Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc 8-K, filed Jul 16, 2021
Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc. (SHO)
About this 8-K
Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc filed this 8-K on July 16, 2021, reporting on events of July 13, 2021.
Items reported
- Item 3.03: Change to shareholders' rights
- Item 5.03: Charter or bylaw amendment, or fiscal year change
- Item 8.01: Other events
- Item 9.01: Financial statements and exhibits
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
CURRENT REPORT
PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company
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Item 3.03. Material Modification to Rights of Security Holders.
On July 16, 2021 Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc. (the “Company”) issued 4,000,000 shares of 5.70% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Series I Preferred Stock”). As set forth in the Articles Supplementary to the Company’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement, as amended and supplemented (the “Articles Supplementary”), establishing the rights and preferences of the Series I Preferred Stock filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland on July 15, 2021, the Series I Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), and on parity with the Company’s 6.450% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, the Company’s Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, the Company’s 6.125% Series H Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and future capital stock that the Company may later authorize or issue and that by their terms are on a parity with the Series I Preferred Stock. Holders of Series I Preferred Stock, when and as authorized by the board of directors of the Company, are entitled to cumulative cash dividends at the rate of 5.70% per annum of the $25.00 per share liquidation preference per share, equivalent to $1.4250 per annum per share. Dividends are payable quarterly in arrears on January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing October 15, 2021. In addition to other preferential rights, the holders of Series I Preferred Stock are entitled to receive the liquidation preference, which is $25.00 per share, before the holders of Common Stock in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company’s affairs.
Generally, Series I Preferred Stock are not redeemable by the Company prior to July 16, 2026. However, upon the occurrence of a “Change of Control” (as defined below), holders of Series I Preferred Stock will have the right (unless, prior to the Change of Control Conversion Date (as defined below), the Company has provided or provides notice of its election to redeem the Series I Preferred Stock) to convert some or all of the Series I Preferred Stock (the “Change of Control Conversion Right”) into a number of shares of Common Stock per Series I Preferred Stock to be converted equal to the lesser of:
| · | the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the sum of the $25.00 liquidation preference plus the amount of any accrued and unpaid dividends to, but not including, the Change of Control Conversion Date (unless the Change of Control Conversion Date is after a record date for a Series I preferred dividend payment and prior to the corresponding Series I preferred dividend payment date, in which case no additional amount for such accrued and unpaid dividend will be included in this sum) by (ii) the Common Share Price (as defined below); and |
| · | 4.1425 (the “Share Cap”), subject to certain adjustments; |
subject, in each case, to provisions for the receipt of alternative consideration, as described in the Articles Supplementary.
If the Company has provided or provides a redemption notice, whether pursuant to the Company’s special optional redemption right in connection with a Change of Control or the Company’s optional redemption right, holders of Series I Preferred Stock will not have any right to convert their shares of Series I Preferred Stock in connection with the Change of Control Conversion Right and any shares of Series I Preferred Stock subsequently selected for redemption that have been tendered for conversion will be redeemed on the related date of redemption instead of converted on the Change of Control Conversion Date.
A “Change of Control” is when, after the original issuance of the Series I Preferred Stock, the following have occurred and are continuing:
| · | the acquisition by any person, including any syndicate or group deemed to be a “person” under Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) of beneficial ownership, directly or indirectly, through a purchase, merger or other acquisition transaction or series of purchases, mergers or other acquisition transactions of shares of the Company entitling that person to exercise more than 50% of the total voting power of all shares of the Company entitled to vote generally in elections of directors (except that such person will be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all securities that such person has the right to acquire, whether such right is currently exercisable or is exercisable only upon the occurrence of a subsequent condition); and |
| · | following the closing of any transaction referred to in the bullet above, neither the Company nor the acquiring or surviving entity has a class of common securities (or American Depositary Receipts representing such securities) listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), the NYSE American LLC (the “NYSE American”) or the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) or listed or quoted on an exchange or quotation system that is a successor to the NYSE, the NYSE American or Nasdaq. |
The “Change of Control Conversion Date” will be a business day that is no less than 20 days nor more than 35 days after the date on which the Company provides the required notice of the occurrence of a Change of Control to the holders of Series I Preferred Stock.
The “Common Share Price” will be: (i) if the consideration to be received in the Change of Control by holders of shares of the Company’s Common Stock is solely cash, the amount of cash consideration per share of Common Stock, and (ii) if the consideration to be received in the Change of Control by holders of shares of the Company’s Common Stock is other than solely cash, the average of the closing price per share of Common Stock on the 10 consecutive trading days immediately preceding, but not including, the effective date of the Change of Control.
A complete description of the Series I Preferred Stock is contained in the Articles Supplementary incorporated by reference as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.
On July 16, 2021, the Company, as the sole managing member of Sunstone Hotel Partnership, LLC, its wholly owned subsidiary (the “Operating Partnership”), executed the Eighth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Operating Partnership (the “LLC Agreement”), among other things, creating a series of preferred units (the “Series I Preferred Units”) that mirrors the rights and preferences of the Series I Preferred Stock described above. At the closing of the offering, the proceeds were contributed by the Company to the Operating Partnership in exchange for 4,000,000 Series I Preferred Units.
Item 5.03. Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change In Fiscal Year.
Information about the Articles Supplementary under Item 3.03 of this Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated by reference into this Item 5.03.
Item 8.01. Other Events.
On July 13, 2021, the Company and the Operating Partnership entered into an underwriting agreement dated July 13, 2021 (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, and Raymond James & Associates, Inc., as representatives of the several underwriters named in the Underwriting Agreement, relating to the sale of 4,000,000 shares of the Company’s Series I Preferred Stock in connection with an underwritten public offering (the “Offering”), pursuant to the Company’s effective registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-236538). The Underwriting Agreement is attached hereto as Exhibit 1.1 and is incorporated herein by reference.
On July 13, 2021, the Company provided notice of redemption to the holders of shares of its 6.450% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value (the “Series F Preferred Stock”). On August 12, 2021, the Company will redeem all 3,000,000 shares of its Series F Preferred Stock at a price equal to $25.00 per share plus an amount equal to all accrued and unpaid dividends thereon, using a portion of net proceeds received from the Offering. After the redemption date, the Company will have no outstanding shares of Series F Preferred Stock, and all rights of the holders of such shares will be terminated. Because the redemption of the Series F Preferred Stock is a redemption in full, trading of the Series F Preferred Stock on the New York Stock Exchange will cease on the redemption date.
On July 16, 2021, the Company completed the Offering, for net proceeds of approximately $96,850,000 million after deducting the underwriting discount but before deducting any offering expenses. The Offering was made pursuant to the Company’s effective registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-236538), a base prospectus, dated February 20, 2020, included as part of the registration statement, and a prospectus supplement, dated July 13, 2021, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Attached hereto as Exhibit 5.1 is the opinion of Venable LLP relating to the legality of the shares of Series I Preferred Stock issued in connection with the closing of the offering.
Item 9.01. Financial Statements And Exhibits
* Filed herewith
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc. | ||
| Date: July 16, 2021 | By: | /s/ Bryan A. Giglia |
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Bryan A. Giglia (Principal Financial Officer and Duly Authorized Officer) | ||
Exhibit 1.1
SUNSTONE HOTEL INVESTORS, INC.
(a Maryland corporation)
4,000,000 Shares of 5.70% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
Dated: July 13, 2021
SUNSTONE HOTEL INVESTORS, INC.
(a Maryland corporation)
4,000,000 Shares of 5.70% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
(Par Value $0.01 Per Share)
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
July 13, 2021
WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC
550 South Tryon Street
Charlotte, North Carolina 28202
J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC
383 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10179
RAYMOND JAMES & ASSOCIATES, INC.
880 Carillon Parkway
St. Petersburg, FL 33716
as Representatives of the several Underwriters
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and Sunstone Hotel Partnership, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Operating Partnership”), confirm their agreement with Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (“Wells Fargo”), J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“JPM”), Raymond James & Associates, Inc. (“Raymond James”), and each of the other Underwriters, if any, named in Schedule A hereto (collectively, the “Underwriters,” which term shall also include any underwriter substituted as hereinafter provided in Section 10 hereof), for whom Wells Fargo, JPM and Raymond James are acting as the representatives (in such capacity, the “Representatives”), with respect to the issue and sale by the Company and the purchase by the Underwriters, acting severally and not jointly, of the number of shares of 5.70% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (“Preferred Stock”) set forth in Schedule A attached hereto. The aforesaid 4,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock to be purchased by the Underwriters are hereinafter called the “Securities.”
The Company understands that the Underwriters propose to make a public offering of the Securities as soon as the Representatives deem advisable after this Agreement has been executed and delivered.
The Company will contribute the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities to the Operating Partnership, and in exchange therefor, at the Closing Time referred to in Section 2(b), the Operating Partnership will issue to the Company preferred units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (“Preferred Units”).
The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) an automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-236538) covering the public offering and sale of certain securities, including the Securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the “1933 Act Regulations”), which automatic shelf registration statement became effective under Rule 462(e) under the 1933 Act Regulations (“Rule 462(e)”). Promptly after execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company will prepare and file a final prospectus in accordance with the provisions of Rule 424(b) (“Rule 424(b)”) of the 1933 Act Regulations. Any information included in such prospectus that was omitted from such registration statement at the time it became effective but that is deemed to be part of and included in such registration statement pursuant to Rule 430B of the 1933 Act Regulations (“Rule 430B”) is referred to as “Rule 430B Information.” Each preliminary prospectus, including the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the 1933 Act, are collectively referred to as the “preliminary prospectus.” Such registration statement, at any given time, including the amendments thereto to such time, the exhibits and any schedules thereto at such time, the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the 1933 Act at such time and the documents otherwise deemed to be a part thereof or included therein by 1933 Act Regulations, is herein called the “Registration Statement.” The Registration Statement at the time it originally became effective is herein called the “Original Registration Statement.” The final prospectus in the form first furnished to the Underwriters for use in connection with the offering of the Securities, including the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the 1933 Act at the time of the execution of this Agreement are collectively referred to herein as the “Prospectus.” For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering Analysis and Retrieval system (“EDGAR”).
All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which is “contained,” “included” or “stated” in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information which is incorporated by reference in or otherwise deemed by 1933 Act Regulations to be a part of or included in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be; and all references in this Agreement to amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to mean and include the filing of any document under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”) which is incorporated by reference in or otherwise deemed by 1933 Act Regulations to be a part of or included in the Registration Statement, such preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be.
Section 1. Representations and Warranties.
(a) Representations and Warranties by the Company and the Operating Partnership. Each of the Company and the Operating Partnership represents and warrants, jointly and severally, to each Underwriter as of the date hereof, the Applicable Time referred to in Section 1(a)(ii) hereof and as of the Closing Time referred to in Section 2(b) hereof, and agrees with each Underwriter, as follows:
(i) Compliance with Registration Requirements. The Company meets the requirements for use of Form S-3 under the 1933 Act. At the time the Company or any person acting on its behalf (within the meaning for this clause only of Rule 163(c) of the 1933 Act Regulations) made any offer relating to the Securities in reliance on the exemption of Rule 163 of the 1933 Act Regulations, and at the date hereof, the Company was and is a “well-known seasoned issuer” as defined in Rule 405 of the 1933 Act Regulations. At the time of filing the Original Registration Statement, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or another offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) of the 1933 Act Regulations) of the Securities and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 of the 1933 Act Regulations. The Company has not received from the Commission any notice pursuant to Rule 401(g) of the 1933 Act Regulations objecting to the use of Form S-3. The initial effective date of the Original Registration Statement was not earlier than the date three years before the Applicable Time (as defined below).
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(ii) Registration Statement, Prospectus and General Disclosure Package at Applicable Time. The Original Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto have been declared effective under the 1933 Act. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued under the 1933 Act and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the knowledge of the Company and the Operating Partnership, are threatened by the Commission, and any request on the part of the Commission for additional information has been complied with.
At the respective times the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto became effective, at each deemed effective date with respect to the Underwriters pursuant to Rule 430B(f)(2) of the 1933 Act Regulations, and at the Closing Time, the Registration Statement complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the 1933 Act and the 1933 Act Regulations, and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.
Neither the Statutory Prospectus (as defined below) nor the Prospectus nor any amendments or supplements to the Statutory Prospectus or Prospectus, as of the date of the Statutory Prospectus or Prospectus or any such amendment or supplement and, as so amended or supplemented at such time, at the Closing Time, included or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
Each preliminary prospectus (including the prospectus or prospectuses filed as part of the Original Registration Statement or any amendment thereto), each Statutory Prospectus and the Prospectus complied or will comply when so filed in all material respects with the 1933 Act Regulations and each preliminary prospectus, Statutory Prospectus and the Prospectus used in connection with this offering was identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T promulgated by the Commission.
As of the Applicable Time, neither (x) the Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus(es) (as defined below) issued at or prior to the Applicable Time and attached to Schedule B attached hereto, (y) the most recent preliminary prospectus (including any documents incorporated therein by reference) that is distributed to investors prior to the Applicable Time, and (z) any other free writing prospectus that the parties hereto shall hereafter expressly agree in writing to treat as part of the General Disclosure Package, all considered together (collectively, the “General Disclosure Package”), nor (y) any individual Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below), when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, included any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
As used in this subsection and elsewhere in this Agreement:
“Applicable Time” means 3:40 pm (Eastern time) on July 13, 2021, or such other time as agreed by the Company and the Representatives.
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“Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 of the 1933 Act Regulations (“Rule 433”), including, without limitation, any free writing prospectus as defined in Rule 405 of the 1933 Act Regulations (“Rule 405”) relating to the Securities that (i) is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (ii) is a “road show that is a written communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i), whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (iii) is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Securities or of the offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g).
“Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is intended for general distribution to prospective investors (other than a “bona fide electronic road show” as defined in Rule 433), as evidenced by its being specified in Schedule B hereto.
“Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not an Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus.
“Statutory Prospectus” as of any time means the prospectus relating to the Securities that is included in the Registration Statement immediately prior to that time, including any document incorporated by reference therein and any preliminary or other prospectus deemed to be a part thereof.
Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its issue date and at all subsequent times through the completion of the public offer and sale of the Securities or until any earlier date that the issuer notified or notifies the Representatives as described in Section 3(e), did not, does not and will not include any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any document incorporated by reference therein and any preliminary or other prospectus deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified.
The representations and warranties in this subsection shall not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use therein.
(iii) Incorporated Documents. The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, when they became effective or at the time they were or hereafter are filed with the Commission, complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the 1933 Act and 1933 Act Regulations or the 1934 Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (the “1934 Act Regulations”), as applicable, and, when read together with the other information in the Prospectus, (a) at the time the Original Registration Statement became effective, (b) at the Applicable Time, and (c) at the Closing Time, did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.
(iv) Good Standing of the Company. The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Maryland and has the corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement; and the Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in each other jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except where the failure to so qualify would not result in a material adverse effect on the condition (financial or otherwise), business, earnings, properties, assets, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole (a “Material Adverse Effect”).
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(v) Good Standing of Subsidiaries. Each “significant subsidiary” of the Company (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Commission) (each a “Significant Subsidiary” and collectively, the “Significant Subsidiaries”), which includes, without limitation, the entities listed on Exhibit C attached hereto, has been duly incorporated or organized and is validly existing as a corporation or limited liability company, as the case may be, in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its formation with the power and authority (corporate and otherwise) to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Prospectus and is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the conduct of its business or its ownership or leasing of property requires such qualification, except where the failure to so qualify would not result in a Material Adverse Effect; except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, all of the issued and outstanding capital stock or other ownership interests of each of its subsidiaries has been duly authorized and validly issued, is fully paid and non-assessable and is owned by the Company or the Operating Partnership directly or through subsidiaries, free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance, claim or equity, none of the outstanding shares of capital stock of any subsidiary of the Company was issued in violation of the preemptive or similar rights of any securityholder of such subsidiary. As of the date of this Agreement, the only subsidiaries of the Company are (a) the subsidiaries listed on Exhibit C attached hereto, and (b) certain other subsidiaries which, considered in the aggregate as a single subsidiary, do not constitute a “significant subsidiary” as defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Commission.
(vi) Independent Accountants. Ernst & Young LLP, who audited the financial statements and supporting schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the 1933 Act and the 1933 Act Regulations.
(vii) Financial Statements. The financial statements and schedules, and any historical operating and financial data, including the notes thereto, filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement and included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus present fairly in all material respects the combined financial position of the entities presented therein, as of and at the dates indicated and the results of their operations and cash flows for the periods specified. Such financial statements and schedules have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) applied on a consistent basis through the periods specified, except as may be expressly stated in the related notes thereto. The financial statements of the businesses or properties acquired or proposed to be acquired, if any, included in, or incorporated by reference into, the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus present fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein, have been prepared in conformity with GAAP applied on a consistent basis and otherwise have been prepared in accordance with the applicable financial statement requirements of Rule 3-05 or Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X with respect to real estate operations acquired or to be acquired. In addition, any pro forma financial statements and the related notes thereto set forth in or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus present fairly the information shown therein, have been prepared in accordance with the Commission’s rules and guidelines with respect to pro forma financial statements and have been properly compiled on the basis described therein, and the assumptions used in the preparation thereof are reasonable and the adjustments used therein are appropriate to give effect to the transactions and circumstances referred to therein; other than as set forth therein, the Company is not required to include any financial statements or schedules or pro forma financial statements or schedules in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus under the 1933 Act or the 1933 Act Regulations or any document required to be filed with the Commission under the 1934 Act or the 1934 Act Regulations. All disclosures contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply with Regulation G of the 1934 Act and the 1934 Act Regulations and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the 1933 Act, to the extent applicable. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Time of Sale Information fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and is prepared in accordance with the Commission's rules and guidelines applicable thereto
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(viii) Absence of Certain Changes. Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except as otherwise stated therein: (i) the Company and its subsidiaries have not incurred any material liability or obligation, direct or contingent, nor entered into any material transaction not in the ordinary course of business; (ii) the Company has not purchased any of its outstanding capital stock, nor declared, paid or otherwise made any dividend or distribution of any kind on its capital stock other than ordinary and customary dividends, or as required to maintain the Company’s status as a REIT (as defined below); and (iii) there has not been any change in the capital stock or members equity, as applicable, (except pursuant to reservations, agreements or employee benefit plans referred to in the Prospectus) or material change in short-term debt or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
(ix) Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Significant Subsidiary has sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements included in the Prospectus any material loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree; and, otherwise than as set forth or contemplated in the Prospectus, since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, there has not been any Material Adverse Effect.
(x) Capitalization. The authorized, issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company conforms in all material respects to the description thereof under “Description of Our Capital Stock” and “Description of the Securities We May Offer”, and “Description of the Series I Preferred” as set forth in the Prospectus. The shares of capital stock outstanding prior to the issuance of the Securities to be issued by the Company hereunder have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable. None of the shares of capital stock outstanding prior to the issuance of the Securities to be issued by the Company hereunder was issued in violation of the preemptive or other similar rights of any securityholder of the Company.
(xi) Authorization of Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the Operating Partnership.
(xii) Binding Obligation. Assuming due authorization, execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Representatives, this Agreement is the legally valid and binding obligation of the Company and the Operating Partnership, enforceable against the Company and the Operating Partnership in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, and by general equitable principles, and except to the extent that the indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by U.S. federal or state securities laws and public policy considerations in respect thereof.
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(xiii) Authorization and Description of Securities. The Securities to be purchased by the Underwriters from the Company have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered by the Company in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims and the issuance of such Securities will not be subject to any preemptive or similar right. The certificates to be used to evidence the Securities will be in substantially the form filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, and will, as of the Closing Time, be in proper form and will comply in all material respects with all applicable legal requirements, the requirements of the charter and bylaws of the Company and the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange Inc. (the “NYSE”). No holder of the Securities will be subject to personal liability solely by reason of being such a holder. The Securities conform in all material respects to the description thereof as set forth in the Prospectus.
(xiv) Authorization of Common Stock Upon Conversion. The shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (“Common Stock”) issuable upon conversion of the Securities, if applicable, have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and such shares, when issued upon such conversion will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and will not be subject to any preemptive or similar rights and will be free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or claims.
(xv) Authorization of Preferred Units. The Preferred Units to be issued and outstanding at the Closing Time have been duly authorized and will be validly issued and fully paid and conform to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus in all material respects. None of the Preferred Units will be issued in violation of the preemptive or other similar rights of any securityholder in the Operating Partnership. There are no outstanding options, rights (preemptive or otherwise) or warrants to purchase or subscribe for Preferred Units or other securities of the Operating Partnership.
(xvi) Operating Partnership Managing Member. The Company is the sole managing member of the Operating Partnership. The limited liability company agreement of the Operating Partnership and the aggregate percentage interests of the Company and the members in the Operating Partnership conform to the description set forth in the Prospectus.
(xvii) Absence of Defaults and Conflicts. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in (i) violation of its organizational documents, or (ii) default (whether with or without the giving of notice or passage of time or both) in the performance or observance of any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any lease, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, operating agreement, property management agreement, franchise agreement, joint venture agreement or other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties may be bound, except in the case of clause (ii) to the extent that such default is disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. The issuance and sale of the Securities to be sold by the Company and the compliance by the Company and the Operating Partnership with all of the provisions of this Agreement and all other transactions herein contemplated by the Company or the Operating Partnership do not and will not: (A) conflict with, or result in any breach of, or constitute a default under nor constitute any event which (with notice, lapse of time, or both) would constitute a breach of or default or Repayment Event (as defined below) under (i) any provisions of the charter or bylaws or other organizational documents of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (ii) any provision of any license, lease, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan, credit, operating agreement, property management agreement, franchise agreement, joint venture agreement or other agreement or instrument to which any of them is a party or by which any of them or their respective properties or assets may be bound or affected, (iii) any law or regulation binding upon or applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or assets, or (iv) any decree, judgment or order applicable to the Company or any of its subsidiaries; or (B) result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge, claim or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, except in the case described in clause (B) of this sentence for liens, charges, claims and encumbrances in connection with certain indebtedness described in the financial statements referred to in Section 1(a)(vii) hereof. As used herein, a “Repayment Event” means any event or condition which gives the holder of any note, debenture or other evidence of indebtedness (or any person acting on such holder’s behalf) the right to require the repurchase, redemption or repayment of all or a portion of such indebtedness by the Company or any subsidiary.
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(xviii) Absence of Proceedings; Accuracy of Exhibits. There are no legal or governmental proceedings pending or, to the Company’s or the Operating Partnership’s knowledge, threatened to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective officers or directors is a party or to which any of the properties of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject (i) that are required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the documents incorporated therein and are not so described, or (ii) which might materially or adversely affect the consummation of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement. There are no affiliate transactions, off-balance sheet transactions, statutes, regulations, contracts, licenses, agreements, leases or other documents that are required to be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement that are not so described or filed as required.
(xix) Possession of Intellectual Property. The Company and its subsidiaries own, possess use rights, or can acquire on reasonable terms, all patents, patent rights, licenses, inventions, copyrights, know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures), trademarks, service marks, trade names or other intellectual property (collectively “Intellectual Property”) necessary to carry on the business now operated by them, except such as the failure to own, possess or be able to acquire on reasonable terms would not result in a Material Adverse Effect, and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of or is otherwise aware of any infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any Intellectual Property or of any facts or circumstances which would render any Intellectual Property invalid or inadequate to protect the interest of the Company or any of its subsidiaries therein, and which infringement or conflict (if the subject of any unfavorable decision, ruling or finding) or invalidity or inadequacy, singly or in the aggregate, would result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(xx) Absence of Further Requirements. No consent, approval, authorization or order of, or filing, registration or qualification with, any governmental body or agency or body or any court is required for the execution, delivery, performance or consummation by each of the Company and the Operating Partnership of its obligations under this Agreement, except such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders, filings, qualifications or registration as (i) have been obtained and made under the 1933 Act, or (ii) as may be required by the securities or Blue Sky laws of the various states.
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(xxi) Absence of Manipulation. Other than excepted activity pursuant to Regulation M under the 1934 Act, the Company and the Operating Partnership have not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that would constitute or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.
(xxii) Obligations to Issue Securities. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, and except for (A) the Common Stock, or other securities reserved for issuance in connection with the Company’s 2004 long-term incentive plan, as amended and restated effective November 1, 2019, and the Company’s senior management incentive plan described in the Prospectus (inclusive of stock options), (B) the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of currently outstanding shares of Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, and Series H Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, and (C) the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Stock, no shares of capital stock are reserved for any purpose. Except as described in the immediately preceding sentence, there are no outstanding (x) securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries convertible into or exchangeable for (at the election of the holder thereof) any capital stock, partnership interests, membership interests or other equity interests, as the case may be, in the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (y) options, rights (preemptive or otherwise) or warrants to purchase or subscribe for shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock or any other securities of the Company, or (z) obligations of the Company or any of its subsidiaries to issue any such securities, options, rights or warrants.
(xxiii) No Integration. There has been no sale, offer for sale, solicitation of an offer to buy or negotiation in respect of any security that would be integrated with the offering of the Securities in a manner that would require the registration of such securities under the 1933 Act.
(xxiv) Possession of Licenses and Permits. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has all necessary licenses, authorizations, consents and approvals and has made all necessary filings required under any U.S. federal, state or local law, regulation or rule, and has obtained all necessary authorizations, consents and approvals from other persons, required in order to conduct its business as described in the Prospectus, except to the extent that any failure to have any such licenses, authorizations, consents or approvals, to make any such filings or to obtain any such authorizations, consents or approvals would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of, in default under, or has received any notice regarding a possible violation, default or revocation of any such license, authorization, consent or approval or any U.S. federal, state, local or foreign law, regulation or rule or any decree, order or judgment applicable to the Company or any subsidiary that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(xxv) Title to Property. The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to, or a valid leasehold interest in, all real property described in the Prospectus as owned by them (the “Company Properties”), and good and marketable title to all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, security interests and defects except such as are described in the Prospectus or such as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries; and any Company Properties, buildings and equipment held under lease by the Company and its subsidiaries and described in the Prospectus are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases (such leases, the “Company Leases”) with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property and buildings by the Company and its subsidiaries. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in default under any of the Company Leases, relating to, or any of the mortgages or other security documents or other agreements encumbering or otherwise recorded against, the Company Properties that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries knows of any event, which but for the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default under any of such documents or agreements that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
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(xxvi) Title Insurance. Except as would not, in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company or its subsidiaries have either (i) an owner’s or leasehold title insurance policy, from a nationally recognized title insurance company licensed to issue such policy, on each Company Property that insures the fee or leasehold interest, as the case may be, in the Company Properties, which policies include only commercially reasonable exceptions, and with coverage in amounts at least equal to amounts that are generally deemed in the Company’s industry to be commercially reasonable in the markets where the Company’s Properties are located, or (ii) one or more lender’s title insurance policies insuring the lien of the mortgages encumbering the Company Properties with coverage, in the aggregate, equal to the maximum aggregate principal amount of indebtedness incurred by the Company or its subsidiaries and secured by the Company Properties.
(xxvii) Code Compliance. Each of the Company Properties complies with all applicable codes, laws and regulations (including, without limitation, building and zoning codes, laws and regulations and laws relating to access to the Company Properties), except for such failures to comply that would not, in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has knowledge of any pending or threatened condemnation proceeding, zoning change or other proceeding or action that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(xxviii) Environmental Laws. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect, (A) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any federal, state, local or foreign statute, law, rule, regulation, ordinance, code, policy or rule of common law or any judicial or administrative interpretation thereof, including any judicial or administrative order, consent, decree or judgment, relating to pollution or protection of human health, the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata) or wildlife, including, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to the release or threatened release of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances, petroleum or petroleum products (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) or to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials (collectively, “Environmental Laws”), (B) the Company and its subsidiaries have all permits, authorizations and approvals required under any applicable Environmental Laws and are each in compliance with their requirements, (C) there are no pending or threatened administrative, regulatory or judicial actions, suits, demands, demand letters, claims, liens, notices of noncompliance or violation, investigation or proceedings relating to any Environmental Law against the Company or any of its subsidiaries and (D) there are no events or circumstances that would reasonably be expected to form the basis of an order for clean-up or remediation, or an action, suit or proceeding by any private party or governmental body or agency, against or affecting the Company or any of its subsidiaries relating to Hazardous Materials or any Environmental Laws.
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(xxix) Absence of Labor Disputes. No material labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists, or, to the knowledge of the Company or the Operating Partnership, is imminent; and the Company and the Operating Partnership are not aware of any existing, threatened or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of any of their principal suppliers or contractors which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(xxx) Loans. The Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance with all of their mortgage loans and all covenants therein, financial and otherwise, except for such failures to comply (i) as are disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, or (ii) that would not in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(xxxi) Property Improvement Plans. The Company and each of its subsidiaries is in compliance with all property improvement plans required by franchisors, except for such failures to comply that would not, in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(xxxii) Investment Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is, or after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Securities and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Prospectus will be, required to register as an “investment company” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the “Investment Company Act”).
(xxxiii) Insurance. The Company and its subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as the Company believes are prudent and customary in the businesses in which they are engaged, and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business at a cost that would not be reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.
(xxxiv) REIT Qualification. The Company is organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and the Company’s proposed method of operations will enable it to satisfy the requirements for such qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code.
(xxxv) Material Contracts. Except as otherwise disclosed in any press release or filing made with the Commission, the Company and the Operating Partnership, as applicable, have not sent or received any communication regarding termination of, or intent not to renew, any of the material contracts or agreements referred to, described in or filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, including, without limitation, any ground lease, franchise agreement or management agreement with respect to the Company Property, and no such termination or non-renewal has been threatened by the Company or the Operating Partnership, as applicable, or, to the Company’s or the Operating Partnership’s knowledge, any other party to such contract or agreement.
(xxxvi) Internal Controls. The Company and its subsidiaries maintain and have maintained a system of internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15 under the 1934 Act and a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (D) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as described in the Prospectus, since the end of the Company’s most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (1) no material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated), and (2) no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company and its subsidiaries employ and have employed disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15 under the 1934 Act that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the 1934 Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer or officers and principal financial officer or officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.
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(xxxvii) Absence of Registration Rights. There are no persons with registration or other similar rights to have any securities included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement.
(xxxviii) Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Dodd-Frank Act. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or the Operating Partnership or any of the Company’s or the Operating Partnership’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act with which any of them is required to comply, including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications.
(xxxix) Independent Directors. (i) The members of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company are “independent directors” within the meaning of the listing standards and rules of the NYSE, and with respect to the Audit Committee, the Commission, (ii) all of the members of the Audit Committee are financially literate within the meaning of the listing standards and rules of the NYSE, and (iii) at least one member of the Audit Committee is an “audit committee financial expert,” within the meaning of Item 401(h) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the Commission.
(xl) ERISA Liabilities. The Company and the Operating Partnership, as applicable, do not have, and do not anticipate incurring, any liabilities under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, including the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (“ERISA”), or Section 4975 of the Code.
(xli) Plan Assets. The assets of the Company and its subsidiaries do not constitute “plan assets” of an ERISA regulated employee benefit plan.
(xlii) Tax Returns. The Company and its subsidiaries have filed all foreign, federal, state and local tax returns that are required to be filed or have requested extensions thereof, except where the failure so to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect, and have paid or made provision for the payment of all taxes required to be paid by them and any other assessment, fine or penalty levied against any of them, to the extent that any of the foregoing is due and payable, except for any such tax, assessment, fine or penalty that is currently being contested in good faith by appropriate actions and except for such taxes, assessments, fines or penalties the nonpayment of which would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect.
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(xliii) Proceeds. None of the proceeds received from the offering will be used to further any action in violation or contravention of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act of 2001 or otherwise violate or contravene the rules, regulations or policies of the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control.
(xliv) Registration of Securities. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the 1934 Act and on or prior to the Closing Time the Securities shall have been approved for listing on the NYSE, subject to official notice of issuance.
(xlv) Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. None of the Company, the Operating Partnership, any significant subsidiary of the Company, nor, to the knowledge of the Company or the Operating Partnership, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on their behalf or any of their subsidiaries has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made or taken an act in furtherance of an offer, promise or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment or benefit to any foreign or domestic government official or employee, including of any government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed an offense under the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom, or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law; or (iv) made, offered, agreed, requested or taken an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful or improper payment or benefit. The Company and its subsidiaries have instituted, maintain and enforce, and will continue to maintain and enforce, policies and procedures designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.
(xlvi) Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company, the Operating Partnership and each significant subsidiary of the Company are and have been conducted at all times in compliance in all material respects with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company, the Operating Partnership or any significant subsidiary of the Company with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, the Operating Partnership, and each significant subsidiary of the Company is threatened.
(xlvii) OFAC. None of the Company, the Operating Partnership or any significant subsidiary of the Company nor, to the knowledge of the Company, the Operating Partnership and each significant subsidiary of the Company, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or person acting on behalf of the Company, the Operating Partnership or any significant subsidiary of the Company is currently the subject or the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. government (including, without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”) or the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a “specially designated national” or “blocked person”), the United Nations Security Council (“UNSC”), the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury (“HMT”, or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, “Sanctions”), nor is the Company or any of its subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or target of Sanctions, including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan Syria and Crimea (each, a “Sanctioned Country”); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Securities hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject or target of Sanctions, (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, initial purchaser, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. For the past five years, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.
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(xlviii) Related Party Transactions. There are no business relationships or related party transactions involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any other person that are required to be described in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus that have not been described as required.
(xlix) Cybersecurity. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect or as otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus, (i) the Company and each of its subsidiaries’ information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases used to process, store, maintain and operate date, information and functions (collectively, “IT Systems”) are adequate for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with, the operation of the business of the Company and each of its subsidiaries as currently conducted, (ii) the Company and each of its subsidiaries have implemented and maintained controls, policies, procedures, and safeguards reasonably consistent with industry standards and practices, or as required by applicable regulatory standards, to maintain and protect their material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and data used in connection with their businesses, (iii) to the Company’s knowledge, there have been no breaches, violations, outages or unauthorized uses of or accesses to such IT Systems, except for those that (a) have been remedied without material cost or liability or (b) did not result in a duty to notify any regulator, and (iv) to the Company’s knowledge, the Company and each of its subsidiaries are presently in material compliance with all applicable laws, statutes and regulations and any judgments, orders or rules of any court, arbitrator or regulatory authority having lawful jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries, and any contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of such IT Systems.
(b) Officer’s Certificates. Any certificate signed by any officer of the Company or any of its subsidiaries and delivered to the Representatives or to counsel for the Underwriters shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to each Underwriter as to the matters covered thereby.
| Section 2. | Sale and Delivery to Underwriters; Closing. |
(a) Securities. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to sell to each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, and each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, agrees to purchase from the Company, at the price per share set forth on the Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus attached to Schedule B attached hereto less underwriter’s discounts and commissions of $0.7875 per share, the number of Securities set forth on Schedule A attached hereto opposite the name of such Underwriter, plus any additional number of Securities which such Underwriter may become obligated to purchase pursuant to the provisions of Section 10 hereof.
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(b) Payment. Payment of the purchase price for, and delivery of certificates for, the Securities shall be made at the offices of Latham & Watkins LLP, 355 South Grand Avenue, Los Angeles CA 90071-1560, or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Representatives and the Company, at 10:00 a.m. (Eastern time) on the third business day after the date hereof (unless postponed in accordance with the provisions of Section 10 hereof), or such other time not later than four business days after such date as shall be agreed upon by the Representatives and the Company (such time and date of payment and delivery being herein called “Closing Time”).
Payment shall be made to the Company by wire transfer of immediately available funds to a bank account designated by the Company against delivery to the Representatives for account of the Underwriters of certificates for the Securities to be purchased by them. It is understood that each Underwriter has authorized the Representatives, for its account, to accept delivery of, receipt for, and make payment of the purchase price for, the Securities, which it has agreed to purchase. Any of the Representatives, individually and not as representative of the Underwriters, may (but shall not be obligated to) make payment of the purchase price for the Securities to be purchased by any Underwriter whose funds have not been received by the Closing Time, but such payment shall not relieve such Underwriter from its obligations hereunder.
(c) Denominations; Registration. Certificates for the Securities shall be in such denominations and registered in such names as the Representatives may request in writing at least one full business day before the Closing Time. The certificates for the Securities will be made available for examination and packaging by the Representatives in The City of New York not later than 10:00 a.m. (Eastern time) on the business day prior to the Closing Time.
Section 3. Covenants of the Company. Each of the Company and the Operating Partnership, jointly and severally, covenants with each Underwriter as follows:
(a) Compliance with Securities Regulations and Commission Requests; Payment of Filing Fees. The Company, subject to Section 3(b), will comply with the requirements of Rule 430B and will notify the Representatives immediately, and confirm the notice in writing, (i) when any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or new registration statement relating to the Securities shall become effective, or any supplement to the Prospectus or any amended Prospectus shall have been filed, (ii) of the receipt of any comments from the Commission, (iii) of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or the filing of a new registration statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus or any document incorporated by reference therein or otherwise deemed to be a part thereof or for additional information, (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or such new registration statement or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus, or of the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceedings for any of such purposes or of any examination pursuant to Section 8(e) of the 1933 Act concerning the Registration Statement, and (v) if the Company becomes the subject of a proceeding under Section 8A of the 1933 Act in connection with the offering of the Securities. The Company will effect the filings required under Rule 424(b), in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8)), and will take such steps as it deems necessary to ascertain promptly whether the form of prospectus transmitted for filing under Rule 424(b) was received for filing by the Commission and, in the event that it was not, it will promptly file such prospectus. The Company will make every reasonable effort to prevent the issuance of any stop order and, if any stop order is issued, to obtain the lifting thereof at the earliest possible moment. If requested by the Representatives, the Company shall file the Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus attached to Schedule B attached hereto as an “issuer free writing prospectus” pursuant to Rule 433 prior to the close of business two business days after the date hereof.
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(b) Filing of Amendments and 1934 Act Documents. The Company will give the Representatives notice of its intention to file or prepare any amendment to the Registration Statement or new registration statement relating to the Securities or any amendment, supplement or revision to either any preliminary prospectus (including any prospectus included in the Original Registration Statement or amendment thereto at the time it became effective) or to the Prospectus, whether pursuant to the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act or otherwise, and the Company will furnish the Representatives with copies of any such documents a reasonable amount of time prior to such proposed filing or use, as the case may be, and will not file or use any such document to which the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters shall object (unless such document is required to be filed within such period pursuant to the 1934 Act or 1934 Act Regulations). The Company has given the Representatives notice of any filings made pursuant to the 1934 Act or 1934 Act Regulations within 48 hours prior to the Applicable Time; the Company will give the Representatives notice of its intention to make any such filing from the Applicable Time to the Closing Time and will furnish the Representatives with copies of any such documents a reasonable amount of time prior to such proposed filing and will not file or use any such document to which the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters shall object unless such document is required to be filed within such period pursuant to the 1934 Act or 1934 Act Regulations.
(c) Delivery of Registration Statements. The Company has furnished or will deliver to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters, without charge, conformed copies of the Original Registration Statement and of each amendment thereto (including exhibits filed therewith or incorporated by reference therein and documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein or otherwise deemed to be a part thereof) and conformed copies of all consents and certificates of experts, and will also deliver to the Representatives, without charge, a conformed copy of the Original Registration Statement and of each amendment thereto (without exhibits) for each of the Underwriters. The copies of the Original Registration Statement and each amendment thereto furnished to the Underwriters will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T promulgated by the Commission.
(d) Delivery of Prospectuses. The Company has delivered to each Underwriter, without charge, as many copies of each preliminary prospectus as such Underwriter reasonably requested, and the Company hereby consents to the use of such copies for purposes permitted by the 1933 Act. The Company will furnish to each Underwriter, without charge, during the period when the Prospectus is required to be delivered under the 1933 Act and the 1933 Act Regulations, such number of copies of the Prospectus (as amended or supplemented) as such Underwriter may reasonably request. The Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto furnished to the Underwriters will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T promulgated by the Commission.
(e) Continued Compliance with Securities Laws. The Company will comply with the 1933 Act and the 1933 Act Regulations and the 1934 Act and the 1934 Act Regulations so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Securities as contemplated in this Agreement and in the Prospectus. If at any time when a prospectus is required by the 1933 Act and the 1933 Act Regulations to be delivered in connection with sales of the Securities, any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which it is necessary, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters or for the Company, to amend the Registration Statement or amend or supplement the Prospectus in order that the Prospectus will not include any untrue statements of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading in the light of the circumstances existing at the time it is delivered to a purchaser, or if it shall be necessary, in the opinion of such counsel, at any such time to amend the Registration Statement or to file a new registration statement or amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to comply with the requirements of the 1933 Act or the 1933 Act Regulations, the Company will promptly prepare and file with the Commission, subject to Section 3(b), such amendment, supplement or new registration statement as may be necessary to correct such statement or omission or to comply with such requirements, the Company will use its commercially reasonable best efforts to have such amendment or new registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable (if it is not an automatic shelf registration statement with respect to the Securities) and the Company will furnish to the Underwriters such number of copies of such amendment, supplement or new registration statement as the Underwriters may reasonably request. If at any time following issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement (or any other registration statement relating to the Securities) or the Statutory Prospectus or any preliminary prospectus or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances prevailing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company will promptly notify the Representatives and will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission.
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(f) Blue Sky Qualifications. The Company will use its commercially reasonable best efforts, in cooperation with the Underwriters, to qualify the Securities for offering and sale under the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions as the Representatives may designate and to maintain such qualifications in effect for a period of not less than one year from the date hereof; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise so subject. The Company will also supply the Underwriters with such information as is necessary for the determination of the legality of the Securities for investment under the laws of such jurisdictions as the Underwriters may request.
(g) Rule 158. The Company will timely file such reports pursuant to the 1934 Act as are necessary in order to make generally available to its securityholders as soon as practicable an earnings statement for the purposes of, and to provide to the Underwriters the benefits contemplated by, the last paragraph of Section 11(a) of the 1933 Act.
(h) Use of Proceeds. The Company will use the net proceeds received by it from the sale of the Securities in the manner specified in the Prospectus under “Use of Proceeds.”
(i) 1934 Act; Listing. The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to effect the registration of the securities under the 1934 Act and the listing of the Securities on the NYSE.
(j) Restriction on Sale of Securities. During a period of 30 days from the date of this Agreement, the Company will not, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, (i) directly or indirectly, issue, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant for the purchase or sale of, or lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of, any additional shares of Preferred Stock or any securities that are substantially similar to the Preferred Stock, or file, or cause to be filed, any registration statement under the 1933 Act with respect to any of the foregoing, or (ii) enter into any swap or any other agreement or any transaction that transfers, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, the economic consequence of ownership of the Preferred Stock or such other securities, whether any such swap or transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of any Preferred Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. The foregoing sentence shall not apply to the Securities to be sold hereunder.
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(k) Reporting Requirements. The Company, during the period when the Prospectus is required to be delivered under the 1933 Act or the 1933 Act Regulations, will file all documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the 1934 Act and the 1934 Act Regulations within the time periods required by the 1934 Act and the 1934 Act Regulations. The Company will provide upon request a copy of such documents filed.
(l) Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Representatives, and each Underwriter represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Company and the Representatives, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 of the 1933 Act Regulations, or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405 of the 1933 Act Regulations, required to be filed with the Commission; provided, however, that prior to the filing of the Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus attached to Schedule B attached hereto, the Underwriters are authorized to use the information with respect to the final terms of the Securities in communications conveying information relating to this offering to investors. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Company and the Representatives is hereinafter referred to as a “Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.” The Company represents that it has treated or agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule 433 applicable to any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping.
(m) Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Company and its subsidiaries will use their best efforts to comply with all effective applicable provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
(n) Annual Report. The Company will furnish to its stockholders within a one year period an annual report (including a consolidated balance sheet and statements of income, stockholders’ equity and cash flow of the Company and its subsidiaries for such fiscal year, accompanied by a copy of the certificate or report thereon of nationally recognized independent certified public accountants).
(o) Transfer Agent. The Company will maintain a transfer agent and, if necessary under the jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company, a registrar for the Preferred Stock and Common Stock.
(p) Investment Company Act. The Company will take such steps as shall be necessary to reasonably ensure that neither the Company nor the Operating Partnership shall become an “investment company” as such term is defined under the Investment Company Act.
(q) REIT Treatment. The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to meet the requirements to qualify, for the taxable year ending December 31, 2021, for taxation as a REIT under the Code.
(r) Reservation of Common Stock. The Company will reserve the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Securities until such time as such shares of Common Stock have been issued or the Preferred Stock has been redeemed.
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Section 4. Payment of Expenses.
(a) Expenses. The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including (i) the preparation, printing and filing of the Registration Statement (including financial statements and exhibits) as originally filed and of each amendment thereto, (ii) the preparation, printing and delivery to the Underwriters of this Agreement, any Agreement among Underwriters and such other documents as may be required in connection with the offering, purchase, sale, issuance or delivery of the Securities, (iii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of the certificates for the Securities to the Underwriters, including any stock or other transfer taxes and any stamp or other duties payable upon the sale, issuance or delivery of the Securities to the Underwriters, (iv) the fees and disbursements of the Company’s counsel, accountants and other advisors, (v) the qualification of the Securities under securities laws in accordance with the provisions of Section 3(f) hereof, including filing fees and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters in connection therewith and in connection with the preparation of the Blue Sky Survey and any supplement thereto, (vi) the printing and delivery to the Underwriters of copies of each preliminary prospectus, any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus and of the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto and any costs associated with electronic delivery of any of the foregoing by the Underwriters to investors, (vii) the preparation, printing and delivery to the Underwriters of copies of the Blue Sky Survey and any supplement thereto, (viii) the fees and expenses of any transfer agent or registrar for the Securities, (ix) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to investor presentations on any “road show” undertaken in connection with the marketing of the Securities, if any, including, without limitation, expenses associated with the production of road show slides and graphics, fees and expenses of any consultants engaged in connection with the road show presentations, travel and lodging expenses of the Representatives and officers of the Company and any such consultants, and the cost of aircraft and other transportation chartered in connection with the road show, and (x) the filing fees incident to, and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters in connection with, the review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Securities, and (xi) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Securities on the NYSE.
(b) Termination of Agreement. If this Agreement is terminated by the Representatives in accordance with the provisions of Section 5, Section 9(a)(i), Section 9(a)(iii) or Section 11 hereof, the Company shall reimburse the Underwriters for all of their out-of-pocket expenses, including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters.
Section 5. Conditions of Underwriters’ Obligations. The obligations of the several Underwriters to purchase the Securities hereunder are subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company and the Operating Partnership contained in Section 1 hereof or in certificates of any officer of the Company or any of its subsidiaries delivered pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder, and to the following further conditions:
(a) Effectiveness of Registration Statement; Filing of Prospectus; Payment of Filing Fee. The Registration Statement has become effective and at the Closing Time no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall have been issued under the 1933 Act or proceedings therefor initiated or threatened by the Commission, and any request on the part of the Commission for additional information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of counsel to the Underwriters. A prospectus containing the Rule 430B Information shall have been filed with the Commission in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8) (or a post-effective amendment providing such information shall have been filed and become effective in accordance with the requirements of Rule 430B). The Company has paid the required Commission filing fees relating to the Securities within the time period required by Rule 456(a) of the 1933 Act Regulations and otherwise in accordance with Rule 457(o) of the 1933 Act Regulations.
(b) Opinion of Counsel for Company. At the Closing Time, the Representatives shall have received the opinion, negative assurance letter and tax opinion, dated as of Closing Time, of Latham & Watkins LLP, counsel for the Company, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A-1, A-2 and A-3. With respect to this section, Latham & Watkins LLP may state that its beliefs are based upon its participation in the preparation of the Registration Statement and Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto and review and discussion of the contents thereof, but are without independent check or verification, except as specified.
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(c) Opinion of Special Maryland Counsel for the Company. At the Closing Time, the Representatives shall have received the opinion, dated as of the Closing Time, of Venable LLP, special Maryland counsel for the Company, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B.
(d) Opinion of Counsel for Underwriters. At the Closing Time, the Representatives shall have received the opinion, dated as of the Closing Time, of O’Melveny & Myers LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives. With respect to this section, O’Melveny & Myers LLP may state that its beliefs are based upon its participation in the preparation of the Registration Statement and Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto and review and discussion of the contents thereof, but are without independent check or verification, except as specified.
(e) Officers’ Certificate. At the Closing Time, there shall not have been, since the date hereof or since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Prospectus or the General Disclosure Package, (i) any downgrading, nor shall any notice have been given of any intended or potential downgrading or of any review for a possible change that does not indicate the direction of the possible change, in the rating according any of the Company’s securities by any “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as such term is defined for purposes of Section 3(a)(62) of the 1934 Act, (ii) any adverse change, or any development involving a prospective adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, assets, business affairs, business prospects, or operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or in the fee, ground lease, and mortgage interests, in the properties which the Company and its subsidiaries will own and/or operate as of the Closing Time, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, which would be material to the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (iii) transactions or acquisitions entered into by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, other than those in the ordinary course of business which would reasonably be expected to be material to the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (iv) any dividend or distribution of any kind, declared, paid or made by the Company on any class of its capital stock, or (v) any change in the capital stock of the Company or the issued and outstanding membership units of the Operating Partnership or any increase in indebtedness of Company or any of its subsidiaries or in the indebtedness encumbering the properties which the Company and its subsidiaries will own and/or operate as of the Closing Time which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, and the Representatives shall have received a certificate of the President or a Vice President of the Company and of the chief financial or chief accounting officer of the Company, dated as of the Closing Time, to the effect that (a) the statements above are true and correct as of the Closing Time, (b) there has been no such material adverse change, (c) the representations and warranties in Section 1(a) hereof are true and correct with the same force and effect as though expressly made at and as of the Closing Time, (d) the Company has complied with all agreements hereunder and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Time, and (e) no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to their knowledge, contemplated by the Commission.
(f) Accountant’s Comfort Letter. At the time of the execution of this Agreement, the Representatives shall have received from Ernst & Young LLP a letter dated such date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.
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(g) Bring-down Comfort Letter. At the Closing Time, the Representatives shall have received from Ernst & Young LLP a letter, dated as of the Closing Time, to the effect that they reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished pursuant to subsection (f) above, except that the specified date referred to shall be a date not more than three business days prior to Closing Time.
(h) Chief Financial Officer’s Certificate. At the Closing Time, the Representatives shall have received a certificate signed by the Chief Financial Officer of the Company certifying as to the preparation, completeness and accuracy of certain financial and statistical data relating to the Company included in the Prospectus.
(i) Litigation Certificate. At the Closing Time, the Representatives shall have received a certificate signed by the General Counsel of the Company certifying as to litigation matters pertaining to the Company and the Operating Partnership.
(j) 1934 Act Registration; Approval of Listing. At the Closing Time, the Securities shall have been registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the 1934 Act and approved for listing on the NYSE, subject only to official notice of issuance.
(k) Series I Articles Supplementary. The articles supplementary to the Company’s charter establishing the terms of the Securities (the “Series I Articles Supplementary”) shall have been duly executed and filed by the Company with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland and the Series I Articles Supplementary shall be effective under the Maryland laws applicable to REITs.
(l) No Objection. FINRA shall not have raised any objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.
(m) Additional Documents. At the Closing Time, counsel for the Underwriters shall have been furnished with such documents and opinions as they may reasonably require for the purpose of enabling them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations or warranties, or the fulfillment of any of the conditions, herein contained; and all proceedings taken by the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters.
(n) Termination of Agreement. If any condition specified in this Section shall not have been fulfilled when and as required to be fulfilled, this Agreement may be terminated by the Representatives by notice to the Company at any time at or prior to the Closing Time, and such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except as provided in Section 4 and except that Sections 1, 6, 7 and 8 shall survive any such termination and remain in full force and effect.
Section 6. Indemnification.
(a) Indemnification of Underwriters. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, as such term is defined in Rule 501(b) of the 1933 Act Regulations (each, an “Affiliate”), its selling agents, employees, officers and directors, and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act as follows:
(i) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including the Rule 430B Information, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any preliminary prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or any “road show” (as defined in Rule 433) not constituting an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (a “Non-IFWP Road Show”) or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
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(ii) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, to the extent of the aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided that (subject to Section 6(d) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company; and
(iii) against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the fees and disbursements of counsel chosen by the Representatives), reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission, to the extent that any such expense is not paid under clauses (i) or (ii) above;
provided, however, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including the Rule 430B Information or any preliminary prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto); it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished in writing by or on behalf of the several Underwriters for inclusion in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto): the last paragraph on the cover page concerning delivery of the Securities; the fourth paragraph of text under the caption “Underwriting” concerning the terms of the offering by the Underwriters; and the first and second sentences of the eleventh paragraph of text under the caption “Underwriting” concerning certain stabilizing transactions by the Underwriters.
(b) Indemnification of Company, Directors and Officers. Each Underwriter severally agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act, against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in Section 6(a) above, as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including the Rule 430B Information or any preliminary prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto) or such preliminary prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment thereto).
(c) Actions against Parties; Notification. Each indemnified party shall give notice as promptly in writing to each indemnifying party of any action commenced against it in respect of which indemnity may be sought hereunder, but failure to so notify an indemnifying party shall not relieve such indemnifying party from any liability hereunder to the extent it is not materially prejudiced as a result thereof and in any event shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have otherwise than on account of this indemnity agreement. Upon the request of the indemnified party, the indemnifying party shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. In the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 6(a) above, counsel to the indemnified parties shall be selected by the Representatives, and, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 6(b) above, counsel to the indemnified parties shall be selected by the Company. An indemnifying party may participate at its own expense in the defense of any such action; provided, however, that counsel to the indemnifying party shall not (except with the consent of the indemnified party) also be counsel to the indemnified party. In no event shall the indemnifying parties be liable for fees and expenses of more than one counsel (in addition to any local counsel) separate from their own counsel for all indemnified parties in connection with any one action or separate but similar or related actions in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified parties, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever in respect of which indemnification or contribution could be sought under this Section 6 or Section 7 hereof (whether or not the indemnified parties are actual or potential parties thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim, and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.
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(d) Settlement without Consent if Failure to Reimburse. The indemnifying party shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify the indemnified party from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement of judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by Section 6(c), such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (ii) such indemnifying party shall have received notice of the terms of such settlement at least 30 days prior to such settlement being entered into, and (iii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.
Section 7. Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in Section 6 hereof is for any reason unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the aggregate amount of such losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses incurred by such indemnified party, as incurred, (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand from the offering of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement, or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and of the Underwriters on the other hand in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.
The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand in connection with the offering of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the total net proceeds from the offering of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Company and the total underwriting discount received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth on the cover of the Prospectus bear to the aggregate initial public offering price of the Securities as set forth on the cover of the Prospectus.
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The relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Underwriters on the other hand shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any such untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by the Underwriters and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.
The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 7 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this Section 7. The aggregate amount of losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses incurred by an indemnified party and referred to above in this Section 7 shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 7, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Securities underwritten by it and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason of any such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission.
No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the 1933 Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.
For purposes of this Section 7, each person, if any, who controls an Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act and each Underwriter’s Affiliates, selling agents, employees, officers and directors shall have the same rights to contribution as the Underwriter, and each director of the Company, each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company. The Underwriters’ respective obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 7 are several in proportion to the number of Securities set forth opposite their respective names in Schedule A hereto and not joint.
Section 8. Representations, Warranties and Agreements to Survive. All representations, warranties and agreements contained in this Agreement or in certificates of officers of the Company or any of its subsidiaries submitted pursuant hereto, shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or its Affiliates or selling agents, any person controlling any Underwriter, the Underwriters’ officers, employees or directors or any person controlling the Company, and (ii) delivery of and payment for the Securities.
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Section 9. Termination of Agreement.
(a) Termination; General. The Representatives may terminate this Agreement by notice to the Company and the Operating Partnership, at any time at or prior to the Closing Time: (i) if there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Prospectus (exclusive of any supplement thereto) or the General Disclosure Package, any material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business affairs or business prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, or (ii) if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the judgment of the Representatives, impracticable or inadvisable to market the Securities or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Securities, or (iii) if trading in any securities of the Company has been suspended or materially limited by the Commission or the NYSE, or if trading generally on the NYSE MKT LLC, the NYSE or in the Nasdaq Global Select Market has been suspended or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices for trading have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices have been required, by any of said exchanges or by such system or by order of the Commission, FINRA or any other governmental authority, or a material disruption has occurred in commercial banking or securities settlement, or (iv) a material disruption has occurred in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States, or (v) if a banking moratorium has been declared by either U.S. federal or New York authorities.
(b) Liabilities. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to this Section 9, such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except as provided in Section 4 hereof, and provided further that Sections 1, 6, 7 and 8 shall survive such termination and remain in full force and effect.
Section 10. Default by One or More of the Underwriters. If one or more of the Underwriters shall fail at the Closing Time to purchase the Securities which it or they are obligated to purchase under this Agreement (the “Defaulted Securities”), the Representatives shall have the right, within 24 hours thereafter, to make arrangements for one or more of the non-defaulting Underwriters, or any other underwriters, to purchase all, but not less than all, of the Defaulted Securities in such amounts as may be agreed upon and upon the terms herein set forth; if, however, the Representatives shall not have completed such arrangements within such 24-hour period, then:
(i) if the number of Defaulted Securities does not exceed 10% of the number of the Securities to be purchased on such date, each of the non-defaulting Underwriters shall be obligated, severally and not jointly, to purchase the full amount thereof in the proportions that their respective underwriting obligations hereunder bear to the underwriting obligations of all non-defaulting Underwriters, or
(ii) if the number of Defaulted Securities exceeds 10% of the number of the Securities to be purchased on such date, this Agreement shall terminate without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter.
No action taken pursuant to this Section shall relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of its default.
In the event of any such default which does not result in a termination of this Agreement, then the Representatives shall have the right to postpone the Closing Time, for a period not exceeding seven calendar days in order to effect any required changes in the Registration Statement or Prospectus or in any other documents or arrangements. As used herein, the term “Underwriter” includes any person substituted for an Underwriter under this Section 10.
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Section 11. Default by the Company. If the Company shall fail at the Closing Time to sell the number of Securities that it is obligated to sell hereunder, then this Agreement shall terminate without any liability on the part of any nondefaulting party; provided, however, that the provisions of Sections 1, 4, 6, 7 and 8 shall remain in full force and effect. No action taken pursuant to this Section shall relieve the Company from liability, if any, in respect of such default.
Section 12. Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if mailed or transmitted by any standard form of telecommunication. Notices to the Underwriters shall be directed to the Representatives at Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, 550 South Tryon Street, 5th Floor, Charlotte, North Carolina 28202, Attention: Transaction Management, Email: tmgcapitalmarkets@wellsfargo.com, at J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, 383 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10179, Attention: Investment Grade Syndicate Desk, Facsimile: (212) 834-6081 and at Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Attn: Syndicate, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, FL 33716, by telephone at (800) 248-8863, or by email at prospectus@raymondjames.com, and notices to the Company shall be directed to it at Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc., 200 Spectrum Drive, 21st Floor, Irvine, California 92618, attention of Legal Department, Fax: (949) 330-4090.
Section 13. No Advisory or Fiduciary Relationship. The Company and the Operating Partnership acknowledge and agree that (a) the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement, including the determination of the public offering price of the Securities and any related discounts and commissions, is an arm’s-length commercial transaction between the Company and the Operating Partnership, on the one hand, and the several Underwriters, on the other hand, (b) in connection with the offering contemplated hereby and the process leading to such transaction each Underwriter is and has been acting solely as a principal and is not the agent or fiduciary of the Company or the Operating Partnership, or their stockholders, creditors, employees or any other party, (c) no Underwriter has assumed or will assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company or the Operating Partnership with respect to the offering contemplated hereby or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether such Underwriter has advised or is currently advising the Company or the Operating Partnership on other matters) and no Underwriter has any obligation to the Company or the Operating Partnership with respect to the offering contemplated hereby except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement, (d) the Underwriters and their respective affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Company or the Operating Partnership, and (e) the Underwriters have not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the offering contemplated hereby and the Company and the Operating Partnership have consulted their own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent they deemed appropriate. Any review by the Representative or any Underwriter of the Company, the transactions contemplated hereby or other matters relating to such transactions will be performed solely for the benefit of the Representative or such Underwriter, as the case may be, and shall not be on behalf of the Company, as the case may be, or any other person.
Section 14. Integration. This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements and understandings (whether written or oral) among the Company, the Operating Partnership and the Underwriters, or any of them, with respect to the subject matter hereof.
Section 15. Parties. This Agreement shall each inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Underwriters, the Company and the Operating Partnership and their respective successors. Nothing expressed or mentioned in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any person, firm or corporation, other than the Underwriters, the Company and the Operating Partnership and their respective successors and the controlling persons and officers and directors referred to in Sections 6 and 7 and their heirs and legal representatives, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision herein contained. This Agreement and all conditions and provisions hereof are intended to be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Underwriters, the Company and the Operating Partnership and their respective successors, and said controlling persons and officers and directors and their heirs and legal representatives, and for the benefit of no other person, firm or corporation. No purchaser of Securities from any Underwriter shall be deemed to be a successor by reason merely of such purchase.
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Section 16. Patriot Act. In accordance with the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)), the Representatives are required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies its respective clients, including the Company, which information may include the name and address of its respective clients, as well as other information that will allow the Representatives to properly identify its respective clients.
Section 17. GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Section 18. TIME. TIME SHALL BE OF THE ESSENCE OF THIS AGREEMENT. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE SET FORTH HEREIN, SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME.
Section 19. Counterparts; Electronic Signatures. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same Agreement. The parties agree that this Agreement and any other document delivered in connection herewith may be electronically signed, that any digital or electronic signatures (including pdf, facsimile or electronically imaged signatures provided by DocuSign, AdobeSign, or other agreed upon digital signature provider) appearing on this Agreement or such other documents are the same as handwritten signatures for the purposes of validity, enforceability and admissibility to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act and any other applicable law, including, without limitation, any state law based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act or the Uniform Commercial Code, and that delivery of any such electronic signature to, or a signed copy of, this Agreement and such other documents may be made by facsimile, email or other electronic transmission.
Section 20. Effect of Headings. The Section headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.
Section 21. Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes.
(a) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity (as defined below) becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime (as defined below), the transfer from such Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.
(b) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity (as defined below) or a BHC Act Affiliate (as defined below) of such Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights (as defined below) under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.
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(c) For purposes of this Section 21, the following terms shall have the following meanings: (w) “BHC Act Affiliate” has the meaning assigned to the term “affiliate” in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k); (x) “Covered Entity” means any of the following: (i) a “covered entity” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b); (ii) a “covered bank” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or (iii) a “covered FSI” as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b); (y) “Default Right” has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable; and (z) “U.S. Special Resolution Regime” means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, please sign and return to the Company a counterpart hereof, whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts, will become a binding agreement among the Underwriters, the Company and the Operating Partnership in accordance with its terms.
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| Very truly yours, | ||
| SUNSTONE HOTEL INVESTORS, INC. | ||
| By | /s/ Bryan A. Giglia | |
| Name: Bryan A. Giglia | ||
| Title: Chief Financial Officer | ||
| SUNSTONE HOTEL PARTNERSHIP, LLC | ||
| By: | SUNSTONE HOTEL INVESTORS, INC., | |
| its Managing Member | ||
| By | /s/ Bryan A. Giglia | |
| Name: Bryan A. Giglia | ||
| Title: Chief Financial Officer | ||
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| WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC | ||
| By: WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC | ||
| By | /s/ Carolyn Hurley | |
| Authorized Signatory | ||
| J P. Morgan SECURITIEs LLC | ||
| By: J P. Morgan SECURITIEs LLC | ||
| By | /s/ Robert Bottamedi | |
| Authorized Signatory | ||
| Raymond James & Associates, Inc. | ||
| By: Raymond James & Associates, Inc. | ||
| By | /s/ Brad Butcher | |
| Authorized Signatory | ||
For themselves and as Representatives of the other
Underwriters
named in Schedule A hereto.
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SCHEDULE A
| Name of Underwriter | Number of Securities | |
| WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC | 1,600,000 | |
| J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC | 840,000 | |
| RAYMOND JAMES & ASSOCIATES, INC. | 760,000 | |
| PNC CAPITAL MARKETS LLC | 320,000 | |
| U.S. BANCORP INVESTMENTS, INC. | 320,000 | |
| ROBERT W. BAIRD & CO. INCORPORATED | 160,000 | |
| Total Number of Securities |
4,000,000 |
Schedule A-1
SCHEDULE B
GENERAL USE FREE WRITING PROSPECTUS
Final Pricing Terms dated July 13, 2021 Relating to Preliminary Prospectus Supplement dated July 13, 2021.
[Attached hereto]
Schedule B-1
Dated July 13, 2021
Filed Pursuant to Rule 433
Registration Statement No. 333-236538
Relating to Preliminary Prospectus Supplement
Dated July 13, 2021 to Prospectus Dated February 20, 2020
SUNSTONE HOTEL INVESTORS, INC.
5.70% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
(Liquidation Preference $25.00 per share)
FINAL PRICING TERMS
| Issuer: | Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc. |
| Title of Shares: | 5.70% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series I Preferred Shares”) |
| Number of Shares: | 4,000,000 shares |
| Over-allotment Option: | None |
| Maturity: | Perpetual (unless redeemed by the Issuer pursuant to its optional redemption right on or after July 16, 2026), or its special optional redemption right, or converted by an investor in connection with certain changes of control). |
| Trade Date: | July 13, 2021 |
| Settlement Date: | July 16, 2021 (T+3) |
| Dividend Rate: | 5.70% per annum of the $25.00 liquidation preference (equivalent to $1.4250 per annum per share) |
| Dividend Payment Dates: | January 15, April 15, July 15 and October 15, commencing October 15, 2021 |
Schedule B-2
| Conversion Rights: |
Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, holders of the Series I Preferred Shares will have the right (unless, prior to the Change of Control Conversion Date, the Issuer has provided or provides notice of its election to redeem the Series F Preferred Shares) to convert some or all of the Series I Preferred Shares held by such holder on the Change of Control Conversion Date (the “Change of Control Conversion Right”) into a number of the Issuer’s shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, per Series I Preferred Share to be converted equal to the lesser of:
l the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the sum of the $25.00 liquidation preference plus the amount of any accrued and unpaid dividends to, but not including, the Change of Control Conversion Date (unless the Change of Control Conversion Date is after a record date for a Series I Preferred Share dividend payment and prior to the corresponding Series I Preferred Share dividend payment date, in which case no additional amount for such accrued and unpaid dividend will be included in this sum) by (ii) the Common Share Price; and
l 4.1425, or the Share Cap, subject to certain adjustments; |
|
subject, in each case, to provisions for the receipt of alternative consideration, as described in the prospectus supplement.
If the Issuer has provided or provides a redemption notice, whether pursuant to the Issuer’s special optional redemption right in connection with a Change of Control or the Issuer’s optional redemption right, holders of Series I Preferred Shares will not have any right to convert the Series I Preferred Shares in connection with the Change of Control Conversion Right and any Series I Preferred Shares subsequently selected for redemption that have been tendered for conversion will be redeemed on the related date of redemption instead of converted on the Change of Control Conversion Date.
A “Change of Control” is when, after the original issuance of the Series I Preferred Shares, the following have occurred and are continuing:
l the acquisition by any person, including any syndicate or group deemed to be a “person” under Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, of beneficial ownership, directly or indirectly, through a purchase, merger or other acquisition transaction or series of purchases, mergers or other acquisition transactions of shares of the Issuer entitling that person to exercise more than 50% of the total voting power of all shares of the Issuer entitled to vote generally in elections of directors (except that such person will be deemed to have beneficial ownership of all securities that such person has the right to acquire, whether such right is currently exercisable or is exercisable only upon the occurrence of a subsequent condition); and
l following the closing of any transaction referred to in the bullet above, neither the Issuer nor the acquiring or surviving entity has a class of common securities (or American Depositary Receipts representing such securities) listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the NYSE American, LLC (“NYSE American”) or The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) or listed or quoted on an exchange or quotation system that is a successor to the NYSE, the NYSE American or Nasdaq.
The “Change of Control Conversion Date” will be a business day that is no less than 20 days nor more than 35 days after the date on which the Issuer provides the required notice of the occurrence of a Change of Control to the holders of Series I Preferred Shares.
The “Common Share Price” will be: (i) if the consideration to be received in the Change of Control by holders of the Issuer’s shares of common stock is solely cash, the amount of cash consideration per share of common stock, and (ii) if the consideration to be received in the Change of Control by holders of shares of common stock is other than solely cash, the average of the closing price per share of common stock on the 10 consecutive trading days immediately preceding, but not including, the effective date of the Change of Control. |
| Optional Redemption: | On and after July 16, 2026, the Issuer may, at its option, redeem the Series I Preferred Shares, in whole or in part at any time or from time to time, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends up to, but not including, the date of redemption (subject to the special optional redemption right described below). Any partial redemption will be on a pro rata basis or by lot. |
| Special Optional Redemption: | Upon the occurrence of a Change of Control, the Issuer may, at its option, redeem the Series I Preferred Shares, in whole or in part and within 120 days on or after the first date on which such Change of Control occurred, by paying $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends to, but not including, the date of redemption. If, prior to the Change of Control Conversion Date, the Issuer has provided or provides notice of redemption with respect to the Series I Preferred Shares (whether pursuant to the Issuer’s optional redemption right or its special optional redemption right), holders of Series I Preferred Shares will not have the conversion right described above. |
Schedule B-3
| Yield: | 5.70% |
| Public Offering Price: | $25.0000 per share |
| Purchase Price by Underwriters: | $24.2125 per share |
| Net Proceeds (before expenses): | $96,850,000 |
| Underwriting Discount: | $3,150,000 |
| Use of Proceeds: | The Issuer will contribute the net proceeds from this offering to its operating partnership in exchange for Series I preferred units, the economic terms of which are substantially similar to the Series I Preferred Shares. The operating partnership will subsequently use the net proceeds from this offering to fund the redemption of all or a portion of the outstanding shares of the Issuer’s 6.450% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock or for general corporate purposes. |
| Joint Book-Running Managers: |
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC J.P. Morgan Securities LLC Raymond James & Associates, Inc. |
| Joint Lead Managers: |
PNC Capital Markets LLC U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc. |
| Co-Managers: |
Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated |
| Listing/Symbol: | NYSE / “SHO PR I” |
| ISIN: | US8678928875 |
| CUSIP: | 867892 887 |
The Issuer has filed a registration statement (including a prospectus dated February 20, 2020 and a preliminary prospectus supplement dated July 13, 2021) with the SEC for the offering to which this communication relates. Before you invest, you should read the prospectus in that registration statement, the related preliminary prospectus supplement and other documents the Issuer has filed with the SEC for more complete information about the Issuer and this offering. You may get these documents for free by visiting EDGAR on the SEC Web site at www.sec.gov. Alternatively, the Issuer, any underwriter or any dealer participating in the offering will arrange to send you the prospectus and preliminary prospectus supplement if you request it by calling Wells Fargo Securities, LLC toll-free at 1-800-645-3751, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC collect at 212-834-4533, or Raymond James & Associates, Inc. at (800) 248-8863.
Schedule B-4
Exhibit 3.2
EIGHTH AMENDED AND RESTATED
LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT
OF
SUNSTONE HOTEL PARTNERSHIP, LLC
THIS EIGHTH AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT, dated as of July 16, 2021 of Sunstone Hotel Partnership, LLC (the “Company”), is entered into by Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc., as Managing Member (the “Managing Member”);
WHEREAS, the Company was formed by the filing of a certificate of formation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 29, 2004 by an authorized person of the Company;
WHEREAS, the Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of October 26, 2004, was amended and restated in its entirety by that certain First Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of March 17, 2005 (the “First Amended and Restated Agreement”);
WHEREAS, the First Amended and Restated Liability Company Agreement, dated as of March 17, 2005, was amended and restated in its entirety by that certain Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of July 8, 2005, as amended (the “Second Amended and Restated Agreement”);
WHEREAS, the Second Amended and Restated Agreement was amended and restated in its entirety by that certain Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of April 6, 2011, as amended (the “Third Amended and Restated Agreement”);
WHEREAS, the Third Amended and Restated Agreement was amended and restated in its entirety by that certain Fourth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2016, as amended (the “Fourth Amended and Restated Agreement”);
WHEREAS, the Fourth Amended and Restated Agreement was amended and restated in its entirety by that certain Fifth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2016, as amended (the “Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement”);
WHEREAS, the Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement was amended and restated in its entirety by that certain Sixth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of April 22, 2021, as amended (the “Sixth Amended and Restated Agreement”);
WHEREAS, the Sixth Amended and Restated Agreement was amended and restated in its entirety by that certain Seventh Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated as of May 24, 2021, as amended (the “Seventh Amended and Restated Agreement”);
WHEREAS, the Board of Directors and a duly authorized committee of the Board of Directors of the Managing Member each approved certain resolutions classifying and designating 4,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock (as defined in the charter of the Managing Member (the “Charter”)) as 5.70% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series I Preferred Stock”);
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WHEREAS, the Managing Member filed Articles Supplementary to the Charter (the “Series I Articles Supplementary”) with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on July 15, 2021, establishing a series of Preferred Stock, designated the Series I Preferred Stock;
WHEREAS, on July 16, 2021, the Managing Member issued 4,000,000 shares of Series I Preferred Stock;
WHEREAS, the Managing Member is the sole Managing Member of the Company and Sun SHP II, LLC is the sole Non-Managing Member of the Company, in each case, as set forth on Exhibit A hereto;
WHEREAS, the Members desire to continue the Company under the Act (as defined below) and to set forth their respective rights and duties relating to the Company on the terms as provided herein;
WHEREAS, the Managing Member, the sole Non-Managing Member and the Company believe it is desirable and in the best interest of the Company to amend and restate this Agreement as set forth herein; and
NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which is hereby acknowledged, the Managing Member and the sole Non-Managing Member, hereby amend and restate this Agreement in its entirety as follows:
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | ||
| Article I DEFINED TERMS | 1 | |
| Article II ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS | 14 | |
| Section 2.1 | Organization and Continuation; Application of Act | 14 |
| Section 2.2 | Name | 15 |
| Section 2.3 | Registered Office and Agent; Principal Office | 15 |
| Section 2.4 | Term | 15 |
| Article III PURPOSE | 15 | |
| Section 3.1 | Purpose and Business | 15 |
| Section 3.2 | Powers | 15 |
| Section 3.3 | Certain ERISA Matters | 16 |
| Article IV CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS; ISSUANCE OF UNITS; CAPITAL ACCOUNTS | 16 | |
| Section 4.1 | Capital Contributions of the Members | 16 |
| Section 4.2 | Issuances of Additional Membership Interests | 17 |
| Section 4.3 | No Preemptive Rights | 23 |
| Section 4.4 | Capital Accounts of the Members | 23 |
| Article V DISTRIBUTIONS | 25 | |
| Section 5.1 | Requirement and Characterization of Distributions | 25 |
| Section 5.2 | Amounts Withheld | 26 |
| Section 5.3 | Distributions Upon Liquidation | 26 |
| Article VI ALLOCATIONS | 26 | |
| Section 6.1 | Allocations for Capital Account Purposes Other than the Taxable Year of Liquidation | 26 |
| Section 6.2 | Allocations for Capital Account Purposes in the Taxable Year of Liquidation | 27 |
| Section 6.3 | Regulatory Allocation Rules | 28 |
| Section 6.4 | Allocations for Tax Purposes | 29 |
| Article VII MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION OF BUSINESS | 30 | |
| Section 7.1 | Management | 30 |
| Section 7.2 | Certificate of Formation | 33 |
| Section 7.3 | Restrictions on Managing Member’s Authority | 34 |
| Section 7.4 | Responsibility for Expenses | 34 |
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
| Page | ||
| Section 7.5 | Outside Activities of the Managing Member | 35 |
| Section 7.6 | Contracts with Affiliates | 36 |
| Section 7.7 | Indemnification | 37 |
| Section 7.8 | Liability of the Managing Member | 39 |
| Section 7.9 | Other Matters Concerning the Managing Member | 40 |
| Section 7.10 | Title to Company Assets | 41 |
| Section 7.11 | Reliance by Third Parties | 41 |
| Article VIII RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF NON-MANAGING MEMBERS | 42 | |
| Section 8.1 | Limitation of Liability | 42 |
| Section 8.2 | Management of Business | 42 |
| Section 8.3 | Outside Activities of Non-Managing Members | 42 |
| Section 8.4 | Return of Capital and Priority Among Members | 43 |
| Section 8.5 | Rights of Non-Managing Members Relating to the Company | 43 |
| Article IX BOOKS, RECORDS, ACCOUNTING AND REPORTS | 44 | |
| Section 9.1 | Records and Accounting | 44 |
| Section 9.2 | Fiscal Year | 44 |
| Section 9.3 | Reports | 44 |
| Article X TAX MATTERS | 45 | |
| Section 10.1 | Preparation of Tax Returns | 45 |
| Section 10.2 | Tax Elections | 45 |
| Section 10.3 | Tax Matters Member | 45 |
| Section 10.4 | Organizational Expenses | 47 |
| Section 10.5 | Withholding | 48 |
| Article XI TRANSFERS AND WITHDRAWALS | 48 | |
| Section 11.1 | Transfer | 48 |
| Section 11.2 | Transfer of Managing Member’s Membership Interest | 49 |
| Section 11.3 | Non-Managing Members’ Rights to Transfer | 50 |
| Section 11.4 | Substituted Non-Managing Members | 51 |
| Section 11.5 | Assignees | 52 |
| Section 11.6 | General Provisions | 52 |
| Article XII ADMISSION OF MEMBERS | 53 | |
| Section 12.1 | Admission of Successor Managing Member | 53 |
| Section 12.2 | Admission of Additional Non-Managing Members | 53 |
| Section 12.3 | Amendment of Agreement and Certificate | 54 |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
| Page | ||
| Article XIII DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION | 54 | |
| Section 13.1 | Dissolution | 54 |
| Section 13.2 | Winding Up | 55 |
| Section 13.3 | Capital Contribution Obligation | 56 |
| Section 13.4 | Compliance with Timing Requirements of Regulations; Allowance for Contingent or Unforeseen Liabilities or Obligations | 56 |
| Section 13.5 | Other Events | 57 |
| Section 13.6 | Rights of Non-Managing Members | 57 |
| Section 13.7 | Notice of Dissolution | 57 |
| Section 13.8 | Cancellation of Certificate | 57 |
| Section 13.9 | Reasonable Time for Winding-Up | 57 |
| Article XIV AMENDMENT OF AGREEMENT; MEETINGS | 58 | |
| Section 14.1 | Amendments | 58 |
| Section 14.2 | Meetings of the Members | 59 |
| Article XV GENERAL PROVISIONS | 60 | |
| Section 15.1 | Addresses and Notice | 60 |
| Section 15.2 | Titles and Captions | 60 |
| Section 15.3 | Pronouns and Plurals | 60 |
| Section 15.4 | Further Action | 61 |
| Section 15.5 | Binding Effect | 61 |
| Section 15.6 | Waiver of Partition | 61 |
| Section 15.7 | Entire Agreement | 61 |
| Section 15.8 | Securities Law Provisions | 61 |
| Section 15.9 | Remedies Not Exclusive | 61 |
| Section 15.10 | Time | 61 |
| Section 15.11 | Creditors | 61 |
| Section 15.12 | Waiver | 61 |
| Section 15.13 | Execution Counterparts | 61 |
| Section 15.14 | Applicable Law | 61 |
| Section 15.15 | Invalidity of Provisions | 61 |
| Section 15.16 | No Rights as Stockholders | 62 |
| Article XVI POWER OF ATTORNEY | 62 | |
| Section 16.1 | Power of Attorney | 62 |
| Article XVII SERIES F PREFERRED UNITS | 63 | |
| Section 17.1 | Designation and Number | 63 |
| Section 17.2 | Distributions | 63 |
| Section 17.3 | Liquidation Proceeds | 65 |
| Section 17.4 | Redemption | 65 |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
| Page | ||
| Section 17.5 | Conversion | 66 |
| Section 17.6 | Ranking | 66 |
| Section 17.7 | Voting Rights | 67 |
| Section 17.8 | Transfer Restriction | 67 |
| Section 17.9 | No Sinking Fund | 67 |
| Article XVIII series G preferred units | 67 | |
| Section 18.1 | Designation and Number | 67 |
| Section 18.2 | Distributions | 67 |
| Section 18.3 | Liquidation Proceeds | 68 |
| Section 18.4 | Redemption | 69 |
| Section 18.5 | Ranking | 70 |
| Section 18.6 | Voting Rights | 70 |
| Section 18.7 | Transfer Restriction | 70 |
| Section 18.8 | No Sinking Fund | 70 |
| Article XIX SERIES H PREFERRED UNITS | 70 | |
| Section 19.1 | Designation and Number | 70 |
| Section 19.2 | Distributions | 70 |
| Section 19.3 | Liquidation Proceeds | 72 |
| Section 19.4 | Redemption | 72 |
| Section 19.5 | Conversion | 73 |
| Section 19.6 | Ranking | 74 |
| Section 19.7 | Voting Rights | 74 |
| Section 19.8 | Transfer Restriction | 74 |
| Section 19.9 | No Sinking Fund | 74 |
| Article XX SERIES I PREFERRED UNITS | 74 | |
| Section 20.1 | Designation and Number | 74 |
| Section 20.2 | Distributions | 74 |
| Section 20.3 | Liquidation Proceeds | 76 |
| Section 20.4 | Redemption | 76 |
| Section 20.5 | Conversion | 77 |
| Section 20.6 | Ranking | 77 |
| Section 20.7 | Voting Rights | 78 |
| Section 20.8 | Transfer Restriction | 78 |
| Section 20.9 | No Sinking Fund | 78 |
EXHIBIT A MEMBERS, CONTRIBUTIONS AND MEMBERSHIP INTERESTS
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Article I
DEFINED TERMS
The following definitions shall be for all purposes, unless otherwise clearly indicated to the contrary, applied to the terms used in this Agreement.
“Act” means the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act, as it may be amended from time to time, and any successor to such statute.
“Additional Non-Managing Member” means a Person admitted to the Company as a Non-Managing Member pursuant to Section 4.2 and who is shown as such on the books and records of the Company.
“Adjusted Capital Account” means the Capital Account maintained for each Member as of the end of each Membership Year (a) increased by any amounts which such Member is obligated to restore pursuant to any provision of this Agreement or is deemed to be obligated to restore pursuant to the penultimate sentences of Regulations Sections 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5) and (b) decreased by the items described in Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(5), and 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(6). The foregoing definition of Adjusted Capital Account is intended to comply with the provisions of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.
“Adjusted Capital Account Deficit” means, with respect to any Member, the deficit balance, if any, in such Member’s Adjusted Capital Account as of the end of the relevant Membership Year.
“Adjusted Net Income” means for each taxable year (or portion thereof) of the Company, an amount equal to the Company’s Net Income or Net Loss for such fiscal year (other than any Net Income or Net Loss or items thereof allocated with respect to such year or other period prior to the allocation of Adjusted Net Income), computed without regard to the items set forth below, provided if the Adjusted Net Income for such fiscal year is a negative number (i.e., a net loss), then the Adjusted Net Income for that fiscal year shall be treated as if it was zero:
(a) Depreciation; and
(b) Net gain or loss realized in connection with the actual or hypothetical sale of any or all of the assets of the Company, including but not limited to net gain or loss treated as realized in connection with an adjustment to the Carrying Value of the Company’s assets in accordance with Section 4.4(d).
“Adjusted Property” means any property the Carrying Value of which has been adjusted pursuant to Section 4.4.
“Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Person. For purposes of this definition, “control” when used with respect to any Person means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise; and the terms “affiliated,” “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.
“Agreed Value” means (a) in the case of any Contributed Property set forth on Exhibit B and as of the time of its contribution to the Company, the Agreed Value of such property as set forth on Exhibit B; (b) in the case of any Contributed Property not set forth on Exhibit B and as of the time of its contribution to the Company, the 704(c) Value of such property or other consideration, reduced by any liabilities either assumed by the Company upon such contribution or to which such property is subject when contributed, and (c) in the case of any property distributed to a Member by the Company, the Company’s Carrying Value of such property at the time such property is distributed, reduced by any indebtedness either assumed by such Member upon such distribution or to which such property is subject at the time of distribution as determined under Section 752 of the Code and the Regulations thereunder.
“Agreement” means this Eighth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement and all Exhibits attached hereto, as the same may be amended, supplemented or restated from time to time.
“Assignee” means a Person to whom one or more Common Units have been transferred but who has not been admitted as a Substituted Non-Managing Member, and who has the rights set forth in Section 11.5.
“Available Cash” means, with respect to any period for which such calculation is being made, (a) all cash revenues and funds received by the Company from whatever source (excluding the proceeds of any Capital Contribution to the Company pursuant to Section 4.1) plus the amount of any reduction (including, without limitation, a reduction resulting because the Managing Member determines such amounts are no longer necessary) in reserves of the Company, which reserves are referred to in clause (b)(iv) below;
(b) less the sum of the following (except to the extent made with the proceeds of any Capital Contribution):
(i) all interest, principal and other debt payments made during such period by the Company,
(ii) all cash expenditures (including capital expenditures) made by the Company during such period,
(iii) investments in any entity (including loans made thereto) to the extent that such investments are not otherwise described in clauses (b)(i) or (ii), and
(iv) the amount of any reserve created or increase in reserves established during such period which the Managing Member determines are necessary or appropriate in its sole and absolute discretion.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Available Cash shall not include any cash received or reductions in reserves, or take into account any disbursements made or reserves established, after commencement of the dissolution and liquidation of the Company.
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“Bankruptcy”, as to any Person, shall be deemed to have occurred when (i) such Person commences a voluntary proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, (ii) such Person is adjudged as bankrupt or insolvent, or a final and nonappealable order for relief under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law now or hereafter in effect has been entered against such Person, (iii) such Person executes and delivers a general assignment for the benefit of such Person’s creditors, (iv) such Person files an answer or other pleading admitting or failing to contest the material allegations of a petition filed against such Person in any proceeding of the nature described in clause (ii) above, (v) such Person seeks, consents to or acquiesces in the appointment of a trustee, receiver or liquidator for such Person or for all or any substantial part of such Person’s properties, (vi) any proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect has not been dismissed within 120 days after the commencement thereof, (vii) the appointment without such Person’s consent or acquiescence of a trustee, receiver or liquidator has not been vacated or stayed within 90 days of such appointment, or (viii) an appointment referred to in clause (vii) is not vacated within 90 days after the expiration of any such stay.
“Book-Tax Disparities” means, with respect to any item of Contributed Property or Adjusted Property, as of the date of any determination, the difference between the Carrying Value of such Contributed Property or Adjusted Property and the adjusted basis thereof for Federal income tax purposes as of such date. A Member’s share of the Company’s Book-Tax Disparities in all of its Contributed Property and Adjusted Property will be reflected by the difference between such Member’s Capital Account balance as maintained pursuant to Section 4.4 and the hypothetical balance of such Member’s Capital Account computed as if it had been maintained strictly in accordance with Federal income tax accounting principles.
“Budget Act” means the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 and any Sections of the Code or regulations promulgated thereunder and with respect thereto, each as amended from time to time.
“Business Day” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York City are authorized or required by law to close.
“Capital Account” means the capital account maintained by the Company for each Member pursuant to Section 4.4.
“Capital Contribution” means, with respect to each Member, the total amount of cash, cash equivalents and the Agreed Value of Contributed Property which such Member contributes or is deemed to contribute to the Company pursuant to Section 4.1 or 4.2 and which are intended to be treated as a contribution to the Company pursuant to Section 721(a) of the Code.
“Carrying Value” means (a) with respect to a Contributed Property or Adjusted Property, the 704(c) Value of such property (or in the case of an Adjusted Property, the fair market value of such property at the time of its latest adjustment under Section 4.4(d)) reduced (but not below zero) by all Depreciation with respect to such Contributed Property or Adjusted Property charged to the Members’ Capital Accounts and (b) with respect to any other Company property, the adjusted basis of such property for Federal income tax purposes, all as of the time of determination. The Carrying Value of any property shall be adjusted from time to time in accordance with Section 4.4(d), and to reflect changes, additions or other adjustments to the Carrying Value for dispositions and acquisitions of Company Properties, as deemed appropriate by the Managing Member.
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“Cash Amount” means an amount of cash per Unit equal to the number of Units offered for redemption by the Redeeming Member (multiplied by the Unit Adjustment Factor) multiplied by the Value of a Common Share on the Valuation Date.
“Certificate” means the Certificate of Formation relating to the Company filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, as amended from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof and the Act.
“Charter” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Any reference herein to a specific section or sections of the Code shall be deemed to include a reference to any corresponding provision of future law.
“Common Share Rights” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(e).
“Common Shares” means the shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Managing Member.
“Common Units” means the Company’s Common Partnership Units, with the rights, priorities and preferences set forth herein.
“Company” means Sunstone Hotel Partnership, LLC, the limited liability company formed under the Act and any successor thereto.
“Company Property” means such interests in real property and personal property including, without limitation, fee interests, interests in ground leases, interests in joint ventures, interests in mortgages and Debt instruments as the Company may hold from time to time.
“Consent” means the consent or approval of a proposed action by a Member given in accordance with Section 14.1.
“Contributed Property” means each property or other asset (but excluding cash and cash equivalents), in such form as may be permitted by the Act contributed or deemed contributed to the Company. Once the Carrying Value of a Contributed Property is adjusted pursuant to Section 4.4, such property shall no longer constitute a Contributed Property, but shall be deemed an Adjusted Property for purposes of Section 4.4.
“Current Market Price” of Common Units shall mean the equivalent of the current market price of the Common Shares. The current market price of the Common Shares or any other class of stock or other security of the Managing Member or any other issuer for any day shall mean the last reported sales price, regular way, on such day, or, if no sale takes place on such day, the average of the reported closing bid and asked prices on such day, regular way, in either case as reported on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) or, if such security is not listed or admitted for trading on the NYSE, on the principal national securities exchange on which such security is listed or admitted for trading or, if not listed or admitted for trading on any national securities exchange, on the Nasdaq National Market (“NASDAQ”) or, if such security is not quoted on NASDAQ, the average of the closing bid and asked prices on such day in the over-the-counter market as reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (the “NASD”) or, if bid and asked prices for such security on such day shall not have been reported through the NASD, the average of the bid and asked prices on such day as furnished by any NYSE member firm regularly making a market in such security selected for such purpose by the Managing Member.
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“Debt” means, as to any Person, as of any date of determination, (a) all indebtedness of such Person for borrowed money or for the deferred purchase price of property or services, which purchase price is due more than six months after the date of placing such property in service or taking delivery and title thereto or the completion of such services, (b) all amounts owed by such Person to banks or other Persons in respect of reimbursement obligations under letters of credit, surety bonds and other similar instruments guaranteeing payment or other performance of obligations by such Person, (c) all indebtedness for borrowed money or for the deferred purchase price of property or services secured by any lien on any property owned by such Person, to the extent attributable to such Person’s interest in such property, even though such Person has not assumed or become liable for the payment thereof, (d) lease obligations of such Person which, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, should be capitalized and (e) all guarantees and other contingent obligations of such Person with respect to any liabilities or obligations of others that would be Debt of such others under the terms of this definition.
“Depreciation” means, for each fiscal year or other period, an amount equal to the Federal income tax depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction allowable with respect to an asset for such year or other period, except that if the Carrying Value of an asset differs from its adjusted basis for Federal income tax purposes at the beginning of such year or other period, Depreciation shall be an amount which bears the same ratio to such beginning Carrying Value as the Federal income tax depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction for such year or other period bears to such beginning adjusted tax basis; provided, however, that if the Federal income tax depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction for such year is zero, Depreciation shall be determined with reference to such beginning Carrying Value using any reasonable method selected by the Managing Member.
“Effective Date” means October 26, 2004.
“Events of Dissolution” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.1.
“Exchange Act” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.1(a)(2).
“ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
“Fifth Amended and Restated Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
“First Amended and Restated Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
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“Formation and Structuring Transactions” means the transactions outlined in Exhibit A to the Structuring and Contribution Agreement.
“Fourth Amended and Restated Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
“Holder” means either the Member or an Assignee owing a Membership Unit.
“Immediate Family” means, with respect to any natural Person, such natural Person’s spouse, parents, grandparents, descendants (including adopted children and step-children), nephews, nieces, brothers and sisters.
“Incapacity” or “Incapacitated” means (a) as to any individual Member, death, total physical disability or entry by a court of competent jurisdiction adjudicating him incompetent to manage his Person or his estate, (b) as to any corporation that is a Member, the filing of a certificate of dissolution, or its equivalent, for the corporation or the revocation of its charter, (c) as to any partnership that is a Member, the dissolution and commencement of winding up of the partnership, (d) as to any estate that is a Member, the distribution by the fiduciary of the estate’s entire interest in the Company, (e) as to any trust that is a Member, the termination of the trust (but not the substitution of a new trustee), or (f) as to any Member, the Bankruptcy of such Member.
“Incentive Plans” means Common Share or Unit incentive plans or other employee benefit plans established by, or for the benefit of the employees of the Managing Member, the Company or any Subsidiary of the Managing Member or the Company, including the Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan and the Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc. Senior Management Incentive Plan.
“Indemnitee” means (a) any Person made a party to a proceeding by reason of his status as (i) the Managing Member (including as a guarantor of any Membership Debt) or (ii) an officer of the Company or a director or officer of the Managing Member, and (b) such other Persons (including Affiliates of the Managing Member or the Company) as the Managing Member may designate from time to time, in its sole and absolute discretion.
“Investors Agreement” means the Investors Agreement dated as of October 26, 2004 by and among the Managing Member, SHI, Sunstone/WB IV, Sunstone/WB MB and WB Hotel.
“IRS” means the Internal Revenue Service.
“Junior Units” means any class or series of Membership Interests, including the Common Units, ranking, as to distributions or rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, or both, junior to the Series F Preferred Units, the Series G Preferred Units, the Series H Preferred Units and the Series I Preferred Units.
“Liquidating Transaction” means any sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or a related series of transactions that, taken together, results in the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company.
“Liquidator” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.2.
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“Managing Member” means Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and its successors as a Managing Member of the Company in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.
“Managing Membership Interest” means a Membership Interest held by the Managing Member (including any Membership Interest acquired by the Managing Member pursuant to Section 4.2 hereof) that is a Managing Membership Interest and includes any and all benefits to which the Managing Member may be entitled and all obligations of the Managing Member hereunder. A Managing Membership Interest may be expressed as a number of Membership Units. All Membership Units held by the Managing Member shall be deemed to be the Managing Member Interest.
“Member” means individually, the Managing Member or a Non-Managing Member, and “Members” means collectively, the Managing Member and the Non-Managing Members.
“Member Minimum Gain” means an amount, with respect to each Member Nonrecourse Debt, equal to the Company Minimum Gain that would result if such Member Nonrecourse Debt were treated as a Nonrecourse Liability, determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(3).
“Member Nonrecourse Debt” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(4).
“Member Nonrecourse Deductions” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(2), and the amount of Member Nonrecourse Deductions with respect to a Member Nonrecourse Debt for a Membership Year shall be determined in accordance with the rules of Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(2).
“Membership Interest” means an ownership interest in the Company representing a Capital Contribution by either a Non-Managing Member or the Managing Member and includes any and all benefits to which the holder of such a Membership Interest may be entitled as provided in this Agreement, together with all obligations of such Person to comply with the terms and provisions of this Agreement. There may be one or more classes or series of Membership Interests as provided in Section 4.2 or elsewhere in this Agreement. A Membership Interest may be expressed as a number of Membership Units. The Membership Interests represented by the Common Units, the Series F Preferred Units, the Series G Preferred Units, the Series H Preferred Units and the Series I Preferred Units are the only Membership Interests and each such type of Unit is a separate class of Membership Interest for all purposes of this Agreement.
“Membership Minimum Gain” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(2), and the amount of Membership Minimum Gain, as well as any net increase or decrease in Membership Minimum Gain, for a Membership Year shall be determined in accordance with the rules of Regulations Section 1.704-2(d).
“Membership Record Date” means the record date established by the Managing Member for the distribution of Available Cash pursuant to Section 5.1, hereof which record date shall be the same as the record date established by the Managing Member for a distribution to its shareholders of some or all of its portion of such distribution, and also means any record date established by the Managing Member in connection with any vote or consent of the Non-Managing Members pursuant to this Agreement.
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“Membership Unit” or “Unit” means a fractional, undivided share of the Membership Interests of all Members issued pursuant to Sections 4.1 and 4.2, including Common Units, the Series F Preferred Units, the Series G Preferred Units, the Series H Preferred Units and the Series I Preferred Units.
“Membership Year” means the fiscal year of the Company, which shall be the calendar year.
“Minimum Tax Distribution” means an amount per Membership Unit (other than Preferred Units) for each calendar quarter for each taxable year of the Company equal to the product of (i) the sum of (a) the greater of the highest marginal Federal income tax rate for such taxable year applicable to (x) individuals or (y) large, widely-held corporations and (b) the highest combined marginal state and local income tax rates for such taxable year for the state and city with the highest marginal income tax rates and (ii) the taxable income allocable to each Membership Unit for such calendar quarter as reasonably estimated by the Company.
“Net Income” means, for any taxable period, the excess, if any, of the Company’s items of income and gain for such taxable period over the Company’s items of loss and deduction for such taxable period. The items included in the calculation of Net Income shall be determined in accordance with Section 4.4. Once an item of income, gain, loss or deduction that has been included in the initial computation of Net Income is subjected to the special allocation rules in Sections 6.3 and 6.4, Net Income or the resulting Net Loss, whichever the case may be, shall be recomputed without regard to such item. To the extent any Adjusted Net Income has been allocated for a Member Year or other applicable period, the term Net Income for that year or other period shall thereafter refer to the remaining items of Net Income.
“Net Loss” means, for any taxable period, the excess, if any, of the Company’s items of loss and deduction for such taxable period over the Company’s items of income and gain for such taxable period. The items included in the calculation of Net Loss shall be determined in accordance with Section 4.4. Once an item of income, gain, loss or deduction that has been included in the initial computation of Net Loss is subjected to the special allocation rules in Sections 6.3 and 6.4, Net Loss or the resulting Net Income, whichever the case may be, shall be recomputed without regard to such item. To the extent any Adjusted Net Income has been allocated for a Partnership Year or other applicable period, the term Net Loss for that year or other period shall thereafter refer to the remaining items of Net Loss.
“New Securities” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(c).
“Non-Managing Member” means any Person named as a Non-Managing Member on Exhibit A, as such Exhibit may be amended from time to time, including any Substituted Non-Managing Member or Additional Non-Managing Member, in such Person’s capacity as a Non-Managing Member in the Company.
“Non-Managing Membership Interest” means a Membership Interest held by a Non-Managing Member representing a fractional part of the Membership Interests of all Non-Managing Members and includes any and all benefits to which such Non-Managing Member may be entitled and all obligations of such Non-Managing Member hereunder. A Non-Managing Membership Interest may be expressed as a number of Common Units.
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“Nonrecourse Built-in Gain” means, with respect to any Contributed Properties or Adjusted Properties that are subject to a mortgage or negative pledge securing a Nonrecourse Liability, the amount of any taxable gain that would be allocated to the Members pursuant to Section 6.4(b) if such properties were disposed of in a taxable transaction in full satisfaction of such liabilities and for no other consideration.
“Nonrecourse Deductions” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(1), and the amount of Nonrecourse Deductions for a Membership Year shall be determined in accordance with the rules of Regulations Section 1.704-2(c).
“Nonrecourse Liability” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.752-1(a)(2).
“Non-Restricted Transfer Date” means October 27, 2004 and each anniversary of such date (or the next succeeding Business Day if the anniversary falls on a non-Business Day).
“Notice of Redemption” means a Notice of Redemption substantially in the form of Exhibit C.
“Parity Preferred Unit” means any class or series of Membership Interests now or hereafter authorized, issued or outstanding expressly designated by the Company to rank on a parity with the Series F Preferred Units, the Series G Preferred Units, the Series H Preferred Units and the Series I Preferred Units with respect to distributions or rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company or both.
“Percentage Interest” means, as to any Member, its interest in the Company as determined by dividing the Common Units owned by such Member by the total number of Common Units then outstanding and as specified on Exhibit A, as such Exhibit may be amended from time to time. If the Company issues more than one class or series of Membership Interests, the interest in the Company among the classes or series of Membership Interests shall be determined as set forth in the amendment to this Agreement setting forth the rights and privileges of such additional classes or series of Membership Interest, if any, as contemplated by Section 4.2(c).
“Person” means an individual or a corporation, partnership, trust, unincorporated organization, association, limited liability company, estate or other entity.
“Plan Asset Regulation” means the regulations promulgated by the United States Department of Labor in Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 2510, Section 101.3, and any successor regulations thereto.
“Preferred Distribution Shortfall” means, with respect to any Membership Interests that are entitled to any preference in distributions of Available Cash pursuant to this Agreement, the aggregate amount of the required distributions for such outstanding Membership Interests for all prior distribution periods minus the aggregate amount of the distribution made with respect to such outstanding Membership Interests pursuant to this Agreement.
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“Preferred Shares” means the shares of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Managing Member, including the Series F Preferred Shares, the Series G Preferred Shares, the Series H Preferred Shares and the Series I Preferred Shares.
“Preferred Units” means any class or series of Membership Units that is designated as having preferential rights with respect to distributions as provided herein, and includes without limitation the Series F Preferred Units, the Series G Preferred Units, the Series H Preferred Shares and the Series I Preferred Units.
“Qualified REIT Subsidiary” means any Subsidiary of the Managing Member that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary” within the meaning of Section 856(i) of the Code. As of the date hereof, there are no Qualified REIT Subsidiaries.
“Recapture Income” means any gain recognized by the Company (computed without regard to any adjustment required by Section 734 or Section 743 of the Code) upon the disposition of any property or asset of the Company, which gain is characterized as ordinary income because it represents the recapture of deductions previously taken with respect to such property or asset.
“Recourse Liabilities” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.752-1(a)(1).
“Redeeming Member” shall have the meaning as set forth in Section 4.2(e)(1).
“Redemption Right” shall have the meaning as set forth in Section 4.2(e)(1).
“Regulations” means the Income Tax Regulations promulgated under the Code, as such regulations may be amended from time to tune (including corresponding provisions of succeeding regulations).
“REIT” means a real estate investment trust under Section 856 of the Code.
“REIT Requirements” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.
“Residual Gain” or “Residual Loss” means any item of gain or loss, as the case may be, of the Company recognized for Federal income tax purposes resulting from a sale, exchange or other disposition of Contributed Property or Adjusted Property, to the extent such item of gain or loss is not allocated pursuant to Section 6.4(b)(1)(i) or 6.4(b)(2)(i) to eliminate Book-Tax Disparities.
“Second Amended and Restated Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
“Securities Act” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(e)(4).
“Series F Articles Supplementary” means the Articles Supplementary of the Managing Member in connection with its Series F Preferred Shares, as filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on May 16, 2016.
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“Series F Preferred Shares” means shares of 6.450% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, of the Managing Member.
“Series F Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 17.2(a).
“Series F Preferred Units” means the Company’s 6.450% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Partnership Units, with the rights, priorities and preferences set forth herein.
“Series F Priority Return” means an amount equal to 6.450% per annum on the stated value of $25.00 per Series F Preferred Unit (equivalent to the fixed annual amount of $1.6125 per Series F Preferred Unit), commencing on the date of issuance of such Series F Preferred Unit. For any partial quarterly period, the amount of Series F Priority Return shall be prorated and computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months.
“Series G Articles Supplementary” means the Articles Supplementary of the Managing Member in connection with its Series G Preferred Shares, as filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on April 22, 2021.
“Series G Preferred Shares” means shares of Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, of the Managing Member.
“Series G Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 18.2(a).
“Series G Preferred Units” means the Company’s Series G Cumulative Redeemable Partnership Units, with the rights, priorities and preferences set forth herein.
“Series G Priority Return” means an amount equal to the amount of accrued dividends on the Series G Preferred Shares pursuant to the Series G Articles Supplementary. For any partial semiannual period, the amount of Series G Priority Return shall be prorated and computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months.
“Series H Articles Supplementary” means the Articles Supplementary of the Managing Member in connection with its Series H Preferred Shares, as filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on May 19, 2021.
“Series H Preferred Shares” means shares of 6.125% Series H Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, of the Managing Member.
“Series H Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 19.2(a).
“Series H Preferred Units” means the Company’s 6.125% Series H Cumulative Redeemable Partnership Units, with the rights, priorities and preferences set forth herein.
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“Series H Priority Return” means an amount equal to 6.125% per annum on the stated value of $25.00 per Series H Preferred Unit (equivalent to the fixed annual amount of $1.53125 per Series I Preferred Unit), commencing on the date of issuance of such Series H Preferred Unit. For any partial quarterly period, the amount of Series I Priority Return shall be prorated and computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months.
“Series I Articles Supplementary” means the Articles Supplementary of the Managing Member in connection with its Series I Preferred Shares, as filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on July 15, 2021.
“Series I Preferred Shares” means shares of 5.70% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, liquidation preference $25.00 per share, of the Managing Member.
“Series I Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 20.2(a).
“Series I Preferred Units” means the Company’s 5.70% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Partnership Units, with the rights, priorities and preferences set forth herein.
“Series I Priority Return” means an amount equal to 5.70% per annum on the stated value of $25.00 per Series I Preferred Unit (equivalent to the fixed annual amount of $1.4250 per Series I Preferred Unit), commencing on the date of issuance of such Series I Preferred Unit. For any partial quarterly period, the amount of Series I Priority Return shall be prorated and computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months.
“Seventh Amended and Restated Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
“704(c) Value” of any Contributed Property means the value of such property as set forth on Exhibit B, or if no value is set forth on Exhibit B, the fair market value of such property or other consideration at the time of contribution as determined by the Managing Member using such reasonable method of valuation as it may adopt. Subject to Section 4.4, the Managing Member shall use such method as it deems reasonable and appropriate to allocate the aggregate of the 704(c) Value of Contributed Properties among each separate property on a basis proportional to its fair market value.
“Shares” means any Common Shares, of any class, and Preferred Shares issued to a Non-Managing Member pursuant to Section 4.2(e).
“Shares Amount” shall mean a number of Common Shares equal to the number of Units offered for redemption by a Redeeming Member, multiplied by the Unit Adjustment Factor.
“SHI” means Sunstone Hotel Investors, L.L.C.
“Sixth Amended and Restated Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
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“Specified Redemption Date” means the tenth Business Day after receipt by the Managing Member of a Notice of Redemption.
“Structuring and Contribution Agreement” means the Structuring and Contribution Agreement, dated as of July 2, 2004, by and among the Company, the Managing Member and the other parties thereto.
“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation or other entity of which a majority of (a) the voting power of the voting equity securities or (b) the outstanding equity interests is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person.
“Substituted Non-Managing Member” means a Person who is admitted as a Non-Managing Member to the Company pursuant to Section 11.4.
“Sunstone/WB MB” means Sunstone/WB Manhattan Beach, L.L.C.
“Sunstone/WBIV” means Sunstone/WB Hotel Investors IV, L.L.C..
“Tendered Units” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(e)(1).
“Third Amended and Restated Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
“Transaction” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.2(c).
“Unit Adjustment Factor” means initially 1.0, unless provided otherwise in an exhibit hereto setting forth rights, preferences and obligations with respect to any specific class or series of Membership Units issued after the date hereof, provided, however, that in the event that the Managing Member (a) declares or pays a dividend on its outstanding Common Shares in Common Shares or makes a distribution to all holders of its outstanding Common Shares in Common Shares, (b) subdivides its outstanding Common Shares, or (c) combines its outstanding Common Shares into a smaller number of Common Shares, the Unit Adjustment Factor, as applicable, shall be adjusted by multiplying the Unit Adjustment Factor by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of Common Shares issued and outstanding on the record date (assuming for such purposes that such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination has occurred as of such time), and the denominator of which shall be the actual number of Common Shares (determined without the above assumption) issued and outstanding on the record date for such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination. Any adjustment to the Unit Adjustment Factor shall become effective immediately after the effective date of such event retroactive to the record date, if any, for such event. Any adjustment to the Unit Adjustment Factor shall be carried forward to successive adjustments.
“Unrealized Gain” attributable to any item of Company Property means, as of any date of determination, the excess, if any, of (a) the fair market value of such property (as determined under Section 4.4) as of such date, over (b) the Carrying Value of such property (prior to any adjustment to be made pursuant to Section 4.4) as of such date.
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“Unrealized Loss” attributable to any item of Company Property means, as of any date of determination, the excess, if any, of (a) the Carrying Value of such property (prior to any adjustment to be made pursuant to Section 4.4) as of such date, over (b) the fair market value of such property (as determined under Section 4.4) as of such date.
“Valuation Date” means the date of receipt by the Managing Member of a Notice of Redemption or, if such date is not a Business Day, the first Business Day thereafter.
“Value” means, with respect to a Common Share, of any class, the average of the daily market price for the twenty (20) consecutive trading days immediately preceding the Valuation Date. The market price for each such trading day shall be: (a) if the Common Shares are listed or admitted to trading on any securities exchange or the NASDAQ-National Market System, the closing price, regular way, on such day, or if no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices on such day; (b) if the Common Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any securities exchange or the NASDAQ-National Market System, the last reported sale price on such day or, if no sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices on such day, as reported by a reliable quotation source designated by the Managing Member; or (c) if the Common Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any securities exchange or the NASDAQ-National Market System and no such last reported sale price or closing bid and asked prices are available, the average of the reported high bid and low asked prices on such day, as reported by a reliable quotation source designated by the Managing Member, or if there shall be no bid and asked prices on such day, the average of the high bid and low asked prices, as so reported, on the most recent day (not more than 20 days prior to the date in question) for which prices have been so reported; provided, however, that if there are no bid and asked prices reported during the 20 days prior to the date in question, the Value of the Common Shares shall be determined by the Managing Member acting in good faith on the basis of such quotations and other information as it considers, in its judgment, appropriate. In the event a holder of Common Shares, of any class, would be entitled to receive Common Share Rights, then the Value of such Common Share Rights shall be determined by the Managing Member acting in good faith on the basis of such quotations and other information as it considers, in its reasonable judgment, appropriate.
“WB Hotel” means WB Hotel Investors, L.L.C.
Article II
ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS
Section 2.1 Organization and Continuation; Application of Act.
(a) Organization and Continuation of Company. The Managing Member and the Non-Managing Members do hereby continue the Company as a limited liability company according to all of the terms and provisions of this Agreement and otherwise in accordance with the Act. The Managing Member is the sole Managing Member and the Non-Managing Members are the sole Non-Managing Members of the Company.
(b) Application of Act. The Company is a limited liability company subject to the provisions of the Act and the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. Except as expressly provided herein to the contrary, the rights and obligations of the Members and the administration and termination of the Company shall be governed by the Act. No Member has any interest in any Company Property and the Membership Interests of each Member shall be personal property for all purposes.
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Section 2.2 Name. The name of the Company is Sunstone Hotel Partnership, LLC. The Company’s business may be conducted under any other name or names deemed advisable by the Managing Member, including the name of the Managing Member or any Affiliate thereof. The words “limited liability company” or “LLC” or similar words or letters shall be included in the Company’s name where necessary for the purposes of complying with the laws of any jurisdiction that so requires. The Managing Member in its sole and absolute discretion may change the name of the Company at any time and from time to time and shall notify the Non-Managing Members of such change in the next regular communication to the Non-Managing Members.
Section 2.3 Registered Office and Agent; Principal Office. The address of the registered office of the Company in the State of Delaware is located c/o National Registered Agents, Inc., 160 Greentree Drive, Suite 101, Dover, Delaware 19904 and the registered agent for service of process on the Company in the State of Delaware at such registered office is National Registered Agents, Inc. The principal office of the Company is located at 120 Vantis, Suite 350, Aliso Viejo, California 92656, or such other place as the Managing Member may from time to time designate by notice to the Non-Managing Members. The Company may maintain offices at such other place or places within or outside the State of Delaware as the Managing Member deems advisable.
Section 2.4 Term. The term of the Company shall continue until dissolved pursuant to the provisions of Article XIII or as otherwise provided by law.
Article III
PURPOSE
Section 3.1 Purpose and Business. The purpose and nature of the business to be conducted by the Company is (a) to conduct any business that may be lawfully conducted by a limited liability company organized pursuant to the Act, provided, however, that as long as the Managing Member has determined to continue to qualify as a REIT, such business shall be limited to and conducted in such a manner as to permit the Managing Member at all times to be classified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, unless the Managing Member ceases to qualify as a REIT for reasons other than the conduct of the business of the Company, (b) to enter into any partnership, joint venture or other similar arrangement to engage in any of the foregoing or the ownership of interests in any entity engaged in any of the foregoing and (c) to do anything necessary or incidental to the foregoing which, in each case, is not in breach of this Agreement.
Section 3.2 Powers. The Company is empowered to do any and all acts and things necessary, appropriate, proper, advisable, incidental to or convenient for the furtherance and accomplishment of the purposes and business described herein and for the protection and benefit of the Company including, without limitation, full power and authority, directly or through its ownership interest in other entities, to enter into, perform and carry out contracts of any kind, borrow money and issue evidences of indebtedness, whether or not secured by mortgage, deed of trust, pledge or other lien, acquire, own, manage, improve and develop real property, and lease, sell, transfer and dispose of real property; provided, however, that as long as the Managing Member has determined to continue to qualify as a REIT, the Company shall not take, or refrain from taking, any action which, in the judgment of the Managing Member, in its sole and absolute discretion, (i) could adversely affect the ability of the Managing Member to continue to qualify as a REIT, (ii) could subject the Managing Member to any taxes under Section 857 or Section 4981 of the Code or (iii) could violate any law or regulation of any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over the Managing Member or its securities, unless any such action (or inaction) under (i), (ii) or (iii) shall have been specifically consented to by the Managing Member in writing.
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Section 3.3 Certain ERISA Matters. The Managing Member may structure the investments in, relationships with and conduct with respect to Company Properties and any other assets of the Company so that each of the Managing Member and the Company will qualify as a “real estate operating company” (as such term is defined in the Plan Asset Regulation).
Article IV
CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS;
ISSUANCE OF UNITS; CAPITAL ACCOUNTS
Section 4.1 Capital Contributions of the Members.
(a) Initial Capital Contributions. The Members have made the Capital Contributions set forth in Exhibit A to this Agreement as amended from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof. The Members own Membership Units in the amounts set forth on Exhibit A and have Percentage Interests in the Company as set forth on Exhibit A, which Percentage Interests shall be adjusted on Exhibit A from time to time by the Managing Member to the extent necessary to reflect accurately redemptions, conversions, Capital Contributions, the issuance of additional Membership Units or similar events having an effect on any Percentage Interest. The ownership of Membership Units may be evidenced by a form of certificate for units designated by the Managing Member; provided, however, that the Managing Member may provide that some or all of any or all classes or series of the Membership Units shall be uncertificated. Each certificate for Membership Units shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified. Certificates of Membership Units shall be signed by or in the name of the Company by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company or the Managing Member. Where a certificate is countersigned by a transfer agent, other than the Company or an employee of the Company or the Managing Member, or by a registrar, the signatures of one or more officers of the Company or the Managing Member may be facsimiles. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, the certificate may be issued by the Company or the Managing Member with the same effect as if such officer, transfer agent or registrar were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of its issue.
(b) Additional Capital Contributions.
(1) No Member shall be assessed or, except as provided for in Section 4.1(b)(2) and except for any such amounts which a Non-Managing Member may be obligated to repay under Section 10.5, be required to contribute additional funds or other property to the Company. Any additional funds or other property required by the Company, as determined by the Managing Member in its sole discretion, may, at the option of the Managing Member and without an obligation to do so (except as provided for in Section 4.1(b)(2)), be contributed by the Managing Member as additional Capital Contributions. If and as the Managing Member or any other Member makes additional Capital Contributions to the Company, each such Member shall receive additional Membership Units as provided for in Section 4.2.
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(2) Except to the extent provided in Section 7.5 below relating to interests in Company Properties held directly by the Company or through Subsidiaries, the net proceeds of any and all funds raised by or through the Managing Member through the issuance of additional Shares of the Managing Member shall be contributed to the Company as additional Capital Contributions, and in such event the Managing Member shall be issued additional Membership Units pursuant to Section 4.2 below.
(c) Return of Capital Contributions. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Capital Contribution of each Member will be returned to that Member only in the manner and to the extent provided in Article V and Article XIII hereof, and no Member may withdraw from the Company or otherwise have any right to demand or receive the return of its Capital Contribution to the Company (as such), except as specifically provided herein. Under circumstances requiring a return of any Capital Contribution, no Member shall have the right to receive property other than cash, except as specifically provided herein. No Member shall be entitled to interest on any Capital Contribution or Capital Account notwithstanding any disproportion therein as between the Members. Except as specifically provided herein, the Managing Member shall not be liable for the return of any portion of the Capital Contribution of any Non-Managing Member, and the return of such Capital Contributions shall be made solely from Company assets.
(d) Liability of Members. No Member shall have any further personal liability to contribute money to, or in respect of, the liabilities or the obligations of the Company, nor shall any Member be personally liable for any obligations of the Company, except as otherwise provided in this Article IV or in the Act.
Section 4.2 Issuances of Additional Membership Interests.
(a) Issuance to Other Than the Managing Member. The Managing Member is hereby authorized to cause the Company to issue such additional Membership Interests in the form of Membership Units for any Company purpose at any time or from time to time, to the Members (other than issuances to the Managing Member, which issuances are governed by Section 4.2(b) and Section 4.2(c)) or to other Persons for such consideration and on such terms and conditions as shall be established by the Managing Member in its sole and absolute discretion, all without the approval of any Non-Managing Members except to the extent provided herein; provided, however, that the Company also may from time to time issue to third parties additional Membership Interests (other than any such issuance to the Managing Member which is governed by Sections 4.2(b) and 4.2(c)) in one or more classes, or one or more series of any of such classes, with such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including voting powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions senior to Non-Managing Membership Interests, as may be set forth in an exhibit hereto or other amendment hereof from time to time, subject to Delaware law, including, without limitation, with respect to (i) the allocations of items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit to each such class or series of Membership Interests, (ii) the right of each such class or series of Membership Interests to share in distributions, and (iii) the rights of each such class or series of Membership Interests upon dissolution and liquidation of the Company.
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(b) Issuance to the Managing Member. The Company also may from time to time issue to the Managing Member additional Membership Units or other Membership Interests in one or more classes, or one or more series of any of such classes, with such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including voting powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and qualifications, limitations or restrictions senior to Non-Managing Membership Interests, as may be set forth in an exhibit hereto from time to time, all as shall be determined by the Managing Member, subject to Delaware law, including, without limitation, with respect to (i) the allocations of items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit to each such class or series of Membership Interests, (ii) the right of each such class or series of Interests to share in distributions, and (iii) the rights of each such class or series of Membership Interests upon dissolution and liquidation of the Company; provided, however, that (x) the additional Membership Interests are issued in connection with an issuance of shares of the Managing Member, which shares have designations, preferences and other rights, all such that the economic interests are substantially similar to the designations, preferences and other rights of the additional Membership Interests issued to the Managing Member in accordance with this Section 4.2(b), and (y) the Managing Member shall make a Capital Contribution to the Company (1) in an amount equal to the net proceeds raised in connection with the issuance of such shares of the Managing Member in the event such shares are sold for cash or cash equivalents or (2) in the form of the property received in consideration for such shares, in the event such shares are issued in consideration for other property.
(c) Issuance of Additional Common Shares or Preferred Shares. The Managing Member is explicitly authorized to issue additional Common Shares or Preferred Shares of any class, or rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities containing the right to subscribe for or purchase Common Shares or Preferred Shares of any class (“New Securities”) and in connection therewith, as further provided in Section 4.2(b), (i) the Managing Member shall cause the Company to issue to the Managing Member Membership Interests or rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities of the Company having designations, preferences and other rights, as may be set forth on an exhibit hereto or other amendment hereto from time to time, all such that the economic interests are substantially similar to those of the New Securities, and (ii) the Managing Member shall contribute the net proceeds from, or the property received in consideration for, the issuance of such New Securities and from the exercise of rights contained in such New Securities to the Company. In connection with the issuance of Membership Interests which are substantially similar to New Securities, the Managing Member is authorized to modify or amend the distributions or allocations hereunder solely to the extent necessary to give effect to the designations, preferences and other rights pertaining to such Membership Interests.
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(d) Issuance Pursuant to Incentive Plans.
(1) Upon the exercise of an option granted by the Managing Member for Common Shares, of any class, the Managing Member shall cause the Company to issue to the Managing Member one Membership Unit for each such Common Share acquired upon such exercise pursuant to the Incentive Plans (or such other number of Membership Units based on the relationship a different class of Common Shares bears to Common Shares), and the Managing Member shall contribute to the Company the net proceeds received upon such exercise (it being understood that the Managing Member may issue Common Shares in connection with the Incentive Plans without receiving a specified amount of proceeds and that the issuance of such Common Shares shall nonetheless entitle the Managing Member to additional Membership Units).
(2) The Managing Member shall cause the Company to issue Membership Units to employees of the Company upon the exercise by any such employees of an option to acquire Membership Units granted by the Company pursuant to the Incentive Plans in accordance with the terms of the Incentive Plans. Membership Units so issued shall represent Non-Managing Membership Interests.
(3) The Managing Member shall cause the Company to issue Membership Units to any Subsidiary of the Managing Member or the Company upon the exercise by an employee of such Subsidiary of an option to acquire Membership Units granted by such Subsidiary pursuant to the Incentive Plans, and such Subsidiary shall transfer to the Company the price per Membership Unit required by the Incentive Plans to be paid by Subsidiaries. Membership Units issued to any such Subsidiary shall represent Non-Managing Membership Interests.
(e) Redemption of Units.
(1) Subject to Section 11.3(d) and the further provisions of this Section 4.2(e), and except as otherwise set forth in an exhibit hereto setting forth rights, preferences and obligations with respect to any particular class or series of Membership Units issued after the date hereof, each Non-Managing Member shall have the right (i) on or after the date twelve (12) months after the Effective Date, with respect to the Membership Units acquired on or contemporaneously with the Effective Date, or (ii) on or after such other date as expressly provided in any agreement entered into between the Company and any Non-Managing Member, including the Structuring and Contribution Agreement, to require the Company to redeem (the “Redemption Right”) on a Specified Redemption Date all or a portion of the Membership Units held by such Non-Managing Member at a redemption price equal to and in the form of the Cash Amount to be paid by the Company. The Redemption Right shall be exercised pursuant to a Notice of Redemption delivered to the Company (with a copy to the Managing Member) by the Non-Managing Member who is exercising the Redemption Right (the “Redeeming Member”); provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to satisfy such Redemption Right if the Managing Member elects to purchase the Membership Units subject to the Notice of Redemption (the “Tendered Units”); provided, further, that in the event the Managing Member issues to all holders of Common Shares rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities entitling the shareholders to subscribe for or purchase Common Shares, or any other securities or property (collectively, the “Common Share Rights”) then (except to the extent such rights have already been reflected in an adjustment to the Unit Adjustment Factor as provided in Section 4.2(e)(2) below) the Redeeming Member shall also be entitled to receive such Common Share Rights that a holder of that number of Common Shares would be entitled to receive. A Non-Managing Member may not exercise the Redemption Right for less than ten thousand (10,000) Membership Units or, if such Non-Managing Member holds less than ten thousand (10,000) Membership Units, all of the Membership Units held by such Non-Managing Member.
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(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 4.2(e)(1), a Non-Managing Member that exercises the Redemption Right shall be deemed to have offered to sell the Membership Units described in the Notice of Redemption to the Managing Member, and the Managing Member may, in its sole and absolute discretion, elect to assume directly and satisfy a Redemption Right, and acquire some or all of such Membership Units by paying to the Redeeming Member either the Cash Amount, or the Shares Amount, as elected by the Managing Member (in its sole and absolute discretion), on the Specified Redemption Date, whereupon the Managing Member shall acquire the Membership Units offered for redemption by the Redeeming Member. If the Managing Member shall elect to exercise its right to purchase Membership Units under this Section 4.2(e)(2) with respect to a Notice of Redemption, it shall so notify the Redeeming Member promptly after the receipt by the Company of such Notice of Redemption. In the event the Managing Member shall exercise its right to purchase Membership Units with respect to the exercise of a Redemption Right in the manner described in the first sentence of this Section 4.2(e)(2), the Company shall have no obligation to pay any amount to the Redeeming Member with respect to Redeeming Member’s exercise of Redemption Right, and each of the Redeeming Member, the Company and the Managing Member shall treat the transaction between the Managing Member and the Redeeming Member for federal income tax purposes as a sale of the Redeeming Member’s Membership Units to the Managing Member.
(3) In the event of any change in the Unit Adjustment Factor, the number of Membership Units held by each Member shall be proportionately adjusted by multiplying the number of Membership Units held by such Member immediately prior to the change in the Unit Adjustment Factor by the new Unit Adjustment Factor; the intent of this provision is that one Membership Unit remains equivalent in value to one Common Share without dilution (including any securities for which Shares are exchanged in a transaction contemplated by Section 11.2(c)). In the event the Managing Member issues any Common Shares in exchange for Membership Units pursuant to this Section 4.2(e), any such Membership Units so acquired by the Managing Member shall immediately thereafter be canceled by the Company and the Company shall issue to the Managing Member new Membership Units pursuant to Section 4.2(c) hereof. Each Redeeming Member agrees to execute such documents as the Managing Member may reasonably require in connection with the issuance of Common Shares upon exercise of the Redemption Right.
(4) The Shares Amount, if applicable, shall be delivered as duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable Common Shares and, if applicable, free of any pledge, lien, encumbrance or restriction, other than those provided in the Charter, the Bylaws of the Managing Member, the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), relevant state securities or blue sky laws and any applicable registration rights agreement with respect to such Common Shares entered into by the Redeeming Member. Notwithstanding any delay in such delivery (but subject to Section 4.2(e)(6)), the Redeeming Member shall be deemed the owner of such Common Shares for all purposes, including without limitation, rights to vote or consent, and receive dividends, as of the Specified Redemption Date. In addition, the Common Shares for which the Membership Units might be exchanged shall also bear a legend which generally provides the following:
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THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON BENEFICIAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER FOR THE PURPOSE, AMONG OTHERS, OF THE CORPORATION’S MAINTENANCE OF ITS STATUS AS A REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST UNDER THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986, AS AMENDED (THE “CODE”). SUBJECT TO CERTAIN FURTHER RESTRICTIONS AND EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THE CORPORATION’S CHARTER, (I) NO INDIVIDUAL MAY BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF THE CORPORATION’S COMMON STOCK IN EXCESS OF 9.8 PERCENT (IN VALUE OR NUMBER OF SHARES) OF THE OUTSTANDING SHARES OF COMMON STOCK OF THE CORPORATION UNLESS SUCH INDIVIDUAL IS AN EXCEPTED HOLDER (IN WHICH CASE THE EXCEPTED HOLDER LIMIT SHALL BE APPLICABLE); (II) NO INDIVIDUAL MAY BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK OF THE CORPORATION IN EXCESS OF 9.8 PERCENT OF THE VALUE OF THE TOTAL OUTSTANDING SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK OF THE CORPORATION, UNLESS SUCH INDIVIDUAL IS AN EXCEPTED HOLDER (IN WHICH CASE THE EXCEPTED HOLDER LIMIT SHALL BE APPLICABLE); (III) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN CAPITAL STOCK THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE CORPORATION BEING “CLOSELY HELD” UNDER SECTION 856(h) OF THE CODE OR OTHERWISE CAUSE THE CORPORATION TO FAIL TO QUALIFY AS A REIT; AND (IV) NO PERSON MAY TRANSFER SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK IF SUCH TRANSFER WOULD RESULT IN THE CAPITAL STOCK OF THE CORPORATION BEING OWNED BY FEWER THAN 100 PERSONS. ANY PERSON WHO BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWNS OR ATTEMPTS TO BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK WHICH CAUSES OR WILL CAUSE A PERSON TO BENEFICIALLY OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK IN EXCESS OR IN VIOLATION OF THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MUST IMMEDIATELY NOTIFY THE CORPORATION. IF ANY OF THE RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER OR OWNERSHIP ARE VIOLATED, THE SHARES OF CAPITAL STOCK REPRESENTED HEREBY WILL BE AUTOMATICALLY TRANSFERRED TO A TRUSTEE OF A TRUST FOR THE BENEFIT OF ONE OR MORE CHARITABLE BENEFICIARIES. IN ADDITION, THE CORPORATION MAY REDEEM SHARES UPON THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SPECIFIED BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS IN ITS SOLE DISCRETION IF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS DETERMINES THAT OWNERSHIP OR A TRANSFER OR OTHER EVENT MAY VIOLATE THE RESTRICTIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE. FURTHERMORE, UPON THE OCCURRENCE OF CERTAIN EVENTS, ATTEMPTED TRANSFERS IN VIOLATION OF THE RESTRICTIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE MAY BE VOID AB INITIO. ALL CAPITALIZED TERMS IN THIS LEGEND HAVE THE MEANINGS DEFINED IN THE CHARTER OF THE CORPORATION, AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME, A COPY OF WHICH, INCLUDING THE RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP, WILL BE FURNISHED TO EACH HOLDER OF CAPITAL STOCK OF THE CORPORATION ON REQUEST AND WITHOUT CHARGE. REQUESTS FOR SUCH A COPY MAY BE DIRECTED TO THE SECRETARY OF THE CORPORATION AT ITS PRINCIPAL OFFICE.
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(5) Each Non-Managing Member covenants and agrees with the Managing Member that all Tendered Units shall be delivered to the Managing Member free and clear of all liens, claims and encumbrances whatsoever and should any such liens, claims and/or encumbrances exist or arise with respect to such Tendered Units, the Managing Member shall be under no obligation to acquire the same. Each Non-Managing Member further agrees that, in the event any state or local property transfer tax is payable solely with respect to its Tendered Units transferred to the Managing Member (or its designee), such Non-Managing Member shall assume and pay such transfer tax.
(6) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 4.2(e) or any other provision of this Agreement, a Member (i) shall not be entitled to effect a Redemption for cash or an exchange for Common Shares to the extent the ownership or right to acquire Common Shares pursuant to such exchange by such Member on the Specified Redemption Date could cause such Member or any other Person to violate the restrictions on ownership and transfer of Common Shares set forth in the Charter and (ii) shall have no rights under this Agreement to acquire Common Shares which would otherwise be prohibited under the Charter. To the extent any attempted redemption or exchange for Common Shares would be in violation of this Section 4.2(e)(6), it shall be null and void ab initio and such Member shall not acquire any rights or economic interest in the cash otherwise payable upon such redemption or the Common Shares otherwise issuable upon such exchange.
(7) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary (but subject to Section 4.2(e)(6)), with respect to any redemption or exchange for Common Shares pursuant to this Section 4.2(e):
(i) All Membership Units acquired by the Managing Member pursuant thereto shall automatically, and without further action required, be converted into and deemed to be Managing Member Interests comprised of the same number and class of Membership Units.
(ii) The consummation of any redemption or exchange for Common Shares shall be subject to the expiration or termination of the applicable waiting period, if any, under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended.
(iii) Each Redeeming Member shall continue to own all Membership Units subject to any redemption or exchange for Common Shares, and be treated as a Non-Managing Member with respect to such Membership Units for all purposes of this Agreement, until the Specified Redemption Date. Until a Specified Redemption Date, the Redeeming Member shall have no rights as a stockholder of the Managing Member with respect to such Redeeming Member’s Membership Units, except as may be provided in the Investors Agreement.
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Section 4.3 No Preemptive Rights. Except as specifically provided in this Agreement, no Person shall have any preemptive, preferential or other similar right with respect to (a) additional Capital Contributions or loans to the Company or (b) issuance or sale of any Membership Units.
Section 4.4 Capital Accounts of the Members.
(a) General. The Company shall maintain for each Member a separate Capital Account in accordance with the rules of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv). Such Capital Account shall be increased by (a) the amount of all Capital Contributions made by such Member to the Company pursuant to this Agreement and (b) all items of income and gain (including income and gain exempt from tax) computed in accordance with Section 4.4(b) hereof and allocated to such Member pursuant to Sections 6.1 through Section 6.3 of this Agreement, and decreased by (i) the amount of cash or Agreed Value of all actual and deemed distributions of cash or property made to such Member pursuant to this Agreement and (ii) all items of deduction and loss computed in accordance with Section 4.4(b) hereof and allocated to such Member pursuant to Sections 6.1 through Section 6.3 of this Agreement.
(b) Income, Gains, Deductions and Losses. For purposes of computing the amount of any item of income, gain, loss or deduction to be reflected in the Members’ Capital Accounts, unless otherwise specified in this Agreement, the determination, recognition and classification of any such item shall be the same as its determination, recognition and classification for Federal income tax purposes determined in accordance with Section 703(a) of the Code (for this purpose all items of income, gain, loss or deduction required to be stated separately pursuant to Section 703(a)(1) of the Code shall be included in taxable income or loss), with the following adjustments:
(1) Except as otherwise provided in Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m), the computation of all items of income, gain, loss and deduction shall be made without regard to any election under Section 754 of the Code which may be made by the Company.
(2) The computation of all items of income, gain, loss and deduction shall be made without regard to the fact that items described in Sections 705(a)(1)(B) or 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code are not includable in gross income or are neither currently deductible nor capitalized for Federal income tax purposes.
(3) Any income, gain or loss attributable to the taxable disposition of any Company Property shall be determined as if the adjusted basis of such property as of such date of disposition were equal in amount to the Company’s Carrying Value with respect to such property as of such date.
(4) In lieu of the depreciation, amortization, and other cost recovery deductions taken into account in computing such taxable income or loss, there shall be taken into account Depreciation for such fiscal year.
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(5) In the event the Carrying Value of any Company asset is adjusted pursuant to Section 4.4(d) hereof, the amount of any such adjustment shall be taken into account as gain or loss from the disposition of such asset.
(6) Any items specially allocated under Section 6.3 or Section 6.4 hereof shall not be taken into account.
(c) Transfers of Membership Units. A transferee of a Membership Unit shall succeed to a pro rata portion of the Capital Account of the transferor.
(d) Unrealized Gains and Losses.
(1) Consistent with the provisions of Regulations Section l.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f), and as provided in Section 4.4(d)(2), the Carrying Values of all Company assets shall be adjusted upward or downward to reflect any Unrealized Gain or Unrealized Loss attributable to such Company Property (subject to any adjustments required with respect to the conversion feature of the Series F Preferred Units, the Series G Preferred Units, the Series H Preferred Units, the Series I Preferred Units, and any other securities issued by the Company that are exercisable or convertible into Common Units, as determined by the Managing Member in its sole discretion), as of the times of the adjustments provided in Section 4.4(d)(2) hereof, as if such Unrealized Gain or Unrealized Loss had been recognized on an actual sale of each such property and allocated pursuant to Section 6.1 of this Agreement.
(2) Such adjustments shall be made as of the following times: (i) immediately prior to the acquisition of an additional interest in the Company by any new or existing Member in exchange for more than a de minimis Capital Contribution; (ii) immediately prior to the distribution by the Company to a Member of more than a de minimis amount of Company Property as consideration for an interest in the Company, and (iii) immediately prior to the liquidation of the Company or the Managing Member’s interest in the Company within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g); provided, however, that adjustments pursuant to clauses (i) and (ii) above shall be made only if the Managing Member reasonably determines that such adjustments are necessary or appropriate to reflect the relative economic interests of the Members in the Company.
(3) In accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(e), the Carrying Values of Company assets distributed in kind shall be adjusted upward or downward to reflect any Unrealized Gain or Unrealized Loss attributable to such Company Property, as of the time any such asset is distributed.
(4) In determining such Unrealized Gain or Unrealized Loss, the aggregate cash amount and fair market value of all Company assets (including cash or cash equivalents) shall be determined by the Managing Member using such reasonable method of valuation as it may adopt, or in the case of a liquidating distribution pursuant to Article XIII of this Agreement, be determined and allocated by the Liquidator using such reasonable methods of valuation as it may adopt. The Managing Member, or the Liquidator, as the case may be, shall allocate such aggregate value among the assets of the Company (in such manner as it determines in its sole and absolute discretion to arrive at a fair market value for individual properties).
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(e) Modification by Managing Member. The provisions of this Agreement relating to the maintenance of Capital Accounts are intended to comply with Regulations issued under Section 704(b) of the Code, and shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such Regulations. In the event the Managing Member shall determine that it is prudent to modify the manner in which the Capital Accounts, or any debits or credits thereto (including, without limitation, debits or credits relating to liabilities which are secured by contributed or distributed property or which are assumed by the Company, the Managing Member or any Non-Managing Members) are computed in order to comply with such Regulations, the Managing Member may make such modification; provided, however, that it will not have a material effect on the amounts distributable to any Person pursuant to Article XIII of this Agreement upon the liquidation of the Company. The Managing Member also shall (a) make any adjustments that are necessary or appropriate to maintain equality between the Capital Accounts of the Members and the amount of Company capital reflected on the Company’s balance sheet, as computed for book purposes, in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(q), and (b) make any appropriate modifications in the event unanticipated events might otherwise cause this Agreement not to comply with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b).
Article V
DISTRIBUTIONS
Section 5.1 Requirement and Characterization of Distributions. The Managing Member shall cause the Company to distribute quarterly all, or such portion as the Managing Member may in its discretion determine, of Available Cash among the Members (i) first, with respect to any class of Membership Interests issued pursuant to Section 4.2(a), 4.2(b) or 4.2(c), including Series F Preferred Units, Series G Preferred Units, Series H Preferred Units and Series I Preferred Units which are entitled to a preference over Common Units on the distribution of Available Cash and are specially allocated items under Section 6.1 prior to allocated items with respect to amounts distributed pursuant to clause (ii) below (and within and among such classes, in order of the preferences designated therein and pro rata among any such classes), and (ii) thereafter, pro rata in accordance with their respective Percentage Interests from time to time as determined by the Managing Member; provided that Available Cash for each calendar quarter shall be distributed on or about the 15th day of January, April, July and October of each year in an amount with respect to each Membership Unit at least equal to the Minimum Tax Distribution; provided, however, that in no event may a Member receive a distribution of Available Cash with respect to a Unit if such Member is entitled to receive a dividend from the Managing Member which is derived from a distribution of Available Cash to the Managing Member with respect to a Common Share for which such Unit has been redeemed or exchanged. In the event the Company is subject to any tax or other obligation that is attributable to the interest of one or more Members in the Company, but fewer than all the Members, such tax or other obligation shall be specially allocated to, and charged against the Capital Account of, such Member or Members, and the amounts otherwise distributable to such Member or Members pursuant to this Agreement shall be reduced by such amount. The Managing Member shall take such reasonable efforts, as determined by it in its sole and absolute discretion and consistent with its qualification as a REIT, to cause the Company to distribute sufficient amounts to enable the Managing Member, for so long as the Managing Member has determined to qualify as a REIT, to pay stockholder dividends that will (a) satisfy the requirements for qualifying as a REIT under the Code and Regulations (“REIT Requirements”), and (b) except to the extent otherwise determined by the Managing Member, avoid any federal income or excise tax liability of the Managing Member, except to the extent that a distribution pursuant to clause (b) would prevent the Company from making a distribution to the Holders of Series F Preferred Units in accordance with Section 17.2, the Holders of Series G Preferred Units in accordance with Section 18.2, the Holders of Series H Preferred Units in accordance with Section 19.2 and the Holders of Series I Preferred Units in accordance with Section 20.2.
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Section 5.2 Amounts Withheld. All amounts withheld pursuant to the Code or any provisions of any state or local tax law and Section 10.5 hereof with respect to any allocation, payment or distribution to the Managing Member, any Non-Managing Members or Assignees shall be treated as amounts distributed to the Managing Member or such Non-Managing Members or Assignees pursuant to Section 5.1 for all purposes under this Agreement.
Section 5.3 Distributions Upon Liquidation. Proceeds from a Liquidating Transaction shall be distributed to the Members in accordance with Section 13.2.
Article VI
ALLOCATIONS
Section 6.1 Allocations for Capital Account Purposes Other than the Taxable Year of Liquidation. For purposes of maintaining the Capital Accounts and in determining the rights of the Members among themselves, the Company’s items of income, gain, loss and deduction (computed in accordance with Section 4.4 hereof) shall be allocated among the Members for each taxable year (or portion thereof) as provided herein below:
(a) Net Income. After giving effect to the special allocations set forth in Sections 6.2 and 6.3 below, Net Income (or items thereof) or, in the case of clause SECOND below, Adjusted Net Income (or Net Income to the extent there is insufficient Adjusted Net Income) shall be allocated to the Members as follows:
FIRST, pro rata to the Members holding Series F Preferred Units, Members holding Series G Preferred Units, Members holding Series H Preferred Units and Members holding Series I Preferred Units to the extent of, and in proportion to, losses allocated to such Members under Section 6.1(b);
SECOND, pro rata to the Members holding Series F Preferred Units, Members holding Series G Preferred Units, Members holdings Series H Preferred Units, Members holding Series I Preferred Units and holders of Common Units who received such Common Units upon a conversion of Series F Preferred Units, Series H Preferred Units or Series I Preferred Units up to and in proportion to the accumulated amount of the accrued Series F Priority Return, Series G Priority Return, Series H Priority Return and Series I Priority Return (irrespective of whether such accrued amounts are actually paid) with respect to such Member;
THIRD, to the Members holding Common Units in accordance with their Membership Interests.
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(b) Net Losses. After giving effect to the special allocations set forth in Sections 6.2 and 6.3 below and after taking into account any allocations of Adjusted Net Income pursuant to clause SECOND of Section 6.1(a) above, Net Losses shall be allocated to the Members as follows:
FIRST, to the Members holding Common Units pro rata among such Common Units until such Members’ Capital Accounts shall equal zero;
SECOND, to the Members holding Series F Preferred Units, Series G Preferred Units, Series H Preferred Units and Series I Preferred Units pro rata among such Series F Preferred Units, Series G Preferred Units, Series H Preferred Units and Series I Preferred Units until such Members’ Capital Accounts shall equal zero; and
THIRD, to the Members holding Common Units in accordance with their Percentage Interests.
(c) Nonrecourse Liabilities. For purposes of Regulations Section 1.752-3(a), the Members agree that Nonrecourse Liabilities of the Company in excess of the sum of (i) the amount of Membership Minimum Gain and (ii) the total amount of Nonrecourse Built-in Gain shall be allocated among the Members in the manner determined by the Managing Member, provided that such allocation shall be permissible under Regulations Section 1.752-3.
(d) Gains. Any gain allocated to the Members upon the sale or other taxable disposition of any Company asset shall to the extent possible, after taking into account other required allocations of gain pursuant to Section 6.3 below, be characterized as Recapture Income in the same proportions and to the same extent as such Members have been allocated any deductions directly or indirectly giving rise to the treatment of such gains as Recapture Income, all in such a manner consistent with Regulations Section 1.1245-1.
(e) Offsetting Allocations. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article VI, but subject to Sections 6.3 and 6.4, in the event Net Income or items thereof are being allocated to a Member to offset prior Net Loss or items thereof which have been allocated to such Member, the Managing Member shall attempt to allocate such offsetting Net Income or items thereof which are of the same or similar character (including without limitation Section 704(b) book items versus tax items) to the original allocations with respect to such Member.
Section 6.2 Allocations for Capital Account Purposes in the Taxable Year of Liquidation. Subject to Section 6.3, Net Income and Net Loss and Adjusted Net Income for the taxable year of liquidation of the Company shall be allocated prior to the final liquidating distributions of the Company and shall be allocated first to eliminate any Member’s Adjusted Capital Account Deficit and then, to the extent permissible under Section 704(b) of the Code, in a manner such that the Capital Accounts of the Members immediately prior to such final liquidating distributions are equal to the amount which would have been distributable to the Members under Section 5.1 if such distributions were to be governed by Section 5.1. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, actual distributions made subsequent to the allocations under this Section 6.2 shall be made pursuant to Section 5.3.
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Section 6.3 Regulatory Allocation Rules. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the following special allocations shall be made in the following order
(a) Minimum Gain Chargeback. Notwithstanding any other provisions of Article VI, if there is a net decrease in Membership Minimum Gain during any Membership Year, each Member shall be specially allocated items of Company income and gain for such year (and, if necessary, subsequent years) in an amount equal to such Member’s share of the net decrease in Membership Minimum Gain, as determined under Regulations Section 1.704-2(g). Allocations pursuant to the previous sentence shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each Member pursuant thereto. The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(f)(6). This Section 6.3(a) is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirements in Regulations Section 1.704-2(f) and for purposes of this Section 6.3(a) only, each Member’s Adjusted Capital Account Deficit shall be determined prior to any other allocations pursuant to Section 6.1 of this Agreement with respect to such fiscal year and without regard to any decrease in Member Minimum Gain during such fiscal year.
(b) Member Minimum Gain Chargeback. Notwithstanding any other provision of Article VI (except Section 6.3(a) hereof), if there is a net decrease in Member Minimum Gain attributable to a Member Nonrecourse Debt during any Membership Year, each Member who has a share of the Member Minimum Gain attributable to such Member Nonrecourse Debt, determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(5), shall be specially allocated items of Company income and gain for such year (and, if necessary, subsequent years) in an amount equal to such Member’s share of the net decrease in Member Minimum Gain attributable to such Member Nonrecourse Debt, determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(5). Allocations pursuant to the previous sentence shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each Member pursuant thereto. The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(4). This Section 6.3(b) is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirement in such Section of the Regulations and shall be interpreted consistently therewith. Solely for purposes of this Section 6.3(b), each Member’s Adjusted Capital Account Deficit shall be determined prior to any other allocations pursuant to Article VI of this Agreement with respect to such fiscal year, other than allocations pursuant to Section 6.3(a) hereof.
(c) Qualified Income Offset. In the event any Member unexpectedly receives any adjustments, allocations or distributions described in Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(5), or 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(6), and after giving effect to the allocations required under Sections 6.3(a) and 6.3(b) hereof, such Member has an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit, items of Company income and gain shall be specially allocated to such Member in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate, to the extent required by the Regulations, its Adjusted Capital Account Deficit created by such adjustments, allocations or distributions as quickly as possible. It is intended that this Section 6.3(c) qualify and be construed as a “qualified income offset” within the meaning of Regulations 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d), which shall be controlling in the event of a conflict between such Regulations and this Section 6.3(c).
(d) Nonrecourse Deductions. Nonrecourse Deductions for any taxable period shall be allocated to the Members in the manner determined by the Managing Member, provided that such allocation shall be permissible under Section 704(b) of the Code.
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(e) Member Nonrecourse Deductions. Any Member Nonrecourse Deductions for any fiscal year shall be specially allocated to the Member who bears the economic risk of loss with respect to the Member Nonrecourse Debt to which such Member Nonrecourse Deductions are attributable in accordance with Regulations Sections 1.704-2(b)(4) and 1.704-2(i)(2).
(f) Code Section 754 Adjustments. To the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any Company asset pursuant to Section 734(b) or 743(b) of the Code is required, pursuant to Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m), to be taken into account in determining Capital Accounts, the amount of such adjustment to the Capital Accounts shall be specially allocated to the Members in a manner consistent with the manner in which their Capital Accounts are required to be adjusted pursuant to such Section of the Regulations.
Section 6.4 Allocations for Tax Purposes.
(a) General. Except as otherwise provided in this Section 6.4, for Federal income tax purposes, each item of income, gain, loss and deduction shall be allocated among the Members in the same manner as its correlative item of “book” income, gain, loss or deduction is allocated pursuant to Sections 6.1 and 6.3 of this Agreement.
(b) To Eliminate Book-Tax Disparities. In an attempt to eliminate Book-Tax Disparities attributable to a Contributed Property or Adjusted Property, items of income, gain, loss, and deduction shall be allocated for Federal income tax purposes among the Members as follows:
(1) (i) In the case of a Contributed Property, such items attributable thereto shall be allocated among the Members consistent with the principles of Section 704(c) of the Code in a manner that takes into account the variation between the 704(c) Value of such property and its adjusted basis at the time of contribution, and (ii) any item of Residual Gain or Residual Loss attributable to a Contributed Property shall be allocated among the Members in the same manner as its correlative item of “book” gain or loss is allocated pursuant to Sections 6.1 and 6.3 of this Agreement.
(2) (i) In the case of an Adjusted Property, such items shall (A) first, be allocated among the Members in a manner consistent with the principles of Section 704(c) of the Code in a manner to take into account the Unrealized Gain or Unrealized Loss attributable to such property and the allocations thereof pursuant to Section 4.4 and (B) second, in the event such property was originally a Contributed Property, be allocated among the Members in a manner consistent with Section 6.4(b)(1)(i), and (ii) any item of Residual Gain or Residual Loss attributable to an Adjusted Property shall be allocated among the Members in the same manner as its correlative item of “book” gain or loss is allocated pursuant to Sections 6.1 and 6.4 of this Agreement.
(3) All other items of income, gain, loss and deduction shall be allocated among the Members in the same manner as their correlative item of “book” gain or loss is allocated pursuant to Sections 6.1 and 6.3 of this Agreement.
(c) Power of Managing Member to Elect Method. To the extent Treasury Regulations promulgated pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Code permit a partnership to utilize alternative methods to eliminate the disparities between the agreed value of property and its adjusted basis, and subject to any agreements existing between the Company and any Member or Members prior to the date hereof, the Managing Member shall have the authority to elect the method to be used by the Company and such election shall be binding on all Members.
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Article VII
MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION OF BUSINESS
Section 7.1 Management.
(a) Powers of Managing Member. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, all management powers over the business and affairs of the Company are exclusively vested in the Managing Member, and no Non-Managing Member shall have any right to participate in or exercise control or management power over the business and affairs of the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Managing Member may not be removed by the Non-Managing Members with or without cause. In addition to the powers now or hereafter granted a Managing Member of a limited liability company under applicable law or which are granted to the Managing Member under any other provision of this Agreement, the Managing Member, subject to Section 7.3 hereof, shall have full power and authority to do all things deemed necessary or desirable by it to conduct the business of the Company, to exercise all powers set forth in Section 3.2 hereof and to effectuate the purposes set forth in Section 3.1 hereof including, without limitation:
(1) the making of any expenditures (including, without limitation, making prepayments on loans and borrowing money to permit the Company to make distributions to its Members in such amounts as will permit the Managing Member (so long as the Managing Member has determined to qualify as a REIT) to avoid the payment of any federal income tax (including, for this purpose, any excise tax pursuant to Section 4981 of the Code) and to make distributions to its stockholders sufficient to permit the Managing Member to maintain REIT status), the lending or borrowing of money, the assumption or guarantee of, or other contracting for, indebtedness and other liabilities, the issuance of evidences of indebtedness (including the securing of same by mortgage, deed of trust or other lien or encumbrance on the Company’s assets) and the incurring of any obligations it deems necessary for the conduct of the activities of the Company;
(2) the making of tax, regulatory and other filings, or rendering of periodic or other reports to the New York Stock Exchange, governmental or other agencies having jurisdiction over the business or assets of the Company, the registration of any class of securities of the Company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the listing of any debt securities of the Company on any exchange;
(3) the acquisition, disposition, sale, conveyance, financing, refinancing, mortgage, pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation, contribution or exchange of any assets of the Company or the merger or other combination of the Company with or into another entity on such terms as the Managing Member deems proper;
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(4) the use of the assets of the Company (including, without limitation, cash on hand) for any purpose consistent with the terms of this Agreement and on any terms it sees fit including, without limitation, the financing of the assets and the operations of the Managing Member, the Company or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries, the lending of funds to other Persons (including the Managing Member or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries) and the repayment of obligations of the Company and its Subsidiaries and any other Person in which it has an equity investment and the making of capital contributions to its Subsidiaries, the holding of any real, personal and mixed property of the Company in the name of the Company or in the name of a nominee or trustee (subject to Section 7.10), the creation, by grant or otherwise, of easements or servitudes, and the performance of any and all acts necessary or appropriate to the operation of the Company assets including, but not limited to, applications for rezoning, objections to rezoning, constructing, altering, improving, repairing, renovating, rehabilitating, razing, demolishing or condemning any improvements or property of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company;
(5) the negotiation, execution, and performance of any contracts, conveyances or other instruments (including with Affiliates of the Company to the extent provided in Section 7.6) that the Managing Member considers useful or necessary to the conduct of the Company’s operations or the implementation of the Managing Member’s powers under this Agreement including, without limitation, the execution and delivery of leases on behalf of or in the name of the Company (including the lease of Company Property for any purpose and without limit as to the term thereof, whether or not such term (including renewal terms) shall extend beyond the date of termination of the Company and whether or not the portion so leased is to be occupied by the lessee or, in turn, subleased in whole or in part to others);
(6) the opening and closing of bank accounts, the investment of Company funds in securities, certificates of deposit and other instruments, and the distribution of Company cash or other Company assets in accordance with this Agreement;
(7) the selection and dismissal of employees of the Company or the Managing Member (including, without limitation, employees having titles such as “president”, “vice president”, “secretary” and “treasurer”), and the engagement and dismissal of agents, outside attorneys, accountants, engineers, appraisers, consultants, contractors and other professionals on behalf of the Managing Member or the Company and the determination of their compensation and other terms of employment or hiring;
(8) the maintenance of such insurance for the benefit of the Company and the Members and the directors and officers of the Company as it deems necessary or appropriate;
(9) the formation of, or acquisition of an interest in, and the contribution of property to, any further limited or general partnerships, joint ventures or other relationships that it deems desirable (including, without limitation, the acquisition of interests in, and the contribution of property to, its Subsidiaries and any other Person in which it has an equity investment from time to time); provided, that, as long as the Managing Member has determined to continue to qualify as a REIT, the Company may not engage in any such formation, acquisition or contribution that could cause the Managing Member to fail to qualify as a REIT;
(10) the control of any matters affecting the rights and obligations of the Company, including the conduct of litigation and the incurring of legal expense and the settlement of claims and litigation, and the indemnification of any Person against liabilities and contingencies to the extent permitted by law;
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(11) the undertaking of any action in connection with the Company’s direct or indirect investment in its Subsidiaries or any other Person (including, without limitation, the contribution or loan of funds to, incurring indebtedness on behalf of, or guaranteeing the obligations of any such Persons);
(12) the determination of the fair market value of any Company Property distributed in kind using such reasonable method of valuation as it may adopt;
(13) the management, operation, leasing, landscaping, repair, alteration, demolition or improvement of any real property or improvements owned by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any Person in which the Company has made a direct or indirect equity investment;
(14) holding, managing, investing and reinvesting cash and other assets of the Company;
(15) the collection and receipt of revenues and income of the Company;
(16) the exercise, directly or indirectly through any attorney-in-fact acting under a general or limited power of attorney, of any right, including the right to vote, appurtenant to any asset or investment held by the Company;
(17) the exercise of any of the powers of the Managing Member enumerated in this Agreement on behalf of or in connection with any Subsidiary of the Company or any other Person in which the Company has a direct or indirect interest, or jointly with any such Subsidiary or other Person;
(18) the exercise of any of the powers of the Managing Member enumerated in this Agreement on behalf of any Person in which the Company does not have an interest pursuant to contractual or other arrangements with such Person;
(19) the making, execution and delivery of any and all deeds, leases, notes, deeds to secure debt, mortgages, deeds of trust, security agreements, conveyances, contracts, guarantees, warranties, indemnities, waivers, releases or legal instruments or agreements in writing necessary or appropriate in the judgment of the Managing Member for the accomplishment of any of the powers of the Managing Member enumerated in this Agreement;
(20) the issuance of Membership Interests, as appropriate, pursuant to Section 4.2 of this Agreement; and
(21) the consummation of the Formation and Structuring Transactions.
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(b) No Approval Required for Above Powers. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement (including, without limitation, the last sentence of this Section 7.1(b)), each of the Members agrees that the Managing Member is authorized to execute, deliver and perform the above-mentioned agreements and transactions on behalf of the Company without any further act, approval or vote of the Members, notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Act or any applicable law, rule or regulation to the fullest extent permitted under the Act or other applicable law, rule or regulation. The execution, delivery or performance by the Managing Member or the Company of any agreement authorized or permitted under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach by the Managing Member of any duty that the Managing Member may owe the Company or the Non-Managing Members or any other Persons wider this Agreement or of any duty stated or implied by law or equity.
(c) Insurance. At all times from and after the date hereof, the Managing Member may cause the Company to obtain and maintain casualty, liability and other insurance on Company Properties and liability insurance for the Indemnitees hereunder. The right to procure such insurance on behalf of the Indemnitees shall in no way mitigate or otherwise affect the right of any such Indemnitee to indemnification under Section 7.7.
(d) Working Capital Reserves. At all times from and after the date hereof, the Managing Member may cause the Company to establish and maintain working capital reserves in such amounts as the Managing Member, in its sole and absolute discretion, deems appropriate and reasonable from time to time.
(e) No Obligation to Consider Tax Consequences to Non-Managing Members. In exercising its authority under this Agreement, the Managing Member may, but shall be under no obligation to, take into account the tax consequences to any Member of any action taken by it. The Managing Member and the Company shall not have liability to a Non-Managing Member under any circumstances as a result of an income tax liability incurred by such Non-Managing Member as a result of an action (or inaction) by the Managing Member pursuant to its authority under this Agreement.
(f) No Obligation To Expend Individual Funds, etc. Except as otherwise provided herein, to the extent the duties of the Managing Member require expenditures of funds to be paid to third parties, the Managing Member shall not have any obligations hereunder except to the extent that Company funds are reasonably available to it for the performance of such duties, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize or require the Managing Member, in its capacity as such, to expend its individual funds for payment to third parties or to undertake any individual liability or obligation on behalf of the Company.
Section 7.2 Certificate of Formation. To the extent that such action is determined by the Managing Member to be reasonable and necessary or appropriate, the Managing Member shall file amendments to and restatements of the Certificate and do all the things to maintain the Company as a limited liability company (or an entity in which the Non-Managing Members have limited liability) under the laws of the State of Delaware and each other jurisdiction in which the Company may elect to do business or own property. Subject to the terms of Section 8.5(a)(4) hereof, the Managing Member shall not be required, before or after filing, to deliver or mail a copy of the Certificate, as it may be amended or restated from time to time, to any Non-Managing Member. The Managing Member shall use all reasonable efforts to cause to be filed such other certificates or documents as may be reasonable and necessary or appropriate for the formation, continuation, qualification and operation of a limited liability company (or an entity in which the Non-Managing Members have limited liability) in the State of Delaware and any other jurisdiction in which the Company may elect to do business or own property.
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Section 7.3 Restrictions on Managing Member’s Authority. The Managing Member may not, without the written Consent of all of the Non-Managing Members, take any action in contravention of this Agreement including, without limitation:
(a) take any action that would make it impossible to carry on the ordinary business of the Company, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement (provided that this restriction shall not be deemed to restrict the sale, lease, transfer or disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets as may otherwise be provided herein);
(b) possess Company Property, or assign any rights in specific Company property, for other than a Company purpose except as otherwise provided in this Agreement (other than this Section 7.3);
(c) admit a Person as a Member, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement; or
(d) perform any act that would subject a Member to personal liability for the debts, obligations and liabilities of the Company except as provided herein or under the Act.
Section 7.4 Responsibility for Expenses.
(a) No Compensation. Except as provided in this Section 7.4 and elsewhere in this Agreement (including the provisions of Articles V and VI regarding distributions, payments and allocations to which it may be entitled), the Managing Member shall not be compensated for its services as Managing Member of the Company.
(b) Responsibility for Ownership and Operation Expenses. The Company shall be responsible for and shall pay all expenses relating to the Company’s ownership of its assets, and the operation of, or for the benefit of, the Company. The Managing Member is hereby authorized to pay compensation for accounting, administrative, legal, technical, management and other services rendered to the Company. The Managing Member shall be reimbursed on a monthly basis, or such other basis as the Managing Member may determine in its sole and absolute discretion, for all expenses it incurs relating to the Company’s ownership of its assets and the operation of, or for the benefit of, the Company; provided, however, that the amount of any such reimbursement shall be reduced by any interest or other amounts earned by the Managing Member with respect to bank accounts or other instruments held by it as permitted in Section 7.5(a). The Non-Managing Members acknowledge that all such expenses of the Managing Member are deemed to be for the benefit of the Company. Such reimbursements shall be in addition to any reimbursement to the Managing Member as a result of indemnification pursuant to Section 7.7 hereof. In the event that certain expenses are incurred for the benefit of the Company and other entities (including the Managing Member), such expenses shall be allocated to the Company and such other entities in such a manner as the Managing Member in its sole and absolute discretion deems fair and reasonable. All payments and reimbursements hereunder shall be characterized for federal income tax purposes as expenses of the Company incurred on its behalf, and not as expenses of the Managing Member.
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(c) Responsibility for Organization Expenses. The Company shall be responsible for and shall pay all expenses incurred relating to the admission of the Managing Member to the Company.
(d) Common Share Repurchases. If the Managing Member shall elect to purchase from its stockholders Common Shares for the purpose of delivering such Common Shares to satisfy an obligation under any dividend reinvestment program adopted by the Managing Member, any employee stock purchase plan adopted by the Managing Member, or any similar obligation or arrangement undertaken by the Managing Member in the future or for the purpose of retiring such Common Shares, the purchase price paid by the Managing Member for such Common Shares and any other expenses incurred by the Managing Member in connection with such purchase shall be considered expenses of the Company and shall be advanced to the Managing Member or reimbursed to the Managing Member, subject to the condition that: (i) if such Common Shares subsequently are sold by the Managing Member, the Managing Member shall pay to the Company any proceeds received by the Managing Member for such Common Shares (which sales proceeds shall include the amount of dividends reinvested under any dividend reinvestment or similar program; provided, that a transfer of Common Shares for Membership Units pursuant to Section 4.2(e) would not be considered a sale for such purposes); and (ii) if such Common Shares are not retransferred by the Managing Member within thirty (30) days after the purchase thereof, or the Managing Member otherwise determines not to retransfer such Common Shares, the Managing Member shall cause the Company to redeem a number of Membership Units held by the Managing Member equal to the number of such Common Shares, as adjusted (x) pursuant to Section 7.5 (in the event the Managing Member acquires material assets, other than on behalf of the Company) and (y) for stock dividends and distributions, stock splits and subdivisions, reverse stock splits and combinations, distributions of rights, warrants or options, and distributions of evidences of indebtedness or assets relating to assets not received by the Managing Member pursuant to a pro rata distribution by the Company (in which case such advancement or reimbursement of expenses shall be treated as having been made as a distribution in redemption of such number of Membership Units held by the Managing Member).
(e) If and to the extent any reimbursements to the Managing Member pursuant to this Section 7.4 constitute gross income of the Managing Member (as opposed to the repayment of advances made by the Managing Member on behalf of the Company), such amounts shall constitute guaranteed payments within the meaning of Section 707(c) of the Code, shall be treated consistently therewith by the Company and all Members and shall not be treated as distributions for purposes of computing the Members’ Capital Accounts.
Section 7.5 Outside Activities of the Managing Member.
(a) The Managing Member shall not directly or indirectly enter into or conduct any business, other than in connection with the ownership, acquisition and disposition of Membership Interests as a Managing Member or Non-Managing Member and the management of the business of the Company, its operation as a public reporting company with a class (or classes) of securities registered under the Exchange Act and listed on the New York Stock Exchange, its operation as a REIT and such activities as are incidental thereto. The Managing Member shall not own any assets other than Membership Interests (except for certain interests in Company Properties held directly by the Managing Member or which have been caused by the Managing Member to be contributed to or purchased by Subsidiaries, which interests shall not exceed 1% of the aggregate economic interests of any property) and other than such bank accounts or similar instruments as it deems necessary to carry out its responsibilities contemplated under this Agreement and the Charter. The Managing Member and Affiliates of the Managing Member may acquire Non-Managing Membership Interests and shall be entitled to exercise all rights of a Non-Managing Member relating to such Non-Managing Membership Interests.
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(b) Purchases of Shares. In the event the Managing Member purchases Shares, then the Managing Member shall cause the Company to purchase from it an equal number of Membership Units (after application of the Unit Adjustment Factor) on the same terms that the Managing Member purchased such Shares.
Section 7.6 Contracts with Affiliates.
(a) Loans. The Managing Member may cause the Company to lend or contribute to its Subsidiaries or other Persons in which the Company has an equity investment, and such Persons may borrow funds from the Company, on terms and conditions established in the sole and absolute discretion of the Managing Member. The foregoing authority shall not create any right or benefit in favor of any Subsidiary or any other Person.
(b) Transfers of Assets. Except as provided in Section 7.5(a), the Managing Member may cause the Company to transfer assets to joint ventures, other partnerships, corporations or other business entities in which the Company is or thereby becomes a participant upon such terms and subject to such conditions consistent with this Agreement and applicable law as the Managing Member in its sole discretion deems advisable.
(c) Employee Benefit Plans. The Managing Member, in its sole and absolute discretion and without the approval of the Non-Managing Members, may propose and adopt on behalf of the Managing Member and the Company employee benefit plans funded by the Company for the benefit of employees of the Managing Member, the Company, Subsidiaries of the Company or any Affiliate of any of them in respect of services performed, directly or indirectly, for the benefit of the Company, the Managing Member or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries, including any such plan which requires the Company, the Managing Member or any of the Company’s Subsidiaries to issue or transfer Membership Units to employees. The Managing Member also is expressly authorized to cause the Company to issue to it Membership Units corresponding to Common Shares issued by the Managing Member pursuant to any such plan or any similar or successor plan and to repurchase such Membership Units to the extent necessary to permit the Managing Member to repurchase such Common Shares in accordance with such plan.
(d) Other Agreements. The Managing Member is expressly authorized to enter into, on its own behalf or in the name and on behalf of the Company, asset management agreements, cross-indemnity agreements, registration rights agreements with respect to the Common Shares, right of first opportunity arrangements or other conflict avoidance agreements with various Affiliates of the Company and the Managing Member on such terms as the Managing Member, in its sole and absolute discretion, believes are advisable.
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Section 7.7 Indemnification.
(a) General. The Company shall indemnify, in accordance with and to the fullest extent now or hereafter permitted by law, any Person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that the Person is or was a Member, director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or the Managing Member, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by the Person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if the Person acted in good faith and in a manner the Person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the Person’s conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the Person did not act in good faith and in a manner which the Person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that the Person’s conduct was unlawful.
(b) Actions in the Right of the Company. The Company shall indemnify any Person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that the Person is or was a Member, director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or the Managing Member, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the Person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the Person acted in good faith and in a manner the Person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such Person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Company unless and only to the extent that the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such Person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity or such expenses which such court shall deem proper.
(c) Authorization. Any indemnification under subsections (a) and (b) of this section (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Company only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the present or former Member, director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because the Person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in subsections (a) and (b) of this section. Such determination shall be made in the sole and absolute discretion of the Managing Member.
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(d) In Advance of Final Disposition. Expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by a Person entitled to indemnification hereunder in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such Person to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such Person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company as authorized in this section. Such expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by such Persons may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Managing Member deems appropriate.
(e) Non-Exclusive Section. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any agreement, or otherwise, both as to action in such Person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.
(f) Insurance. The Company shall have power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any Person who is or was a Member, director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such Person and incurred by such Person in any such capacity, or arising out of such Person’s status as such, whether or not the Company would have the power to indemnify such Person against such liability under this section.
(g) Merger and Consolidation; Other Enterprises. For purposes of this section, references to “the Company” shall include, in addition to the resulting entity, any constituent entity (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its members, directors, officers and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a Member, director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent entity, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent entity as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this section with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as such Person would have with respect to such constituent entity if its separate existence had continued. For purposes of this section, references to “other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a Person with respect to any employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the Company” shall include any service as a Member, director, officer, employee or agent of the Company which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such Member, director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a Person who acted in good faith and in a manner such Person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the Company” as referred to in this section.
(h) Continuation. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this section shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a Person who has ceased to be a Member, director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a Person.
(i) Interested Transactions. A Person entitled to indemnification hereunder shall not be denied indemnification in whole or in part under this Section 7.7 because the Indemnitee had an interest in the transaction with respect to which the indemnification applies if the transaction was otherwise permitted by the terms of this Agreement.
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(j) Binding Effect. The provisions of this Section 7.7 are for the benefit of the Indemnitees, their heirs, successors, assigns and administrators and shall not be deemed to create any rights for the benefit of any other Persons. Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 7.7 or any provision hereof shall be prospective only and shall not in any way affect the limitations on the Company’s liability to any Indemnitee under this Section 7.7 as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to claims arising from or relating to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when such claims may arise or be asserted.
(k) Reimbursements to Managing Member Shall Not Be Treated As Distributions. If and to the extent any reimbursements to the Managing Member pursuant to this Section 7.7 constitute gross income of the Managing Member (as opposed to the repayment of advances made by the Managing Member on behalf of the Company), such amounts shall constitute guaranteed payments within the meaning of Section 707(c) of the Code, shall be treated consistently therewith by the Company and all Members and shall not be treated as distributions for purposes of computing the Members’ Capital Accounts.
(l) Limitation. Any indemnification pursuant to this Section 7.7 shall be made only out of the assets of the Company, and any insurance proceeds from any liability policy covering the Managing Member and any Indemnitee, and neither the Managing Member nor any Non-Managing Member shall have any obligation to contribute to the capital of the Company or otherwise provide funds to enable the Company to fund its obligations under this Section 7.7, except to the extent otherwise expressly agreed to by such Member and the Company.
Section 7.8 Liability of the Managing Member.
(a) General. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, the Managing Member shall not be liable for monetary damages to the Company, any Members or any Assignees for losses sustained or liabilities incurred as a result of errors in judgment or of any act or omission, unless (i) the Managing Member actually received an improper benefit in money, property or services (in which case, such liability shall be for the amount of the benefit in money, property or services actually received), or (ii) the Managing Member’s action or failure to act was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, gross negligence or bad faith and was material to the cause of action being adjudicated; provided, however, that the Managing Member shall owe the same duty of care to the Non-Managing Members as its directors owe to the Shareholders of the Managing Member.
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(b) No Obligation to Consider Interests of Non-Managing Members. The Non-Managing Members expressly acknowledge that the Managing Member is acting on behalf of the Company, the Non-Managing Members and the Managing Member’s shareholders collectively, that, except as otherwise provided in Section 7.8(a), the Managing Member is under no obligation to give priority to the separate interests of the Managing Member’s shareholders or the Non-Managing Members (including, without limitation, the tax consequences to Non-Managing Members or Assignees) in deciding whether to cause the Company to take (or decline to take) any actions which the Managing Member has undertaken in good faith on behalf of the Company. If there is a conflict between the interests of the Managing Member’s shareholders on the one hand and the interests of the Non-Managing Members on the other, the Managing Member will endeavor in good faith to resolve the conflict in a manner not adverse to either the Managing Member’s shareholders or the Non-Managing Members; provided, however, that for so long as the Managing Member owns a controlling interest in the Company, any conflict that cannot be resolved in a manner not adverse to either the Managing Member’s shareholders or the Non-Managing Members will be resolved in favor of the Managing Member’s shareholders. The Managing Member shall not be liable for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by Non-Managing Members in connection with such decisions with respect to causing the Company to take (or decline to take) any actions which the Managing Member has undertaken in good faith on behalf of the Company, unless (i) the Managing Member actually received an improper benefit in money, property or services (in which case, such liability shall be for the amount of the benefit in money, property or services actually received), or (ii) the Managing Member’s action or failure to act was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, gross negligence or bad faith and was material to the cause of action being adjudicated.
(c) Acts of Agents. Subject to its obligations and duties as Managing Member set forth in Section 7.1(a) hereof, the Managing Member may exercise any of the powers granted to it by this Agreement and perform any of the duties imposed upon it hereunder either directly or by or through its agents. The Managing Member shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent appointed by it in good faith.
(d) Effect of Amendment. Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 7.8 or any provision hereof shall be prospective only and shall not in any way affect the limitations on the Managing Member’s liability to the Company and the Non-Managing Members under this Section 7.8 as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to claims arising from or relating to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when such claims may arise or be asserted.
Section 7.9 Other Matters Concerning the Managing Member.
(a) Reliance on Documents. The Managing Member may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond, debenture or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties.
(b) Reliance on Consultants and Advisers. The Managing Member may consult with legal counsel, accountants, appraisers, management consultants, investment bankers and other consultants and advisers selected by it, and any act taken or omitted to be taken in reliance upon the opinion of such Persons as to matters which such Managing Member reasonably believes to be within such Person’s professional or expert competence shall be conclusively presumed to have been done or omitted in good faith and in accordance with such opinion.
(c) Action Through Officers and Attorneys. The Managing Member shall have the right, in respect of any of its powers or obligations hereunder, to act through any of its duly authorized officers and a duly appointed attorney or attorneys-in-fact. Each such attorney shall, to the extent provided by the Managing Member in the power of attorney, have full power and authority to do and perform all and every act and duty which is permitted or required to be done by the Managing Member hereunder.
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(d) Action Related to Maintaining REIT Status. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement or any non-mandatory provision of the Act, any action of the Managing Member on behalf of the Company or any decision of the Managing Member to refrain from acting on behalf of the Company, undertaken in the good faith belief that such action or omission is necessary or advisable in order (i) to protect the ability of the Managing Member, for so long as the Managing Member has determined to qualify as a REIT, to continue to qualify as a REIT or (ii) to avoid the Managing Member incurring any taxes under Section 857 or Section 4981 of the Code, is expressly authorized under this Agreement and is deemed approved by all of the Members.
Section 7.10 Title to Company Assets. Company assets, whether real, personal or mixed and whether tangible or intangible, shall be deemed to be owned by the Company as an entity, and no Member, individually or collectively, shall have any ownership interest in such Company assets or any portion thereof. Title to any or all of the Company assets may be held in the name of the Company, the Managing Member or one or more nominees, as the Managing Member may determine, including Affiliates of the Managing Member. The Managing Member hereby covenants, declares and warrants that any Company assets as to which legal title is held in the name of the Managing Member or any nominee or Affiliate of the Managing Member shall be held by the Managing Member or such nominee or Affiliate for the exclusive use and benefit of the Company in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement; provided, however, that the Managing Member shall use its best efforts to cause beneficial and record title to such assets to be vested in the Company as soon as reasonably practicable. All Company assets shall be recorded as the property of the Company in its books and records, irrespective of the name in which legal title to such Company assets is held.
Section 7.11 Reliance by Third Parties. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, any Person dealing with the Company shall be entitled to assume that the Managing Member has full power and authority to encumber, sell or otherwise use in any manner any and all assets of the Company and to enter into any contracts on behalf of the Company, and such Person shall be entitled to deal with the Managing Member as if it were the Company’s sole party in interest, both legally and beneficially. Each Non-Managing Member hereby waives any and all defenses or other remedies which may be available against such Person to contest, negate or disaffirm any action of the Managing Member in connection with any such dealing. In no event shall any Person dealing with the Managing Member or its representatives be obligated to ascertain that the terms of this Agreement have been complied with or to inquire into the necessity or expedience of any act or action of the Managing Member or its representatives. Each and every certificate, document or other instrument executed on behalf of the Company by the Managing Member or its representatives shall be conclusive evidence in favor of any and every Person relying thereon or claiming thereunder that (a) at the time of the execution and delivery of such certificate, document or instrument, this Agreement was in full force and effect, (b) the Person executing and delivering such certificate, document or instrument was duly authorized and empowered to do so for and on behalf of the Company and (c) such certificate, document or instrument was duly executed and delivered in accordance with the terms and provisions of this Agreement and is binding upon the Company.
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Article VIII
RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF NON-MANAGING MEMBERS
Section 8.1 Limitation of Liability. The Non-Managing Members shall have no liability under this Agreement except as expressly provided in this Agreement, including Section 10.5 hereof, or under the Act.
Section 8.2 Management of Business. No Non-Managing Member or Assignee (other than the Managing Member, any of its Affiliates or any officer, director, employee, member or agent of the Managing Member, the Company or any of their Affiliates, in their capacity as such) shall take part in the operation, management or control (within the meaning of the Act) of the Company’s business, transact any business in the Company’s name or have the power to sign documents for or otherwise bind the Company. The transaction of any such business by the Managing Member, any of its Affiliates or any officer, director, employee, member or agent or trustee of the Managing Member, the Company or any of their Affiliates, in their capacity as such, shall not affect, impair or eliminate the limitations on the liability of the Non-Managing Members or Assignees under this Agreement.
Section 8.3 Outside Activities of Non-Managing Members. Subject to any agreements entered into pursuant to Section 7.6 hereof and subject to any other agreements entered into by a Non-Managing Member or its Affiliates with the Managing Member, the Company or a Subsidiary, the following rights shall govern outside activities of Non-Managing Members: (a) any Non-Managing Member (other than the Managing Member) and any officer, director, employee, agent, trustee, Affiliate or shareholder of any Non-Managing Member shall be entitled to and may have business interests and engage in business activities in addition to those relating to the Company, including business interests and activities in direct competition with the Company; (b) neither the Company nor any Members shall have any rights by virtue of this Agreement in any business ventures of any Non-Managing Member or Assignee; (c) none of the Non-Managing Members (in their capacities as Non-Managing Members) nor any other Person shall have any rights by virtue of this Agreement or the Company relationship established hereby in any business ventures of any other Person, other than the Managing Member, and such Person shall have no obligation pursuant to this Agreement to offer any interest in any such business ventures to the Company, any Non-Managing Member or any such other Person, even if such opportunity is of a character which, if presented to the Company, any Non-Managing Member or such other Person, could be taken by such Person; (d) the fact that a Non-Managing Member may encounter opportunities to purchase, otherwise acquire, lease, sell or otherwise dispose of real or personal property and may take advantage of such opportunities himself or introduce such opportunities to entities in which it has or has not any interest, shall not subject such Member to liability to the Company or any of the other Members on account of the lost opportunity, and (e) except as otherwise specifically provided herein, nothing contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to prohibit a Non-Managing Member or any Affiliate of a Non-Managing Member from dealing, or otherwise engaging in business, with Persons transacting business with the Company or from providing services relating to the purchase, sale, rental, management or operation of real or personal property (including real estate brokerage services) and receiving compensation therefor, from any Persons who have transacted business with the Company or other third parties. Nothing in this Section 8.3 is intended to alter any fiduciary obligations of any Person under applicable Delaware law.
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Section 8.4 Return of Capital and Priority Among Members. Except pursuant to the Redemption Rights set forth in Section 4.2(e) hereof; no Member shall be entitled to the withdrawal or return of his or her Capital Contribution, except to the extent of distributions made pursuant to this Agreement or upon termination of the Company as provided herein. No Member or Assignee shall have priority over any other Member or Assignee either as to the return of Capital Contributions or otherwise unless expressly provided in this Agreement, as to profits, losses, distributions or credits.
Section 8.5 Rights of Non-Managing Members Relating to the Company.
(a) Copies of Business Records. In addition to other rights provided by this Agreement or by the Act, and except as limited by Section 8.5(c) hereof, each Non-Managing Member shall have the right, for a purpose reasonably related to such Non-Managing Member’s interest as a Non-Managing Member in the Company, upon written demand with a statement of the purpose of such demand and at such Non-Managing Member’s own expense:
(1) to obtain a copy of the most recent annual and quarterly reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by the Managing Member pursuant to the Exchange Act, and each communication sent to all of the stockholders of the Managing Member;
(2) to obtain a copy of the Company’s Federal, state and local income tax returns for each Membership Year;
(3) to obtain a current list of the name and last known business, residence or mailing address of each Member;
(4) to obtain a copy of this Agreement and the Certificate and all amendments thereto, together with executed copies of all powers of attorney pursuant to which this Agreement, the Certificate and all amendments thereto have been executed; and
(5) to obtain true and full information regarding the amount of cash and a description and statement of any other property or services contributed by each Member and which each Member has agreed to contribute in the future, and the date on which each became a Member.
(b) Notification of Changes in Unit Adjustment Factor. The Company shall notify each Non-Managing Member in writing of any change made to the Unit Adjustment Factor within 10 Business Days of the date such change becomes effective.
(c) Confidential Information. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 8.5, the Managing Member may keep confidential from the Non-Managing Members, for such period of time as the Managing Member determines in its sole and absolute discretion to be reasonable, any Company information that (i) the Managing Member believes to be in the nature of trade secrets or other information the disclosure of which the Managing Member in good faith believes is not in the best interests of the Company or (ii) the Company is required by law or by agreements with unaffiliated third parties to keep confidential.
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(d) Debt Allocation. The Managing Member may allow (but shall not be required to allow) any Non-Managing Member to guarantee on a “bottom dollar basis,” an amount of indebtedness of the Company or any successor thereto, as is necessary from time to time to provide an allocation of debt to such Non-Managing Member equal to the amount of debt then required to be allocated to such Non-Managing Member to enable such Non-Managing Member to avoid recognizing gain pursuant to Section 731(a)(1) of the Code as a result of a deemed distribution of money to such Non-Managing Member pursuant to Section 752(b) of the Code. The Managing Member may, in its discretion, permit other Non-Managing Members to provide similar guarantees from time to time or as a result of minimum gain chargebacks.
(e) Notice for Certain Transactions. In the event of (a) a dissolution or liquidation of the Company or the Managing Member, (b) a merger, consolidation or combination of the Company or the Managing Member with or into another Person (including the events set forth in Sections 11.2(c) and 11.2(d)), (c) the sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company or the Managing Member, or (d) the transfer by the Managing Member of all or any part of its interest in the Company, the Managing Member shall give written notice thereof to each Non-Managing Member at least twenty (20) Business Days prior to the effective date or, to the extent applicable, record date of such transaction, whichever comes first.
Article IX
BOOKS, RECORDS, ACCOUNTING AND REPORTS
Section 9.1 Records and Accounting. The Managing Member shall keep or cause to be kept at the principal office of the Company appropriate books and records with respect to the Company’s business, including, without limitation, all books and records necessary to provide to the Non-Managing Members any information, lists and copies of documents required to be provided pursuant to Section 9.3 hereof or required by the Act. Any records maintained by or on behalf of the Company in the regular course of its business may be kept on, or be in the form of, punch cards, magnetic tape, photographs, micrographics or any other information storage device; provided, however, that the records so maintained are convertible into clearly legible written form within a reasonable period of time. The books of the Company shall be maintained for financial purposes on an accrual basis in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and for tax reporting purposes on the accrual basis.
Section 9.2 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Company shall be the calendar year.
Section 9.3 Reports.
(a) Annual Reports. As soon as practicable, but in no event later than 120 days after the close of each Membership Year, or such earlier date that they are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Managing Member shall cause to be mailed to each Non-Managing Member as of the close of the Membership Year, an annual report containing financial statements of the Company, or of the Managing Member if such statements are prepared solely on a consolidated basis with the Managing Member, for such Membership Year, presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, such statements to be audited by a nationally recognized fine of independent public accountants selected by the Managing Member.
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(b) Quarterly Reports. As soon as practicable, but in no event later than 60 days after the close of each calendar quarter (except the last calendar quarter of each year), or such earlier date that they are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Managing Member shall cause to be mailed to each Non-Managing Member as of the last day of the calendar quarter, a report containing unaudited financial statements of the Company, or of the Managing Member, if such statements are prepared solely on a consolidated basis with the Managing Member, and such other information as may be required by applicable law or regulation, or as the Managing Member determines to be appropriate.
Article X
TAX MATTERS
Section 10.1 Preparation of Tax Returns. The Managing Member shall arrange for the preparation and timely filing of all returns of Company income, gains, deductions, losses and other items required of the Company for Federal and state income tax purposes and shall use all reasonable efforts to furnish the tax information reasonably required by the Managing Member and the Non-Managing Members for Federal and state income tax reporting purposes within 60 days after the close of such taxable year. Each Non-Managing Member shall promptly provide the Managing Member with any information reasonably requested by the Managing Member relating to any Contributed Property contributed (directly or indirectly) by such Non-Managing Member to the Company.
Section 10.2 Tax Elections. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Managing Member shall, in its sole and absolute discretion, determine whether to make any available election pursuant to the Code, except that the election under Section 754 of the Code in accordance with applicable regulations thereunder shall be made at the request of any Member. The Managing Member shall have the right to seek to revoke any such election (including without limitation, any election under Section 754 of the Code) upon the Managing Member’s determination in its sole and absolute discretion that such revocation is the best interests of the Members.
Section 10.3 Tax Matters Member.
(a) General. The Managing Member shall be the “tax matters partner” of the Company pursuant to Section 6231(a)(7) of the Code (to the extent applicable) and the “partnership representative” pursuant to Section 6223(a) of the Code (as amended by the Budget Act) for Federal income tax purposes (collectively, the “tax matters Member”). The Managing Member is authorized to take (or cause the Company to take) such actions as may be reasonably necessary pursuant to the Regulations or other guidance to cause the Managing Member to be designated as the “partnership representative,” and each Member agrees to (1) consent to such designation to the extent requested by the Managing Member and (2) provide such information that the Managing Member may reasonably request in connection with performing its duties as the partnership representative. To the extent required under the Code, upon receipt of notice from the IRS of the beginning of an administrative proceeding with respect to the Company, the tax matters Member shall provide the Members notice of such receipt and shall furnish the IRS with the name, address and profit interest of each of the Non-Managing Members; provided, however, that such information is provided to the Company by the Non-Managing Members. The Non-Managing Members shall provide such information to the Company as the Managing Member shall reasonably request.
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(b) Powers. The tax matters Member is authorized to perform all the duties and have all the powers assigned to the “tax matters partner” or “partnership representative” under the Code (as currently in effect under the Budget Act) and the Regulations thereunder (and any comparable provisions of state or local tax law). In addition, to the extent permitted or applicable under the Code, the tax matters Member is authorized, but not required:
(1) to enter into any settlement with the IRS with respect to any administrative or judicial proceedings for the adjustment of Company items required to be taken into account by a Member for income tax purposes (such administrative proceedings being referred to as a “tax audit” and such judicial proceedings being referred to as “judicial review”), and in the settlement agreement the tax matters Member may expressly state that such agreement shall bind all Members, except that such settlement agreement shall not bind any Member (a) who (within the time prescribed pursuant to the Code and Regulations) files a statement with the IRS providing that the tax matters Member shall not have the authority to enter into a settlement agreement on behalf of such Member or (b) who is a “notice Member” (as defined in Section 6231 of the Code) or a member of a “notice group” (as defined in Section 6223(b)(2) of the Code);
(2) in the event that a notice of a final administrative adjustment at the Company level of any item required to be taken into account by a Member for tax purposes (a “final adjustment”) is mailed or otherwise given to the tax matters Member, to seek judicial review of such final adjustment, including the filing of a petition for readjustment with the Tax Court or the United States Claims Court, or the filing of a complaint for refund with the District Court of the United States for the district in which the Company’s principal place of business is located;
(3) to intervene in any action brought by any other Member for judicial review of a final adjustment;
(4) to file a request for an administrative adjustment with the IRS at any time and, if any part of such request is not allowed by the IRS, to file an appropriate pleading (petition, complaint or other document) for judicial review with respect to such request;
(5) to enter into an agreement with the IRS to extend the period for assessing any tax which is attributable to any item required to be taken into account by a Member for tax purposes, or an item affected by such item; and
(6) to take any other action on behalf of the Members of the Company in connection with any tax audit or judicial review proceeding to the extent permitted by applicable law or regulations.
The taking of any action and the incurring of any expense by the tax matters Member in connection with any such proceeding, except to the extent required by law, is a matter in the sole and absolute discretion of the tax matters Member, and the provisions relating to indemnification of the Managing Member set forth in Section 7.7 of this Agreement shall be fully applicable to the tax matters Member in its capacity as such.
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(c) Copies of Documents. The tax matters Member shall, upon the request of any Member, provide such Member with copies of any tax returns, elections or any returns or documents to be filed with the IRS at least ten Business Days prior to the date such filing is required.
(d) Reimbursement. The tax matters Member shall receive no compensation for its services. All third-party costs and expenses incurred by the tax matters Member in performing its duties as such (including legal and accounting fees) shall be borne by the Company. Nothing herein shall be construed to restrict the Company from engaging an accounting firm and a law firm to assist the tax matters Member in discharging its duties hereunder, so long as the compensation paid by the Company for such services is reasonable.
(e) If the Company is obligated to pay any amount to a governmental agency (or otherwise makes a payment) because of a Member’s status or otherwise specifically attributable to a Member (including, without limitation, federal, state or local withholding taxes imposed with respect to any issuance of Membership Interests to a Member or any payments to a Member, federal withholding taxes with respect to foreign Persons, state personal property taxes, state personal property replacement taxes, state unincorporated business taxes, any taxes arising under Sections 6221 through 6241 of the Code (as amended by the Budget Act), etc.), then such Member shall indemnify the Company in full for the entire amount paid (including, without limitation, any interest, penalties and expenses associated with such payments)
(f) The Managing Member shall attempt to allocate the burden of (or any diminution in distributable proceeds resulting from) any taxes, penalties or interest imposed on the Company pursuant to Sections 6221 through 6241 of the Code (as amended by the Budget Act), together with any guidance issued thereunder or successor provisions and any similar provisions of state or local tax laws, to those Members to whom such amounts are specifically attributable (whether as a result of their status, actions, inactions or otherwise) where such allocations can be achieved without unwarranted expense and effort (as measured in relation to the aggregate amount in question) as determined by the Managing Member, and the Members consent to and agree to cooperate with any such efforts. Nothing in this Section 10.3(f) shall be construed to modify or replace the obligations of any Member pursuant to Section 10.3(e).
Section 10.4 Organizational Expenses. The Company shall elect to deduct expenses, if any, incurred by it in organizing the Company ratably over a 60-month period as provided in Section 709 of the Code.
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Section 10.5 Withholding. Each Non-Managing Member hereby authorizes the Company to withhold from or pay on behalf of or with respect to such Non-Managing Member any amount of Federal, state, local or foreign taxes that the Managing Member determines that the Company is required to withhold or pay with respect to any amount distributable or allocable to such Non-Managing Member pursuant to this Agreement, including, without limitation, any taxes required to be withheld or paid by the Company pursuant to Section 1441, 1442, 1445 or 1446 of the Code, or any amounts required to be paid by the Company with respect to a Member under Sections 6225 and 6232 of the Code (as amended by the Budget Act). Any amount paid on behalf of or with respect to a Non-Managing Member shall constitute a loan by the Company to such Non-Managing Member, which loan shall be repaid by such Non-Managing Member within 15 days after notice from the Managing Member that such payment must be made unless (a) the Company withholds such payment from a distribution which would otherwise be made to the Non-Managing Member or (b) the Managing Member determines, in its sole and absolute discretion, that such payment may be satisfied out of the available funds of the Company which would, but for such payment, be distributed to the Non-Managing Member. Any amounts withheld pursuant to the foregoing clauses (a) or (b) shall be treated as having been distributed to such Non-Managing Member. Each Non-Managing Member hereby unconditionally and irrevocably grants to the Company a security interest in such Non-Managing Member’s Membership Interest to secure such Non-Managing Member’s obligation to pay to the Company any amounts required to be paid pursuant to this Section 10.5. In the event that a Non-Managing Member fails to pay any amounts owed to the Company pursuant to this Section 10.5 when due, the Managing Member may, in its sole and absolute discretion, elect to make the payment to the Company on behalf of such defaulting Non-Managing Member, and in such event shall be deemed to have loaned such amount to such defaulting Non-Managing Member and shall succeed to all rights and remedies of the Company as against such defaulting Non-Managing Member (including, without limitation, the right to receive distributions). Any amounts payable by a Non-Managing Member hereunder shall bear interest at the base rate on corporate loans at large United States money center commercial banks, as published from time to time in the Wall Street Journal, plus four percentage points (but not higher than the maximum lawful rate) from the date such amount is due (i.e., 15 days after demand) until such amount is paid in full. Each Non-Managing Member shall take such actions as the Company or the Managing Member shall request in order to perfect or enforce the security interest created hereunder.
Article XI
TRANSFERS AND WITHDRAWALS
Section 11.1 Transfer.
(a) Definition. The term “transfer,” when used in this Article XI with respect to a Membership Unit, shall be deemed to refer to a transaction by which the Managing Member purports to assign its Managing Membership Interest to another Person or by which a Non-Managing Member purports to assign its Non-Managing Membership Interest to another Person, and includes a sale, assignment, gift, pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation, mortgage, exchange or any other disposition by law or otherwise.
(b) Requirements. No Membership Interest shall be transferred, in whole or in part, except in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Article XI.
Any transfer or purported transfer of a Membership Interest not made in accordance with this Article XI shall be null and void.
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Section 11.2 Transfer of Managing Member’s Membership Interest.
(a) General. The Managing Member may not transfer any of its Managing Membership Interest or withdraw as Managing Member except as provided in Section 11.2(b) or in connection with a transaction described in either Section 11.2(c) or Section 11.2(e).
(b) Transfer to Company. The Managing Member may transfer Membership Interests held by it to the Company in accordance with Section 7.5(b) hereof.
(c) Transfer in Connection With Reclassification, Recapitalization, or Business Combination Involving Managing Member. Except as otherwise provided in Section 11.2(d), the Managing Member shall not engage in any merger, consolidation or other business combination with or into another Person or sale of all or substantially all of its assets, or any reclassification, or recapitalization or change of outstanding Common Shares (other than a change in par value, or from par value to no par value, or as a result of a subdivision or combination as described in the definition of “Unit Adjustment Factor”) (“Transaction”), unless as a result of the Transaction each Non-Managing Member thereafter remains entitled to redeem each Membership Unit owned by such Non-Managing Member (after application of the Unit Adjustment Factor) for an amount of cash, securities or other property equal to the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property which such Non-Managing Member would have received from such Transaction, if such Non-Managing Member had exercised its Redemption Right immediately prior to the Transaction, provided that if, in connection with the Transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer shall have been made to and accepted by the holders of more than 50 percent of the outstanding Common Shares, the holders of Common Units shall receive the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property which a Non-Managing Member would have received had it exercised the Redemption Right and received Common Shares in exchange for its Common Units immediately prior to the expiration of such purchase, tender or exchange offer. In connection with any merger, consolidation or business combination described in this Section 11.2(c) in which Common Shares were exchanged for securities of the acquiring Person, the Non-Managing Members shall (unless Non-Managing Members Consent is obtained) remain entitled to exercise their Redemption Right with respect to such Person and the Unit Adjustment Factor shall continue to apply.
(d) Merger Involving Managing Member Where Surviving Entity’s Assets Contributed to Company. Notwithstanding Section 11.2(c), the Managing Member may merge with another entity if, under the terms of the transaction, Non-Managing Members will not engage in a sale or exchange for Federal income tax purposes and immediately after such merger substantially all of the assets of the surviving entity, other than Membership Units held by the Managing Member, are contributed to the Company as a Capital Contribution in exchange for Membership Units with a fair market value equal to the 704(c) Value of the assets so contributed.
(e) Pledge of Membership Units by Managing Member. The Managing Member may (i) pledge its Managing Membership Interest as security for any obligations of the Company or the Managing Member under any credit facility that the Company may enter into from time to time, and (ii) transfer such Managing Membership Interest in the event of any foreclosure (or in lieu of any foreclosure) on such pledge.
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Section 11.3 Non-Managing Members’ Rights to Transfer.
(a) General. Prior to twelve (12) months after the closing of the initial public offering of Common Shares, no Non-Managing Member shall transfer all or any portion of its Membership Interests to any transferee without the consent of the Managing Member, which consent may be withheld in its sole and absolute discretion. After such twelve (12) month anniversary and subject to the remaining provisions of this Section 11.3 as well as Section 11.4, a Non-Managing Member may transfer all or any portion of his Membership Interest, or any of such Non-Managing Member’s rights as a Non-Managing Member, without the prior written consent of the Managing Member. In order to effect such transfer, the Non-Managing Member must deliver to the Managing Member a duly executed copy of the instrument making such transfer and such instrument must evidence the written acceptance by the assignee of all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and represent that such assignment was made in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any transferee of any transferred Membership Interest shall be subject to any and all ownership limitations contained in the Charter. Unless admitted as a Non-Managing Member, no transferee, whether by a voluntary transfer, by operation of law or otherwise, shall have any rights hereunder, other than the rights of an Assignee as provided in Section 11.5.
(b) Incapacitated Non-Managing Members. If a Non-Managing Member is subject to Incapacity, the executor, administrator, trustee, committee, guardian, conservator or receiver of such Non-Managing Member’s estate shall have all the rights of a Non-Managing Member, but not more rights than those enjoyed by other Non-Managing Members for the purpose of settling or managing the estate and such power as the Incapacitated Non-Managing Member possessed to transfer all or any part of his or its interest in the Company. The Incapacity of a Non-Managing Member, in and of itself, shall not dissolve or terminate the Company.
(c) Transfers Contrary to Securities Laws. The Managing Member may prohibit any transfer otherwise permitted under this Section 11.3 by a Non-Managing Member of its Membership Units if, in the opinion of legal counsel to the Company, such transfer would require filing of a registration statement under the Securities Act or would otherwise violate any Federal or state securities laws or regulations applicable to the Company or the Membership Units.
(d) Publicly Traded Partnership Restrictions. No Member may assign or transfer any Membership Unit (or any portion thereof or interest therein) if such assignment or transfer would result in the sum of the percentage interests in Membership Units transferred during the Company’s taxable year exceeding two percent (2%) of the total Membership Units of the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following transfers shall be disregarded in determining whether Membership Units in excess of two percent (2%) of the Membership Units have been transferred during the Company’s taxable year:
(1) transfers in which the tax basis of the Membership Unit in the hands of the transferee is determined, in whole or in part, by reference to the basis of the Membership Unit in the hands of the transferor or is determined under Section 732 of the Code;
(2) transfers at death, including transfers from an estate or testamentary trust;
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(3) transfers between members of a family (for this purpose, including only brothers and sisters (whether by the whole or half blood), spouses, ancestors and lineal descendants);
(4) transfers involving the issuance of interests by (or on behalf of) the Company in exchange for cash, property or services;
(5) transfers involving distributions from a retirement plan qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code or an individual retirement account;
(6) transfers by a Member and any related persons (within the meaning of Section 267(b) or 707(b)(1) of the Code) in one or more transactions during any 30 calendar day period of Membership Units representing in the aggregate more than two percent (2%) of the total Membership Units;
(7) transfers by one or more Members of Membership Units representing in the aggregate 50 percent or more of the total Membership Units in one transaction or a series of related transactions; and
(8) transfers made pursuant to Section 4.2(e) that are made on a Non-Restricted Transfer Date.
Any Member seeking to transfer or assign Membership Units pursuant to any of the foregoing disregarded transfers shall, prior to such transfer or assignment, deliver to the Company a certificate of a duly authorized officer of such Member setting forth the facts relating to such transfer or assignment and the basis for disregarding such transfer for these purposes. The Company shall, in the sole and absolute discretion of the Managing Member, determine whether to permit such transfer or assignment; provided, that any transfer that complies with any exception in Section 11.3(d)(1) through (d)(8) shall be permitted. Any attempted transfer or assignment in contravention of the provisions of this Section 11.3(d) or that is not permitted by the Managing Member pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be null and void ab initio, the purported transferor shall continue to be the Member for all purposes and the purported transferee shall not become a Member as a result of such purported transfer, and the Company shall in no event admit such purported transferee as a Member or otherwise recognize any rights of such purported transferee (including, without limitation, any right to receive distributions (directly or indirectly) or to acquire any interest in the capital or profits of the Company). Any Member seeking to transfer or assign Membership Units may request confirmation from the Company that such transfer or assignment is permissible under Section 11.3(a) or the first sentence of this Section 11.3(d).
Section 11.4 Substituted Non-Managing Members.
(a) Consent of Managing Member Required. A Non-Managing Member shall have the right in its discretion to substitute a transferee as a Non-Managing Member in his place, in which event such substitution shall occur if the Non-Managing Member so provides; provided, however, that any transferee desiring to become a Substituted Non-Managing Member must furnish to the Managing Member (i) evidence of acceptance in form satisfactory to the Managing Member of all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including, without limitation, the power of attorney granted in Article XVI and (ii) such other documents or instruments as may be required in the reasonable discretion of the Managing Member in order to effect such Person’s admission as a Substituted Non-Managing Member.
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(b) Rights and Duties of Substituted Non-Managing Members. A transferee who has been admitted as a Substituted Non-Managing Member in accordance with this Article XI shall have all the rights and powers and be subject to all the restrictions and liabilities of a Non-Managing Member under this Agreement.
(c) Amendment of Exhibit A. Upon the admission of a Substituted Non-Managing Member, the Managing Member shall amend Exhibit A to reflect the name, address, number of Membership Units and Percentage Interest of such Substituted Non-Managing Member and to eliminate or adjust, if necessary, the name, address and interest of the predecessor of such Substituted Non-Managing Member.
Section 11.5 Assignees. If a Non-Managing Member, in its sole and absolute discretion, does not provide for the admission of any permitted transferee under Section 11.4(a) as a Substituted Non-Managing Member, as described in Section 11.4, such transferee shall be considered an Assignee for purposes of this Agreement. An Assignee shall be entitled to all the rights of an assignee of a Non-Managing Membership Interest under the Act, including the right to receive distributions from the Company and the share of Net Income, Net Losses, gain, loss and Recapture Income attributable to the Membership Units assigned to such transferee, but shall not be deemed to be a holder of Membership Units for any other purpose under this Agreement, and shall not be entitled to vote such Membership Units in any matter presented to the Non-Managing Members for a vote (such Membership Units being deemed to have been voted on such matter in the same proportion as all Membership Units held by Non-Managing Members are voted). In the event any such transferee desires to make a further assignment of any such Membership Units, such transferee shall be subject to all the provisions of this Article XI to the same extent and in the same manner as any Non-Managing Member desiring to make an assignment of Membership Units.
Section 11.6 General Provisions.
(a) Withdrawal of Non-Managing Member. No Non-Managing Member may withdraw from the Company other than as a result of (i) a permitted transfer of all of such Non-Managing Member’s Membership Units in accordance with this Article XI and the transferee of such Membership Units being admitted to the Company as a Substituted Non-Managing Member or (ii) pursuant to redemption or exchange of all of its Membership Units under Section 4.2(e).
(b) Transfer of All Membership Units by Non-Managing Member. Any Non-Managing Member who shall transfer all of his Membership Units in a transfer permitted pursuant to this Article XI where the transferee was admitted as a Substituted Non-Managing Member or pursuant to the redemption or exchange of all of its Membership Units under Section 4.2(e) shall cease to be a Non-Managing Member.
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(c) Timing of Transfers. Transfers pursuant to this Article XI may only be made on the first day of a calendar month of the Company or on a Non-Restricted Transfer Date, unless the Managing Member otherwise agrees.
(d) Allocation When Transfer Occurs. If any Membership Interest is transferred during any quarterly segment of the Company’s fiscal year in compliance with the provisions of this Article XI or redeemed or converted pursuant to Section 4.2(e), Net Income, Net Losses, each item thereof and all other items attributable to such interest for such fiscal year shall be divided and allocated between the transferor Member and the transferee Member in accordance with the method determined by the Managing Member, provided that such method shall be permissible under Section 706(d) of the Code and the regulations issued thereunder. For purposes of making such allocations, the Managing Member is hereby authorized to select any method, convention or extraordinary item permitted under Regulations Section 1.706-4 as the Managing Member determines necessary or appropriate, which selection shall be set forth in a dated, written statement maintained with the Company’s books and records. The Members hereby agree that any such selection by the Managing Member is made by “agreement of the partners” within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.706-4(f). Solely for purposes of making such allocations, each of such items for the calendar month in which the transfer or redemption occurs shall be allocated to the Person who is a Member as of midnight on the last day of said month. All distributions of Available Cash with respect to which the Membership Record Date is before the date of such transfer or redemption shall be made to the transferor Member, and all distributions of Available Cash with Membership Record Dates thereafter shall be made to the transferee Member.
Article XII
ADMISSION OF MEMBERS
Section 12.1 Admission of Successor Managing Member. A successor to all of the Managing Member’s Managing Membership Interest pursuant to Section 11.2 hereof who is proposed to be admitted as a successor Managing Member shall be admitted to the Company as the Managing Member, effective upon such transfer. Any such transferee shall carry on the business of the Company without dissolution. In each case, the admission shall be subject to the successor Managing Member executing and delivering to the Company an acceptance of all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and such other documents or instruments as may be required to effect the admission.
Section 12.2 Admission of Additional Non-Managing Members.
(a) General. A Person who makes a Capital Contribution to the Company in accordance with this Agreement or who exercises an option to receive Membership Units shall be admitted to the Company as an Additional Non-Managing Member only upon furnishing to the Managing Member (i) evidence of acceptance in form reasonably satisfactory to the Managing Member of all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including, without limitation, the power of attorney granted in Article XVI hereof and (ii) such other documents or instruments as may be required in the reasonable discretion of the Managing Member in order to effect such Person’s admission as an Additional Non-Managing Member.
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(b) Consent of Managing Member Required. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 12.2, no Person shall be admitted as an Additional Non-Managing Member without the consent of the Managing Member, which consent may be given or withheld in the Managing Member’s sole and absolute discretion. The admission of any Person as an Additional Non-Managing Member shall become effective on the date upon which the name of such Person is recorded on the books and records of the Company, following the consent of the Managing Member to such admission.
Section 12.3 Amendment of Agreement and Certificate. For the admission to the Company of any Member, the Managing Member shall take all steps necessary and appropriate under the Act to amend the records of the Company and, if necessary, to prepare as soon as practical an amendment of this Agreement (including an amendment of Exhibit A) and, if required by law, shall prepare and file an amendment to the Certificate and may for this purpose exercise the power of attorney granted pursuant to Article XVI hereof.
Article XIII
DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION
Section 13.1 Dissolution. The Company shall not be dissolved by the admission of Substituted Non-Managing Members or Additional Non-Managing Members or by the admission of a successor Managing Member in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. The Company shall dissolve, and its affairs shall be wound up, upon the first to occur of any of the following (“Events of Dissolution”):
(a) Withdrawal of Managing Member—an event of withdrawal of the Managing Member, as defined in the Act, unless, within 90 days after the withdrawal, all the remaining Members agree in writing to continue the business of the Company and to the appointment, effective as of the date of withdrawal, of a substitute Managing Member;
(b) Voluntary Dissolution—from and after the date of this Agreement, with the Consent of a majority of the Percentage Interests of the Non-Managing Members, an election to dissolve the Company made by the Managing Member, in its sole and absolute discretion;
(c) Judicial Dissolution Decree—entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of the Company pursuant to the provisions of the Act;
(d) Sale of Company’s Assets—the sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the assets and properties of the Company or a related series of transactions that, taken together, result in the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company;
(e) Bankruptcy or Insolvency of Managing Member—the Managing Member
(1) makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors;
(2) files a voluntary petition in bankruptcy;
(3) is adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or has entered against it an order for relief in any bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding;
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(4) files a petition or answer seeking for itself any reorganization, arrangement, composition, readjustment, liquidation, dissolution or similar relief under any statute, law or regulation;
(5) files an answer or other pleading admitting or failing to contest the material allegations of a petition filed against it in any proceeding of this nature; or
(6) seeks, consents to or acquiesces in the appointment of a trustee, receiver or liquidator of the Managing Member or of all or any substantial part of its properties; or
(f) Readjustment, etc. One hundred and twenty (120) days after the commencement of any proceeding against the Managing Member seeking reorganization, arrangement, composition, readjustment, liquidation, dissolution or similar relief under any statute, law or regulation, the proceeding has not been dismissed, or if within 90 days after the appointment without the Managing Member’s consent or acquiescence of a trustee, receiver or liquidator of the Managing Member or of all or any substantial part of its properties, the appointment is not vacated or stayed, or within 90 days after the expiration of any such stay, the appointment is not vacated.
Section 13.2 Winding Up.
(a) General. Upon the occurrence of an Event of Dissolution, the Company shall continue solely for the purposes of winding up its affairs in an orderly manner, liquidating its assets and satisfying the claims of its creditors and Members. No Member shall take any action that is inconsistent with, or not necessary to or appropriate for, the winding up of the Company’s business and affairs. The Managing Member (or, in the event there is no remaining Managing Member, any Person elected by a majority in interest of the Non-Managing Members (the “Liquidator”)) shall be responsible for overseeing the winding up and dissolution of the Company and shall take full account of the Company’s liabilities and property and the Company property shall be liquidated as promptly as is consistent with obtaining the fair value thereof, and the proceeds therefrom (which may, to the extent determined by the Managing Member, include shares of stock in the Managing Member) shall be applied and distributed in the following order:
(1) First, to the payment and discharge of all of the Company’s debts and liabilities to creditors other than the Members;
(2) Second, to the payment and discharge of all of the Company’s debts and liabilities to the Managing Member;
(3) Third, to the payment and discharge of all of the Company’s debts and liabilities to the Members, pro rata in accordance with amounts owed to each such Member; and
(4) The balance, if any, to the Managing Member and Non-Managing Members in accordance with their Capital Accounts, after giving effect to all contributions, distributions and allocations for all periods.
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The Managing Member shall not receive any additional compensation for any services performed pursuant to this Article XIII other than reimbursement of its expenses as provided for in Section 7.4.
(b) Where Immediate Sale of Company’s Assets Impractical. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 13.2(a) hereof which require liquidation of the assets of the Company, but subject to the order of priorities set forth therein, if prior to or upon dissolution of the Company the Liquidator determines that an immediate sale of part or all of the Company’s assets would be impractical or would cause undue loss to the Members, the Liquidator may, in its sole and absolute discretion, defer for a reasonable time the liquidation of any assets except those necessary to satisfy liabilities of the Company (including to those Members as creditors) or, with the Consent of the Non-Managing Members holding a majority of the Non-Managing Membership Units, distribute to the Members, in lieu of cash, as tenants in common and in accordance with the provisions of Section 13.2(a) hereof, undivided interests in such Company assets as the Liquidator deems not suitable for liquidation. Any such distributions in kind shall be made only if, in the good faith judgment of the Liquidator, such distributions in kind are in the best interest of the Members, and shall be subject to such conditions relating to the disposition and management of such properties as the Liquidator deems reasonable and equitable and to any agreements governing the operation of such properties at such time. The Liquidator shall determine the fair market value of any property distributed in kind using such reasonable method of valuation as it may adopt.
Section 13.3 Capital Contribution Obligation. If any Member has a deficit balance in his or her Capital Account (after giving effect to all contributions, distributions and allocations for the taxable years, including the year during which such liquidation occurs), such Member shall have no obligation to make any contribution to the capital of the Company with respect to such deficit, and such deficit at any time shall not be considered a debt owed to the Company or to any other Person for any purpose whatsoever, except to the extent otherwise expressly agreed to by such Member and the Company.
Section 13.4 Compliance with Timing Requirements of Regulations; Allowance for Contingent or Unforeseen Liabilities or Obligations. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, in the event the Company is “liquidated” within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g), distributions shall be made pursuant to this Article XIII to the Managing Member and Non-Managing Members who have positive Capital Accounts in compliance with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(b)(2) (including any timing requirements therein). In the discretion of the Managing Member, a pro rata portion of the distributions that would otherwise be made to the Managing Member and Non-Managing Members pursuant to this Article XIII may be: (i) distributed to a liquidating trust established for the benefit of the Managing Member and Non-Managing Members for the purposes of liquidating Company assets, collecting amounts owed to the Company and paying any contingent or unforeseen liabilities or obligations of the Company or of the Managing Member arising out of or in connection with the Company (the assets of any such trust shall be distributed to the Managing Member and Non-Managing Members from time to time, in the reasonable discretion of the Managing Member, in the same proportions as the amount distributed to such trust by the Company would otherwise have been distributed to the Managing Member and Non-Managing Members pursuant to this Agreement); or (ii) withheld or escrowed to provide a reasonable reserve for Company liabilities (contingent or otherwise) and to reflect the unrealized portion of any installment obligations owed to the Company, provided that such withheld or escrowed amounts shall be distributed to the Managing Member and Non-Managing Members in the manner and priority set forth in Section 13.2(a) as soon as practicable.
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Section 13.5 Other Events. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article XIII, in the event the Company is liquidated within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g) but no Event of Dissolution has occurred, the Company’s property shall not be liquidated, the Company’s liabilities shall not be paid or discharged and the Company’s affairs shall not be wound up. Instead, for federal income tax purposes the Company shall be deemed to have contributed all of its assets and liabilities to a new limited liability company in exchange for an interest in the new limited liability company and, immediately thereafter, the terminated Company shall be deemed to distribute interests in the new Company to the Managing Member and Non-Managing Members in proportion to their respective Membership Interests in liquidation of the terminated Company.
Section 13.6 Rights of Non-Managing Members. Except as specifically provided in this Agreement, each Non-Managing Member shall look solely to the assets of the Company for the return of his Capital Contribution and shall have no right or power to demand or receive property other than cash from the Company. Except as specifically provided in this Agreement, no Non-Managing Member shall have priority over any other Non-Managing Member as to the return of his Capital Contributions, distributions or allocations.
Section 13.7 Notice of Dissolution. In the event an Event of Dissolution or an event occurs that would, but for provisions of Section 13.1, result in a dissolution of the Company, the Managing Member shall, within 30 days thereafter, provide written notice thereof to each of the Members and to all other parties with whom the Company regularly conducts business (as determined in the discretion of the Managing Member) and shall publish notice thereof in a newspaper of general circulation in each place in which the Company regularly conducts business (as determined in the discretion of the Managing Member).
Section 13.8 Cancellation of Certificate. Upon the completion of the liquidation of the Company as provided in Section 13.2 hereof, the Company shall be terminated and the Certificate and all qualifications of the Company as a foreign limited liability company in jurisdictions other than the State of Delaware shall be canceled and such other actions as may be necessary to terminate the Company shall be taken.
Section 13.9 Reasonable Time for Winding-Up. A reasonable time shall be allowed for the orderly winding-up of the business and affairs of the Company and the liquidation of its assets pursuant to Section 13.2 hereof, in order to minimize any losses otherwise attendant upon such winding-up, and the provisions of this Agreement shall remain in effect between the Members during the period of liquidation.
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Article XIV
AMENDMENT OF AGREEMENT; MEETINGS
Section 14.1 Amendments.
(a) General. Amendments to this Agreement may be proposed by the Managing Member or by any Non-Managing Members holding 25 percent or more in the aggregate of the Membership Interests held by all Non-Managing Members. Following such proposal, the Managing Member shall submit any proposed amendment to the Non-Managing Members. The Managing Member shall seek the written vote of the Members on the proposed amendment or shall call a meeting to vote thereon and to transact any other business that it may deem appropriate. For purposes of obtaining a written consent, the Managing Member may require a response within a reasonable specified time, but not less than 15 days, and failure to respond in such time period shall constitute a consent which is consistent with the Managing Member’s recommendation (if so recommended) with respect to the proposal; provided, that, an action shall become effective at such time as requisite consents are received even if prior to such specified time. Except as provided in Section 14.1(b), 14.1(c) or 14.1(d), a proposed amendment shall be adopted and be effective as an amendment hereto if it is approved by the Managing Member and it receives the Consent of Non-Managing Members holding a majority of the Percentage Interests of the Non-Managing Members.
(b) Managing Member’s Power to Amend. Notwithstanding Section 14.1(a), the Managing Member shall have the power, without the consent of the Non-Managing Members, to amend this Agreement as may be required to facilitate or implement any of the following purposes:
(1) to add to the obligations of the Managing Member or surrender for the benefit of the Non-Managing Members any right or power granted to the Managing Member or any Affiliate of the Managing Member;
(2) to reflect the issuance of additional Membership Interests or the admission, substitution, termination or withdrawal of Members in accordance with this Agreement;
(3) to set forth the rights, powers, duties and preferences of the holders of any additional Membership Interests issued pursuant to Section 4.2(b) hereof;
(4) to reflect a change that is of an inconsequential nature and does not adversely affect the Non-Managing Members in any material respect, or to cure any ambiguity, correct or supplement any provision in this Agreement not inconsistent with law or with other provisions;
(5) to satisfy any requirements, conditions or guidelines contained in any order, directive, opinion, ruling or regulation of a Federal or state agency or contained in Federal or state law;
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(6) to reflect such changes as are reasonably necessary for the Managing Member to maintain its status as a REIT, including changes which may be necessitated due to a change in applicable law (or an authoritative interpretation thereof) or a ruling of the IRS; and
(7) to modify the manner in which Capital Accounts are computed as set forth in Section 4.4(e).
The Managing Member will provide notice to the Non-Managing Members when any action under this Section 14.1(b) is taken.
(c) Consent of Adversely Affected Member Required. Notwithstanding Section 14.1(a) and Section 14.1(b) hereof; this Agreement shall not be amended without the Consent of each Member adversely affected if such amendment would (i) convert a Non-Managing Member’s interest in the Company into a Managing Member’s interest (except as a result of the Managing Member acquiring such interest), (ii) modify the limited liability of a Non-Managing Member, (iii) alter rights of the Member to receive distributions pursuant to Article V, or the allocations specified in Article VI (except as permitted pursuant to Section 4.2 and Section 14-1(b)(3) hereof), (iv) alter or modify the Redemption Right as set forth in Sections 4.2(e) and 11.2(b), and related definitions hereof, (v) cause the termination of the Company prior to the time set forth in Sections 2.4 or 13.1 or (vi) amend this Section 14.1(c). Further, no amendment may alter the restrictions on the Managing Member’s authority set forth in Section 7.3 without the Consent specified in that section. This Section 14.1(c) does not require unanimous consent of all Members adversely affected unless the amendment is to be effective against all Members adversely affected.
(d) When Consent of Majority of Non-Managing Membership Interests Required. Notwithstanding Section 14.1(a) hereof, the Managing Member shall not amend Section 4.2(b), the second sentence of Section 7.1(a), Sections 7.5, 7.6, 7.8, 11.2, and 14.1(c), this Section 14.1(d) or Section 14.2 without the Consent of two-thirds of the Percentage Interests of the Non-Managing Members.
Section 14.2 Meetings of the Members.
(a) General. Meetings of the Members may be called by the Managing Member and shall be called upon the receipt by the Managing Member of a written request by Non-Managing Members holding 25 percent or more of the Membership Interests. The call shall state the nature of the business to be transacted. Notice of any such meeting shall be given to all Members not less than seven days nor more than 30 days prior to the date of such meeting. Members may vote in person or by proxy at such meeting. Whenever the vote or Consent of Members is permitted or required under this Agreement, such vote or Consent may be given at a meeting of Members or may be given in accordance with the procedure prescribed in Section 14.1 hereof. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, the Consent of holders of a majority of the Percentage Interests shall control.
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(b) Informal Action. Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Members may be taken without a meeting if a written Consent setting forth the action so taken is signed by a majority of the Percentage Interests of the Members (or such other percentage as is expressly required by this Agreement). Such Consent may be in one instrument or in several instruments, and shall have the same force and effect as a vote of a majority of the Percentage Interests of the Members (or such other percentage as is expressly required by this Agreement). Such Consent shall be filed with the Managing Member. An action so taken shall be deemed to have been taken at a meeting held on the effective date so certified.
(c) Proxies. Each Non-Managing Member may authorize any Person or Persons to act for him by proxy on all matters in which a Non-Managing Member is entitled to participate, including waiving notice of any meeting, or voting or participating at a meeting. Every proxy must be signed by the Non-Managing Member or his attorney-in-fact. No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of 11 months from the date thereof unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Every proxy shall be revocable at the pleasure of the Non-Managing Member executing it.
(d) Conduct of Meeting. Each meeting of Members shall be conducted by the Managing Member or such other Person as the Managing Member may appoint pursuant to such rules for the conduct of the meeting as the Managing Member or such other Person deems appropriate.
Article XV
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 15.1 Addresses and Notice. All notices and demands under this Agreement shall be in writing, and may be either delivered personally (which shall include deliveries by courier), by telefax, telex or other wire transmission (with request for assurance of receipt in a manner appropriate with respect to communications of that type, provided that a confirmation copy is concurrently sent by a nationally recognized express courier for overnight delivery) or mailed, postage prepaid, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, directed to the parties at their respective addresses set forth on Exhibit A, as it may be amended from time to time, and, if to the Company, such notices and demands sent in the aforesaid manner must be delivered at its principal place of business set forth above. Unless delivered personally or by telefax, telex or other wire transmission as above (which shall be effective on the date of such delivery or transmission), any notice shall be deemed to have been made three (3) days following the date so mailed. Any party hereto may designate a different address to which notices and demands shall thereafter be directed by written notice given in the same manner and directed to the Company at its office hereinabove set forth.
Section 15.2 Titles and Captions. All article or section titles or captions in this Agreement are for convenience only. They shall not be deemed part of this Agreement and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope or intent of any provisions hereof. Except as specifically provided otherwise, references to “Articles” and “Sections” are to Articles and Sections of this Agreement.
Section 15.3 Pronouns and Plurals. Whenever the context may require, any pronoun used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine or neuter forms, and the singular form of nouns, pronouns and verbs shall include the plural and vice versa.
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Section 15.4 Further Action. The parties shall execute and deliver all documents, provide all information and take or refrain from taking action as may be necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this Agreement.
Section 15.5 Binding Effect. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns.
Section 15.6 Waiver of Partition. The Members hereby agree that the Company Properties are not and will not be suitable for partition. Accordingly, each of the Members hereby irrevocably waives any and all rights (if any) that it may have to maintain any action for partition of any of the Company Properties.
Section 15.7 Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the parties with respect to the matters contained herein; it supersedes any prior agreements or understandings among them and it may not be modified or amended in any manner other than pursuant to Article XIV.
Section 15.8 Securities Law Provisions. The Membership Units have not been registered under the Federal or state securities laws of any state and, therefore, may not be resold unless appropriate Federal and state securities laws, as well as the provisions of Article XI hereof, have been complied with.
Section 15.9 Remedies Not Exclusive. Any remedies herein contained for breaches of obligations hereunder shall not be deemed to be exclusive and shall not impair the right of any party to exercise any other right or remedy, whether for damages, injunction or otherwise.
Section 15.10 Time. Time is of the essence of this Agreement.
Section 15.11 Creditors. None of the provisions of this Agreement shall be for the benefit of, or shall be enforceable by, any creditor of the Company.
Section 15.12 Waiver. No failure by any party to insist upon the strict performance of any covenant, duty, agreement or condition of this Agreement or to exercise any right or remedy consequent upon a breach thereof shall constitute waiver of any such breach or any other covenant, duty, agreement or condition.
Section 15.13 Execution Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, all of which together shall constitute one agreement binding on all the parties hereto, notwithstanding that all such parties are not signatories to the original or the same counterpart. Each party shall become bound by this Agreement immediately upon affixing its signature hereto.
Section 15.14 Applicable Law. This Agreement shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law.
Section 15.15 Invalidity of Provisions. If any provision of this Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not be affected thereby.
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Section 15.16 No Rights as Stockholders. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed as conferring upon the holders of Membership Units any rights whatsoever as stockholders of the Managing Member, including without limitation any right to receive dividends or other distributions made to stockholders of the Managing Member or to vote or to consent or to receive notice as stockholders in respect of any meeting of stockholders for the election of directors of the Managing Member or any other matter, except as may be provided in the Investors Agreement.
Article XVI
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Section 16.1 Power of Attorney.
(a) Scope. Each Non-Managing Member and each Assignee constitutes and appoints the Managing Member, any Liquidator and authorized officers and attorneys-in-fact of each, and each of those acting singly, in each case with full power of substitution, as its true and lawful agent and attorney-in-fact, with full power and authority in its name, place and stead to:
(1) execute, swear to, acknowledge, deliver, publish, file and record in the appropriate public offices (a) all certificates, documents and other instruments (including, without limitation, this Agreement and the Certificate and all amendments or restatements thereof) that the Managing Member or the Liquidator deems appropriate or necessary to form, qualify or continue the existence or qualification of the Company as a limited liability company (or an entity in which the Non-Managing Members have limited liability) in the State of Delaware and in all other jurisdictions in which the Company may conduct business or own property; (b) all instruments that the Managing Member or any Liquidator deems appropriate or necessary to reflect any amendment, change, modification or restatement of this Agreement in accordance with its terms; (c) all conveyances and other instruments or documents that the Managing Member or any Liquidator deems appropriate or necessary to reflect the dissolution and liquidation of the Company pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, including, without limitation, a certificate of cancellation; (d) all instruments relating to the admission, withdrawal, removal or substitution of any Member pursuant to, or other events described in, Article XI, XII or XIII hereof or the Capital Contribution of any Member; and (e) all certificates, documents and other instruments relating to the determination of the rights, preferences and privileges of Membership Interests; and
(2) execute, swear to, acknowledge and file all ballots, consents, approvals, waivers, certificates and other instruments appropriate or necessary, in the sole and absolute discretion of the Managing Member, to make, evidence, give, confirm or ratify any vote, consent, approval, agreement or other action which is made or given by the Members hereunder or is consistent with the terms of this Agreement or appropriate or necessary, in the sole discretion of the Managing Member, to effectuate the terms or intent of this Agreement.
Nothing contained herein shall be construed as authorizing the Managing Member to amend this Agreement except in accordance with Article XIV hereof or as may be otherwise expressly provided for in this Agreement.
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(b) Irrevocability. The foregoing power of attorney is hereby declared to be irrevocable and a power coupled with an interest, in recognition of the fact that each of the Members will be relying upon the power of the Managing Member to act as contemplated by this Agreement in any filing or other action by it on behalf of the Company, and it shall survive and not be affected by the subsequent Incapacity of any Non-Managing Member or Assignee and the transfer of all or any portion of such Non-Managing Member’s or Assignee’s Membership Units and shall extend to such Non-Managing Member’s or Assignee’s heirs, successors, assigns and personal representatives. Each such Non-Managing Member or Assignee hereby agrees to be bound by any representation made by the Managing Member, acting in good faith pursuant to such power of attorney; and each such Non-Managing Member or Assignee hereby waives any and all defenses which may be available to contest, negate or disaffirm the action of the Managing Member, taken in good faith under such power of attorney. Each Non-Managing Member or Assignee shall execute and deliver to the Managing Member or the Liquidator, within 15 days after receipt of the Managing Member’s request therefor, such further designation, powers of attorney and other instruments as the Managing Member or the Liquidator, as the case may be, deems necessary to effectuate this Agreement and the purposes of the Company.
Article XVII
SERIES F PREFERRED UNITS
Section 17.1 Designation and Number. A series of Membership Interests in the Company designated as the “6.450% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units” (the “Series F Preferred Units”) is hereby established. The number of Series F Preferred Units shall be 3,000,000 all of which shall be owned by the Managing Member.
Section 17.2 Distributions.
(a) Payment of Distributions. Subject to the rights of Holders of Parity Preferred Units as to the payment of distributions, pursuant to Section 5.1, the Managing Member, as holder of the Series F Preferred Units, will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Company acting through the Managing Member, out of Available Cash, cumulative preferential cash distributions in an amount equal to the Series F Priority Return. Such distributions shall be cumulative, shall accrue from the original date of issuance and will be payable (i) quarterly (such quarterly periods for purposes of payment and accrual will be the quarterly periods ending on the dates specified in this sentence and not calendar quarters) in arrears, on the 15th calendar day of January, April, July and October of each year commencing on July 15, 2016, and, (ii) in the event of a redemption of Series F Preferred Units, on the redemption date (each a “Series F Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date”). If any date on which distributions are to be made on the Series F Preferred Units is not a Business Day, then payment of the distribution to be made on such date will be made on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such delay) except that, if such Business Day is in the next succeeding calendar year, such payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day, in each case with the same force and effect as if made on such date.
(b) Distributions Cumulative. Notwithstanding the foregoing, distributions on the Series F Preferred Units will accrue whether or not the terms and provisions set forth in Section 17.2(b) hereof at any time prohibit the current payment of distributions whether or not the Company has earnings, whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment of such distributions and whether or not such distributions are authorized.
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(c) Priority as to Distributions.
(1) Except as provided in Section 17.2(d) below, no distributions shall be declared or paid or set apart for payment and no other distribution of cash or other property may be declared or made on or with respect to any Parity Preferred Unit or Junior Unit as to distributions (other than a distribution paid in Junior Units as to distributions and upon liquidation) for any period, nor shall any Junior Units or Parity Preferred Units as to distributions or upon liquidation be redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired for any consideration and no other distribution of cash or other property may be made, directly or indirectly, on or with respect thereto by the Company (except by conversion into or exchange for Junior Units as to distributions and upon liquidation, and except for the redemption of Membership Interests corresponding to any Series F Preferred Shares or Parity Preferred (as defined in the Series F Articles Supplementary) to be purchased by the Managing Member pursuant to the Charter to the extent necessary to preserve the Managing Member’s status as a real estate investment trust, provided that such redemption shall be upon the same terms as the corresponding stock purchase pursuant to the Charter), unless full cumulative distributions on the Series F Preferred Units for all past periods and the then current period shall have been or contemporaneously are (i) declared and paid in cash or (ii) declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash is set apart for such payment.
(2) When distributions are not paid in full (or a sum sufficient for such full payment is not so set apart) upon the Series F Preferred Units and any other Parity Preferred Units as to distributions, all distributions declared upon the Series F Preferred Units and each such other classes or series of Parity Preferred Units as to the payment of distributions shall be declared pro rata so that the amount of distributions declared per Series F Preferred Unit and such other classes or series of Parity Preferred Units shall in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that accrued distribution per Series F Preferred Unit and such other class or series of Parity Preferred Units (which shall not include any accrual in respect of unpaid distribution on such other class or series of Parity Preferred Units for prior distribution periods if such other class or series of Parity Preferred Unit does not have a cumulative distribution) bear to each other. No interest, or sum of money in lieu of interest, shall be payable in respect of any distribution payment or payments on the Series F Preferred Units which may be in arrears.
(d) No Further Rights. The Managing Member, as holder of the Series F Preferred Units, shall not be entitled to any distributions, whether payable in cash, other property or otherwise, in excess of the full cumulative distributions described herein. Any distribution payment made on the Series F Preferred Units shall first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid distribution due with respect to such Series F Preferred Units which remain payable. Accrued but unpaid distributions on the Series F Preferred Units will accumulate as of the Series F Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date on which they first become payable.
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Section 17.3 Liquidation Proceeds.
(a) Distributions. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company, distributions on the Series F Preferred Units shall be made in accordance with Article XIII hereof.
(b) Notice. Written notice of any such voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, stating the payment date or dates when, and the place or places where, the amounts distributable in such circumstances shall be payable, shall be given by the Managing Member pursuant to Section 13.7 hereof.
(c) No Further Rights. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the Managing Member, as holder of the Series F Preferred Units will have no right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the Company.
(d) Consolidation, Merger or Certain Other Transactions. The voluntary sale, conveyance, lease, exchange or transfer (for cash, shares of stock, securities or other consideration) of all or substantially all of the property or assets of the Company to, or the consolidation or merger or other business combination of the Company with or into, any corporation, trust or other entity (or of any corporation, trust or other entity with or into the Company) shall not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company.
Section 17.4 Redemption.
(a) Redemption. If the Managing Member elects to redeem any of the Series F Preferred Shares in accordance with the terms of the Series F Articles Supplementary, the Company shall, on the date set for redemption of such Series F Preferred Shares, redeem the number of Series F Preferred Units equal to the number of Series F Preferred Shares for which the Managing Member has given notice of redemption pursuant to Sections 5 and 6 of the Series F Articles Supplementary, at a redemption price, payable in cash, equal to the positive value of the Capital Accounts attributable to the Series F Preferred Shares of the Member being redeemed.
(b) Procedures for Redemption. The following provisions set forth the procedures for redemption:
(1) Notice of redemption will be given by the Managing Member to the Company concurrently with the notice of the Managing Member sent to the holders of its Series F Preferred Shares in connection with such redemption. Such notice shall state: (i) the redemption date; (ii) the redemption price; (iii) the number of Series F Preferred Units to be redeemed; (iv) the place or places where the Series F Preferred Units are to be surrendered for payment of the redemption price; and (v) that distributions on the Series F Preferred Units to be redeemed will cease to accumulate on such redemption date. If less than all of the Series F Preferred Units are to be redeemed, the notice shall also specify the number of Series F Preferred Units to be redeemed.
(2) On or after the redemption date, the Managing Member shall present and surrender the certificates, if any, representing the Series F Preferred Units to the Company at the place designated in the notice of redemption and thereupon the redemption price of such Units shall be paid to the Managing Member and each surrendered Unit certificate, if any, shall be canceled. If fewer than all the Units represented by any such certificate representing Series F Preferred Units are to be redeemed, a new certificate shall be issued representing the unredeemed shares.
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(3) From and after the redemption date (unless the Company defaults in payment of the redemption price), all distributions on the Series F Preferred Units designated for redemption in such notice shall cease to accumulate and all rights of the Managing Member, except the right to receive the redemption price thereof (including all accumulated and unpaid distributions up to, but not including, the redemption date), shall cease and terminate, and such Series F Preferred Units shall not be deemed to be outstanding for any purpose whatsoever. At its election, the Company, prior to a redemption date, may irrevocably deposit the redemption price (including accumulated and unpaid distributions to the redemption date) of the Series F Preferred Units so called for redemption in trust for the Managing Member with a bank or trust company, in which case the redemption notice to Managing Member shall (i) state the date of such deposit, (ii) specify the office of such bank or trust company as the place of payment of the redemption price and (iii) require the Managing Member to surrender the certificates, if any, representing such Series F Preferred Units at such place on or about the date fixed in such redemption notice (which may not be later than the redemption date) against payment of the redemption price (including all accumulated and unpaid distributions as the redemption date). Any monies so deposited which remain unclaimed by the Managing Member at the end of two years after the redemption date shall be returned by such bank or trust company to the Managing Member.
Section 17.5 Conversion. The Series F Preferred Units are not convertible into or exchangeable for any other property or securities of the Company, except as provided herein.
(a) In the event of a conversion of any Series F Preferred Shares into Common Shares in accordance with the Series F Articles Supplementary, upon conversion of such Series F Preferred Shares, the Company shall convert an equal whole number of the Series F Preferred Units into Common Units as such Series F Preferred Shares are converted into Common Shares. In the event of the conversion of any Series F Preferred Shares into Alternative Conversion Consideration (as defined in the Series F Articles Supplementary) in accordance with the Series F Articles Supplementary, the Company shall retire a number of Series F Preferred Units equal to the number of Series F Preferred Shares converted into such Alternative Conversion Consideration. In the event of a conversion of the Series F Preferred Shares into Common Shares, to the extent the Managing Member is required to pay cash in lieu of fractional Common Shares pursuant to the Series F Articles Supplementary in connection with such conversion, the Company shall distribute an equal amount of cash to the Managing Member.
(b) Following any such conversion retirement by the Company pursuant to this Section 17.5, the Managing Member shall make such revisions to this Agreement as it determines are necessary to reflect such conversion.
Section 17.6 Ranking. The Series F Preferred Units shall, with respect to distribution rights and rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of the Company rank (i) senior to the Common Units and all other Membership Units the terms of which provide that such Membership Units shall rank junior to the Series F Preferred Units; (ii) on a parity with all Parity Preferred Units, which shall expressly include the Series G Preferred Units, the Series H Preferred Units and the Series I Preferred Units; and (iii) junior to all Membership Units which rank senior to the Series F Preferred Units.
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Section 17.7 Voting Rights. The Managing Member shall not have any voting or consent rights in respect of its Membership Interest represented by the Series F Preferred Units.
Section 17.8 Transfer Restriction. The Series F Preferred Units shall not be transferable.
Section 17.9 No Sinking Fund. No sinking fund shall be established for the retirement or redemption of Series F Preferred Units.
Article XVIII
series G preferred units
Section 18.1 Designation and Number. A series of Membership Interests in the Company designated as the “Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units” (the “Series G Preferred Units”) is hereby established. The number of Series G Preferred Units shall be 2,650,000 all of which shall be owned by the Managing Member.
Section 18.2 Distributions.
(a) Payment of Distributions. Subject to the rights of Holders of Parity Preferred Units as to the payment of distributions, pursuant to Section 5.1, the Managing Member, as holder of the Series G Preferred Units, will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Company acting through the Managing Member, out of Available Cash, cumulative preferential cash distributions in an amount equal to the Series G Priority Return. Such distributions shall be cumulative, shall accrue from the original date of issuance and will be payable (i) semiannually (such semiannual periods for purposes of payment and accrual will be the semiannual periods ending on the dates specified in this sentence and not calendar semiannual periods) in arrears, on the 15th calendar day of January and July of each year commencing on July 15, 2021, and, (ii) in the event of a redemption of Series G Preferred Units, on the redemption date (each a “Series G Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date”). If any date on which distributions are to be made on the Series G Preferred Units is not a Business Day, then payment of the distribution to be made on such date will be made on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such delay) except that, if such Business Day is in the next succeeding calendar year, such payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day, in each case with the same force and effect as if made on such date.
(b) Distributions Cumulative. Notwithstanding the foregoing, distributions on the Series G Preferred Units will accrue whether or not the terms and provisions set forth in Section 18.2(b) hereof at any time prohibit the current payment of distributions whether or not the Company has earnings, whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment of such distributions and whether or not such distributions are authorized.
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(c) Priority as to Distributions.
(1) Except as provided in Section 18.2(c)(2) below, no distributions shall be declared or paid or set apart for payment and no other distribution of cash or other property may be declared or made on or with respect to any Parity Preferred Unit or Junior Unit as to distributions (other than a distribution paid in Junior Units as to distributions and upon liquidation) for any period, nor shall any Junior Units or Parity Preferred Units as to distributions or upon liquidation be redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired for any consideration and no other distribution of cash or other property may be made, directly or indirectly, on or with respect thereto by the Company (except by conversion into or exchange for Junior Units as to distributions and upon liquidation, and except for the redemption of Membership Interests corresponding to any Series G Preferred Shares or Parity Preferred (as defined in the Series G Articles Supplementary) to be purchased by the Managing Member pursuant to the Charter to the extent necessary to preserve the Managing Member’s status as a real estate investment trust, provided that such redemption shall be upon the same terms as the corresponding stock purchase pursuant to the Charter), unless full cumulative distributions on the Series G Preferred Units for all past periods (excluding, for this purpose, any adjustment to the amount of the dividends made in accordance with the Series G Articles Supplementary) shall have been or contemporaneously are (i) declared and paid in cash or (ii) declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash is set apart for such payment.
(2) When distributions are not paid in full (or a sum sufficient for such full payment is not so set apart) upon the Series G Preferred Units and any other Parity Preferred Units as to distributions, all distributions declared upon the Series G Preferred Units and each such other classes or series of Parity Preferred Units as to the payment of distributions shall be declared pro rata so that the amount of distributions declared per Series G Preferred Unit and such other classes or series of Parity Preferred Units shall in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that accrued distribution per Series G Preferred Unit and such other class or series of Parity Preferred Units (which shall not include any accrual in respect of unpaid distribution on such other class or series of Parity Preferred Units for prior distribution periods if such other class or series of Parity Preferred Unit does not have a cumulative distribution) bear to each other. No interest, or sum of money in lieu of interest, shall be payable in respect of any distribution payment or payments on the Series G Preferred Units which may be in arrears.
(d) No Further Rights. The Managing Member, as holder of the Series G Preferred Units, shall not be entitled to any distributions, whether payable in cash, other property or otherwise, in excess of the full cumulative distributions described herein. Any distribution payment made on the Series G Preferred Units shall first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid distribution due with respect to such Series G Preferred Units which remain payable. Accrued but unpaid distributions on the Series G Preferred Units will accumulate as of the Series G Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date on which they first become payable.
Section 18.3 Liquidation Proceeds.
(a) Distributions. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company, distributions on the Series G Preferred Units shall be made in accordance with Article XIII hereof.
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(b) Notice. Written notice of any such voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, stating the payment date or dates when, and the place or places where, the amounts distributable in such circumstances shall be payable, shall be given by the Managing Member pursuant to Section 13.7 hereof.
(c) No Further Rights. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the Managing Member, as holder of the Series G Preferred Units will have no right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the Company.
(d) Consolidation, Merger or Certain Other Transactions. The voluntary sale, conveyance, lease, exchange or transfer (for cash, shares of stock, securities or other consideration) of all or substantially all of the property or assets of the Company to, or the consolidation or merger or other business combination of the Company with or into, any corporation, trust or other entity (or of any corporation, trust or other entity with or into the Company) shall not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company.
Section 18.4 Redemption.
(a) Redemption. If the Managing Member elects to redeem any of the Series G Preferred Shares in accordance with the terms of the Series G Articles Supplementary, the Company shall, on the date set for redemption of such Series G Preferred Shares, redeem the number of Series G Preferred Units equal to the number of Series G Preferred Shares for which the Managing Member has given notice of redemption pursuant to Sections 5 and 6 of the Series G Articles Supplementary, at a redemption price, payable in cash, equal to the positive value of the Capital Accounts attributable to the Series G Preferred Shares of the Member being redeemed.
(b) Procedures for Redemption. The following provisions set forth the procedures for redemption:
(1) Notice of redemption will be given by the Managing Member to the Company concurrently with the notice of the Managing Member sent to the holders of its Series G Preferred Shares in connection with such redemption. Such notice shall state: (i) the redemption date; (ii) the redemption price; (iii) the number of Series G Preferred Units to be redeemed; (iv) the place or places where the Series G Preferred Units are to be surrendered for payment of the redemption price; and (v) that distributions on the Series G Preferred Units to be redeemed will cease to accumulate on such redemption date. If less than all of the Series G Preferred Units are to be redeemed, the notice shall also specify the number of Series G Preferred Units to be redeemed.
(2) On or after the redemption date, the Managing Member shall present and surrender the certificates, if any, representing the Series G Preferred Units to the Company at the place designated in the notice of redemption and thereupon the redemption price of such Units shall be paid to the Managing Member and each surrendered Unit certificate, if any, shall be canceled. If fewer than all the Units represented by any such certificate representing Series G Preferred Units are to be redeemed, a new certificate shall be issued representing the unredeemed shares.
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(3) From and after the redemption date (unless the Company defaults in payment of the redemption price), all distributions on the Series G Preferred Units designated for redemption in such notice shall cease to accumulate and all rights of the Managing Member, except the right to receive the redemption price thereof (including all accumulated and unpaid distributions up to, but not including, the redemption date), shall cease and terminate, and such Series G Preferred Units shall not be deemed to be outstanding for any purpose whatsoever.
(4) If a redemption date falls after the record date for a distribution pursuant to Section 18.2(a) and on or prior to the corresponding Series G Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date, the Managing Member, as holder of the Series G Preferred Units at the close of business of such record date shall be entitled to the distribution on such Series G Preferred Units on the corresponding Series G Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date notwithstanding the redemption of such shares on or prior to such Series G Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date.
Section 18.5 Ranking. The Series G Preferred Units shall, with respect to distribution rights and rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of the Company rank (i) senior to the Common Units and all other Membership Units the terms of which provide that such Membership Units shall rank junior to the Series G Preferred Units; (ii) on a parity with all Parity Preferred Units, which shall expressly include the Series F Preferred Units, the Series H Preferred Units and the Series I Preferred Units; and (iii) junior to all Membership Units which rank senior to the Series G Preferred Units.
Section 18.6 Voting Rights. The Managing Member shall not have any voting or consent rights in respect of its Membership Interest represented by the Series G Preferred Units.
Section 18.7 Transfer Restriction. The Series G Preferred Units shall not be transferable.
Section 18.8 No Sinking Fund. No sinking fund shall be established for the retirement or redemption of Series G Preferred Units.
Article XIX
SERIES H PREFERRED UNITS
Section 19.1 Designation and Number. A series of Membership Interests in the Company designated as the “6.125% Series H Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units” (the “Series H Preferred Units”) is hereby established. The number of Series H Preferred Units shall be 4,600,000 all of which shall be owned by the Managing Member.
Section 19.2 Distributions.
(a) Payment of Distributions. Subject to the rights of Holders of Parity Preferred Units as to the payment of distributions, pursuant to Section 5.1, the Managing Member, as holder of the Series H Preferred Units, will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Company acting through the Managing Member, out of Available Cash, cumulative preferential cash distributions in an amount equal to the Series H Priority Return. Such distributions shall be cumulative, shall accrue from the original date of issuance and will be payable (i) quarterly (such quarterly periods for purposes of payment and accrual will be the quarterly periods ending on the dates specified in this sentence and not calendar quarters) in arrears, on the 15th calendar day of January, April, July and October of each year commencing on July 15, 2021, and, (ii) in the event of a redemption of Series H Preferred Units, on the redemption date (each a “Series H Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date”). If any date on which distributions are to be made on the Series H Preferred Units is not a Business Day, then payment of the distribution to be made on such date will be made on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such delay) except that, if such Business Day is in the next succeeding calendar year, such payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day, in each case with the same force and effect as if made on such date.
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(b) Distributions Cumulative. Notwithstanding the foregoing, distributions on the Series H Preferred Units will accrue whether or not the terms and provisions set forth in Section 19.2(b) hereof at any time prohibit the current payment of distributions whether or not the Company has earnings, whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment of such distributions and whether or not such distributions are authorized.
(c) Priority as to Distributions.
(1) Except as provided in Section 19.2(d) below, no distributions shall be declared or paid or set apart for payment and no other distribution of cash or other property may be declared or made on or with respect to any Parity Preferred Unit or Junior Unit as to distributions (other than a distribution paid in Junior Units as to distributions and upon liquidation) for any period, nor shall any Junior Units or Parity Preferred Units as to distributions or upon liquidation be redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired for any consideration and no other distribution of cash or other property may be made, directly or indirectly, on or with respect thereto by the Company (except by conversion into or exchange for Junior Units as to distributions and upon liquidation, and except for the redemption of Membership Interests corresponding to any Series H Preferred Shares or Parity Preferred (as defined in the Series H Articles Supplementary) to be purchased by the Managing Member pursuant to the Charter to the extent necessary to preserve the Managing Member’s status as a real estate investment trust, provided that such redemption shall be upon the same terms as the corresponding stock purchase pursuant to the Charter), unless full cumulative distributions on the Series H Preferred Units for all past periods and the then current period shall have been or contemporaneously are (i) declared and paid in cash or (ii) declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash is set apart for such payment.
(2) When distributions are not paid in full (or a sum sufficient for such full payment is not so set apart) upon the Series H Preferred Units and any other Parity Preferred Units as to distributions, all distributions declared upon the Series H Preferred Units and each such other classes or series of Parity Preferred Units as to the payment of distributions shall be declared pro rata so that the amount of distributions declared per Series H Preferred Unit and such other classes or series of Parity Preferred Units shall in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that accrued distribution per Series H Preferred Unit and such other class or series of Parity Preferred Units (which shall not include any accrual in respect of unpaid distribution on such other class or series of Parity Preferred Units for prior distribution periods if such other class or series of Parity Preferred Unit does not have a cumulative distribution) bear to each other. No interest, or sum of money in lieu of interest, shall be payable in respect of any distribution payment or payments on the Series H Preferred Units which may be in arrears.
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(d) No Further Rights. The Managing Member, as holder of the Series H Preferred Units, shall not be entitled to any distributions, whether payable in cash, other property or otherwise, in excess of the full cumulative distributions described herein. Any distribution payment made on the Series H Preferred Units shall first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid distribution due with respect to such Series H Preferred Units which remain payable. Accrued but unpaid distributions on the Series H Preferred Units will accumulate as of the Series H Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date on which they first become payable.
Section 19.3 Liquidation Proceeds.
(a) Distributions. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company, distributions on the Series H Preferred Units shall be made in accordance with Article XIII hereof.
(b) Notice. Written notice of any such voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, stating the payment date or dates when, and the place or places where, the amounts distributable in such circumstances shall be payable, shall be given by the Managing Member pursuant to Section 13.7 hereof.
(c) No Further Rights. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the Managing Member, as holder of the Series H Preferred Units will have no right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the Company.
(d) Consolidation, Merger or Certain Other Transactions. The voluntary sale, conveyance, lease, exchange or transfer (for cash, shares of stock, securities or other consideration) of all or substantially all of the property or assets of the Company to, or the consolidation or merger or other business combination of the Company with or into, any corporation, trust or other entity (or of any corporation, trust or other entity with or into the Company) shall not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company.
Section 19.4 Redemption.
(a) Redemption. If the Managing Member elects to redeem any of the Series H Preferred Shares in accordance with the terms of the Series H Articles Supplementary, the Company shall, on the date set for redemption of such Series H Preferred Shares, redeem the number of Series H Preferred Units equal to the number of Series H Preferred Shares for which the Managing Member has given notice of redemption pursuant to Sections 5 and 6 of the Series H Articles Supplementary, at a redemption price, payable in cash, equal to the positive value of the Capital Accounts attributable to the Series H Preferred Shares of the Member being redeemed.
(b) Procedures for Redemption. The following provisions set forth the procedures for redemption:
(1) Notice of redemption will be given by the Managing Member to the Company concurrently with the notice of the Managing Member sent to the holders of its Series H Preferred Shares in connection with such redemption. Such notice shall state: (i) the redemption date; (ii) the redemption price; (iii) the number of Series H Preferred Units to be redeemed; (iv) the place or places where the Series H Preferred Units are to be surrendered for payment of the redemption price; and (v) that distributions on the Series H Preferred Units to be redeemed will cease to accumulate on such redemption date. If less than all of the Series H Preferred Units are to be redeemed, the notice shall also specify the number of Series H Preferred Units to be redeemed.
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(2) On or after the redemption date, the Managing Member shall present and surrender the certificates, if any, representing the Series H Preferred Units to the Company at the place designated in the notice of redemption and thereupon the redemption price of such Units shall be paid to the Managing Member and each surrendered Unit certificate, if any, shall be canceled. If fewer than all the Units represented by any such certificate representing Series H Preferred Units are to be redeemed, a new certificate shall be issued representing the unredeemed shares.
(3) From and after the redemption date (unless the Company defaults in payment of the redemption price), all distributions on the Series H Preferred Units designated for redemption in such notice shall cease to accumulate and all rights of the Managing Member, except the right to receive the redemption price thereof (including all accumulated and unpaid distributions up to, but not including, the redemption date), shall cease and terminate, and such Series H Preferred Units shall not be deemed to be outstanding for any purpose whatsoever. At its election, the Company, prior to a redemption date, may irrevocably deposit the redemption price (including accumulated and unpaid distributions to the redemption date) of the Series H Preferred Units so called for redemption in trust for the Managing Member with a bank or trust company, in which case the redemption notice to Managing Member shall (i) state the date of such deposit, (ii) specify the office of such bank or trust company as the place of payment of the redemption price and (iii) require the Managing Member to surrender the certificates, if any, representing such Series H Preferred Units at such place on or about the date fixed in such redemption notice (which may not be later than the redemption date) against payment of the redemption price (including all accumulated and unpaid distributions as the redemption date). Any monies so deposited which remain unclaimed by the Managing Member at the end of two years after the redemption date shall be returned by such bank or trust company to the Managing Member.
Section 19.5 Conversion. The Series H Preferred Units are not convertible into or exchangeable for any other property or securities of the Company, except as provided herein.
(a) In the event of a conversion of any Series H Preferred Shares into Common Shares in accordance with the Series H Articles Supplementary, upon conversion of such Series H Preferred Shares, the Company shall convert an equal whole number of the Series H Preferred Units into Common Units as such Series H Preferred Shares are converted into Common Shares. In the event of the conversion of any Series H Preferred Shares into Alternative Conversion Consideration (as defined in the Series H Articles Supplementary) in accordance with the Series H Articles Supplementary, the Company shall retire a number of Series H Preferred Units equal to the number of Series H Preferred Shares converted into such Alternative Conversion Consideration. In the event of a conversion of the Series H Preferred Shares into Common Shares, to the extent the Managing Member is required to pay cash in lieu of fractional Common Shares pursuant to the Series H Articles Supplementary in connection with such conversion, the Company shall distribute an equal amount of cash to the Managing Member.
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(b) Following any such conversion retirement by the Company pursuant to this Section 19.5, the Managing Member shall make such revisions to this Agreement as it determines are necessary to reflect such conversion.
Section 19.6 Ranking. The Series H Preferred Units shall, with respect to distribution rights and rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of the Company rank (i) senior to the Common Units and all other Membership Units the terms of which provide that such Membership Units shall rank junior to the Series H Preferred Units; (ii) on a parity with all Parity Preferred Units, which shall expressly include the Series F Preferred Units, the Series G Preferred Units and the Series I Preferred Units; and (iii) junior to all Membership Units which rank senior to the Series H Preferred Units.
Section 19.7 Voting Rights. The Managing Member shall not have any voting or consent rights in respect of its Membership Interest represented by the Series H Preferred Units.
Section 19.8 Transfer Restriction. The Series H Preferred Units shall not be transferable.
Section 19.9 No Sinking Fund. No sinking fund shall be established for the retirement or redemption of Series H Preferred Units.
Article XX
SERIES I PREFERRED UNITS
Section 20.1 Designation and Number. A series of Membership Interests in the Company designated as the “5.70% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units” (the “Series I Preferred Units”) is hereby established. The number of Series H Preferred Units shall be 4,000,000 all of which shall be owned by the Managing Member.
Section 20.2 Distributions.
(a) Payment of Distributions. Subject to the rights of Holders of Parity Preferred Units as to the payment of distributions, pursuant to Section 5.1, the Managing Member, as holder of the Series I Preferred Units, will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Company acting through the Managing Member, out of Available Cash, cumulative preferential cash distributions in an amount equal to the Series I Priority Return. Such distributions shall be cumulative, shall accrue from the original date of issuance and will be payable (i) quarterly (such quarterly periods for purposes of payment and accrual will be the quarterly periods ending on the dates specified in this sentence and not calendar quarters) in arrears, on the 15th calendar day of January, April, July and October of each year commencing on October 15, 2021, and, (ii) in the event of a redemption of Series I Preferred Units, on the redemption date (each a “Series I Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date”). If any date on which distributions are to be made on the Series I Preferred Units is not a Business Day, then payment of the distribution to be made on such date will be made on the next succeeding day that is a Business Day (and without any interest or other payment in respect of any such delay) except that, if such Business Day is in the next succeeding calendar year, such payment shall be made on the immediately preceding Business Day, in each case with the same force and effect as if made on such date.
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(b) Distributions Cumulative. Notwithstanding the foregoing, distributions on the Series I Preferred Units will accrue whether or not the terms and provisions set forth in Section 20.2(b) hereof at any time prohibit the current payment of distributions whether or not the Company has earnings, whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment of such distributions and whether or not such distributions are authorized.
(c) Priority as to Distributions.
(1) Except as provided in Section 20.2(d) below, no distributions shall be declared or paid or set apart for payment and no other distribution of cash or other property may be declared or made on or with respect to any Parity Preferred Unit or Junior Unit as to distributions (other than a distribution paid in Junior Units as to distributions and upon liquidation) for any period, nor shall any Junior Units or Parity Preferred Units as to distributions or upon liquidation be redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired for any consideration and no other distribution of cash or other property may be made, directly or indirectly, on or with respect thereto by the Company (except by conversion into or exchange for Junior Units as to distributions and upon liquidation, and except for the redemption of Membership Interests corresponding to any Series I Preferred Shares or Parity Preferred (as defined in the Series I Articles Supplementary) to be purchased by the Managing Member pursuant to the Charter to the extent necessary to preserve the Managing Member’s status as a real estate investment trust, provided that such redemption shall be upon the same terms as the corresponding stock purchase pursuant to the Charter), unless full cumulative distributions on the Series I Preferred Units for all past periods and the then current period shall have been or contemporaneously are (i) declared and paid in cash or (ii) declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash is set apart for such payment.
(2) When distributions are not paid in full (or a sum sufficient for such full payment is not so set apart) upon the Series I Preferred Units and any other Parity Preferred Units as to distributions, all distributions declared upon the Series I Preferred Units and each such other classes or series of Parity Preferred Units as to the payment of distributions shall be declared pro rata so that the amount of distributions declared per Series I Preferred Unit and such other classes or series of Parity Preferred Units shall in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that accrued distribution per Series I Preferred Unit and such other class or series of Parity Preferred Units (which shall not include any accrual in respect of unpaid distribution on such other class or series of Parity Preferred Units for prior distribution periods if such other class or series of Parity Preferred Unit does not have a cumulative distribution) bear to each other. No interest, or sum of money in lieu of interest, shall be payable in respect of any distribution payment or payments on the Series I Preferred Units which may be in arrears.
(d) No Further Rights. The Managing Member, as holder of the Series I Preferred Units, shall not be entitled to any distributions, whether payable in cash, other property or otherwise, in excess of the full cumulative distributions described herein. Any distribution payment made on the Series I Preferred Units shall first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid distribution due with respect to such Series I Preferred Units which remain payable. Accrued but unpaid distributions on the Series I Preferred Units will accumulate as of the Series I Preferred Unit Distribution Payment Date on which they first become payable.
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Section 20.3 Liquidation Proceeds.
(a) Distributions. Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Company, distributions on the Series I Preferred Units shall be made in accordance with Article XIII hereof.
(b) Notice. Written notice of any such voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company, stating the payment date or dates when, and the place or places where, the amounts distributable in such circumstances shall be payable, shall be given by the Managing Member pursuant to Section 13.7 hereof.
(c) No Further Rights. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the Managing Member, as holder of the Series I Preferred Units will have no right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the Company.
(d) Consolidation, Merger or Certain Other Transactions. The voluntary sale, conveyance, lease, exchange or transfer (for cash, shares of stock, securities or other consideration) of all or substantially all of the property or assets of the Company to, or the consolidation or merger or other business combination of the Company with or into, any corporation, trust or other entity (or of any corporation, trust or other entity with or into the Company) shall not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company.
Section 20.4 Redemption.
(a) Redemption. If the Managing Member elects to redeem any of the Series I Preferred Shares in accordance with the terms of the Series I Articles Supplementary, the Company shall, on the date set for redemption of such Series I Preferred Shares, redeem the number of Series I Preferred Units equal to the number of Series I Preferred Shares for which the Managing Member has given notice of redemption pursuant to Sections 5 and 6 of the Series I Articles Supplementary, at a redemption price, payable in cash, equal to the positive value of the Capital Accounts attributable to the Series I Preferred Shares of the Member being redeemed.
(b) Procedures for Redemption. The following provisions set forth the procedures for redemption:
(1) Notice of redemption will be given by the Managing Member to the Company concurrently with the notice of the Managing Member sent to the holders of its Series I Preferred Shares in connection with such redemption. Such notice shall state: (i) the redemption date; (ii) the redemption price; (iii) the number of Series I Preferred Units to be redeemed; (iv) the place or places where the Series I Preferred Units are to be surrendered for payment of the redemption price; and (v) that distributions on the Series I Preferred Units to be redeemed will cease to accumulate on such redemption date. If less than all of the Series I Preferred Units are to be redeemed, the notice shall also specify the number of Series I Preferred Units to be redeemed.
(2) On or after the redemption date, the Managing Member shall present and surrender the certificates, if any, representing the Series I Preferred Units to the Company at the place designated in the notice of redemption and thereupon the redemption price of such Units shall be paid to the Managing Member and each surrendered Unit certificate, if any, shall be canceled. If fewer than all the Units represented by any such certificate representing Series I Preferred Units are to be redeemed, a new certificate shall be issued representing the unredeemed shares.
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(3) From and after the redemption date (unless the Company defaults in payment of the redemption price), all distributions on the Series I Preferred Units designated for redemption in such notice shall cease to accumulate and all rights of the Managing Member, except the right to receive the redemption price thereof (including all accumulated and unpaid distributions up to, but not including, the redemption date), shall cease and terminate, and such Series I Preferred Units shall not be deemed to be outstanding for any purpose whatsoever. At its election, the Company, prior to a redemption date, may irrevocably deposit the redemption price (including accumulated and unpaid distributions to the redemption date) of the Series I Preferred Units so called for redemption in trust for the Managing Member with a bank or trust company, in which case the redemption notice to Managing Member shall (i) state the date of such deposit, (ii) specify the office of such bank or trust company as the place of payment of the redemption price and (iii) require the Managing Member to surrender the certificates, if any, representing such Series I Preferred Units at such place on or about the date fixed in such redemption notice (which may not be later than the redemption date) against payment of the redemption price (including all accumulated and unpaid distributions as the redemption date). Any monies so deposited which remain unclaimed by the Managing Member at the end of two years after the redemption date shall be returned by such bank or trust company to the Managing Member.
Section 20.5 Conversion. The Series I Preferred Units are not convertible into or exchangeable for any other property or securities of the Company, except as provided herein.
(a) In the event of a conversion of any Series I Preferred Shares into Common Shares in accordance with the Series I Articles Supplementary, upon conversion of such Series I Preferred Shares, the Company shall convert an equal whole number of the Series I Preferred Units into Common Units as such Series I Preferred Shares are converted into Common Shares. In the event of the conversion of any Series I Preferred Shares into Alternative Conversion Consideration (as defined in the Series I Articles Supplementary) in accordance with the Series I Articles Supplementary, the Company shall retire a number of Series I Preferred Units equal to the number of Series I Preferred Shares converted into such Alternative Conversion Consideration. In the event of a conversion of the Series I Preferred Shares into Common Shares, to the extent the Managing Member is required to pay cash in lieu of fractional Common Shares pursuant to the Series I Articles Supplementary in connection with such conversion, the Company shall distribute an equal amount of cash to the Managing Member.
(b) Following any such conversion retirement by the Company pursuant to this Section 20.5, the Managing Member shall make such revisions to this Agreement as it determines are necessary to reflect such conversion.
Section 20.6 Ranking. The Series I Preferred Units shall, with respect to distribution rights and rights upon voluntary or involuntary liquidation, winding-up or dissolution of the Company rank (i) senior to the Common Units and all other Membership Units the terms of which provide that such Membership Units shall rank junior to the Series I Preferred Units; (ii) on a parity with all Parity Preferred Units, which shall expressly include the Series F Preferred Units, the Series G Preferred Units and the Series H Preferred Units; and (iii) junior to all Membership Units which rank senior to the Series I Preferred Units.
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Section 20.7 Voting Rights. The Managing Member shall not have any voting or consent rights in respect of its Membership Interest represented by the Series I Preferred Units.
Section 20.8 Transfer Restriction. The Series I Preferred Units shall not be transferable.
Section 20.9 No Sinking Fund. No sinking fund shall be established for the retirement or redemption of Series I Preferred Units.
[Signature Page Follows]
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Eighth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Sunstone Hotel Partnership, LLC as of the date first written above.
| Managing Member: | |||
| Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc. | |||
| By: | /s/ Bryan A. Giglia | ||
| Name: | Bryan A. Giglia | ||
| Title: | Executive Vice President—Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Non-Managing Member: | |||
| Sun SHP II, LLC | |||
| By: | /s/ Bryan A. Giglia | ||
| Name: | Bryan A. Giglia | ||
| Title: | Chief Financial Officer | ||
EXHIBIT A
MEMBERS, CONTRIBUTIONS AND
MEMBERSHIP INTERESTS
| Name and Address of Member | Cash Contribution(1) | Agreed Value of Contributed Property | Membership Units(1) | Percentage Interest | ||||||||||||
| Managing Member: Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc. 200 Spectrum Drive, 21st Floor Irvine, California 92618 | $ | 1,978,826,682 | (2) | $ | 494,759,294 | 212,278,669 | 98.90 | % | ||||||||
| Non-Managing Members: Sun SHP II, LLC 200 Spectrum Drive, 21st Floor Irvine, California 92618 | 18,061,841 | N/A | 2,358,649 | (3) | 1.10 | % | ||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,996,888,523 | $ | 494,759,294 | 214,637,318 | 100 | % | |||||||||
| (1) | The Managing Member holds 3,000,000 Series F Preferred Units and has made a cash contribution of the net proceeds from the issue and sale of the corresponding Series F Preferred Shares. The net proceeds from the issuance and sale of the Series F Preferred Shares were approximately $72,387,500. The Managing Member also holds 2,650,000 Series G Preferred Units and has made a cash contribution of the net proceeds from the issue and sale of the corresponding Series G Preferred Shares. The net proceeds from the issuance and sale of the Series G Preferred Shares were approximately $66,250,000. The Managing Member also holds 4,600,000 Series H Preferred Units and has made a cash contribution of the net proceeds from the issue and sale of the corresponding Series H Preferred Shares. The net proceeds from the issuance and sale of the Series H Preferred Shares were approximately $111,377,500. The Managing Member also holds 4,000,000 Series I Preferred Units and has made a cash contribution of the net proceeds from the issue and sale of the corresponding Series I Preferred Shares. The net proceeds from the issuance and sale of the Series I Preferred Shares were approximately $96,850,000. |
| (2) | Reflects gross proceeds of Common Shares issued and sold by the Managing Member and is net of amounts used to redeem Membership Units from Non-Managing Members |
| (3) | Includes Membership Units of 51,570 issued for $1,204,160 and 515,704 Membership Units contributed by the Managing Member |
EXHIBITS B AND C
Exhibits B and C have not been amended in connection with this Eighth Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement and are hereby incorporated by reference from the Third Amended and Restated Agreement.
Exhibit 5.1
[LETTERHEAD OF VENABLE LLP]
July 16, 2021
Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc.
200 Spectrum Center Drive, 21st Floor
Irvine, California 92618
| Re: | Registration
Statement on Form S-3 Commission File No 333-236538 |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have served as Maryland counsel to Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), in connection with certain matters of Maryland law arising out of the registration of 4,000,000 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s 5.70% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Series I Preferred Stock”), in an underwritten public offering covered by the above-referenced Registration Statement, and all amendments thereto (collectively, the “Registration Statement”), filed by the Company with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The Shares will be issued pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2021 (the “Agreement”), by and among the Company, Sunstone Hotel Partnership, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Raymond James & Associates, Inc., as representatives of the underwriters named on Schedule A thereto. This firm did not participate in the negotiation or drafting of the Agreement.
In connection with our representation of the Company, and as a basis for the opinion hereinafter set forth, we have examined originals, or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of the following documents (hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Documents”):
1. The Registration Statement and the related form of prospectus included therein and the supplement thereto, in the form transmitted to the Commission under the Securities Act;
2. The charter of the Company (the “Charter”), including the Articles Supplementary classifying the Series I Preferred Stock (the “Articles Supplementary”), certified by the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (the “SDAT”);
3. The Bylaws of the Company, certified as of the date hereof by an officer of the Company;
4. A certificate of the SDAT as to the good standing of the Company, dated as of a recent date;
Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc.
July 16, 2021
Page 2
5. Resolutions adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company, and a duly authorized committee thereof, relating to, among other matters, the registration, classification and issuance of the Shares (collectively, the “Resolutions”), certified as of the date hereof by an officer of the Company;
6. The Agreement;
7. A certificate executed by an officer of the Company, dated as of the date hereof; and
8. Such other documents and matters as we have deemed necessary or appropriate to express the opinion set forth below, subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications stated herein.
In expressing the opinion set forth below, we have assumed the following:
1. Each individual executing any of the Documents, whether on behalf of such individual or another person, is legally competent to do so.
2. Each individual executing any of the Documents on behalf of a party (other than the Company) is duly authorized to do so.
3. Each of the parties (other than the Company) executing any of the Documents has duly and validly executed and delivered each of the Documents to which such party is a signatory, and such party’s obligations set forth therein are legal, valid and binding and are enforceable in accordance with all stated terms.
4. All Documents submitted to us as originals are authentic. The form and content of all Documents submitted to us as unexecuted drafts do not differ in any respect relevant to this opinion from the form and content of such Documents as executed and delivered. All Documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies conform to the original documents. All signatures on all Documents are genuine. All public records reviewed or relied upon by us or on our behalf are true and complete. All representations, warranties, statements and information contained in the Documents are true and complete. There has been no oral or written modification of or amendment to any of the Documents, and there has been no waiver of any provision of any of the Documents, by action or omission of the parties or otherwise.
5. The Shares will not be issued or transferred in violation of any restriction or limitation contained in Article VII of the Charter or Section 9 of the Articles Supplementary.
Sunstone Hotel Investors, Inc.
July 16, 2021
Page 3
Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications stated herein, it is our opinion that:
1. The Company is a corporation duly incorporated and validly existing under and by virtue of the laws of the State of Maryland and is in good standing with the SDAT.
2. The issuance of the Shares has been duly authorized and, when and if issued and delivered in accordance with the Charter, the Resolutions, the Agreement and the Registration Statement, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
The foregoing opinion is limited to the laws of the State of Maryland and we do not express any opinion herein concerning any other law. We express no opinion as to the applicability or effect of federal or state securities laws, including the securities laws of the State of Maryland, or as to federal or state laws regarding fraudulent transfers. To the extent that any matter as to which our opinion is expressed herein would be governed by the laws of any jurisdiction other than the State of Maryland, we do not express any opinion on such matter. The opinion expressed herein is subject to the effect of any judicial decision which may permit the introduction of parol evidence to modify the terms or the interpretation of agreements.
The opinion expressed herein is limited to the matters specifically set forth herein and no other opinion shall be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated. We assume no obligation to supplement this opinion if any applicable law changes after the date hereof or if we become aware of any fact that might change the opinion expressed herein after the date hereof.
This opinion is being furnished to you for submission to the Commission as an exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (the “Current Report”), which is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Current Report and the said incorporation by reference and to the use of the name of our firm therein. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required by Section 7 of the Securities Act.
| Very truly yours, | |
| /s/ Venable LLP |