Thank you for standing by, and welcome to the AllianceBernstein Second Quarter 2025 Earnings Review. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded and will be available for replay on our website shortly after the conclusion of this call. I would now like to turn the conference over to your host for this call, Head of Investor Relations for AllianceBernstein, Mr. Ioanis Jorgali. Please go ahead.

Good morning, everyone, and welcome to our second quarter 2025 earnings review. This conference call is being webcast and accompanied by a slide presentation that's posted in the Investor Relations section of our website. With us today to discuss the company's results for the quarter are Seth Bernstein, President and CEO; and Tom Simeone, CFO. Onur Erzan, Head of Global Client Group and Private Wealth, will join us for questions after our prepared remarks. Some of the information we'll present today is forward-looking and subject to certain SEC rules and regulations regarding disclosure. So I would like to point out the safe harbor language on Slide 2 of our presentation. You can also find our safe harbor language in the MD&A of our 10-Q, which we filed this morning. We base our distribution to unitholders and our adjusted results, which we provide in addition to and not as a substitute for our GAAP results. Our standard GAAP reporting and a reconciliation of GAAP to adjusted results are in our presentation appendix, press release and our 10-Q. Under Regulation FD, management may only address questions of material nature from the investment community in a public forum. So please ask all such questions during this call. Now I'll turn it over to Seth.

Good morning, and thank you for joining us today. During the second quarter, investors grappled with concerns about escalating geopolitical tensions, policy uncertainty and debt sustainability. Sentiment improved as trade tensions eased and risk assets ultimately delivered solid returns for the period. AB ended the quarter with record assets under management of $829 billion, which provides a helpful tailwind as we start the second half of the year. On Slide 3, I'll review key business highlights for the quarter. As I noted, firm-wide assets under management reached a post-financial crisis high of $829 billion. Private wealth represents 17% of our assets and 35% of our base management fees as of the second quarter. Approximately 10% of our $685 billion asset management business consists of permanent capital managed for Equitable. While market turbulence can impact short-term flows, it doesn't impact our connectivity with clients. Our pipeline AUM reached nearly $22 billion, reflecting sizable mandate additions across retirement, insurance asset management and passive equities. We are making good progress in accessing long-duration capital pools that we can rapidly scale, leveraging our partnership with Equitable and our differentiated distribution and investment capabilities. These include insurance asset management, alternatives and retirement, where we've consistently gained market share, including in the second quarter of 2025. However, we did see pressure on firm-wide net flows, which turned negative in the second quarter with active strategies shedding $4.8 billion. The outflows were largely concentrated in April during the height of the recent market volatility, and we observed steady improvement as this turbulence subsided with June flows turning positive. Active equity shed $6 billion firm-wide, primarily led by retail. Client redemptions were broad-based across strategies, although we did see slight inflows into our active ETFs, thematic and international strategies. After six consecutive quarters of organic growth, active fixed income experienced slight outflows. The downturn in overseas demand for our marquee income strategies resulted in $1.5 billion of firm-wide taxable outflows, which were largely offset by continued growth within our tax-exempt franchise, which generated $1.2 billion of inflows. Our industry-leading retail Muni platform continues to deliver impressive market share gains, growing organically at 14% annualized in the second quarter. Alternatives multi-asset inflows totaled $1.6 billion, largely driven by strong deployments into our newly established private placements, AB's strategy, our U.S. real estate debt platform, CLOs, mortgages and middle market lending. Our private markets platform reached $77 billion in fee-paying and net fee-eligible AUM for quarter end, growing 20% year-over-year. We're focused on delivering consistent and profitable growth supported by scale gains, improved operating leverage and a durable fee rate. Our diversified asset mix, coupled with our enhanced operational efficiency, provides downside protection to our revenue base and margins while we retain upside leverage to favorable markets. We're on track to deliver a 33% operating margin in 2025, assuming flat markets versus the fourth quarter of 2024. This will put us above the midpoint of our 2027 margin range target of 30% to 35%, two years ahead of schedule. We see further potential for margin expansion over time as we scale our business. Finally, we continue to broaden our distribution coverage by expanding existing partnerships, forming new ones and extending the addressable market for our differentiated investment capabilities via vehicle versatility. Year-to-date, we've added four new general account relationships across six strategies and five new mandates across existing relationships. These relationships require high-touch client service beyond conventional asset management. We've invested significant operational resources and institutional expertise to deliver a holistic client experience that is scalable, unlocking incremental revenue opportunities beyond management fees. We entered the second half of 2025 with 18 active ETFs and nearly $8 billion in AUM, more than double the prior year level. The majority of our flows are coming from net new assets. Our SMA platform has surpassed $54 billion in assets under management, generating more than $700 million of inflows in the second quarter driven by Munis. We were among the industry pioneers in Tax Aware SMAs delivering strong investment outcomes for our clients and the highest standards for client service. Moving on to Slide 4, I'll highlight our strategic relationship with Equitable. Partnering with a leading insurance provider gives AllianceBernstein a competitive edge, supporting our client-focused asset-light approach. Leveraging the permanent capital commitment from Equitable helps us see and scale our higher fee, longer-dated private alternative strategies. To date, we've deployed over $15 billion of the $20 billion commitment Equitable made to AB Private Markets strategies. The attractive yields produced by these strategies allow Equitable to offer compelling products to its policyholders, driving growth in sales and more general account assets for AB to manage. This creates a positive flywheel effect which benefits both companies. The new capabilities we've developed for Equitable such as residential mortgages and private ABS can then be commercialized and offered to other insurance and institutional clients, helping drive sustainable growth in private markets AUM. We remain on target to grow our private markets AUM to $90 billion to $100 billion by 2027, up from $77 billion today. Slide 5 reflects a summary page of our key financial metrics, which Tom will cover shortly. Turning to Slide 6. I'll review our investment performance starting with fixed income. During the second quarter, major government bond markets saw steepening yield curves amid escalating geopolitical and trade tensions. Despite the uncertain backdrop, credit markets displayed remarkable resilience, supported by high all-in yields and low net issuance. Our portfolios continue to perform well in this challenging market, particularly through curve positioning and credit selection. More than half of our fixed income assets outperformed over a one-year period, while 87% outperformed over three years and 75% over the five-year period. Our Tax Aware Muni SMA continues to generate strong relative performance across all periods. Global high-yield performance has softened recently, underperforming both the benchmark and the category over the one year, largely due to underweight exposure to emerging market sovereigns. However, our three- and five-year relative returns remain compelling against the peer category. Our American Income portfolio maintained strong absolute and relative performance in the second quarter, mainly driven by yield curve positioning. AIP is outperforming its benchmark over the one, three and five years while also outperforming its category over the one- and three-year periods for the institutional share class. Volatility in rates in foreign exchange, coupled with concerns around unpredictable fiscal and trade policies in the United States have dampened demand for U.S. dollar-denominated assets. While the safe haven status of dollar-denominated assets is being questioned, the U.S. dollar remains the world's most liquid currency, supported by compelling rate differentials in the world's deepest capital markets. Diversification is a healthy process, particularly given the severely overweight exposure to U.S. assets. We have built a robust all-weather platform that can help clients optimize their geographical exposures and capitalize on potential reallocation. We're already seeing increasing interest for our European income portfolio, balancing credit and duration to offer a euro-denominated barbell approach. The strategy has attracted over $200 million in inflows in the second quarter and continuous outperformance against benchmark year-to-date. Today's environment also increases potential excess return from security selection. Active systematic fixed income approaches may help investors harvest these opportunities. We continue to see increased client interest for our systematic strategies with over $1 billion in inflows in the second quarter. Turning to equities. Following the sharp pullback in early April, U.S. equities quickly rebounded to new highs, with the S&P 500 rallying 10.6% in the second quarter. U.S. equity gains remain concentrated as big tech surged with the S&P growth outperforming value by more than 15%. European and emerging markets outperformed U.S. stocks in the first half of the year, largely driven by a weaker dollar. Our relative performance was mostly unchanged versus the prior quarter with 24% of our assets outperforming in one year and 48% over the three-year period, continuing to reflect the narrow leadership of a few mega-cap companies. Our five-year performance improved with 50% of our equity AUM outperforming. In the current environment, we maintain a proactive and disciplined approach to identifying high-quality, profitable companies with sustainable business models and significant recurring revenue streams. These defensive characteristics serve as a buffer against sudden spikes in market volatility. Importantly, we have a diverse selection of active equity strategies with strong breadth and high-quality product offerings balanced across geographies. Examples include our highly rated international low volatility equity strategy, which was recently launched in an ETF wrapper under the ticker ILOW. We have over 30 global international and emerging market services with established track records that have exhibited strong performance. Nearly all of them are outperforming the respective benchmarks for composites over the three- and five-year periods and nearly three-quarters of the retail products sitting in the top quartile or top decile of their Morningstar categories for either the three- or five-year periods. This includes one of our largest retail offerings, international strategic equities, which continues to deliver alpha year-to-date and sits at the top 3% of its Morningstar category. We also launched our first active ETF in emerging markets. We recognize the enduring appeal of U.S. stocks, and we believe the U.S. market will continue to offer exceptional opportunities. We're also encouraged by the increased focus on fiscal and governance standards across Europe and Asia that could potentially attract more capital to these regions. In this landscape, flexibility is important and opportunistic adjustments to regional and sector exposures are crucial to capitalize on emerging opportunities. We're witnessing growing momentum in systematic equity strategies as institutional investors rekindle their appreciation for this style. We won a $500 million mandate for our global core equity portfolio that utilizes fundamental stock selection combined with proprietary quantitative risk and return tools. The strategy has outperformed over the one-, three- and five-year periods, delivering consistent alpha with a lower tracking error. Finally, our private alternatives platform remains invested in delivering better outcomes for our clients. AB Private Credit Investors, our middle-market corporate lending platform continues to exhibit solid long-term performance, in line with stated objectives, supported by the resilience of our invested sectors and the rigorous underwriting process. AB CarVal's investment footprint spanning the U.S. and Europe underscores our belief in the benefits of geographic diversification for optimizing risk-adjusted returns. We're seeing increased deployment opportunities within our commercial real estate debt platform in the U.S. and Europe as the commercial real estate market has continued to show signs of stabilization. Now turning to Slide 7. Retail flows turned negative in the second quarter as macro turbulence halted the streak of seven consecutive quarterly inflows. Active equity shed $3.7 billion across a wide range of different services. U.S. large-cap growth accounted for approximately $1.5 billion of those outflows, primarily concentrated within the United States. It's noteworthy that U.S. large cap growth flows and Japan remained slightly positive for the quarter. Otherwise, client interest was limited to thematic, global and international strategies. Taxable fixed income also generated $2.4 billion in outflows as demand for our more key income strategies such as American Income and Global High Yield remained weak in the second quarter. As rate volatility subsided, we observed a slight improvement in demand dynamics, particularly for AIP, where outflows decreased compared to the prior quarter. Encouragingly, we are seeing constructive demand for the European income strategy, which replicates our barbell approach for euro-denominated assets. We're also excited about our ETF-driven market share gains in the taxable fixed income space within the U.S. retail channel, where we've historically been underexposed to the asset class. We continue to gain retail market share in tax-exempt for the tenth consecutive quarter, growing at a strong 14% annualized rate. Retail Alts/MAS generated $300 million in inflows in the second quarter. Our adjusted base management fees were up 6% versus the prior year, while the channel fee rate was down 2% sequentially, reflective of lower daily average AUM for higher-fee active equity services. Moving on to Slide 8. Excluding the impact of passive redemptions, our core active strategies generated slight inflows within the institutional channel during the second quarter. Notably, a single institutional index redemption is expected to bring in $1 billion in net inflows over the coming quarters. The clients entrusting us to redeploy the proceeds from the redemption with incremental capital to manage in passive equities. This mandate is already reflected within our pipeline. Institutional organic growth was primarily driven by inflows of approximately $1 billion each into taxable fixed income and alternatives. Our U.S. investment-grade systematic fixed income strategy continues to gain strong traction with institutional clients and has received solid support from consultants recently earning an A rating from a top consultant. Within alternatives, we continue to deploy at a healthy pace despite market volatility. Net of distributions, we invested over $900 million across private placements, commercial real estate, asset-based finance and private credit. Although active equity outflows continued in the second quarter, the trend continues to moderate year-over-year and sequentially. Our pipeline includes $5 billion from RGA, and we're thrilled to expand our relationship with this important partner. Note that these assets are related to the recent RGA Equitable reinsurance transaction, which we expect to result in an overall net outflow of approximately $4 billion of lower fee AUM. Other notable wins in the second quarter included $3 billion in customized retirement and $500 million wins in third-party insurance and structured equity. Our best-in-class defined contribution platform manages nearly $100 billion in assets, including nearly $13 billion in lifetime income. The decrease in pipeline fee rate is influenced by the asset mix and the magnitude of the wins in the second quarter. Turning to Slide 9. Net flows into our private wealth channel flipped to negative weighed by seasonal tax-related selling coupled with turbulent macro conditions. As we've discussed in the past, our Private Wealth net flows exclude reinvested dividends and interest income, which is typically reported within net new assets across key wealth management peers. On a net new assets basis, our client channel grew at a 2.6% annualized rate. Quarterly dividends and interest have ranged between $1.2 billion and $1.5 billion over the last four quarters, this is a durable and underappreciated source of growth for our private wealth asset base. Demand dynamics within the channel favored passive equities and alternatives and multi-asset. Our passive tax loss harvesting strategy eclipsed $7 billion in AUM growing organically in the second quarter at a 7% annualized rate. We fundraised over $0.5 billion in private alternatives in the second quarter. General redemptions were primarily concentrated within active equities totaling $1 billion in outflows. Taxable and tax-exempt fixed income posted marginal outflows. We continue to grow our high net worth and ultra-high net worth client base, underscoring the distinctive value proposition that Bernstein offers to this important client segment. Base management fees grew 5% year-over-year and declined marginally on a sequential basis. Now I will pass it to Tom to cover our financial results.

Thank you, Seth. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining our call. We are pleased to report strong financial performance in the second quarter, reflecting market-driven growth in asset management fees, continued expense discipline and enhanced operational leverage. Adjusted earnings for the second quarter came in at $0.76 per unit, representing a 7% increase compared to the prior year. Distributions and EPU grew uniformly as we distribute 100% of our adjusted earnings to unitholders. On Slide 10, we present our adjusted results, which exclude certain items not considered part of our core operating business. For a detailed reconciliation of GAAP and adjusted financials, please refer to our presentation appendix or our 10-Q. In the second quarter, net revenues reached $844 million, a 2% increase compared to the prior year. Base fees saw a 4% increase year-over-year. Total performance fees of $30 million decreased by $12 million from the prior year, primarily due to lower public market performance fees. Dividend and interest revenue, along with broker-dealer-related interest expense declined compared to the prior year, reflecting lower cash and margin balances within private wealth. Investment gains doubled to $8 million, while other revenues remained flat versus the prior year. Moving to expenses. Our second quarter total expenses remained relatively flat at $571 million. Compensation and benefits expense of $419 million, which includes other compensation costs of $10 million, was up 1% versus the prior year, reflecting 2% higher revenues, offset by a lower compensation ratio of 48.5%, in line with our guidance and below the 49% compensation ratio in the prior year. Given the volatile market backdrop, we will continue to accrue at a 48.5% compensation to adjusted revenue ratio in the third quarter of 2025. Compared to the prior year second quarter, promo and servicing costs were roughly flat, while G&A expenses decreased by 6%, reflecting lower occupancy costs due to the relocation of our New York City office. Year-to-date, non-compensation expenses amount to $293 million and are tracking better than our prior full year 2025 guidance range of $600 million to $625 million, driven by continued expense discipline and enhanced operational efficiency. Therefore, we are tightening our non-compensation expense projection to fall within $600 million to $620 million for the full year with a seasonal uptick later in 2025. We expect promotion and servicing to make up roughly 20% to 25% of non-comp expenses with G&A accounting for 75% to 80%. Second quarter interest on borrowings decreased by $3 million versus the prior year due to lower cost of debt and lower debt balances following repayments we made using the proceeds from the Bernstein joint venture and the private unit issuance. It is important to note that we plan to utilize the additional debt capacity in the future to support our commitment to the Ruby Re sidecar and capitalize on potential growth opportunities that may arise. ABLP's effective tax rate was 6.7% in the second quarter, in line with our full year guidance of 6% to 7%. Turning to Slide 11. Allow me to walk through the trajectory of our firm-wide base fee rate, net of distribution expenses. In the second quarter of 2025, our firm-wide fee rate decreased to 38.7 basis points, down versus the prior quarter and the prior year. The decline was primarily driven by a mix shift in AUM and flows. During periods of market volatility, the simple average AUM may not accurately reflect the daily asset base fluctuations of individual funds. For example, despite the strong recovery in the U.S. equity markets, the average daily NAV for key services like U.S. large cap growth was lower in the second quarter of 2025 compared to the prior quarter. Consequently, our base fee growth lagged the market appreciation of the underlying assets. Flow dynamics also had a negative impact on the fee rate in the second quarter due to outflows from higher fee retail services, coupled with organic growth in lower fee categories such as SMAs, ETFs, insurance asset management and retirement. We continue to see good momentum in these secularly growing long-duration capital pools as we leverage our partnership with Equitable and our differentiated distribution capabilities. We are excited about the value proposition for our clients and shareholders from these scalable long-duration assets, and we prioritize sustainable organic growth and long-term profitability over focusing solely on the fee rate. Over the past five years, our fee rate has remained relatively stable in the 39 to 40 basis point range as our regional sales mix and strategic growth initiatives have helped to mitigate industry-wide fee erosion. Looking forward, we expect the fee rate trajectory will continue to reflect the mix of organic growth and market movements, which have been more supportive in early 3Q. Slide 12 offers a breakdown of our performance fees across private and public strategies. Second quarter performance-related fees from our private market strategies totaled $22 million, showcasing consistent alpha generation from our middle market lending platform. Additionally, public strategies contributed $8 million, predominantly fueled by our top-rated U.S. select long/short portfolio, which has demonstrated resilience and outperformance across market cycles. We now project total performance fees for 2025 of $110 million to $130 million, up from our prior estimate of $90 million to $105 million. This upward revision is primarily driven by the flow-through of slight upside in public markets and the more active deployment outlook for our commercial real estate debt platform. Assuming flat markets, we view the lower end of our guidance as a floor rather than a ceiling, although we caution that last year's upside was largely driven by public alternatives and the robust equity market performance. For the remainder of the year, we expect our private alternative strategies will be the primary contributors to our performance fees as they have been in recent years. These strategies include commercial real estate debt, CarVal and middle market lending, also known as AB Private Credit Investors, or ABPCI, which is the largest contributor. Turning to Slide 13. Despite slightly lower average AUM in the first half of 2025 versus 4Q '24, coupled with a negative mix shift, our year-to-date operating margin remains in line with 33% expectation. We continue to view 33% as a reasonable baseline for our full year 2025 operating margins, assuming stable market conditions. Focusing on this quarter, the adjusted operating margin of 32.3% was up 150 basis points versus the prior year, reflective of lower real estate expenses since our move to Hudson Yards. We will remain disciplined on expenses while also investing in growth to generate long-term value for our unitholders. Targeted growth investments may include onboarding new investment teams and launching new products, which we expect to drive future growth and profits. Before we proceed to the Q&A session, I want to express my sincere appreciation to all my colleagues for their significant contributions. We are steadfast in our commitment to efficiently allocate capital, create value for our clients, investors, employees and stakeholders while simultaneously diversifying and expanding our business. With that, we are pleased to take your questions.

Your first question comes from Craig Siegenthaler of Bank of America.

This is Adrian for Craig. With Pacific Life Insurer now joining your multi-insurer lifetime income platform, how are you thinking about scaling your retirement income business more broadly? And how should we think about AB's share of economics on the retirement income platform? Is this more of a pass-through structure?

It's Onur. Thanks for the question. Let me answer it in a couple of different ways. One is, as we highlighted in our earnings announcement and call, the insurance segment is very critical for us, and we continue to expand our engagement and deepening the insurance segment in many different aspects of the business and lifetime income is one of those. We are one of the pioneers in lifetime income. Obviously, we have seen an uptick in interest in lifetime income solutions given the demographics, aging of baby boomers as well as some of the SECURE 2.0 Act dynamics. So there's no material change in our product structure. We continue to add insurers and some insurers drop off. That's a bit of the backdrop on the PacLife announcement, but we're excited about our relationship with them and the ability to do more over time. In terms of the economics on these products, ultimately, we continue to focus on delivering the guaranteed income for our clients. So although these can be relatively sizable mandates, they tend to be lower fee from an asset management perspective, while some of the economics obviously accrue to the insurers based on the liability structure. Lastly, we continue to work on different lifetime income solutions, both with our main shareholder, Equitable, as well as other third-party insurers. Over time, we might come to the market with different fee economics that could be even more accretive to our overall top line.

And just as a quick follow-up, following the amended exchange agreement with Equitable, can you clarify how we should think about the likelihood of further exchanges into AllianceBernstein Holding units?

Sure. Let me start and Tom and Seth Bernstein can add. The actual conversion from public units to private units is really driven by a more beneficial tax treatment for the private units. So it really has no bearing on the daily trading volume or anything else. It has been something that has been done before, so there's nothing unusual about it. Tom, do you have anything you want to add?

Yes. I guess the only thing I'd add there is, I'd remind everybody that this brings Equitable back to something similar to what they had pre-2022 before the CarVal acquisition.

Your next question comes from the line of Alex Blostein of Goldman Sachs.

This is Anthony on for Alex. I wanted to hit on the capital allocation strategy. There were some recent headlines on potential M&A. Could you speak to your willingness to go down that route and what that would look like?

Alex, it's Seth. Just to clarify, with regard to the optimization of capital that Tom was referring to or with respect to our investment.

I think it's M&A.

So look, we continue to look at a number of opportunities, whether they're insurance sidecars or other forms of partnerships with key insurer clients around the world. It's been pretty active, and we think that we have an opportunity, particularly if we can utilize Equitable's underwriting skills in analyzing those risks to actually utilize our capital, potentially Equitable's capital or a combination of the two to realize incremental flows into our key private alternative strategies. There is obviously a limit. We don't want to become an asset-heavy or capital-heavy type of entity, and we would raise the money through the issuance of units to fund that as a general proposition, just as we did in the case of Ruby Re. I also think it will never be a material amount of money on our balance sheet, and we will watch it very closely. However, we do think it's a competitive edge we have, particularly with Equitable's underwriting skills that we want to take advantage of.

Yes. One minor add and one additional extension. These sidecar investments, obviously, we have been looking at for multiple years and evaluating their return profile. They tend to generate low to mid-teen kind of ROE. They're also attractive on a stand-alone basis, and any economics we get on the investment management side is accretive or additive to that ROE. So we really like the ROE profile, number one. Number two, though, the press has been around our active posture in wealth management. That shouldn't be new news—a backtrack to previous earnings calls and other market communication. We are always active in the wealth management space. We like wealth management. We have a large platform in terms of independent platforms with $150 billion. We've been in this business for a long time, and we believe we do a good job of serving our clients and growing our business. The way we think about M&A is as an enabler. It's not a hammer looking for the nail. We are not a private equity-backed roll-up. We believe we have operational leverage in our business and scalability in private wealth. We can easily double or triple our adviser headcount. We will continue to add experienced advisers and teams in attractive geographies and segments. In certain cases, adding a small to midsized business might be a faster path to getting that expanded growth. That being said, we're always very selective from a culture perspective, from a platform fit perspective as well as maintaining our financial discipline. The good news is we are getting a lot of inbound interest, which is true for both insurance transactions as well as wealth management transactions.

And just to add, it’s important that Onur made the point about small to midsized because we're very aware of the prices for these sorts of businesses. So we need to be careful.

Your next question comes from the line of Bill Katz of TD Cowen.

Maybe just coming back to the margin discussion for a moment. I appreciate the affirmation of the 33% guidance. It appears the year-end number is now even above where you were at the end of the year. Perhaps a two-part question. How should we think about the incremental margin as we look out to the second half of the year? And since you're already running at the midpoint of your 2027 guidance, how do we think about the trajectory into 2026 and beyond?

Thank you for the question, Bill. Currently, we're at a 33% margin for the year to date, which is what we are planning and forecasting for the second half of the year. We expect this margin to remain at 33% for both halves. Regarding our guidance for 2026, we are not ready to provide an answer at this time as we haven't completed the 2026 forecasting. We may share that information towards the end of the year.

Okay. And then maybe one for Onur or Seth. I'm curious, since you're generating significant incremental yield or cash flows through the financial advisers, but not disclosing it in a way that's comparable to what your peers do, what's the holdback to shifting the organic growth calculation, part one? And part two, just in terms of you mentioned you could scale up to two to three times more in terms of financial advisers. Is that just on the existing book of the platform? It seems there's a lot of pressure from private equity-sponsored players for recruitment. Could you speak about what you're seeing regarding transition assistance as you think about scaling beyond your de novo focus?

Sure. Thanks for the questions, Bill. Yes, let me answer those questions. Number one, why do we talk about net new client assets in addition to net flows? It's very simple. We have a wealth management business that's comparable to other pure wealth management players or wealth managers embedded in larger institutions. We wanted to ensure that we make it easy for analysts and the buy-side community to be able to make apples-to-apples comparisons between our growth rate and that of most of the wealth management industry, which works on net new client assets versus the asset management metric of net flows. That’s why we provide that information. There's no catalyst other than ongoing improvements in how we represent key metrics in our business. About doubling or tripling the adviser headcount, it’s straightforward given our established infrastructure, we have our own custody and clearing, robust investment organization, manager selection capabilities, direct indexing, etc. So for us, adding advisers to our platform doesn't require massive improvements to our platform. That's the essence of my point. Regarding our transition support in a highly competitive industry relative to private equity-backed platforms, we have been bringing advisers into our business for decades with strong transition capabilities, both in the technology team and in the investment team. If you think about it, our private wealth business has 1,000 employees, and it's a very well-established platform compared to some of the RIAs. We compete very well against even the largest RIAs. We can compete head-to-head. Plus, we have the backing of larger public entity, AllianceBernstein, with global infrastructure behind it.

But we take your point around the notion of net new assets, as it’s clear we have $1 billion to $1.5 billion a quarter that doesn’t get reflected in the net flows calculation. However, we report that way primarily because we are an asset manager.

Yes. Exactly. It may not differ much from some other peers. Frankly, in similar talks as well.

Your next question comes from the line of John Dunn of Evercore ISI.

There was a nice increase in the institutional pipeline. How do you look at the timing of that funding? Are the new mandates you just added going to take a while to flow through?

Onur, let me address that. Generally, it takes about 12 to 15 months to deploy, depending on the asset class. For private assets, the timeline is usually longer, while for public assets, it is much shorter. However, we anticipate a quicker timeline this time due to the RGA transaction and its effects, as Seth noted earlier. We expect to see a higher pace of deployment this time because of the unique nature of our pipeline. Additionally, we are experiencing strong commercial activity and making progress on a few strategic insurance relationships that could significantly enhance our Alts pipeline. If that occurs, while it’s usually positive on average, it's important to note that strategic partnerships and private Alts typically involve a longer deployment cycle. That's the overall picture.

Got it. And since it's key for flows, can you discuss the drivers of demand for American Income and the outlook for continued improvement for the rest of the year?

Sure. In the second quarter, things were a little rougher with the liberation day, uncertainty, tariffs and impact on the rate outlook and the dollar. So American Income has strong U.S. dollar exposure and treasury exposure. So we were slightly impacted. We've seen normalization starting in June, and that has continued into July. We've observed positive days in July, just to give you context—one day won't define a trend, and I don't want you to extrapolate. But we see signs of stabilization. It’s a cyclical product, as we've seen over time. When the rate outlook is stable and there's a healthy upward sloping yield curve, AIP does well, and in other environments, it can pull back quickly as well. We’re not structurally concerned, but we acknowledge it's cyclical.

I would add that the consequence of the tariff announcements weakened the dollar significantly, particularly in Asia, which has impacted us. However, it seems to have stabilized and normalized. We're seeing more positive days, but with the caveat that Onur has provided. I would also note that we are witnessing better flow activity domestically in fixed income as well. This has been helpful. We're also seeing more institutional focus in fixed income and even in the equity spaces. The pronounced low volatility of markets is interesting given the underlying uncertainties, but it seems to be moving people towards more deployments than they had been six to eight weeks ago.

Your next question comes from the line of Benjamin Budish of Barclays.

You've talked about the wealth business and sort of adding new advisers over the years. I was wondering if you could elaborate more on some of the recent news about seeking more inorganic growth opportunities in that channel. I'm curious if you can comment on why now, what's changing? What are your broader ambitions? It seems like this focus is on the ultra-high net worth channel, but any additional color there? Given the different levels of capital intensity due to TA payments—we're curious how you think about the capital needs of these ambitions.

Yes, sure. Even though the press coverage might have increased, our intentions are not new. We discussed this over the last two to three years. In terms of adviser growth, we typically target mid-single-digit adviser growth annually from an organic perspective. Year-to-date, we're tracking towards that, which is healthy. Regarding inorganic growth, as I stated, there’s no target or specific number of acquisitions to meet some AUM gap. Instead, this is more of an extension of our strategy and an enabler. So M&A is not our primary strategy. We focus on small to midsized RIA space. We've noticed shifts in multiples; there's a significant change if you look at firms over $5 billion AUM. Due to scarcity, the private equity platforms seek larger acquisitions to accelerate their growth given their exit timelines. We don’t have those pressures. We’re permanent capital and are in it for the long haul. Thus, we can afford to be patient and target lower-sized RIAs serving our markets. Although ultra-high net worth is one focus, there are other interesting segments such as entertainers, athletes, business owners, global families, and family offices. We like platforms that either expand our geographical reach or enhance our specialized capabilities, whether in client access or expertise. We only have 20 locations, so our private wealth business operates both nationally and locally. That's why we pursue additional hires, teams, and businesses as they arise at the right price in new jurisdictions.

Your next question comes from Bill Katz of TD Cowen.

Just strategically, as you continue to scale your alternative platform and if performance fees become a larger percentage of overall revenue, how should we think about the comp ratio? Is there leverage to the platform? Are the payouts on performance fees a bit higher than the overall rate?

Let me start, and Tom can jump in. Most of our credit focus isn't performance fee driven due to the nature of what we do with higher credit quality pieces going to the insurance marketplace. There is a performance fee component, and I suspect that will continue. We also have it on the public equity side. However, your inclination that the rev share on performance fees tends to be more favorable to the team than the underlying base fees, if that were to happen, but it's just not that significant for us. I think there's leverage in the system as we grow larger in private alts, but Tom, why don't you add to that?

Yes. I agree with everything you've just said, Seth. We continue to measure competitive pay for our people against our revenue and will do so for both base fees and performance fees.

Your next question comes from the line of Dan Fannon of Jefferies.

Just a question on gross sales. Not surprising that, given the turbulence early in the quarter, gross sales slowed. As you think about it now in July, do you see this dip in 2Q as temporary or are you observing momentum going forward?

Yes. Year-to-date, our sales are up 1% in asset management. I'm not too concerned about sales trends. We focus on net, not gross. Our redemption rate on the institutional side came down as well. While gross sales momentum is essential, I look at both gross and outflows holistically. Although we hit an air pocket for about six to eight weeks between early April and late May, we've now seen signs of momentum starting in June, and this is continuing into July. I remain relatively optimistic about our flagship strategies and their ability to expand into new areas. We see a lot of opportunities, especially within insurance. Our ETF platform continues to scale. I want to remind you that with the ETF business, there's typically a maturity curve when launching a new product before it attains a certain AUM level or becomes established on major platforms. We'll benefit from the tailwind of ETF growth. Our monthly sales volumes continue to increase significantly. While predicting exact sales volumes is challenging due to ongoing geopolitical uncertainty, I am optimistic we have more ways to win and generate business through varied distribution channels and vehicles. It’s both a retention and sales game.

There are no further questions at this time. Mr. Jorgali, I turn the call back over to you.

Thank you, Jean-Louis. Thank you, everyone, for participating today. If you have any questions, please reach out to Investor Relations. We look forward to hearing back from you. Bye-bye.