Greetings, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to Energy Recovery Third Quarter of 2022 Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. A question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Mr. Jim Siccardi, Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Hello, everyone, and welcome to Energy Recovery's 2022 third quarter earnings conference call. My name is Jim Siccardi, Vice President of Investor Relations at Energy Recovery. I am here today with our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Bob Mao and our Chief Financial Officer, Joshua Ballard. During today's call, we may make projections and other forward-looking statements under the Safe Harbor provisions contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding future events or the future financial performance of the company. These statements may discuss our business, economic and market outlook, growth expectations, new products and their performance, cost structure and business strategy. Forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to us and on management's beliefs, assumptions, estimates or projections. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and other factors. We refer you to documents the company files from time to time with the SEC, specifically the company's Form 10-K and Form 10-Q. These documents identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in our projections of forward-looking statements. All statements made during this call are made only as of today, November 2, 2022 and the company expressly disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements made during this call to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, unless otherwise required by law. At this point, I will turn the call over to our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Bob Mao.

Thank you, Jim, and thank you everyone for joining us. We recognize today's challenging economic environment with a potential global recession, rising interest rates, inflation, a strengthening dollar and lingering supply chain issues. We are not immune to these macro events. However, by the nature of our business and the strength of our balance sheet, we are in a better position to navigate these headwinds. Despite these macroeconomic headwinds, we achieved our second highest revenue quarter to-date of $30.5 million in the third quarter. We continue to anticipate a record Q4, which will mark our sixth consecutive record revenue year. While we anticipate signing roughly $130 million in contracts to ship this year, we are experiencing some markup project customer-related delays, which could result in revenue landing between $121 million and $125 million for 2022. Meanwhile, we are on track to exceed our industrial wastewater guidance of $3 million for this year. We will discuss these risks as well as our successes today. Josh will then also take you through our guidance for next year and outlook for 2024. The takeaway is that we believe we are well positioned with the right technology and strategy, even for this environment, despite any headwinds globally and feel confident about our long-term prospects. As usual, we will start with our water business. In 2022, it seems that water scarcity issues are increasing at a heightened pace across the globe. This is evident with new headlines highlighting record low water levels in places as desperate as the Western United States, around the Mississippi, in the U.S., a ring of Europe, LATAM, and in England, throughout Italy and across the world. Growing water scarcity highlights the need for solutions that create more sustainable and stable sources of freshwater. Our water business, including both desalination and industrial wastewater, are part of that solution. For this reason, and to remain the dominant market leader in these growing markets, we continue to invest in innovative new products to stay at the forefront of these industries. In October, we launched our newest Pressure Exchanger, the PX Q400. The Q400 is our most efficient and highest capacity PX available. It has generated substantial industry interest, including our first purchase orders. The Q400 is targeted at larger scale desalination plants as well as potential industrial wastewater applications. The Q400 can handle 33% more water flow than the Q300 model. It offers an industry-leading mixing rate of less than 3%. And provides a nearly 1% increase in efficiency at maximum PX flow capacity, which translates into significant additional dollar savings for our customers over the Q300. We also recently announced a new Pressure Exchanger for low-pressure water applications. One example of this is brackish water desalination, such as underground aquifers, which typically requires much lower pressures than seawater desalination. Our new low-pressure PX should help us expand our presence in brackish water desalination. We are also innovating in industrial wastewater. Our team has worked with our customers to develop new PX products that address industry's specific needs, such as our new U250 PX. This PX increases the flow capacity of our Ultra PX line by six times, allowing larger industrial wastewater plants to implement this technology. We are seeing demand for such devices in industries like the lithium battery market and brine mining in desalination. We're working on additional products to offer further flow capacity that can process other types of wastewater to continue expanding into potential industrial wastewater verticals. Results from the field continue to show that our Ultra PX is achieving efficiencies of at least 93% while generating significant savings for our customers, as we described last quarter. The profiles collected from these initial deployments are proving instrumental in helping us to grow our product leadership positions and our backlog in these key verticals, while heightening our value proposition through efficiency gains and market-leading reliability. We continue to see the results of these efforts in the lithium market, where we have secured 15 separate contracts from lithium refining, recycling and mining markets in China. According to Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, current global leasing volumes will need to increase by 2024 to meet demand by the middle of this century. By 2040, nearly 20% of leasing will be sourced from recycled batteries. The lithium market is an important segment of our growing industrial wastewater backlog. With our more customer-focused marketing approach, we are seeking to extract additional market share in this market. We are also actively investing in developing our brand name and building a market leadership role within the Asian industrial wastewater industry in verticals such as textile, where we expect to see significant growth in the coming years. We are committed to building the teams and presence we need to be successful in this market. We have set aggressive targets for our team, and we will hold ourselves accountable for delivering on these targets. To sum up, we will continue to strengthen our competitive position in desalination through 2023 and beyond to meet our 2026 target of $200 million in revenue. In addition, we will continue to invest in our industrial wastewater business to build our volume sales by investing in new product innovation, personnel in key markets, including China and India, and the increased local marketing efforts. To stay on track of our $30 million to $70 million revenue goal for 2026, we must significantly grow industrial wastewater revenue in 2023 and 2024. Given our backlog, we feel comfortable in our ability to double our revenue in 2023. For 2024, we are targeting a range of $12 million to $20 million. Now let's turn to our CO2 business. As we have previously stated, we are focused on achieving volume sales in 2023. We're comfortable with the technology and the results in the field and continue to see growing interest from the refrigeration market, as evidenced by new sales orders and increased activity by our OEM partners and others. It's an exciting time for Energy Recovery. I'll start with an update of our partner-related activities. First, we successfully commissioned our PX G by Vallarta Supermarkets here in California. The unit has been transforming reliably as expected in the past few weeks. But it is too early to provide data because we're now entering the cooler months; we expect the efficiency gains will be less than those we initially experienced at our first installation in Europe. As a reminder, our technology improves in efficiency as outside temperature rises. Continuing the momentum from the successful commissioning, we're working with Vallarta on potential future deployments of PX-enabled systems in 2023. Our PX G installation in Southern Europe continues to perform optimally, which has frankly exceeded expectations. However, we have not accumulated as much experience in these early weeks as we would have liked due to commissioning issues relating to ancillary equipment, which resulted in some delays in running the PX G. When running, the PX G has delivered efficiency gains of up to 25% during the hardest days of the summer. We are also discussing with our partner on potential deployment for next year. We hope to have more of an update on those locations in early 2023. Our US-based partner, whom we announced in our call in August, has been working with our technical team to optimize their system architecture with the intention of deploying their first PX G enabled CO2 system as a supermarket here in the U.S., which will likely occur in early 2023. In addition, we expect to ship multiple units to other customers through the end of this year and early 2023. In fact, we will recognize our first revenue in the fourth quarter of this year. While this revenue may not be very material, it marks a major milestone in our path to volume sales. Importantly, these sales also include our first four units to an industrial partner in Europe for two locations in Europe. These sites will be the first locations to utilize multiple PX Gs, and we are already discussing future installations for 2023. We will be able to update you on these upcoming shipments on our year-end earnings call in February. Finally, we have begun to see an uptick of interest from European heat pump manufacturers. This is in part a response to our recently published EPAM reference design, but also follows our participation in the largest refrigeration and heating technology trade show held annually in Germany. We were one of the only disruptive technologies at the conference, and interest in our capabilities was high from both refrigeration and heat OEMs at the conference, and these discussions have led to increased activities in the weeks since. Our early partner success is a significant milestone for our business. We are showing that one, the refrigeration and heating industries are hungry for new technologies to help address their challenges with CO2 systems; two, that CO2 is the future of both refrigeration and heat pump applications; and three, that our products can provide concrete value by reducing energy consumption just as we have consistently done over 20 years in desalination. As we look forward to 2023, we must begin to deliver on volume sales. Our CO2 business is a startup and just beginning to enter the market. Therefore, it is too early to provide exclusive backend. However, what I can tell you is that any volume sales in 2023 would be weighted through the second half of the year and likely remain in the single-digit millions. Michael is to exit 2023 with a backlog and/or pipeline that points to double-digit millions in sales in 2024, showing that we are on track to our $100 million to $300 million targeted revenue for 2026. We clearly have a lot of work to do to achieve these markets. However, we believe market interest is strong and that the potential pipeline volume is there as we further gain acceptance of our technology in the industry. In 2023, we'll be increasing investments in sales and account management talent, as well as technical service resources to provide after-sales commissioning and product support as we launch and expand marketing to further build our brand name in the industry and drive demand from the end customers of our technology. Supermarkets and industrial users, we will continue to invest in engineering and technology through one, partnering closely with OEM and supermarkets on the most efficient architectures used for PX, and provide further improvement to our technology; and two, furthering our heat pump applications. We believe we are providing the vast nature of our PX technology platform while meeting the targets required by the disciplined growth strategy metrics we have put in place. We continue to execute on the strategy we have laid out for you over the last several quarters. Despite the global economic headwinds this year has brought, we are making significant progress and continue to grow our business.

Good afternoon, everyone. I'll start first with providing a few more details on our top line growth. Revenue grew 47% in the third quarter year-on-year, and that has grown 18% year-to-date. The real story within these results is the strength in OEM and aftermarket sales, which have finally broken through our COVID lows in 2020 and 2021. OEM sales, excluding industrial wastewater, have grown over 60% year-to-date and aftermarket has exceeded 30%. These strong results reflect, in part, a backlog of projects that were delayed in the past couple of years. It is likely that 2022 will be our largest year ever in both OEM and aftermarket sales. As I mentioned in prior calls, our mega project revenue started out slow in the first half of the year but is picking up in the second half as expected. While Q3 was a strong quarter, our fourth quarter should be our strongest ever led by mega-project shipments. However, as Bob mentioned, there is some risk in our fourth quarter. I want to be clear that this risk is simply due to temporary project-specific delays. While we are seeing some changes in the timing of a few individual projects, we are not yet seeing a shift in our longer-term outlook related to global economic events. There were two key project-related shifts this year. First, about $4 million of our 2022 backlog is shifting to Egypt, where local capital controls have been put in place to slow hard currency payments due to a weakening Egyptian pound. This has slowed our ability to ship and recognize this revenue. While the timing is in flux, as of today, we are confident these projects will shift either this year or next. Second, another $6 million project in the UAE was delayed due to the replacement of the EPC itself. This project is being rebid and revenue is likely delayed until 2024. We're working hard to solve these challenges, but there does seem to be more risk to the timing of our 2022 revenue, which is why we've adjusted to a range. In 2023, the dynamics of our desalination revenue will likely change somewhat. First, after a COVID rebound in OEM and aftermarket sales, we expect these channels to remain relatively flat to slightly down in 2023. However, our mega project channel should exhibit growth of 6% to 12%, which shows continued strength in our most important channel for desalination growth. Therefore, in 2023, we are currently projecting overall desalination revenue growth of between 3% to 7%. However, the actual growth rate in 2023 will much depend on our final 2022 results. And so, I will update you again at the next earnings call. This may be slower growth than 2022. However, we often talk about the lumpy nature of our desalination revenue, as a slight shift in the timing of one or two mega projects can have an outsized effect on growth in a given year. This is in part what we are seeing in 2023. You should also note that this growth is overweighted to the latter half of next year due to the timing of these mega project shipments. Our first quarter will likely be our lowest quarter of the year at between $10 million to $15 million in revenue, and our second quarter could fall to between $20 million to $25 million with the remaining balance split between Q3 and Q4. We anticipate 2024 to be another strong year for desalination, where revenue growth could again exceed 20%. This growth in 2024 will put us back on an average 15% growth trend and put us well on the path to achieving our $200 million target in desalination revenue by 2026. We believe the secular strength of desalination remains strong. In industrial wastewater, we are targeting $6 million to $8 million in revenue in 2023, which would mean doubling from this year. At least a doubling again of revenue in industrial wastewater in 2024 will keep us on track to hit our target of $30 million to $70 million in 2026. Despite our bullish niche, we are watching global events and in particular, three main risks in the short to medium term: inflation, the strengthening dollar and a potential global economic downturn. The biggest risk to our outlook is in our desalination OEM and aftermarket channels where we have visibility on average of only about six months. These two channels could be more negatively affected by a strengthening dollar, or a potential global economic slowdown because 40% to 50% of their revenue is made up of a variety of industries and many countries. We are already experiencing a negative effect related to the dollar with our sales in Egypt, as I described earlier. While 60% to 70% of our revenue is currently in the Middle East, where there is little fear of a rising dollar or an economic downturn, it could affect customers in other parts of the world such as North Africa, Asia and Latin America. We are less concerned as to how these economic events could affect our launch in the CO2 business. This is a new business and whether there is a slowdown in the overall industry is largely irrelevant to us. As the transition to CO2 means that the CO2 market will continue to grow at a very fast pace regardless. In addition, our product helps supermarkets save money, which only becomes more valuable in a challenging inflationary environment. Now let's turn to gross margin. We remain on target to achieve our guidance of 66% to 68% gross margin in 2022 and will likely end the year at the higher end of this range. We still expect to see some softening of our water margin in 2023 as we experience growing wages, increased tariffs and other inflationary pressures. In addition, we are expecting a growing shift in product mix whereas we are providing more integrated packages, including racks and manifolds, which have grown to as high as 4% of revenue this past year. Racks and manifolds are an added service to our customers, but largely a pass-through cost for us at a much reduced margin. Of course, as every company is today, we are looking at pricing and methods to increase manufacturing efficiencies to mitigate the effect of increasing costs. Altogether, we are currently estimating a water gross margin of between 64% to 66% in 2023. Our blended top line gross margin will depend on the level of CO2 sales next year as the nature of our volume sales in the startup business begin to take shape in 2023, I will be sure to update. Let's now turn to operating expenses. Our OpEx, excluding the one-time expenses associated with seasoning VorTeq operations, continues to evolve in line with what I've described in past calls. This year, we are trending to roughly 48% to 49% of revenue based on our original revenue guidance or approximately $63 million to $64 million in OpEx when excluding those one-time expenses. This OpEx range translates to 50% to 52% of revenue based on our adjusted guidance for this year. You will note that sales and marketing spend represents up to 80% of growth in recurring OpEx in 2022 as we ramp up our CO2 and industrial wastewater teams. Also included is the post-COVID balance spend as our desalination sales team returns to traveling, trade shows pick up and so forth. We expect this dynamic will remain much the same in 2023 with lower single-digit growth in G&A spend, largely driven by wage inflation and headcount added in 2022, along with inflationary increases in insurance and professional services spend such as auto. We expect growth of high 30% to 40% in sales and marketing spend as we accelerate investments inCO2 and industrial wastewater and flat to a possible slight decrease in R&D spend due to the lack of VorTeq investments in 2023. Overall, we expect OpEx as a percent of revenue to come in at 52% to 53% next year. This will be a slight increase over 2022 and we remain steadfast in maintaining our disciplined approach to spend as we grow. Inflation and our need to invest in sales and marketing ahead of future sales has simply caused a bit of a bump. However, I remain confident that by 2026, we can still reduce our operating spend to a lower percent of revenue likely in the 30% to 35% range. In 2024, assuming we achieve the growth we are targeting, we will see the trend of OpEx decreasing as a percent of revenue begin to accelerate. As we look forward to 2024 through 2026, G&A spend should continue to grow at a much slower pace than revenue and therefore, normalize over this period. Sales and marketing spend will likely remain elevated over the next year or two, but should begin to fall to a more normalized range of 5% to 10% of revenue as we realize revenue for our new business plan. And finally, based on our current strategy, R&D spend should continue to grow slowly and therefore, fall below 10% of revenue in the coming years. What does all this mean for our bottom line profitability? In 2023, we are currently projecting a somewhat weaker operating margin compared to 2022 between 10% to 14% and adjusted EBITDA margin of 19% to 23%. We should see our operating margin begin to grow again in 2024 through 2026. The simple math is this: if we assume an average blended gross margin of 60% by 2026 within our three business lines and reduce our OpEx to 30% to 35%, this implies an operating margin over the long run of 25% to 30%, and therefore, an adjusted EBITDA margin of roughly 35% to 40%. In our projections of net profit, we are assuming a 15% to 20% tax range, which I would use for projections going forward. Let's now turn to cash. Our current cash and security balance remained at a healthy $87 million in Q3, and we believe we will end the year at between $90 million to $100 million. Where we end in that range depends solely on the timing of customers we see at this point. We have clearly made a significant investment in inventory this year. However, this pace will not continue. First, we will ship out a lot of pressure exchanges in the fourth quarter. Second, while you continue to see growth in our raw material inventory levels, that will begin to reduce by early 2023. We had two goals this year. We have targeted to end the year with four to five months of pressure exchanger inventory, which is roughly what we ended last year with. Also, we continue to build a raw material inventory in light of production and supply chain issues in both China and Europe, which we believe we can begin to moderate as we head into 2023. As we look forward, we should begin to see a reduction in inventory levels in Q4, which will likely continue throughout the first half of 2023. We will need to be careful to balance our finished good inventory levels with a changing product mix, which includes our new Q400, our industrial wastewater products and the PXG. In addition, we must keep an eye on our capacity needs as we gauge how quickly the CO2 business will ramp up in the latter half of 2023 and into 2024. Increased finished good levels of our stable water products, for example, could help to free up capacity in 2024, if it needed for CO2. In short, we will keep you updated as these businesses evolve next year. We are expecting to invest $4 million to $4.5 million in total CapEx by the end of this year, and likely a similar level in 2023 as we continue to upgrade our manufacturing equipment in San Leandro and in the overall facilities. We do not expect a large increase in CapEx to occur until we begin to see growth in CO2, at which time we will need to invest in new capacity to manage future growth. At this time, there is no plan for additional share buybacks.

Thank you, everyone. We will now open the floor for questions. The first question comes from Pavel Molchanov of Raymond James.

Thank you for the questions. I'll begin with the short-term outlook for desalination. We usually view desalination as not significantly affected by economic conditions. This was evident during COVID in 2020, for instance, considering the delays in project timelines. Are these delays related to broader economic factors, or are they mainly due to physical construction setbacks?

Hey, Pavel, this is Josh. These are very specific project delays. It's not related to the overall economy at all at this point. Well, I mean, with the exception, I guess, you could say, with Egypt, with their currency having a little bit of trouble, obviously, that's causing some specific delays. But otherwise, it's really unrelated to the economy at this time. And to your point on desal being decoupled, I think that is true with the mega projects, and that's what we saw in 2020 when COVID began. It's less true with OEM projects that are much more variable; roughly 60% of our smaller OEM projects are municipalities, which are probably less affected, but the other 40%, give or take, are a variety of industries, which could be affected. So during COVID, the hospitality and travel industry got hit really hard, for example. So it just really depends on where the economic effect is happening in a given country.

Okay. Following up on desal, you touched on water scarcity being kind of a worldwide story, may not be limited to the Middle East. As we hear more headlines, for example, from California and parts of Europe on desal new builds. Are you seeing that in incoming orders or at least perspective customer engagements?

We are not seeing it yet in the incoming orders in Europe or the US at this time. Now, we are seeing it, for example, in Asia. Asia this year is growing about 30% versus closer to 10% for the Middle East, for example. So we're definitely seeing it in Asia, but not yet quite in the US or Europe.

Okay. My third question is on the margin profile between the wastewater solution and the desal solution, with wastewater becoming a bit more needle moving in the revenue mix next year. Does that lower your kind of blended margin profile? In other words, are you averaging in a lower-margin product as you grow the wastewater business?

We are not where we started out. For instance, at our last earnings call, we mentioned that we had a one-year payback. This indicates that our initial sales were lower margin, but we are already exceeding 60% and starting to approach the desalination margins at this point.

Okay. And lastly, I think three months ago, there was still some potential for finding a VorTeq partner, is that still remotely possible?

I suppose remotely anything is possible, Pavel. I'm not assuming a high chance of success there, no.

Understood. Thank you, guys.

You bet. Thanks, Pavel.

Thank you.

Thank you. The Operator Instructions. We have a follow-up from Pavel Molchanov of Raymond James.

Well, I did not want to monopolize, but maybe I'll ask a few. On the refrigeration solution, I think the target that you indicated maybe six months ago was for that business to be at breakeven kind of first half of 2023. Is it fair to say that it will take a little longer than that, maybe another year or so?

Probably to the latter part of 2022.

Right. Okay. You mentioned the backlog in refrigeration that is expected by the end of next year. Where geographically is the demand seen? Is it likely to be a European story due to the regulatory environment?

We see Europe and now in recent weeks, we start seeing movement at the end user level in the U.S. as well.

What drives that demand? Is it simply cost savings for the end user, or is there a regulatory aspect involved, such as a mandate?

The regulatory mandate is for the industry to shift out of HFC and therefore into natural refrigerants. In the natural refrigerants, CO2 seems to be becoming really dominant. So from a regulatory push point of view, you got the customer going to CO2; they are compliant. But as we have said at the outset a couple or several quarters ago, CO2 burns more energy. So for the end user, regulatory push comes with a financial pain, and that's where we're coming. We can reduce the energy burn. Our results are also showing that when properly designed and dimensioned, the whole refrigeration system construction should not incur additional capital expenditures due to adding our equipment. That's what we mean by capex neutrality. Why? Because our PX does have compressor, air cooler functions, and valve function. So the incorporation of our PX, if properly designed and constructed, will reduce the need for the other components, which pays for the PX. And if we truly reach capex neutrality, then the payback becomes instantaneous. That is energy saving. And of course, energy savings, as well as the electricity used to run these systems, are not 100% renewable energy, then energy savings also translates to a smaller emission footprint.

And then finally, on guidance for next year, when we add the 3% to 7% growth rate for diesel with 6 million to 8 million of wastewater. I want to make sure I'm doing the arithmetic right; I get to somewhere in kind of 130 million to 135 million of total top line as reported, is that accurate?

Yes, probably a little higher, probably more like 133 to 137, somewhere in there. That's right, Pavel. And it will really depend on how we end at the end of this year with that range because even that $4 million range for us is a few percentage points, right? So we'll see how that ends and when those projects shift, and then I can update.

Okay. Okay. That's very helpful. And thanks as always for posting the script online.

You bet.

Thank you.

Ladies and gentlemen, as we have no further questions on the lines, this concludes our question-and-answer session. I would now like to turn the conference over back to Mr. Jim Siccardi for closing remarks.

Thank you, everyone, for joining us today. We look forward to speaking to you again in February. Have a great evening.

Goodbye.