Good morning, and welcome to Townsquare Media's third-quarter 2023 conference call. This call is being recorded, and your participation indicates your consent to the recording. I will now introduce the first speaker for today’s call, Claire Yenicay, Executive Vice President.

Thank you, operator, and good morning to everyone. Thank you for joining us today for Townsquare's third-quarter financial update. With me on the call today are Bill Wilson, our CEO; and Stuart Rosenstein, our CFO and Executive Vice President. Please note that during this call, we may make statements that provide information other than historical information, including statements relating to the company's future expectations, plans, and prospects. These statements are considered forward-looking statements under the safe harbor provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. These statements reflect the company's beliefs based on current conditions that are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including those that are detailed in the company's annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC. We may also discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted EBITDA and adjusted operating income, which we may refer to as profit in our remarks. Such non-GAAP financial measures should be used in conjunction with all the information contained in the quarterly, year-end, and current reports available on our website. I would also encourage all participants to go to our corporate website and download our investor presentation, as Bill will reference some of those slides during our discussion this morning. At this time, I would like to turn the call over to Bill Wilson.

Thank you, Claire, and thank you all for joining us this morning. It's great to reconnect with everyone today. We're very pleased to share with you that our third-quarter results met our previously issued revenue and profit guidance despite the challenging macro environment. After July's promising start to the third quarter, as you are aware, the US advertising industry experienced a slowdown. According to Standard Media Index's US Ad Tracker, the US ad market rose 6.3% in July. However, in August, that growth slowed to 1.2% and in September was up only 0.1%, effectively flat in September. Our performance through the first nine months of this year has helped to demonstrate the efficacy of our digital-first local media strategy and validated our focus on local markets outside of the top 50 US cities. Of particular note is how our business model allowed for industry-leading digital advertising revenue and profit growth for the first nine months of the year, while also generating consistent meaningful cash flow. Townsquare's digital platform sets us apart from others in local media. As highlighted on slide 11, 52% of our total revenue was digital revenue in the first nine months of 2023, more than twice the industry average. Even more impressive is that 57% of our total profit was digital profit in the same period, which represents a healthy 30% profit margin. As anticipated, third-quarter revenue for Townsquare Interactive, our subscription digital marketing solutions offering outlined on slide 13, declined 13% year over year. As I previously shared with you, 2023 is a reset year at Townsquare Interactive. Townsquare Interactive's target clients, generally the smallest of the SMBs with less than 20 employees and less than $5 million in annual revenue, continue to struggle with inflationary and wage pressures, labor shortages, and higher interest rates. All of these factors have contributed to elevated churn rates among our clients' subscriber base and moderately slower sales velocity. And while we have no clear end in sight for these hurdles, we are confident that Townsquare Interactive will return to growth in 2024. We have already begun to see churn begin to moderate from its peak in Q2, and you'll note less subscribers lost in Q3 versus Q2, which we expect will translate to improved revenue and subscriber metrics in 2024. At Townsquare, we always look for the silver lining when faced with challenges in our quest to achieve our internal company motto, 'how high is high?' 2023 represents the first growth challenge we have encountered at Townsquare Interactive. As such, it presented us with an opportunity to step back, examine our operations, assess ourselves, and evaluate all of our processes and procedures. As we mentioned on our last call, we made a number of important changes to optimize and improve our customer service platform, including moving from a one-to-one customer service model to a pooled model and implementing an interactive voice response system as the initial point of contact on customer inbound calls. These changes led to a meaningful increase in call answer rates, enhanced visibility to customer requests and concerns, and improved response times. Those changes, as well as other improvements we have made recently, resulted in Townsquare Interactive's Google business review ranking increasing to over four stars. We believe we have positioned Townsquare Interactive to efficiently scale in 2024 and beyond. We remain incredibly excited about the growth potential for this business. With an addressable market of nearly 9 million target customers, as outlined on slide 14, a superior product offering, a customer service team, and a model built for future growth, along with a significant market opportunity, I am very confident that Townsquare Interactive is geared for long-term profitable growth and success. Although revenue at Townsquare Interactive, as expected, declined 13% in the third quarter, and we expect a similar rate of decline in the fourth quarter. Through careful expense management and thoughtful investment, we are very pleased to share that we were able to maintain a strong 28% profit margin in Q3, in line with Q2's profit margin as well as Q3 2022's profit margins. Our digital advertising solution segment, Ignite, is outlined on slide 12 and has been a key driver of growth. In the third quarter, digital advertising revenue increased approximately 5.5% year over year. Through the first nine months of the year, revenue increased 10%. Our growth in this segment has been due to our differentiated digital solutions, which are often the best and most sophisticated digital advertising products available in our size markets, as well as our focus on local advertisers. Although year-over-year growth rates have slowed from the start of the year, we believe our performance in this segment has held up better than many of our peers because of our limited reliance on national advertising, which has been particularly weak during the advertising slowdown. Third-quarter digital advertising profit growth increased in line with revenue growth of 6% year over year, with third-quarter profit margins in line with prior year margins at approximately 30%. As radio's share of ad spending in the United States continues to decline, along with that of other traditional media, such as TV and print, as noted by S&P Global Research, it highlights our need to maximize our broadcast share while simultaneously driving digital advertising growth through both share gain and share shift. And that's exactly what we're doing. Through the first nine months of the year, our broadcast revenue declined 5% year over year, excluding political. Yet according to Miller Kaplan, our total broadcast share in the markets in which we are measured by Miller Kaplan increased by 50 basis points over the same period, driven by gains in our local broadcast share. Our local broadcast revenue once again meaningfully outperformed our national broadcast revenue in the third quarter, as national broadcast radio advertising was down an anticipated 19% year over year. Because of our focus on local, with only 8% of our total company revenue comprised of national advertising, the steep national advertising decline has had less of an impact on our total results. At the same time that we are gaining broadcast share, we are also experiencing market share gains in our digital business. What truly matters is gaining total market share from our local media competition, including television and cable. And we are keenly focused on that. One of the largest areas of growth in the digital advertising industry today is streaming or connected TV, which also happens to be a strong growth driver of our digital programmatic revenue stream. What is perhaps most encouraging is that we still have a long way to go. According to Burrell Associates, although Townsquare is steadily increasing our digital market share each year, we are still only capturing roughly 14% of the total obtainable digital revenue in our local markets, signifying meaningful upside that we are very confident we can capture. Although in the back half of 2023, advertising overall in the US has slowed down compared to the start of the year, while early, it does appear that advertisers are gearing up for a stronger and better 2024. Our annual customer appreciation sale, which we hold in October and which largely involves placing advertising buys for the year ahead, set an all-time record with orders increasing by 10% over the 2022 sale. That, combined with our confidence that Townsquare Interactive will return to growth in 2024 and the current outlook on strong political spending, solidifies our belief that the pressure to our top and bottom line will be temporary and short-term in nature. One very important characteristic of our business model that we'd like to highlight as often as possible is our significant cash flow generation. Although we have experienced revenue and adjusted EBITDA declines in the first nine months of 2023, we have generated $39 million of cash flow from operations, up an impressive 21% year over year. We ended the third quarter with $38 million of cash on hand, having utilized our cash in the third quarter to repurchase and retire $14 million of bonds at a price below par, repurchase an additional 94,000 shares, as well as make an $18 million interest payment and pay $3 million of dividends to our shareholders. I'm glad to share that our Board of Directors approved our next dividend of $0.1875 per share payable on February 1, which equates to $0.75 per share on an annual basis, which today would be approximately an 8% yield. We remain very confident with our current capitalization and the strength of our balance sheet with $38 million of cash on hand at quarter end, a fixed interest rate of 6.875%, no maturities until 2026, and net leverage of 4.5 times at the end of the third quarter. We are pleased that we can deliver attractive current cash returns for our equity shareholders. And now I'd like to turn the call over to Stu, who will go over our results in even more detail as well as provide you our fourth-quarter guidance. Stu, take it away.

Thank you, Bill, and good morning, everyone. It's great to speak to you today. We are pleased to report that our third-quarter results met our revenue and profit guidance, supported by the continued growth in our digital advertising revenues. We're also very pleased that we continue to effectively deploy capital in the third quarter by repurchasing shares and debt in the open market and announcing our next dividend payments. Third-quarter net revenue declined 4.6% year over year to $115.1 million, which was within our guidance range of $115 million to $117 million. Excluding political, third-quarter net revenue declined 3.8%. Third-quarter adjusted EBITDA declined 12.1% year over year to $27.2 million, which was within our guidance range of $27 million to $28 million. Third-quarter broadcast advertising net revenue decreased in line with expectations with the decline of 8.6% year over year and 7.2% excluding political. Third-quarter broadcast profit margins sequentially improved to 31% as compared to 27% in the second quarter. As Bill shared, 2023 is a reset year for us, and we expect topline and bottom-line growth to return in 2024. In the third quarter, net revenue decreased 12.6% as compared to the prior year, and profit decreased 10.6% year over year. Margins were strong at approximately 28% in the third quarter and in line with the third-quarter 2022 margin. As we have shared previously, we expect margins at Townsquare Interactive to be suppressed in the second half of 2023 as we continue to invest for future growth, given our confidence in our long-term growth prospects and while we ramp the newly opened Phoenix location. Townsquare Ignite, our digital advertising segment, was again a growth driver for the company with net revenue increasing 5.5% year over year in the third quarter and digital advertising profit increasing 6.3% year over year. The segment's profit margin was approximately 30% in the third quarter. Our other category, comprised of live events activity, generated $1.7 million of revenue in the third quarter, an increase of 42.4% year over year and had a small loss of approximately $400,000, a decrease of approximately $150,000 year over year. As a reminder, live events activity should not be viewed as a growth driver or revenue center for Townsquare, but rather a marketing arm for the company. In the third quarter of 2023, we had noncash impairment charges of $31 million, of which $23.6 million were related to our FCC licenses. As I covered on previous calls, given the way that these non-cash impairment charges are mathematically calculated, we expect the value of our FCC licenses to continue to be written down regularly over time. The third-quarter impairment charge was caused by rising interest rates, which caused the discount rate in our calculations to increase by approximately 60 basis points from Q2, as well as decreases in the third-party broadcast revenue forecasts and higher initial capital costs due to rising prices, all of which are inputs in these valuations. These write-downs of the decade-old purchase price calculations have no bearing on our company's cash position, our operating revenue, our operating expenses, our profitability, or the company's future prospects. They are nothing more than non-cash accounting charges affecting only the historically recorded purchase price allocations made when we bought our radio station assets roughly 10 years ago. Our third-quarter net income declined from $2.8 million in 2022 to a net loss of $36.5 million, or $2.27 per share. The decline was largely due to the non-cash impairment charges and a meaningful increase in the income tax provision related to the noncash impairment charges and the impact on the valuation of our deferred tax assets as well as our calculated effective tax rate. Third-quarter adjusted net income, which adds back certain items, including the noncash impairments and adjusts for a normalized tax rate, was approximately flat year over year. We'd like to remind you that any benefit or provision for income taxes included on the face of our income statement is for GAAP financial statement purposes only. We maintain significant tax attributes, including more than $100 million of federal NOL carryforwards and other substantial tax shields related to the tax amortization of our intangible assets. We continue to believe that we will not be a material cash taxpayer until approximately 2026. As Bill highlighted and I would again like to emphasize, we consistently have strong cash flow generation. We generated $39 million of cash flow from operations in the first nine months of 2023. That's up 21% year over year or $7 million, and we ended the quarter with $38 million of cash. At the end of the third quarter, our net leverage was 4.5 times, down slightly year over year. We repurchased $14.2 million of bonds below par during the third quarter at an average price, bringing our year-to-date total bond repurchases to $27.1 million. In addition, we repurchased approximately 94,000 shares in the open market during the third quarter, bringing our year-to-date total share repurchases to 1.7 million shares or $16.6 million at an average price of $9.88 per share. As always, our number one priority is to invest in our local businesses through organic, internal investments that support our revenue and profit growth, particularly in our digital growth engine. We plan to continue to invest in our digital product technology, sales, content, and support teams, specifically in our Townsquare Interactive and Townsquare Ignite businesses in order to maintain our strong competitive advantage in markets outside the top 50 cities. In addition, we are focused on our balance sheet as we begin to prepare for a likely refinancing in late 2024 or early 2025. As Bill mentioned earlier, our Board has approved the dividend payable on February 1 to shareholders of record as of January 2, with a dividend of $0.1875 per share, which equates to $0.75 per share on an annualized basis, implies an annual payment of approximately $12 million based on our current share count and a dividend yield of approximately 8% based on our current share price. We believe our strong cash flow characteristics will allow us to continue to invest in our businesses, supporting the dividend and giving us flexibility to opportunistically pursue debt and share repurchases in the open market. Turning to our fourth-quarter outlook, we expect fourth-quarter net revenue to be between $110.6 million and $112.6 million. We expect fourth-quarter adjusted EBITDA to be between $24.8 million and $25.8 million. This implies that Townsquare's 2023 full-year revenues will be between $450 million and $452 million, and our adjusted EBITDA will be between $100 million and $101 million, both within our original guidance ranges we issued at the beginning of the year. With that, I will now turn the call back over to Bill.

Thank you, Stu, and thank you to everyone who joined us this morning. We greatly appreciate it. I want to close today's call by highlighting what our business model has delivered this year, despite a challenging backdrop of rising interest rates, inflation, and extreme and persistent national advertising weakness. I am proud that despite these challenges, our differentiated digital advertising platform delivered double-digit revenue and profit growth through the first nine months of 2023. Our mature cash cow broadcast advertising platform has and continues to generate a solid profit contributing to our strong cash generation. Our net leverage remains below prior year levels and we have efficiently repurchased both debt and equity this year while maintaining a high yielding dividend, delivering attractive current returns to our shareholders. Our performance this year has reinforced our confidence in our digital-first local media strategy and our deliberate focus on markets outside the top 50 cities in the United States and the long-term profitable growth potential of our digital platforms. Again, thanks to each of you for taking the time to be updated on Townsquare's Q3 results this morning. We greatly appreciate it. Operator, at this time, please open the line for any and all questions.

Our first question is from Michael Kupinski with NOBLE Capital Markets.

Thank you and good morning. I'm sorry for this if there's any background noise. A couple of questions. Can you talk about the tone of the market for your Interactive services in Q4? I was just wondering, are you still discounting at this point?

Hey, good morning, Michael. Great to hear from you. I think the tone of the market in Q4 for Townsquare Interactive, our digital marketing solutions business, is very consistent with Q3. As we shared on the call as well as previous calls, 2023 is definitely a reset year for Townsquare Interactive. We've made a tremendous amount of improvements, I think, to our processes and procedures and added some incremental tools that we believe and are confident will return us to growth in 2024. But as it relates to Q4, I don't see any difference. Quite honestly, from an overall company perspective, when you look at the guidance that Stu provided, Q4 net revenue down, excluding political, negative 5% to negative 6%; Q3 was negative 4%. So we expect pretty much the same type of results in Q4 and an overall tone in the marketplace as we experienced in Q3.

And are you still discounting in Interactive at this point because I know that you were earlier in the year?

We've really cut that back dramatically. To your point, particularly in 2020 and 2021, when these businesses were suffering under different scenarios, we did discount. Part of the logic there was to bridge them to success. They were also receiving PPE money from the government multiple times throughout that two-year period. Right now, the environment is much different. I think we touched on it on the last call. Our interest rates overall in Q3 were actually higher than Q2. The risk of a recession from the experts has come down. But in terms of the operating environment for these small businesses, as you know, Michael, we target businesses for Townsquare Interactive with less than 20 employees, less than $5 million in revenue. So they are the smallest of the small SMBs. We also mentioned that we didn't know what the impact of the student loan payback coming back online after being suspended for so long would be. We have definitely heard that, particularly in the last five to six weeks from our client base, where some of the people who are coming to us with concerns as it relates to their cash flow. So going back to your original question, we are definitely discounting less now because the businesses that are suffering are quite honestly going out of business. It's not like giving them a discount is going to bridge the gap for them. Given the inflationary pressures, the wage pressures, the higher interest rates, and the impact on capital, their businesses are really suffering. That's why we're seeing an elevation in churn historically. I believe Q2 hit the peak of our churn. We're seeing it start to recede in Q3. We cut our subscriber loss from 3,000 in Q2 to 1,650 in Q3, and I expect that will be roughly the same in Q4, going back to your point about tone in the market. Discounting has really been suspended. We do some one-offs where we believe it's the right thing, but I think you'll see our average price point creep up over the next several quarters as a result of that.

And just one more question and I'll get back in the queue. In terms of Phoenix, can you just kind of give us where you are in terms of the business on the West Coast that you were anticipating, or is that prospect still seem in line with your expectations? Just to add a little color on what's going on in Phoenix.

Yeah, no, I'm really pleased with Phoenix. Last time we talked about that, we were approaching 25 to 30 employees. We're now over 30 employees. We're onboarding new salespeople out there. That talent pool was one of the major reasons that we opened the second location — we felt the ability to recruit and hire while we continue to do that in Charlotte, but to add the Phoenix location would be beneficial. So it's still a small team, roughly in the low-30s. In terms of why we opened the market, our prospects for the market are proving to be very beneficial. We think that is one of the reasons that the business will return to growth later in 2024 and really set us up for not only 2024 but '25, '26, and '27. So I'm very pleased with Phoenix, Michael.

Great. I'll get back in queue. Thank you.

And thank you, Michael.

Our next question is from Jim Goss with Barrington Research.

I might kick on a couple of things along the lines Michael was asking. One with regard to Phoenix. Is it providing an offset right now to some of the issues that TSA is facing? Or are there startup costs causing it to delay the beneficial impact?

Hey, Jim, good to hear from you this morning. As it relates to financials, as we've already shared, it takes a new salesperson around a year or 12 months to actually breakeven. Given the ramp-up of hiring — we're primarily right now focusing on hiring salespeople out there. There are some incremental other people on the service side, but primarily it is sales-focused. It is not really — it's actually suppressing our profit margins, and we said that would happen when we announced the rollout of Phoenix at the beginning of the year. I expect that probably to roll off sometime in the back half of next year because we did some hiring in the first half, and a good bunch of hiring in Q3. So I think we'll be hitting that 12-month breakeven point, and you'll see the benefit in the back half of 2024 for that. In general, sales velocity is suppressed in Townsquare Interactive because of the environment I just talked to Michael about, including student loans coming back and higher interest rates and all of those things. So that's kind of where Phoenix sits. As I shared with Michael, I'm just really pleased with the team there and the prospects as we go forward.

And when you're talking about a return to growth in '24, I know it's not going to flip the switch, but what sort of things you think need to happen aside from a couple of items you've just mentioned that to create that better environment and to relaunch the new business establishment or the sort of things that are going to drive the creation of the market you can reach out to at TSA?

Yeah, no, great question, Jim. I expect us to return to growth from a subscriber basis, from revenue, and profit basis in the back half of 2024. I'm not sure if that's Q3 or Q4, but that's my general timeframe and perspective right now. As you know, Jim, with the subscription business, a lot of what transpires over the next six months is predicated on what's happened over the last three to six months. I think the timeframe is Q3, Q4. There are a number of things that we've done internally that I've outlined on this call as well as previous calls. We've also increased some product features, such as now offering a CRM, invoicing for our clients, and enhanced email marketing. We continue to make product improvements. Most importantly, I think our service model is being improved and continues to be. We're building certain tools; some of those are helping us leveraging AI to be smarter. When people are calling in, we have more information at our fingertips to handle their needs. Things like that. I hope that, obviously, we're not in a recession next year and that interest rates start to come down in the back half of next year, but at a minimum, don't continue to increase at the pace they did so far this year. I think outside of one other time in the last 50 years, interest rates raised the most in the last 12-month period than any other period. The good news is that inflation looks like it's starting to come down, and if that continues, I believe it will have a dramatic impact on the smaller businesses that have been so hurt in this environment. I'll turn it back to you, Jim.

Okay. Just a couple of other things. One is that political is a small but important and meaningful category for you. I'm wondering if you think the center there are more options, especially in lone digital lines. If that potentially eats away at some of the political revenues where you see — having you generate and which has been enough to tilt the balance a little bit in your revenue line, especially in the third and fourth quarters?

You're exactly right. Great question. Obviously, we're very much looking forward to next year in political. Again, I think we shared that in 2020, during the last presidential election, it was an all-time high in terms of political revenue. There was a lot of competition from digital and other media, as there is every day, but it's an all-time high. I think, in particular, TV benefited tremendously. But when you look at radio's reach — we don't talk about this on these calls much because we treat radio as a mature cash cow business. But we love radio, and it is the number one reach medium in the United States, reaching 93% of Americans on a weekly basis. When I tell people more people listen to AM/FM radio today than 10 years ago and 20 years ago, they can't believe it. So I expect, if not matching the $16 million, our expectation is a political revenue of $14 million to $16 million next year, coming off of this year being under $3 million. Going back to your main point, Jim, next year is a great opportunity for us in terms of political revenue. The Townsquare rebuild is coming back and growing in the back half of the year. Obviously, our digital advertising has and continues to be differentiated in driving and propelling our growth for the last several years.

Okay. One last one. Just sort of a general thought. The FCC now has the chair and the full complement. Is there anything on the docket that might have any impact for Townsquare?

Yeah. Look, I'm very glad that's transpired. As you know, there was also a recent ruling where they had to do a quadrennial review, which they didn't do. In general, I think people on this call know from prior times, I believe we should be deregulating. The fact that we have caps in general to four FMs and two AMs in our size markets when we're facing competition that is uncapped, be it Spotify or others, I just don't think is appropriate and fair. My expectation is — I don't know when, but I think it's a when question, not an if question. When the FCC starts to recognize the media landscape has tremendously changed in the last 20 years. I mean, it's changing dramatically every few years. To keep the same archaic rules that were in place 20 years ago, I don’t believe that makes sense, and I'm glad the FCC has now had a full firm. I expect, as they review this over time, things will benefit Townsquare, like deregulation. I don't know when that will happen, but I believe it will.

All right. Well, thank you very much for taking my questions.

Our next question is from Michael Kupinski with NOBLE Capital Markets.

Thank you. Just a couple of quick ones. I mean you mentioned connected TV as one of the key categories in Ignite. I was just wondering if you can just talk a little bit about what's driving that performance and then also, is it just more Fast Channel is more connected TVs or just that we're seeing more support, more volume? And then also how much is connected TV related advertising as a percent of total Ignite advertising?

Thank you, Michael. Yeah, we're tremendously excited. For the first time, really in our company's history, we're able to compete head-to-head with television. We couldn't do that even five, six years ago. Getting to your second part of your question, it seems like it's the fastest growing part of our programmatic offering. Obviously, we're competing with great local television providers in our markets who have owned and operated, as well as programmatic. We see a great advantage because we're not favoring anything. We're focused on the audience and the results, and we don't need to think about how we manage our own cable inventory or TV spots because we don't have it. I think it's been very beneficial for us. A big part of Ignite, but in particular, micro connected TV and now creating commercial spots, television spots for our clients, we’ve really beefed up our creative service offering because obviously, historically, we didn't need to create television spots. Now we do. We're starting to use artificial intelligence in that creation as well as in the advertising we do. But for us, the connected TV and producing these TV spots is somewhat new. Ignite is still differentiated. We have this full funnel from reach with radio all the way down to activation. The fact that we can marry this programmatic side of our Ignite digital advertising with large-scale owned and operated websites and mobile apps gives us incredibly valuable first-party data, which allows us to target audiences more effectively than anyone in our size markets. That's the reason our digital advertising not only in Q3 year to date, but for the last several years has outperformed the industry. And when you look at digital overall being 52% of our revenue, which is twice the average in the industry, and 57% of our profits, we're tremendously excited. I think connected TV will continue to grow. You see more and more ad supported services. You've seen Netflix discusses introducing advertising into their video platform. In particular, in our size markets, as more people cut the cord and more streaming inventory opens up, this creates a tremendous tailwind and opportunity for us at Townsquare with connected TV. That said, we're having tremendous success with social and other targeting vehicles, including standard display. So we're excited by connected TV. It is the fastest-growing part of programmatic currently. It is for us as well, but we're tremendously excited about our digital advertising business overall, Michael. So I'll turn it back to you.

Yeah. Just one last question. On the broadcast side, I know that national is a small component, but you mentioned national has been down and it's been affecting you. Some broadcasters have indicated that national advertising seems to be improving, especially as they look into 2024. I was just wondering if you can kind of give us a tone of what you're seeing in terms of national in the fourth quarter. Are you seeing pacing for national improve as you go into the first quarter?

Great question, Michael. I appreciate you being with us this morning. Just as a recap for everyone on the call, on national — Q1 national broadcast advertising was down 28%. Q2 moderated to 21%. Moderated in general, that's obviously down quite a bit. Q3 was still down 19%. It actually got a little bit worse in the quarter. Part of that is on the ad tracking we shared where the US ad tracking was up 6% in July, 1% in August, and flat in September. We saw that activity throughout the quarter. To your question about Q4, we definitely see national improving. We see national gaining traction. Local advertising is also getting better. Probably, most importantly, we mentioned our customer appreciation sale, where the team did a tremendous job. We had 10% more orders than last year. As it relates to Q1 pacing — we don't spend a lot of time usually talking about our pacing because we prefer to focus on results versus expectations because it can change significantly. I'm a little hesitant to share this, but since you asked, I will tell you that at this point last year for Q1, as it relates specifically to broadcast, we've got about 2% more business booked for Q1 compared to this time last year. When you look at the broadcast decline we've experienced in Q3, that's a material change. So hopefully, that holds. From our perspective, that is a very positive sign for Q1. We're also seeing an uptick in Q1 on the digital advertising side as well. You may have heard from others that you alluded to, that it could be pacing better for both large broadcast and digital advertising, and we're seeing the same thing. For Q4, as I shared earlier, we provided guidance, which I think is net revenue pretty much in line with where we ended Q3 excluding political. So maybe a point or two below that, but in general, in line. I'm obviously excited for 2024 for all the reasons we discussed, including improved pacing, broadcast, and digital advertising opportunities that come back in the back half of the year for TSI, and what I mentioned was broadcast having more bookings for Q1 at this point than last year, which, if that holds, is a very positive development. So, Michael, hopefully, that gives you some color for 2024 as we enter the holidays.

Yes. Thanks, Bill. That was perfect. That's all I have. Thank you.

And at this time, there are no further questions. I'd like to turn the call back over to Bill for closing remarks.

Thank you, operator. I appreciate your help this morning. I just want to give a shoutout to the Townsquare team. The results we talk about, the differentiation, the transformation, the culture is all the result of their hard work, their passion, and commitment, not only for Townsquare but quite honestly, their communities, clients, and audiences. I can't thank them enough. I appreciate everyone for dialing in this morning. We obviously look forward to updating you on our year-end results in 2024, but we're also excited to share how Q1 is shaping up when we report in the beginning of March. Wishing everybody a great Thanksgiving, and thank you again for joining this morning. Take care.

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for attending.