Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the MAA First Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. During the presentation, all participants will be in a listen-only mode. Afterward, the company will conduct a question-and-answer session. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded today, May 1st, 2025. I will now turn the call over to Andrew Schaeffer, Senior Vice President, Treasurer and Director of Capital Markets of MAA for opening comments.

Thank you, Regina, and good morning, everyone. This is Andrew Schaeffer, Treasurer and Director of Capital Markets for MAA. Members of the management team participating on the call this morning are Brad Hill, Tim Argo, Clay Holder, and Rob DelPriore. Before we begin with prepared comments this morning, I want to point out that as part of this discussion, company management will be making forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from our projections. We encourage you to refer to the forward-looking statements section in yesterday's earnings release and our 1934 Act filings with the SEC, which describe risk factors that may impact future results. During this call, we will also discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures. A presentation of the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures as well as reconciliations of the differences between non-GAAP and comparable GAAP measures can be found in our earnings release and supplemental financial data. Our earnings release and supplement are currently available on the For Investors page of our website at www.maac.com. A copy of our prepared comments and an audio recording of this call will also be available on our website later today. After some brief prepared comments, the management team will be available to answer questions. I will now turn the call over to Brad.

Thanks, Andrew, and good morning, everyone. As detailed in our release, first quarter performance results were ahead of our expectations as strong demand was evident in multiple areas of our performance, including occupancy, collections and pricing trends. While pricing trends for new resident move-ins continue to reflect the impact from new supply delivering in several of our markets, renewal pricing remains strong and our retention rate increasing, leading to first quarter 2025 blended lease pricing that was ahead of our expectations. We are encouraged by the resilience our portfolio has displayed in the face of the unprecedented levels of new supply that we've experienced over the past year as well as our positioning to capture continued improvement as we enter the summer leasing season. As Tim will discuss in more detail, we are seeing encouraging signs that indicate leasing conditions are poised to support stable occupancy and improvement in blended lease rates that align with the outlook that we provided in our prior guidance, having a compounding impact on revenue performance throughout the year. While macroeconomic uncertainties have increased due to the potential tariffs, our exclusive focus on high-growth markets, lower average price point, broad diversification by market, submarket and price point, our operating efficiencies and scale should position MAA to weather tariff or economic challenges and allow us to take advantage of growth opportunities that may arise. Because of these portfolio characteristics, MAA has not only outperformed in previous downturns and times of uncertainty, but delivered good performance over the past year in the face of a 50-year record high level of supply. In the first quarter, we were able to increase our year-over-year occupancy by 30 basis points and produced average effective rent per unit that was only down $9 per unit from the level we achieved in first quarter of 2024. Our current metrics are indicating no material change in customer behavior. Lease and leasing traffic remains strong. Collections are solid, migration trends are positive and the challenges of single-family home availability and affordability continue to support our strong renewal performance. Our focus on customer service is paying off as reflected in our sector-leading Google scores, contributing to our growing retention rates. Supported by our asset management group, the teams are focused on harvesting the benefits of several leasing and reporting tools introduced over the past few years to maximize our operational effectiveness. We continue to invest in key areas that will support future earnings growth, including various new technology initiatives that enhance efficiencies and support our centralization and specialization efforts. We are ramping up the rollout of property-wide Wi-Fi across our portfolio and investments in our interior renovation and repositioning programs are increasing. On the external growth front, our pipeline of lease-ups and active developments stand at a combined cost of $1.5 billion. Our operating performance at these properties should benefit from a supply environment that is trending below historical levels. We continue to believe investing in new developments will produce strong future earnings growth, especially considering the declining new starts and additional headwinds from decreased equity capital available for new projects. We anticipate starting between three to four new developments this year with a suburban development in the Charleston, South Carolina market on track to start construction during the second quarter. Based on our expected starts and completions for the year, our development pipeline should remain in the $1 billion to $1.2 billion range, a very comfortable level given our scale and balance sheet strength. We are focused on acquiring properties where we can utilize our various platform capabilities to generate attractive long-term returns for capital. But with the transaction market pretty slow, it will likely be the back half of the year before we see more compelling opportunities begin to materialize. As part of our ongoing recycling efforts to improve the earnings quality of our portfolio, during the first quarter of 2025, we exited Columbia, South Carolina with the sale of two properties with an average age of 32 years that went under contract in 2024. We expect continued recycling efforts to occur later this year. With a 30-year performance record focused on high-growth markets and an average executive team member tenure of 16 years, we have operated through prior cycles of high supply and uncertainty. I remain optimistic about the approaching recovery cycle and our market's ability to absorb the new supply. Today, our more diversified and higher-quality portfolio, stronger operating platform and stronger balance sheet position us to compete at an even higher level. Our high-growth markets continue to see stronger job growth, household formation, and investor demand. Through our internal and external investments, we have meaningful future value growth on the horizon as new supply deliveries decline and leasing conditions strengthen. We remain excited about the outlook over the next few years. To all our associates at the properties and our corporate and regional offices, thank you for your hard work and dedication in preparation for the busy leasing season. Your commitment and dedication to our residents and fellow associates are greatly appreciated. With that, I'll turn the call over to Tim.

Thank you, Brad, and good morning, everyone. Following up on Brad's comments, we are encouraged by the first quarter operating trends with blended pricing, occupancy and collections all slightly outperforming our expectations. We entered 2025 with occupancy and exposure in a strong position that helped drive a steady increase in pricing, particularly on our new leases. The acceleration in new lease-over-lease pricing growth was greater than what we have seen on average historically, increasing 180 basis points sequentially from the fourth quarter of 2024. The resulting new lease pricing on a lease-over-lease basis for the first quarter was negative 6.3%. Additionally, renewal rates for the quarter showed strength, growing 4.5% on a lease-over-lease basis, which was a 30 basis point increase sequentially over the fourth quarter. The resulting lease-over-lease pricing on a blended basis was negative 0.5%, which represented a 160 basis point improvement sequentially from the fourth quarter of 2024. Average physical occupancy was 95.6%, up 30 basis points as compared to the same period in 2024. Collections continue to outperform expectations with net delinquency representing just 0.3% of billed rents. These factors combined drove the resulting same-store revenue growth of 0.1% for the quarter. Many of the markets that were outperformers in 2024 from a blended lease-over-lease pricing standpoint continued to do well in the first quarter of 2025, including several of our mid-tier markets. Virginia stands out with Richmond, Norfolk, Fredericksburg, and our four Northern Virginia properties, all exceeding the portfolio average. Charleston, Savannah, and Greenville also demonstrated strong pricing power. Of our larger markets, Tampa continued to show pricing recovery. Houston held steady. And encouragingly, we saw significantly improved performance from Atlanta, particularly as compared to market conditions there in the first quarter of 2024. Austin remains the laggard as it continues to face significant supply pressure with Phoenix and Nashville continuing to struggle with lingering supply concerns also. Touching on our lease-up portfolio, we had one property, MAA Optimus Park reached stabilization in the quarter. Our seven remaining lease-up properties are competing well against the record new supply being delivered in our markets and ended the quarter with a combined occupancy of 71.6%. We pushed the expected stabilization date back one quarter for MAA Bogie Creek in Orlando and expect six of the seven lease-up properties to stabilize in 2025. Rents for the group continue to exceed our pro forma expectations and should result in significant value creation for this portfolio. We continue to execute on our various redevelopment and repositioning initiatives in the first quarter, and we expect to accelerate these programs over the course of 2025 and into 2026. For the first quarter of 2025, we completed 1,102 interior unit upgrades, achieving rent increases of $90 above non-upgraded units and a cash-on-cash return of just under 18%. Despite this more competitive supply environment, these units were vacant on average nine days less than non-renovated units when adjusted for the additional turn time. We expect to renovate even more units in Q2 and Q3 with a goal to renovate approximately 6,000 units in 2025 with an even larger increase expected in 2026. For our repositioning program, we have effectively completed the repricing phase on all the legacy 2023, 2024 projects with NOI yields approaching 10%. We have an additional six projects finishing up construction that will begin the repricing phase between now and July in what we believe will be a strengthening leasing environment. We are also now live on the four property-wide Wi-Fi retrofit projects we began in 2024 and are currently in the planning or construction phase for an additional 23 projects that we targeted for 2025. As we close out April, we continue to see encouraging trends that are aligned with our guidance. New lease and blended pricing in April improved as compared to both March and the full first quarter with average daily occupancy for the month of 95.5%. Our 60-day exposure for April was 8.4%, 20 basis points lower than this time last year. It keeps us in a position for stable occupancy to allow for pricing power, assuming the strong demand we have seen to date remains intact. On the demand side, absorption in our markets in the first quarter was at a record level and represented the third straight quarter units absorbed exceeded units delivered, putting our markets in a good position to achieve a robust recovery as supply continues to decline. Additionally, the percentage of our residents accepting renewal offers exceeds last year's record level with lease-over-lease growth rates on renewals accepted for May and June outpacing our strong year-to-date renewal growth rates. The lower turnover is another mitigating factor against supply pressure with fewer units coming to market. Improving new lease rates should further help support continued strong renewal performance throughout the spring and summer leasing season. That's all the way I have in the prepared comments. Now, I'll turn the call over to Clay.

Thank you, Tim, and good morning, everyone. We reported core FFO for the quarter of $2.20 per diluted share, which was $0.04 per share above the midpoint of our first quarter guidance. About $0.025 of the favorability was due to same-store NOI performance with an additional $0.025 due to favorable timing of overhead and interest expenses, partially offset by $0.01 of non-same-store NOI performance. In addition to our same-store revenue performance slightly exceeding our expectations, real estate tax expense was favorable in the quarter due to the timing of tax litigation settlements that were initially projected to be completed in the second quarter. Personnel costs, repair and maintenance expenses, and marketing costs were all generally in line with our expectations. During the quarter, we funded approximately $67 million in development cost of the current $852 million pipeline, leaving an expected $305 million to be funded on our current pipeline over the next two to three years. We also invested approximately $17 million of capital in the first quarter through our redevelopment, repositioning and Wi-Fi retrofit initiatives that Tim spoke of earlier. Our balance sheet remains strong with $1 billion in combined cash and borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility and our low net debt-to-EBITDA at 4 times, our balance sheet is well-positioned to take advantage of opportunities should they emerge. At quarter end, our outstanding debt was approximately 94% fixed with an average maturity of seven years at an effective rate of 3.8%. Finally, with much of the leasing season still ahead of us, coupled with the uncertain macroeconomic environment, we are maintaining our core FFO and same-store guidance for the year. As outlined in our release, we expect core FFO for the second quarter of 2025 to be in the range of $2.05 to $2.21 per diluted share or $2.13 per share at the midpoint. This midpoint includes the timing impact of the real estate tax litigation settlement previously discussed, along with the typical seasonality of leasing and maintenance-related operating expenses. That is all that we have in the way of prepared comments. So, Regina, we will now turn the call back to you for questions.

We will now open the call up for questions. Our first question will come from Eric Wolfe with Citigroup. Please go ahead.

Hey thanks. So, right now, I guess we're at the beginning of May. I assume most people probably sign a new lease about a month before they move in, but correct me if I'm wrong on that. So, is it just fair to say that you have a pretty good idea of where new lease spreads will be in late May or early June? Or do you still not have visibility into that yet?

Hey Eric, this is Tim. We do have pretty good visibility. Obviously, on the renewal side, we have really good visibility with 60-day notice required there. And to your point, on the new lease side, I mean, it varies. You do get a lot of people that are looking to move in more immediately in that zero to seven-day range, but we've put a little bit of extra focus on pre-leasing that has pushed that out a little bit. So, we probably have even a little more color or a little more visibility this year than we did this time last year. So, yes, we've got a fair amount of visibility. Certainly, April new leases, we know those. I would say we probably have a good handle on, call it, half of the May new leases and probably 25% or so of the June new leases.

Got it. Yes. And I asked the question mainly because if you kind of look at the first quarter, it's tracking pretty similarly to what you saw last year. And so I think what people are trying to figure out is, are you seeing anything in the recent data, whether that's April, May, June, that gives you more confidence in this inflection in rent growth that companies are predicting because so far, the results have been a bit like last year. So, what kind of gives you the confidence based on recent activity that you're going to see that inflection?

Yes, I mean we're continuing to see, like I said, particularly when we look at our pre-leasing activity, we're continuing to see those new lease rates accelerate. And so if you look at kind of where we are December through to April, we were almost negative 9% on new leases in December and then up to negative 4.6% in April and saw a continued steady acceleration. I would expect that to continue into Q2. And then typically, Q3 continues to accelerate a little from there, obviously, dependent on how the economic environment plays out. But from what we're seeing right now, we feel pretty good where we are.

Our next question comes from the line of Nick Yulico with Scotiabank. Please go ahead.

Good morning. It's Daniel Tricarico here with Nick. I’d like to follow up on Eric's question regarding the confidence level of the blends. How should we approach the comparison period in relation to concessions and the burn-off impact as we move into the second and third quarters?

Certainly, when we mention lease-over-lease rates, it reflects net of concessions and includes the distribution of those concessions. There's nothing particular to highlight on that. However, whether you refer to it as easier comparisons or otherwise, it is influencing our situation. We experienced challenges with new lease rates for most of 2024, which persisted into early 2025 with lower rates. So, if you factor in the typical seasonality, the declining supply pressure, and somewhat easier comparisons, it provides us with confidence in our current position.

Great. Thanks. And then a follow-up on development. Is there a potential to extend lease-up expectations at any of your other development properties? And how should we think about the supply impact potentially being stretched out into 2026 in some of these markets that are still working through that pipeline?

I think in terms of development, we feel confident about the timelines we have concerning lease-up performance in our portfolio. It's important for us to protect the revenue and rent performance of those properties. With this focus, we can afford to be a bit more patient regarding lease-up performance. Some of our lease-up properties have leased slower than we anticipated, but the positive news is that the rents we are achieving from these properties are exceeding our expectations and yield projections. We remain optimistic that our lease-up efforts will continue to align with our expectations, and they are performing well on the rent side. Overall, we feel very good about the lease-ups we have at this time.

Our next question comes from the line of Cooper Clark with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Hi thanks for taking the question. Could you talk about the cost side of development and how much is more or less locked in when you begin construction? And then also if you could touch on the same thing for the redevelopment pipeline as well?

Yes, this is Brad. I'll discuss development while Tim will cover redevelopment. The situation varies depending on whether the development is done in-house or through a pre-purchase arrangement. In our pre-purchase pipeline, our development partner provides a construction cost guarantee, meaning the costs are set when we reach an agreement. Therefore, we shouldn't encounter any pressure related to these ongoing pre-purchase developments. For our in-house projects, around 95% of costs are typically secured. Once we start construction, the buyout from the general contractors is usually completed quickly, so those costs are generally locked in as well. To date, we're not experiencing any impact on construction costs for ongoing developments. Looking at new projects, we haven't seen any effects from potential tariffs or immigration changes that might influence labor. In fact, some of our contractors have indicated that due to a decline in new starts and supply pipeline, we are currently receiving better pricing from many of our general contractors and development partners. Margins are tightening, and there is increased interest in new projects. That's where we stand on new development. Tim?

Yes. I’d like to discuss the redevelopment. Currently, we are not experiencing any pressure, and I do not anticipate any this year concerning that area. Appliances account for about 25% of our overall redevelopment costs, and we have secured pricing on those through roughly this time next year. Additionally, we have multiple sources and availability for countertops and other materials. We have a clear plan for the units we intend to redevelop and have much of the necessary materials already in place. While there is a possibility that tariff issues or other factors could start to affect us by late this year into 2026, we are not facing any pressure at this moment.

Great. thanks. And then if you could also just touch on urban versus suburban performance in some of your key markets? And if it's fair to say that there's more upside to urban here over the next few years as supply normalizes just given the higher density?

To address your question about urban and suburban performance, I believe there is likely more upside for urban assets since they have been receiving a larger share of supply in recent years. As that supply decreases, it should benefit those urban areas more. However, we have observed that the performance of our urban and suburban properties has become quite similar, with only slight differences in occupancy and pricing. For a while, suburban properties were performing notably better, but that gap has decreased as supply pressures have eased. It's worth noting that performance can vary by market; for instance, in Atlanta, we are still seeing stronger performance in areas outside the perimeter compared to Midtown and Buckhead. Overall, we are noticing a trend toward convergence in performance.

Our next question comes from the line of Jana Galan with Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning. Maybe if you could talk a little bit more about that improvement that you're seeing in Atlanta. From the market data, it's still pretty weak, but that's very encouraging that your portfolio is seeing a turnaround.

Yes, I would say that Atlanta is improving compared to where it was for most of 2024, although it's not one of our top markets right now in terms of performance. Our new lease pricing in Atlanta is the best it's been since early to mid-2023, and we've also noticed some occupancy recovery. We're about 20 basis points better in occupancy than we were at this time last year. While it still lags behind our broader portfolio, it shows significant improvement from where it was a year ago.

Our next question comes from the line of Adam Kramer with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Hey, thanks for the time guys. Just wondering about the kind of level of concessions in your markets today, maybe just high level. And then how does that compare to whether it's early in the year when seasonally slower period or even a year ago, maybe just again, level of concessions today maybe versus a year ago?

Yes, we've seen concessions broadly be relatively consistent the last couple of quarters and probably down a little bit from where it was this time last year. I would say the portfolio broadly or markets broadly anywhere from a half month to a month is pretty consistent. There are pockets, obviously, where it's a little bit higher. There's lease-ups probably more in that month and a half, two-month range. But broadly, we're seeing kind of half a month to a month be pretty consistent in most markets. It's a little bit lower from where it was this time last year, pretty consistent with where it was in Q4 of 2024.

Great. And then just on kind of capital allocation and cost of capital here. Obviously, the stock has done a little bit better than some of the peers year-to-date. I was wondering how you kind of view your equity cost of capital, your debt cost of capital, I guess, even disposition cost of capital? And when it comes to kind of funding these developments, funding other sources or other uses rather, how do you kind of assess both the cost of capital and the capital allocation priorities here?

Yes, this is Brad, Adam. Considering our current leverage at 4 times, we believe the best way to increase our capital at this point is through debt. Given that leverage level, we could increase our debt by about $1 billion to $1.5 billion and still remain within our required credit metrics. Therefore, we see debt as the optimal use of our capital right now. You will see us continue to fund any incremental needs through debt. Additionally, as we sell properties this year, as we did in the first quarter, we will keep selling properties later this year, which will also provide capital for our external growth. That will be our source of funding.

Our next question comes from the line of Michael Goldsmith with UBS. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. New lease growth was down in December by 9%. You've seen some sequential improvement in April to down 4.6%. I believe last quarter, you spoke to new lease growth hitting positive at some point this year. So, are you still on track to achieve this based on what you've seen so far this year? Or has the environment changed to the point where maybe that's not as likely this year? Thanks.

I think we still have an expectation that we could see it go slightly positive, call it, mid-third quarter or so. We don't expect it to get significantly positive. We have just slightly positive and then starting to trend back down as we get into Q4. So, there's probably a little more uncertainty right now just given what's going on in the economy. But generally, the trends we're seeing would support that, and that's what we're expecting as of right now.

Got it. As a follow-up, you've sold out of the Columbia, South Carolina market. Are there other markets where you could sell out but may not have enough scale to accomplish your goals? If you were to sell out in those markets and reallocate the proceeds to areas where you do have scale, what kind of impact could that have on expenses over time by closing markets without scale and investing in those where you can?

Yes, this is Brad. I mean, certainly, we'll look to continue to drive efficiencies through our portfolio. And I do think one way to do that is for us to continue to sell some of these markets where we may have one or two assets. And we still have a few of those. We've got one in Panama City. We've got one in Gulfport or Gulf Shores. We've got two in Las Vegas. So, in markets where we only have a couple of assets, certainly, by selling those, we can reallocate the time and energies specifically of our regional folks to other properties to drive efficiencies throughout the portfolio. So, we'll continue to evaluate that every fourth quarter, we go through an evaluation process to look at properties that we have in our portfolio and begin to look at those and prioritize what our disposition needs are for the following year. So, that will continue to be a focus of ours, along with looking at properties where perhaps the growth rate is not what we desire from our portfolio or the CapEx needs are growing, and it's just not a fit for our portfolio anymore, but that's a very thorough process that we go through every year.

Our next question comes from the line of Julien Blouin with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Thank you for taking my question. Your markets have tended to be relatively resilient during past recessions, but do you worry a recession this time around would potentially be different just given the amount of supply you're still dealing with, vacancy still pretty elevated, pricing power as a starting point is weaker. So, do you think maybe performance this time would be worse than in the past?

Well, this is Brad. And as we look at certainly the demand fundamentals in our region of the country, no, I mean, we would not think that if there were a slowdown in the economy that we would expect any type of different performance in our region of the country than we have experienced historically. Certainly, as you mentioned, if you go back to the three previous downturns that we've seen, whether it's the 2002 or 2003 tech bubble, the 2009 GFC or 2020 COVID, the performance of our portfolio significantly exceeded what we saw out of our peers, and we have every reason to believe that, that continues. And I would say, certainly, when the economy slows, we have historically seen our high-growth markets hold up better than the national norms as the broad diversification of industries and employers, coupled with more affordable employment costs as compared particularly to other regions of the country have tended to drive that resiliency you just talked about within our markets. And I think for us, specifically, our unique diversification by market and submarket, our product types, our price point and then the diversification between large and mid-tier markets has continued to provide steadier performance for us. And we think that is a component that will certainly continue. And then the other thing that we've seen in the Sunbelt, particularly over the last five years or so is just the Sunbelt job machine continues to outperform. We've seen numerous knowledge-based employment growth come to our region of the country. And then what we also have seen that I think is very important is the local and municipal governments are stronger than they are in other regions of the country. And I think that really supports the pro-business view of this region of the country. It also supports the ability to add subsidies and incentives to really support the job locations and relocations that we've seen. So, no, we think, especially as potential onshoring continues and picks up speed, the Sunbelt is in a pretty good position to take advantage of that. And then the other point I would just make relative to demand, certainly, job growth is a component of that. And as I just laid out, we think that continues to perform quite well in our region of the country going forward. But there are other demand drivers in our region of the country that continue to perform pretty well. Migration trends continue to be positive. The single-family availability and affordability is a challenge in our region of the country. And that's also a challenge that I think is a newer challenge to our region of the country. It's perhaps always existed in some of the coastal markets, but it's newer in our region of the country. But I do think that's a phenomenon that's going to drive retention rates up over the long-term. And today, our turnover is 41.5%. Two years ago, it was 46%. So that 5% reduction is a long-term trend that I think will stay low and that there's significant implications for that. So, long-term, we think that the Sunbelt continues to perform quite well regardless of the economic view that's out there. And then we think that our portfolio, in particular, for the diversification reasons I mentioned, continues to perform well.

Great. Thank you. That’s all from me.

Our next question comes from the line of John Kim with BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Based on your second quarter and your full year guidance, you'll need to achieve about a 2.5% to 3% increase in FFO per share compared to what you'll achieve in the first half of the year. I'm wondering how much of that is driven by seasonality in rents? And what are some of the other factors that will contribute to ramp up earnings?

Yes, John, in addition to the seasonal factors you mentioned, another aspect that should continue to benefit FFO for the rest of the year is our lease-up properties. As these properties gain momentum and as Brad and Tim previously noted, they are demonstrating pricing power that exceeds our pro forma expectations. We believe this trend in pricing, along with an improvement in NOI yield, will significantly drive ongoing performance acceleration throughout the year.

And you reiterated your outlook to roll out Wi-Fi in 23 projects this year. Can you just remind us what contribution that is to your same-store revenue for this year? And what's the timing of the completion or the rollout of the remainder of your portfolio?

John, this is Tim. This year, it's not a significant part of our projects. We completed four projects late last year and we currently have 23 under construction. We are anticipating a combined impact of about $1 million to $1.5 million from these 27 projects in 2025, depending on the rollout phases and lease expirations. Once fully implemented, we expect these 27 projects to generate nearly $6 million. We are focused on completing the 23 this year and want to ensure that everything goes as planned. We may also consider accelerating the rollout further in 2026. However, this will be a multiyear initiative, likely spanning the next four to five years as we aim to implement it across most, if not all, of our portfolio.

Our next question comes from the line of Wes Golladay with Baird. Please go ahead.

Hey. Good morning everyone. Can you talk about maybe your markets that are surprising to the upside and to the downside versus initial expectations?

Sure, Wes. This is Tim. The good ones, and I mentioned several of them in the prepared comments, not any huge surprises there, the ones that have been pretty strong for the last 12 months or so continue to be strong. Tampa is one that I highlighted, I believe, in the last quarter that we could see some upside, and that has started to play out. So that would be one that I would point to that's on the up cycle. I mentioned Atlanta being an improvement relative to where that one had been. And then Jacksonville is another where it's still a laggard in general, but it's showing some pretty good acceleration and some resilience despite some heavy supply there. So, that's another one that was in one of our bottom three or four markets last year that I would expect to show a little bit more strength there. So that would probably be one that I would put in the little bit of the surprise category. And then I really mentioned the ones that are still laggards, Austin, Phoenix, and Nashville are the three that I would point out there that just continue to work through quite a bit of supply.

Okay. And then for your insurance renewal that's coming up, any change in thought there?

Yes. We're still kind of in the process of working through that. Still a little early on. We'll have more to say about it whenever we release second quarter earnings. But just the initial conversations we've had have been positive, and so we'll have more to come.

Our next question comes from the line of Haendel St. Juste with Mizuho. Please go ahead.

Good morning. This is Mike on with Haendel. My question is, can you just provide a little bit more detail on the cadence you're expecting in both your blended spreads throughout the remaining three quarters of the year and your same-store rent?

Well, as far as the blended trend, I mean, pretty consistent with what we talked about last quarter and pretty consistent with what I would say is more normal seasonality. So we continue to expect our blended for Q1 was negative 0.5%. We continue to expect to see that push forward in both Q2 and Q3 and then moderate a little bit in Q4. But we talked about the trajectory of new lease pricing and what we're seeing there. Encouragingly, on the renewals, May and June look really strong and sending out July right now, which we expect to be strong as well. So we think the renewals will continue to have a bigger part of that mix. We continue to see the renewal accept rates be stronger than what they were last year. And then obviously, the rates we're getting there. So, I think the mix between new lease and renewal is probably a little heavier weighted towards renewal than what we had in right at the beginning of the year. But generally, the trends and trajectory is about the same as what we started the year with.

Thank you. That's helpful. And just one follow-up. Can you give any color on potential impact of immigration policy and demand trends for the Sunbelt markets that are lagging in the second half of this year?

This is Brad. We're monitoring the trends in immigration closely. Currently, we don't see any significant impact from this on our operations. The construction side also appears unaffected for now, although we might observe some effects in the future if these issues materialize. As of now, the changes in immigration policy are not having a noticeable impact.

Our next question comes from the line of Alexander Goldfarb with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning down there. First question is, when do you think that you guys would have a sense of how much of the competitive supply potentially slips into next year? Just curious.

Well, I mean, nothing that we're seeing right now. There's been a little bit of slowdown in some lease-ups in some part in submarkets. But broadly, the supply picture looks pretty much like it has or like we've thought for the last few quarters where we're continuing to see it slowly moderate. I mean we're still obviously at a higher than normal delivery cadence. So even though 2025 is lower than 2024, it's still what I would call above normal. But 2026, we expect that to drop pretty significantly to where it's below a long-term average. So, as we've said kind of all along, I think where you really start to see that strength is late 2025, which will be offset by some normal seasonality that tends to wane. But 2026 is when we really expect to see that acceleration.

And then the second question is on the leasing front, you guys have spoken about good visibility out 60 days. But do you see leasing as a good healthy leading indicator? Or your view is still apartments are lagging because if there's any job disruption or any tightening of the belt, it takes a while before the renter ends up downsizing or doing something different.

I believe leasing is a better leading indicator than it has been in the past. We now have more transparency, data, and information to analyze, including various perspectives on pre-leasing. This allows us to see what options are available in the market. New lease rates, in particular, serve as a strong indicator because they reflect individuals actively searching for a place to live and comparing different options. Additionally, factors such as collections, move-outs, and reasons for move-outs also serve as good indicators. Typically, alongside new lease pricing, we may see people needing to move out earlier than expected due to job loss or other issues, as well as an uptick in delinquency rates. Overall, these three indicators are quite useful, and currently, we don't have any concerns regarding them.

Our next question comes from the line of Rob Stevenson with Janney Montgomery Scott. Please go ahead.

Brad, are you seeing any meaningful changes in the acquisition volumes in your markets and pricing expectations given this market turmoil rates and the potential that not all the tax cuts get passed in reconciliation?

Well, we've certainly seen a reduction in terms of the number of deals here in, call it, April. I mean, first quarter is hard to gauge because a lot of the deals that closed in first quarter went under contract in 2024. We did see a slight uptick in the number of deals that we tracked in the first quarter. I'd say the volume of deals on the market here in April has dropped significantly in our market. So I would say the volume definitely has dropped. The pricing that we've seen, I would say, has been still pretty consistent, sub-5% cap rates in general on everything that we've seen trade. So, there's certainly uncertainty out there that's impacting volume. But at this point, it doesn't seem to be impacting price.

All right. That's helpful. And then, Tim, what's the cadence of the comps on a year-over-year basis throughout the year? Do you get consistently easier comps on like a same-store revenue basis as we move throughout the year with the fourth quarter being the easiest? Or are there pockets between now and end of the year where you had particular strength in 2024 and that the comps aren't as easy?

As we approach the end of the year in the fourth quarter, those comparisons will be the easiest since that is when our new lease pricing hit its lowest point. However, I should mention that in Q2 and Q3 of last year, while we experienced significant strength in new lease rates, the acceleration wasn't as pronounced during those quarters as we normally expect. In fact, while the new lease rates were at their peak in the middle of last year, they still provide a reasonable basis for comparison moving forward. So, there is a bit of an advantage from these comparisons for the rest of the year, especially as we get later into it. Additionally, we anticipate a continued decrease in the impact from supply, which could contribute to further acceleration later in 2025.

Okay. Thanks guys.

Our next question comes from the line of Ann Chan with Green Street. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning. Just jumping back to the topic of lease-ups or more specifically, can you provide some context on what issues are causing occupancy to decline at the MAA Vale lease-up in Raleigh?

Yes, this is Tim. I can hit on that one. I mean, certainly, we saw some slowdown just seasonally in terms of traffic and leads and the qualified traffic. There were some flooding issues there, frankly, that slowed down the lease-up as well that we have now fixed. And what we've seen over the last 45 days or so is that the leads and leasing both have picked up pretty significantly. So lead volume is up 50% or so in April as compared to March, and we've done 39 net leases over the last 45 days, which is about double where we were trending before. So, we're trending back towards 70% now. So there's a little bit of uniqueness there and then combine that with the time of the year and seasonality, but I feel like it's back on track at this point.

Okay. Thank you. And just a second question for me. Are there any expense line items that you expect may deviate meaningfully from your initial guidance as the year progresses?

Ann, this is Clay. At this point in the year, we're still aligned with the expectations we shared a couple of months ago. There haven't been any significant changes across the board regarding those line items.

Our next question comes from the line of Doug Horne with Raymond James. Please go ahead.

Thank you, good morning. Could you discuss the trends you observed regarding move-outs for purchasing single-family homes? I believe you mentioned that this reached a new record low this quarter. I'm curious about the anecdotal feedback you're receiving from customers who are in that decision-making process. How sustainable do you believe these trends will be moving forward?

Yes, Doug, this is Tim. We did see a continued significant drop in move-outs to buy a home. It represented about 12% of our move-outs in Q1, which was down 16% or so from where it was this time last year. And I think it's a combination of two things. The biggest one, obviously, is just the affordability issue of single-family home pricing is even as rents have moderated, call it, over the last 12 to 18 months, single-family home prices have continued to go up and then mortgage rates obviously are pretty elevated as well. So even if you were to put a 20% down payment right now to buy a house on average in one of our markets would be about 40% to 50% higher cost before you even consider things like tax and insurance. So I think affordability continues to be the biggest thing. And then I think with some of the increased uncertainty in the economy, people just tend to stay put where they are. I think that's helping to benefit our turnover and people just a little more hesitant to make big life decisions like that. And then thirdly, I think there is a transition over the last few years just in terms of how many people want to buy a house or want the flexibility or the lifestyle that the apartments can provide. So, while I don't think it stays as low forever, I don't think it gets back to the levels that we saw in past times either.

Got you. But you weren't seeing like a concurrent uptick in move-outs to rent a single-family house necessarily for you?

No. It was down a little bit as well, frankly.

Got you. And just one last quick one. Just thinking about Houston and maybe some of the Texas markets, given where energy prices are in this particular cycle, are you watching the energy sector, in particular as it relates to kind of your Texas markets? And how do you think job growth trends might play out in this particular cycle there?

I mean, we are not necessarily monitoring anything more than usual. For instance, Houston has diversified its economy significantly. While it remains heavily reliant on energy, other industries have emerged, and it remains a strong market for us. Supply in that area has been very low, making it one of our lowest supply markets alongside D.C., and it continues to experience positive household formation, job growth, and population growth. Therefore, we have no concerns there. I believe all Texas markets will continue to generate and create jobs regardless of developments in the energy sector.

Our next question comes from the line of Alex Kim with Zelman & Associates. Please go ahead.

Hey thanks for taking my question. Just one for me here. The spread between renewals and new move-in rent growth tightened slightly from the end of last year this quarter, and it still remains historically wide. I was just curious how renewal rent growth has remained as resilient despite the gap and what this dynamic means for your higher expectation for renewals as a percentage of signed leases?

The gap did narrow a bit in the first quarter and even more in April. Although the percentage gap remains quite wide, in dollar terms, for April, the difference is around $130 between the absolute rents on new leases and renewals. It's not as significant as it may seem. We have been experiencing this larger than normal gap for six or seven quarters, and we're still seeing renewal rates in the 4.25% to 4.5% range. For both May and June renewals, we're seeing rates around 4.7% to 4.8%, along with higher acceptance rates than last year, which was a record. It's important to consider the process and customer service involved in renewals, as well as factors that contribute to renewal rates beyond just comparing them to street rents. We conduct a thorough analysis of the renewal rates we propose. Additionally, as Brad pointed out, we have the highest Google scores in the sector, which certainly impacts this situation. Looking ahead into July, we continue to see strong acceptance rates and rental rates for renewals.

Got it. That's helpful. I guess just a quick follow-up here then. Any markets in particular where that spread is tighter than the average or even just wider than average just to provide some basis?

It varies a little bit here and there, but not significantly. I mean, with what we've seen in the cadence of supply being pretty consistent across most markets, the seasonality or the gaps and all that have been relatively consistent across most of our markets.

Our next question comes from the line of Brad Heffern with RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Yes, thanks. Hi everybody. For new lease spreads, I think you said last quarter that the full year average would be around minus 1.5%. You now have a third of the year locked in. I think the math on that would be like high minus 5s, and that might imply something close to zero for the rest of the year. So I guess, are you still confident in the minus 1.5%? Or is the higher renewal acceptance rate offsetting maybe a lower new lease target?

Yes, we adjusted our forecast slightly regarding that mix. Generally, we're maintaining our guidance, and our overall expectation of blended pricing is consistent with our previous outlook. However, we did incorporate a heavier mix with a focus on renewals. We lowered our new lease expectations a bit, not significantly, but due to uncertainty and economic factors, we want to see how things develop over the next few months. Overall, we haven’t made major changes since we exited Q4.

Okay. Got it. And then on D.C., obviously, a pretty small exposure for you guys, but I'm hoping that leads to maybe an unbiased opinion. Are you seeing anything there from DOGE? And what do you expect to happen as the layoffs and buyouts sort of accumulate?

Yes. Currently, we are not observing any significant changes. In April, key indicators in our D.C. market show that move-outs have decreased compared to the same time last year. Our occupancy rate is well over 96% in that area. It's worth noting that D.C. is not a major market for us; we own only 35% of one JV property there. We have four properties in Northern Virginia, with two closer to Pentagon City and Tysons Corner and two situated further out. Additionally, we have four or five properties in Fredericksburg, which is currently our strongest market across the portfolio. For instance, any job losses we're witnessing in Tysons are being balanced by a return to work and the presence of tech jobs in that area. Moreover, we are not seeing any significant changes with the properties located further out. In short, there is no impact at this time, and we continue to view the market as strong, although it is not a major focus for us.

And we have no further questions. I'll return the call to MAA for closing remarks.

All right. No other comments for us. If you guys have any questions, feel free to reach out, and we look forward to seeing you guys in about a month.

This concludes today's program. Thank you for participating. You may disconnect at any time.