Good morning, and welcome to MiNK Therapeutics' Second Quarter 2025 Conference Call and Webcast. Please note that this event is being recorded. If anyone has any objections, you may disconnect at this time. I would now like to turn the conference over to Zack Armen from MiNK's Investor Relations. Zack, please go ahead.

Thank you, operator, and thank you all for joining us today. Today's call is being webcast and will be available on our website for replay. I'd like to remind you that this call will include forward-looking statements, including those related to our clinical development, regulatory and commercial plans, timelines for data release, and partnership opportunities. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Please refer to our SEC filings available on our website for a detailed description of these risks. Joining me today are Dr. Jennifer Buell, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Christine Klaskin, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer. Now I'd like to turn the call over to Dr. Buell to highlight our progress from this quarter.

Thank you, Zack, and thank you all for joining us today. At MiNK, we continue to be the most clinically advanced company, industrializing off-the-shelf invariant natural killer T cells. Based on our observations and experience with T cells, we continue to believe that these are the most important cells for immune reconstitution and disease elimination. We'll talk about a little bit of that today. We're pioneering the science. And as you can see from our financials, we have some of the most disciplined operations and efficient use of capital in this state. In the first half of this year, we've made meaningful clinical progress scientifically and operationally with important financial actions that now extend our runway beyond mid-2026. This position is a result of deliberate burn rate reduction, streamlined operations, and the strategic integration of high-impact funding. In this quarter, we achieved significant milestones. We published important observations from our clinical trials, including a complete clinical response in a 49-year-old man with metastatic testicular cancer. This patient had failed all standard therapies and multiple investigational therapies as we reported in Nature's Oncogene just last month. I'll go into more of the details shortly. This durable response underscores the potential of our iNKT platform, particularly allo-INKTs, agenT-797, to address unmet needs in cancer and other immune-related diseases. Additionally, we also reduced our Q2 operating cash burn by over 30% year-over-year, reflecting our operational efficiencies. Momentum in late-stage strategic partnership discussions continues with increased market capitalization following the Oncogene publication, signaling growing investor confidence in iNKT therapies. This visibility has led us to refine the structure in terms of the potential partnerships that were under discussion to maximize value for science, operations, and our shareholders. We remain in active dialogue with multiple parties and continue to see strong interest in our science and our platform with the goal of securing partnerships that can expand our capabilities, extend our runway, and accelerate our program execution. To summarize the landmark clinical cases that I just highlighted a moment ago, the data that we published in 2025 demonstrates how iNKT therapy can address some very challenging and refractory cancers. In July, Nature's Oncogene published our report of a durable complete remission in a 49-year-old man with metastatic testicular cancer, unresponsive to platinum-based chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue, checkpoint inhibitors, and anti-TIGIT-based therapies, showing the potential. A single dose of 797 infusion without lymphodepletion and without HLA matching achieved a sustained remission for now more than 2 years with no cytokine release syndrome or graft-versus-host disease. These findings were led by oncology experts, Dr. Benjamin Garmezy and Dr. Tony Greco. Earlier in the same Nature Oncogene journal, we presented a refractory gastric cancer case also resistant to chemotherapy, immune therapy, and checkpoint inhibition. This patient, after a single administration of agenT-797, experienced greater than 40% tumor shrinkage that was durable beyond the 10 months of the monitoring period. These data spurred our currently ongoing Phase II trial in collaboration with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dr. Yelena Janjigian, and Dr. Sam Cytryn. These data were presented at ASCO GI and at AACR-IO showing that 797's ability not only to rapidly traffic the tumor, turning immunologically cold tumors hot, even in PD-1 resistant cancers. Our iNKT cells are a rare immune subset with intrinsic tumor homing capability. The capacity to infiltrate disease tissue and with the unique immune regulatory function can both activate antitumor immunity and temper harmful inflammation is unusual and unique to this cell type. Unlike conventional T or NK cells, iNKTs recognize glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules, enabling them to engage targets that are not accessible to most other immune effector cells. This dual capacity to kill directly and to orchestrate other immune components positions iNKTs as an important element in the therapeutic armamentarium in both oncology and immune-mediated diseases. Now our exciting frontier beyond oncology, we are applying iNKTs to immune complications during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and to severe inflammatory syndromes such as acute respiratory distress syndrome. The opportunity here is substantial. In stem-cell transplantation each year, thousands of patients with advanced hematologic malignancies, including AML, CML, MDS, and ALL, undergo allogeneic transplantation. These patients, more than half of them, face risks of graft-versus-host disease, failed engraftment, and disease relapse. Our upcoming Phase I trial of 797 will specifically evaluate the prophylaxis of acute graft-versus-host disease in adults more than 18 years of age undergoing allo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from any donor type, whether matched sibling, matched or one allele, unmatched, or haploidentical, following essentially standard treatment, which is myeloablative, reduced intensity, or non-myeloablative conditioning with post-transplant cyclophosphamide. Eligible patients will have a KPS greater than 70 and meet standard allo indications. The commercial opportunity is substantial. In the U.S. and Europe alone, we see an estimated more than 20,000 patients eligible in this setting. The preliminary data published by Dr. Jenny Gumperz, one of our leading scientific advisers, have demonstrated early in preclinical settings, the mechanism of action that we believe underlies the ability of these cells to not only prevent GvHD but also to enable successful engraftment. If agenT-797 is effective in this indication, this could represent a first-in-class high-value opportunity to transform transplant outcomes while meaningfully expanding our commercial reach. In respiratory distress, 797's immune modulating properties, reducing hyperinflammation while preserving anti-pathogen immunity have already shown very encouraging survival signals and clinical experience, including virally-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. The global respiratory distress incidence is over 3 million cases per year with no approved modifying therapies. Even a targeted subset, such as mechanically ventilated patients with moderate to severe ARDS, could represent a substantial market opportunity. We expect to announce relatively soon the advancement of a randomized Phase II/III study with external funding to advance iNKT cells in patients with respiratory distress, building on our published data in Nature's communication. Now these programs, the GvHD program and the ARDS program, are going to be advanced through some substantial support externally, with DoD funding for the STTR grant and supportive funding from University of Wisconsin Cancer Center grants to Dr. Jenny Gumperz and Dr. Hongtao Li. Our HSCT trial is expected to begin enrollment this year. Dr. Gumperz and Dr. Li's early work suggests that iNKTs can enhance donor stem cell engraftment, limit GvHD, and potentially obviate the need for cytotoxic lymphodepletion ultimately. This would be a paradigm shift. This program will use a dose escalation design with two different doses to evaluate safety, GvHD incidence, time to engraftment, relapse rates, early immune reconstitution, and prevention of infections. Importantly, this trial and the associated translational research are funded to proceed with minimal capital impact. Finally, our engineered iNKT programs. While our lead focus remains on our native allo-iNKT program, we're also developing engineered approaches that appear to be best-in-class based on our preclinical observations. Our CAR-iNKT program, MiNK-215, was featured most recently in Frontiers in Immunology. What our lead Scientific Advisory Board Chair, Dr. Mark Exley, called one of the world's foremost experts in iNKT biology, has called an iNKT manifesto. These data were published just three weeks ago, and this work outlines a framework for applying engineered iNKTs to solid tumors, potentially overcoming some of the trafficking and persistence limitations seen with conventional T and engineered NK therapies. Looking ahead, we anticipate several important catalysts. We expect top-line data from our Phase II gastric cancer trial by the end of 2025, the initiation of our GvHD Phase I trial in the same time period, and further advancement of our MiNK-215 program, including the potential addition of a strategic partner or more than one strategic partner. With a lean cost structure, a strong balance sheet, and multiple value-creating milestones ahead, MiNK is well positioned to advance multiple programs in parallel while preserving shareholder value.

Thank you, Jen. We ended the quarter with a cash balance of $1.7 million. Since quarter end, we've strengthened our financial position by raising an additional $13 million through equity sales. This reinforces our resources and extends our cash runway through the middle of next year, providing a solid foundation to advance our programs and execute on the upcoming milestones Jen just highlighted. Our net loss year-to-date reflects the continued investment in the progression of our agenT-797 program and increased noncash expenses compared to the prior year. Net loss for the second quarter of 2025 was $4.2 million or $1.06 per share compared to $2.7 million or $0.73 per share for the second quarter of 2024. For the six months ended June 2025, our net loss was $7 million or $1.76 per share compared to $6.5 million or $1.82 per share for the same period in 2024. I'll now turn the call back to the operator for questions.

And our first question comes from Mayank Mamtani with B. Riley Securities.

Congrats on a strong quarter. Could you talk a bit more about this preventative GvHD trial design, the number of patients, and endpoints you're looking at? It looks like you're looking at 2 dose levels. It would also be helpful to put this in context with what we have as approved different mechanisms, I believe, post-transplant in the late-line GvHD setting? And then I have a couple of follow-ups.

Thanks, Mayank. Great to hear from you. So this trial is going to be designed currently as a phase I. We'll do a couple of patients as a run-in for safety with a lower dose, just a handful of patients, and then we'll move to a higher dose, which has been our target dose, which is 1 billion cells per patient, which we believe is going to be the target dose here as well. That will expand for signal seeking in about 20 to 25 patients for the first part of the trial. We have an opportunity to expand this. We believe, based on the preclinical evidence and when you look head-to-head with some of the commercially available agents right now and preclinical models, the iNKTs not only appear to be more tolerable but also more effective. There are a couple of areas where these cells can be more effective because they don't just mitigate GvHD; they can enable engraftment success, which will also mitigate GvHD. So getting these cells in early, enhancing engraftment success and then preventing infections, which we've seen both in virally induced lung conditions as well as in some of our oncology programs, it's going to be an important part of this. And mitigating GvHD, of course, is additional to that. So a more tolerable regimen that could be more effective, not only in engraftment success, infection reduction, and GvHD mitigation.

And then on the 797 gastric cancer study, it looks like you are going to have some updates before year-end. Could you maybe give a little bit more color on what that could be? And if any medical conferences you're targeting? Lastly, I didn't see in the press release about the FAP-CAR targeted iNKT program that you have. With the cash balance that you have now, are there plans to maybe fast-track that? Or are you trying to be more focused on the autoimmune side of things?

Thank you very much. Well, so there are a couple of questions. I think I'll start with your first. Gastric cancer, we started enrolling now over 18 months ago, and therefore, we have some mature clinical follow-up. We presented data at the AACR-IO, and it was a plenary session and a poster presentation by Dr. Cytryn. What we have been able to show is that in a disease setting that is essentially an immune desert, when we administer 797, we see CD8 T cell infiltration across the stroma into the tumor and then disease elimination. The biomarker data are publicly available on our website. They'll also be published in a formal peer-reviewed journal. What we did not present at AACR-IO was the clinical follow-up on these patients. We look forward to getting the survival follow-up and seeing some of the immune modifying properties of these cells deliver something that we believe is not only clinically valuable but presents a substantial survival benefit for patients with this very difficult-to-treat disease. With respect to the FAP-CAR iNKT, our focus right now is to advance these cells in some of these immune-mediated diseases we see. This has been on our hot list for a substantial amount of time. We're thrilled to be able to advance this in partnership with the University of Wisconsin as well as the DoD to get these cells into this very important disease setting. We think that there is a way to interrogate the biology in the disease setting that we'll launch in that we're going to test in first and then ultimately change the paradigm of how patients are currently undergoing stem cell transplantation, which is an incredibly difficult regimen. It's also difficult for the patient. They spend many weeks alone in a hospital. So I think that these cells can make a substantial change here. That said, our FAP-CAR iNKT, you've seen the data that we presented at AACR and at SITC and at the cell therapy meeting. The differentiation of this product is very impressive. We have essentially developed the viral vectors in a GMP environment, and we've conducted a substantial amount of the IND preclinical activity. We've done quite a bit of work. We've been able to do so very efficiently. Now in our own hands, we have the capability to start to do small-scale manufacture of that at very limited cost. Therefore, we do believe that we can advance this program to an IND with limited expense. We also have quite a bit of partnering interest in this program, and there may be a collaborator that will work with us to advance this that will further accelerate our ability to do so and also minimize the financial impact on the company in doing so. It is our highest priority, and our capital will be focused on getting the immune-related disease settings underway very aggressively, while our FAP-CAR iNKT will move in parallel, but with a far less financial impact.

Our next question comes from the line of Matt Phipps with William Blair.

This is Eric on for Matt Phipps. Just one question. So I know you guys have previously mentioned that you're running 2 potential studies in graft-versus-host disease, maybe one more focused on the prophylactic setting, another more focused on acute steroid-refractory patients. I was just wondering if you could provide any updated thoughts on this development plan.

The program that is now funded and advancing is primarily focused on the prophylactic setting. Patients will receive engraftment, treatment, and dosing with cells to assess the success of the engraftment while minimizing infections, including those related to the transplant, and reducing the risk of GvHD. The trial will include our capability to achieve this. We will not be administering it to patients currently experiencing GvHD; instead, our focus will be on prevention.

Our next question comes from the line of Emily Bodnar with H.C. Wainwright.

I'm curious if you can give us more info on how much these 2 grants are. I guess what percent of the clinical trial costs for the GvHD program do you expect those to fund? And then curious if you could give more color on the Phase II/III trial you mentioned in ARDS and what the registrational path could look like there?

Thanks, Emily. So for the first, these are fully funded. Now MiNK does retain the ability with the partnership that we have with the university, as well as the PIs, to provide support if there are specific questions we want to ask, biomarker questions, translational data, things that are not currently drafted into the program that are ancillary and may strengthen some of the scientific literature with this. So it's at our discretion. The trials are going to go without our capital infusion but may allow us some flexibility to interrogate more biomarkers and expand the trial or support acceleration of the program in some capacity. Respiratory distress is near and dear to us. We have some announcements that we are planning to come out relatively soon. Our observations, just as a quick reminder, is that we saw patients who were elderly, intubated, and some on VV-ECMO. We not only saw substantial improvements over what's best available care for patients right now in the ICU, with survival exceeding 80% in patients on VV-ECMO and 75% on those mechanically ventilated, particularly at the time that we studied when patients were dying at very rapid rates. The comparable controls from a control group in the same centers that we were testing the cells, the survival was between 10% and 22%. These data have excited us quite a bit. Importantly, we've also had the opportunity to interrogate some of the cytokines and the local immune modulation of these cells, and we published the anti-inflammatory signal. Secondly, we also observed a reduction in secondary infections, including no bacteremia, fungemia, etc. We also had a couple of emergency use cases, some of which we just dosed the cells, and others, we have the opportunity to dose the cells plus commercially available cytokines. We've observed that these cells are the most critically important component of the regimen for these patients. You'll be seeing some data coming out relatively soon showing that upon administering these cells within 24 to 40 hours, we could see complete elimination of fungemia, particularly cocci, which is a problem and is causing atypical pneumonia, which is growing in prevalence in our country and worldwide. We believe that this trial will address a few things. One, that the FDA has clear guidance on the outcomes of respiratory distress despite the fact that there are currently no approved trials and no approved products to treat respiratory distress in patients right now. This therapy appears to be, in the words of Dr. Terese Hammond, our lead investigator, the most broadly acting therapy that she has had her hands on in the ICU. We will look at 28-day mortality as the FDA's convention and what they've suggested to us. We will also look at prevention of secondary infections. We will look at ventilator-free days, so getting patients off of a ventilator to also help prevent some comorbidities associated with the use of ventilators, and we will look at oxygenation as an important part of this. In our clinical trial, we observed that we quickly enhanced pulmonary function and oxygenation in the lungs upon administration of the cells. This trial will be designed to give us the full scope of what these cells can do with primary endpoints designed for FDA registration. That is something that we will certainly do in partnership with the FDA.

There are no further questions at this time, and this concludes the Q&A session. I now turn the call back to Dr. Jennifer Buell for closing remarks.

Thanks, operator. Thank you all for joining us and for being with us today. We're eager to share further updates on our clinical and strategic progress, which will be forthcoming. Thanks again.

This concludes today's call. A replay will be available in the Events and Presentations section of our investor website at https://investor.minktherapeutics.com/events-and-presentations. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.