were 985,588 and 549,039 RSUs that vested for which the resulting shares of Class A Common Stock were not issued as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The aggregate fair value of the RSUs granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was approximately $1.4 million and $15.1 million, respectively, compared to the aggregate fair value of the RSUs granted of approximately $1.2 million and $22.2 million for the same respective periods in 2024. The aggregate grant date fair value of RSUs vested during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was approximately $1.9 million and $20.0 million, respectively, compared to $4.1 million and $10.1 million for the same respective periods in 2024.
As of June 30, 2025, the Company had unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to RSUs of $37.6 million. The outstanding RSUs had a remaining weighted-average vesting period of 1.16 years as of June 30, 2025.
The Company withheld 1,718,906 shares of its Class A Common Stock associated with the tax withholding obligations due from employees upon the vesting of equity-based awards at an average price of $13.11 and a total cost of $22.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared to nil shares for the same period in 2024.
F-16
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Stock Options
The Company granted 344,391 and 630,897 stock options during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The estimated grant date fair value of stock options was determined using a Black-Scholes valuation model using the following weighted-average assumptions:
| Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Volatility rate | % | % | |||||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | % | |||||||||
Expected term(1) (in years) | |||||||||||
| Dividend yield | |||||||||||
| Stock price at grant date | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Exercise price | $ | $ | |||||||||
(1)Calculated using the simplified method (the midpoint between the requisite service period and the contractual term of the option) due to the Company’s insufficient historical exercise information to provide a basis for an estimate.
Stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025 was as follows:
| Number of options | Weighted-average exercise price | ||||||||||
Outstanding balance at December 31, 2024 | $ | ||||||||||
| Granted | |||||||||||
Exercised | |||||||||||
| Forfeited | |||||||||||
Outstanding balance at June 30, 2025 | $ | ||||||||||
Exercisable balance at June 30, 2025 | $ | ||||||||||
Stock option activity for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was as follows:
| Number of options | Weighted-average exercise price | ||||||||||
Outstanding balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | ||||||||||
| Granted | |||||||||||
Exercised | |||||||||||
| Forfeited | |||||||||||
Outstanding balance at June 30, 2024 | $ | ||||||||||
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was nil and $6.70 , respectively, compared to nil and $3.74 for the same respective periods in 2024. The aggregate fair value of the stock options granted during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was nil and $2.3 million, respectively, compared to nil and $2.4 million for the same respective periods in 2024. The outstanding stock options and exercisable stock options as of June 30, 2025 had an intrinsic value of $28.2 million and $15.8 million, respectively.
As of June 30, 2025, the Company had unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to stock options of $4.1 million. The outstanding options had a remaining weighted-average vesting period of 1.06 years as of June 30, 2025.
F-17
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Share-based Compensation Expense
Share-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Costs of revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing | |||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total share-based compensation expense | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
9. Income Taxes
Income tax (benefit) expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||||
The Company recognized a federal, state and foreign income tax benefit of $115.0 million and $110.0 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, compared to an income tax expense of $6.4 million and $11.7 million during the same respective periods in 2024. The effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 were 133.5 % and 157.3 %, respectively, and were 104.6 % and 127.1 % during the same respective periods in 2024. The difference between the Company’s year-to-date effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% was primarily due to the release of the valuation allowance recorded on the Company’s U.S. deferred tax assets based on current year income, non-taxable income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interest and income tax rate differences related to the Company’s foreign operations. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company also recorded a tax benefit of $121.6
On a quarterly basis, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of its deferred tax asset and adjusts the valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset may not be realized. As of June 30, 2025, management determined that there is sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets of $145.8 million, primarily in the U.S., are realizable. For purposes of forecasting taxable income, the Company relied on historical pre-tax earnings trends and incorporated assumptions about future performance that are expected to impact pre-tax results. These historical results support the expectation that the Company will generate taxable income in future periods. The Company did not recognize all U.S. deferred tax assets because the Company determined that a portion of excess income tax basis in RSILP will only reverse upon the occurrence of certain events, such as a sale of the Company’s interest in RSILP, none of which are expected to occur in the foreseeable future. As of June 30, 2025, the valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax assets per the annualized effective tax rate computation is $68.5 million.
On July 4, 2025, the U.S. Congress passed budget reconciliation bill H.R. 1, referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill (“OBBB”). The OBBB contains several changes to corporate taxation including modifications to capitalization of research and development expenses, limitations on deductions for interest expense and accelerated fixed asset depreciation. The Company is still in the process of evaluating the OBBB and an estimate of the financial impact cannot be made at this time.
In connection with the Business Combination, the Special Limited Partner entered into the TRA, which generally provides that it pay 85 % of certain net tax benefits, if any, that the Company (including the Special Limited Partner) realizes (or in certain cases is deemed to realize) as a result of an increase in tax basis and tax benefits related to the transactions contemplated under the Business Combination Agreement and the exchange of Retained RSILP Units (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement) for Class A Common Stock (or cash at the Company’s option) pursuant to RSILP’s amended and restated limited partnership agreement and tax benefits related to entering into the TRA, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the TRA. These payments are the obligation of the Special Limited Partner and not of RSILP. The actual increase in the Special Limited Partner’s allocable share of RSILP’s tax basis in its assets, as well
F-18
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
as the amount and timing of any payments under the TRA, will vary depending upon a number of factors, including the timing of exchanges, the market price of the Class A Common Stock at the time of the exchange and the amount and timing of the recognition of RSI and its consolidated subsidiaries’ (including the Special Limited Partner’s) income. While many of the factors that will determine the amount of payments that the Special Limited Partner will make under the Tax Receivable Agreement are outside of the Company's control, the Company expects that the payments the Special Limited Partner will make under the TRA will be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on the financial condition of the Company.
Based primarily on the three-year cumulative income analysis and anticipated future earnings, management has determined that it is more likely than not that the Company will be able to utilize its deferred tax assets subject to the TRA. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company recognized a TRA liability of $113.8 million (including $1.1 million classified as current liability) and $0.7 million, respectively, based on tax benefits realized in the current and prior tax year. Additional unrecognized TRA liability as of December 31, 2024 was $104.3 million. The recognition of the TRA liability resulted in tax receivable agreement expense of $112.7 million and $113.0 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively. The increase in the liability is primarily due to the issuance of Class A Common Stock upon RSILP Unit exchanges.
F-19
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
10. Earnings (Loss) Per Share
The basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (amounts in thousands, except for share and per share amounts):
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Rush Street Interactive, Inc. – basic | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Increase to net income attributable to non-controlling interests | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Rush Street Interactive, Inc. – diluted | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Denominator: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Conversion of Weighted Average RSILP units to Class A Common Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Incremental shares from assumed conversion of stock options and restricted stock units(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings (loss) per Class A Common Share - basic | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
Earnings (loss) per Class A Common Share - diluted | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
(1) In periods of Net loss, assumed conversion of stock-based awards and RSILP units are anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the diluted loss per share calculation. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The Class V Common Stock does not participate in the Company’s earnings or losses and is therefore not a participating security. As such, separate presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share of Class V Common Stock under the two-class method has not been presented.
F-20
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The Company excluded the following securities from its computation of diluted shares outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 as their effect would have been anti-dilutive:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
RSILP Units(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Unvested RSUs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Vested RSUs(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding Stock Options | |||||||||||||||||||||||
_____________________________________
(1) RSILP Units that are held by non-controlling interest holders and may be exchanged, subject to certain restrictions, for Class A Common Stock. Upon exchange of an RSILP Unit, a share of Class V Common Stock is cancelled.
(2) RSUs that vested but the resulting shares of Class A Common Stock have not yet been issued.
11. Segment Reporting
An operating segment is a component of an entity that (i) engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses; (ii) has discrete financial information available; and (iii) is regularly reviewed by the entity’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for purposes of performance assessment and resource allocation.
The Company’s CODM is its chief executive officer. The Company manages its operations as a single operating segment that engages in online gaming and retail sports betting business activities. The Company derives its revenues from its gaming offerings such as real-money online casino, online sports betting and retail sports betting (i.e., sports betting services provided at bricks-and-mortar locations), as well as social gaming, which involves free-to-play games using virtual credits that users can earn or purchase. The accounting policies for this segment are consistent with those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The measure of segment assets is reported on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as total consolidated assets.
The Company’s revenue, significant expenses and net income (loss) for its consolidated segment are as follows:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Costs of revenue(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other segment items(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated net income (loss) | $ | $ | ( | $ | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||
(1) Excludes share-based compensation expense.
(2) Other segment items include share-based compensation expense and tax receivable agreement expense.
F-21
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
12. Related Parties
Affiliated Land-Based Casinos
Neil Bluhm and his adult children (including Mr. Andrew Bluhm and Ms. Leslie Bluhm, both members of the Board), through their individual capacities, entities or trusts that they have created for the benefit of themselves or their family members, and Greg Carlin, through his individual capacity, entities or trusts that he has created for the benefit of himself or his family members, are direct or indirect owners, directors and/or officers of certain land-based casinos. The Company has entered into certain agreements with these affiliated land-based casinos that create strategic partnerships aimed to capture the online gaming, online sports betting and retail sports services markets in the various states and municipalities where the land-based casinos operate.
Generally, the Company pays a royalty fee to the land-based casino (calculated as a percentage of the Company’s revenue less reimbursable costs or other consideration received as defined in the applicable agreement) in exchange for the right to operate real-money online casino and/or online sports betting under the gaming license of the land-based casinos or for marketing gaming offerings under the land-based casinos’ brand. Royalties related to arrangements with affiliated casinos were $16.0 million and $33.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively, and $17.8 million and $33.4 million for the same respective periods in 2024, which were net of any consideration received from the affiliated casino for reimbursable costs, as well as costs that are paid directly by the affiliate casino on the Company’s behalf. Net royalties paid are recorded as costs of revenue in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. In certain cases, the affiliate casino maintains the bank account that processes cash deposits and withdrawals for the Company’s customers. Accordingly, at any point in time, the Company will record a receivable from the affiliate, representing the Company’s total gaming revenue (with customers) that was collected by the affiliate, less consideration payable to the affiliate for use of its license, which is offset by any consideration owed to the Company from the affiliate based on the terms of the applicable agreement. Receivables due from affiliated land-based casinos were $16.3 million and $18.2 million at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.
In addition, the Company provides retail sports services to certain affiliated land-based casinos in exchange for a monthly commission based on the casino’s retail sportsbook revenue. Services generally include ongoing management and oversight of the retail sportsbook, technical support for the casino’s customers, risk management, advertising and promotion, and support for third-party vendors’ sports betting equipment. Revenue recognized relating to retail sports services provided to affiliated land-based casinos for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Any payables due to the affiliated land-based casinos are netted against affiliate receivables to the extent a right of offset exists.
13. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Matters
The Company is not a party to any material legal proceedings and is not aware of any material pending or threatened claims. From time to time, however, the Company may be subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities.
F-22
RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Other Contractual Obligations
The Company is a party to several non-cancelable contracts with vendors and licensors for marketing, other strategic partnership-related agreements and leases where the Company is obligated to make future minimum payments under the non-cancelable terms of these contracts as follows ($ in thousands):
Remainder of 2025 | $ | ||||
Year ending December 31, 2026 | |||||
Year ending December 31, 2027 | |||||
Year ending December 31, 2028 | |||||
Year ending December 31, 2029 | |||||
| Thereafter | |||||
Total(1) | $ | ||||
_____________________________________
| (1) | Includes obligations under license and market access commitments totaling $ | ||||
F-23
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (our “Annual Report”), and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”). In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Our actual results and timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those discussed under the sections of this Report captioned “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.” For a discussion of limitations in measuring certain of our key metrics, see the section of this Report captioned “Limitations of Key Metrics and Other Data.”
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains certain financial measures, in particular the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA, which are not presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles of the United States (“GAAP”). We present these non-GAAP financial measures because they provide us and readers of this Report with additional insight into our operational performance relative to earlier periods and relative to our competitors. These non-GAAP financial measures are not a substitute for any GAAP financial information. Readers of this Report should use these non-GAAP financial measures only in conjunction with the comparable GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations of Adjusted EBITDA to Net Income (Loss), the most comparable GAAP measure, are provided in this Report.
Unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this Report to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Rush Street Interactive, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
Our Business
We are a leading online gaming and entertainment company that focuses primarily on online casino and online sports betting in the U.S., Canadian and Latin American markets. Our mission is to engage and delight players by delivering friendly, fun and fair betting experiences. In furtherance of this mission, we strive to create an online community for our customers where we are transparent and honest, treat our customers fairly, show them that we value their time and loyalty, and listen to feedback. We also endeavor to implement industry leading responsible gaming practices and provide our customers with a cutting-edge online gaming platform and exciting, personalized offerings that will enhance their user experience.
We provide our customers with an array of leading gaming offerings such as real-money online casino, online sports betting and retail sports betting (i.e., sports betting services provided at bricks-and-mortar locations), as well as social gaming, which involves free-to-play games using virtual credits that users can earn or purchase. We launched our first social gaming website in 2015 and began accepting real-money bets in the United States in 2016. Currently, we offer real-money online casino, online sports betting and/or retail sports betting in 16 U.S. states and the four international markets as outlined in the table below.
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| Jurisdictions | Online Casino | Online Sports Betting | Retail Sports Betting | |||||||||||||||||
| Domestic: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Arizona | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
| Colorado | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
Delaware | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
| Illinois | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
| Indiana | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
| Iowa | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
| Louisiana | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
| Maryland | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
| Michigan | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||
| New Jersey | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
| New York | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ohio | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
| Pennsylvania | ü | ü | ü | |||||||||||||||||
| Virginia | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Washington | ü | |||||||||||||||||||
| West Virginia | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
| International: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Colombia | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Mexico | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ontario (Canada) | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Peru | ü | ü | ||||||||||||||||||
Our real-money online casino and online sports betting offerings are currently provided under our BetRivers and PlaySugarHouse brands in the United States and Canada and under our RushBet brand in Latin America (which includes Mexico). We operate and/or support retail sports betting for our bricks-and-mortar partners under our brands or their respective brands depending on the terms of our arrangement. Many of our social gaming offerings are marketed under our own brands, although we also offer social gaming under our partners’ brands as well. Our decision about what brand or brands to use is market and/or partner specific, and is based on brand awareness, market research, marketing efficiency, contractual obligations and applicable gaming rules and regulations.
Trends in Key Metrics
Monthly Active Users
MAUs is the number of unique users per month who have placed at least one real-money bet across one or more of our online casino, poker or online sports betting offerings. We average the MAUs for the months in the relevant period. We exclude users who have made a deposit but have not yet placed a real-money bet on at least one of our online offerings. We also exclude users who have placed a real-money bet but only with promotional incentives.
MAUs is a key indicator of the scale of our user base and awareness of our brands. We believe that year-over-year MAUs is also generally indicative of the long-term revenue growth potential of our business, although MAUs in individual periods may be less indicative of our longer-term expectations. We expect the number of MAUs to grow as we attract, retain and re-engage users in new and existing jurisdictions and expand our offerings to appeal to a wider audience.
25
The chart below presents our average MAUs in the United States and Canada for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
The increase in MAUs in the United States and Canada was mainly due to our continued growth and strong customer retention rates in existing markets. Additionally, we continue to achieve a positive response from our strategic advertising and marketing efforts.
The chart below presents our average MAUs in Latin America (including Mexico) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
The increase in MAUs in Latin America was mainly due to our continued growth and strong customer retention rates in Colombia and Mexico and expansion into new markets such as Peru. Additionally, we continue to achieve a positive response from our strategic advertising and marketing efforts.
26
Average Revenue Per Monthly Active User
ARPMAU for an applicable period is monthly revenue divided by average MAUs. This key metric represents our ability to drive usage and monetization of our online offerings.
The chart below presents our ARPMAU in the United States and Canada for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
The year-over-year increase in ARPMAU in the United States and Canada was mainly due to our continued growth in markets where we offer online casino in addition to online sports betting, the impact of our strategic advertising and marketing efforts, and our focus on retaining quality players.
27
The chart below presents our ARPMAU in Latin America (including Mexico) for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
The year-over-year decrease in ARPMAU in Latin America was mainly driven by the negative impact of additional player bonusing as a result of the value-added tax imposed on customer deposits in Colombia, which became effective during the six months ended June 30, 2025, and unfavorable foreign exchange rate fluctuations.
Non-GAAP Information
This Report includes Adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-GAAP performance measure that we use to supplement our results presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations and operating performance, as it is similar to measures reported by our public competitors and is regularly used by securities analysts, institutional investors and other interested parties in analyzing operating performance and prospects. Non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any GAAP financial measures and, as calculated, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of performance of other companies in other industries or within the same industry.
We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest income or expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation, adjustments for certain one-time or non-recurring items and other adjustments. Adjusted EBITDA excludes certain expenses that are required in accordance with GAAP because certain expenses are either non-cash or are not related to our underlying business performance.
We include Adjusted EBITDA because management uses it to evaluate our core operating performance and trends and to make strategic decisions regarding the distribution of capital and new investments. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA provides investors with useful information on our past financial and operating performance, enables comparison of financial results from period-to-period where certain items may vary independent of business performance, and allows for greater transparency with respect to metrics used by our management in operating our business. Management also believes that Adjusted EBITDA is useful in evaluating our operating performance compared to that of other companies in our industry, as this metric generally eliminates the effects of certain items that may vary from company to company for reasons unrelated to overall operating performance.
28
The table below presents our Adjusted EBITDA reconciled from our net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the periods indicated:
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 28,830 | $ | (282) | $ | 40,041 | $ | (2,491) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income, net | (2,181) | (1,917) | (3,880) | (3,476) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense | (115,017) | 6,396 | (109,952) | 11,696 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 9,827 | 7,555 | 19,318 | 14,656 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | 6,098 | 9,691 | 14,911 | 18,116 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax receivable agreement expense | 112,692 | — | 113,037 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 40,249 | $ | 21,443 | $ | 73,475 | $ | 38,501 | ||||||||||||||||||
Key Components of Revenue and Expenses
Revenue
We currently offer real-money online casino, online sports betting and/or retail sports betting in 16 U.S. states, Colombia, Ontario, Canada, Mexico and Peru. We also provide social gaming (where permitted), where users can earn or purchase virtual credits to enjoy free-to-play games.
Our revenue is predominantly generated from our U.S. and Canada operations, with the remaining revenue being generated from our Latin America (including Mexico) operations. We generate revenue primarily through the following offerings:
Online Casino
Online casino offerings typically include the full suite of games available in bricks-and-mortar casinos, such as table games (i.e., blackjack and roulette), slot machines and poker games. For these offerings (other than online poker), similar to bricks-and-mortar casinos, we generate revenue through hold, or gross winnings, as customers play against the house. For our poker game offerings, like land-based card rooms that are typically incorporated in land-based casinos, we are generally not exposed to the risks of game play or the outcome of the game as players are not playing against the house but are instead playing against each other on a peer-to-peer basis. We generate revenue through rake, or a small commission taken from the total wagers placed on the hand, which is generally subject to a cap, and through tournament entry fees. Like bricks-and-mortar casinos, there is volatility with online casino, but as the number of bets placed increases, the revenue retained from bets placed becomes easier to predict. Our experience has been that online casino revenue is less volatile than sports betting revenue.
Our online casino offering consists of a combination of licensed content from leading industry suppliers, customized third-party games, our proprietary online poker platform and a small number of proprietary games that were developed exclusively for us. Third-party content is usually subject to standard revenue-sharing agreements specific to each supplier, where the supplier generally receives a percentage of the net gaming revenue generated from its casino games played on our platform. In exchange, we receive a limited license to offer the games on our platform to customers in permitted jurisdictions. We generally pay much lower fees on revenue generated through our proprietary casino games such as our multi-bet blackjack (with side bets: 21+3, Lucky Ladies, Lucky Lucky), and single-deck blackjack, which primarily relate to hosting/remote gaming server fees and certain intellectual property license fees.
With respect to online poker, player liquidity, or the number or volume of players with an operator, is critical to the success of the game, with a greater number of players supporting a wider range and greater volume of games and larger tournaments, thereby increasing the quality of the offering to the consumer. Our online poker offerings include a comprehensive suite of game formats, including cash games, sit & go tournaments, and multi-table tournaments, catering to players of all skill levels. Players play against each other in either ring games (i.e., games for cash on a hand-by-hand basis) or in tournaments (i.e., players play against each other for tournament chips with prize money distributed to the last remaining competitors) or variations thereof.
29
Online casino revenue (other than from online poker) is generated based on total customer bets less amounts paid to customers for winning bets, less incentives awarded to customers, plus or minus the change in the progressive jackpot reserve. Online casino revenue from online poker is recognized as rake (i.e., percentage of a game’s wagers earned by the Company for satisfying the performance obligation) less any value given back to players, which could be in the form of cash, tournament tickets or other form of bonuses.
Online Sports Betting
Online sports betting involves a user placing a bet on the outcome of a sporting event, a sports-related activity or a series of the same, with the chance to win a pre-determined amount, often referred to as fixed odds. Online sports betting revenue is generated by setting odds such that there is a built-in theoretical margin in each sports bet offered to customers. While sporting event outcomes may result in revenue volatility, we believe that we can achieve a positive long-term betting win margin. In addition to traditional fixed-odds betting, we also offer other fixed-odd sports betting products including in-game betting and multi-sport and same-game parlay betting. We have also incorporated live streaming of certain sporting events into our online sports betting offering. Integrated into our online sports betting platform is a third-party risk and trading platform currently provided by certain subsidiaries of Kambi Group plc.
Online sports revenue is generated based on total customer bets less amounts paid to customers for winning bets, less incentives awarded to customers, plus or minus the change in unsettled sports bets.
Retail Sports Betting
We provide retail sports betting services to certain land-based partners in exchange for a monthly commission that is calculated based on the land-based retail sportsbook revenue. Services generally include ongoing management and oversight of the retail sportsbook (i.e., within a bricks-and-mortar location), technical support for such partner’s customers, risk management, advertising and promotion, and support for third-party sports betting equipment.
In addition, certain relationships with our partners provide us the ability to operate the retail sportsbook at the land-based partner’s facility. In this scenario, revenue is generated based on total customer bets less amounts paid to customers for winning bets, less other incentives awarded to customers, plus or minus the change in unsettled retail sports bets and unclaimed retail tickets for settled retail bets.
Social Gaming
We provide social gaming (where permitted) where users can earn or purchase virtual credits to enjoy free-to-play games. Users who exhaust their credits can either purchase additional virtual credits from the virtual cashier or wait until their virtual credits are replenished for free. Virtual credits have no monetary value and can only be used within our social gaming platform.
Our social gaming business has three main goals: build online databases in key markets ahead of and post-legalization and regulation; generate revenues; and increase engagement and visitation to our bricks-and-mortar partner properties. Our social gaming products are a marketing tool that keeps the applicable brands present in the minds of our users and engages with users through another channel while providing the entertainment value that users seek. We also leverage our social gaming products to cross-sell to our real-money offerings in jurisdictions where real-money gaming is authorized.
We recognize deferred revenue when users purchase virtual credits and revenue when those credits are redeemed. We pay a percentage of the social gaming revenue derived from the sale and redemption of the virtual credits to content suppliers as well as to our land-based partners.
Costs and Expenses
Costs of Revenue. Costs of revenue consist primarily of (i) revenue share and market access fees, (ii) third-party platform and content fees, (iii) gaming taxes, (iv) payment processing fees and chargebacks and (v) salaries, bonuses, benefits and share-based compensation for dedicated personnel. These costs are primarily variable in nature and should typically correlate with the change in revenue. Revenue share and market access fees consist primarily of variable amounts paid to local partners that hold the applicable gaming license, providing us the ability to offer our real-money online offerings in the respective jurisdictions. Our third-party platform and content fees are primarily driven by costs associated with third-party casino content, data and streaming, sports betting trading services and certain elements of our platform technology, such as geolocation and know-your-customer. Gaming taxes relate to state taxes that are determined on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis, or federal excise taxes that are determined based on a percentage of the total online sports
30
and retail sports bets placed. We incur payment processing costs on customer deposits, withdrawals and occasionally chargebacks (i.e., when a payment processor contractually disallows customer deposits in the normal course of business).
Sales and Marketing Costs. Sales and marketing costs consist primarily of costs associated with marketing our offerings via different channels, promotional activities and related customer acquisition costs. These costs also include salaries, bonuses, benefits and share-based compensation for dedicated personnel and are expensed as incurred.
Our ability to effectively market is critical to our success. Using experience, dynamic learnings and analytics, we leverage marketing to acquire, convert, retain and re-engage customers. We use a variety of earned media and paid marketing channels, in combination with compelling offers, brand ambassadors, proprietary content, and unique game and site features, to attract and engage customers. Further, we continuously optimize our marketing spend using data collected from our operations. Our marketing spend is based on a return-on-investment model that considers a variety of factors, including the product offerings in the jurisdiction, local advertising rules, the performance of different marketing channels, predicted lifetime value, marginal costs and expenses and behavior of customers across various product offerings.
With respect to paid marketing, we use a broad array of advertising channels, including television, radio, social media platforms, sponsorships, affiliates and paid search, and other digital channels. We also use other forms of marketing and outreach, such as our social media channels, first-party websites, media interviews and other media spots and organic searches. These efforts are primarily concentrated within the specific jurisdictions where we operate or intend to operate. We believe there is significant benefit to having a flexible approach to advertising spending as we can quickly redirect our advertising spending based on dynamic testing of our advertising methods and channels.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of administrative personnel costs, including salaries, bonuses and benefits, share-based compensation expense for dedicated personnel, professional fees related to legal, compliance, audit and consulting services, rent, insurance costs, technology and foreign exchange gains or losses.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense consists of depreciation on our property and equipment and amortization of intangible assets (including market access licenses, gaming jurisdictional licenses, internally developed software, developed technology, and other intangible assets) and finance lease right-of-use assets over their useful lives.
Tax Receivable Agreement Expense. Tax receivable agreement expense consists of the accounting cost associated with the initial recognition of the TRA liability as of June 30, 2025. This expense reflects changes in the estimated future payments under the TRA attributable to RSILP Unit exchanges completed prior to that date. These prior exchanges increased the Company’s tax basis in its share of RSILP’s underlying assets, giving rise to expected tax savings and corresponding TRA liability. RSILP Unit exchanges occurring after June 30, 2025 will not result in TRA expense, as the associated increase in tax basis and the resulting TRA liability will be accounted for as equity transactions.
Results of Operations
The following tables set forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the interim periods indicated and the changes between periods. We have derived this data from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report. The results of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for any future period.
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Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 269,217 | $ | 220,379 | $ | 48,838 | 22 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Costs of revenue | 174,147 | 144,477 | 29,670 | 21 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing | 37,132 | 36,944 | 188 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 23,787 | 27,206 | (3,419) | (13) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 9,827 | 7,555 | 2,272 | 30 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 24,324 | 4,197 | 20,127 | n/m | |||||||||||||||||||
Tax receivable agreement expense | (112,692) | — | (112,692) | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income, net | 2,181 | 1,917 | 264 | 14 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) Income before income taxes | (86,187) | 6,114 | (92,301) | n/m | |||||||||||||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense | (115,017) | 6,396 | (121,413) | n/m | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 28,830 | $ | (282) | $ | 29,112 | n/m | ||||||||||||||||
*n/m means not meaningful | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue. Revenue increased by $48.8 million, or 22%, to $269.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $220.4 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was mainly due to and directly correlated with our continued growth across existing markets and expansion into the new markets, such as Peru. The increase reflects higher period-over-period online casino and sports betting revenue and social gaming revenue of $48.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
Costs of Revenue. Costs of revenue increased by $29.7 million, or 21%, to $174.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $144.5 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was mainly due to and directly correlated with our expansion and continued growth as noted above. Gaming taxes, market access costs, payment processing costs and operating expenses contributed $13.1 million, $7.8 million, $4.2 million and $4.2 million, respectively, to the period-over-period increase in costs of revenue. Personnel costs contributed to the remainder of the period-over-period increase. Costs of revenue as a percentage of revenue decreased to 65% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to 66% for the same period in 2024.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expense increased by $0.2 million, or 1%, to $37.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $36.9 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by higher marketing personnel costs and share-based compensation expense, which was partially offset by reduced marketing spend resulting from management’s strategy to rationalize marketing spend as the North American and Latin American online gaming industries continue to mature. Sales and marketing expense as a percentage of revenue decreased to 14% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to 17% for the same period in 2024.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expense decreased by $3.4 million, or 13%, to $23.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $27.2 million for the same period in 2024. The decrease was primarily due to lower share-based compensation expense and other administrative costs. General and administrative expense as a percentage of revenue decreased to 9% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to 12% for the same period in 2024.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $2.3 million, or 30%, to $9.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $7.6 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was mainly due to additional costs to acquire internally developed software and other definite-lived intangible assets. Depreciation and amortization expense as a percentage of revenue increased to 4% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to 3% for the same period in 2024.
Tax Receivable Agreement Expense. Tax receivable agreement expenses increased by $112.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to nil for the same period in 2024. The increase is associated with our initial recognition of a TRA liability upon realization of future tax benefits associated with the TRA.
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Interest Income, Net. Interest income, net, increased by $0.3 million, or 14%, to $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $1.9 million for the same period in 2024. The increase in interest income was mainly attributed to higher amounts of cash held in interest-bearing accounts and money market funds as compared to the same period in 2024.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Net. Income tax benefit was $115.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to income tax expense of $6.4 million for the same period in 2024. Income tax benefit is primarily attributable to the release of valuation allowance as it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred asset may be realized.
Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 and 2024
| Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 531,624 | $ | 437,807 | $ | 93,817 | 21 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Costs of revenue | 345,030 | 289,000 | 56,030 | 19 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
Sales and Marketing | 79,271 | 75,348 | 3,923 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 48,759 | 53,074 | (4,315) | (8) | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 19,318 | 14,656 | 4,662 | 32 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | 39,246 | 5,729 | 33,517 | n/m | |||||||||||||||||||
Tax receivable agreement expense | (113,037) | — | (113,037) | 100 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income, net | 3,880 | 3,476 | 404 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| (Loss) Income before income taxes | (69,911) | 9,205 | (79,116) | n/m | |||||||||||||||||||
Income tax (benefit) expense | (109,952) | 11,696 | (121,648) | n/m | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 40,041 | $ | (2,491) | $ | 42,532 | n/m | ||||||||||||||||
*n/m means not meaningful | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue. Revenue increased by $93.8 million, or 21%, to $531.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $437.8 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was mainly due to and directly correlated with our continued growth across existing markets and expansion into new markets, which launched late in the second quarter of 2024. The increase reflects higher period-over-period online casino and sports betting revenue of $93.9 million and social gaming revenue of $0.3 million, which was partially offset by a decrease of retail sports betting revenue of $0.4 million.
Costs of Revenue. Costs of revenue increased by $56.0 million, or 19%, to $345.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $289.0 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was mainly due to and directly correlated with, our expansion and continued growth as noted above. Gaming taxes, market access costs, operating expenses and payment processing costs contributed $21.8 million, $18.7 million, $6.4 million and $4.2 million, respectively, to the period-over-period increase in costs of revenue. Personnel costs contributed to the remainder of the period-over-period increase. Costs of revenue as a percentage of revenue decreased to 65% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to 66% for the same period in 2024.
Sales and Marketing. Sales and Marketing expense increased by $3.9 million, or 5%, to $79.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $75.3 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was primarily driven by higher marketing personnel costs and share-based compensation expense, which was partially offset by reduced marketing spend resulting from management’s strategy to rationalize marketing spend as the North American and Latin American online gaming industries continue to mature. Sales and marketing expense as a percentage of revenue decreased to 15% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to 17% for the same period in 2024.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expense decreased by $4.3 million, or 8%, to $48.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $53.1 million for the same period in 2024. The decrease was primarily due to lower share-based compensation expense and other administrative costs. General and administrative expense as a percentage of revenue decreased to 9% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to 12% for the same period in 2024.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $4.7 million, or 32%, to $19.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $14.6 million for the same period in 2024. The increase was mainly due to additional costs to acquire internally developed software and other definite-lived intangible assets.
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Depreciation and amortization expense as a percentage of revenue increased to 4% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to 3% for the same period in 2024.
Tax Receivable Agreement Expense. Tax receivable agreement expenses increased by $113.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to nil for the same period in 2024. The increase is associated with our initial recognition of a TRA liability upon realization of future tax benefits associated with the TRA.
Interest Income, Net. Interest income increased by $0.4 million, or 12%, to $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to $3.5 million for the same period in 2024. The increase in interest income was mainly attributed to higher amounts of cash held in interest-bearing accounts and money market funds as compared to the same period in 2024.
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Net. Income tax benefit was $110.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to income tax expense of $11.7 million for the same period in 2024. Income tax benefit is primarily attributable to the release of a valuation allowance as it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred asset may be realized.
Seasonality and Other Trends Impacting Our Business
Our results of operations may, and generally do, fluctuate due to seasonal trends and other factors such as level of customer engagement, online casino and sports betting results and other factors that are outside of our control or that we cannot reasonably predict. Our quarterly financial performance depends on our ability to attract and retain customers. Customer engagement in our online offerings may vary due to, among other things, customer satisfaction with our platform, the number, timing and type of sporting events, the length of professional sports seasons, our offerings and marketing efforts and those of our competitors (including those not just in the online gaming industry but also in the entertainment industry broadly), other forms of entertainment available to our customers, weather conditions, public sentiment, an economic downturn or other economic factors such as inflation, economic uncertainty or macroeconomic conditions. As customer engagement varies, so may our quarterly financial performance.
Our quarterly financial results may also be impacted by the number and amount of betting losses and jackpot payouts we experience. Although our losses are limited per wager to a maximum payout, when looking at bets across a period of time, these losses can be significant. We offer progressive jackpot games in our online casino offerings. Each time a customer plays a progressive jackpot game, we contribute a portion of the amount bet to the jackpot for that game or group of games. When a progressive jackpot is won, it is paid out and reset to a predetermined base amount. Winning the jackpot is determined by a random mechanism; we cannot foresee when a jackpot will be won, and we do not insure against jackpot payouts. Paying the progressive jackpot decreases our cash position.
Our online and retail sports betting operations experience seasonality based on the relative popularity and frequency of certain sporting events. Although sporting events occur throughout the year, our online sports betting customers are most active during the NFL, NBA, college football and basketball seasons. With respect to our online and retail sports betting operations, customer activity tends to increase, and we may experience increased volatility, in connection with major sporting events such as the NFL super bowl, the NBA finals and NCAA basketball March Madness. In addition, sports betting activity is impacted by the occurrence of periodic events (e.g., World Cup, Copa América, UEFA, Olympics).
From a legislative perspective, we continue to see strong momentum to legalize and regulate online sports betting in new jurisdictions in the Americas. As expected, many of these new jurisdictions are first trying to legalize and regulate online sports betting before considering whether to legalize and regulate online casino. However, given the tax generation success of online casino in markets where it has been legalized, we also continue to see strong momentum for online casino in several jurisdictions in the Americas that are looking for additional revenue sources to fund expanding budgets. Additionally, we have seen governmental officials or legislative or regulatory bodies in certain jurisdictions in which we operate consider, and in limited cases to date, approve, increases in gaming-related taxes or other types of taxes on companies operating in the gaming industry. While it is unclear at this time if this will continue, any proposed legislation or other similar actions to increase existing taxes on online sportsbook and/or casino could negatively impact our business, profitability and cash flows.
We operate within the global gaming and entertainment industry, which is comprised of diverse products and offerings that compete for consumers’ time and disposable income. We face and expect to continue to face significant competition from other industry players both within existing and new markets including from competitors with access to more resources, existing assets such as brands or databases, or experience. Customer demands for new and innovative offerings and features require us to continue to invest in new technologies, features and content to improve the customer experience. Many jurisdictions in which we operate or intend to operate in the future have unique regulatory and/or technological
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requirements, which require us to have robust, scalable networks and infrastructure, and agile engineering and software development capabilities. The global gaming and entertainment industry has seen significant consolidation, regulatory change and technological development over the last few years, and we expect this trend to continue into the foreseeable future, which may create opportunities for us but may also create competitive and margin pressures. We are starting to see some other online gaming operators rationalize their marketing spend in North American jurisdictions, although their marketing spend may vary by quarter depending on, among other things, sports calendars, new market launches and prior commitments.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash on hand and cash flows from operations. We regularly monitor our liquidity position, working capital needs and capital allocation strategy to ensure we maintain adequate resources to support our business operations, fund strategic initiatives and fulfill other corporate and contractual obligations, including those under our TRA and the amended and restated partnership agreement of RSILP (the “A&R Partnership Agreement”).
As of June 30, 2025, we had $240.6 million in cash and cash equivalents, excluding legally restricted customer cash deposits that we segregate from our operating cash balances. We intend to continue to finance our operations without third-party debt and entirely from operating cash flows and cash on our balance sheet.
Our current working capital needs relate mainly to supporting our existing businesses, the growth of these businesses in their existing markets and their expansion into other geographic regions, as well as our personnel’s compensation and benefits. We expect our material cash requirements during the upcoming 12-month period to include $10.9 million of non-cancellable purchase obligations with marketing vendors, $4.3 million of minimum license and market access fees, and $2.6 million of lease payments. We also have $35.0 million of additional non-cancellable purchase obligations that will be due subsequent to the upcoming 12-month period. In addition, we will continue to pursue expansion into new markets, which is expected to require significant capital investments.
We are required to make payments equal to 85% of the tax benefits we realize in connection with the TRA. These obligations under the TRA, while mainly non-current in nature, reduce future operating cash flows as the associated tax benefits are realized. Although the actual timing and amount of any payments made under the TRA will vary, such payments may be significant. Any payments made under the TRA will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us and, to the extent that payments required under the TRA are unable to be made for any reason, the unpaid amounts generally will be deferred and will accrue interest until paid. To date, no material payments under the TRA have been made, and no material payments thereunder are expected in the next 12 months. We expect additional obligations of $112.7 million associated with the TRA liability subsequent to the upcoming 12-month period.
RSILP is a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, taxable income will be allocated for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the holders of RSILP Units. The A&R Partnership Agreement requires RSILP to make tax distributions to holders of RSILP Units (including the Special Limited Partner) calculated at certain assumed rates. In some cases, these assumed rates may be significantly higher than the holders’ actual tax rates. The amount of these tax distributions can be significant, in particular as RSILP’s profitability increases, which will generally reduce the amount of overall cash flow that might have otherwise been available to us. To date, no material tax distribution payments have been made, and no material payments thereunder are expected in the next 12 months.
We expect our existing cash and cash equivalents and cash flows from operations to be sufficient to fund our operating activities and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months and thereafter for the foreseeable future. It is possible that we may need additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other developments, including unanticipated regulatory developments, significant acquisitions, partnerships or marketing initiatives, deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and competitive pressures. We expect our capital expenditures and working capital requirements to continue to increase in the immediate future to support our growth as we seek to expand our offerings across more of North America, Latin America and worldwide, which will require significant investment in our online gaming platform and our personnel, in particular in product development, engineering and operations roles. We also expect certain costs such as marketing, market access and license fees to increase to the extent we pursue expansion opportunities in new and existing jurisdictions. In particular, we are party to several non-cancelable contracts with vendors and licensors for marketing, other strategic partnerships and leases, pursuant to which we are obligated to make future minimum payments under the non-cancelable terms of these contracts. Additionally, our continued profitability will trigger future quarterly tax distribution obligations payable to the limited partners of RSILP under the A&R Partnership Agreement. To the extent that our current resources are insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may need to seek additional equity
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or debt financing. If the needed financing is not available, or if the terms of financing are less desirable than we expect, we may be forced to decrease our level of investment in new product, service or market launches and related marketing initiatives or to scale back our existing operations, which could have an adverse impact on our business and financial prospects.
Surety Bonds
We had been issued $31.1 million in surety bonds as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 that are used to satisfy regulatory requirements related to securing cash held for the benefit of customers.
We had been issued $6.3 million and $6.1 million in surety bonds as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, to satisfy regulatory requirements necessary to operate in certain jurisdictions.
There have been no claims against any of our surety bonds and the likelihood of future claims is expected to be remote.
Debt and Letters of Credit
As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had no outstanding debt. As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had an outstanding letter of credit for $5.8 million and $4.3 million, respectively, in connection with our operations in Colombia, for which no amounts had been drawn.
Stock Repurchase Program
On October 24, 2024, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an aggregate of up to $50 million of our Class A Common Stock through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, we repurchased 234,397 and 733,019 shares, respectively, of Class A Common Stock pursuant to the Stock Repurchase Program. The aggregate purchase price was approximately $2.5 million during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and $7.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, at average prices of $10.55 and $10.41, respectively.
Cash Flows
The following table shows our cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
| Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||
| ($ in thousands) | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 54,499 | $ | 51,118 | |||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (19,111) | (18,919) | |||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (33,851) | (455) | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 7,659 | (3,867) | |||||||||
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 9,196 | $ | 27,877 | |||||||
Operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $3.4 million to $54.5 million, as compared to $51.1 million during the same period in 2024. The increase was primarily brought by higher period-over-period net income totaling $42.5 million, which was partially offset by changes in operating assets and liabilities of $32.3 million and decreased non-cash expenses of $6.8 million. The decrease in non-cash expenses was driven primarily by deferred income tax benefit and decrease in share-based compensation expense totaling $121.3 million and $3.2 million, respectively, which was partially offset by tax receivable agreement expense totaling $113.0 million and additional depreciation and amortization totaling to $4.7 million.
Investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $0.2 million to $19.1 million, as compared to $18.9 million during the same period in 2024. The increase reflects the acquisition of additional other intangible assets totaling $0.8 million, increased costs for internally developed software totaling $0.7 million and acquisition of developed technology totaling $0.2 million. This was partially offset by lower period-over-
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period short-term investments, acquisition of gaming licenses and purchases of property and equipment totaling $0.8 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively.
Financing activities. Net cash used in financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $33.4 million to $33.9 million, as compared to $0.5 million during the same period in 2024. The period-over-period increase primarily reflects the payments for employee taxes related to shares withheld and repurchases of Class A Common Stock totaling to $24.2 million and $7.6 million, respectively. Payments of finance lease liabilities contributed to the remainder of the period-over-period increase.
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. The effect of exchange rate changes increased cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash by $7.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to a decrease of $3.9 million for the same period in 2024. These changes were due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates (primarily the Colombian Peso) from period to period.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We have prepared our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In doing so, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Management bases estimates on historical experience and other assumptions it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances and evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Management has discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these estimates and assumptions with the Audit Committee of the Board.
There were no material changes during the quarter ended June 30, 2025, to the critical accounting policies and estimates discussed in our Annual Report. For a more complete discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, refer to our Annual Report.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
We operate primarily in the United States, Canada and Latin America. As such, we have been exposed in the past and may in the future be exposed to certain market risks, including interest rate, foreign currency exchange and inflation risks, in the ordinary course of our business. Currently, these risks are not material to our financial condition or results of operations, but they may be in the future.
Interest Rate Risk
As of June 30, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $242.0 million, which consisted primarily of bank deposits, certificates of deposits and money market funds. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk; however, due to the relatively short-term nature of these instruments, historical fluctuations of interest income have not been significant. The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal and provide liquidity without significantly increasing risk. A 10% increase or decrease in the interest rates of these interest-earning instruments would not have a material effect on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange risk related to our transactions in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, which is our reporting and functional currency for a majority of our operations. We seek to naturally hedge our foreign exchange transaction exposure by matching the transaction currencies for our cash inflows and outflows. Currently, we do not otherwise hedge our foreign exchange exposure but may consider doing so in the future. Our foreign currency exposure is primarily with respect to the Colombian Peso, the Canadian Dollar and the Mexican Peso. Markets with a functional currency other than the U.S. Dollar accounted for less than 20% and 10% of our revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. A 10% increase or decrease in the value of these currencies compared to the U.S. Dollar would not have a material effect on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2025.
Inflation Risk
We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2025. If our costs become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not
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be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition and operating results. In addition, our customers may experience inflationary pressures and rising costs. This could result in our customers having less disposable income, and thus they may reduce their spending on discretionary entertainment activities such as our products and services. Such a reduction in spending by our customers could harm our business, financial condition, revenues and operating results.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, we have carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that are filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2025.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2025 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, as specified above. Our management recognizes that any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain judgments and assumptions and cannot provide absolute assurance that its objectives will be met.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
From time to time we become involved in legal proceedings concerning matters arising in connection with the conduct of our business activities. These proceedings may be at varying stages, and many of these proceedings may seek an indeterminate amount of damages. We regularly evaluate the status of the legal proceedings in which we are involved to assess whether a loss is probable or there is a reasonable possibility that a loss or an additional loss may have been incurred and to determine if accruals are appropriate. If accruals are not appropriate, we further evaluate each legal proceeding to assess whether an estimate of the possible loss or range of possible loss can be made.
In our opinion, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to any of these actions is unlikely to materially affect our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, though the outcomes could be material to our operating results for any particular period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
On October 24, 2024, our Board of Directors authorized the Stock Repurchase Program to repurchase up to an aggregate of $50 million of our Class A Common Stock through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws. Our stock repurchase authorization does not have an expiration date and the pace of our repurchase activity will depend on factors, including, without limitation, our working capital needs, our stock price and economic and market conditions. Our stock repurchase program may be accelerated, suspended, delayed or discontinued at any time.
The table below provides information with respect to repurchases of shares of our Class A Common Stock during the three months ended June 30, 2025 (amounts in thousands, except for share and per share amounts):
Total Number of Shares Purchased(1) | Average Price Paid Per Share(2) | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
April 1 - April 30, 2025 | 234,397 | $ | 10.55 | 234,397 | $ | 42,366 | ||||||||||||||||||||
May 1 - May 31, 2025 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 42,366 | ||||||||||||||||||||
June 1 - June 30, 2025 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 42,366 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 234,397 | $ | 10.55 | 234,397 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) The total number of shares purchased excludes any shares withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of employee restricted stock units.
(2) Average price paid per share includes broker commissions, but excludes excise tax.
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Item 5. Other Information.
Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers
During the three months ended June 30, 2025, none of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated
| Name and Title | Action | Date of Action | Duration of Trading Arrangements | Rule 10b5-1 Trading Arrangement? (Y/N)1 | Aggregate Number of Securities Subject to Trading Arrangement | ||||||||||||
Paul Wierbicki, Chief Legal Officer and Director | August 5, 2025 - August 5, 2026 | Y | |||||||||||||||
1 Denotes whether the trading plan is intended, when adopted, to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1 (c).
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Item 6. Exhibits.
The following exhibits are being filed or furnished, as applicable, herewith:
_____________________________________
| * | Filed herewith. | ||||
| ** | This exhibit is furnished herewith and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | ||||
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| RUSH STREET INTERACTIVE, INC. | ||||||||
| July 31, 2025 | By: | /s/ Kyle Sauers | ||||||
| Kyle Sauers | ||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | ||||||||
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Exhibit 31.1
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Richard Schwartz, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Rush Street Interactive, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: July 31, 2025 | |||||
| /s/ Richard Schwartz | |||||
| Richard Schwartz | |||||
| Chief Executive Officer and Director | |||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||
Exhibit 31.2
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Kyle Sauers, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Rush Street Interactive, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: July 31, 2025 | |||||
| /s/ Kyle Sauers | |||||
| Kyle Sauers | |||||
| Chief Financial Officer | |||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||
Exhibit 32.1
Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, I, Richard Schwartz, Chief Executive Officer and Director of Rush Street Interactive, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify, that, to my knowledge:
1.The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: July 31, 2025 | |||||
| /s/ Richard Schwartz | |||||
| Richard Schwartz | |||||
| Chief Executive Officer and Director | |||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||
Exhibit 32.2
Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, I, Kyle Sauers, Chief Financial Officer of Rush Street Interactive, Inc. (the “Company”), hereby certify, that, to my knowledge:
1.The Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Date: July 31, 2025 | |||||
| /s/ Kyle Sauers | |||||
| Kyle Sauers | |||||
| Chief Financial Officer | |||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) | |||||