Hello and welcome to Ouster’s Second Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After today's presentation and remarks, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. The call today is being recorded and a replay of the call will be available on Ouster’s Investors Relations website an hour after the completion of this call. I'd now like to turn the conference over to Chen Geng, VP of Strategic Finance and Treasurer.

Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us for our second quarter 2024 earnings call. I am joined today by Ouster’s Chief Executive Officer, Angus Pacala and Chief Financial Officer, Mark Weinswig. Before we begin the prepared remarks, we would like to remind you that earlier today, Ouster issued a press release announcing its second quarter 2024 results. An investor presentation was published and is available on the investor relations section of Ouster’s website. Today's earnings call and press release reflects management's views as of today only and will include statements related to our business and financial outlook that are forward-looking statements under the federal securities laws. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by these forward-looking statements due to risks and uncertainties associated with our business. For a discussion of the material risks and other important factors that could impact our actual results, please refer to the company's SEC filings and today's press release, both of which can be found on our investor relations website. Any forward-looking statements that we make on this call are based on assumptions as of today and other than as may be required by law, we undertake no obligation to update these statements as a result of new information or future events. Information discussed on this call concerning Ouster’s industry, competitive position, and the markets in which it operates is based on information from independent industries and research organizations, other third-party sources, and management estimates, which are derived from publicly available information released by independent industry analysts and other third-party sources, as well as data from Ouster’s internal research, and are based on reasonable assumptions and computations made upon reviewing such data and its experience in and knowledge of such industry and markets. By definition, assumptions are subject to uncertainty and risk, which could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates. During this call, we will discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered as a supplement to and not a substitute for measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. For a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures discussed during this call to the most directly comparable GAAP measures. Please refer to today's press release. I would now like to turn the call over to Angus.

Hello everyone and thank you for joining us today. I'll start with a brief recap of the quarter, overview of the market, and an update on our strategic priorities. Mark will cover our financial results in more detail before I close with some final thoughts. Our second quarter results showcase solid execution as our GAAP gross margin increased to 34%, setting a new operating record for Ouster. We reported revenues of $27 million, representing the sixth straight quarter we have met or exceeded our guidance. We are also making our business more efficient. Since the first quarter of 2023, we have reduced our inventory levels by over 30% and improved our annualized inventory turns to over 3.5 times from under 2.5 times. Alongside the continued improvement in our operating results, we have built one of the industry's most resilient balance sheets and diversified business models. Subsequent to the end of the quarter, we repaid all outstanding balance on our revolving credit line with cash on hand. During the second quarter, we saw strength in our robotics vertical, which accounted for many of our largest deals. We secured and expanded our relationship with Serve Robotics, a leading developer of advanced AI-powered delivery robots. Ouster's REV7 sensors are designed to support a Level 4 capable fleet that makes on-demand delivery more affordable and accessible. We look forward to supporting Serve’s planned fleet expansion across multiple U.S. markets by the end of 2025. Also within robotics, we won deals with two of the world's leading mapping companies to improve how their billions of users explore the world. These customers are expanding their REV7 deployments to refresh and upgrade their mapping fleets with increased range, accuracy, and precision. REV7 took mapping to a whole new level at the Paris Olympics, where fans engaged in new immersive experiences that brought them closer to the games. Reflecting our focus on software solutions, software attached sales were a highlight in the quarter as we won deals to power perimeter security, intelligent transportation systems, and crowd analytics. With Ouster Gemini, our customers are able to detect and classify objects, conduct real-time tracking, protect secure zones, and automate alerts for security threats. Compared to traditional security solutions, Gemini can significantly decrease false alarms, reduce labor constraints, and enhance intrusion detection capabilities in a wide range of environmental conditions. I am excited about the additional software opportunities we have in the pipeline for the second half of 2024. Touching on the current demand environment more broadly, we are encouraged to see expanding deployments with existing customers, as well as evaluation projects with new customers. Consistent with broader macroeconomic and industry trends, we have also seen some customer schedules pushed to the right. Despite these schedule changes, which may soften near-term growth, we expect our strong margin and operating expense performance to keep us on track to deliver on our path to profitability. Turning to our strategic business priorities for 2024. Our first priority is to expand software sales and grow our installed base. In the second quarter, we secured deals to supply Ouster Gemini, our smart infrastructure software solution to one of the world's largest consumer technology companies, as well as a global telecommunications company. During the quarter, our software team also improved movement detection for security customers, optimized software processing requirements, and enhanced our deep learning perception model to support new use cases, which is identifying unauthorized individuals tailgating into restricted areas. The second quarter also marked one of our best quarters for software attached sales. We increased our deployments at distribution yards as Gemini and REV7 are helping drive the immediate ROI for our customers, in addition to providing safety and operational optimization. We signed Gemini deals for multiple other use cases such as material handling, crowd analytics, and perimeter security applications. Turning to our digital lidar hardware roadmap, we have tapped out our automotive grade custom silicon Chronos chip and expect to integrate Chronos into our solid state digital flash DS sensors in the next year. Concurrently, we advance the development of our next generation custom silicon for our OS sensors, the L4 chip. The L4 silicon is back from FAB, and validation testing is underway. Both Chronos and L4 are expected to open up new verticals and bring significant improvements in performance, reliability, and manufacturability to the Ouster product family. Finally, our second quarter results demonstrate solid execution and progress on our path to profitability. Our gross margins are now approaching the range provided in our long-term financial framework, and we have maintained a low-cost structure while achieving significant year-over-year revenue growth. We remain on track to deliver the financial metrics necessary to reach profitability. In summary, the second quarter showcased our execution and progress on all three of our strategic business objectives. I'll now turn the call over to our CFO Mark Weinswig to provide more context on our financial results for the second quarter.

Thank you Angus and good afternoon everyone. In the second quarter, we recognized a record $27 million in revenue, shipping over 4,000 sensors. Revenue increased 39% over the second quarter of 2023 and 4% over the first quarter of 2024. The Smart Infrastructure vertical was the largest contributor to revenue followed closely by robotics. Since launching our software solutions in the first quarter of 2023, Smart Infrastructure has been our fastest growing vertical and this quarter comprised roughly one-third of total revenues. Our gross margin improvement over the past 18 months is a key highlight for Ouster. Second quarter gross margin set record levels both on a GAAP and non-GAAP basis. GAAP gross margin was 34% in the second quarter of 2024, compared to negative 2% in the first quarter of 2023 and is nearing the range provided in our long-term framework of 35% to 40%. Non-GAAP gross margin improved to 40% in the second quarter. Gross margin benefited from further adoption of our high-performing REV7 sensors, favorable product mix, and lower manufacturing costs. We see a slight normalization of these factors and expect our margins to be relatively flat sequentially. I am proud of our progress in expanding gross margins since the merger. The strong performance illustrates our ability to drive revenue growth while at the same time significantly reducing overhead costs and streamlining our manufacturing operations. In addition, we have simultaneously reduced our inventory levels by almost $10 million, increasing our working capital efficiency. GAAP operating expenses of $34 million were lower by 72% year-over-year and up 3% sequentially. The sequential increase was driven by higher stock-based compensation and increased litigation expenses. We expect operating expenses to fluctuate on a quarterly basis, largely due to the timing of R&D project spending and litigation activities, and should remain at or below third quarter 2023 levels. Moving to the balance sheet. Our balance sheet is industry leading with cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term investments of $186 million at June 30. During the second quarter, we received approximately $16 million from ATM sales. In August, consistent with our strategy to improve our capital structure, we utilized $44 million of cash to fully repay the outstanding balance on our revolving credit line. This action further strengthens our financial position and provides Ouster with a resilient balance sheet. Now moving to guidance. For the third quarter, we expect to achieve between $27 million and $29 million of revenue. We anticipate steady sequential revenue growth for the remainder of the year.

Thanks, Mark. The Ouster team delivered solid execution in the second quarter. This is now the fifth straight quarter of expanding margins and increasing revenue. Non-GAAP gross margins reached 40% for the first time in our history. We had one of the best quarters for software attached sales, added new features to our software product portfolio, and both of our next generation custom silicon chips are progressing. Ouster stands out as a fundamentally differentiated lidar company that is shaped by our exceptional employees, customers, and technology. We are relentlessly focused on building the highest quality products and providing best-in-class support to help solve our customers' cutting-edge challenges. I'm excited to see the use cases for lidar expand as the world is automating to solve an ever increasing number of modern challenges. Whether it's industrial companies delivering more efficiency or cities deploying technology for safer roads, Ouster’s digital lidar is increasingly the center of choice. With lidar adoption still in its infancy, we are just beginning to tap into our growth and I see a tremendous opportunity still in front of us. With that, I'd like to open the call for a Q&A.

Your first question comes from Kevin Cassidy with Rosenblatt Securities. Your line is open.

Hi. Yes, thanks for taking my question. And congratulations on the great results. Yes, moving up to 40% gross margin is quite an accomplishment. And I just want to understand some of the moving parts in doing that? Is it the unit volumes that are up and costs maybe coming down with that, or is it because you're selling more software and maybe you can give a ranking of which one affected the gross margins the most?

Yes, thanks for the question, Kevin. We're very proud of the gross margins. Definitely one of the highlights of really the past year. But over the past 18 months, we took significant actions. We moved more product to our contract manufacturer. We took costs out of the business. We shut down facilities. And those actions and the revenue growth and the product mix shift have allowed us to really see a significant increase in our overall gross margins. You know, we provided the long-term framework of between 35% and 40% in terms of a growth margin target, and we're right now knocking at the door of being able to hit those levels.

Great. And maybe to understand the software strategy a little more. You're selling it as an attached feature now and getting an extra price, I would think. And other maintenance contracts along with that, do you have a long-term where you continually update the software for your customers?

Yes, that's a great follow-up question, and it ties closely to the gross margins as well. The software strategy we've implemented, which focuses on increasing software-attached sales through our solutions business, is beginning to yield positive results. We achieved a record revenue quarter for software attached sales, meaning customers are purchasing both hardware and software from Ouster. This success hasn’t come overnight; we have invested in Gemini and Blue City for over two years, with significant investments last year focused on integrating these products post-merger into a unified software stack. We're seeing encouraging responses from customers. For instance, Blue City has customers transitioning from the pilot stage to real deployments in municipalities, potentially enhancing safety and reducing congestion in our communities. We're genuinely excited about this adoption gaining traction and translating into substantial revenue and improved gross margins. About a third of our revenue this quarter originated from the smart infrastructure vertical, where we specifically sell software solutions. This is creating a positive cycle of success in that vertical, supporting our gross margin growth.

Thank you. I'll go back in the queue.

Your next question comes from the line of Kevin Garrigan with WestPark Capital. Your line is open.

Yes, hey Angus, hey Mark. Let me echo my congrats on the progress. Hey Angus, you know some contracts that were pushed to the right at some of your customers. Kind of a two-part question. Do you guys have agreements with customers that are non-cancellable? And then what end markets do you see the pushouts in?

Yes, so just to answer that. So we absolutely have contracts that are non-cancellable with customers. That's the bookings. The definition of a booking is a non-cancellable PO or contract that we have in hand. And in last year, we had a great bookings year, book-to-bill ratio of 1.7 times. So significant customers, significant number of customers are under contract with Ouster, which gives us a lot of confidence in the long-term kind of view of the top customers of Ouster. And so overall, I mean to the question of where are we seeing slowdown or expansion, I really want to step back and stress how positive the outlook is for Ouster's business across each one of our verticals. All we see is growth in the future for Ouster. We have created a flywheel across four key industries and each one of those industries is adopting more automation, more digital lidar sensors from Ouster and building stronger ties and more mature business models. To give some examples, you know, Serve Robotics we mentioned in the call, that's a customer we've been working with for over five years. They've been at smaller pilot stage for a long time and now they've made the leap to a 2,000 unit expansion of their business. That's a novel business model. Last mile delivery starting in LA and 2,000 units is nothing to sniff at. That's bigger than Waymo's deployment in any city in the U.S. So we're seeing customers like that in novel domains like robotics expanding, but we're also seeing customers moving out of pilot stage or development stage with some of our software solutions. So Blue City, I mentioned municipalities now talking about tens or hundreds of intersections being deployed with the technology where we've been in the pilot stage across you know hundreds of different sites in the last couple years. Same thing true for Gemini solution. We now have customers that are using Gemini as a core part of their business, driving cost savings for logistics players, security, providing security at sites. So yes, I really want to stress overall, Ouster, what we see is growth in our future, obviously, we're guiding up for next quarter. And we're committed to the long-term model that we provided with 30% to 50% growth annually on a path to profitability.

I appreciate the information. As a follow-up to Kevin's software question, it seems that in this quarter you have signed significantly larger customers. Looking at your pipeline, do you have any other large companies in it, and are any close to signing? What actions can you take to secure these deals?

Yes, so the software attached sale is a key part of Ouster's strategy. We outlined that at the beginning of the year. And it's really focused on the smart infrastructure vertical. And we have two products there, Blue City for traffic management and then Gemini as a crowd analytics, a more generalized solution for crowd analytics, logistics and security. And this is the first year that we really had a significant go to market strategy with a mature product. And already, you know, we're at a point where a third of our revenue this quarter with software attached sales, or excuse me, was from the Smart Infrastructure Vertical, and we had a record quarter for software attached sales in the quarter. And this is just the beginning. I think that there's potential for us to have the majority of our sales within the smart infrastructure vertical be software attached. Again, these products have been out for, you know, in many cases under a year. And we're adding to these products all the time. So the difference with hardware and software is we're able to incorporate new features, address customer demand, and drive value at a faster cadence with this customer base, because it's software we can deliver over the air versus shipping new hardware and developing new hardware on a longer time frame. So I think there's big things to come here and we're going to continue to give insights into how customers are adopting this as the year goes on.

Okay, perfect. I appreciate the color. Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Richard Shannon with Craig-Hallum. Your line is open.

Well, hi, Angus and Mark. Thanks for taking my questions. I'm going to follow-up on one that was asked earlier. I think it was different perspectives, the response. I just want to be more specific here. And Angus, you talked about some delays and push outs you're seeing here, which is not a surprise. And we've heard from other companies that are reporting so far this season here. Maybe you can characterize where you're seeing that by industry, by geography, and then maybe as a corollary or a follow on to that, Mark, comments about what this might be for the fourth quarter. I didn't catch the specific language, but it made it sound like you're expecting kind of a flattish revenue in the fourth quarter versus the third? Just want to verify what that means?

Yes. So Richard, I'll go first just because I want to make sure that I don't, that any words I said are not mischaracterized at all. So what my comments were is that we do anticipate steady sequential revenue growth for the remainder of the year. And as Angus mentioned, we are going to grow. We are continuing to grow. It's our focus to grow. We've got a very strong book of business. And you should expect that we are going to grow within the framework that we put together, which is the 35% to 50% annual revenue growth.

Yes. And then on the question on push out by industry, you know, the nature of having hundreds of customers and being a diversified business is there really isn't a single industry where there's a trend of push-ups. We have a certain fraction of customers that always delay. That's the nature of adopting new complex technology. And there's nothing wrong with that if you've built a business that incorporates that reality and is resilient to it. And actually, I view that delay, when you go and look at the customer survey, the customers that are delaying, and again, it really is broad based across our industries. The common thread is that the delay is coming from technical development of their total solution. And that means software. That means software integration, validation. And so it really is an opportunity for Ouster to go and build more of those solutions across our verticals. And so we started in the smart infrastructure vertical, building total solutions. And as a result, we don't have delays of that nature for our software attached sales for the customers in that domain. And so I think that there's an immense capacity to start building out solutions that address these challenging technical problems, software and hardware working in concert, complex AI technology that's safety critical and industrial or robotics or automotive and building that software and expanding our revenue base as a result and also speeding time to market for the tail of customers that's struggling with that kind of technology. So hopefully that gives you some color. This is really not an industry by industry trend at all. It's a nature of having hundreds of customers and having a diversified business.

Okay, and I apologize. I may have misinterpreted your initial comments, which you're not interpreting this push-out anyway to any macroeconomic activity, but delays in complex technical developments. Is that accurate, Angus?

There will always be some level of macroeconomics that plays with some of our customers, but Ouster is expecting to grow. We got it up, we're expecting to have growth through the end of the year and continue to grow in line with our long-term model. So I don't want you to have the wrong takeaway here. We see nothing but up and to the right for the revenue at Ouster.

Okay, great. Thanks for correcting my misinterpretation there. My second question here, I guess I'll pull up on the software topic in response to the last question. Within the smart infrastructure space, seeing a majority of your hardware sales being software attached. It sounded like a forward-looking comment, as opposed to something you're seeing here now or expecting in the near future, but maybe you can expand on this. And help us maybe think about, you know, maybe with just within the smart infrastructure space, is there visibility into 10%, 25% of that vertical being software driven at some point?

I misspoke during my previous response, so let me clarify. This quarter, about a third of our revenue came from the Smart Infrastructure Vertical, and we achieved record sales in software-attached revenue. We primarily sell software related to smart infrastructure. This quarter showed strong performance in smart infrastructure both in software-attached sales and overall. If you look back at my comments from late last year and early this year, software-attached sales were below 20% of our revenue for a couple of quarters, but I emphasized the potential for us to grow faster in the smart infrastructure vertical compared to others. There are two main reasons for this: first, we are developing total solutions in-house, which helps us avoid complications with customer integrations. Second, the verticals we are targeting are substantial. For example, the IPS traffic solutions industry is worth billions globally, with 150,000 signalized intersections in the United States alone. Similarly, the security industry, including hardware and video management solutions, is also worth tens of billions, with hundreds of millions of cameras sold annually. We are entering significant markets with our comprehensive software and hardware solutions, so I believe the smart infrastructure vertical has the potential to surpass our other verticals and represent a larger share over time. Internally, we aim for most of our sales in this area to be software-attached, reflecting the nature of our products. I see solutions like Gemini and Blue City addressing most use cases within the smart infrastructure vertical.

Got it. Okay, great perspective there at the Angus. That's all from me. I'll jump in line. Thanks.

Thanks, Richard.

Your next question comes from the line of Itay Michaeli with Citi. Your line is open.

Great. Thanks. Hi, everybody. Just two questions. First, on gross margin, with 40% non-GAAP this quarter, and I think Angus, you mentioning the opportunity ahead, the increase of software-attached sales, it won't prevent upside over time to the 35% to 40% range you provided and if you do see some upside, could there be an opportunity for the company to even invest some of that back into price to drive volume? And just secondly, maybe for Mark, I was hoping you could expand a bit more on the decision to pay down the revolver in Q3 and kind of what went behind that decision? Thank you.

Thanks for the questions, Itay. Great to hear from you. So just moving first to the gross margin side, we're very, very happy by the performance this quarter. We did have a couple of tailwinds that impacted us. We saw strong revenue growth. We had a favorable product mix. We saw lower cost. We've guided or we've noted that we have this long-term framework of 35% to 40%. You know, we've not made any changes to that. As we see more of the business move to potentially higher margin verticals, we may update that in the future at this point. We're sticking with kind of that framework that we've laid out.

Yes, the question being kind of on investing some of that margin back into volume with certain customers. You know I think that that's an apt observation in question. There's certainly a set of customers that we could invest in per se if we see a major volume opportunity. And I think that, that's built into, to some degree, our long-term model. I do want to make it clear we're committed to the 35% to 40% margins. Now where we end up in that regime could be determined by how much we are investing in a particular vertical that might need a different type of pricing in order to reach an order of magnitude more scale. We're certainly in a position with the balance sheet we have and the progress we've made to move aggressively in a couple of directions if that makes sense for the business and for the long-term profitability of the business.

And then moving over to the balance sheet and the decision to pay down the debt that we had outstanding, the $45 million of debt. Part of the business, which might not be as flashy, but which I really enjoy, is looking at the balance sheet, focusing on efficiency and working capital management. Over the last year, year and a half, we've lowered our DSOs by 60%. We've reduced our inventory by $10 million, increasing our inventory turns to X, significantly reduced the cash conversion cycle. So every one of our working capital metrics just looking very, very positive. That along with the fact that we had a very strong ending cash amount of about $186 million as of the end of June, it gave us the confidence to be able to pay down that debt, so that we have what we believe is the most resilient balance sheet of anybody in the industry. We think that's a competitive advantage.

Terrific. That's all very helpful. Thank you.

And your next question comes from the line of Kevin Cassidy with Rosenblatt Securities. Your line is open.

Yes, thanks for letting me ask a follow-up question. You know, the L4 coming out, when you came out with REV7, it was a real game changer and you're still benefiting from that? What do you think with L4? Are you addressing higher end markets or different markets with that? Or do you expect this to be more or less a cannibalization of the current product?

Yes, thanks for the question. I was waiting for a product question. The promise here is that our products are going to continue to be exponentially better based on the Moore's law improvements in the underlying semiconductor technologies. And we've seen that across multiple generations of chips, most recently with the L3 chip doubling the range of all of our products, just by swapping out that silicon. So our customers can expect to benefit from continued exponential improvement in our products. L4 is going to deliver on that promise again. And but it's not just about producing higher-end products. We can also simultaneously reduce costs in the system by absorbing even more complexity of the system onto the silicon chips. And that applies to the L4, but also to the Chronos chip which you know notably is taped out and will be coming back for incorporation into the DS sensors. So the promise of digital lidar and the silicon-based roadmap that Ouster has is continuing with both the L4 and the Chronos, and customers will benefit immensely from improvements in performance features and affordability as a result of that investment.

Okay, great. Thanks for that clarification.

There are no further questions at this time, so I will hand it back over to Mr. Pacala for closing remarks.

Great. Well, I want to thank the Ouster team for another great quarter, and thank everyone for joining the call, and hope everyone has a great evening. Cheers.

Thank you. This does conclude today's conference call. You may now disconnect.