Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for joining us. Welcome to the American Tower First Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. This call is being recorded. After the prepared remarks, we will take questions. I will now hand the call over to your host, Adam Smith, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations and FP&A. Please proceed.

Good morning, and thank you for joining American Tower's first quarter earnings conference call. We have posted a presentation, which we will refer to throughout our prepared remarks under the Investor Relations tab of our website, www.americantower.com. I'm joined on the call today by Steve Vondran, our President and CEO; and Rod Smith, our Executive Vice President, CFO and Treasurer. Following our prepared remarks, we will open up the call for your questions. Before we begin, I'll remind you that our comments will contain forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Examples of these statements include our expectations regarding future growth, including our 2025 outlook, capital allocation, and future operating performance, and any other statements that regard matters that are not historical facts. You should be aware that certain factors may affect us in the future and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Such factors include the risk factors set forth in this morning's earnings press release, those set forth in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, and in other filings we make with the SEC. We urge you to consider these factors and remind you that we undertake no obligation to update the information contained in this call to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. With that, I'll turn the call over to Steve.

Thanks, Adam. Good morning, everyone, and thanks for joining the call. As you saw in this morning's report, we're off to a strong start to the year, exceeding our initial expectations across property revenue, adjusted EBITDA, and attributable AFFO per share for the quarter with demand persisting across our global portfolio against the challenging economic backdrop. I'll briefly share a few updates and trends from the quarter before Rod discusses more detailed financial results and our full year revised expectations. I'll start with leasing trends and carrier activity. The durability and quality of our cash flows combined with ongoing resilience in network investments to meet growth in mobile data demand continue to offer our investors a compelling option in American Tower. The large U.S. carriers have publicly stated aggressive goals to substantially complete 5G equipment upgrades across nearly all of their networks by the end of 2026 and are driving broad-based amendment activity complemented by the early signs of capacity-oriented new site demand. In fact, Q1 represented our fifth consecutive quarter of sequential increases in both application volumes and services revenue, which grew roughly 60% and over 140% year-over-year, respectively. Meanwhile, in Europe, we continue to see steady demand across our ground-based and rooftop sites, highlighting our commitment to elevating the roughly 45% current mid-band population coverage and meeting 2030 coverage targets. We're seeing similar resilience across our emerging markets. In Nigeria, improved consumer pricing dynamics are facilitating enhanced cash flows for the carriers and, in turn, accelerating new business. In Brazil, the benefits of a stronger three-player backdrop are beginning to emerge, with carriers steadily upgrading their networks to realize the spectral efficiency benefits we've highlighted in the U.S., meet regulatory coverage requirements, and begin to fill in their networks. While we're encouraged by the demand across our emerging markets footprint, we're going to closely monitor the global economic backdrop and any potential implications of that, including on FX, where certain emerging markets could be more susceptible along with various customer events and collections in select markets. Our CoreSite business posted yet another set of impressive results in the quarter, fueled by strong leasing and continued pricing favorability, while bringing the first phase of our NY3 center and the second phase of our CH2 center online, collectively adding 11 megawatts of capacity with a high degree of day-one leasing. The team's consistent approach to underwriting with a focus on curating high-quality interconnection-rich ecosystems across a diverse set of cloud, network, and enterprise customers in leading markets yields best-in-class returns while insulating against broader market shifts. Overall, CoreSite performance, supported by accelerated demand and our right to win through market positioning and service quality, continues to exceed our initial expectations and merit the elevated levels of capital that we've allocated in our 2025 plan. Next, I'll touch on capital allocation and portfolio management. We continue to actively assess and manage our portfolio following our grow, harvest and resolve methodology to reduce risk and drive higher-quality, more predictable earnings. We've previously highlighted discretionary capital prioritization to our developed markets where we have a right to win. Consistent with this approach, we purchased our DE1 data center in Denver, an existing facility where CoreSite had maintained a partial lease. Direct ownership of this building, which serves as the primary point of interconnection in the Rocky Mountain region, will enable CoreSite to control the area's only cloud on-ramps and one of the top network peering ecosystems. Furthermore, on the ongoing resolution equation, we successfully closed our previously announced sale of our South Africa Fiber business in early March, marking a key step in the continued reduction of our international fiber footprint. These activities reflect productive steps in our continual aim to hold our global portfolio mix by emphasizing core markets and products that drive synergistic value and durable cash flows that we expect to translate into attractive returns for our shareholders over the long term. Finally, I'll touch on our global operations and our value proposition. We have a great core business anchored in high-quality, high-margin assets that we maximize with strong terms and conditions, strategic counterparties and world-class operational execution. We already have a track record of building on this strong foundation by leveraging our scale, core competencies, and financial flexibility in a way that drives both customer and shareholder value. This includes U.S. innovations like our instant colocation engine, our fleet of drones and digital twin technology, our suite of site and construction services, our backup power solutions, and our programmatic approach to land buyouts, not to mention our holistic contract structures. Internationally, our best-in-class African power program, which we've optimized through accretive sustainable energy investments and the use of comprehensive data analytics, predictive monitoring leveraging AI, our enhanced European book-to-bill processing, and many other developments provide meaningful advantages. As we globalize more intentionally, there is significant opportunity to evaluate cross-border applicability of these regional offerings to drive efficiency and unlock incremental value. Now, we're still in the early days of mapping our globalization plans, but we've already had an active start to the year as our team works to evaluate opportunities to streamline our operations and enhance synergies across our markets and products. We're excited to build on the momentum we've established and further leverage our scale, core competencies and balance sheet to enhance our market-leading position. And I look forward to sharing more specifics in time. In closing, growth in mobile data has proven resilient across various economic cycles over my two-plus decades with American Tower. As I mentioned at the onset, I'm encouraged by the durability and leasing demand for our global portfolio of assets while simultaneously exercising a degree of caution in anticipation of persisting forward-looking volatility and uncertainty. I firmly believe that American Tower's approach to enhancing our organization and customer value proposition through the means that are within our control, including our globalization initiatives, portfolio mix and quality of earnings and balance sheet provides an additional degree of strength and differentiation moving forward. Similar times of volatility and uncertainty during my tenure have historically presented incremental opportunity for us, and I'm optimistic that the steps we're taking today will have us well-positioned to capitalize on any environment. Now, I'll hand the call over to Rod to discuss our first quarter financial performance.

Thanks, Steve, and thank you all for joining the call. As Steve mentioned, we are off to a strong start to 2025 with our customers continuing to invest in their networks as global mobile data consumption continues to grow. Before I discuss the specifics of our Q1 results and revised full year outlook, I'll summarize a few highlights. First, the solid leasing trends we observed over the course of 2024 continued into Q1 of 2025, resulting in consolidated organic tenant billings growth of 4.7%. As a result of accelerating tower activity, our U.S. services business delivered its highest quarter of revenue and gross profit since 2021 with applications rising nearly 30% compared to levels seen in Q4 of 2024 and up roughly 60% versus Q1 of 2024, reflecting a mix of continued amendment-driven upgrades and new colocations. In addition, CoreSite delivered high-single-digit revenue growth underpinned by a continuation of robust demand for our interconnection hubs. Consistent with past quarter themes, we complemented durable top-line performance with prudent cost management, providing year-over-year cash adjusted EBITDA margin expansion of nearly 70 basis points to 68.2%. Next, we continue to execute on our stated priorities, successfully closing the sale of our South Africa Fiber business in early March, completing the purchase of our DE1 data center asset in Denver in early April, deploying over 75% of discretionary capital expenditures in the quarter towards our developed market platforms and resuming dividend per share growth of approximately 5% year-over-year for the quarter. Finally, we further mitigated 2025 refinancing risk by successfully accessing the debt capital markets last month, issuing $1 billion in senior unsecured notes at a weighted average cost of just over 5%. Proceeds from the transaction were used primarily to pay down existing debt. At the end of the quarter, floating rate debt represented approximately 4% of our total outstanding debt, while net leverage reduced to 5 times, in line with our stated target, resulting in enhanced balance sheet strength and improved financial flexibility. Turning to first quarter property revenue and organic tenant billings growth on Slide 6. Consolidated property revenue growth was slightly positive year-over-year and up approximately 3%, excluding non-cash straight-line revenue, while absorbing approximately 300 basis points of FX headwinds. U.S. and Canada property revenue declined approximately 1% and grew over 3.5%, excluding non-cash straight-line, including over 1% negative impact from Sprint churn. International property revenue was roughly flat year-over-year, with growth of approximately 8% excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. Finally, property revenue in our data center business grew by approximately 9%. Moving to the right side of the slide, consolidated organic tenant billings growth was 4.7%, supported by solid demand across our global portfolio. In our U.S. and Canada segment, organic tenant billings growth was in line with expectations at 3.6% and approximately 5%, excluding Sprint-related churn. As highlighted on our last earnings call, we continue to expect growth to be below 4% for the next two quarters due to Sprint churn before increasing to over 5.5% in Q4. Our international segment drove 6.7% in organic tenant billings growth, a modest acceleration from Q4 of 2024 with generally consistent leasing trends, escalator contributions and churn. Turning to Slide 7. Adjusted EBITDA grew 1.9% and up over 5.5%, excluding non-cash straight-line impacts, while absorbing approximately 300 basis points of FX headwinds. Growth was supported by a high conversion of cash property revenue through ongoing cost control and an over 140% increase in our U.S. services gross margin associated with an increase in tower activity. Moving to the right side of the slide, attributable AFFO and attributable AFFO per share declined by approximately 1% and over 1%, respectively, primarily due to contributions from the India business in the prior-year period, which had benefited from nearly $30 million in revenue reserve reversals. On an as adjusted basis, normalizing the prior-year period for the sale of India, growth was approximately 6.6%, driven by the high conversion of cash-adjusted EBITDA growth to AFFO through the effective management of below-the-line costs. Now turning to our revised full year outlook on Slide 8. We are pleased with the results to date in the durable demand trends that underscore our performance. However, like prior years and given proximity to our previously released outlook, we have kept core full year expectations largely unchanged with updates to our FX assumptions. Consistent with past practice, our projected FX rates for outlook take the more conservative of bank forecasts and the trailing 30-day spot rate averages for each currency, which has generally resulted in rates more conservative than current spots. As a result, we are raising our expectations for property revenue, adjusted EBITDA, attributable AFFO and attributable AFFO per share by approximately $50 million, $30 million, $20 million, and $0.04, respectively, compared to prior outlook solely attributable to updated FX assumptions. At the midpoint, our expectation for attributable AFFO per share is $10.44 or nearly 5% growth year-over-year on an as adjusted basis. Furthermore, we are reiterating our prior outlook expectations for organic tenant billings growth across all regions, including greater than or equal to 4.3% in the U.S. and Canada or greater than or equal to 5.3%, excluding the impacts of Sprint churn and approximately 12%, 5% and 2% to the Africa and APAC segment, Europe and Latin America, respectively. Collectively, driving approximately 6% for international and approximately 5% on a consolidated basis. Complementing our organic trends and supporting margin expansion, our revised outlook maintains the expectation for a year-over-year reduction in cash SG&A. Turning to Slide 9. We are generally maintaining consistent capital allocation expectations for the year, updated only to reflect small M&A transaction closed during or shortly after the quarter. We continue to expect an approximately $3.2 billion common dividend distribution to our shareholders subject to Board approval and approximately $1.7 billion in capital expenditures, which includes 2,250 newly constructed sites at the midpoint and roughly $610 million for data center development. I'd like to reiterate that while overall capital spend is moderately increasing year-over-year as we execute on attractive development opportunities across the U.S., Europe and CoreSite, we continue to reduce investments across our emerging markets. In 2025, investments in Latin America, Africa and APAC will primarily consist of augmenting sites to accommodate incremental tenants and executing on previously committed multiyear build-to-suit agreements with leading carriers. Moving to the right side of the slide, our balance sheet remains strong, providing financial flexibility and optionality, including $11.7 billion in liquidity and low floating rate debt exposure. Turning to Slide 10, and in summary, we're off to a great start to 2025. The resilience of our global business demonstrates strength amidst the challenging economic backdrop. Despite ongoing market uncertainty, carriers continue to invest in their networks to accommodate growing demand for mobile data consumption, which underscores the critical nature of our global portfolio of assets. This, combined with our highly-focused and disciplined approach to capital investing, our best-in-class operating platforms and our strong balance sheet, position us well to reliably deliver high-quality earnings and compelling total shareholder returns over the long term. And with that, operator, we can now open the line for questions.

Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. Our first question comes from Matt Niknam from Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead.

Hey, guys. Thanks so much for taking the questions. Maybe two, if I could. First, maybe more high-level. You've done a lot of portfolio optimization in recent years. And so, I'm wondering if it's fair to assume, on a go-forward basis, a more sharpened focus on the globalization strategy, more cost optimization with the remaining assets that you've got in place. And then, secondarily, on the U.S. side, it sounds like there's still a lot of momentum both in services and new applications. I'm just wondering how we should think about the cadence of colo and amendment revenues in upcoming periods relative to the $38 million in Q1, and I guess more specifically, whether you're still comfortable with that $165 million to $170 million range that was laid out for new leasing last quarter. Thank you.

Thank you for your questions, Nik. Regarding the first question, we're committed to focusing on both aspects. Our portfolio optimization is an ongoing process that we continually assess with our management team and Board. We don't have any specific divestitures planned, but we have identified certain markets in our resolve category and non-core businesses. For those latter businesses, we evaluate the value of their ongoing cash flows. If we find a buyer willing to pay more than those cash flows, we would consider a transaction; otherwise, we will continue to operate them and collect those cash flows. We have restructured our operations to eliminate any compelling reasons for divestment, operating some markets from regional hubs instead. We will keep evaluating this situation and could continue to optimize based on long-term value. Our globalization efforts are also a key priority for us right now. We have successfully reduced SG&A over the last few years, starting with the easiest opportunities. We believe there's still potential for further reductions. Bud, in his new role as Chief Operating Officer, is focused on examining our global operations to identify synergies within our cost structure. Our teams are actively looking into various spending categories to uncover potential opportunities, and we plan to share our findings with you later this year as we define clearer targets. We are optimistic about the prospects and believe there are good opportunities to implement best practices globally, which we are excited to pursue.

Good morning, Matt. I'll address the second part of your question. You actually raised two questions. The first concerns the services revenue and how it relates to new business. As mentioned in my remarks, we started this year with strong services performance, achieving around $75 million in services revenue for Q1. We are seeing an increase in activity compared to our initial expectations from last February during the Q4 earnings announcement. So, we are off to a very strong start. We anticipate this momentum will continue into Q2, maintaining a strong demand for our services business. We are targeting another quarter in the vicinity of $75 million. For the full year, we're still aiming for a solid revenue figure between $240 million to $250 million. This projection suggests lower revenue for Q3 and Q4 since we have reduced visibility for the latter part of 2025. While it is certainly possible to exceed these numbers, we do face uncertainty as we approach year-end. We're experiencing a robust start in services, although we expect a slight decline due to less clarity for the later months. Turning to new business, we are indeed targeting the $165 million figure for the U.S. In Q1, we achieved about $38 million, which was a slight decrease from Q4's $45 million. This trend contrasts with what we observe in services. A similar figure around $38 million for Q2 is within our expectations, followed by an increase exceeding $40 million in the last two quarters, bringing us closer to our target range of over $165 million.

Great. Thank you, both.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Jim Schneider from Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. Two, if I may. First of all, when you look at the sort of U.S. carrier activity and the activity you're seeing there, with respect to leasing activity, it seems relatively consistent with what you had projected. But on the margin, can you maybe talk about any changes that you're seeing as we head through the end of the year in terms of what is being prioritized by the carriers in terms of new activity? And then, secondly, following up on the cost-efficiency program. Steve, you're pretty clear about that being a focus for you. Maybe just give us a sense of without giving us a firm target, directionally, as you head into the outyears, is the target to kind of get from the 7% constant currency AFFO growth you're doing this year to something closer to double-digit in the outyears? Thank you.

So, I'll start with the carrier activity in the U.S. So, what we're seeing is exactly in line with what we've expected to see. We talked about it last year, and talked about this year, which is kind of a steady ramp, which we think is consistent for this phase of the 5G build. If you look at the public statements by the carriers, they've all set some pretty aggressive targets to getting to close to full deployment of their mid-band spectrum across the portfolio. So, there's still a decent amount of amendment activity that we expect to see over the next two years as they take those percentages covered by mid-band from somewhere in the 50% range for one of the carriers, the other two are a little bit higher, up to that 80% to 90% coverage over time. There's still a good degree of activity there as well. We are still seeing some new colocations as well, and that comes in two flavors. We are seeing people that are increasing coverage, some of those consistent with governmental requirements they have, while some of them are just trying to paint the map a little bit more. We are starting to see some new colocations coming in for densification. It's really consistent with what we've been talking about for the past couple of years, which is that carrier activity is broad-based. They are going to continue to deploy their 5G until that becomes ubiquitous, and we are starting to see the early signs of densification, which is what we thought we would see at this place in the cycle here. When it comes to the globalization, nice try. I'm still not going to give you guidance for multiyear, but I'll give you credit for trying there. The way we're looking at it is we're looking at the category of expenses that's really in our controllable spend. So, you've got our operations and maintenance, the SG&A we're already looking at, looking at our supply chain to see if we can actually impact our growth CapEx, our maintenance CapEx by doing a little bit better there. We'll continue to assess that. There's no specific target for that. I'm not going to commit to what we're going to get to on AFFO in those out years. Certainly, the focus for the entire management team here, though, is to do everything we can in the business to grow our AFFO per share. We're focused on that long-term value creation. Everything that we do, including our cost savings, is geared toward the long-term. We're not looking to make a splash in the quarter and then have expenses rebound. We're not looking to damage the business and hurt our growth. We're being very thoughtful about all the changes we make to actually increase our customer service, to increase our automation, and to actually increase revenues by being a better partner to our customers. As we have those targets, I'll show those later in the year.

Hey, Jim. I want to emphasize a couple of figures here. For our outlook in 2025, we are planning to reduce SG&A expenses by approximately $13 million, with reductions in the mid-teens percentage wise, not counting the effects of one-time bad debt we experienced in 2024. This follows a reduction in 2024 compared to 2023, where we cut SG&A even more, excluding the bad debt impacts. We have consistently managed our costs effectively over the past few years, reducing SG&A while navigating significant inflation in the U.S.

I had to try. Thank you.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Ric Prentiss from Raymond James & Associates. Please go ahead.

Thanks. Good morning, everybody.

Good morning, Ric.

Hey. A couple of questions. I appreciate that. First, I always have thought capital allocation is probably the top job for senior management. You guys have been working on that as you laid out. Leverage now hit 5.0x. We're getting closer to that coming below 5.0x. Update us as far as thoughts on stock buyback? Is there an authorized program? M&A, clearly another potential. Any portfolios out there? Maybe, explicitly, talk about Canada as a market, not necessarily the transactions that might be out there, but what would be the attributes that would be attractive in a country like Canada?

Sure, Ric. So, stock buybacks are absolutely on the table as one of the potential uses for the capital that we generate. We do have an authorization by the Board. It's a $2 billion authorization that's outstanding. So, that is out there. At this point, the way we look at our capital allocation, to your point, we've just got to that 5.0x, so we should be delevering further from there. The way we really look at it is what's going to create the most long-term value. We'll weigh those stock buybacks against any M&A opportunities, our internal CapEx program, further delevering, et cetera. In terms of the M&A market today, we did close a small transaction in the U.S. this year already. So, we'll continue to be opportunistic where we find the right portfolio at the right price. We don't see any large-scale opportunities that are taking us off of our path. And so, we've been pretty clear about that for the past few quarters. That hasn't changed. We're still not seeing any huge opportunities out there that we think are compelling enough. Canada is an interesting market for us. We have a small portfolio there. It's performing very well. So, we like that market in terms of what we're seeing today. We have a lot of ability to operate that market out of the U.S. So, there's a lot of synergies that we would have if we did do something in Canada. I know there are some rumors of transactions out there. And what I would say is that it's true of Canada is very similar to what we had in Europe, which is we're going to be very disciplined in looking at terms and conditions, number one, and valuation number two, in terms of trying to figure out if a transaction makes sense. If a portfolio trades and the terms and conditions are something that's not going to give us a long-term value creation opportunity, that's probably not the right deal for us. Similarly, if the price is too high, we're not going to stretch for something unless we think it's going to create a lot of long-term value for our shareholders. We like the market. We can operate it from the U.S. with a very huge amount of synergies that we already did there, and it would make sense if we had the right deal, but we're going to be patient and get the right terms and conditions and valuation on it.

Makes sense. So, have you officially changed your middle name to terms and conditions, Vondran?

I think I did it a long time ago, Ric.

One follow-up for me also. Some questions around colocation amendments. Can you break out for us what either in the applications or new revenue 1Q saw as far as colocation amendment kind of the split between those? Because we are watching, some folks are starting to see some higher amount of new colocation obviously comes in at a much higher incremental revenue than amendment.

Yeah. So, we're seeing a continued increase in the colocation applications. And so, with that, we're seeing an increase in both amendments and new leases. While the percentage of contribution from the colocations has increased a little bit, the base has gotten bigger, too. It's not a huge proportionate shift for us. Again, if you look at where those carriers are, you've got, one, it's about 80% deployed, one is in the 65% to 70%, one is still around 50%. There's still a lot of amendment business to be done on our portfolio. So, while I do see an increase in colocations, it's not making a huge shift in our mix today.

So, expect over the next couple of years we'll see more of that?

Oh, you definitely will. We're seeing this phase of densification start. Even before you get the applications, you start having conversations with the carriers. They start asking for more information on the towers, what RAG centers are available, what's structural capacity look like, et cetera. As we continue to hear that, those information requests give us a lot of confidence that we're going to see an increase in colocations over time as they move into that densification phase over the next few years.

Great. Thanks, guys.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Michael Rollins from Citi. Please go ahead.

Thanks, and good morning. Just first, when you look at the colocation opportunity that you're just describing, I'm curious how much of that is competitive, whether it's other large tower firms or smaller private firms or build-to-suits, whether it's by the carrier or some of the other private firms. How much of that is competitive? And is there an opportunity to work with your customers to try to improve your share or win rate if that's an option? And then, second, just looking at the annualized EBITDA, and it looks to be above the high-end of the guidance range, so the annualized first quarter number. I'm just curious if there are certain items that we should be mindful of through the year that may pull EBITDA back into the current guidance range.

Sure. I'll take the first question and let Rod answer the second. When you look at the new colocations, the carriers are deploying, it really depends on where they're deploying on what the competitive options are. If you look at all the towers in the U.S., there's very little overlap between existing towers in most of the markets. That just makes sense. You don't want to deploy redundant capital if you don't need to; colocation is the most cost-effective way for everyone to deploy. You don't see a ton of overlap between the towers that are out there. When you're getting into pushing into areas where people are trying to increase rural coverage, a lot of those areas don't have coverage because there are towers there. You do see more new builds in that area. Overall, it depends on the geography that they're in. In terms of whether you can influence your share, you can, and it comes at the RF design phase. It's when they're actually designing their networks. If you are a preferred partner and you provide great customer service, they know you can get them on air quickly, they'll target your sites. That's what we see with our customers and what we've been able to do over time to get a good share of their business by being a really good partner to our customers, providing great customer service. When you're looking at infill sites and densification, there may be a little bit less flexibility because you're looking at filling in sites within an existing design. So, the geography probably plays a bigger role in where that split cell has to be or in terms of trying to fill a hole in the network where that is. They made fewer choices there. It's a little bit of a mixed bag depending on what their goal is, where they're building, and what the existing infrastructure is.

Hey, Michael. I'll take the second question you had there relative to the EBITDA and the cadence throughout the year. What I would say is we're very pleased with our Q1 results. We had a strong result on EBITDA and AFFO, AFFO per share. When it comes to EBITDA going out for the full year and our outlook, at this point, we believe that it's prudent to just hold our outlook kind of where it is. We did outperform our EBITDA outlook for Q1. Some of that was driven by the strong services outcome. Again, and I mentioned this a few minutes ago, there is the potential for services revenue and, therefore, margin and EBITDA contribution to drift down in Q3 and Q4. So, that could reduce kind of the run rate of EBITDA. But at this point, given the proximity of our original outlook and, quite frankly, the general kind of market backdrop, and maybe this is more appropriate to AFFO and AFFO per share, where you see the same kind of a cadence: if you look at our Q1 AFFO and AFFO per share result and you annualize that for the full year, it suggests we're going to outperform our full year outlook. When you get into the AFFO numbers, some of the drivers there can be different quarter-to-quarter, notably cash taxes, there's a significant timing issue there for differences quarter-over-quarter as well as maintenance CapEx. Those things can move that number around on a quarterly basis. So, when you look at EBITDA and AFFO, yes, we had a very strong, very good quarter in Q1. If you were to annualize that, you'd get an additional outperformance for our full year numbers. At this point, because of timing issues, because of a potential decline in services at the end of the year, we think it's prudent to just hold those outlooks consistent with the original outlook with the exception of updating the FX numbers.

Thanks.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Nick Del Deo from Moffett Nathanson. Please go ahead.

Good morning, everyone. I appreciate you taking my questions. First, could you elaborate on the types of services work that are contributing to the significant increases and how that revenue aligns with the leasing activity you are experiencing? Is it more coincidental or does it serve as a leading indicator? Secondly, while I understand the need for confidentiality regarding specific deals and customers, if EchoStar were to pursue a transaction involving its spectrum, either through a sale or lease, do you have any contractual safeguards in addition to their commitment to pay the agreed-upon rent? Thank you.

So, I'll start with the EchoStar question first on that. I don't want to get in terms of conditions with the agreement, but we do expect to get paid. All we've built into our ongoing guidance for our future growth is the minimum contractual commitments under that agreement. So, that's what's baked into our multiyear guide, and that's what we're expecting out of those guys. We're not anticipating anything that materially changes their business. If it does, we'll figure that out when it happens, but we do expect to get paid there. Sorry, remind me the first question.

Oh, sorry, just yes, the service, yes, the mix there and the degree to which it's a coincident versus a leading indicator.

Yeah. Our services business, I kind of break into two categories, the first is really site acquisition services, and that's things like zoning and permitting, engineering services, things like that. That's a pretty steady part of the business. We do have a slightly larger proportion of construction services this year. We don't do construction services nationwide. We don't do it for all the carriers. It's much more of a targeted activity that we do in a couple of regions because we've got really good teams there. That construction services is project management. We don't have the crews climbing the towers; we're managing that process. So, we have seen a slightly larger component of that this year. But the overall services business is up. In terms of how that translates into revenue, there's a little bit of a disconnection from the activity levels and services to our property revenue because of our comprehensive agreements. So, in those agreements, there is a steady cadence of what we're going to get paid on there. It's a little bit independent of the activity levels. However, we do have one customer that's not on a comprehensive agreement. We also have new colocations that are outside of some of the other comprehensive agreements. Those are much more affected by activity timing. When you think about the cadence of services versus the property revenue, if they're not part of a comprehensive agreement, there is a little bit of a lag time from when you see the services revenue to when you see those commence. That varies a lot by customer, so I would think about that as being somewhere in the neighborhood of 60 days to 180 days, depending on the customer and the type of transaction, and the geography on that.

Hey, Nick. I'll just add one additional point when it comes to services. The margin that we see in that business this year, notwithstanding the increase in revenue and what's in the way Steve talked about the shift towards a little bit more construction management, we are consistently seeing north of 50% margins. Our outlook assumes a 52% margin on this business, which is very consistent with what we saw in 2024.

Okay. Great. Thanks, guys.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Batya Levi from UBS. Please go ahead.

Great. Thank you. One question on LATAM. I think you mentioned that you are seeing a bit of more activity showing up. We haven't really seen that in the results yet. So, can you talk to the cadence of incremental leasing in LATAM? And I think churn came in a bit lower. Was that just timing? And how should we think about the escalator? I think that was better as well.

Sure. We are seeing pockets of increased activity, in particular in Brazil, we have some of the carriers who made some public statements about starting to enhance their 5G offerings. We continue to see some new business from that. There are also markets that are further behind in that cycle because it's taking time to get the spectrum out there. If you look at Mexico, Mexico is a little bit behind in terms of starting a 5G deployment there. It's a little bit of a mixed bag. We do still have multiple years of churn in Latin America. We are guiding for organic tenant billings growth in Latin America to be low-single-digits for the next three years. Part of that is the Oi churn. We'll continue to see wireless churn from Oi over the next two years, and 2027 will have wireline churn from Oi. We do have some churn that we've already recognized in those markets. We're past most of the Telefonica churn in Mexico at this point. We have had churn in Colombia and Chile that we've worked through with WOM, and we'll continue to monitor that and see how that progresses. But that's all consistent with our multiyear guide of low-single-digits there. We are seeing, again, a little bit more investment as the Brazil carriers get through their digestion of the purchase of Oi as they start working on their networks. We think that will continue, and we think we'll continue to see growth in leasing across that market, but we're still going to face the headwinds of churn for the next three years there. In terms of the escalator, we're anticipating about 5% in 2025, but that is CPI dependent.

Got it. Thank you.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Eric Luebchow from Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Great. Thanks for taking the question. You mentioned that you're obviously off a holistic agreement or a comprehensive agreement with one of your large carriers, and I know they have a lot of work to do with mid-band coverage. So, maybe you could provide some color on any discussions with them on potentially moving into a new holistic agreement. Are you happy with the a la carte arrangement? And how do you think about kind of the cadence of their spending contributing to your leasing throughout this year into next?

Yeah. Thanks. When we think about our comprehensive agreements, those are really a vehicle to make the operational relation between the customer and us a lot simpler and a lot easier. We're very comfortable operating either on an a la carte basis or in a comprehensive MLA. You can pretty much be assured we're always talking with all of our customers about a deal. The ink doesn't even draw on the signature before you're having the next discussion with the customers on that. In terms of whether we're going to get into a new agreement or not, we're pretty agnostic about that. We're open to it. We'll just continue to provide the best customer service we can. We'll continue to dialogue with the customers. If the interest aligns in doing something, we will, and if they don't, we'll continue in the a la carte basis. For us, it's really about whatever drives the best long-term value. If you look at our leading growth today, it's a function of what we signed in our terms and conditions 20 years ago, and we'll continue to be disciplined about that. We'll continue to do what's best for our customers and our shareholders in terms of negotiating those agreements over time. So, you shouldn't read anything negative or positive into the fact that we don't have a comprehensive MLA. It's just not the right structure for the parties at the time.

Great. Thank you. And just one follow-up question. I wanted to touch on the CoreSite footprint. Obviously, there have been a ton of headlines in the data center segment year-to-date around certain hyperscalers slowing, some questions around enterprise IT spending, just given the lack of visibility in the broader economy. So, maybe you could just touch on what your sales funnel looks like within the data center business across the cloud companies and the retail colocation companies as well.

We have a robust sales funnel at CoreSite. Just to remind everyone, it's really an interconnection business. It's different than what you would see in the hyperscale world or in a colo facility that's really there for people to save money. People come to CoreSite because they need to be in an environment where they can interconnect to multiple players and have access to multiple cloud on-ramps. We're not seeing any flagging of demand for that today. In fact, what we see is more and more enterprises want to take advantage of the multi-cloud environment, so that they can take advantage of some of the new tools; some of it being AI, some of it being traditional cloud tools that are there. What we're seeing in that space is more demand. We're seeing our existing customers looking for more space. We're seeing new customers looking for larger installations there. We just don't see that tailing off anytime soon. We think that core business continues to be robust. We also see good demand in the retail space. We've been able to have a few good quarters in retail that give us a lot of confidence about that business going forward. But it's really that core enterprise demand. It's in the interconnection ecosystem that drives the bulk of our leasing in CoreSite. We think that that's durable demand for the foreseeable future despite the pullbacks you see in hyperscale, despite even in economic uncertainty that's out there, people are going to continue to invest in automation because that's how they're going to get the cost savings they need in the rest of their business. So, we feel very confident about that demand pipeline.

All right. Thanks, Steve.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Michael Funk from Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Yeah, good morning. Thank you for the questions. You mentioned uncertainty a few times in the prepared remarks and you held back increasing guidance, except for the FX impact. I guess maybe some more color, if you could, on the markets that are more vulnerable that are leading you to hold back on increasing guidance and what you're looking for in those markets?

I'll start, maybe Rod wants to jump in there. When we think about the U.S., we don't think any of the uncertainty that's out there is going to affect demand in the U.S. this year. Even some of the uncertainties driven by things like tariffs, that's probably more of a future-looking risk than a 2025 risk. Most of the equipment that people are going to deploy is already here in warehouses this year. We're not as worried about the U.S. When we look at internationally, there's probably some opportunity and some risk in those markets, given some of the macro uncertainties that are out there. When there are global macroeconomic shocks, it tends to affect the emerging markets more than it does the developed markets. That's what we're watching now to see if there are any impacts there that we're not anticipating. There's nothing in our view shed today that we're specifically worried about. It's much more the general economic condition that's out there. Probably the biggest impact we are seeing right now and the uncertainty is FX, but I'll let Rod jump in.

Yeah. Good morning, Mike. Thanks for the question. A couple of things that I would highlight. When I think of uncertainty and you heard me say it in my prepared remarks, it's really the general macroeconomic backdrop. The uncertainty around potential increases in inflation in the U.S. or decreases, it could go either way, I think the uncertainty there still exists. That certainly puts uncertainty in the mix when you think about interest rates going forward. I think we've all appreciated over the last several months some of the political discussion around tariffs and other things can have impacts on businesses around the globe. It can also impact foreign exchange rates, which we are sensitive to in certain regions. Maybe I'll highlight that, that piece first. I think everyone can appreciate our methodology of applying foreign exchange rates to our outlook. I described that in the prepared remarks. If you just take the spot rates today, we would see a benefit of up to $120 million in our revenue line in our outlook for the balance of this year. That would also translate into about a $70 million positive impact to the EBITDA numbers that we have. That's better than $0.10 on an AFFO per share, better than the outlook we just rolled out this morning for everyone. It's too early for us to count on those spot rates; things can change. That's an example of uncertainty. Interest rates can move around, and that certainly can impact our AFFO and AFFO per share. Now, with that said, you've seen us take multiple steps to strengthen our balance sheet and reduce the refinancing risk this year. That includes paying down much of the bonds that are coming due this year, as well as dramatically reducing our exposure to floating rate debt. We've gotten that down into the low-single-digits as a percent of our total debt being exposed to floating rate debt. That's less than $1.5 billion of floating rate debt in total. The other thing I would highlight is that we only have a handful of bonds left to renew. It's a little over $2 billion when you think about the balance of this year. Within that, we've already refinanced or issued new bonds at the beginning of Q2 here of $1 billion. So, we've already taken half of that remaining refinancing risk off the table. That puts us in a pretty good place relative to refinancing risk. Maybe $1.5 billion of refinancing going out up against the very low percentage of our debt that is exposed to floating rate debt. That means we could refinance all of the remaining bonds throughout 2025 without entering the capital markets at all if we chose to. We could pay those off with the revolvers we have and still be in the single-digits in terms of ending the year with floating rate as a percent of our overall debt. That gives us tremendous optionality to manage through this uncertainty. Those are just a couple of examples of what uncertainty means to us.

Yeah. Thank you for the color. One more if I could quickly. Can you help us frame how much of the service revenue growth was due to one carrier upgrading or doing their RAN upgrade versus more traditional service revenue, maybe how far they are through that process?

It's pretty broad-based on that. With the construction services, that is much more regional for one carrier, but you can't read anything into that because it's a pretty steady cadence with that carrier, regardless of what they're doing in the activity area there. I would just say the rest of the services business is pretty broad-based.

Okay. So, more organic, not necessarily one carrier ran upgrade on dependent?

Yeah. It's just more general activity levels on the tower. It's a little bit of everything. It's the new co-locations; it's the amendments; it's just all the activity on our sites. We capture a pretty high degree of that activity in our services business.

Great. Thank you for the time.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our next question comes from Ben Swinburne from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Thanks. Good morning. Excuse me. Two questions. We had another quarter last week of strong fixed wireless growth across your domestic carrier customer base. I know it's hard to sort of map that to what you're seeing in your business, but I wanted to see if, Steve, you had any updated thoughts on sort of the increased activity you keep talking about and seeing in your business, and the outlook for accelerating growth and the role fixed wireless may or may not be playing in carrier investment into their networks? For Rod, I think you guys last quarter talked about having maybe a quantified cost savings initiative message for us later this year. I know you don't have anything new on that front today, but just wondering if you have any update in terms of the process or things that the team is focused on or opportunities that you think are sizable just as we kind of think about that opportunity longer-term for the company? Thank you, guys.

I'll take the second one first on the cost savings. Where we are in the process is we've got teams looking at the various cost components around the globe. The way I would think about that is you've got SG&A that we have looked at. We've already made some progress on SG&A over the portfolio and so we've kind of harvested a lot of the low-hanging fruit there. There's still probably a little bit of room there, but we're still trying to figure out exactly what that means. When you look at the rest of the cost stack, it's things like operations and maintenance, some of our development CapEx, we might be able to save some money with supply chain, but we're still in the early days of assessing that, so we really don't have targets for you guys. We do think there's opportunity directionally on that. In terms of the fixed wireless, anything that our carriers can monetize is good news, right? They're able to put more customers on their network. We're seeing them earn some healthy returns on the fixed wireless that they're doing. What they're saying publicly is still that they're using fallow capacity on the network. There's nothing that would contradict the carriers on that. I hope that they find a business case to invest in standalone fixed wireless. What I can tell you is to the extent that they're using the existing network for fixed wireless, we wouldn't see that broken out. That would just show up as kind of normal business for us. That would just be in kind of the normal course of business. To the extent that they started building dedicated fixed wireless assets, that's not something that's been in our view shed, and it's not in any of our projections. That would be an upside opportunity for us if they started doing that, but there are no indications today from any of the carriers that they're investing in a separate fixed wireless network at this point.

Got it. Thank you.

Thank you. In the interest of time, we have time for one more question. Our next question comes from Jonathan Atkin from RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Thanks. I wanted to ask a little bit about inorganic growth and particularly in Europe. What would be some of the criteria that you would look at to maybe get bigger in some of those developed markets, whether it's scale or valuation, and what's kind of the landscape there and your lens around acquisition? Back on CoreSite, you made some pretty positive comments. Are we to conclude that you're seeing accelerating growth in, say, cross-connect counts and kilowatt or cabinet growth based on the demand trends that you saw, anything on book-to-bill that you can share, and other metrics around CoreSite? Thank you.

Certainly. When considering Europe, the primary factor we assess in any market is a robust carrier ecosystem that promotes long-term growth. Each country possesses unique characteristics, so it’s crucial to ensure a healthy carrier environment that supports colocation as a viable business model. The next factor we evaluate is whether the terms and conditions foster long-term growth potential. There have been past transactions that we chose to forgo due to certain issues. For instance, we've encountered situations where monetizing amendments with the anchor tenant was possible, or where carriers had the right to repurchase assets after a set number of years. There have also been opportunities with low fixed escalators compared to CPI-linked ones, and sites deemed prime yet difficult to lease. All of these factors diminish future growth opportunities, leading us to opt out of those transactions. Another key consideration is valuation and whether we can generate incremental value through the transaction. There are several European countries we favor, which exhibit these advantageous characteristics. However, we have yet to find a portfolio trade that meets our criteria regarding terms and pricing. We will remain disciplined and watch for potential opportunities. On the CoreSite front, we are observing solid cross-net growth. We expect revenue growth from cross-connects to be in the high-single-digit to low double-digit range for 2025. Additionally, we continue to see strong pricing, with our mark-to-market exceeding the historical range of 2% to 4%, and our churn remains consistent with historical levels. We feel very optimistic about the dynamics at CoreSite. As mentioned earlier, demand remains robust, and we anticipate a sustained influx of enterprise customers who will migrate workloads from the cloud and their own data centers into CoreSite.

Thank you.

Thank you. This does conclude the question-and-answer session. I will now turn it back to Adam Smith for closing remarks.

Thank you all for joining the call today. If you have any other questions, please feel free to reach out to the Investor Relations team. Thank you.

Thank you for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program. You may now disconnect.