Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Cohen & Steers Third Quarter 2022 Earnings Conference Call. During the presentation, all participants will be in a listen-only mode. Afterwards, we will conduct a question-and-answer session. As a reminder, today's call is being recorded, Thursday, October 20, 2022. I would now like to turn the conference over to Brian Heller, Senior Vice President and Corporate Counsel for Cohen & Steers. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you and welcome to the Cohen & Steers third quarter 2022 earnings conference call. Joining me are our Chief Executive Officer, Joe Harvey; our Chief Financial Officer, Matt Stadler; and our Chief Investment Officer, Jon Cheigh. I want to remind you that some of our comments and answers to your questions may include forward-looking statements. We believe these statements are reasonable based on information currently available to us, but actual outcomes could differ materially due to a number of factors, including those described in our accompanying third quarter earnings release and presentation, our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and our other SEC filings. We assume no duty to update any forward-looking statements. Further, none of our statements constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the securities of any fund or other investment vehicle. Our presentation also contains non-GAAP financial measures referred to as adjusted financial measures that we believe are meaningful in evaluating our performance. These non-GAAP financial measures should be read in conjunction with our GAAP results. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures is included in the earnings release and presentation to the extent reasonably available. The earnings release and presentation, as well as links to our SEC filings, are available in the Investor Relations section of our website at www.cohenandsteers.com. With that, I'll turn the call over to Matt.

Thank you, Brian, and good morning, everyone. Consistent with previous quarters, my remarks this morning will focus on our adjusted results. A reconciliation of GAAP to adjusted results can be found on Pages 18 and 19 of the earnings release and on Slides 16 through 19 of the earnings presentation. Yesterday, we reported earnings of $0.92 per share compared with $1.06 in the prior year's quarter and $0.96 sequentially. The third quarter of 2022 included a cumulative adjustment to compensation and benefits that increased the compensation to revenue ratio. Revenue was $140.2 million for the quarter compared with $154.3 million in the prior year's quarter and $147.7 million sequentially. The decrease from the second quarter was primarily attributable to lower average assets under management across all three investment vehicles, partially offset by one additional day in the quarter. Our effective fee rate was 58 basis points in the third quarter compared with 58.2 basis points in the second quarter. Operating income was $60.1 million in the third quarter compared with $70.4 million in the prior year's quarter and $64 million sequentially. Our operating margin decreased to 42.8% from 43.3% last quarter. Expenses decreased 4.3% when compared with the second quarter as lower compensation and benefits and distribution and service fees were partially offset by higher G&A. The compensation to revenue ratio with the cumulative adjustment referred to earlier increased to 35.04% for the third quarter and is now 34.5% for the nine months ended, 25 basis points higher than our previous guidance. The decrease in distribution and service fee expense was primarily due to lower average assets under management in U.S. open-end funds as well as the mix shift into lower-cost share classes. The increase in G&A was primarily due to higher hosted conferences and an increase in travel and entertainment expenses. Our effective tax rate remained at 25.25%, consistent with the guidance provided on our last call. Page 15 of the earnings presentation sets forth our cash and cash equivalents, corporate investments in U.S. treasury securities, and liquid seed investments for the current and trailing four quarters. Our firm liquidity totaled $269.9 million at quarter-end, compared with $227.7 million last quarter, and we continued to be debt-free. Assets under management were $79.2 billion at September 30, a decrease of $8.7 billion or 9.9% from June 30. The decrease was due to market depreciation of $7.4 billion, net outflows of $598 million, and distributions of $680 million. Advisory accounts had net outflows of $220 million during the quarter, compared with net outflows of $408 million during the second quarter. Japan sub-advisory had net inflows of $132 million during the third quarter compared with net inflows of $23 million during the second quarter. This marks the third straight quarter of net inflows. Distributions from these portfolios totaled $235 million compared with $242 million last quarter. Sub-advisory excluding Japan had net inflows of $211 million during the third quarter, compared with net outflows of $90 million during the second quarter. The third quarter included an inflow of $200 million from a new relationship into a U.S. real estate portfolio. Open-end funds had net outflows of $732 million during the third quarter, compared with net outflows of $244 million during the second quarter. The third quarter included $1 billion of outflows attributable to an intermediary who, based on current market conditions, decided to eliminate its model allocation to U.S. REITs. Net inflows into multi-strategy real assets, global listed infrastructure, and global real estate were more than offset by net outflows from U.S. real estate and preferred securities. Distributions totaled $293 million, $248 million of which was reinvested. Let me briefly discuss a few items to consider for the fourth quarter. Since the start of the year, market depreciation has resulted in a meaningful decline in our assets under management, and we have ended each of the past two quarters with assets under management that were lower than average assets under management. In response to the corresponding decline in revenue that this will present, we have reduced our incentive compensation accrual and increased our compensation to revenue ratio. In addition, with respect to new hires, the bar has been raised significantly, and we do not anticipate any meaningful headcount additions through year-end. As a result, and all things being equal, we expect our compensation to revenue ratio for the fourth quarter to remain at 34.5%. We expect G&A to increase 12% to 13% from the $47.2 million we recorded in 2021. Although we continue to review discretionary spending to identify areas where we can reduce costs, 2022 included certain investments in technology, including the ongoing implementation of a new trading and order management system that were necessary and are expected to result in future operational efficiencies. Additionally, although our T&E has increased from last year, it is still below pre-pandemic levels. Finally, we expect our effective tax rate will remain at 25.25%. Now, I'd like to turn it over to our Chief Investment Officer, Jon Cheigh, to discuss our investment performance.

Thank you, Matt, and good morning. Today, I'd like to briefly cover three areas: first, our performance scorecard; second, the current environment, and how our major asset classes are performing; and last, some of the high-level takeaways from our recent white paper, which we view as the beginning of a very important education process entitled private and listed infrastructure, the case for a complete portfolio. Turning to performance, in the third quarter, eight of nine core strategies outperformed their benchmarks. Over the past 12 months, again, eight of nine strategies outperformed. The sole underperformer this quarter was our midstream energy strategy, which very modestly underperformed by 2 basis points, but it's still outperforming by 69 basis points year-to-date. Measured by AUM, 81% of our portfolios are outperforming their benchmarks on a one-year basis, a decline from 93% last quarter. The biggest driver of the decline since last quarter was the performance of our U.S. real estate opportunity strategy, which tends to have greater weightings in value-oriented small caps, which have been relatively more impacted by the environment. On a three-year and five-year basis, 100% of our AUM is outperforming. From a competitive perspective, 97% of our open-end fund AUM is rated four or five stars by Morningstar compared with 98% last quarter. While Q2 absolute returns were challenging, our excess returns continue to be broadly positive. Because we are in a bear market, our investment teams are acutely focused on risk management, balance sheet quality, and earnings risk. As we demonstrated in 2008 and in 2020, bear markets are sometimes the best times to mine and deliver alpha for our investors. While today, we are being cautious with the swift and significant asset repricing that has happened in public markets, we are increasingly bullish about the forward investment opportunity across all of our asset classes. During the quarter, hopes for a Fed pivot were dashed, and forward curves now reflect very restrictive monetary policy. For the quarter, global equities were down 6.7%, and the Barclays Global Aggregate was down 6.9%. In contrast to prior quarters, real assets generally modestly underperformed equities. Preferreds, though, meaningfully outperformed global bonds. Turning to our three major asset classes of infrastructure, real estate, and preferreds. Infrastructure lagged the broader equity markets in the third quarter, down 8.9%, as the market reacted to the roughly 80 basis point increase in the 10-year treasury yield during the period. While the more cyclical and inflation-sensitive parts of infrastructure outperformed, the more interest-rate-sensitive subsectors in the universe, utilities and telecom infrastructure lagged. We expect infrastructure to outperform in today's macro-environment, characterized by slowing economic growth, persistently high inflation, albeit falling from today's high levels, and higher market volatility. Furthermore, private infrastructure capital continues to find its way into the listed markets. Typically as listed infrastructure companies sell assets to these private funds, these transactions are coming at significant premiums compared to where the listed companies are trading, supporting our view that the public infrastructure markets are attractively priced relative to private market valuations, creating a tactical opportunity within what we think is a strategic allocation. U.S. and global REITs also lagged the equity market with declines in the quarter of 10.9% and 11.6%, respectively. Inflation is traditionally a tailwind for real estate performance, but declining growth expectations and the historically sharp rise in real yields has instead dominated. For perspective, looking over the last 30 years, U.S. REITs have on average declined 20.9% in recessions versus their year-to-date performance of minus 27.9%. In other words, REITs have likely priced in a worse than average recession. In contrast, the commonly cited private real estate ODCE Index has produced year-to-date performance of plus 10%. We strongly believe this is a timing difference and does not reflect some intrinsic difference between public and private real estate. Given this lag in private market revaluations, we believe with high conviction that REITs will provide materially better returns than core real estate as currently priced over the next three years. Today, REITs are being used as a source of liquidity. But over time, we expect allocations out of private into listed for investors able to take advantage of this return-enhancing portfolio shift. Shifting to preferred securities, core preferred securities were down 2.3% in the quarter, outperforming the Bloomberg Global Aggregate return of minus 6.9% and investment-grade bond performance of minus 5.1%. We believe there is a great deal of tightening and slowing already in the system. We expect that inflation will be materially lower 12 months from now; however, it may stabilize at higher than pre-pandemic levels. As a result, we believe we are near the end of the tightening cycle. Long rates will likely fall as we get close to the terminal rate hike, although credit implications will be more nuanced. We find yields very appealing now at 7% to 10% across our investment universe. Investment-grade yields are 6% now. Aside from the global financial crisis, the last time IG yields were 6% was from 2006 to 2007 when the overnight rate was 5.25%. Therefore, we believe a great deal of tightening and growth contraction has already been priced into credit and preferred markets. Preferreds also continue to offer materially higher income rates than investment-grade corporate bonds, tax advantages that make after-tax income attractive versus munis, and importantly, strong credit quality with well-capitalized banks and insurance companies generally still seeing earnings improve as rates and net interest margins rise. So in summary, for our major asset classes, the short-term may be challenged by tightening and economic slowing. Strategically, we are particularly positive about the long-term asset allocation need for infrastructure in real assets. But tactically going into 2023, as we get to the other side of tightening and slowdown, we believe the best investment opportunity will likely come from areas most impacted this year, real estate and preferred securities. Before I pass the call to Joe, I'd like to provide three important takeaways from our recently published white paper, private and listed infrastructure in the case for a complete portfolio. We believe this research is important because infrastructure investor demand is significant and in our view is too biased towards private allocations with the two most commonly cited reasons being that listed infrastructure are just equities and that private structures help produce an illiquidity return premium. When comparing the performance of private and listed infrastructure in 2004 and 2021, we reached the following three conclusions: first, in the short run, listed infrastructure may be more correlated with equities and infrastructure, but after only four quarters, listed infrastructure is far more correlated with private infrastructure at greater than 80%, and 90% correlated at holding periods greater than three years. Second, over that long-term time period, listed infrastructure produced a superior arithmetical return of 9.8% versus private infrastructure of 9.4%. Lastly, the reported volatility of private infrastructure is roughly half that of listed. When adjusted for appraisal-based smoothing, private and listed volatility are essentially the same. We have high conviction that investors need more infrastructure in their portfolios. We believe the combination of education and great investment performance will allow investors to realize that listed infrastructure is a more efficient and often less expensive way to access the attributes of infrastructure. With that, let me turn the call over to Joe Harvey.

Thank you, Jon, and good morning. It was a challenging quarter in terms of market volatility and share price depreciation. Flows were negative, reflecting the market environment, but we have elements of strength in business development, and our relative performance remains strong. While we still see attractive corporate investment opportunities, we intend to prioritize initiatives more stringently and defer some discretionary spending until the magnitude of the recession becomes clearer. We are in the midst of one of the biggest regime shifts in the macroeconomic environment in my career. In my view, two notable features of this transition have emerged. First, the cycle is taking a long time to unfold, reflecting the significant momentum that our economy had and that Chief Capital has been available for many years. Routinely, now the Fed has been criticized for being behind the curve, the latest being the speed of tightening without allowing for the economy to respond. Second, the adjustments to financial asset prices could continue to be challenging as interest rates move from zero to more normal levels, at the same time as investors require higher risk premiums. In other words, multiples are compressing while inflation is flowing through earnings power. Several factors make me think about higher required risk premiums including de-globalization, the end of the Fed put, and the end of the fiscal put, as recently evidenced by the bond vigilantes showing up in the U.K. De-globalization, together with the Fed jumping from one side of the monetary policy board to the other, could create more volatility in the economy, in earnings power, and in growth rates. Meantime, asset allocations are being reevaluated as fixed income reprices. One-year treasury bills yielding 4.6% is a noteworthy benchmark. While this sounds like a challenging investment environment, and it is, it will ultimately create opportunity. Our relative performance, as Jon reviewed, remains strong. Last quarter, we called our performance unique due to the rapid market regime changes over the past few years. The same qualifier holds true in bear markets, which are torturous, confounding, and emotionally taxing. Rallies are typical and powerful due to short covering, providing another challenge for our portfolio managers. The important ingredients to navigating bear markets include patience, awareness that they take time to fully play out, investment frameworks that guide the discovery of the unknowable and tail risks, and, of course, strong leadership and focus. Fortunately, our firm's financial strength and positioning within asset management allow our investment teams to continue to focus on investing. In the third quarter, we had net outflows of $598 million firm-wide, bringing year-to-date outflows to $559 million. Outflows in the quarter were driven primarily by U.S. REITs and, to a lesser extent, by preferreds. In U.S. REITs, the outflows were attributable to one allocator in our flagship fund, Cohen & Steers Realty Shares. In addition, three advisory separate account clients trimmed portfolios to fund private real estate commitments or to take profits. Offsetting the outflows in U.S. REITs, we had inflows into global real estate, global listed infrastructure, and multi-strategy real assets. Open-end funds had net outflows of $732 million. Gross inflows were 18% below the trend line, reflecting that volatility has made investors and wealth managers more hesitant to allocate to risk assets. Redemptions were the second-highest ever after the record set in the second quarter. Bright spots in the wealth channel were the 17th straight quarter of inflows from defined contribution and the ninth straight quarter of inflows into our offshore SICAV funds led by our multi-strategy real assets SICAV. The one allocator to U.S. REITs just mentioned accounted for $1 billion of outflows in open-end funds in the quarter. They follow an economic cycle-based approach and have been positioning for a recession. The remaining allocation of $200 million was liquidated after the quarter completing their program. The other major story in the open-end funds was preferreds. Two months of inflows into Cohen & Steers' Preferred Securities and Income Fund, precipitated by market expectations of a Fed pause in July and August, were offset by redemptions in September when the pause was not realized. Our multi-strategy real assets fund was a bright spot with inflows of $174 million in the quarter and $647 million year-to-date. Advisory had outflows of $220 million. Gross inflows included $400 million from four new mandates, yet were offset by the three client rebalances previously mentioned. New accounts were in global listed infrastructure from an African sovereign wealth fund, in U.S. REITs for our corporate pension, and multi-strategy real assets for a corporate pension, and global real estate, which was a takeaway from an underperforming peer manager for a state pension fund. Advisory has had five straight quarters of outflows, driven by various reasons including harvesting profits from opportunistic fundings during the pandemic drawdowns, rebalancing for planned funding needs, and navigating this year's volatility. The most important takeaways for me are that demand for our strategies continues to grow, our sales team is well organized and has a good strategic plan, and we're enjoying more success with asset consultants. Bottom line, we need to bring in more new accounts to offset the inevitable churn that occurs during market environments such as this. Sub-advisory ex-Japan was driven by a new variable annuity mandate of $200 million, where the client hired us to replace an affiliated manager in U.S. REITs. As Matt reviewed, Japan sub-advisory had net inflows, which were supported by strength in the U.S. dollar versus the yen. One of the U.S. REIT funds that we sub-advised for Daiwa Asset Management is among the best-selling funds. Our won (ph) and unfunded pipeline is $1.1 billion compared with $1.5 billion last quarter. $820 million of last quarter's pipeline was funded, and we won $562 million of new unfunded mandates. Measured by AUM, our pipeline is 65% global real estate, 13% U.S. real estate, and 13% global listed infrastructure. Looking forward, we have shaped our corporate priorities for 2023 based on our investment views, asset allocation trends, and client demand. Our first area of priority is the accelerating demand for global listed infrastructure and multi-strategy real asset allocations. We are mobilized to educate on asset allocations and offer both core and customized solutions. In each of these asset classes, our relative performance is strong, so our goal is to gain market share in those growing asset classes. The backlog of opportunities in institutional advisory for global listed infrastructure is significant and is broadening by investor type and geography. Factors driving the interest in infrastructure include recognition of general underinvestment in infrastructure, which can set up good investment opportunities, awareness of the difficulty in fulfilling allocations with private infrastructure alone, and the view that the investment characteristics of infrastructure can be attractive in a volatile environment. For multi-strategy real assets, the persistence of high inflation plus the risk of inflation surprises is helping to generate demand. Our second area of focus is that we believe the corrections in REIT and preferred security prices will present a compelling entry point over the next year. REIT prices are down 30% this year compared with 21% for stocks. Our valuation metrics show that REITs are cheap compared to stocks and compared to U.S. private real estate, but less so compared with bonds. Private real estate values need to adjust lower to reflect both economic slowing and changes in the debt markets, such as higher borrowing costs, lower loan-to-value ratios, and contracting loan availability. We believe that a good to great buying opportunity is emerging in preferred securities. As the yield curve adjusts to the new regime and anticipating the Fed will overshoot, the pathway of higher yields and higher than average credit spreads will present a great income opportunity currently in the 7% to 10% zone with potential for capital appreciation should the Fed turn neutral. Furthermore, for preferreds, we are planning to introduce two new strategies, which will have broader mandates, a move prompted by the improvement in the fixed income cycle. We continue to advance our initiatives in private real estate. Right now, we believe the best opportunities are available in the listed market, considering share price declines for REITs. However, the price discovery process has commenced in the private market as well. We expect that an attractive buying period is emerging in private real estate, and therefore, we are continuing our capital raising efforts and focusing on our investment strategies accordingly. In terms of distribution priorities, we are seeing more interest in listed real assets in Asia, so we expect to allocate more resources there. Another priority is organizing our wealth team to distribute private real estate in the broker-dealer, registered investment advisor, and family office segments. As the wealth channel continues to allocate more to alternatives, we will supplement our existing sales teams with specialists in private real estate. In closing, one of the biggest questions for asset managers will be how asset owners shift allocations in response to higher fixed income yields and lower plant assets. Some plans may have less flexibility due to funding needs, which could favor listed strategies. Many still need strong returns to achieve their investment goals. We believe fixed income now provides solid return potential with diversification, which didn't occur this year, but we expect will ultimately return once the rate cycle matures. This should result when portfolio tilts back to fixed income. For real assets, I believe the demand will continue for the total return, inflation sensitivity, and diversification characteristics that they provide. Operator, at this point, let's open the call to questions.

Thank you. We have a question from John Dunn with Evercore ISI. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning. You touched on the private real estate effort. You guys are engaging, and can you give more update like are you gathering assets, has asset gathering gone or are you making investments? And then this newer relative value which you've talked about between public and private, you talked about being a tactical opportunity, maybe how big of an opportunity do you think it could be for you guys?

Let me begin, and then Jon Cheigh will add to my response. Regarding our private initiative, we are exploring a couple of strategies to start raising assets. One strategy focuses on income and total return, while the other is aimed at opportunistic capital appreciation. We have acquired several assets, but currently, due to our perspective on the macroeconomic environment, we are proceeding cautiously to allow for the price adjustments in the private markets that Jon and I mentioned. We are exercising patience, but importantly, for the vehicles we are considering, there will be an element included that complements the private investments and enables us to capitalize on current market conditions. As you can imagine, we are leveraging the capital we have raised to explore opportunities in certain property sectors within the listed market. Jon, do you have anything to add?

There has been a 40% difference this year between the performance of private markets, which is up 10%, and public markets. While there are distinctions between public and private, the fundamental and valuation dynamics do not account for such a significant gap. Historically, we've observed delays in private valuations, especially during downturns, as public markets may continue to rise while private markets decline. This creates a substantial return gap. Presently, however, there is a lack of liquidity, as illustrated by recent events in the UK. Some investors can pursue return optimization, but many are focused on liquidity, choosing to redeem liquid assets over those not yet marked down. We believe investors will eventually capitalize on the substantial valuation spread, but that may take time. A significant amount of capital has flowed into the private real estate market from both institutions and wealth channels. It’s likely that not only institutions will rebalance their portfolios but individuals will also adjust their investments, and advisors may change their recommendations on the allocation between private and public assets due to the notable valuation shift.

Got you. You mentioned two significant movements in your historically strong growth areas, with REITs experiencing a sell-off and preferred yields rising. Are you beginning to see investors and portfolio managers taking a more opportunistic approach that might lead to inflows? I believe you discussed this in terms of the upcoming year, but could we see flows returning sooner in these two sectors?

Let me start again. This is Joe, and I'll ask Jon to add to what I have to say. In my remarks, I mentioned that we experienced inflows in our preferred fund during the first couple of months of the quarter, which seemed to correlate with investors anticipating a pause from the Fed. This suggests that investors are waiting for the Fed's tightening process to unfold. I believe there are investment opportunities in terms of yield, and I think there may also be potential for capital appreciation stemming from this process. As a result, investors appear to be poised to venture into preferreds, likely in the near term. However, with respect to real estate, we haven't yet seen a significant interest. I noted that a couple of clients have reduced their portfolios to support private commitments, which feels contrary to our recommendations at this stage. Historically, we've seen that listed assets decline first, followed by corrections in the private market, but then listed assets tend to recover first. We believe there is considerable value in the listed market. There is still some hesitation from investors as they await the Fed's tightening process to unfold and seek clarity on the potential recession and its impact on real estate fundamentals. Currently, real estate fundamentals are relatively stable, which is a positive sign. Nevertheless, we expect that investors will start to gradually invest in real estate as they observe the cycle's progression. We're advising them on this, and once the Fed's process advances to the next phase, stocks will likely begin to anticipate the recovery that follows.

Got you. And maybe another quick question about the REIT area. You mentioned that REITs have decreased by 27%. Do you expect there might be some potential recaps similar to what we observed in '09 to pay off those losses or acquire some offensive capital?

Yeah. So I mean that's a good question. Look, we're not generally at that kind of extreme yet. The first thing I'd say is balance sheets of real estate companies, whether measured by things like debt to EBITDA or weighted average maturity, I'd say, for the most part, they've all meaningfully improved since the financial crisis, mainly because we all lived through it and learned some lessons. That being said, we've been in the zero-interest rate environment and the tide has gone out. So we would expect that there are going to be some opportunities in different places. Now opportunities can mean recaps, but it can also mean we haven't had a lot of IPOs because frankly, there's been a lot more money on the private side than there has been on the public side. We could see IPOs to help recapitalize companies, which is what happened after the S&L crisis, that's how the modern radar got started. We could be cornerstone in those IPOs. We could be doing pre-IPOs for companies that had growth plans, thought that they were early in the cycle, and then all of a sudden it was the end of the cycle. I think for all these, they can be really good opportunities. Like we saw in 2009, it could be a great beta opportunity because this helps to unlock value, but there's just a lot of alpha in it. We think some of these opportunities are in the U.S., probably by percentage a little bit more are in Europe, where leverage has run a bit higher than here in the U.S. or we're going to see situations of developers and there's been a lot of development of whether it's be on the residential side, the industrial side, the data center side. Anything like that that assumes if things are going to continue the way they are, you're going to see some opportunities there. So we definitely think we'll see some of those, but it doesn't just have to be recaps.

Good. Could you provide an update on the institutional advisory side? It seems that you've been increasing your investments in non-U.S. advisory recently. What does that business look like now and what is the outlook? Also, could you comment on the U.S. side a couple of years after the reorganization? Lastly, you mentioned Asia as a priority. What is your business in Asia, excluding Japan, like at this point?

Let me start. In terms of where we've made the biggest investments, it actually has been in U.S. advisory, and that goes back two, two and a half, three years ago to when we brought in Dan Charles to head up and unify all of our distribution. Then he, along with our Head of Advisory, Jeff Sharon, changed our model to be more of a regional model that would unify within those regions, the sales, consultant relations, and client relationship coverage. We've also changed our compensation structure to be more success-based. We're really pleased with all of those developments. On the scale of what we're doing in advisory, that's where the biggest changes and investments have been made. As I said in my talking points, I'm pleased with our team and what we're doing. We've just been in a period where between the pandemic and now the macroeconomic shifts, this has been a more challenging environment for the advisory business. But when we look at the pipeline and the backlog and the interest in our strategies and where it's coming from, along with how we're doing on the consultant relations front, which is heavily supported by our investment performance, we're feeling pretty good about that segment. Outside of the U.S., we've had success in the Middle East, and our pipeline and backlog demonstrate what's been happening, which is broader adoption of listed real assets, specifically real estate and infrastructure by other types of investors around the world. We've been seeing some green shoot interest from Asia Pacific. So we've got some new mandates in our recent fundings and in our pipeline. We think that's going to continue. We're going to allocate some more sales resources in Asia Pacific. This is very consistent with the long-term trend of investors raising allocations to real assets in portfolios. And then within that, complementing private allocations with listed, which is our view on how these allocations could be made. You've kind of gotten a flavor for that, and as Jon and I have talked about where we're at in the cycle and how each of those mediums can complement one another.

Got you. Maybe one on the cost side and we can talk about '23 G&A in January, but can you remind us where like the bulk of your investment dollars are going and what in particular the money you're spending now can translate the quickest into organic growth?

There are two buckets for asset managers. One is our talent and we've been in a fortunate situation where we've had a lot of organic growth historically, and part of that is just more accounts, more customized portfolios, and that requires more team members. As we've added new strategies, new capabilities such as private real estate, that's another driver of our need for talent. As both Matt and I talked about, obviously, with the change in our asset levels, we need to be more disciplined about matching resources and team size with our opportunity set. We think we still have opportunities, as illustrated by Jon's setup on the investment opportunity set; we're going to have opportunities. So we're balancing the near-term challenges that the markets are providing with the longer-term investments that represent the market share opportunities we have. The other big bucket is using balance sheet capital to seed strategies and we've seeding a couple of preferred strategies and, of course, we've got the private real estate strategies which represent very attractive uses of our balance sheet capital.

Great. Can you provide more details about the construction of your U.S. real estate portfolio? You mentioned some opposing factors, including positive trends in rents and reduced construction in more logistical areas, but there's concern about foreign real estate prices. What is your outlook for the market you are in?

If I understand your question correctly, the economy has experienced a slight slowdown, and we've noticed a minor decline in fundamentals, but nothing significant. Most of the adjustments this year stem from expectations of higher capital costs, which have led to shifts in multiples and considerable earnings downgrades. The sectors most affected are those with lower cap rates and higher multiples, such as industrial, apartments, and cell towers. While these sectors appeared attractive in a low-interest rate environment, they do not seem as appealing with the one-year treasury rate around 4.7%. In terms of our portfolio positioning, it is quite balanced, with limited exposure to office properties in the REIT sector. We favor sectors like residential, retail, and self-storage, as they offer stability against rising rates and demonstrate solid pricing power, especially in self-storage and residential markets.

Yeah. And maybe just one kind of like under the hood business side correlate to that question. Those insights, how do you communicate those to clients during the sales process?

Well, it depends upon the client, but I mean we're always talking with our existing clients and prospective clients about our people, our process, and our views on where we are in the cycle. Active management is really important in all of our asset classes. These are at least one of the important ingredients for why we chose these asset classes. Expressing those views, for example, five or six years ago, we might have owned zero retail, when at least at that time retail was viewed favorably. When I tell people that in our U.S. portfolio about 1% of our U.S. REIT portfolio is office that's very surprising to them, and so it's certainly part of the process of talking about the outlook and how we created alpha and how we're going to create alpha in the future.

I would just add, John, to conclude here, we are deeply committed to generating capital for our clients, which we achieve in various ways. This includes our relationship managers understanding exactly what prospects are interested in and engaging with them directly, as well as having research available on our website. We recently launched a new version of our website and just a couple of weeks ago held our Annual Investor Conference, which serves as an excellent platform for our teams to share insights with clients and meet with them one-on-one. Our investment teams, focused on a single asset class, are always eager to collaborate with investors to provide education on our asset classes. We have numerous team members and multiple methods for delivering our insights.

Great. Thank you very much. Appreciate it.

Thanks for your questions, John.

And we have no further questions on the phone lines. I would now like to turn the call over back to Joe Harvey for closing remarks.

Great. Well, simply, we appreciate your time today, and we look forward to our next earnings call in January of 2023. So, thank you.

That concludes today's call. We thank you for your participation and ask you to please disconnect your lines.