Good day, and welcome to the Precision Optics Third Quarter Fiscal Year 2025 Financial Results Conference Call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Robert Blum with Lytham Partners. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator, and to everyone joining the call today. As the operator mentioned, on today's call, we will discuss Precision Optics' third quarter fiscal year 2025 financial results, and this is for the period ended March 31, 2025. With us on the call representing the company today are Dr. Joe Forkey, Precision Optics' Chief Executive Officer, and Wayne Coll, the Company's Chief Financial Officer. At the conclusion of today's prepared remarks, we will open the call for a question and answer session. As the operator indicated, if you dialed through the traditional teleconference line, please press star, then one to ask a question. If you are listening through the webcast portal and would like to ask a question, you can submit your question through the ask a question feature in the webcast player. Before we begin with prepared remarks, we submit for the record the following statement. Statements made by the management team of Precision Optics during the course of this conference call may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act 1933 as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act 1934 as amended, and such forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements describe future expectations, plans, results, or strategies, and are generally preceded by words such as may, future, plan or planned, will or should, expected, anticipates, draft, eventually, or projected. Listeners are cautioned that such statements are subject to a multitude of risks and uncertainties that could cause future circumstances, events, or results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements, including the risk that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors and other risks identified in the company's filings with the Securities Exchange Commission. All forward-looking statements contained during this conference call speak only of the date on which they are made and are based on management's assumptions and estimates as of such date. The company does not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as the result of the receipt of new information, the occurrence of future events, or otherwise. With that said, let me turn the call over to Dr. Joe Forkey, Chief Executive Officer, Precision Optics. Joe, please proceed.

Thank you, Robert, and thank you all for joining our call today. Let's start right at the top with the challenges we encountered during the quarter in some of our production programs that led to significantly lower revenue and margins than we expected. Having rolled out a number of programs from product development into rapidly ramping production over the last 12 months, we sometimes discover process, fixture, or personnel limitations that can result in low yield, delivery delays, and reduced efficiency. These types of issues resulted in lower shipments than planned this quarter, underutilization of resources, greater scrap, and substantial negative adjusted EBITDA. There were also the indirect impacts of management's time and attention and direction of engineering resources to support the production line in addressing these issues. While we are disappointed by these results for the quarter, our confidence and excitement for the future remain undiminished. We have made significant progress on resolving the third quarter issues, and we have the largest production backlog in over 20 years. With a positive response to the launch of our Unity platform in Q3, we believe the underlying fundamentals of our strategy for business growth remain strong, and we look forward to recovering that growth in Q4 and beyond. Today, I'll focus my remarks on the following items. First, the operational challenges we face in Q3. Second, how we resolve these challenges. Third, the exciting sales pipeline we see as we look forward. Fourth, the Unity program rollout. And finally, our two new Board members. One of the major programs driving our production growth is the single-use cystoscope. In mid-January, daily yields on this product line dropped precipitously to less than 50%. This is well below our historical and expected yields of around 90%. As a result, we stopped manufacturing while we performed a root cause investigation. By mid-February, we had identified the source of the low yields, made corrections, and restarted production. The restart was successful, but the ramp back to previous unit production levels took longer than we anticipated, mainly due to challenges we experienced in recruiting, retaining, and training adequate numbers of assembly technicians, particularly for a second shift. While POC has manufactured products for many years, the particular requirements associated with running higher volume lines with multiple shifts led to some challenges that we had to overcome. The good news is that we have made significant progress, both in improving production yield and in staffing both the first and second shifts. And while we continue to improve in both of these areas, the endoscope line throughput is currently double what it was before the shutdown, and we expect this line to contribute significantly more revenue in Q4 than it did in Q3. Moreover, the customer for this product was supportive of the yield analysis we performed and solutions we implemented, and has now asked us to expand our output further by adding a second production line, which we expect to begin producing products in the first half of fiscal 2026. The result of production challenges like this and the distraction of engineering resources away from product development work to resolve these issues resulted in a shortfall of approximately $600,000 in Q3. Separately, and incrementally, about $300,000 of product development revenue was pushed out of Q3 due to a customer-imposed delay in one program and a single delayed milestone which will be delivered in Q4 in one other project. Despite these issues, overall systems production revenue, which includes products launched in the last year as well as some legacy products, continued its upward growth, increasing over 20% quarter over quarter and more than doubling year over year. We had expected greater growth in the quarter, but our confidence and excitement for the future remain undiminished and the demand remains unchanged. We have made significant progress resolving third quarter issues, and we have a large production backlog dominated by products for customers who will take delivery as fast as we can build. The underlying fundamentals of our strategy are robust, and we look forward to posting solid revenue growth in Q4 and beyond. Production levels from our aerospace program, in particular, have continued to ramp, as anticipated, from approximately $300,000 in Q1 to $600,000 in Q2 to just under $900,000 in Q3. Near the end of Q3, we doubled the line capacity by expanding our ISO Class 7 clean room and building additional tools and fixtures. We expect production for this program to set another new record in the fourth quarter as we strive to double output quarter over quarter. In April, after many months of negotiation, we finalized the main purchase agreement, which will govern our ongoing manufacturing work with this customer. The agreement highlights the commitment between the companies to expand production of this product that leverages POC's proprietary manufacturing technology. Under the terms of the new agreement, the customer has agreed to minimum annual purchase commitments of nearly $4 million for 2025 and 2026. This commitment, along with the backlog greater than $6 million today, provides us with a level of predictability and visibility to our growing production schedule, which will help us better forecast and execute production revenue. In Q3, we also started production of two additional programs transitioning from product development. One is our second single-use program to go into production, a micro endoscope used for an ophthalmic procedure, and the second is a complex subassembly used for retinal imaging. Each of these programs is now running at a $100,000 to $200,000 per quarter level. Finally, there are still many product development programs that continue to move forward, which meet our standard benchmarks for production revenue potential. In particular, a couple of programs that were delayed due to work our customers needed to do before continuing their work for us have now started to move forward again. A good example of this is a program that uses a very small single-use endoscope for a specialty arthroscopic procedure that has been on hold for over a year as our customer evaluated updates and market conditions before deciding to move forward. Earlier this month, we received a purchase order to complete product validation, and we now expect this project to move to production near the end of calendar 2025. The single-use ophthalmic endoscope that started production in the third quarter and the single-use arthroscope that just restarted in our product development pipeline, along with our single-use cystoscope already in production, all represent good examples of the way POC's unique capabilities in micro-optics and CMOS-based digital imaging are enabling next-generation endoscopic systems that support the fast-growing single-use endoscope market. As we've discussed on recent calls, this segment of the endoscope market is growing at annual rates estimated to be as high as 20% and is being driven by the lower cost and superior performance of these scopes. The lower cost comes from the use of photolithography computer chip technology to fabricate CMOS sensors, combined with the positioning of the CMOS sensor at the distal tip of an endoscope. This eliminates the high-cost elements in more traditional endoscopes required to carry the image from the distal to proximal ends of the endoscope. Along with lower cost, the CMOS-based scopes generally have better image quality than those based on older imaging technologies. With single-use endoscopes, surgeons always get brand-new scope image quality. Hospitals don't need to track scopes through reprocessing procedures, and perhaps most importantly, the possibility of cross-contamination from one patient to another is eliminated. Now that CMOS sensors have been available for medical devices for a number of years, and with early adopters demonstrating that single-use endoscopes are technically, clinically, and economically viable, the entire endoscope market is moving in this direction. With POC's long-term strategic focus on developing technology, infrastructure, and partnerships, particularly with OmniVision, a market leader in producing CMOS sensors, we are well-positioned to become the supplier of choice for digital endoscopes, and more specifically, for single-use endoscopes. Our Unity platform, which we launched in late January, further aligns our offerings to this target market. As we discussed at length in our last call, the Unity platform is designed to utilize standard baseline designs with a library of modular subsystems that can be quickly updated and customized to satisfy specific customer product requirements. At a high level, Unity is expected to revolutionize the way new endoscopic systems are developed by combining the best technology with the best design process. This approach reduces risk, cost, and most importantly, time to market. The response to the launch of Unity at shows in late January and early February, along with the demonstration exhibit and session presentation at the device talk show in May, has been very positive. We have seen a steady increase in website traffic flow, with April levels more than 15% greater than January, and today we are in active discussions with five potential customers motivated by their interest in Unity. This response bolsters our confidence that Unity will help us bring new programs into our development pipeline in the near term. Before I turn the call over to Wayne, I want to make a couple comments on the recent changes to our Board. I want to start by thanking and acknowledging Dr. Richard Miles for his dedication to POC. Rick retired from the board in March after serving as a director for nearly 20 years. During that time, he has been a steadfast supporter and contributor to POC. Peter Anania, who joined us following the acquisition of Lighthouse Imaging in 2021, also retired from the Board in March. He was a great resource of experience and advice and has been a strong contributor during his entire time on the Board. We are fortunate to have two highly respected individuals with great experience in areas relevant to POC's current operations joining our Board, Buell Duncan and JJ Pellegrino. Many of you may know JJ from his role as CFO at LeMaitre Vascular, a NASDAQ-listed company in the medical space. JJ's record of success in helping to build a company from early beginnings to significant scale and shareholder appreciation are directly relevant to Precision Optics, especially since much of LeMaitre's growth was driven by scaling production of medical devices in Massachusetts facilities. Similarly, Buell Duncan brings decades of executive leadership and strategic expertise, further strengthening our commitment to innovation and growth, having been a marketing and general management executive at IBM for nearly three decades. Buell's experience building and leading sales and marketing teams, and in general corporate management, will be valuable to us as we work to capitalize on sizable market opportunities. With that, let me turn it over to Wayne to review the financials in more detail. I will then provide some closing comments and open the call to questions.

Thank you, Joe. Let me expand on some of Joe's comments on the financial results, starting with revenue. For the third quarter, revenue was $4.2 million, compared to $5.2 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2024. Breaking it down, production revenue was $3.2 million, compared to $3 million in the year-ago quarter, while engineering revenue was $924,000, compared to $2.3 million in the year-ago quarter. As Joe mentioned, low yields forced us to pause production of our single-use cystoscope, resulting in unplanned increases in non-billable, sustaining engineering activities to support manufacturing-scale programs and conduct a root cause analysis. Our efforts, while ultimately successful, consumed engineering time and resources in these non-billable activities. With the launch of our Unity platform, a customizable solution that encompasses our design approach, and the interest generated by our presentations at three of the four major trade shows we will attend this year, we've seen the pace of engineering pipeline opportunities increasing. We also recognize the comparative impact of the full absorption of our engineering team's efforts to bring the single-use cystoscopy product to launch when we compare current results to the year-ago quarter. We expect to finish our fiscal year strongly with $6 million in sales in the next quarter. Our backlog and demand for production remains strong, driven by the aerospace and single-use programs. Turning to gross margin, for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, gross margins were 10% compared to 35% in the year-ago third quarter. As we mentioned, the low yields and one-month shutdown of the line and the under absorption of engineering resources were contributing factors here. We expect gross margin to recover as manufacturing continues to scale and revenues increase, particularly in the fourth quarter. We increased R&D spending in the quarter from $193,000 to $211,000 compared to the quarter ending March 31, 2024. R&D spending in the current fiscal year increased $302,000 to $930,000 compared to $627,000 during the nine months ending March 31, 2024, primarily due to our investment in Unity. Selling general and administrative expenses, or SG&A, increased $321,000 to $2.2 million during the three months ending March 31, 2025, compared to $1.9 million during the three months ending March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to increased personnel costs, primarily stock-based compensation and recruiting expenses. Similarly, SG&A spending in the current fiscal year increased $357,000 to $5.9 million compared to $5.5 million during the nine months ending March 31, 2024. As a result of the lower revenue and associated lower gross profit, our net loss was $2.1 million for the quarter compared to a $317,000 net loss for the same quarter last year. Adjusted EBITDA, which excludes stock-based compensation, interest expense, depreciation and amortization, was negative $1.3 million in the third quarter of 2025, compared to a positive adjusted EBITDA of $52,000 in the same quarter last year. Cash at the end of March was in excess of $2.5 million. During the quarter, we raised approximately $5 million, paid down our revolving line of credit, and deployed working capital. I will now turn the call back over to Joe for some final comments.

Thank you, Wayne. Let me finish by summarizing a few key points. We were certainly frustrated by the impact of lower production yields on the single-use cystoscope and other production programs in the third quarter, but we believe we have corrected the root cause of these issues and are on a pathway to optimal production operations. Our confidence in correcting and achieving optimal yields is based in large part on our success getting through similar issues in our aerospace program, which is now running at 95% yield and continues to grow. Our backlog remains strong, our customer relationships remain strong, and our pipeline opportunities are expanding due to the introduction of Unity. Overall, we expect Q4 revenues to grow significantly from Q3 levels. As discussed, there is demand for as many units as we can produce from key production programs. So, while the path to reaching $6 million in quarterly revenue based on increasing production volume has been bumpier than we anticipated, we are still confident we will reach this milestone in Q4 and that this will be an inflection point leading to positive adjusted EBITDA. One final note before we take questions. We will be at the Medical Design and Manufacturing Exhibit in New York City next week, and I would welcome an opportunity to meet with those of you in the area. Please contact Robert if you'd like to set up a time to meet. To all of you on the call, I thank you for your continued support of Precision Optics. We'd be happy to take questions at this time.

The first question will come from Hristo Valchovski, Investor. Please go ahead.

Hello. Just to be clear, are you saying that you had engineering clients lined up and you just couldn't collect revenue because you had to use your engineers to fix the prediction issue?

That was part of the problem, yes.

Okay, so now that it is fixed, you'll be able to collect engineering fees as well as production fees?

Correct. Just to be clear, it's not just about collection. It's about the execution. We used some of the engineers to work on the issues we had on the production line, so they were unable to work on billable projects that we could have collected on. That's correct.

Okay. It's nice to hear this about your win for the military customer. Is that a program that might continue after 2026? Do you see it as a long-term $1 million per quarter thing or will it be just done?

Yes. This is for the aerospace program where they've committed to the $4 million per year. All indications from them and given what we know about the program is that it's likely to continue well beyond 2026. That was simply the timeframe that they were willing to commit to as part of the negotiation, but I have every expectation that it will continue much beyond that. Similarly, the numbers that we reported, the nearly $4 million a year, are the minimum order levels. And already, you can see from the backlog that we have today that they have been ordering at a higher rate than that. So our hope and expectation is that the order rates will be higher and that they will continue beyond 2026.

Your backlog. You said that you had $6 million from that program in your backlog. Are you saying that you only count backlog for one year ahead?

No. That's the total backlog for that customer, but we do believe we can work through that backlog within 12 months.

I see. Okay. That's good news. That endoscope program, did you have any contractual problems because of the production delay? Are you okay on the contract? Is there a risk of them getting a second supplier or anything like that?

So, we are okay on the contract. This is a customer that we have a very good relationship with. And so they were involved while we were dealing with the shutdown of the line. They had some engineers here. They were collaborating with us. We were working together. Of course, they were disappointed that we weren't satisfying the delivery rates that they would like, but they're very cooperative and very supportive, even to the point where, as I mentioned in my comments, but I went through it quickly, they gave us an order to stand up a second production line actually in the midst of all of this happening, I think because they saw the way that we were dealing with the issue and the way that we were resolving it. To answer your question fully, the question of having a second supplier, there is a mechanism where they can manufacture themselves or have a second supplier, and we're paid a royalty as part of the agreement we have with them. For risk reasons, they've told us that they will likely do that at some point, but it's not because of the issue we had this quarter. As I say, despite having that issue, they've given us a new contract to stand up a second line. This is partly because we're delivering slower than they would like, but more importantly, with the second line, they're looking forward at the fact that their volume demands are going up faster than they anticipated when they gave us the original order a year ago. The short answer to your question is, there's no contract problems, that things are moving forward in a positive way, and the relationship with the customer is very good.

Okay, that's good to hear. I apologize if I missed that during the call. Have you staffed up all your positions, have you fixed that?

I think as of today, we have almost a full complement of assembly techs. We're now at a point where we're looking to have a little bit of extra because we need the line to be running smoothly. We're still looking for a few more people, but our team has done a good job of bringing in the assembly techs that we need. This is why the line is running much better today than it was even a month or so ago.

And when is the second line going to be stood up?

The second line, we expect to start running in the first half of fiscal '26. Sometime in the summer or fall. And we're working to add staff to the existing line now. I just said we're looking for extras. Partly that's to have backup for the line now. It's also to be able to hit the ground running with that second line because we can move people from the first line to the second line when it's ready to go.

Yes, that makes sense. Okay. Just to get you on the record, you expect the current quarter to come in EBITDA positive, so there probably won't be any need for additional stock issues. Is that correct?

That's correct.

Okay. Well, that's it for me. Thanks. Good luck, and congratulations on all your customer wins.

Thanks, and thanks for all those questions.

The next question will come from Mr. Rick Keller, Investor. Please go ahead.

Yes. Hi, Joe. I have a question about the development of the Unity line. Basically, you're taking your engineers, and instead of them working, designing custom work for customers, you're having them develop this standardized production line, various components and whatnot that they can mix and match and put together modularly, you might say. That means there are engineers that instead of bringing in money as they're paid to do work for customers, you're having to pay them, and that shows up in your R&D spending. How long and how heavy will those expenses be until you can say, well, we've got the basics of the Unity line all developed, and from here on out, other than some little tweaks and changes as components change and technology changes, we don't have to spend much more time on the basic line. All the engineers can go back customizing work for clients. Is this going to be a couple of years or a couple of quarters, and are we going to see R&D jump way, way up or more modest increases?

Yes, that's a great question, Rick. I'll try to answer it clearly. First, we are leveraging the designs and intellectual property we've developed over the years while working on customer programs, always ensuring we retain ownership of that IP. This means we're not starting from scratch, which reduces the time our engineers need to spend to build Unity. Although there's been some uptick in R&D costs, it's not nearly as significant as it would be if we were starting anew. Secondly, we've identified four families of Unity platform projects that we believe the market will gravitate toward, which are detailed on our website. The first three are defined by endoscope size, while the fourth encompasses high precision and ultra-high definition projects. We have essentially completed the first two categories and launched Unity, and while we want to finish the latter two, we have flexibility in how we approach this and when we add more modular components to the initial systems. We treat the Unity program like any other product development initiative, reviewing it monthly with Wayne, our COO, and myself. We assess the availability of engineers to work on Unity in relation to our other revenue-generating projects. Our goal is to address any gaps in our product development needs for specific engineering skills. This will show as an R&D expense, but it helps us manage the overhead from not running a program continuously due to customer demands. In summary, I expect the R&D expenses to remain at a similar level to what we've seen in the last couple of quarters, possibly even slightly lower as we've been ramping up for the Unity launch. There won't be a significant increase, and I foresee it maintaining a steady state over the coming quarters. Does that sound correct, Wayne?

Your last sentence is what I would have said.

One more question regarding Unity. From the perspective of potential customers evaluating options, they might consider designing a product themselves, hiring another independent company, or choosing Unity. If we assume a customer appears a year from now, what would the difference be in time to market between selecting Unity and going with a completely custom design?

Yes, we've looked at that pretty carefully because it's part of what we talk about a lot when we talk with our customers. Because in some sense, this is critically important for them because they always want to get to market as fast as possible. It depends, of course, on how complex the system is and how much it's going to deviate from the Unity platform itself. But generally speaking, we expect that it will accelerate the timeline by 6 to 12 months. Sorry. Yeah, 6 to 12 months. Half a year to a year.

Okay. Good. All right. Thank you.

Thank you, Rick.

All right, Chuck, I'll take over while we wait for any additional callers. We have a couple of questions from the webcast. If you are connected to the webcast, you can submit your question using the Ask a Question feature on the webcast player. Joe, there is a question regarding the facilities. In previous calls, you mentioned a possible need for updated facilities. Can you give us an update on that?

Yes, I'm going to let Wayne take that because he's been working on the leases.

Thanks, Joe. So we operate in three different states. In El Paso, Texas, where we've had facilities down there for a number of years, we've extended our lease recently. That lease was expiring, so we've extended. In Wyndham, Maine, we have a lease that's expiring at the end of July. So we took the opportunity to locate space closer to Portland, where there's a better concentration of engineering talent that will help us as we grow going forward. In Massachusetts, we operate in four different buildings, and at the moment, we're evaluating options for consolidation and expect to make some decisions soon.

Okay, great. Thank you, Wayne. Again, final reminder, if you're dialed in, star then one to ask a question, or on the webcast player, you can type it into the Ask a Question feature there. Perhaps the final question here, gentlemen. Are the tariffs impacting POC's business?

Yes, the tariffs are affecting everyone's business to some degree. However, we are in a growth phase, so our overall growth expectations remain unchanged. While we do source some components from overseas, such as CMOS sensors for our single-use endoscopes and aerospace programs, the value of those components is limited since most of the value lies in the design and manufacturing. The area most impacted by tariffs is our Ross Optical business in El Paso, Texas, which sources most of its components from various suppliers, both domestically and internationally. We are monitoring the situation and have already communicated with our customers about the potential for cost-sharing if tariffs reach extreme levels. Generally, customers have been understanding. We are also actively seeking alternative suppliers. Overall, we do not anticipate the tariffs will significantly hinder our growth plans or the company's performance.

All right. Very good. Joe, Wayne, I am not showing any further questions here. So with that, I'll turn it over to you for any closing remarks.

Thanks, Robert. And thank you, everyone, for joining us on the call today. I look forward to speaking with you soon. Thanks, everyone. Have a good evening.

The conference is now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.