Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. My name is Daryl, and I am your conference facilitator today. I would like to welcome everyone to Cleveland-Cliff's Second Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. The company reminds you that certain comments made on today's call will include predictive statements that are intended to be made as forward-looking within the Safe-Harbor protections of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Although the company believes that its forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. Important factors that could cause results to differ materially are set forth in reports on Forms 10-K and 10-Q and news releases filed with the SEC, which are available on the Company's website. Today's conference call is also being broadcast on clevelandcliffs.com. At the conclusion of the call, it will be archived on the website and available for replay. The company will also discuss results excluding certain special items. Reconciliation for Regulation G purposes can be found in the earnings release, which was published yesterday. At this time, I would like to introduce Celso Goncalves, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

Hey, good morning, everyone. In Q2 we generated a strong cash flow of $362 million, driven by higher shipments, lower costs, and continued success in managing working capital and finished inventory levels. We allocated 65% of that free cash flow in Q2 toward reducing net debt by $237 million, bringing our net debt balance down to $3.4 billion. We used the remaining 35% of that free cash flow from the quarter or $125 million toward buybacks, reducing our share count by another 7.5 million shares. Our diluted share count is now at 474 million shares, down by nearly 20% from as high as 585 million shares three years ago. Notwithstanding the lower than expected realized pricing in Q2, we generated an adjusted EBITDA of $323 million, supported by the cost improvements we foreshadowed on last quarter's conference call. Importantly, our shipments were up sequentially back to the 4 million ton level, despite the weaker demand environment that we and other North American steel companies experienced throughout the quarter. The continued resilient demand for steel from our clients in the automotive sector, coupled with weak demand from service centers and other buyers of commercial grades resulted in a richer sales mix than expected. As a result, the impact of lower index pricing led to a $50 decline in average selling price quarter-over-quarter. Our operating and overhead costs continue to come down, and our guidance of $30 per ton in year-over-year cost reduction remains on track. You can already see this in our cash flow statement, as replacing higher-cost inventory with lower-cost inventory during the quarter drove the majority of the working capital benefit in Q2. This cost reduction is primarily a function of lower coal costs making their way through inventory and lower iron-ore costs from our mines. We expect another $30 per ton cost reduction from Q2 to Q3. This will help to partially offset the impact of low prices for spot sales captured by the indexes. The free cash flow we generated in Q2 was largely driven by a working capital benefit. We have systematically and consistently reduced our finished steel inventory over the past two years from 3.4 million tons at the start of 2022 down to 2.4 million tons currently. It was a great effort from our commercial and operations teams to achieve this, and there's even more opportunity to unlock more cash from inventory going forward. We were also able to reduce our CapEx budget for the year by $25 million, as certain projects have come in under budget. We will remain lean on CapEx even with our flagship Middletown project spend starting up next year. As a result of all these factors, we have proven that we can deliver great cash flow to our shareholders even in down cycle pricing environments. Our SG&A expense was down significantly in Q2, a nearly $50 million reduction from the same period one year ago. The weak steel pricing environment has forced us to sharpen our pencils on all fronts when it comes to costs. We are pleased with what we have accomplished so far, both at the operational and overhead level. These efforts will continue during the second half of the year. We're doing all the right things to achieve our target of improving our annual through the cycle EBITDA by over $600 million. In order to get there and regardless of the steel pricing environment, we keep ourselves committed to our five key priorities now and going forward. These priorities are as follows: Number one, reduce costs. We remain on track to meet our 2024 target with that momentum ultimately carrying us further to further reductions in 2025; Number two, maximizing cash flow from automotive. We have the largest and most profitable automotive steel franchise in the Western Hemisphere. The reliable and consistent margins we achieved in automotive from fixed prices allow us to continue to generate free cash flow in any spot market downcycle, particularly in a strong market for automotive; Number three, progress on value-enhancing projects, which once online will be game-changers for both our cost structure and environmental footprint. We continue to advance our major projects in partnership with the US Department of Energy at Middletown, Ohio, and Butler, PA, along with our state-of-the-art transformer plant in Weirton, West Virginia, announced yesterday. Number four, capital allocation. The structure of the Stelco deal will provide us several prepayable options to quickly deleverage, as we reprioritize cash accumulation and debt repayment. And number five, opportunistic M&A. At this time, Cliffs is laser-focused on closing the Stelco deal as soon as possible and getting to work on growing the value of the combined enterprise. As we have always done, we never let a weak market go to waste in identifying M&A targets and organic growth opportunities to improve our business. The North American flat-rolled steel market remains fragmented. Lourenco spoke last week about the industrial logic with the Stelco acquisition. From a financial standpoint, the transaction is meaningfully accretive to earnings, significantly improves our profit margins, and the financing strategy uses a combination of cash and stock that implies a pro forma leverage level that is lower than when we acquired AK Steel and ArcelorMittal USA. We'll be funding a portion of the acquisition with immediately prepayable debt instruments, which will give us the opportunity to delever right away with that enhanced free cash flow we pick up from Stelco.

Thank you, Celso, and good morning, everyone. This past quarter was a great illustration that no matter how the market is doing, we are always in pursuit of opportunities to better ourselves. On our call last week, I spoke in great detail about the merits and logic of our acquisition of Stelco, and I will not repeat myself today. The transcript and recording of last week's call are available on our website for those who may have missed it. Today, I will focus on the actions we have taken since our announcement last Monday. We have engaged in discussions with all key stakeholders, including local union leadership. To all the USW-represented steelworkers of Stelco, we can't wait to start working with you soon. We have also been constantly communicating with political leadership at the provincial and federal level to advance a quick resolution and closing. We are grateful for the warm welcome we have encountered from everyone in Canada. It's clear to us that all key stakeholders recognize the net benefit we will provide to the Province of Ontario and to Canada. Ontario is a great place to do business, and we are convinced that the acquisition of Stelco by Cleveland-Cliffs will further improve the natural connection and healthy partnership between Canada and the United States. Alan Kestenbaum and his team have made significant and relevant investments to set Stelco up for future success. The blast furnace reline just a couple of years ago and the coke plant upgrades, including a brand new 115-megawatt core generation power plant fueled by captured and reutilized blast furnace gas, have made Lake Erie Works a very efficient steel plant, operating at a benchmark level in CO2 emissions. By now, smart investors know that efficient blast furnaces are not going away. The technology is superior now, and we will gain an even greater advantage in flat-rolled steel production as more and more EAFs are built and fight over a shrinking pile of prime scrap. As the steel market improves, as it always does, Stelco will demonstrate its great potential. For reference, in 2021 Stelco generated over $1.5 billion in EBITDA with over 50% EBITDA margins. The market was not giving them the right credit back then, and it still isn't prior to our purchase. Stelco has a favorable cost structure. It throws off robust free cash flow even in pricing environments like the one we are in right now. End-user demand for flat-rolled products, by and large, is still pretty healthy. Yet certain service centers are drawing down inventory to below basement levels and not buying at low replacement costs; this is a big mistake. By the time our acquisition closes later this year, I expect the market will be much more rational and favorable to Cliffs, boosted by the addition of Stelco to our footprint. Back in August 2020, we could not move hot-rolled even at $444 per net ton. Then within four months, we were back above $1,000 per net ton. I'm not saying that this is an exact parallel, but it shows that as long as the demand is there, things tend to look ugliest right before a sharp snap back. It's clear to me that we just need one small catalyst, whether that be a rate cut, certainty around the presidential election, trade enforcement, or something unforeseen right now, and that will ignite the rebound. One issue pending resolution is Mexico. Mexico continues to be a major problem in the marketplace. Mexico has long taken advantage of good trade agreements with the United States, such as NAFTA and its successor USMCA. Mexico's bad behavior has become even more egregious in recent years. We commend the US government for their recent imposition of tariffs on steel transshipped through Mexico, which is particularly serious for flat-rolled steel. For too long, Mexico has enabled countries like China, Japan, South Korea, Brazil, and several others to get away with dumping steel into our domestic markets using Mexico as a transshipment ground with zero or no value-added. It's great to see action being taken, but we need a lot more. We fully expect that by the next reassessment of the trade agreement in 2026, regardless of whether it is Kamala Harris or Donald J. Trump as President of the United States, Mexico will be forced out of the USMCA by the United States and Canada. Cleveland-Cliffs continues to do well in the areas of specialized value-added steels, namely automotive-grade, stainless, and electrical steels. These three businesses are all performing nicely for us, especially since automotive sales and production levels remain at multi-year highs. The commodity index-linked side of the business is the final piece of the puzzle, and we're confident that the Stelco acquisition will help us there. I want to shine a particular light on our grain-oriented electrical steel business that supplies the electrical transformer market. Electrical steel is just 2% of our total shipment volume, but it was 15% of our total EBITDA in Q2. We are in the midst of an extreme shortage of transformers in this country. We have the ability to produce more GOES to meet these additional needs, but our current customer base is constrained in other areas of the supply chain and by lack of labor. For more than a year, we have been asking our GOES customers how we can help them improve their production levels. The one thing they always point to that is holding them back is labor. The production of transformers is an incredibly labor-intensive process. This is where we took two separate problems and created a solution. As you may recall, due to the incomprehensible action taken by the International Trade Commission, rejecting the imposition of tariffs recommended by the Department of Commerce on unfairly traded tin plate imports, we had to take our Weirton, West Virginia tin mill down earlier this year. While we were able to relocate over 100 of the impacted workers, we still had a sizable pool of more than 600 USW-represented highly-skilled manufacturing professionals eager to get back to work. With our Weirton plant only about 70 miles away from our Butler, Pennsylvania GOES production facility, we had a great solution. By building our own transformer plant, we accomplished the goals of increasing demand for our GOES, moving into supply transformers to a very undersupplied and high-margin market for transformers, and bringing approximately 600 employees back to work. We are incredibly grateful to the State of West Virginia for recognizing the opportunity right away and for putting their full support behind us. We will receive one-third of the total project cost of $150 million to repurpose the plant in the form of a $50 million grant from the state, with a net investment by Cliffs of $100 million. With the ongoing trend on electrification and the growing adoption of electricity-heavy artificial intelligence, I can't think of a better business move than the production of electrical transformers, particularly high-demand pad-mounted transformers that currently sell for $10,000 apiece for a single-phase unit and up to $300,000 for larger three-phase units. We expect the plant to come online in the first half of 2026. The building and the basic infrastructure are in place, and it is a matter of ordering and installing equipment. In the meantime, we will be bringing in the proper expertise to make this one the most efficient plant in the world, made in the USA by union workers, with a cost advantage of controlling the steel input. We thank Governor Jim Justice and his team for working with us on this important project. We will make West Virginia proud. Furthermore, during the quarter, we announced new carbon emissions targets. This came after achieving our previous 25% reduction target eight years ahead of schedule. I will repeat, eight years ahead of schedule. We are now committed to reduce Scope 1 and Scope 2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions by another 30% by 2035, from our 2023 baseline, with a long-term target aligned with the Paris Agreement's 1.5 degrees Celsius scenario. This reduction will be driven primarily by our projects at Middletown, Ohio and Butler, Pennsylvania, each developed in cooperation with and with financial support from the US Department of Energy. As we have discussed, these types of projects do not just provide significant environmental benefits but also enable substantial cost benefits, particularly the one at Middletown Works. Business environments like the one we have been through lead to earnings that do not reflect our full potential. That said, our investors can take comfort that current Cliffs is by no means a finished product. The seeds we have planted during the first half of 2024 are setting the stage for a much more efficient, diversified, and competitive company in the near future. Just in the last six months, we have announced two high-value accretive capital projects with federal government support. Advanced further downstream with the construction of a transformer plant, this one with the state legislature and state government support, and announced the acquisition of Stelco, the lowest-cost flat-rolled producer on the North American continent. The benefits of these initiatives compounded over time will be immense. The great work we have done on improving our balance sheet over the past two years has allowed us to put all of these initiatives in motion. As I approach my 10th Anniversary as CEO of Cliffs in a few weeks on August 7th, I am as energized as ever about our prospects as a company. For Cleveland-Cliffs, the best is yet to come. With that, I will turn it over to Daryl for Q&A.

Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. Our first questions come from Lucas Pipes with B. Riley Securities. Please go ahead with your questions.

Thank you very much, operator. Good morning, everyone, and good job on the quarter and outlook. Lourenco, I wanted to ask about the transformer opportunity and I wondered if you could maybe speak to the payback on the investment and the technical and human capital requirements to make this successful? Thank you very much.

Yes. Good morning, Lucas. This opportunity is unique for Cleveland-Cliffs for two main reasons. Firstly, we are the sole producer of Grain Oriented Electrical Steels in the United States, which gives us confidence regarding the material costs that are important to consider. Secondly, this business has extremely high EBITDA margins even when we don’t control the feedstock. Even if we treat the plant as a separate entity under the same conditions, we won't gain any advantage on feedstock; otherwise, we would have to pay too much. We anticipate a very high EBITDA contribution, with the plant capable of generating 30% to 40% EBITDA margins consistently. Therefore, the EBITDA contribution for the company will range between $75 million and $100 million annually, resulting in a payback of less than two years. Another important aspect is that our great clients may find it challenging to initiate this themselves due to our unique situation in Weirton, West Virginia, where we have about 600 employees ready to go. I am eager to announce this plant quickly because I want to ensure they remain in Weirton. These employees are committed to staying there. Weirton presents an exceptional location for transformer production, and we are in the process of choosing a technological partner, which will definitely be one of our clients. This morning, I received an unsolicited call from a friend who is the CEO of a major utility company, indicating great potential for success. I will add that this will not be our first plant, nor our last. As we enter this business, we expect to grow due to the significant pent-up demand for transformers, which will also increase employment in Pennsylvania and at our Butler Works facility since we have capacity but currently lack demand. By starting our own production, we will create that demand.

Lourenco, this is great to hear and super helpful. Thank you for that. Celso, you mentioned in your remarks continued cost reductions into 2025. I wondered if you could maybe elaborate on some of the items that could lead to continued cost reductions and maybe a little bit more near-term for Q3, Q4. Could you speak to your volume outlook and the quality mix and what this might mean for pricing realizations? Thank you very much.

Yes, sure. Hey, Lucas. As it relates to costs, looking forward to next quarter, we expect costs to be down another $30 a ton. As we work through some of this higher-cost inventory, the drivers for that are going to be continued impact from lower coal contracts, lower costs from iron-ore, lower scrap prices, and also the mix, which will be kind of more service center-driven going into next quarter. That's what's going to drive the cost benefits here from Q2 to Q3. Obviously, we're maintaining our cost guidance for the full year as well, so we see continued cost improvements throughout the year. As it relates to volumes, you know, we're happy that we're able to go back to the kind of the 4 million ton level from Q1 to Q2, and we expect that to continue into Q3. So we're very convinced that we are able to maintain at least that 4 million ton level.

Lucas, Lourenco here. Let me ask you something and that is also valid for other research analysts. I would like you guys to educate the investors about the fact that an acquisition like Stelco is not an acquisition that we will encumber the company with more debt to the point that we're going to be paying more and then be drawing more on our ABL or issuing debt to face the expense of the acquisition and not getting anything back. Please talk about the accretion of this deal. Stelco is extremely profitable, and it will be even more profitable under our control. We are going to let them run. It will be a separate entity, and they will run their own thing. We're going to have controls over commercial and finance, and that's pretty much it. All the rest will be great. Synergies will benefit us down here at this side of the lakes. We are going to deploy good orders that are now transitioning to Canada. We're going to supply from there because Canada to Canada is simpler than the United States to Canada. But by and large, it's extremely accretive. Investors tend to focus on one side of the thing and not on the big picture. This is a great acquisition that will be a game-changer as much as AK Steel was a big game-changer, transforming Cliffs, a mining company into Cliffs, the steel company. After AK Steel, the ArcelorMittal USA acquisition that transformed us into a big player in the United States. So the big picture is good. Cliffs was a $2 billion in revenues company not too long ago. Now, we're in the $20 billion to $22 billion range of revenues. That's a lot of growth and it's a lot of potential to be explored on behalf of the shareholders. So research analysts, please educate the investors on that because it's very easy to only see the bad part, but that's how we miss the big picture, you miss the positives. That's what was missing when Cliffs acquired AK and then acquired ArcelorMittal USA, and nobody saw what we're doing only after the effect. After the effect, it is easy; the difficult part is now.

Lourenco, I think you and your team have done a great job on the M&A front and growing both organically and inorganically. So well noted.

Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Lawson Winder with Bank of America Securities. Please proceed with your questions.

Hey, thank you very much, operator. Hello, Lourenco and team. Good morning and thank you for the update. After your comments today, I wanted to ask, if I might, about your goals to improve cash flow from automotive. Could you perhaps give us some additional color on what are some of the measures that you intend to take to improve that cash flow in the auto business?

Good morning, Lawson. Automotive, by and large, is a market that we like. It's a market that we thrive in. We do a lot more for the clients than they generally recognize. With all this being said, it's a great business. It provides stability in times of extreme stress, like the ones we are in right now, and helps us be more predictable compared to other companies who are not at this point. I'll give you an example. I made a small investment just to increase a little bit our non-oriented electrical steels to supply automotive as they were moving towards electric vehicles. It was small but enough to increase the tonnage that we supply, which I believe was just enough. However, they kept saying that they would go all-in with electric vehicles. Now they're all getting egg on their face. All of them are having to walk back their promises on selling electric vehicles, only electric vehicles, and no more combustion engine vehicles. By the time we made our announcement and by the time that now the about-face is coming from all the big guys, we saw one company put in 200,000 tons of non-oriented electrical steel capacity and another one announcing 150,000 tons of non-oriented electrical steel capacity. Good luck to you both. In our case, my investment in those will help me pivot back to GOES and produce more transformers. You can have it; I don't care. I'm not going to fight price over those. That would be stupid for the much smaller level of electric vehicles that are coming our way. So we are proactive. We tend to believe in our own reading of the business, and we will never chase the last shiny thing that everybody follows. That's why we are resilient and will continue to progress. I'll let Celso say a little bit more from the financial side on how we treat automotive.

Yes, Lourenco. The idea is to maximize cash flow from the automotive business. We are the largest automotive steel franchise in the continent, and that will continue. But we don't have to be everything to everyone. So we're being a lot more selective in terms of the auto customers that we serve. The ones that only care about price, we're being a lot more careful in the business we do with them. We can produce and supply the most sophisticated grades, but we need to make a return on that investment. Customers that aren't willing to pay the price that we command can find supply elsewhere, because we're going to continue to have this automotive franchise, but it has to be a cash-flowing part of our company.

And Lawson, we have already started that. If you noticed, automotive this quarter was only 30% of the business. It's probably one of our lowest, if not the lowest in the last several quarters. So we are being selective.

Yes, that was very well noted. Thank you for those comments. And can we also perhaps get your thoughts on realized pricing heading into Q3? Based on your estimated mix lagged index contracts and the current spot price, what should we be thinking about for a realized pricing range for the third quarter?

Yes. We feel like we're in a place right now, Lawson, that we're at the bottom of a cycle, and things could change very quickly this quarter. So it doesn't make sense for us to guide to specific ASP at this point. You can look at all the factors that you can consider in terms of the monthly lags and the quarterly lags, and you can get an idea. We feel like we're overdue for a sharp bounce-back, so that's why we're not guiding to ASPs at this point.

Okay, that's fair. Thank you both very much.

Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Carlos De Alba with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed with your questions.

Yes, thank you. Good morning, Celso and Lourenco. Just a question maybe for Celso. Could you provide a little bit more details on the breakdown of the idle expenses adjustment that was added back to EBITDA? We have gotten some questions about that line. And also, if this is the last adjustment or should we expect something to come through in the third quarter?

Yes, sure. So hey, Carlos. Year-to-date, it's about $217 million, $40 million of that was in Q2. These charges related to the idle are employee-related costs, sub-pay, healthcare, severance, asset retirement obligations, things like that, PP&E impairment, inventory repairment, and similar items. We pulled forward a majority of the Q3 and Q4 charges into Q2, so the remaining charges are pretty minimal. Q3 is only about $1 million and Q4 is about the same.

All right. That's clear. Thank you very much. And then another question is just on the opportunistic M&A. With the acquisition or planned acquisition of Stelco, where does that leave your appetite for further expanding your flat-rolled presence in the US, given that now with the integration of Stelco taking place in the coming quarters, that would give you greater market share and potentially a little more of an issue if you try to acquire something else in North America?

Yes. Just for the record, I don't believe that the acquisition of Stelco gives me any more problem in acquiring anything else because Stelco is basically a player in the hot-rolled market with a little bit of galvanized in the spot market as well, supplying a number of customers that are not our customers currently. So it's not like we are buying into a space that we will occupy. So we are expanding into our markets and into products because hot-rolled for specified applications of galvanized for automotive is completely different from hot-rolled in the generic market and galvanized for commercial applications. We are ready to explain this to the DOJ here in the United States. We know how to do that. We did that with AK, which was easy because it was a mining company acquiring a steel company. We also did that when we acquired ArcelorMittal USA, which was much more complicated. But in this case, we don't have overlap. So people talk a lot about these things, but they don’t really understand how the process works with the DOJ. For example, you made a very conditional acquisition. This acquisition will go through. I'm not hiring lobbyists. I'm talking to the top guys in Canada. They are on board, excited. We're going to close this fast. We don't stay with things open forever. We don’t leave out of an artificial stock price that was only motivated by my offer. I made an offer and now they trade at the price I made the offer. They don't trade about the other offer, the offer that was offered to Japan. Good luck hiring Mike Pompeo. Mike Pompeo is damaged goods. Mike Pompeo is not the Vice President for Donald Trump; it's JD Vance. So let's pay attention to the big picture, guys. My idea with Stelco is to close fast. I appreciate the support from Premier Doug Ford of the Province of Ontario, and we're going to have as a result of this acquisition, a much stronger and more resilient partnership between the two real partners: the United States and Canada. I have already started talking to Canada about Mexico. July 1st, 2026 is coming, and it will be a bad day for Mexico. We're going to take Mexico out of the USMCA, and this acquisition plays on that.

All right.

I hope you got the big picture.

Yes, no, definitely. And just so at this point, you are completely out of the US steel potential acquisition?

Look, the President of the United States said loud and clear that the United States will be American-owned and American-operated. This does include anybody from Japan, particularly when the Head Executive said that he likes to wait for the election because after the election, the USW will have no leverage. Think about that. You're from Japan, you come to the United States after insulting the President of the United States or insulting the President of the USW. After the election, the USW has no leverage. There's a part of me that actually wants that deal to close, because it will be fun to watch the relationship between Nippon Steel and the USW. Unfortunately, I can let it go, and for my price that's now in the 20s, we can have a deal. Are you negotiating with me? I'll give you my price.

Thank you very much. Good luck, guys.

Thank you. Our next questions come from the line of Phil Gibbs with KeyBanc Capital Markets. Please proceed with your questions.

Hey, good morning.

Hey, Phil.

Good morning, Phil.

Lourenco, I'm just curious about what needs to be done to get the plant at Weirton ready for commissioning for the transformers? How long does it take to get the equipment? And then on the CapEx side, I would assume you guys will put that in the '25 budget given you took down the range this year?

Yes. Look, we are not going to have any capital deployment this year, other than the money that will come from the State of West Virginia. We don't plan to spend any other $50 million this year that we got from West Virginia. Lots of things that need to be done when we built a plant are already done over there. We are using a warehouse that's a big, strong building that needs no repair. It's just a matter of adapting the empty building to house equipment, and that's what we are going to do. The building has a floor, walls, roof, and all the utilities we need are there. It's a matter of placing orders to get the equipment, install the equipment, and keep going. I'm aiming for a start-up in the first half of 2026, but I haven't spoken with the equipment suppliers yet, which I will be doing now that we are done with the announcement of the Stelco acquisition, the announcement of West Virginia, and the quarter results. I will focus on bringing these orders to the forefront and expediting them, and I'll make sure that they understand that I will be a long-term customer of this equipment because this will be the first plant, not the last. I believe there is a shot we can start this plant before the end of 2025, which will be a home run regarding capital deployment. By the way, I'm going to also talk to the Department of Energy. We didn't have time to negotiate some type of grant from the DOE, but I'm sure that my dear friend, Secretary Jennifer Granholm, will be more than happy to sit down with me and see if the federal government can help. So we're in good shape.

Thank you. I just have a follow-up. Operating expenses were down very strongly versus the first quarter and very strongly versus the second quarter last year. So just curious where these savings came from, given your strong production? Should we expect operating expenses to return to some of the levels we've seen in the prior quarters once pricing and profit recover? Thank you.

I think we covered this a little bit, but we're sharpening our pencils on pretty much everything, Phil, both operating and overhead. You saw the progress we made on operating costs driven from lower coal or iron-ore and lower scrap prices. We have also been managing SG&A very carefully here, given the pricing environment that we're facing. We expect that this momentum continues into the second half of the year on all fronts.

Thank you.

Thank you. We have reached the end of our question-and-answer session. I would now like to turn the floor back over to Lourenco Goncalves for closing remarks.

Thank you, everybody for being with us on this call. It's a very exciting time. I feel like we are back in the COVID year when everybody believes that after a horrible quarter in terms of pricing, everything would be a lot worse in the next quarter. My gut tells me that things are about to turn. Once again, these buyers that will be chit-chatting in a conference very soon about how good low prices are and how smart they are because they keep pushing prices down, will set themselves up for a big surprise. Prices will start to go up as soon as we see a minimal spark that will allow this to happen. We will do this on behalf of our employees, our shareholders, and ourselves and our country because we can't allow this business to continue to be treated like this here in the United States. We deploy a lot of capital, we need a return on capital, and we need investors to flock to our sector because that's the sector that supports everything that they talk about on TV every day, particularly AI. There is no AI without people like us and without the workers in Butler, Zanesville, Ohio, Butler, Pennsylvania, and Weirton, West Virginia. We are the ones making these talkative people on TV able to speak about stuff that they don't have a clue about. AI is basically computing power, and computing power is basically electricity through the wires. We can't move electricity through the wires without electrical transformers. That's our next focus, a high EBITDA margin business. We are the sole supplier of GOES. All these investments that were announced were in NOES, and NOES is not GOES. We produce both, but we are the only ones. GOES is ours. GOES is Cleveland-Cliffs. Thank you so much, and have a great week. Bye now.

Thank you. This does conclude today's teleconference. We appreciate your participation. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Enjoy the rest of your day.