Good morning and welcome to the Cogent Communications Holdings Third Quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. As a reminder, this call is being recorded and it will be available for replay at www.cogentco.com. A transcript of this conference call will be posted on the same website when it becomes available. Cogent's summary of financial and operational results attached to its press release can be downloaded from the Cogent website.

Thank you. And good morning, everyone. Welcome to our third quarter 2022 earnings conference call. I'm Dave Schaeffer, Cogent CEO. And with me on this morning's call is Tad Weed, our Chief Financial Officer. Hopefully, you've had a chance to review our earnings press release. The press release includes a number of historical metrics that we present in a consistent manner for every quarter. Our revenue growth accelerated this quarter and our corporate revenues increased sequentially by 0.4% from the first quarter, the first time since the beginning of the pandemic, and is in part due to the increase in USF revenues. Excluding the $670,000 sequential increase in USF revenues, our corporate revenues were essentially flat sequentially for the quarter. Our total revenues increased sequentially by 1% to exactly $150 million, an increase of 1.4% year-over-year. Our total revenues and our Netcentric revenues were materially impacted by the negative impact of foreign exchange in the quarter and the continuing strengthening of the US dollar. For the quarter, the sequential negative impact of foreign exchange was $1.5 million and was negative $4.2 million on a year-over-year basis. On a constant currency basis, our revenues grew sequentially by 2% and grew by 4.3% year-over-year. Our Corporate business continues to be influenced by real estate activities in the central business districts of major North American cities. Two key statistics, including the level of security cards, rights, and buildings, and leasing activities indicate that year to date, the real estate market and leasing activities in these central business districts have seen some improvement, but have not yet returned to their pre-pandemic levels. Leasing activity across major markets and workers' return to offices continue to improve albeit slowly. On a US GAAP basis, our corporate revenues increased sequentially 0.4% for the first time since the second quarter of 2020. We continue to remain cautiously optimistic in our outlook for improvement in our Corporate revenues in these uncertain economic times, and continuing to deal with the challenges of COVID-19. Our Netcentric business continues to benefit from continued growth in video traffic and streaming. For the quarter, our network traffic was up 2% sequentially and traffic accelerated to a year-over-year growth rate of 21% in the third quarter. On a US GAAP basis, our Netcentric revenues grew sequentially by 1.9% and grew by 9.6% on a year-over-year basis. On a constant currency basis, our Netcentric revenues grew sequentially 4.3% and increased by 16.8% from the third quarter of 2021. Our EBITDA margins, as adjusted for the $2 million extraordinary expense associated with the acquisition of T Mobile wireline, or known as the Sprint GMG business, that were incurred in the quarter increased sequentially by 50 basis points and by 90 basis points on a year-over-year basis to 39.9%. This EBITDA margin represents the highest adjusted EBITDA margin in the company's 23 year history. Our sales force rep productivity was 4.6 units per rep per full-time equivalent as compared to 4.9 in the last quarter. While this is a decline of 6.1%, it still represents a 7% year-over-year improvement. We significantly increased the size of our sales force by adding 45 sales reps, a 9.4% sequential increase, representing the largest ever net increase in sales force in Cogent's ancestry. This did impact our rep productivity. We ended the quarter with 522 reps and 465 full-time equivalents, a 3.6% increase in full-time equivalent sales reps. Now for a couple words on the acquisition of the Sprint Wireline business. We are diligently working through the approval process to complete our acquisition of Sprint's Wireline business in conjunction with T Mobile and numerous various regulatory agencies around the world. We anticipate the acquisition will close in the second half of 2023. We incurred $2 million of professional fees in the third quarter in conjunction with the acquisition. We anticipate those professional fees to be dramatically reduced in the subsequent quarters. We anticipate that the Sprint Wireline revenues that were approximately $560 million for fiscal year 2021 will be approximately $450 million annual run rate at the close date. We expect that the number of Sprint Wireline products will be reduced dramatically from the approximately 30 products offered today, down to 4 by closing. Over the next three years, we anticipate annualized savings of $180 million on the North American network, primarily by utilizing the Cogent metro footprint and our on-net building portfolio. We also anticipate $25 million of annual savings on the international network by migrating off of a lease network onto the owned Cogent network globally. And we, thirdly, expect about a $15 million reduction in Cogent's operating and maintenance expenses associated with an IRU that we will be abandoning. There will be additional SG&A savings that include headcount reduction and other general operating cost synergies. During the quarter, we returned $42.7 million to our shareholders through our regular dividend program. We did not purchase any stock during the quarter and have $30.4 million available under our buyback program, which the board extended to 2023. Our Board of Directors, reflecting on the strong cash flow generating capabilities, investment opportunities in front of the company, decided to increase our quarterly dividend sequentially by $0.01 per share raising our quarterly dividend from $0.905 per share to $0.915 per share. This increase represents the 41st consecutive sequential increase in our regular quarterly dividend. A 4.4% annualized dividend growth rate is now in line with our growth rate in free cash flow generation. Now for a couple of comments around long-term expectations. Our targeted long-term EBITDA margin expansion guidance is for approximately 200 basis points per year. Our targeted multi-year constant currency growth rate is targeted to be 10%. Once our entities, that is Cogent and Sprint, are combined, we anticipate that for the combined entity, the annual revenue growth rate will be between 5% and 7% and the EBITDA margin expansion annually, after initial synergies are achieved, will be about 100 basis points per year. Our revenue and EBITDA guidance targets are intended to be multi-year targets and are not intended to be used for either quarterly or even specific annual guidance. Now, I'd like to ask Tad to read some Safe Harbor language, provide some additional operating performance data. And then after that, we will open the call for questions and answers.

Thank you, Dave. And good morning, everyone. This earnings conference call includes forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based upon our current intent, beliefs and expectations. These forward-looking statements and all other statements that may be made on this call that are not historical facts are subjected to a number of risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially. Please refer to our SEC filings for more information on the factors that could cause actual results to differ. Cogent undertakes no obligation to update or revise our forward-looking statements. If we use non-GAAP financial measures during this call, you will find these reconciled to this corresponding GAAP measurement in our earnings releases which are posted on our website at cogentco.com. Comment on COVID-19 and risk updates. Like many companies, we continue to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and our risk related to COVID-19 and other risks are described in more detail in our annual report on Form 10-K for 2021 and in our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the first and second quarter and this quarter's report which will be filed Friday. Corporate and Netcentric revenue and customer connections. We analyze our revenues based upon network connection type, which is on-net, off-net and non-core and we'll also analyze our revenues based upon customer type and classify all of our customers into two types, Netcentric customers and Corporate customers. Our Corporate customers buy bandwidth from us in large multi-tenant office buildings or in carrier neutral data centers. These customers are typically professional service firms, financial service firms, educational institutions located in multi-tenant office buildings or connected to our network through our carrier neutral data center footprint. Our Netcentric customers buy significant amounts of bandwidth from us in carrier neutral data centers and include streaming companies and content distribution service providers, as well as access networks who serve consumers and business customers. Our corporate business represented 57% of our revenues this quarter and our corporate revenue declined year-over-year by 4% to $85.5 million from the third quarter of last year, but, as Dave mentioned, increased sequentially by 0.4% for the first time since the second quarter of 2020. We have 45,176 corporate customer connections on our network at quarter-end, which was a sequential increase of 0.2% and a year-over-year decline of 0.8%. Our total revenues and our Corporate revenues are impacted by changes in the USF tax rates which are updated quarterly. For the quarter, the impact of USF on our revenues was a positive 0.7 million and the impact was negative year-over-year by the same amount, $0.7 million. Our Netcentric business, which represented 43% of our revenues this quarter, and despite material FX headwinds, had another solid quarter and grew by 1.9% to $64.5 million sequentially and grew by 9.6% on a US GAAP and a year-over-year basis. Volatility in foreign exchange rates primarily impacts our Netcentric revenue, and the impact was materially negative both sequentially and year-over-year. On a constant currency basis, our Netcentric revenue increased year-over-year by 16.8%, which was an increase from the constant currency revenue increased last quarter of 16.2% and grew sequentially by 4.3%, which also was an increase from last quarter, which was 2.5%. We had 51,145 Netcentric customer connections on our network at quarter-end. That was a sequential increase of 0.9% and a year-over-year increase of 7.8%. On revenue and customer connections by network type, our on-net revenue was $113.2 million for the quarter, which was a sequential increase of 1.1% and a year-over-year increase of 1.9%. Our on-net customer connections increased by 0.4% sequentially to 82,614 and increased by 3.1% year-over-year. We serve our on-net customers and our 3,126 total on-net multi-tenant office in carrier neutral data center buildings. We continue to succeed at selling larger connections, 100 gigabit connections and 400 gigabit connections, in select locations and that has had the impact of increasing our on-net ARPU. Our off-net revenue was $36.6 million for the quarter, a sequential increase of 0.9% and a small year-over-year decrease of 0.1%. Our off-net revenues are impacted by incorporating the cost savings we obtained from lower local loop prices into our pricing. The introduction of these customers into our off-net revenue base lowers our off-net ARPU. Our off-net customer connections increased sequentially by 1.5% to 13,359 off-net connections. That was a 6.9% year-over-year increase. And we ended the quarter serving our off-net customers in about 8,100 off-net buildings. These off-net buildings are primarily located in North America. Our average price per megabit of our installed customer base decreased for the quarter, and our average price per megabit for our new customer contracts was flat. The average price per megabit for our installed base declined sequentially by 6.3% to $0.27 and declined year-over-year by 20.8%. This annual rate of decline was better than our historical long-term rate of decline for our installed base of 21.5%. The average price per megabit for our new customer contracts for the quarter was $0.15. That was the same as last quarter and a year-over-year decline of 24.2%. This annual rate of decline was compared to our long-term rate of decline of 22.1%. Selling larger connections results in a change in our connection mix and has the effect of lowering our average price per megabit at a greater rate than changes in our ARPU. Our on-net ARPU slightly increased and our off-net ARPU continued to decline, but at a slight rate from lower pricing that we're obtaining from our circuit vendors that we pass on to our off-net customers. Our on-net ARPU, which includes both Corporate and Netcentric customers, increased sequentially by 0.5% from $455 to $458. Our off-net ARPU, which is predominantly comprised of corporate customers, declined sequentially by 0.8% from $927 to $920. Some comments on churn. Our sequential quarterly churn rates for both on-net and off-net connections were relatively stable and they continue to hover around 1%. Our on-net unit churn rate was 1.1% this quarter compared to 1% last quarter, and our off-net unit churn rate was 1% this quarter and 1.1% last quarter. In order to reduce our customer turnover, we employ a dedicated sales group that works to retain customers who have indicated that they are considering terminating their service with us. We may offer pricing discounts to these customers in order to induce them to reverse their termination decision to purchase additional services from us and/or extend the term of their Cogent contract. During the quarter, certain of our on-net customers, Netcentric customers took advantage of our volume and contract term discounts and entered into long-term contracts with us for over 2,350 customer connections. And that increased their total revenue commitment to Cogent by over $21.5 million. Some comments on EBITDA and EBITDA margin. We reconcile our EBITDA to our cash flow from operations in each of our quarterly earnings releases. Seasonal factors that typically impact our EBITDA and our SG&A expenses in particular include the resetting of payroll taxes in the United States at the beginning of each year, annual cost of living or CPI increases, seasonal vacation periods, the timing level of our audit and tax services, and more recently, Sprint acquisition costs and our annual benefit plan cost increases. Our EBITDA, if you include the $2 million of Sprint acquisition professional fee costs, decreased sequentially by $0.6 million and increased slightly year-over-year by $0.1 million. Our EBITDA, excluding these Sprint acquisition costs, increased sequentially by $1.4 million and $2.1 million year-over-year. The negative impact of foreign exchange reduced our year-over-year EBITDA growth by $1.8 million. Our quarterly EBITDA margin, including the Sprint acquisition costs, decreased sequentially by 80 basis points to 38.6% and year-over-year by 40 basis points. Our quarterly EBITDA margin excluding the $2 million of Sprint acquisition costs increased sequentially by 50 basis points to 39.9% and increased year-over-year by 90 basis points. Comments on earnings per share. We did incur a net loss this quarter due to the $16.9 million non-cash increase in the valuation of our swap agreement and our basic and diluted loss per share was $0.17 for the quarter. Foreign exchange gains and losses on the translation of our 2024 euro notes and USD until we extinguish them on June 30, 2022, losses on the extinguishment of debt and the non-cash changes in the valuation of our interest rate swap agreement, have been the primary contributors to the variability in our net income and consequently our per share results. Further comments on foreign currency. Our revenue earned outside of the United States is reported in US dollars and was approximately 24% of our total quarterly revenues this quarter. About 16% of our revenues this quarter were based in Europe and 8% of our revenues were related to our Canadian, Mexican, Asia-Pacific, and South American and African operations. As we experienced again this quarter, volatility in foreign exchange rates can materially impact our quarterly reported US GAAP results. The foreign exchange impact on our revenue this quarter was materially negative both sequentially and year-over-year and is expected again to be materially negative in the fourth quarter. The average euro to US dollar rate so far this quarter, so our fourth quarter, is $0.98 and the average Canadian dollar exchange rate is CAD 0.73. Should these average foreign exchange rates remain at the current levels for the remainder of the fourth quarter of this year, we estimate that the FX conversion impact on our sequential quarterly revenues for the fourth quarter would be a negative $1 million and the year-over-year conversion impact on our quarterly revenues would be a negative $4.3 million. We believe that our revenue and customer base is not highly concentrated and our top 25 customers represent about 6% of our revenues for the quarter, consistent with the past. Some comments on CapEx. Our quarterly capital expenditures did increase sequentially to $24 million. Supply chain uncertainty and purchases in anticipation and the closing of our Sprint acquisition have caused us to shift our typical purchasing schedule for network equipment. These anticipatory investments are designed to ensure that we have satisfactory inventory levels of network equipment to accommodate our growth plans. And that includes our new Wavelength product offering as a result of the Sprint Wireline acquisition and the interconnection of our two networks together in multiple locations and to meet our Cogent customer needs. Finance leases and finance lease payments. Our finance lease IRU obligations are for long-term dark fiber leases and typically have initial terms of 15 to 20 years or longer, and often include multiple renewal options after the initial term. Our IRU finance lease obligations were $287.9 million at quarter-end. We have a very diverse set of IRU suppliers and have IRU contracts with 306 different dark fiber suppliers across the world. Cash and operating cash flow. At quarter-end, our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash was $323.7 million. $54.7 million of restricted cash is directly tied to the estimated fair value of our interest rate swap agreement as collateral. Our cash flow from operations was $53.6 million this quarter, a Cogent record, and an increase of $6.2 million from the third quarter of last year and a significant increase of $19.2 million from last quarter. Some comments on debt and ratios. Our total gross debt at par including finance IRU lease obligations was $1.2 billion at quarter-end and our net debt was $914.2 million. Our total gross debt to trailing last 12 months EBITDA as adjusted for our Sprint acquisition cost ratio was 5.31 at quarter-end and our net debt ratio was 3.93. Our consolidated leverage ratio as calculated under the note indentures was slightly different, 5.30, and our secured leverage ratio was 3.37. Our fixed coverage ratio as calculated under our note indentures was 3.93. Some comments on the swap. We are party to an interest rate swap agreement that modifies our fixed interest rate obligation associated with our $500 million 2026 notes to a variable interest rate obligation based on the secured overnight financing rate, or SOFR, for the remaining term of the 2026 notes. We record the estimated fair value of the swap agreement reporting period, and we incur corresponding non-cash gains and losses due to changes in market interest rates. At quarter-end, the fair value of the swap agreement increased by $16.9 million from last quarter to a net estimated liability of $54.7 million. We are required to maintain a restricted cash balance with the counterparty equal to the net estimated liability. The settlement payments under our swap agreement are made in November and May. Our initial settlement payment, which we made in November of last year, was a net cash savings of $0.6 million. Under the settlement payment we made in May of last year, we achieved a net cash savings of $1.2 million for the period from November 2021 to April 30, 2022. That was a total combined savings of $1.8 million for those two payments. But under the settlement payment that we're making on November 3, it will be a net cash interest expense of $3.4 million for the period from May 1 through October 31. Lastly, some comments on bad debt and DSO which both improved. Our bad debt expense was only 0.2% of our revenues for the quarter, unchanged from last quarter, but a significant improvement from 0.7% in the third quarter of last year. And our days sales outstanding, or DSO, for worldwide accounts receivable improved and was 21 days, improved by 1 day from 22 days last quarter. Again, excellent collection activity results. And we want to thank and recognize our worldwide billing and collection team members for continuing to do just a fantastic job serving our customers and collecting from our customers.

Thanks, Ted. I'd like to highlight a few of the strengths of our network, our customer base, and our sales force. Now for a couple of comments on our Netcentric performance. We achieved excellent revenue growth in our Netcentric business where year-over-year Netcentric revenue growth was 9.6% and was 16.8% on a constant currency basis, an acceleration from the 16.2% constant currency growth that we delivered in Q2. We're direct beneficiaries of an increasing trend of over-the-top video and streaming, particularly in international markets. At quarter's end, there were 1,433 carrier neutral data centers connected to our network, 54 Cogent data centers for a grand total of 14,187 data centers, more than any other carrier as measured by independent third-party research. The breadth of our coverage enables our Netcentric customers to better optimize their networks and reduce latency. We expect that we will continue to widen our lead in this market as we project to add over an additional 100 carrier neutral data centers to our network each year for the next several years. At quarter's end, we were directly connected to 7,766 networks that comprise the majority of the internet. This collection of ISPs, telephone companies, cable companies, mobile operators, and other carriers provide us access to the vast majority of the world's broadband and mobile subscriber customers. At quarter's end, we had a sales force of 208 sales professionals who focused exclusively on the Netcentric market. We believe that this sales force is one of the largest and most sophisticated sales teams for this market segment in the industry. Now for a couple of comments on our Corporate business. We are seeing some positive trends in our Corporate business. As work-from-home environment becomes established as part of people's normal work routines, we see many of our corporate customers looking to upgrade their internet access infrastructure to larger capacity connections. Our corporate customers are aggressively integrating new applications, which have become part of the work-from-home environment, including video conferencing. This usage will require higher capacity connections, both inside and outside of the premise. Our aggressive push to lower costs of bandwidth and provide greater coverage has begun to boost demand for our corporate product, which is a robust, bidirectional, symmetric, either 1 gig or 10 gig interface. Corporate customers are increasingly buying connections in carrier neutral data centers for redundancy to support their users' ad hoc VPNs in a hybrid work environment. We remain focused on our sales force productivity and continue to improve our sales training program and manage out underperformers. On a sequential basis, our sales rep headcount increased significantly 45 quota-bearing reps or 9.4% sequentially and 1.2% year-over-year to a total of 522 reps. Our number of full-time equivalent reps also increased to 465 from 449. Our sales force turnover rate continued to improve and was reduced to 5.5% per month from the 5.9% we reported in Q2 and from the peak rate of turnover during the pandemic of 8.7% per month. This is a direct result of having our sales force back in the office and having the ability to do in-person training. Now for a few summary remarks. We remain optimistic that our unique position in serving small and mid-sized businesses that are located in the central business districts of major cities and 1,832 large multi-tenant office buildings on our network representing nearly 1 billion square feet of office space. We're excited about adding a new customer segment that is large enterprise customers and also adding optical transport networking, OTM services, or commonly known as Wavelength services, to our product portfolio as a result of our acquisition of the Sprint business. Currently, key indicators for office activity, including workplace reentry and leasing, remain below pre-pandemic levels. However, we're encouraged that many tenants have indicated that a return to office in 2022 is going to continue and leasing activities for commercial office space have begun to rebound. We're optimistic that with the combination of our sales team being in office and the return of our customers to a more normalized work environment, we will benefit from selling tenants who have deferred or delayed network upgrade decisions due to the pandemic. Many companies are establishing long-term network architectures that will support a permanent hybrid work policy. As certain corporations elect to downsize or office requirements in multi-tenant buildings, the number of tenants per building will actually increase, increasing Cogent's on-net Corporate opportunity. We also will benefit from showing our services to new tenants who are occupying these buildings as a direct result of the aggressive leasing that has been done by landlords across the US and Canada. Our targeted multi-year constant currency revenue growth rate remains 10% and our long-term EBITDA margin expansion rates will be approximately 200 basis points per year. However, once we have combined with Sprint, our revenue scale increases by nearly 90%. Our growth rate will decelerate to between 5% and 7% and our EBITDA margins, once we have completed the network synergies, will be consistently able to grow by about 100 basis points a year. A quarter-end, cash held at Cogent Holdings was $84.6 million and we had an additional $122.8 million at Cogent Group, which is freely transferable to Holdings, giving us $207.4 million of unrestricted cash available for either dividends or buybacks. Our Board of Directors once again approved a sequential increase in our dividend. This is the 41st consecutive sequential increase in our dividend, increasing our dividend at $0.01 per share to $0.915 per share. This represents a 4.4% annualized dividend growth rate, which is in line with our current growth rate and free cash flow. Our consistent dividend increase demonstrates our continued optimism about our business's ability to generate increasing amounts of free cash flow. We are diligently working through the approval process to complete the acquisition of the Sprint Wireline business. We're excited and optimistic about the improved cash flow generating opportunities that we will have with a larger and more globally diverse product and customer base. We anticipate the acquisition to close by mid to end of year 2023.

Our consistent dividend increase demonstrates our continued optimism about our business's ability to generate increasing amounts of free cash flow. We are diligently working through the approval process to complete the acquisition of the Sprint Wireline business. We're excited and optimistic about the improved cash flow generating opportunities that we will have with a larger and more globally diverse product and customer base. We anticipate the acquisition to close by mid to end of year 2023.

Dave, can you just take us through the conversation with the board that led to the reduction in your sequential increase in the dividend, kind of what the thought process was there, and how we should think about that going forward, especially post Sprint closing?

As I reiterated on the last earnings call and in numerous public venues over the last quarter, it is necessary for the growth rate and the dividend and the growth rate and free cash flow to come into alignment. I think the board looked at our current rate of growth in cash flow. They were encouraged by the underlying improvements in our Corporate business, but are also realistic that the improvements in the corporate environment are going to take some time. So, in order to mitigate the increase in net leverage, the board decided to moderate the rate of dividend growth to that $0.01 per share or 4.4% annually. We will continue to monitor the improvements in our business and its free cash flow generation. We are committed to being efficient stewards of capital and returning that capital to shareholders through either dividends or buybacks. And it is our expectation that our growth rate and free cash flow will reaccelerate in conjunction with the improvement in our Corporate business, but we're uncertain how quickly that improvement will occur. So it seemed more prudent to the board to take this more moderate rate of increase in the dividend.

Just one follow-up is, seeing how the swap has performed for you guys over the past year or so and just looking - given your outlook for your company, the macro, the new mix of business, any change or any thought on what might change your target leverage ratios for the company? Are you satisfied with the current targets?

You're absolutely correct, the swap has not worked out as well as we had hoped. While we had initial cash savings of $1.8 million, as Ted indicated, we will be in a cash deficit. This interest payment that'll be made today is a net cash interest expense of $3.4 million for the period from May 1 through October 31. We did not anticipate the velocity and magnitude of interest rate increases. While we anticipated some, the increase in the Fed's fund rate has been more accelerated than we had forecast. We also think that the underlying rate of inflation will continue to moderate and therefore that rate of increase in the interest will moderate and may even decline and most likely will decline during the swap period. So, I think the jury's out. But between now and 2026, we still think that the swap was the right decision, and we will be better off because of it because we will have diversified our borrowings to about 50% fixed and 50% variable. Now to the second part of your second question, which is the ultimate leverage target. Our range is 2.5 to 3 times on a net basis. We're at 3.93 today, which is above that range. We do have excess cash on the balance sheet. And as we have communicated to investors consistently, actually over the past decade, our goal has been to disgorge cash and return more than 100% of free cash flow to our equity holders. That policy remains in place. We think with the more moderate rate of increase in the dividend, we should expect to say the net leverage relatively peak where it is now and begin to decline. So, we're going to take a measured approach. We will look at the growth in our free cash flow and remain committed to returning that cash flow to equity.

And our next question will come from James Breen with William Blair.

Dave, you talked about some of the long-term targets for the business once the acquisition closes from a growth perspective. Can you just talk about how it might change the absolute EBITDA levels and CapEx levels? And then also, it seemed like CapEx jumped quite a bit this quarter sequentially. Can you just talk about some of the puts and takes there?

Yeah, I'm going to take the CapEx one first and then talk about the long-term targets secondly. Our CapEx has been elevated for two – well, up to this quarter for one reason and now for two. The first reason, which still exists, is we are ordering excess equipment because of supply chain constraints from our vendors. The equipment that we order is modular. We order a complete kit of configuration and find ourselves receiving maybe only 70% or 80% of what we had ordered and then miscellaneous and somewhat random components ship much later. That has forced us to carry much higher levels of equipment and inventory than we are accustomed to. We believe – and this is in discussions with Cisco, our main vendor – that we have past the worst of these components shortages and the ability to ship anymore normalized schedule will continue to improve over the next 6 to 12 months and will be back to a more normalized order to delivery cycle. And we'll be able to draw down on those inventories. The second expenditure, which was unique to this quarter, was the beginning of spending money to interconnect our network with the Sprint network in multiple locations around the world. We had told investors that there would be a one-time expenditure of about $50 million to achieve those interconnections. Some of the CapEx that we spent is as a result of these one-time expenses, and they will continue for the next several quarters. We can actually do this work anticipatorily and in advance of getting the regulatory approvals. Now we do run the risk of not getting regulatory approvals, but we view that risk as minimal. Our purchase agreement does include a traditional hell and high water provision, so both sides will do what it takes to get this deal through the regulatory approval process. On a going forward basis, the combined company will have a revenue scale at close of about $1.1 billion, up from Cogent's roughly $650 million scale. As a result of that larger scale and our new product, Wavelengths, we anticipate that the, going forward, annual capital expenditures for the larger combined company will be about $30 million higher than they would have been for Cogent standalone. So, two things. The one-time $50 million set of extraordinary expenses and then, two, the recurring $30 million of incremental going forward. Now, for the long-term targets, both around revenue growth and EBITDA. Cogent's core business has been tremendously negatively impacted by the pandemic. We are seeing that negative impact subside and our growth rate is returning. That's encouraging to us and we think that trend will continue. But we also are not comfortable in predicting exactly when we will return to that historic average organic growth rate for Cogent's business of 10% per year. But we feel comfortable we will. We also know that, of the $450 million of revenue that we're acquiring from T Mobile, the Sprint business, most of that is concentrated in large enterprise customers that generate about $442 million of that $450 million in revenue. And because these are very long-term agreements and these companies have already configured their networks, we do not anticipate material growth out of that revenue stream, probably in the order of 1% to 2% annually. But the real meteoric growth in the combined business will come from our ability to sell the optical transport products or wavelengths. Today, that is only an $8 million business at Sprint. We anticipate that, within five years of closing, we can grow that to a $400 million business. So when we add these three legs of growth together on a kind of more normalized basis, getting past this initial ramp up in the Wavelength business, we should find the combined company with EBITDA margins in the low to mid 30s and the ability to grow top line 5% to 7% and the ability to expand margins consistently at about 100 basis points a year.

Just a quick follow-up to that. So as you look at the combined company revenue, obviously, a lot larger, but you're not taking on incremental debt. So does that mean off of that sort of low to mid 30s EBITDA margin combined, you'll have a higher free cash flow yield because the interest expense will be small relative to the revenue that you have now?

That is absolutely correct, Jim. We will absolutely be producing significantly more free cash flow per share. Things may actually even be better than what we are forecasting. And again, we've tried to be transparent with investors. We are getting $700 million in cash over 54 months from T Mobile. In our forecasts of revenue, growth and margin. We are taking the most conservative approach and not counting any of that as revenue. It is highly likely that we can count some, possibly even all, I think that's unlikely, of that as revenue. If that is the case, our revenue growth will actually have a material step function up with those payments and our margins will be much better than what we are predicting.

Our next question will come from Frank Louthan with Raymond James.

When will you know what that status is with what you're able to recognize? And then, is the Sprint network kind of on the same pace that it was and some of the business sort of declining and so forth? Is that still on the same pace that it was when you announced the deal?

First of all, let me take the rate of decline. It's actually accelerating, Frank. The reason is that, in our agreement with T Mobile, the subscale and unprofitable products are being end-of-lifed. There are customer contractual obligations, so we can't turn off the switch. We are working with the engineering teams at Sprint and also the sales teams to give customers alternatives. But by design, we expect the revenue stream to decrease by close to 25%, from $560 million down to $450 million in about the one-year period from announcement to closing. That's actually about twice as fast as the rate of decline had historically been. However, once that set of unprofitable products is purged from the network, we expect the remaining products to remain stable and our ability to increase throughput by bringing those customers on-net using our metro footprint not only improves margin, but it allows the customer to get a 10x increase in their ultimate services.

With respect to the accounting for the contract – IP transit contracts with T Mobile, the accounting for that will be combined with the acquisition since that contract is entered into at the same time as the acquisition. And the final determination will be made once the appraisal is performed of the acquired business. We would expect that to be performed at the same time in the second half of next year. I will say, on a preliminary basis, it appears that the majority of the IP transit payments would be straight-line revenue over the term over the 54 months.

Yeah. And we're going to, ultimately, need that appraisal and work with our auditors, Ernst & Young, before we're comfortable in reporting that exact number to investors.

Our next question will come from Nick Del Deo from MoffettNathanson.

First, one quick clarification and then two more substantive ones. I didn't write the numbers down fast enough as you were speaking. Were the total expected savings you articulated for the Sprint deal in your prepared remarks the same as what you shared at recent investor conferences?

The answer is yes, they were identical. And absent SG&A and headcount numbers, we're anticipating an aggregate set of savings of about $220 million a year. That being $180 million of North American Sprint network savings, about $25 million of international Sprint network savings, and approximately $15 million of North American Cogent network savings.

So, the first real question, your principal payments on capital leases were at a record level and your capital lease obligations were up about $34 million sequentially, which is pretty meaningful. What's behind that? Was there any sort of value or reclass like you had a couple of years ago? Or is it something else?

Two very different things. The first point is, we began to acquire IRUs for fiber to physically interconnect the two networks. And when we do that, there's both a cash payment upfront, which was relatively modest, but we also have to reflect in the lease balance all of the O&M over that term. And actually, for some of those new fiber routes, the term is actually 44 years. So, that number can be pretty large. The second thing that happened in the quarter is a major IRU in France ended. There was no upfront payment, but we elected to extend that for another 20 years, and then have to reflect that obligation for O&M over that 20-year period. So those are the two reasons why both the balance and the initial payments increased.

Was there any OpEx impact to the extension in France?

No, because it already was a capital lease when reclassification occurred three years, four years ago. The remaining several years of that moved from OpEx to CapEx, but just till that period, then we had this one-time window that we could have walked away and elected to extend. And part of our extension was a negotiation with the counterparty for a lower CPI adjustment, which sounds counterintuitive in this market, why they would lower the CPI rate of increase, but it's better to get something than nothing because kind of what we convinced them off.

And what happened really with the transaction in France is we had a number of individual leases that were all aggregated and made coterminous under one long-term lease. So both extended the term and simplified really the accounting for it and the contract.

Last question. Dave, can you give us any updates on customer feedback or early expressions of interest you're getting regarding the potential to sell dark fiber or wavelengths post Sprint close?

NANOG, the North American Network Operators Group, which is an engineering forum, held its quarterly conference in Los Angeles about a month ago. I was not initially attending to – planning to attend that conference, but chose to do so after we announced the Sprint deal, just so I could sit down with the engineering teams of many of our key customers, this being folks like Amazon, Microsoft, Facebook, Charter, Cox, some of our larger Netcentric customers, and really kind of understand their wish list of what they would like to be able to purchase. And I left those meetings, not able to sign any waters because I can't until the deal closes, but very, very encouraged that there was a significant pool of demand for these services. And it was surprising to me that many customers have actually done their homework, came to meetings with shopping lists of very specific routes and city pairs that they were interested in. And we told them we can kind of provide these services day one at closing, but we could not take those orders yet.

Our next question will come from David Barden with Bank of America.

Dave, just on that point. So, I guess, as we followed the company, we've got the Netcentric business where you've kind of had this very marginal cost strategy on pricing, which I think was really geared towards scaling up your relevance to the industry. And then, we've got the Corporate side where you've been making the money, really focused on a very simple, low-cost broadband strategy. And as we think about this path between $8 million and the $400 million that you're trying to get to in the wavelength services, which of these two strategies is it? Is it kind of mercilessly lower price to win incremental share and figure out the profit later? Or is there something more like the Corporate strategy, where there's real money to be made in the nearer term?

I'm going to take your first question first and I'm going to actually disagree slightly with the premise of the question, which is that we don't make money on the Netcentric business. The most profitable business at Cogent is our on-net services. In our Corporate product mix, 60% of revenues come from on-net and 40% come from off-net. In our Netcentric business, 90% of revenues come on-net and 10% off-net. In the wavelength products, it will be virtually a 100% on-net offering. So, really the only practical way to sell it and is part of the reason why Sprint has struggled in the market. We also have a network with initially, day one, a negative cost basis. There is about a $2 billion addressable market that's dominated by two major players, Lumen and Zayo. We will be as aggressive in that market as we have been in the transit market. We rose out of a pool of 200 transit providers 20 years ago to now carrying nearly 24% of the world's traffic, being number two and literally within a couple of percentage points of being number one. We have the same kind of ambitions for our wavelength business. So, we will be aggressive. We don't want to destroy the market. But we will capture share through the breadth of locations that we can offer and our pricing model. We will be profitable in doing this. Now to the kind of tax consequence of the payments from T Mobile. The more that is recognized as revenue, and you heard Ted say the majority we think will be, we will still pay taxes, but we pay them ratably as opposed to upfront. If a portion of that is ascribed to the assumption of uneconomic contracts, we have to recognize that gain upfront and pay upfront. So we're going to work with our tax advisers, with our auditor to come to the best answer we can for Cogent, but be compliant with the law. We look at the total fungibility of cash and we are committed to returning an ever-increasing amount of cash to shareholders. Whether that's through dividends, buybacks, or a combination is measured by the board each and every quarter. You saw that dynamic process play out this quarter where we decelerated the rate of growth. But that's not a lack of commitment and growth in dividend. It's just a reflection of what two years of COVID had done to our corporate business. But we think that business is going to improve. The underlying acquired Sprint business is going to improve and we will have $700 million in advance of our need to reduce the costs. So, when we put all of that together, we believe that, on a combined company basis, we will be in a position every quarter post-closing to return more cash to shareholders than we would have as a standalone Cogent. Now, whether that is dividends or buybacks is something that the board will determine each and every quarter.

Next question will come from Brett Feldman with Goldman Sachs.

Two follow-up questions, if you don't mind. So, you were just talking about how you're going to be aggressive in the wavelength market when the deal closes. And I think the point here is your acquiring assets have a low – I think it's a negative cost basis, meaning it's the assets you're acquiring that you intend to leverage in the market. I don't think it's your intent to start deploying new capital because you could be doing that now. So I want to clarify that because the question I really have is, what portion of the wavelength market do you think you can actually address with the assets you're acquiring? The second question – I'm certain I got the stats wrong, but I think you said you're going to see this asset transition from 30 products a day to 4 at close. And so, it's a two-part question. One is the accountability of winding down all those businesses. Like, are there mechanisms to make sure that when you get the asset, not only the revenue but the expenses are gone? It's actually a clean asset. And then the four revenue streams that you're going to be taking on, are they actually growing today? Or does something have to happen to turn those into growth businesses at the close?

Let's start with the wavelength business and dark fiber, which we haven't mentioned, because we haven't totally sized that market. Dark fiber would be 100% margin. And there's no incremental capital needed. It's just selling inventory. On wavelengths, it's a slightly more subtle answer, in that when we're spending the money upfront to tie the networks together, so we have a maximum number of endpoints that we could sell. That's a one-time expense. But we need to do that for the IP and for the VPN business anyhow, so it's not an incremental expense. We also know that, on a going-forward basis, the optical transport technology will continue to improve. The pluggable optics, the CR optics and the transponder cards will continue to improve. While we will be inheriting a large inventory of that equipment, we will be spending capital to continue to modernize that wavelength portfolio to remain at the cutting edge of technology. And that is embedded in our expectation of $30 million of incremental capital for the combined business. So, we think that we can eventually get to 25% to 30% of this market. Maybe better, but we prefer to set our sights realistically and then raise our targets. And we'll have to see how our competitors react. But so far, what appears to be happening is our competitors are going in different directions and focusing on different customer segments. Much as they have ceded share in transit to us, I think they will cede share in this product segment that will be very profitable for Cogent and may be less profitable for them. Now to the product part of your question, Brett. The answer is most of these products will end-of-life prior to closing. But there are customer relationships that extend beyond our expected close date. And some of these products, while end-of-life, will still be supported. So part of the $700 million payment from T Mobile is to help us cover those negative costs, while we honor those contracts. We will not dishonor any contract to any customer that we are acquiring. What we will do, however, is go to those customers and most likely try to find an alternate provider. So we will provide the connectivity, and they will provide the underlying service on top of that connectivity. Now to the revenue growth rates within the business. Basically, there are two major products that are being acquired – internet access and VPNs based on MPLS. Both of those products are about $220 million of revenue. So, $440 million of the $450 million come from those two products. They have been relatively stable inside of Sprint for a number of years, but both of those would decline without us improving the service. So what we will be doing is bringing the customers on-net, increasing the bandwidth per port by 10x, and converting the back end of that VPN technology from a MPLS to VPLS service. I actually reviewed a customer contract that was working for an extension yesterday. And the customer pointed out that they have an over-40-year, almost exclusive relationship with Sprint, and Sprint had previously migrated them from X25 to frame relay and then frame railway to MPLS. And they wanted a timeline for this – what they hope to be their last migration from MPLS to VPLS. So that will happen. We believe that that large, embedded base of revenue is basically flat. Maybe we can grow 1% to 2% a year. But we do not anticipate material growth or material revenue attrition. The attrition is coming through these end-of-life products and the growth is coming through the optical transport products.

Quick point of clarification, the 25% to 30% of the wavelength market you think you can address, is that the US wavelength market or is there an international component to that?

It's North American. So, it's US and Canada, which is basically where we can utilize the Sprint network. We currently have no plans to expand that in Europe, LatAm, Africa, or Asia-Pac. Obviously, if there were other acquisitions, we would look at that, but at this point, this is a North American product.

And that will conclude today's question-and-answer session. I'd like to turn the call back to Mr. Dave Schaeffer for closing remarks.

I'd like to thank everyone. I know our calls go long, but we try to answer all of the questions. I appreciate everyone's support and we will talk soon. Take care. Bye-bye.

And this will conclude today's conference. Thank you for your participation and you may now disconnect.