Good day and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Carlyle Group Second Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to Daniel Harris, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, Norma. Good morning and welcome to Carlyle's second quarter 2023 earnings call. With me on the call this morning is our Chief Executive Officer, Harvey Schwartz; Chief Financial Officer, Curt Buser; and incoming Chief Financial Officer and Head of Corporate Strategy, John Redett. Earlier this morning, we issued a press release and a detailed earnings presentation which is also available on our Investor Relations website. This call is being webcast and a replay will be available on our website. We will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures during today's call. These measures should not be considered in isolation from or a substitute for measures prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. We have provided a reconciliation of these measures to GAAP in our earnings release to the extent reasonably available. Any forward-looking statements made today do not guarantee future performance and undue reliance should not be placed on them. These statements are based on current management expectations and involve inherent risks and uncertainties, including those identified in the Risk Factors section of our annual report on Form 10-K that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated. Carlyle assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements at any time. So turning to our results. For the second quarter, we generated $207 million in fee-related earnings and $389 million in distributable earnings with DE per common share of $0.88. Our carry balance was $3.7 billion as of the end of the quarter and we declared a quarterly dividend of $0.35 per common share. In order to ensure participation by all those on the line today, please limit yourself to one question and then return to the queue for any additional follow-ups. And with that, let me turn the call over to our Chief Executive Officer, Harvey Schwartz.

Thanks, Dan. Good morning, everyone and thank you for joining us. I'm excited to be joined today by John Redett who you'll hear from later as well as Curt. There are 2 areas I'd like to cover. First, the macro environment; and second, a review of several work streams that will position us to drive long-term growth. First, the macro environment. As I've said previously, we're in one of the most complex periods in recent economic history. The combination of sustained elevated inflation along with central bank rate hikes has led to a corresponding increase in the cost of capital. The peak of the inflationary cycle may have passed but our base case is that rates stay higher for longer as we shift away from a decade of 0 interest rate policy. It remains early days in understanding the impact of this shift on corporate capital structures and liquidity. Among other factors, this shift in interest rates further contributes to mixed investor appetite and sentiment. In part, our economic and market views are informed by the vast data and proprietary insights gathered from our portfolio. The data set includes nearly 300 global companies, 600 real estate investments, and loans to over 1,300 issuers. Let's start with inflation. We're starting to see it's more difficult for our portfolio companies to pass through increased cost, reinforcing the view that the inflationary cycle has peaked. Our portfolio company CEOs remain generally cautious in terms of how they're approaching the operating environment but broadly, our portfolios have seen accelerating activity with over 10% EBITDA growth. As you'd expect, these economic forces have slowed the pace of investment across the industry. You see this in the amount of capital we are deploying, and you see it in lower fundraising and LPs' slow decision-making on new fund allocations. Having said that, in general, our teams are seeing signs of an increasing pace of early deal flow access across most asset classes. Now I want to update you on 5 key areas that we are focused on as a leadership team. Though these are just a sample of activities around the firm. We have mobilized teams and launched work streams for each of these. As you'd expect we are approaching these in a very deliberate and methodical manner. And while early, let me give you a line of sight into what we're doing. First, our Insurance Solutions business. Our relationship with Fortitude is profitable, strategic and vital but only one piece in the opportunity set. As insurance companies look to free up capital and shift liabilities to improve their ROE, we're seeing a greater interest on their part to partner with us in a variety of important ways. Second, our capital markets team. They also have a large opportunity to scale their impact. We have in place today all the key ingredients for growth, a well-positioned and active private equity franchise and an experienced capital markets team. As activity rates pick up, we expect that we will further leverage our deal flow and our portfolio companies' need for capital to create a natural tailwind in this business. Third we're also focused on our technology and our AI strategy. This allows us to create operational efficiencies across the firm as well as at our portfolio companies and is an important driver of growth and scale over the long term. We recently appointed CS Juarez as our new Chief Information Officer and Head of Technology Transformation. She will work closely with the entire leadership team to drive technology transformation strategy and operations. Now fourth, as we said before, we see long-term opportunity around private wealth. We've recently hired a new Head of Private Wealth strategy. While we only have 3 products in the market covering 5 billion of assets today, we view this as an important channel for growth. We'll be working with our distribution partners to bring product innovation globally to the Wealth Channel. Most importantly, the Carlyle brand is a huge differentiator here. And fifth, the last work stream I'll mention is around expense management and improving FRE margin. This means investing in our platform wisely to drive top line growth, as well as closely monitoring the overall level and composition of expense as well as the capital required to run the firm. This is a critical strategic effort. We will continue to move with a disciplined sense of urgency around each one of these and we'll continue to update you as these progress. To close, as I said, we're still operating within a somewhat challenging market backdrop. It's important to state that we will be patient when we need to be, while at the same time, capitalizing on opportunities to deploy capital where we see attractive risk reward. As a leadership team, we are intensely focused on delivering performance excellence for our investors and driving long-term shareholder value. We are taking action to mobilize teams around priority areas to drive disciplined growth. and I'm really enthusiastic for Carlyle's future. Now before I hand it to John, I'd also like to take a moment to thank Curt for his tremendous contributions to Carlyle over the last nearly 20 years. I personally am thankful for Curt's counsel and support as I transitioned into Carlyle over the past 6 months and I've really enjoyed getting it on. I know you'll all join me in wishing him the best in his upcoming retirement. And now, John, over to you.

Thanks, Harvey. Good morning, everyone. I also want to thank Curt for his 20 years of leadership at Carlyle and for the guidance he continues to provide me as I transition into the CFO role. I look forward to working more closely with many of you in the coming periods. As Harvey highlighted, we delivered solid results this quarter in a tough environment, driven by a diversified investment platform and the focus of our global investment teams. We produced $389 million in distributable earnings for the second quarter or $0.88 in DE per share. Year-to-date, we have generated $660 million of DE or $1.51 in DE per share. We reached $60 million of shares in the second quarter and have repurchased $160 million in the first half of the year. Today, I'm going to focus my remarks on 3 main areas: fee-related earnings in the near-term outlook, accrued carry and fundraising. First, fee-related earnings. Increased to $207 million in the quarter, up from $193 million in Q1 2023. Relative to the second quarter last year, FRE declined 12% as modest growth in revenue was offset by continued investment into our people and teams. Year-to-date, FRE of $401 million was down 5% compared to the same period last year. Second quarter management fees of $515 million increased sequentially after having declined for a few quarters with increases in each of our segments. Over the next few quarters, new fund launches and fee activations should support continued management fee growth. Our second quarter results benefited from $73 million in fee-related performance revenue. Looking ahead, we are not expecting to generate material fee-related performance revenue in global private equity in the second half of 2023, though global credit fee-related performance revenue should remain stable. Transaction and advisory fees were $18 million in the quarter, down significantly from a year ago, given muted capital markets activity which has pressured both FRE and the margins. And as you heard from Harvey, driving an increasing level of transaction revenue from our investment platforms is a major focus area for the firm. Compensation expense was $289 million in the second quarter, an 11% increase year-over-year. A majority of the increase this quarter was a function of higher fee-related performance revenue as we generally accrue compensation at 45% of associated revenue. Excluding this impact, compensation expense increased only 5% year-over-year. G&A expense of $102 million reflects a more normalized set of firm-wide activities relative to lower levels we saw during the pandemic. This quarter also included external fundraising costs largely captured in global investment solutions which supported fundraising momentum. G&A expense may tick up in the back half of the year as we typically have increased operating costs tied to our LP conferences. With regards to our FRE outlook, second half 2023 FRE is likely to be similar in the aggregate to the first half of 2023 with a relatively stronger fourth quarter. We remain focused on generating sustainable top line revenue growth as well as diversifying and growing FRE. Moving on, I'd like to discuss our net accrued carry. Our global carry fund portfolio appreciated 2% in the quarter with relative strength in infrastructure and natural resources, owing to an uptick in announced transactions. We had more muted appreciation in private equity and real estate. Our net accrued carry balance of $3.7 billion declined from $4 billion last quarter. Most of this decline was driven by $175 million in net realizations with the balance due to a reduction in accrued carry in global private equity. Even with this decline, the net accrual remains at a robust $10 per share which is a substantial source of future shareholder value. Let me finish up with an update on fundraising. Fund investors continue to face challenging decisions and make commitments more slowly than in previous years. Despite this slowdown, we still expect to raise a larger amount of capital in 2023 than we did in 2022. Through the first half of 2023, we raised $14 billion of new capital. Approximately halfway to last year's fundraising total. We have momentum in several important strategies that should see inflows in the second half of 2023, likely weighted towards the fourth quarter. In Global Investment Solutions, we are off to a good start for our latest vintage secondaries and co-investment strategies which should both continue into the second half of the year and into 2024. This new capital will turn on management fees later this year. In Global Credit, we expect to grow off a slower start to 2023. We've priced 2 CLOs in the second quarter after none in the first quarter. Our credit opportunities fund should continue to attract more capital and a number of strategies in SMAs are positioned to generate positive flows, with the fourth quarter likely to be relatively stronger than the third quarter. In Global Private equity, we expect to raise capital in the second half of the year in several buyout funds and various real asset strategies. Wrapping up, let me reiterate my excitement to be in this new role working alongside Harvey and the entire Carlyle team to drive shareholder value. We are excited about the opportunities for continued growth and improved operational performance. With that, let me turn the call over to the operator for your questions.

The first question will come from Alexander Blostein with Goldman Sachs.

Harvey, maybe we can zone in on some of the key priorities that you mentioned in your prepared remarks really starting, I guess, for the last one you highlighted around the expense structure and FRE margins. Could you just hone in a little bit more in terms of what that means. You obviously came into the business with a fresh pair of eyes. So curious how that could impact compensation mix and ultimately the FRE margins longer term for the firm?

When you said it would impact which mix. Thanks for the question, Alex. Good to hear your voice. So this is a critical work stream. We kind of gave you a flavor of the 5. There were more than those, obviously. But as I said, Curt and I kicked off a work stream that was really focused on margin and how we want to think about that. And obviously, he's in the process of handing a ton over to John. We can talk about both the top line growth but you narrowed in more on the compensation piece and the expense piece. So we're basically doing a line-by-line review going through the business and making sure we're super disciplined about expense. Now as it relates to compensation, that's obviously a critical component of it. And the way we're approaching that is as you heard me say before, very first principle based. And what I mean by that is we're going to start with the things that are most critical around compensation. And that, as you know, is making sure that we have really, really as perfect as we can align it with our constituencies, our LPs, our employees and our shareholders. And at this stage, I think we're making good progress on the work stream I think there's a real opportunity here. And importantly, as it relates to our team, we want to make sure that they're aligned with the LPs that we retain and attract the best people and we really want to reward people for performance. But as a first principle, I would just say we're taking a white sheet of paper to this and we're being very thoughtful about it.

Our next question comes from the line of Ken Worthington with JPMorgan.

John, maybe just starting high level, can you give us some background on your time at Carlyle and your decision to transition to the CFO role? And then maybe following up on Alex's question, sort of FRE margins dipped in the quarter. Can you talk us through the outlook for margins in this context of challenging market backdrop, number of fund launches but increased investment and basically, how do you see the direction of fee margins evolving as we go into the back half of the year?

Thank you, Ken and I look forward to meeting you at some point in the near future. Just quickly on the first part of your question and on my background, I've spent my entire career in financial services. The last 16 years in private equity at Carlyle. While at Carlyle, I focused on investing in financial services globally. A large component of that job, Ken, was the value creation at the portfolio company level. And I would just add, the financial services team has a great track record at Carlyle. And when the CFO opportunity was presented to me, honestly, it was the easiest career decision I've ever made. It was an easy yes. I'm super excited to be in this role starting October 1. And I really look forward to working with Harvey and the team to further drive shareholder value. In terms of your second part of your question, the FRE margin, I would just say, look, we know we can do better. And as Harvey mentioned, we're very focused on expenses and margin. And more importantly, we're very focused on delivering disciplined revenue growth. And I would just say, as we make progress on these work streams, we'll keep you updated in the coming periods.

Our next question comes from Brian McKenna with JMP Securities.

So Harvey, you've been in your seat a couple of quarters now I know you continue to analyze the business. And I'm assuming it might take some more time for you to frame out the longer-term trajectory of the firm but do you have any early expectations on what you think the underlying growth at Carlyle could look like over time based on everything you've seen thus far? And then just based on some of the growth initiatives that are underway.

Yes, that's a great question. I've been in my role for almost six months and have met with around 150 limited partners while traveling for about 40 days. After engaging with various internal teams, I feel more optimistic about Carlyle's future growth opportunities than I ever anticipated. My perspective is shaped by my understanding of the brand's strength and my direct conversations with limited partners. I believe the industry's long-term trajectory is very promising, even if it may not look as strong from one quarter to the next. As we shift our attention to our current initiatives, these will help us prioritize growth in areas like insurance, capital markets, and credit, while also enabling us to focus on margins and compensation strategies we've discussed previously. Additionally, these efforts foster stronger team cohesion, which I am pleased with, as it includes collaboration with key individuals such as John, Curt, and myself, along with some of the world's top investors whom I've engaged on various initiatives. I am optimistic about the momentum we are building. While we may not see immediate results in the next couple of quarters, I remain excited about our long-term prospects, which have only improved since I joined in February.

Our next question comes from the line of Chris Kotowski with Oppenheimer & Company.

Chris, we can't hear.

Chris, you may be muted. Question comes from the line of Dan Butch with Barclays.

I wanted to inquire about your expectations for fundraising, especially in private equity. I understand from your prepared comments that the investment pace is slowing and general fundraising is also slowing. However, as the broader markets seem to be recovering, possibly indicating that some underlying issues are resolving, are you experiencing any increased optimism or updated projections for the upcoming vintage of private equity funds in Asia, Europe, and Japan that are anticipated later this year and into 2024?

So broadly speaking on fundraising, as we said, we feel this year is going to be better than last year. That's broadly across the diversified platform, right? So solutions, there's a lot of momentum there's a lot of momentum in credit. There's a lot of momentum across the insurance complex. So we feel good about that. There's a lot of momentum in real estate. Private equity, still some headwinds globally when you go around the world but we feel optimistic about certain aspects of the fundraising that are in the market right now. I can't obviously get into specifics because they're in the market right now. But I would say our comments that you heard in the prepared remarks, generally how we feel about it for the balance of the year but a lot of momentum in those other areas.

Next question comes from the line of Glenn Schorr with Evercore ISI.

So you gave a bunch of comments that talk second half versus first half. And it was very clear that weighted towards fourth quarter given that we're in the third quarter and it's kind of slow right now. So I wonder if you can help dimensionalize how much weighted fourth quarter versus third quarter on some of those items. And then when thinking about growth. You talked optimistic about credit insurance but I was wondering if we could get a little bit more the CLOs are in the process of recovering, not good but what else is going to drive growth because there is the opposite of a private credit backdrop feels pretty good. So maybe if you can talk a little bit more on insurance and direct lending.

Sure. So I mentioned in the work streams we mobilized an effort around insurance. Obviously, we have Fortitude, it's a hugely valuable asset and our ownership there. And so we mobilized work streams around that in some respects in exactly the way you talked about, Glenn, because the adjacencies between insurance origination where the pipeline is very, very good. For further transactions and the desire to work with Fortitude is a natural creator of flow into our credit business. Again, this is not a third or a fourth quarter event. This is longer term, I can tell you about the momentum we see and the pipeline that we see. Also, as it relates to our credit franchise, the performance has been good. A little slower than we expected but it feels good in terms of the pipeline of fundraising and the team feels confident for the back half of the year. So I feel good about the trajectory of all those pieces. And of course, there's adjacencies in there with capital markets in terms of how we distribute and how we bring all that together. That is really the purpose of bringing these work teams together. It's just about mobilizing the teams around these opportunities. So I would say we feel good about that. I can't pin it down to third quarter, fourth quarter and we don't really run the company that way, as you know. It's certainly not the way I think about things. But I feel very, very confident about the trajectory and our focus on FRE margin and the things we talked about.

Our next question comes from the line of Brian Bedell with Deutsche Bank.

Maybe just back on the FRE margin and trajectory. And really, next think about next year, not the second half. But if we could put aside insurance solutions, you've talked Harvey about building up the capital markets effort. It sounds like you have the raw ingredients there to do that right now. So I'm assuming that, that can be leveraged quite well. But as we move into next year, do you view that FRE margin expansion is more of an element of revenue growth and scaling the business or more coming from expense initiatives? And you mentioned compensation is, would that be including any kind of change in structure and compensation and more comp out of FRE and into performance-based revenue.

Thanks. Let me unpack that a little bit. So I just want to make sure I hit your points. So on FRE margin, that is, as I said, that's a critical work stream for us. And what does that mean? That means driving growth for the top line but it also means being exceptionally disciplined in terms of expenses and how we're thinking about capital deployment. And as I said, we started this process that occurred now we're transitioning that over to John. I feel very good about the momentum of that given how long I've been here and how focused the team is. And so the trajectory there would be good. And with respect to compensation, again, we want to make sure we get this perfectly right for our teams and the alignment for our constituencies but yes, compensation and the composition of compensation and making sure we reward our best people and again, at the same time, aligning with our constituencies and our LPs. Yes, that’s 100% that's on the table. Too early to give you details on that as soon as we have them, we'll share them. But that's a process and we're going to be very methodical. But I can tell you as it relates to FRE margin, both growth and also expense management, we're laser-focused. And you should hear it no differently. Now you had a question inside there where you talked about capital markets which I just want to drop into for a second. And I don't want to minimize it and not rocket science, okay? We're not building space channels over here for capital markets. Basically, what we're doing is mobilizing the team to work in the adjacencies a little bit differently. We're not going to build up a big team. We don't want to be competing with the JPMorgan’s of the world but we do think there's a real valuable opportunity set here where we can provide incremental revenues without any significant need to scale.

And our next question comes from the line of Michael Cyprys with Morgan Stanley.

If we look out the next couple of years, it seems like you guys are set to generate cash flow across the business. Just curious how you're thinking about deploying that cash generation, what portion might be return to shareholders versus what portion might you retain for organic growth versus inorganic? And how important or meaningful could inorganic opportunities be at this point?

So for me, it's a math question. I don't want to oversimplify it. I think it's a question of really just thinking through the strategic opportunities that may be presented us versus returning the capital, as we talked about before, right now, I think the opportunities to return capital to shareholders may be more attractive but that's a moment in time. I think that when you look at the position of the firm and the footings of the firm in terms of what we have, we have an insurance investment which is quite critical to the firm. So we don't need to go out and acquire one. We have a credit business which is continuing to build organically. We have the solutions business. So all the component pieces are here. I wouldn't rule out certainly strategic partnerships where we think they could accelerate growth but they'd have to be a really good fit. And again, I know this is always the case. Everybody says the math just has to make sense. But we'll make those choices at the margin when presented. But the brand is very powerful. And if there's opportunities for us to scale in ways that are inorganic, we'll certainly consider them. But right now, I would say that's not front and center but I wouldn't rule it out over the long term.

Our next question comes from the line of Rufus Hone with BMO Capital Markets.

Maybe coming back to the private wealth opportunity and I'm curious to get your thoughts around what the product set in the wealth channel might look like 2 or 3 years from now and not just in the U.S. but internationally as well.

Yes. We believe the brand is a significant differentiator. The name recognition and the founders' presence, particularly David Rubenstein, are iconic and widely recognized. We are at the early stages of this journey, and I would argue that the entire industry is as well. I expect product development to continue improving, with genuine innovation over the next few years. Our team at Carlyle is committed to being strategic about this. Currently, we have three products on the market, and we want to ensure we capture our market share, so we will concentrate our efforts here, but it is still early in the process.

Our next question comes from Patrick with Autonomous Research.

There were full of chunky realizations that helped the 2Q performance fee but how are you thinking about realizations in the second half now relative to your tone on the first quarter call? And is there a tangible pipeline you can speak to or tangible pipeline building you can speak to now?

We wouldn't want to have this call without Curt ever opening his mouth. So it looks like you want to actually speak, Patrick, we're going to let Curt take a question. I think that the poor guys just don't have one question on this call.

I appreciate the question. Before I respond, I want to express my gratitude to all of our shareholders, our founders, and the analysts who follow us. Working with you has been a privilege. I have complete confidence in Harvey and John's leadership as we move forward. We have a strong team at Carlyle with significant expertise. Regarding realizations, we have $3.7 billion in net accrued carry, which translates to about $10 per share. As John mentioned, we achieved $1.5 billion in net carry realizations for 2021 and 2022, with roughly $1 billion in the first half of this year, totaling $245 million. It can be challenging to predict which deals will close, and how everything will unfold. I expect the second half of the year to be similar to the first half regarding carry. However, it's difficult to make definitive statements until activity picks up. Nonetheless, $3.7 billion in carry is substantial, and we are eager to convert that into cash.

Yes, I see that as just a significant reserve at $10 a share. It's incredible.

And our next question comes from Craig Siegenthaler with Bank of America.

My question is on the capital markets business. I know you're looking to grow this business. And at the 2021 Investor Day, Carlyle provided a transaction fee target of greater than $120 million by 2024. So I'm just curious if this target is still valid as we think about updating our models.

I wasn't here in 2021, so I can't comment on that. However, we haven't established any targets yet. I can share a bit about how our team is focusing its efforts. We're systematically working through each business to ensure we have the right connectivity and plans in place to drive value. As a business, it can be challenging to predict outcomes due to its episodic nature and sensitivity to market activity. We're not looking to make significant capital commitments; rather, we aim to gradually increase from a small base of $15 million. We'll provide further updates down the line, but I'm hesitant to set hard targets. Looking back, we see meaningful opportunities in our approach compared to how we would have previously viewed them, and I feel optimistic about this.

Thank you, Harvey. And Curtis with you. Best of luck with your next venture.

Thanks, Greg. Really appreciate it and it's been fun.

Our next question comes from the line of Adam with UBS.

Following up around realizations, I don't know if Curt gets a twofer out of this but there's been press during the quarter and more recently around a potential monetization of a significant holding in China. And obviously, I don't expect you to comment on a specific deal. But I just wanted to broaden that out because the other part of the press piece was that the asset might be included in a continuation vehicle. So I wanted to broaden that out and just ask about the potential use of continuation vehicles at Carlyle given the amount of mature assets that you have in different portfolios and the potential benefits of that for the firm? And also maybe a comment on the deal backdrop in China.

Thanks for the question. Let me make a few comments here. So first, we focus on our business operations across Asia. We've got a great track record there and the team does just a phenomenal job really operating across Asia. China, India and many of the countries in that arena. And so feel really good about the team and what they've accomplished and what they continue to do. I'm hesitant to talk about any specific deal because things aren't done. Continuation funds are tools that we look at, there's complexities with continuation funds, as you're all aware and so it's not something that we routinely do. We spend a lot of time thinking it through and examining all of the potential conflicts around that. But really, it's premature to comment on anything specifically on this. And I would say that those things also take some time to kind of pull together. So comments I made before in terms of the second half are still the right way to think about it for your near-term modeling.

I have a follow-up with Michael Cyprys from Morgan Stanley.

I was just hoping you could maybe elaborate a bit on the deployment pipeline and the potential for new deal activity. Maybe you could talk a little bit about how you're seeing that backdrop evolving? How are terms and structures adjusting? And given the improvement in equity markets and reduction in volatility, what seems like peak Fed funds here, I guess what are the key hurdles do you see at this point for deals getting announced and getting completed?

I'll give you my perspective on that. I would say that from the deal team perspective and the flows we're seeing and I would say there's been a marked improvement in sentiment. And I think we can be more optimistic about activity going forward. But I'd say the market still feels fragile. CEO confidence is improving. But we've had a major shift, obviously, in the cost of capital which I talked about. And I think across the marketplace, that's still being digested. Of course, this will be worked through. But that would give you that perspective at a high level but we're seeing some interesting opportunities. Our teams are being very selective in deploying capital. John, I don't know if you want to add anything to that?

Yes. Look, I think it comes down to confidence. And I think you're starting to see the level of confidence increase among executives. And I think that's a positive thing. I do think we're still absorbing the high rate environment we're in. I think that caught a lot of people off guard. Thankfully, we've hedged most of our capital structures. So look, I think you're going to start to see more activity, looking at our pipelines across the platform. Our pipeline logs are looking a little better but I think it's going to take time.

Any particular areas where you might expect activity to return first versus what may take a little bit longer and what may not come back?

I would say, I think you're going to see activity come back in private equity and credit pretty much at the same time. I don't think one is necessarily ahead or behind the other.

I'm currently showing no further questions at this time. I'd like to hand the conference back over to Mr. Daniel Harris for closing remarks.

Thank you, operator and thank you all for your time this morning and, of course, your interest in Carlyle. If you have any questions, feel free to follow up with Investor Relations after the call. Have a great day.

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect. Everyone, have a wonderful day.