Welcome to the Invesco Mortgage Capital Second Quarter 2025 Earnings Call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode until the question and answer session. At that time, to ask a question, press the star followed by the 1 on your telephone. As a reminder, this call is being recorded. Now, I would like to turn the call over to Greg Seals in Investor Relations. Mr. Seals, you may begin the call.

Thanks, Operator. and to all of you joining us on Invesco Mortgage Capital's quarterly earnings call. In addition to today's press release, we have provided a presentation that covers the topics we plan to address today. The press release and presentation are available on our website, InvescoMortgageCapital.com. This information can be found by going to the Investor Relations section of the website. Our presentation today will include forward-looking statements and certain non-GAAP financial measures. Please review the disclosures on slide 2 of the presentation regarding these statements and measures as well as the appendix for the appropriate reconciliations to cap. Finally, Invesco Mortgage Capital is not responsible for and does not edit or guarantee the accuracy of our earnings teleconference transcripts provided by third parties. The only authorized webcasts are located on our website. Again, welcome and thank you for joining us today. I'll now turn the call over to Invesco's IBR CEO.

Thank you and good morning and welcome to Invesco Mortgage Capital second quarter earnings call. I'll provide some brief comments before turning the call over to our Chief Investment Officer, Brian Norris, to discuss our portfolio in more detail. Also joining us on the call this morning for Q&A is our President Kevin Collins, our COO Dave Lyle, and our CEO. Financial conditions were quite volatile during the second quarter, initially driven by a sharply negative reaction to the tariff announcements on April 2nd, which triggered a spike in interest rate volatility and a broad repricing of risk assets. Despite the early turbulence, financial conditions ended the quarter modestly accommodative as interest rate volatility declined and most risk asset valuations rebounded following the announcement of a delay in tariff, even with relatively stable inflation data during the quarter and the potential impact of higher tariffs. Investor expectations for inflation have moderated as reflected in lower break-even rates on treasury inflation protected securities this shift partly reflected growing concerns about the long-term effects of trade policies and economic growth meanwhile labor market data continued to signal resilience as the economy added about 150 000 jobs per month during q2 and the unemployment rate held steady at 4.1 as the quarter progressed stable employment data and declining recession risk led to a moderation in market expectations for near-term monetary policy action. Federal funds' futures market expectations now reflect approximately two rate cuts by year-end, an additional two to three cuts in 2026. Interest rates declined across the front end of the Treasury yield curve during the second quarter, while long-end rates moved higher, reflecting expectations for accommodative policy from the FOMC alongside concerns about potential increases in treasury issuance over the coming years. As a result of the spike in interest rate volatility and broad sell-off in risk assets, agency mortgages sharply underperformed treasuries in April. However, following the announced delay in tariffs, interest rate volatility subsequently declined in May and June, ending the quarter modestly below its starting level. Performance in agency mortgages and agency cnbs along with broader risk assets followed a similar trajectory recovering meaningfully by quarter and after a weak start in april finally valuations at our interest rate swap hedges were negatively impacted as trade policy related volatility combined with fiscal policy concerns to drive swap spreads noticeably tighter These factors resulted in an economic return for the quarter of negative 4.8 percent, consisting of our 34-cent dividend per common share and a 76-cent decline in our book value per common share. Our debt-to-equity ratio decreased from 7.1 times at the end of March to 6.5 times at the end of June, reflecting our belief that elevated near-term uncertainty regarding trade and monetary policy warrants a modestly more defensive posture. At quarter end, our $5.2 billion investment portfolio consisted of $4.3 billion in agency mortgages and $900 million agency CMDS, and we maintained a sizable balance of unrestricted cash and unencumbered investments totaling $360. As of July 18, 2025, we estimate book value for common share to be between $7.99 and $8.31, since as agency mortgages and agency CMBS both perform well into the beginning of the third quarter. While our near-term outlook remains cautious, our long-term outlook for agency mortgages is favorable as we expect demand to improve and higher coupons given attractive valuations, continued stabilization and interest rate volatility, and a steeper yield curve. In addition, we remain positive on agency CMBS as limited issuance, strong fundamental performance, and stable cash flow profiles should provide favorable support for this sector. Now I'll turn the call over to Brian for more details.

Thanks John and good morning to everyone on the call. I'll begin on slide four which provides an overview of the interest rate and agency mortgage markets over the past year. During the second quarter, the U.S. Treasury yield curve steepened as financial markets adjusted to increased uncertainty regarding trade, monetary, and fiscal policy. Futures markets priced in additional monetary policy easing amidst softening U.S. economic growth expectations and persistent trade policy uncertainty, pushing short-term yields lower. In contrast, expectations for a sizable fiscal package and potential tariff-driven inflation pressures lifted long-term yields. While the 10-year Treasury yield was little changed over the quarter, the two-year yield declined 16 basis points and the 30-year yield increased 30 or 20 basis points this steepening brought the 230 spread to its deepest level in nearly three and a half years as depicted in the chart on the bottom left as of june 30th fed funds futures now anticipate five to six cuts by the end of 2026 one more cut than they were pricing in as of march 31st and nearly four more cuts than were priced in a year ago. The chart in the upper right reflects changes in short-term funding rates over the past year. Positively, the funding market for our assets remained relatively stable through the volatility in April, with financing capacity robust, haircuts unchanged, and one-month repo spreads remaining between SOFR plus 15 to 18 basis points. Lastly, the bottom right chart details agency mortgage holdings by the Federal Reserve and U.S. banks. As announced by the FOMC at its March meeting, the Federal Reserve began reducing the pace of balance sheet runoff in April. Treasury runoff declined from $25 billion to $5 billion per month, while the cap on agency RMBS runoff remained unchanged at $35 billion per month. However, actual agency RMBS runoff has consistently ranged between $15 to $20 billion per month since early 2023, well below the stated cap. Given the reduced pace of Treasury runoff, quantitative tightening is now expected to conclude in 2026, a year later than previously expected. U.S. banks essentially reinvested paydowns in the second quarter, but we expect bank demand for HTRMBS to increase in the second half of the year as deregulation, a steeper yield curve, and further easing of monetary policy provides an attractive environment for deployment of deposits into securities. slide five provides more detail on the agency mortgage market in the upper left chart we show 30-year current coupon performance versus u.s treasuries over the past year highlighting the second quarter in gray the quarter began with a sharp decline in valuations as interest rate volatility spiked higher in response to trade policy developments leading to a broad sell-off in financial markets however interest rate volatility declined notably after the 90-day pause and tariff implementation and trended lower through the end of the quarter providing an attractive environment for risk assets as the uncertainty regarding trade and fiscal policy diminished performance across the 30-year coupon stack rebounded with most coupons ultimately outperforming treasury hedges by a modest 20 to 30 basis points for the quarter however carry trade unwinds and fiscal uncertainty resulted in significantly tighter swap spreads on the quarter resulting in negative hedge returns for agency mortgages versus swaps, despite their modest outperformance relative to treasuries. Positively, specified pool payouts rebounded from April's poor performance to end of quarter largely where they began, while funding via the dollar rule market for TBA securities remained largely unattractive for most 30-year coupons. Overall, we prefer specified pools over TBA, given more attractive and stable funding, and a more predictable prepayment speaker. we will continue to take advantage of attractive alternatives in the dollar rule market when available. Slide six details our agency RMBS investments and summarizes investment portfolio changes during the quarter. Our agency RMBS portfolio decreased 15 percent quarter over quarter as we managed risk in the beginning of April as markets navigated trade policy uncertainty. We sold higher coupons low pay of specified pools given their elevated sensitivity to potential increases in interest rate volatility. Despite the sales in April, we remain focused in higher coupon HCRMBS, which benefit from more attractive valuations and an expected further decline in interest rate volatility, while demand from banks, overseas investors, and mortgage rates should offset supply through year-end. We continue to focus our specified pool allocation on prepayment characteristics that are expected to perform well in both premium and discount environments with our largest concentration in lower loan balance collateral given more predictable prepayments relative to lower payout schools although we are cautious on ht rmbs overall in the near term given recent outperformance and the potential for a modest reversal in the trend of lower interest rate volatility we believe levered gross roes in the low 20s on higher coupons represent a very attractive interest entry point for h2 mortgage investors with longer investment horizons. Slide 7 provides a detail on our agency CMBS portfolio. Given the sharp underperformance in agency RMBS in April, the relative value between agency CMBS and agency RMBS became unattractive, which resulted in no new purchases for the quarter. However, despite the lack of new purchases, the decline in our agency RMBS portfolio caused a modest increase in our allocation to agency CMBS for the overall portfolio, which increased from 15% at the end of the first quarter to just over 17% as of June 30th. We believe agency CMBS offers many benefits, mainly through its prepayment protection and fixed maturities, which reduce our sensitivity to interest rate volatility. Levered gross ROEs are in the low to mid-teams, and we have been disciplined on adding exposure only when the relative value between agency CMBS and agency RMBS accurately reflects their unique risk. Financing capacity has been robust as we continue to finance our purchases with multiple counterparties at attractive levels. We will continue to monitor the sector for opportunities to increase our allocation as the relative value becomes attractive, recognizing the overall benefits of the portfolio as the sector diversifies risks associated with an agency RMBS portfolio. Slide 8 details our funding and hedge book at quarter end. Repurchase agreements collateralized by our agency RMBS and agency CMBS investments declined from $5.4 billion to $4.6 billion, consistent with a decrease in our total assets, while the notional of our hedges declined from $4.5 billion to $4.3 billion as we actively increased our hedge ratio from 85% to 94%. The table on the right provides further detail on our hedges at quarter end. Our composition of hedges remained largely unchanged quarter over quarter, approximately 80% of our hedges consisting of interest rate swaps on a notional basis, while on a dollar duration basis the allocation remained near 70%, given a higher allocation to interest rate swaps at the front end of the yield curve. Our allocation to interest rate swaps negatively impacted book value during the second quarter as carry trade unwinds and heightened concerns over fiscal policy led to sharply tighter swap spreads, ranging from six basis points tighter in the front end to 10 to 12 basis points tighter in the long end. Slide 9 provides detail on our capital structure and highlights the improvements we've made in recent quarters to reduce our cost of capital. Further improvement in the capital structure remains the focus of our management team as we seek to maximize shareholder returns. To conclude our prepared remarks, financial market volatility increased sharply at the beginning of the second quarter amidst heightened trade policy uncertainty, but declined notably after the 90-day pause in tariff implementation on April 9th. From that point, volatility generally trended lower through quarter end, providing a supportive backdrop for risk assets, which rebounded after sharp underperformance in early April. Agency RMBS ultimately modestly outperformed treasury hedges on the quarter but underperformed swap hedges given significant tightening of swap spreads although increased volatility swap spread tightening and agency mortgage underperformance negatively impacted our book value in april positively financial markets have since stabilized and as of july 18th we have made our book value per share to be up a little more than one percent since the end of the second quarter we believe our liquidity position provides substantial cushion for further potential market stress while also providing capital to deploy to our target assets as the investment environment improves while near-term uncertainty warrants a somewhat cautious approach we believe further easing of monetary policy will lead to a steeper yield curve and an eventual further decline in interest rate volatility both of which will provide a supportive backdrop for agency mortgages over the long term as they should result in increased demand from commercial banks overseas investors money managers and mortgage rates thank you for your continued support for infesco mortgage capital and now we will open the line for q a thank you so very much as we're now opening for question and answers if you would like to ask a question please press star one please unmute your phone and record your name clearly when prompted your name is needed to introduce your question if you care to withdraw

all your requests, press star two. Now, our first question is from Jason Weaver with Jones Trading, and your line is open now.

Hey, guys. Good morning. Morning. Brian, maybe for you first, taking your comments into account on the preference for high coupon RMBS here, how do you think about the relative risk versus reward just due to possible lower rates prepayment exposure and i think sixes have you know tba sixes have about a point of premium uh six and a half about three points um so you know how do you think about relative value here yeah thanks jason um you know i think you know the spreads accurately kind of reflect that risk and so you know we see notably wider spreads uh nominal spreads in in higher coupons

And we think that that will help kind of cushion any potential increases. You know, we did reduce our 30 or six and a half exposure during the quarter. And that's largely reflective of kind of what you're talking about there. You know, I think six and a half and higher are probably a bit more exposed than the rest of our coupon stack. So, you know, I think, you know, our allocation to specified pools certainly addresses that as well. So, we have a fair amount of, you know, low balance exposure in those coupons, as well as some of the other stories that help protect us. So, you know, we don't own any TBA as of quarter end. So, you know, I feel like we're pretty well protected, you know, to the extent that we do see notably lower rates. you know, our expectation is that, or at least our house view is that, you know, the Fed will cut a couple times here at the end of 2025, and then a few more times in 2026. But really, I think we think that that would result in just a notably steeper curve and not necessarily a significant decline in 10-year, which is where kind of the mortgage rate is keyed off of. So, So, you know, we're not anticipating a significant decline in mortgage rates here. So we think that, you know, certainly, you know, five, five and a half and sixes are still pretty well inflated, just given the three payment protection that we own in October.

Got it. Thank you for that. And, I mean, you mentioned a lot of sort of risk events are seemingly behind this. obviously the uh amount of monetary easing is still very much in question here are the what's your right now what's your uh comfort zone on leverage and any um sort of events upcoming that may affect your ability to take that higher yeah i mean we're certainly pretty comfortable you know i think you know we're about a half a turn lower than where we were during the first quarter um And the good news is that, you know, with spreads as wide as they are, particularly versus swaps, you know, gross ROEs are very attractive, you know, certainly, you know, able to cover the dividend, you know, from an earnings perspective.

And so we don't feel like we need to take, you know, leverage higher in order to meet kind of our goals from a return perspective. and so we're very comfortable with where we are right now um certainly you know tail risk events have declined uh or the potential for tail risk has declined over the course of the second quarter so as we move into the third quarter we still think that you know there are there's still a fair amount of uncertainty about monetary policy um and ultimately kind of you know as tariffs are starting to kind of hit the economy uh here in the third quarter uh more substantially you know the impact that that will have on on inflation and the direction of monetary policy as well so um you know we're pretty comfortable with where we are you know as you know i think you know as the the fed starts to cut um and that you know that path becomes a bit more certain um you know what we'll probably see is is great fall will come down uh mortgage spreads will tighten a little bit um and then that would provide um kind of more of an environment that we could potentially take leverage.

Thank you. That's helpful. I appreciate the time.

Thank you. Our next question now is from Trevor Cranston with Citizens JMP, and your line is now open.

Thanks. Good morning. You talked about the impact of swap spreads, obviously, in the second quarter. Could you give us an update on your sort of outlook for how you think swap spreads are likely to behave going forward and, you know, how that relates to your comfort level around kind of the mix of hedges you guys currently have in place. Thanks.

Yeah, hey Trevor, it's Brian. Yeah, you know, I think, you know, I certainly, I mentioned, you know, we're kind of 80% notional on interest rate swaps relative to treasury futures, and I think that's reflective of kind of our stance on where, you know, swap spreads are right now. You know, I think that that um you know certainly from an roe perspective uh it's very attractive to hedge with swaps at this point um and we think that the ultimate direction of swaps reds will be wider which which will be you know beneficial as well and so you know we're probably at you know max kind of allocation to interest rate swaps and and as we see the environment start to normalize then we would move more into treasury futures, you know, what that ultimate level looks like is a bit uncertain at this point. But we kind of think that, you know, ROEs are very attractive now hedging swaps and the direction, the anticipated direction of swap spreads is wider. So that's also beneficial. So we're kind of at our, you know, max allocation to swaps. And then, you know, as that changes, we would rotate a little bit more in the future.

Got it. Okay, that's helpful. Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question now is from Doug Harder with UBS, and your line is open.

Hi, good morning. Thank you. It's actually Marissa Lobo on for Doug. I'm hoping you could speak to your views on the trajectory of corn earnings and what it means for the dividend.

Yeah, like I said, you know, I mean, I think ROEs are very attractive at this moment. So, you know, we don't really anticipate, you know, I think, you know, mortgage spreads, generally speaking, have been wide for a while. And that's been very supportive of the, you know, the earnings of the portfolio. And there's a lot of different reasons for that. There's, you know, there's technical reasons. Clearly, the Fed has been running off their portfolio for a couple of years now. banks have been notably quiet over the last couple of years as well and so you know we don't anticipate that dynamic changing considerably you know banks will will likely start to add here but the fed's going to continue to roll off and money managers have been overweight for a while now as well and so they're really dependent on on flows and so we kind of think that you know spreads should be relatively attractive um for uh for a quite a quite a long period and so we you know we anticipate you know like i said leverage is where it needs to be in order to to produce the earnings that we um are comfortable with and so we don't really anticipate that that changing in the near term got it that's helpful thank you thank you our next question now is from jason I'm Stuart with Janie Montgomery Scott.

Your line is open, sir.

So, contextual question here in terms of leverage and total return. I think from my perspective, I would expect leverage to move higher when the return opportunities are the highest. But it kind of sounds like you're managing this to cover the dividend and mitigate risk.

Am I thinking about that the right way? i mean otherwise would you not want to increase leverage when total return opportunities are the highest and reduce it the opposite way yeah hey jason it's brian yeah i mean it's it's certainly um you know every environment is different um and so it's challenging to kind of make a blanket statement like that you know i think you know ultimately when when spreads are the widest um and ROEs are the most attractive, you know, that is also, there's reasons for that, right? There's heightened uncertainty, heightened interest rate volatility. And so it's really just kind of managing within that environment as it comes up. You know, I think you're right. You know, I mean, as ROEs become even more attractive, then, you know, it would behoove us to increase our leverage in that scenario. but also what happens is you know as spreads are widening you know book value is likely declining and and leverage is increasing on its own so it's really just a kind of a you know it's a fine line but it's a balancing act between you know trying to take advantage of opportunities as they arise without you know taking risk uh beyond uh where we're comfortable right and it's not all leverage either I mean because we as Brian mentioned we are you know more exposed to swap spreads now

because swap spreads are very wide so there's there's places to do that without necessarily increasing them yeah okay and then just Brian on your uh I missed part of this levered gross ROEs was that based on a coupon or on a blended on a portfolio basis you said low 20s but I missed if it was blended or on higher on higher coupons um you know kind of probably five and a half and six and six and six and a half okay and then so your point is you know with leverage worded today in higher coupons given your swap book you feel comfortable on a carry basis earning the dividends i get that um and then from a you know just another conceptual question from a total return

versus carry standpoint um you know is it is it fair to say that you're leaning more towards carry rather than total return at this point is that the driving factor of how you're allocating on the asset and the liability side hedge side yeah i think that um you know mortgage spreads and mortgages have performed pretty well you know certainly since since april um and and that's because interest rate volatility has has turned to lower during that time and so you know at this point um without banks coming back which you know doesn't appear to be a real near-term event you know i think notable tightening from here is limited so that also kind of plays into

us you know looking at this more as a carry trade at this point um you know until we get a little bit more clarity on on the path of monetary policy and the impact of tariffs okay got it that makes sense all right thanks everybody appreciate it thank you thank you gentlemen now our last question today is from eric hagan with btig your line is now open hey thanks good morning i actually have a question on the cmbs position i mean how do you guys feel like cmbs spreads could behave when the fed cuts rates do you think there's a lot of room for spreads to tighten in that market anymore um and do you feel like conditions in the repo market are you know stable enough to handle

a spread widening event the cms market thank you sure yeah i'll i'll take the last one first i think um you know financing market for that for agency cms has been um robust um even probably better than what we initially anticipated when we started uh investing and so we have no real concerns about, you know, that market, you know, deteriorating in a widening event. It, you know, it did not in early April. So, we feel very, very comfortable about that, you know. And the first question, agency CMBS spreads, you know, I think, you know, for the most part, they kind of follow lower coupon agency RMBS spreads, but, you know, with a lower beta. So, you know, we feel, again, and pretty comfortable there. We do think that as the Fed starts to cut and agency RMBS likely tightens as a result of that, that we'll see agency CMBS follow suit as well.

Got it. Is the CMBS position a fully levered position or is there any liquidity that you can draw from that position at this point?

Yeah, I mean, it's levered to the extent that the rest of our book is levered now.

Okay.

I appreciate you guys. thank you thank you as that was our last question i now would like to turn it back to management for any closing remarks well um yeah thank everyone for joining us on the call and we We look forward to talking to you again next quarter.