Good morning and welcome to the Sotera Health Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Conference Call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. After today’s presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Vice President and Treasurer, Mr. Jason Peterson. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning and welcome to today’s call. You can find today’s press release and accompanying supplemental slides on the Investors section of our website at soterahealth.com. This webcast is being recorded, and a replay will be available in the Investors section of the Sotera Health website. On the call with me today are Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Michael Petras; and Chief Financial Officer, Jon Lyons. During the call, some of our comments may be considered forward-looking statements. The matters addressed in these statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or implied. Please refer to Sotera Health’s SEC filings and the forward-looking statements slide at the beginning of the presentation for a description of these risks and uncertainties. The company assumes no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Please note that during the discussion today, the company will present both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income, tax rate applicable to adjusted net income, adjusted EPS, adjusted EBITDA margin, segment income margin, net debt and net leverage ratio as well as constant currency comparisons. A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures for all relevant periods may be found in the schedules attached to the company’s press release and in the supplemental slides to this presentation. The operator will be assisting with the Q&A portion of the call today. Please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up so that we can try and give everyone an opportunity to ask questions. As always, if you have any questions post call, please feel free to reach out to me and the Investor Relations team. I will now turn the call over to Sotera Health’s Chairman and CEO, Michael Petras.

Good morning, everyone and welcome to today’s call. This morning, we reported both top and bottom line growth for the quarter and the full year, while delivering 50%-plus adjusted EBITDA margins. 2023 presented many challenges, including macroeconomic and customer supply chain pressures, a shifting regulatory landscape and a lumpy Cobalt-60 harvest schedule at Nordion. Throughout the year, the Sotera Health team demonstrated resiliency, adaptability and unwavering commitment to the company’s core values in the face of these challenges. In addition to the growth we delivered, we were successful in achieving a number of operational goals. At Sterigenics, we completed four capacity expansions and made significant progress on our US EO facility enhancements. The Nordion team secured Cobalt-60 supply and successfully delivered 50% of its full year revenue in the fourth quarter. The team also made good progress on the long-term Cobalt-60 development programs. Nelson Labs achieved significant growth in its technical advisory services areas throughout the year. RCA, a business we acquired in 2021, continues to deliver strong revenue growth, as RCA supports customers in their interactions with regulatory agencies such as the FDA. We also resolved a substantial amount of ethylene oxide litigation in 2023 with the Illinois settlement of 880 claimants as well as the recent settlement of approximately 25% of the personal injury claims in Georgia. We finished 2023 in a strong liquidity position with approximately $700 million in liquidity, which is an increase of over $200 million from the end of 2022. Jon will provide more detail on our financial results in a moment, but first, I want to highlight a few items from our fourth quarter and full year 2023 results. We reported total revenue growth of 23.3% and adjusted EBITDA growth of 28.7% compared to the fourth quarter of 2022. For the full year 2023, revenue grew by 4.5% and adjusted EBITDA grew by 4.3% compared to 2022. 2023 marks another year, in which we continue our streak of annual revenue growth, which we’ve achieved every single year since 2005. With respect to the business units, Sterigenics delivered 6.5% top line growth for both the quarter and the full year. As we’ve discussed previously, Sterigenics, our largest reporting segment, has delivered consistent growth throughout its history. Serving its customer base through a comprehensive global network of 48 facilities, this segment has delivered a compound annual growth rate of 10% on its top line and 11% on its bottom line since becoming a public company. These growth rates speak to the durability of the business model as Sterigenics provides critical, often government-mandated services, which represent a fraction of the overall product cost for our customers. Nordion, our other business within the Sterilization Services segment, delivered 134.2% revenue growth for the quarter. This performance was expected and was driven by the timing of Cobalt-60 harvest schedules. As we’ve consistently messaged, Nordion’s revenue is tied to the harvest schedule of our Cobalt-60 suppliers, which results in irregular revenue patterns on a quarter-to-quarter basis. The team has unique expertise in navigating the complex Cobalt-60 supply chain. And as I’ve stated earlier, the Nordion team did a fantastic job delivering 50% of its full year revenues in the fourth quarter. On a full year basis, Nordion revenues were up 4.4%. Revenue in Nelson Labs, our Lab Testing and Advisory Services business grew 4.3% in the quarter versus the fourth quarter of 2022. Full year 2023 revenue was down approximately 1% versus the prior year. Nelson Labs continues to face the same headwinds we referenced on our third quarter 2023 call, including the extension of compliance deadlines for European Union medical device regulations, the decline in funding for start-ups and smaller companies, and lastly, softened demand for routine lot-release testing tied to a slowdown in sterilization volumes. Overall, 2023 was a good year for Sotera Health considering the uncertainty driven by macroeconomic pressures, customer inventory destocking and geopolitical events. I also want to take a moment to highlight the progress we made on our corporate responsibility initiatives. I am proud of our team’s accomplishments since the IPO in 2020. As part of our IPO, the Board established ESG oversight within our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. We also established an Internal Cross-Functional Committee, which reports into me, and we appointed two seasoned Senior Executives as Co-Chairs to lead the identification and implementation of initiatives consistent with our overall business strategy. During 2023, we’ve built on the initiatives begun in 2021 and 2022. Some of the highlights for our accomplishments include: In the environmental area, we have been working with a third-party software solution to establish a first-time published baseline environmental metrics. As previously mentioned, we continue our investment in industry-leading, state-of-the-art emission controls in our EO facilities. We also published our first environmental management statement in our 2023 corporate responsibility report. With respect to human capital, culture and communities, we published our formal Human Rights statement and disclosed initial human capital data. We completed a global employee engagement survey with an 83% participation rate. Our Sotera Health Women’s Network held an interactive session for our leaders with our Board Director, Ann Klee. We are proud to announce that in 2023, women represented more than 40% of our global leadership promotions. On the governance side, we welcomed Karen Flynn to our Board. Karen brings board independence to 91% and adds valuable commercial experience in the pharma services space, which is an important aspect of our long-term strategy. We also launched a formal enterprise risk management process with results that led us to prioritize six initial areas. These six areas are highlighted in our 2023 corporate responsibility report. And finally, our team completed outreach to institutions holding 60% of the company’s public stock float in 2023, and we held meetings on ESG topics with institutions holding approximately 40% of the public float. We greatly value these discussions and share the feedback regularly with our Board of Directors, including this past week. We look forward to continuing to share our corporate responsibility accomplishments in the future. Earlier today, we provided our initial 2024 outlook. For the full year 2024, we expect to deliver another year of top and bottom line growth with total revenues and adjusted EBITDA growth expected to be in the range of 4% to 6% when compared to 2023. The variability within our full year revenue range will be largely driven by the timing and magnitude of the market recovery in both Sterigenics and Nelson Labs. Now, Jon will take us through the financials in more depth.

Thank you, Michael. I will first cover fourth quarter and full year 2023 results, including updates on capital deployment and leverage. I will then conclude with additional details on the 2024 outlook. On a consolidated total company basis, fourth quarter revenues grew by 23.3% or 21.9% on a constant currency basis to $310 million. The fourth quarter volume growth was abnormally high with 50% of Nordion’s full year revenues landing in the period, as Michael previously mentioned. Fourth quarter adjusted EBITDA grew by 28.7% to $167 million, and adjusted EBITDA margins expanded by almost 225 basis points to 53.7%. Our reported interest expense for the quarter was $43 million. Reported net income for the fourth quarter of 2023 was $39 million or $0.14 per diluted share. Adjusted EPS was $0.26 for the quarter, an increase of $0.01. Now let’s take a look at our segment performance for the fourth quarter. In the fourth quarter, Sterigenics delivered 6.5% revenue growth to $172 million. Revenue growth drivers for the quarter included favorable pricing of 5.8% and favorable changes in foreign currency exchange rates of 1.7%, partially offset by slightly unfavorable volume and mix of approximately 1%. Segment income grew 6.4% to $95 million, driven by favorable pricing and changes in foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by higher costs and unfavorable volume and mix. Nordion’s fourth quarter revenue increased by approximately 134% to $80 million, driven by favorable volume and mix of over 100% and pricing of over 30% as Nordion generated 50% of its full year revenue in the quarter as expected. Segment income increased by more than 160% to $53 million, and segment income margins expanded by 720 basis points to 66.8%. Nelson Labs returned to growth in the fourth quarter as 2023 revenue improved 4.3% to $58 million compared to the same quarter last year. Revenue growth was driven by favorable pricing of 3.6% and a foreign currency tailwind of 1.2%, partially offset by unfavorable volume and mix of 0.5%. Segment income decreased 7.8% to $19 million and segment income margin declined by 420 basis points to 32.1%, which was driven by unfavorable volume and mix, coupled with some inflationary pressure, partially offset by favorable pricing. For the full year, we delivered $1.05 billion in revenue, up 4.5% or 4.2% on a constant currency basis. We grew adjusted EBITDA 4.3% to $528 million, resulting in an adjusted EBITDA margin of over 50%. Reported interest expense for the full year was approximately $143 million. Reported net income for 2023 was $51 million or $0.18 per diluted share. Adjusted EPS for the year was $0.81 per weighted average diluted share, a decrease of $0.15 primarily driven by higher interest expense and a higher tax rate. I will now turn to liquidity, net leverage, and capital deployment. The company continues to be in a strong liquidity position. As of year-end, we had approximately $700 million of available liquidity, which included $296 million of unrestricted cash and $400 million of available capacity under our revolving line of credit. For 2023, after adjusting for the $408 million Illinois settlement, we generated $260 million of operating cash, which is in line with prior years and demonstrates the cash-generating strength of our business. Our net leverage ratio finished the year at 3.8 times within our target range of 2 to 4 times. As you may recall, our net leverage ratio increased to 4.2 times in the second quarter of 2023 after the financing of our $500 million term loan and subsequent $408 million Illinois settlement payment. Since Q2 of 2023, our net leverage ratio has improved nearly 0.5 turn, which demonstrates our ability to de-lever through growth. CapEx for the year finished at $215 million. As Michael mentioned, Sterigenics completed four capacity expansions during the year and made significant progress on the EO facility enhancements. We currently have three growth projects in process, two of which are greenfields. Nordion’s Cobalt-60 development programs are progressing well. As I mentioned during our Q3 call, these are once-in-a-generation long-term projects that won’t yield incremental cobalt until later in the decade. For Nelson Labs, we continue to invest in expanding our pharma capabilities and in our lab information management system that we are deploying across the business segment. Now, I would like to discuss our 2024 outlook. For the full year, we expect total revenues and adjusted EBITDA to grow in the range of 4% to 6%, with adjusted EBITDA margins similar to 2023 levels. We expect another year of solid price performance with 2024 being at the lower end of our long-term stated range of 3.5% to 5% due to the moderation in inflation and timing of long-term contract renewals at Nordion. From a revenue cadence perspective, Q1 typically is the lightest quarter of the year for the company, and we expect that to be the case again in 2024. In Sterigenics, we are assuming relatively flat volumes in the first half with slight recovery beginning in the second half of 2024. Versus 2023, Nordion revenues will be more balanced between the first half and second half with the first quarter again being the lightest quarter of the year but stronger than 2023. For Nelson Labs, revenues for the first half of the year will be slightly lower than the second half with the first quarter being historically the lightest quarter of the year. In the past couple of years, we have provided visibility to the revenue risk associated with Russian cobalt supply. As of today, there is an approximate risk of between 0% and 3% of total company 2024 revenue. At this point, I would like to direct you to Slide 18 of the earnings presentation that is posted to our Investor website under Events and Presentations, which outlines a change we are making to the calculation of adjusted net income. By way of background, during Q2 of 2023, we closed on a $500 million term loan to fund the $408 million Illinois EO settlement. Consistent with our treatment of EO litigation-related costs, we excluded the interest costs related to $408 million of this loan to calculate adjusted net income. Beginning in 2024, we will no longer make this adjustment. We have presented the impact this change would have had in 2023, so you have the right basis for comparison going forward. As you will see on the slide, adjusted net income is reduced from $230.1 million to $202.3 million. The effective tax rate applicable to adjusted net income increased from 31.4% to 33.8%, and adjusted EPS changes from $0.81 to $0.71 per weighted average diluted share. These are the appropriate basis for comparison for our tax rate and EPS guidance. For 2024, we expect interest expense to be between $170 million and $180 million. We are projecting an effective tax rate applicable to adjusted net income in the range of 31.5% to 34.5%. Adjusted EPS is expected to be in the range of $0.67 to $0.75. We expect a fully diluted share count in the range of 283 million to 285 million shares on a weighted average basis. From a capital deployment standpoint, we will continue to prioritize organic growth and deleveraging as well as opportunistic M&A. And we expect capital expenditures in the range of $205 million to $225 million in 2024. As previously communicated, we expect 2024 to be at an elevated level before we start to see a decline in CapEx spending in 2025 when we will start to see free cash flow generation accelerate. Finally, our guidance does not assume any M&A, and we anticipate net leverage to improve in 2024.

Thank you, Jon. As we look forward to 2024, we will continue to focus on our priorities. A few of these priorities include expanding our global network through disciplined investment in Cobalt-60 development and additional capacity. We’ll continue to invest in upgrades to our US EO emission control systems. We will further enhance our one company capabilities through cross-functional business unit initiatives, all while delivering top and bottom line growth with strong cash flow generation. I want to reemphasize the strength and durability of our business model. In 2024, we expect another good year of performance in spite of uncertain demand recovery. The fundamentals of the criticality of our services remain intact with our customers. We have long-term relationships with the top medical device and pharma companies in the world that are supported by multiyear contracts. We will continue to execute for our customers, and when market volumes improve, Sotera Health will benefit from that recovery. Our focus day in and day out is on our mission of safeguarding global health. This company plays a critical role in healthcare, and we are in a strong position for growth once again in 2024. At this point, operator, let’s open up the call for Q&A.

Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. And the first question will come from Sean Dodge with RBC Capital. Please go ahead.

Yeah. Thanks. Good morning. I just want to start on Sterigenics. Michael, you said the guidance assumes volume recovery in the second half of the year. Can you give us a sense of the proportions of Sterigenics revenue you’re expecting first half to second half? I guess, historically, the second half has always been bigger in terms of revenue. Is 2024 going to be a lot more pronounced? And then maybe if you could just talk about the visibility you have into that? Is it just expecting a market recovery or is there something else you’re seeing now that indicates that?

Yeah, good morning, Sean. Yes, it will be similar to what we’ve seen in the past, where the second half is typically a little bit better than the first half. I don’t think it’s going to be dramatic, but as we said, relatively flat volumes in the first half for Sterigenics and improving in the second half. It’s really trying to predict, as I stated in my comments, around the recovery in the market volumes. We still see some destocking occurring in the channels, but we can tell you, overall, we’re not seeing it get worse. It’s very stable, both on the Sterigenics side as well as the Nelson side. It’s not getting worse. The question is when the recovery will start to come back? And we just want to give you visibility on how we are thinking about it as the year plays out.

Okay, great. And then on Nelson, maybe just any updates on the margin outlook there? Aside from just more volumes coming through, are there some cost actions you can take or lever as you can start to pull to drive some improvement in margins in the Nelson business?

As we've said before, in early 2023 we found ourselves with more resources than necessary for the current volumes. We made this decision to provide better service and ensure we were prepared for a volume recovery. We're positioned to effectively handle the business. I believe we will see improvements as the year goes on. There will be some turnover in that business, and we will manage that accordingly. We won't be filling as many positions until we see a recovery in volumes. Our aim is to reach the mid-30s, as we've indicated. It will take some time to get there, but that is ultimately our long-term goal.

Okay.

It’s a fine line there, Sean. We want to make sure we’re there to service the customers. That’s the biggest thing when that volume comes. Okay. Thank you.

The next question will come from Dave Windley with Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. Michael, I wanted to start on a little bit more strategic question. On these long-term cobalt supply initiatives that you are working on, when and if those are successful, I know there’s some development work around new reactors and things like that, what’s the impact of that, I guess? You have a kind of a fairly stable and predictable growth rate, a certain amount of MedTech users’ notification for Sterilization. Would you expect that to lower your input costs? Would you compete on price for more market share? Does it allow you to supply or to serve volume that you’re not serving today? I guess, I’m wondering, we really haven’t discussed this, I don’t think in much length, because it’s far away, but what’s the lever for you when you get more Cobalt-60 supply?

Yeah. David, thanks for the question. So just for some folks that aren’t as familiar, our cobalt development programs are really focused around working with OPG, Ontario Power Group, which is one of our longest-term suppliers, getting more capacity there as well as the program we’re working with Westinghouse. Our goal with these programs is to be able to keep up with the market growth over time. So there’ll be a portion of it that replaces existing reactors that will go out of service for maintenance work, if you will, or just being retired. But then more importantly, it’s also to bring out some additional capacity for longer-term flexibility in our global supply chain. So we think ultimately, David, it’s needed to keep up with the market growth over the long run.

Okay. On Sterigenics and following up on Sean’s question, regarding the volume and destocking you are experiencing, it seems that it’s not getting any worse, which is good news. Do you have insights into your customers' needs for further destocking? Can you quantify that in a way that gives you confidence that your order patterns and the underlying MedTech order patterns may start to improve slightly in the second half?

The supply chain situation is quite complex with our customers, who are managing their inventory and distribution channels, alongside the health systems. However, as I mentioned, we are not observing any worsening conditions. For example, I recently met with the CEO of a significant MedTech customer who informed me that he reduced inventory by $500 million in the latter half of last year, focusing on working capital. This trend is evident across multiple customers, and those familiar with the MedTech and bioprocessing sectors may have noticed similar movements, as companies aim to return to pre-COVID inventory levels or slightly below. We are not seeing any deterioration, and while it is challenging to establish a strong correlation due to certain variables, we are noticing stabilization and a slight recovery. We feel confident about our projections for Sterigenics, which are primarily linked to volumes. If those volumes materialize, we believe we will be well-positioned to meet demand, which would facilitate margin improvement over time.

Great. Appreciate the answers. Thank you.

The next question will come from Luke Sergott with Barclays. Please go ahead.

Thanks, everyone. I want to follow up on the destocking situation, especially regarding the bioprocessing sector and the devices. Could you provide any estimates on how much has been stocked? Typically, is this over a full year of stockpiling that is now being reduced, or is it around six months? I understand you won’t specify the timing, but it would be helpful to understand the magnitude. Additionally, looking back at history, have you ever encountered a situation like this that we could use as a reference?

Luke, unfortunately, we can’t provide that information. I believe everyone is facing similar challenges. When you consider the large MedTech and pharmaceutical companies, they operate on a global scale and offer various product lines, including pharmaceuticals and medical devices. We engage in discussions with them and analyze their public filings concerning inventory levels and days sales on hand to the best of our ability. Our investors are experiencing similar difficulties in navigating this with our customer base. However, I want to emphasize that we don’t anticipate the situation worsening. That's the key takeaway as we continue to address these matters across the channels.

All right, great. Regarding the margin guidance, we expect margins to remain flat year-over-year. As volumes recover in the second half and growth accelerates throughout the year, margins should also improve. However, I'm curious about why we aren't returning to more normalized levels. Could you clarify the key factors affecting margins throughout the year from an investment perspective?

Yeah. So I would look at it when you look at ‘22 and ‘23, the margins are pretty consistent with that just slightly over 50%. That’s kind of where our guides lead you in 2024. We’re focused on really driving margin dollar growth, not necessarily rate expansion. But over time, if we get more operating leverage, as I mentioned minutes ago, I think that will help us with margin improvement. But right now, our guide is expecting flat margins at 50%-plus.

Okay. Thanks.

The next question will come from Brett Fishbin with KeyBanc. Please go ahead.

Hey, guys. Thanks so much for taking the questions. Just wanted to start off on one more follow-up around the revenue growth guidance. I’m just hoping if you could walk through some of the moving pieces, particularly around Nelson Labs and Nordion and thoughts for the year? I think you gave some commentary on the phasing. But maybe if you could just give a little bit more on full year expectation and how to think about whether the step-up in Nelson Labs performance in 4Q could proceed into 2024?

I believe everything hinges on the recovery in volume. As I mentioned earlier, this affects the guidance we’ve provided. We anticipate that Nelson will keep improving over time. Our RCA business has experienced good growth, which has helped mitigate some of the volume losses on the Sterility side. Additionally, the timing of MDR compliance has been a factor. Regarding Nordion, it will continue to perform consistently for us. Although it will be our weakest quarter in the first quarter, it will still surpass last year’s performance, which was particularly slow. Overall, we expect a growth rate from the Nordion business that is modestly better than what we saw last year.

All right. Thanks for the color. And then just one follow-up I had. Maybe if you could just give a little bit more on how we should be thinking about the free cash flow setup for 2024. I think obviously, you had a pretty big adjustment or a moving piece in 2023 around the settlement, but maybe outside of that, is there anything changing significantly that we should be thinking about for 2024 outside of the ongoing CapEx projects that you have going? Thank you.

Yeah. Brett, thanks for the question. It’s Jon Lyons. We do see a favorable position on free cash flow for the year. I think when you pull out the settlement, we are somewhere around $40 million or $50 million in 2023. A couple of moving pieces inside that as I look at going into 2024. Number one, we do have the Georgia settlement that paid out in January. So that’s a moving piece. And then interest is going to be slightly elevated for the year compared to last, and taxes will be slightly elevated. On the flip side, we’ll have some EBITDA growth that will generate some cash, and we have less of a headwind on working capital going into the year. And we’re very focused on generating free cash flow, and we’ll keep driving it. And as I said before, in Q3, we see CapEx coming down over the next couple of years, and our free cash flow performance will really accelerate as we move into ‘25 and ‘26.

All right. Thanks for taking the questions. Appreciate it.

Thanks, Brett.

The next question will come from Casey Woodring with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Hi. Thank you for taking my questions. Just - yeah, to follow-up on the CapEx guide, the $205 million to $225 million this year. Is that the floor or could the finalized NESHAP ruling drive that higher potentially? And then maybe if you could just break down for us how much of that number is on EO facility enhancements versus the capacity expansion projects and the cobalt development programs underway? And then you just mentioned now that the elevated CapEx this year will take a step down in 2025. Can you just give us a sense for how many of these costs this year are not repeating?

So Casey, I guess you got the one question out of 15 compounds. I’ll try to answer as best we can. We’re expecting the guide to be $205 million to $225 million on CapEx. We’ve got about $40 million in there for GFE. The cobalt development is a significant investment this year, as we stated, this last year and this year, the biggest years around that. As far as NESHAP, we expect to hear something in NESHAP sometime in the month of March. It could be earlier March. We’re waiting for the final guide from the government. There could be incremental cost on it depending on exactly where that comes from. But based on what we know today, we feel pretty confident of our position and our ability to meet the requirements. Again, we took a very industry-leading approach on this on how we’re trying to resolve the emission challenges that are expected by the EPA. But overall, we feel pretty good about the cap guide that we’re giving for 2024. I think I got all your questions, there were several of them in there. I’m sorry if I missed one.

Yeah. No, that was helpful. Just as a follow-up, too. So you completed four Sterigenics capacity expansion projects in ‘23. You have three left to finish. I think you mentioned at our conference last month that you have one of those coming online this quarter. Just curious if you can quantify the increase in overall Sterigenics capacity by the end of these expansion projects? And then if you could walk through what your capacity utilization expectations are for 2024, and if the softer volume environment is weighing on margins at all and would then create an easier comp once demand normalizes? Thank you.

Okay. So yes, we have one of the three capacity projects in process that’s coming live in the first quarter. We don’t get into particulars of how much incremental capacity that will generate for the market. But overall, again, we try to get commitments to our customers for approximately 40% of those expansions before we do that. That doesn’t mean it happens at everyone, but that’s what our guide is. And I would tell you that as we look at those programs, one of them will come this year and then we’ll have one late in ‘24 and into ‘25 for the other ones. I think I got all of them. The capacity utilization, I think, was your other question. We target about 80%.

Okay, got it. Thank you.

The next question will come from Patrick Donnelly with Citi. Please go ahead.

Hello, everyone. Thank you for taking my questions. Michael, I have a question regarding pricing. It seems that this year will be towards the lower end of the long-term range of 3.5% to 5%. Is this just due to the timing factors you mentioned? I want to understand what you're hearing from customers regarding the core business. It appears that the Nordion aspect might be affecting that negatively. What insights do you have on pricing? Additionally, how should we approach expectations for pricing in the future, beyond this year?

Yes. Patrick, thanks for the question. Yeah, we feel confident in 3.5% to 5%. We just wanted to signal to you this year, it could be on the lower end of it range, driven by the point that you just referenced. The longer-term, it’s just the nature of what it’s been, the longer-term contracts for Nordion rolled off. We had very strong Nordion price performance in 2023, which would just soften a little bit in ‘24. We are not concerned about our long-range ability to generate price based on the value proposition we offer to our customers.

Okay. That’s helpful. And it sounds like over the past couple of quarters maybe you had some good dialogue with investors. Obviously, there’s a pretty concentrated holding at the top there. I mean, any intel or insight into kind of what the initial holders are kind of thinking about in terms of potentially things like secondaries, things like that in terms of just the concentration of the holdings up top, given that you seem like you can chat with them a good amount?

Yeah. Well, they’re on our board. So I do chat with them quite a bit. At the end of the day, they’re our shareholders, they’ve got to make decisions on when they sell the stock. They’re not going to be reckless about it; they’re very thoughtful on that. It’s been a great investment for them. They’re very supportive of the company. And over time, they’ll eventually sell their position, as we all know, they’re private equity firms, and that’s what they do. But overall, they’re being very thoughtful on how they ramp that down. They want to make sure they’re not doing it in a reckless manner.

Understood. Thanks, Michael.

The next question will come from Michael Polark with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning. Nordion 1Q look, I hear the thematic comment, but the range we could paint you could drive a bus through. So like what’s the right number for Nordion revenue in the first quarter? Should we look at ‘22 and ‘21, $25 million, $30 million, something like that or not quite that high?

We’re not going to provide details on individual businesses by quarter. It will be up from last year, but it won't reach the levels of 2022. Last year was not unusually low; as you may remember, we entered last year with very little inventory.

The follow-up below the line interest expense and tax. The question on tax is why is the tax rate so high? And is there a path to get it lower? And then on interest expense, I’m just trying to do the bridge ‘23 to ‘24. Jon, here, the comment is clear on Illinois, it was excluded last year, it’s included this year. If I do that, $116 million of interest expense last year, if Illinois is probably $35 million. So now I’m $150 million and you’re guiding $170 million to $180 million. What else is going on there? Is that just cycling in kind of higher rates generally on the overall balance, or are you modeling an incremental draw at some point in the year? I just want to fully understand the bridge from ‘23 to ‘24 on interest?

Thank you for the question. I want to clarify our report today of $0.81 EPS on an adjusted basis for 2023. With these adjustments, the new baseline for comparison is $0.71. The tax adjustment is noticeable and contributes to a higher tax rate. The reason for our elevated tax rate is primarily due to excess interest expenses that cannot be deducted for US tax purposes. Given our outlook, we won't be able to deduct that in the future, leading us to take a valuation allowance against it, which raises our tax rate. To reduce the tax rate over time, we need to continue growing and lowering interest expenses, which will help improve our ability to utilize those interest deductions.

So Mike, the other thing I would just add, there’s no incremental new debt contemplated in the guide. And the number that we finished last year at $143 million compared to the guide of $170 million to $180 million, that’s just the timing run out of the loan that we put in last year and that rolling out is for a full year and also the higher interest rate environment. That’s all.

Got it. Thank you.

Okay, great. Any other questions, operator? Is that it, Chuck?

That is it. I would like to pass the call back over to Mr. Petras for any closing remarks.

Great. Thank you, everybody for getting together this morning. As you can see, we’re really proud of what we accomplished in 2023. We’re excited and optimistic about 2024. We have a great business here that plays a critical role in healthcare. We have sticky customer relationships. We continue to bring real value to our customers day in, day out. But really, we’re providing a safe environment for our employees, the patients and the communities where we operate. So we’re really proud of what the team is doing, and we look forward to more conversations with you all in 2024. Thank you, and have a great day. Bye-bye.

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today’s presentation. You may now disconnect.