Good day. And welcome to CNH Conference Call. Today’s call is being recorded. At this time, I will now turn the call over to Jason Omerza. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, Alan. Good morning and good afternoon to everyone. We would like to welcome you to the webcast and conference call for CNH Industrial’s Third Quarter Results for the period ending September 30, 2022. This call is copyrighted by CNH Industrial and any other use, recording or transmission of any portion of this broadcast without the expressed written consent of CNH Industrial is strictly prohibited. Hosting today’s call are CNH Industrial’s CEO, Scott Wine; and CFO, Oddone Incisa. They will use the material available for download from the CNH Industrial website. Please note that any forward-looking statements that we might be making during today’s call are subject to the risks and uncertainties mentioned in the Safe Harbor statement included in the presentation material. Additional information pertaining the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially is contained in the company’s most recent report 20-F and EU annual report, as well as other periodic reports and filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the equivalent authorities in the Netherlands and Italy. The company presentation includes certain non-GAAP financial measures. Additional information including reconciliations to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures is included in the presentation material. I will now turn the call over to Scott.

Thank you, Jason, and thanks everyone for joining the call. It’s actually better now that I have my mic turned on. It’s not lost on me that we are hosting this call on Election Day in the United States following similar activities and some appointments in other countries that impact our business. This is relevant to the outstanding results we will discuss this morning and that the CNH team is proving its capabilities to successfully navigate a myriad of complex challenges. We are not immune from the external impact of geopolitical risks, inflation, supply chain constraints and economic downturns, but the strength of both the global AG markets and our team, technology, products, and brands, are nice assets to have right now. We finished the quarter with record consolidated revenues for any third quarter in the history of our AG and construction business, at $5.9 billion, up 29% at constant currency. While we are finally seeing some modest improvement in our supply chain, it is our team’s depth and execution that enables these results in the face of unrelenting inflation and volatile currencies. We are confident in our ability to continue to minimize these disruptions, maintain our momentum and deliver for our customers. Trends still indicate a strong AG cycle with sustained demand for most products while we are closely watching for any recession-related shifts in purchasing behavior. I will again stress that historically, our business performance is driven more by the AG cycle than by GDP growth or like thereof. In any case, we will be prepared to traverse whatever the macroenvironment throws at us. Both agriculture and construction generated positive volume and mix and pricing of 16% more than offset the steep increase in production cost. Additionally, gross margins benefited from the operational improvements. It was very encouraging to see our teams using Kaizen to streamline sales and operations planning process and reduce expedited freight cost. These drivers and other actions contributed to the AG segment’s record 25% gross margin in the quarter. We generated positive free cash flow, which is notable considering the seasonality has historically led to cash consumption in the third quarter. We saw a modest improvement in the supply chain compared to what we experienced in the first two quarters of the year. However, uncertainties about cost structure again forced us to restrict order windows, both to enhance our ability to deliver on time to our dealers and customers and to sustain a balanced price/cost equation. We introduced a new Trident spreader, enabled with Raven Autonomy in August, which I will provide more color on in a minute. With the addition of Raven to our tech stack, we are making tremendous progress marrying our great iron with great technology. Thanks to the strength of our year-to-date performance and what we see for the remainder of the fourth quarter, we are improving our guidance for the full year and renewing our commitment to maintaining expenses at industry-leading levels while investing heavily in our future. Derek Nielsen’s agriculture team delivered another impressive quarter, with net sales up 32% year-over-year at constant currency and year-over-year EBIT margins increasing 320 basis points. This was mainly driven by improving volume and strong price realization which more than offset raw material and production cost headwinds. Overall, AG demand remains robust, especially in Latin America and North America regions. Order books for tractors and combines are down versus last year, but that is primarily due to continued allocation of dealer orders and limited order windows. Our strategic focus on technology leadership and customer inspired innovation was showcased in several of our third quarter agricultural product launches. Demonstrating our integration with Raven at Farm Progress we launched the Case IH Trident 5550 applicator with Raven Autonomy. The industry’s first driverless spreader. This best-in-class combination applicator makes Level 4 supervised autonomy more accessible, bridging the gap between traditional iron and multipurpose driverless power platforms. Parag Garg is doing an excellent job of ensuring that CNH and Raven teams are fully linked in development of cutting edge solutions to farmer problems. This synergy enabled Raven to take the technology and experience from their omni power driverless platform and apply it to our traditional equipment lineup. With all elements of our tech stack working in concert, it’s fundamentally simpler for our team to develop and support autonomous solutions. New Holland redesigned its lineup of Guardian front boom sprayers to feature new technological and precision capabilities. These sprayers integrate Raven’s advanced precision technologies like guidance in steering, nozzle control and complete operational connectivity with New Holland’s trademarked high horsepower and large tanks. Our suite of technology accumulates the data and processes it through Raven’s connected workflow system to increase efficiency through better equipment utilization and more acres spread per day. On the specialty product side, Case IH launched Austoft Series 9900 line of sugarcane harvesters, with new automated hydraulics connectivity, high performance and best-in-class efficiency. Having recently been down to visit with farmers and our team in Brazil, I can say first-hand that our harvesting portfolio is second to none. What you see here is the acceleration of our best-in-class Precision Agriculture capabilities, both in terms of developing a new era of products and improving our ability to expand margins and capture market share. Stefano Pampalone and our construction team continued to perform at elevated level. With sharp focus on customer inspired innovation, operational excellence and dealer engagement, the team is effectively building a platform for profitable growth. In the quarter, net sales increased 20% on a constant currency basis over 2021, with pricing offsetting higher production cost. Adjusted EBIT in the quarter was $24 million, with a 2.7% EBIT margin, benefiting from strong sales in North America and considerable contributions from Sampierana acquisition, which is still constrained by supply chain disruptions. Construction order books are opened through the second quarter of 2023 in most markets with robust order coverage, especially in North and South America. In the third quarter, we started selling Sampierana mini excavators in Europe under the Case and New Holland brands, and we opened a new assembly line to increase capacity for those products. With this greater throughput, we will begin exporting those products to other regions next year. During last quarter’s call, we launched the Case Minotaur, compact dozer loader and that revolutionary new product has been enthusiastically received by our dealers. I will now turn the call over to Oddone to take us through some of the financial results.

Thank you, Scott, and good morning, and good afternoon to everyone in the call. Third quarter net sales of Industrial activities of $5.4 billion were up more than $1 billion or 24% year-over-year despite foreign currency headwinds of around 5%. Effective price realization was the main driver for our topline growth, but volume and mix also accounted for around 13% increase. For our Industrial segments, gross profit was $1.2 billion with a margin of 23%. This $356 million year-over-year increase was a 260 basis points improvement, largely achieved through favorable pricing which offset a continued escalation in production cost. Adjusted EBIT came in at $670 million, up $250 million from the third quarter of 2021, with a corresponding EBIT margin of 12.4%, up 270 basis points versus the third quarter of last year. Free cash flow from Industrial activities was $202 million and Industrial activities net debt ended at $1.3 billion, an increase of $146 million compared to December 31, 2021 and this increase in net debt over the nine months was largely related to seasonal working capital, payment of dividends and share repurchases, partially offset by segment profits. Adjusted net income for the quarter was $557 million, with adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.41, up $0.07 year-over-year on the back of better operating performance. Available liquidity as of September 30, 2022 was $8.6 billion. On slide eight, we have the Industrial activities adjusted EBIT progression from Q3 2021 to Q3 2022. In both agriculture and construction, strong price realization continued to shield us from the steep increase in production cost, while our manufacturing and sales teams managed to improve volumes at the same time. SG&A and R&D expenses were higher tied to Precision AG portfolio investments and costs connected to newly acquired businesses. SG&A as a percentage of sales came in below our 7.5% target as we continued to manage cost wisely in front of increased activity levels. Agriculture’s adjusted EBIT was $666 million with a margin of 14.8%. This $251 million increase, a 60% improvement year-over-year was driven by both favorable pricing and higher volumes, partially offset by higher production cost and SG&A, and of course, R&D expenses. Gross profit was up $340 million from the same quarter last year, reaching $1.1 billion for the three months to September. The adjusted gross margin of 25% was a quarterly record for agriculture. Construction equipment’s adjusted EBIT was up $3 million to $24 million with a margin of 2.7%, consistent with last year. Like in agriculture, results in construction equipment were driven by favorable volume and positive price realization, but were offset by the higher production cost and constrained unit production at some plants in North America and South America. For our Financial Services business, net income was $86 million, down $10 million compared to the third quarter last year, mainly because of lower margins in North America, increased overheads, and normalized risk cost. These headwinds were partially offset by robust volumes across all regions, as well as higher recoveries on used equipment sales. Retail originations were $2.5 billion in the quarter and $7.1 billion year-to-date and the managed portfolio including the JVs at the end of the period was $21.2 billion, up $2.4 billion compared to September 30, 2021 on a constant currency basis. Delinquencies were down roughly 6 basis points year-over-year to 1.3% of the portfolio and remain at historically low level. Free cash flow from Industrial activities was $202 million on the back of strong EBIT performance. Finished goods inventories buildup is typical in the third quarter, but was partially offset by an initial reduction of manufacturing inventories from the heightened levels at the end of the previous quarter. We still have a substantial amount of semi-finished products amid the supply chain constraints, but again manufacturing inventories are down on a sequential quarter basis. Total gross debt was $20.9 billion at September 30th and Industrial activities net debt position was $1.3 billion. To conclude my remarks, I will review our capital allocation priorities where we continue to invest in our business and our CapEx and R&D expenditures keep increasing year-over-year as forecast. The largest increase in R&D is on digital technologies and we expect this to continue. As part of the Board approved $300 million share repurchase program, the company bought back shares for $76 million in the third quarter and continued doing so in the month of October. Now, I will turn it back to Scott.

Thank you, Oddone. The demand environment remains healthy and we are working diligently to fulfill customer commitments. While soft commodity prices declined in the third quarter, they remain above pre-pandemic and year end 2021 levels. As commodity prices drop and input costs increase, farm productivity and yield become ever more important, creating a compelling case for our array of precision technology that improves farmer efficiency and profitability. In North America, we sustained demand for high horsepower tractors while industry-wide OEM supply in dealer inventories remain low and we expect that to continue. Demand in South America continues to be impressively strong. In construction, demand trends are mixed as we expect the residential and commercial market to decline while the housing market adjusts to rising interest rates. However, public construction should fill in many of those gaps as spending from the U.S. Infrastructure Bill ramps-up. For our full year guidance, we are raising our Industrial net sales range as demand remains strong and price realization is favorable despite lower U.S. dollar conversion of international sales. We are improving our SG&A guidance to under 7.5% of sales and are confirming our combined R&D and CapEx guidance for the year. Our free cash flow guidance is unchanged as we are confident in our ability to improve deliveries to customers and reduce inventories that have escalated due to supply chain constraints. We are absolutely not reinstating long-term EPS guidance, but with only two months left, we can now say that we expect full year adjusted EPS for 2022 to be between $1.43 and $1.45. Despite pessimistic economic outlooks in many of the countries and regions where we do business, we anticipate solid demand next year. Inflation will continue to be a factor in 2023, but we should benefit from high soft grain prices and the outlook for farmer and dealer profitability remains healthy. We expect to again contend with supply chain disruptions, but see them progressively improving and we think channel inventories will stay tight for most of the year. As mentioned, we have recently opened our order books into Q3 of 2023 in several regions, so are gaining visibility into next year’s strong demand. We will continue to invest in our future, both by expanding and augmenting our Precision AG portfolio and boldly creating the next generation of agriculture and construction products. We will maintain a watchful eye for signs of recession and we will be prepared to adjust our operations as needed. We recently held our first supplier conventions to externally launch our strategic sourcing program. We met with nearly 800 existing and potential suppliers from 37 countries, outlining our new approach to build a stronger and more resilient supply chain that will help us and our suppliers deliver the best total value for the world’s farmers and builders. As most everyone is aware, in May, the United Auto Workers Union initiated a strike at our Racine and Burlington facilities. Our goal has always been to get our employees back to work with a contract that is fair and sustainable and we have been working diligently, but so far unsuccessfully, to make that happen. We continue to seek resolution while executing our contingency plans to remain operational and work toward meeting customer commitments. All costs associated with strike and future wage hikes are factored into our guidance. We announced today that we are voluntarily transitioning to U.S. periodic reporting disclosures, which means that we will start filing 10-Ks and 10-Qs with the Securities and Exchange Commission. After completing the spin-off of the On-Highway business into the Iveco Group earlier this year, the company is refocused as an agricultural and construction equipment leader with a highly significant U.S. presence. Reporting according to the standards for U.S. public companies is more consistent with the company’s profile and investor base. This change is another step on the journey to be a more straightforward corporate structure and enhance shareholder value. On December 7th, we will be hosting a Tech Day in Arizona to showcase our impressive array of technology offerings and display what the future holds. We have made great strides since our Capital Markets Day in February and look forward to demonstrating our progress. That concludes our prepared remarks and we will now open the line for questions. Alan, please go ahead.

We will take our first question from Steven Fisher from UBS. Your line is open. Please go ahead.

Great. Thanks. Good morning. So you mentioned the AG order book is down year-over-year. It sounds like you are restricting orders because the cost scenario is unclear. Can you just talk about kind of what part of the cost scenario remains the most unclear, is it labor? I would think your material costs are somewhat more estimable at this point or is it freight and to what extent do you think this pause in order and backlog is temporary?

Yeah. Steven, there were actually two parts to what I tried to communicate. One is, of course, what you just attributed to us: we were trying to maintain a price/cost balance. But the other important part is we are still allocating many of our orders, and if I am having conversations with dealers, it’s more about allocation and that’s what’s really happening to our ability to increase the backlog. So it’s both: the order book and us continuing to allocate orders. What we are seeing in the supply chain is certainly, as I said, some improvement sequentially and we expect that to continue. But as we do see quite frequently, energy prices in Europe are a big issue for us. We have to understand not just how it affects us, because we can certainly manage it, but really how it impacts our suppliers. Obviously, currency risk is something we have proven our ability to manage, but we just want to make sure we have a full understanding of these elements as they are coming in and make sure that we are protected and our customers are protected.

Okay. That’s helpful. And then maybe just thinking about the fourth quarter here, if I am working the math correctly, it looks like going into the fourth quarter maybe your AG margins might be implied to be down a few hundred basis points. Do I have that correct and can you just give us some of the puts and takes that bridge from your strong quarter in margins this quarter to what’s implied in the fourth quarter?

Steve, we don’t expect to have AG margins down compared to last year for sure in the fourth quarter.

But sequentially?

They may be marginally, sequentially down depending on the mix of products that we will have. But I wouldn’t speculate too much on how the margin will evolve in the fourth quarter. I think it is very important to remark on the constantly increasing margins that we have had and that is part of our plan and what we presented back in February for getting to higher margin levels by 2024, and we are delivering on that.

Okay. Thank you.

We will take our next question from Nicole Deblase from Deutsche Bank. Your line is open. Please go ahead.

Yeah. Thanks. Good morning.

Good morning.

Can we just talk a little bit more about Europe, obviously, a lot of concern about potential for demand deterioration in the region? Could you talk a little bit more, Scott, about what you guys saw in the quarter, both within AG and construction and any signs of slowdown whatsoever?

Yeah. We said it last quarter and I will say it again: where we see weakness is in the lower horsepower tractors. That’s been a segment that was extremely strong through the latter parts of the pandemic and we kind of expect that to show up. That’s where we are mostly seeing it. I just got a note this morning from one of my team and I was in San Francisco on the weekend speaking to the dealers in South America and the dealer sentiment and their desire for more products heading into 2023 is extremely high. So I think for higher horsepower tractors and the cash crop business, we still see very strong demand and no signs of slowing down. Obviously, there are pockets in Europe where they are a little bit weaker; that’s more of a hand-foraged space and we are managing that very closely. But overall, on an aggregate basis demand remains quite strong.

Got it. Thanks. And then just follow-up on pricing, still really strong for you guys, I guess, what is the expectation for carryover pricing into 2023? And I suspect that price/cost should be a positive from a margin perspective again next year, is that correct?

Again, we have been delivering on price/cost over the last few quarters. We expect to at least pair cost increase with pricing in the fourth quarter and we will maintain pricing diligence into 2023.

Thanks. I will pass it on.

We will take our next question from Martino De Ambroggi from Equita. Your line is open. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning. Good evening, everybody. The first is on prices, again, sorry. Plus 17% in AG in Q3; if it’s not the historical peak we are very close to. So just to understand that you have visibility up to second quarter, you are already collecting orders, so I suppose, but tell me if I am wrong that price will be able to offset raw material inflation cost and so on, at least for another couple of quarters if not three in a row. First question. The second, I know you do not provide any guidance for next year. But based on your comments, I feel that you are confident to maintain, if not improve your margins next year. I know there are too many moving parts, but am I right in assuming such a message or is it too bullish?

It is definitely bullish, Martino. But we have built-in pricing and we have had price increases. So we expect to be able to maintain pricing levels into next year. And we will see how the market evolves. We are competing in a market; there is constant price negotiation. So we are committed to improving our gross margin and improving our margins overall. We are also working on getting better in our production systems. Scott mentioned in the prepared remarks our business systems, our Kaizens, to get leaner in production and get past most of the issues that we have had in our production facilities due to supply chain disruptions and that’s another source of improvement for next year.

Okay. And another question is on net working capital, just to have a flavor of what could be the cash generation in the last quarter of the year. Because if in excess of $1 billion, I don’t know if you are willing to narrow the range or what else?

So we are guiding to or committing to be in excess of $1 billion for the year and we are still negative over the three quarters, so we need to do more than $1 billion in the fourth quarter. We think most of it will come from working capital improvement and most of it will come from inventory depletion. And that’s mainly manufacturing inventories where we have still stuff in our production systems that needs to be completed and needs to be sold in the fourth quarter.

And compared to the last call, do you see relevant improvement in supply chain or is it still struggling as it was in the previous quarter?

It’s absolutely improving. We said in the prepared remarks the third quarter was better than the first quarter and second quarter, and we expect that trend of improvement to continue going into 2023.

Okay. Thank you.

We will take our next question from Tami Zakaria from JPMorgan. Your line is open. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning. Thank you so much for taking my questions. So my first question is going back to your order trends. I know you mentioned your intention of limiting orders and AG is down 10% year-over-year. But can you give some color on small versus large AG, are you limiting orders for both, and let’s say, if you didn’t limit orders, what would have been actual orders up like?

Well, we did talk about demand slowing for the low-horsepower tractors. So, obviously, we are not limiting orders there, because dealers are improving their inventories, so they don’t need orders even if we opened up the order books. But in high horsepower tractors, I cannot speculate what they would be. All I can give you is the sentiment that I get when I talk to our dealers and to our own team about the desire to increase output. Certainly, as I mentioned in the prepared remarks, in both North America and Latin America, demand for high horsepower tractors is incredibly strong and inventories are tight and we think that situation is going to persist through most of 2023.

Understood. That’s very helpful, Scott. And then if I can ask another quick one. It seems like price/cost was positive for the AG segment in the third quarter but construction seems like probably wasn’t price/cost positive yet. So any visibility into when you think that segment will become price/cost positive?

No. Construction was price/cost positive in the quarter. They are just experiencing more of an impact. With only four plants operating, they are having a bit more of an impact of some of the labor issues that we have experienced, and that caused them some pressure in the quarter.

Got it. Okay. Perfect. Thank you so much and congrats on an excellent quarter.

Thank you.

We will take our next question from Kristen Owen from Oppenheimer. Your line is open. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning. Thank you for taking the question. I wanted to come back to some of your comments around the new Raven introductions. Not to get too far ahead of the Tech Day. But can you elaborate on what some of those new offerings were and then to the extent that you are willing to comment, how the international expansion of that business is tracking?

We talked about the spreader that we introduced at Farm Progress. We are incredibly pleased to have Raven as part of the family, and we have been working with them a long time. They have been enhancing our ability to make our sprayer technologies and capabilities significantly better for some time. Now that they are an integrated part, we are able to take that extensive product technology reach and spread it across the platform. One of the things we talked about is autonomy and the work they have done with autonomy has really elevated our game. It’s not plug-and-play, but we have a very efficient way to bridge that across into our product categories and we are excited to talk about that and many other things with Raven over time. The expansion into Europe is going reasonably well, but supply chain challenges are impacting Raven a little bit more than the rest of our business. We are helping them but certainly they would have greater sales in Europe if we weren’t supply chain constrained given the access they now have through our distribution.

That’s really helpful. And then I noticed some of the moderated outlook for industry volume for the full year particularly, in North America and Europe tractor. You have talked a lot about some of the order book trends, but I am wondering how much you are seeing that moderation push volume into 2023 versus how much of that is really just a function of that truncated order book?

We are talking about industry volume, so that’s an overall industry issue. Scott talked extensively about the low horsepower tractor in North America, but large horsepower tractor, we expect to have very strong demand. Europe is affected by some reduction in demand as you can imagine, but combine demand remains very strong for the year. So with the exception of the low horsepower tractor in North America, we still see strong demand overall in the most important markets for us.

Great. Thank you.

We will take our next question from Michael Feniger from Bank of America. Your line is open. Please go ahead.

Yeah. Thank you, guys, for taking my question. In the slide deck, you list priorities including the transition of filing a Form 10-K and 10-Q that wasn’t in the slide deck in Q2. Just how we should be thinking about that as you guys are evolving? And just what should we think about with the pros and cons around the dual listing with Milan? You are clearly operating well. You are lagging your peers. You are trading at a big discount. I am just curious how management is kind of viewing that dual listing and if there is a Board meeting or review that needs to occur, just curious if you can flesh out that dynamic?

Let me take the reporting question first. We are starting this quarter reporting under the U.S. format. This is a request we got from many investors and analysts to be more comparable with some of our North American peers. After the spin-off of Iveco, we need to be more comparable with our AG peers and the construction peers that are listed in North America. So that’s an effort to get into that direction of the format, the timing and even the disclosures that our peers have.

We have been evaluating the dual listing and discussing it with the Board. We had a Board meeting last week and a review of the topic. This transition to SEC filing is part of that step in the right direction and we are evaluating if it’s the right way to do it and what’s the most efficient way for us to proceed. As we learn more and make a decision on the matter, we will be forthcoming.

I appreciate that, Scott. And you guys are going to generate $1 billion in free cash flow. You would be close to net debt free in 12 months or so. How do you balance with where the stock trades relative to your peers right now, that discount with your other capital allocation priorities? How should we kind of think of how you view that relative to the other priorities that you are looking at with your cash flow? Thank you.

Oddone walked through capital allocation priorities and we have been pretty consistent. The first dollar we spend is to drive future profitable growth for the company. We are investing a lot in CapEx and R&D. We will continue to do that, and ultimately, driving margin expansion and market share through those investments is the top priority. We are not going to go on a big acquisition spree, but when we are trading below our intrinsic value, we think buying our own stock is a good investment. We have leaned into that. We like to be a good dividend player and maintain our debt ratings. So we try to balance all of those, and you can bet we will continue to be diligent in how we do that. Our business model allows us to generate a lot of cash flow. It gives us choices on how we allocate it.

Thank you.

We will take our next question from David Raso from Evercore ISI. Your line is open. Please go ahead.

Hi. Thank you for your time. Can you just clarify: I think you said EPS for the year of $1.44 midpoint. For the year-to-date, are you using the all-in number, I mean, the $1.06 year-to-date or the $1.12, because the implication on the fourth quarter is either $0.32 or $0.38 and either one the margin seems down a lot sequentially, especially if it’s $0.32. So can you just clarify that $1.44, what are you using for year-to-date EPS, is it $1.06 or $1.12?

Yeah. That’s the adjusted EPS, Dave. So it is the $1.12 year-to-date.

So $0.32 in the fourth quarter with revenue up, I am just trying to say you have revenues up $243 million and it looks like you are trying to imply the margins for the fourth quarter at something like 8.5%, or said another way, revenues up $250-ish million sequentially, but earnings down, EBIT almost $200 million. I am just trying to think through price/cost from here. Is that accurate?

No. It’s not.

Is there something about the tax rate was high?

We will have margins in the fourth quarter reasonably higher than the margins we had last year in the fourth quarter. So there may be something in the math that’s important. Also note that the tax rate was higher this quarter, so expect the tax rate to affect next quarter as well. If you want, we can walk you through the details offline.

That’s okay. The reason I am asking is the price/cost, I assume from here and correct me if I am wrong. The pricing in AG was up over 17%. That may be pricing on a year-over-year basis is starting to peak, but trying to think through the cost. Do you see as we think about going into the quarters for 2023, is there a quarter where you see your cost year-over-year starting to be less than they were the year-ago quarter? I am just trying to get a sense of, this price/cost was pretty constructive, right? It was about 420 basis points for the whole company on a margin improvement year-over-year. Do you see that price/cost spread getting stronger over the next couple quarters, regardless if pricing gains slow a little bit versus the third quarter? I am just trying to get that price/cost assumption as we roll into 2023.

If we look only at cost, we have had increases over the last few quarters from raw materials, transportation, and production. We are still fighting all of these problems. We fold costs into pricing and manage to achieve sales at those pricing levels. For the fourth quarter, we still expect certain costs to be higher than last year and we expect pricing to continue to be embedded, but it’s not a walk in the park.

We do expect inflation to remain a factor even as central banks seek control, so it’s not yet under control. We do see logistics costs perhaps coming down a little bit. Derek Nielsen’s team is doing work to look at our cost structure versus pre-pandemic levels and what it will take to remove added costs we accepted through the pandemic. They are re-baselining and aggressively driving lean and oversight to rip cost out of our own factories and supply chains, not just waiting on supply chain costs to decline.

I appreciate that. I'm trying to get a sense of that relationship because what you're implying about the fourth quarter at least raises the question of whether we already saw the biggest price/cost benefit. I just want to make sure we understand that. And then, real quick, regarding the order books for large AG, when do you expect to expand the order book window? Thank you. That's it from me.

Next year.

We will take our next question from Nicholas Green from Bernstein. Your line is open. Please go ahead.

Hey. Good morning. Thank you. Nick Green from Bernstein. Thanks for taking my question. Can I return to the net working capital inflow in Q4 please? You mentioned, Oddone, that you think it’s quite likely it’s part of the guidance. Can you talk us through risk factors to you being able to collect that amount of working capital? I am trying to understand how much of that’s within your control, would you perhaps identify any items that may prevent your ability to monetize this inventory in Q4? That’s the first one. Thank you.

I’d say the main risk factor is not being able to complete some of the red-flag equipment, or what we call fleet, that is still in our plants and depends on availability of parts, availability of semiconductors, and in some cases availability of labor as well.

But you seem comfortable giving the guidance. So are you expecting because of your existing order book you can see the visibility of what you are going to be delivering? Are you fairly comfortable that you will be able to monetize that amount of working capital?

It really has nothing to do with order books. It has everything to do with our plants being able to get the parts from suppliers, complete the units and get them shipped within the quarter. If you could see the spreadsheet we use to manage this process, it would blow your mind; it’s very well managed. Because we put it in our guidance, we have confidence in our team to execute it, but it does require work.

Okay. I am still not clear how much it will come to when you give us full year results. If you happen to not make that amount of inventory incoming, it will be blamed on factors we could have discussed today. But it sounds like you are considering them.

Let me be clear: when we talk about fleet inventory, these are combines, tractors, wheel loaders, and everything in our portfolio that we run our factories to continue to meet customer demand but cannot complete the unit because there are missing components. Those missing components have a line-of-sight for delivery from suppliers, and therefore, when we complete those and ship them, that’s what’s embedded in our guidance.

Okay. That’s very clear. Thank you. And then the second question on the construction margins. In the past, this division did suffer operating deleverage each time volumes went down. It had several occasions of negative margin in the past. As you mentioned, you are suffering some consequences of the strike. But looking forward, we would expect probably activity levels to drop as well given construction activities. So can you talk us through what steps you are taking to ensure the cost base of the construction division is correctly sized for a slowdown so that we can hopefully avoid operating deleverage this time around?

The work Stefano Pampalone and his team are doing to set a platform for future profitable growth in construction is impressive. Growth in the North American and South American markets is strong and they recognize the need to model what happens when growth slows. They are trying to build a system so that we stay positive even in down markets. They are investing in the portfolio, improving product lineup, inserting technology, running plants more efficiently, allocating and shifting production where it makes sense. They have done a lot of cleanup over the last few years and I think we will benefit from that going forward.

So does that suggest that the lower margin this quarter was due to a large extent to the industrial action being taken? Are you able to give us a hint of the margin if that strike hadn’t been there?

Part of what we are doing is looking where it makes sense. We made the decision in the quarter to transition some products to other plants and that impacted our ability to deliver. So, yes, it was down a bit because of our decision to transition production during the quarter. We are not satisfied with the current margins, but we see a clear path to improvement over the next several quarters.

Okay. Thank you. I will turn it over.

There are no further questions on the line. Thank you everyone for joining today call. You may now disconnect.