Hello, and welcome to the nLIGHT First Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the call to Joe Corso, CFO. Please go ahead.

Thank you, and good afternoon, everyone. I'm Joe Corso, nLIGHT's Chief Financial Officer. With me today is Scott Keeney, nLIGHT's Chairman and CEO. Today's discussion will contain forward-looking statements, including financial projections and plans for our business, some of which are beyond our control, including the risks and uncertainties described from time to time in our SEC filings. Our results may differ materially from those projected on today's call, and we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statement, except as required by law. During the call, we will be discussing certain non-GAAP financial measures. We have provided reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures in our earnings release, which can be found on the Investor Relations section of our website. I will now turn the call over to Scott.

Thank you, Joe. First quarter revenue of $44.5 million and overall gross margins of approximately 17% were within the guidance range. Continued careful management of operating expenses, working capital, and capital expenditures enabled us to increase cash, cash equivalents, and investments to $121 million with no debt. As discussed last quarter, we believe Q1 is our trough revenue quarter and expect growth in the second quarter. We also expect the second half of the year to be stronger than the first half of 2024, with increasing visibility for continued growth driven by our defense business. Before turning to the details of the quarter, I would like to reflect upon nLIGHT's recent history and business transition. We founded nLIGHT with the vision that laser technology would improve at a rapid rate and open up new applications for lasers in both commercial and defense markets. This past week marked the sixth anniversary of our IPO. Since then, we've experienced important changes in our business. Some of the changes have been beyond our control, the most significant of which was a rapid and dramatic geopolitical shift with respect to China. In the face of this change, we made several fundamental changes to our business to position ourselves for long-term growth. We shifted our manufacturing footprint away from China and into the U.S. and a contract manufacturer. We developed innovative products for a nascent but fast-growing metal additive manufacturing market. We acquired Nutronics to deepen our presence in directed energy, and we pursued and won multiple new defense contracts. These changes have been a drag on our income statement performance, but through disciplined operating expense control and working capital management, our balance sheet is strong, and we are well positioned for growth. This growth will be driven by our dual-use strategy. We serve both the commercial and defense end markets, each of which has its own set of growth drivers. To understand our long-term revenue opportunity, it's important to review what we believe is possible in each of these core markets. Aerospace & Defense has emerged as the most significant growth opportunity we have in front of us today. nLIGHT has been focused on the aerospace and defense market since inception, and our recent investments in technology and capabilities position us for significant growth in this market. We are working on programs with strategic importance to the U.S. government and with funded backlog plus contract value exceeding $300 million, we have strong visibility into our revenue pipeline over the next several years. Geopolitical unrest and ongoing military complexities in the Middle East, Ukraine, and elsewhere are driving the need for more sophisticated, cost-effective defense solutions built upon semiconductor and fiber laser technology. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the fragility of the global supply chain and a critical need to bolster domestic infrastructure to support the U.S. defense base. Our defense business spans a wide range of laser-based applications and we've become a critical supplier to the U.S. Department of Defense and multiple programs for U.S. allies. More specifically, there are two areas of our Aerospace & Defense business that are driving our growth: laser sensing and directed energy. Laser sensing products use lasers for object detection, measurement, and inspection, and are used in a wide range of land, sea, air, and increasingly space applications. A few examples of our laser sensing products include missile guidance, proximity detection, range finding, and countermeasures. Our products have been incorporated into several significant and long-running defense programs and are expected to enable several new classified large programs. In directed energy, we are designing and building solutions aimed at addressing a growing range of threats to military forces and infrastructure, offering significant advantages over traditional kinetic weapons, including speed of light engagement, low cost per shot, and deep magazines. We believe that a combination of our leading technology capabilities and U.S.-based vertically integrated business model provides us with significant competitive differentiation in this market. Our broad portfolio of products for the directed energy market, which includes semiconductor lasers, fiber amplifiers, beam combined lasers, and beam control solutions enables us to engage strategically with domestic and international partners across the entire directed energy ecosystem. As a result, we expect strong growth in our Aerospace & Defense business in 2024 with further upside in future years based on current contracts and potential future awards. Turning to our commercial markets. In microfabrication, we pioneered the development of single-emitter fiber-coupled semiconductor lasers and have been a market leader in this area for many years. Our patented high brightness, high-power semiconductor lasers are a critical enabling component of many pulse lasers available in the market today. We continue to see an increasing number of laser-based manufacturing processes across a wide range of applications in the automotive, consumer, communications, and electronics industries. We are also in the early stages of adoption of lasers in a handful of medical applications. Taken together, we believe that our microfabrication business is relatively steady and will grow modestly over time. In industrial, where we serve the cutting, welding, and additive manufacturing markets, our growth picture is more mixed in the near term. Although each of our markets has specific opportunities and challenges, pervasive inventory corrections combined with persistently soft demand across the industry is impacting each of the end markets we serve today. In cutting, the industry and our business continue to shift towards higher power solutions. Cutting represents the largest portion of our industrial business today and is comprised primarily of our programmable fiber lasers. Although competition from Chinese manufacturers has impacted sales of our standard lower-power lasers, we continue to deliver innovative programmable lasers to customers seeking flexible solutions that deliver superior edge quality and overall machine tool performance. Over time, we expect our high-power fiber lasers to continue to displace legacy cutting technologies and will open up additional market applications. In welding, we focus primarily on the battery and EV market. Welding is a relatively small part of our business today in terms of both revenue and internal resources, but we are optimistic for growth. We're developing innovative products that address our customers' most critical pain points and initial customer engagement with products we intend to release over the coming months has been positive. In additive manufacturing, we continue to see strong long-term growth prospects. We are working closely with multiple strategic customers to drive broader adoption of additive manufacturing across various industries. Fundamentally, we believe the adoption and growth of the metal additive manufacturing market will be driven by higher tool productivity, resulting in lower overall part cost. The advantages of our Corona AFX lasers are clear. Additive manufacturing tools using Corona AFX have been widely demonstrated to increase build rates by a factor of 2x to 8x, which substantially reduces part cost. Although our additive business is not a driver of our year-over-year growth in 2024, primarily due to the challenges of a single customer, broader customer engagement has been strong and we expect growth to resume significantly in 2025 and beyond. Overall, although we expect our commercial business in microfabrication and industrial to grow over time, we expect 2024 will be a down year from a top-line perspective. Turning to the details for the quarter. In Aerospace & Defense, first quarter revenue increased 3% year-over-year to $21.7 million, representing 49% of total revenue. During the quarter, we continued to execute on our key directed energy programs, HELSI II and DE M-SHORAD, both of which are progressing well. In Industrial, first quarter revenue decreased 40% year-over-year to $12 million, representing 27% of total revenue. While sales of programmable lasers into the cutting market increased year-over-year, sales of non-programmable lasers decreased significantly and revenue from a key additive customer last year did not repeat in Q1. In microfabrication, first quarter revenue decreased 17% year-over-year to $10.8 million, representing 24% of total revenue. We continue to work closely with our key strategic customers, but demand has been soft for the last several quarters. In summary, although the first quarter was challenging from a revenue perspective, we believe we are well positioned for growth going forward. 2023 marked a significant shift in both our overall business and manufacturing strategy, and we are confident that we are aligned with the right markets, customers, and programs to drive long-term growth. Our balance sheet is strong, and our world-class engineering team continues to introduce innovative products for both the commercial and defense markets. As I indicated last quarter, I remain optimistic for growth in 2024 and for renewed momentum to carry into the next year and beyond. With that, I will turn the call over to Joe to discuss our first quarter financial results.

Thank you, Scott. Total revenue in the first quarter of 2024 was $44.5 million, above the midpoint of guidance, but down $9.6 million or 18% compared to $54.1 million in the first quarter of 2023. Q1 Aerospace & Defense revenue increased 3%, but was offset by a decrease from the industrial and microfabrication markets. Products revenue was $29.4 million compared to $41.1 million in the first quarter of 2023, and development revenue was $15.2 million compared to $13 million for the first quarter of 2023. Overall gross margin in the first quarter of 2024 was 17%, near the midpoint of guidance compared to 26% in the first quarter of 2023. Product gross margin was 21% compared to 33% in the first quarter of 2023, and development gross margin was 9% compared to 5% in the first quarter of 2023. As expected, product gross margin in the first quarter of 2024 was negatively impacted by a decrease in production volumes and low absorption of our manufacturing costs. We expect product gross margin to improve as overall volumes increase as we move through 2024. The improvement in development gross margin for the first quarter of 2024 compared to the prior year is the result of new development contracts awarded in the second half of 2023. Turning to operating expenses. Non-GAAP operating expenses were $17.2 million in the first quarter of 2024 and compared to $17.3 million in the first quarter of 2023. Adjusted EBITDA for the first quarter of 2024 was a loss of $4.9 million, slightly above the high end of guidance compared to $1.3 million of positive EBITDA in the first quarter of 2023. The decrease in adjusted EBITDA was driven by a decrease in gross profit due to lower overall revenue and gross margin. Net loss on a GAAP basis was $13.8 million or $0.29 per diluted share compared with a GAAP net loss in the first quarter of 2023 of $7.7 million or $0.17 per diluted share. Turning to the balance sheet. Our balance sheet remains strong as we ended the first quarter with total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investments of $121.3 million and no debt. Total cash and investments increased by $8.2 million during the quarter. Cash provided by operating activities was $11.4 million compared to a use of cash in operating activities of $600,000 in the first quarter of 2023. Capital expenditures were $1.6 million compared to $700,000 for the first quarter of 2023. Inventory remained relatively flat during the quarter at approximately $53 million. Accounts receivable decreased by approximately $12 million to $27.5 million as a result of strong collections and timing of customer payments. Maintaining a strong balance sheet remains a key focus of the company. Strong operating expense control, coupled with careful working capital management and capital expenditure investment has enabled us to maintain a balance sheet that we believe will enable us to achieve our long-term growth objectives. Turning to guidance. Based on the information available today, we expect revenue for the second quarter to be in the range of $47 million to $51 million. The midpoint of approximately $49 million includes approximately $34 million of product revenue and $15 million of development revenue. Turning to gross margin. Second quarter product gross margin is expected to be in the range of 23% to 27% and development gross margin to be approximately 9%, resulting in an overall gross margin range of 18% to 22%. As we've mentioned previously, as a vertically integrated manufacturing business, gross margin improvement is highly dependent on production volumes and absorption of fixed manufacturing costs. In Q2, we expect to have better absorption of our manufacturing costs than we did in Q1, and we expect gross margin to improve further as production volumes and revenue are expected to increase as we move through 2024. Finally, we expect adjusted EBITDA for the first quarter to be in the range of negative $1 million to negative $5 million. We continue to expect breakeven adjusted EBITDA with quarterly revenue in the $55 million to $60 million range. With that, I will turn the call over to the operator for questions.

Today's first question comes from Greg Palm with Craig-Hallum Capital Group.

I wanted to start with Scott's mention of increasing visibility. I have a two-part question. Firstly, you mentioned being optimistic about growth for the full year, which suggests a significant ramp-up in the second half. Could you elaborate on your visibility levels regarding that? Secondly, you talked about increasing visibility for strong growth next year as well. I'm curious if that relates to the timing of currently secured contracts, new orders, or the pipeline. What gives you the confidence to describe it as increased visibility?

Yes, happy to address that, Greg. First of all, in our last call, we talked about the strong backlog we had going into the year, but with the expectation that Q1 was going to be low and that backlog that I referred to then has continued to improve. That gives us visibility not only into the second half of the year but for further growth, the majority of that backlog is in DoD-based applications. We can see continued opportunities for growth, both in directed energy and in our sensing space. I think one example that is public and a broad catalyst for our overall community is the supplemental bill that passed Congress for $1.2 billion to procure iron beam lasers. That's one example of various initiatives that are ongoing with respect to lasers.

Got it. And I guess, I'm curious, outside of A&D or maybe more so the—do you feel like when the market turns that this could become a growth driver? Again, I think you talked about it not being a growth driver this year. I think you've mentioned that additive could be a better growth driver for next year. But I'm just curious how much of it is market-related? How much of it is competition-related? And if the market gets better, do you think you're positioned to capitalize on that? Or are you just focusing a lot more on some of these A&D applications in the recent past?

Yes. Thanks for following up on that, Greg, because I do think that additive remains an important growth driver. It's disappointing to see the reduction in our growth there due to one customer. We're working closely with their management, and as they build their organization, we are supporting their plans for growth. That certainly is disappointing for this year. We are engaged across a much wider range of applications in additive, and we do see opportunities for growth. We do see additive as a market that—well, in which our differentiated technology enables our customers to drive further growth by increasing productivity and reducing the part cost for these 3D-printed metal parts. We'll be releasing more information at an upcoming rapid trade show in June. There'll be more information there. But there, we see growth driven by design wins that we're working on.

The next question is from Jim Ricchiuti with Needham & Company.

When would you anticipate the commercial business troughing? Or do you think it troughed in Q1? Because it sounds like you're still seeing very difficult conditions in both microfabrication and certainly in industrial.

Yes. I think—Jim, thanks for the question. I think that we do see some of the difficult macro conditions for sure. But as I mentioned, in respect to additive it had more to do with a particular situation with one customer. So we do see growth as we release new products that expand our design wins and expand our presence in additive and also as we release new products in cutting and welding also. We do see growth there. We have better visibility into more substantial growth in A&D, but we do see growth in industrial also.

Got it. What are you seeing in the microfabrication business? Because it's a lot more diverse. And I feel like we've been talking about weakness in that market for just a prolonged period of time. I'm wondering—are things structurally changed there? Is it competitors? Are there different competitive forces? Or are we just in a real challenging market, whether it's end market semi or just some of the other end markets. When would you anticipate the microfabrication piece turning? Would you anticipate that leading industrial? Or how are you thinking about a recovery in that part of the business?

Yes. Thanks, Jim. It is complex, and it is challenging. There’s no question about it that the end markets in microfabrication, certainly, the electronics supply chain end markets are challenging as it relates to adjustments, geopolitical adjustments otherwise with respect to the U.S., Europe, China, etc. Having said that, we do have a presence in the medical space that we do categorize in microfabrication. That is an area where we are seeing signs of growth. We're seeing some new applications in other areas of microfabrication, but it is fair to say that that remains a challenging sector for us.

And Jim, this is Joe. There is not as much visibility in our microfabrication business as in the industrial business and certainly in the A&D business. That business can come back relatively fast without us necessarily seeing it multiple quarters ahead, right? The first part of your question is also, are we seeing any sort of structural shifts or changes in competitive dynamics, right? The answer to that is not really, right? So a lot of what we're experiencing right now is just the general malaise in that market, which has been where the last couple of quarters have been at very similar levels for us.

And then the last question for me is just on the A&D side, and I think you talked about backlog and much of that backlog is, of course, DoD driven. But what are you seeing in terms of activity on the international side of the business? And a follow-up, just broadly speaking, on the A&D side since it's difficult sometimes for us to really track what's happening there? Are there any milestones we should be thinking about over the near term in that part of the business?

Good. Let me address your first question, Jim, on the international side. I did note that it's not only U.S. programs, but also our engagement in international programs continues to expand. In directed energy, in particular, the interest from a broad range of our allies has continued to grow. As complexities continue to demonstrate the need for non-kinetic defense systems, I highlighted the supplemental for Israel, which is a very big catalyst in the market. But there are other programs, like the U.K. announcing their demonstration, and there are other programs that we hope to provide more information about in the coming quarters. As for other milestones, there are not a clear set of milestones that I can highlight right now. I will say that we are making progress as we integrate the technology at higher levels, and certainly, as we're able to, we'll announce results.

The next question comes from Ruben Roy with Stifel.

The first question, I guess, would be just a follow-up on sort of what you just talked about with the milestones and how to think about that for both this year and longer term? And I guess that in the context of increasing visibility around defense revenue later this year. You cited sort of one example of what gives you increased visibility, which is sort of more discussion from the government around kind of what they want to do with lasers and that type of thing. So would you characterize the increasing visibility as more along the lines of governments' interest and actions around your technology? Or is there some function of some of the programs that you've been working on for quite a while now and that are in various phases? Are you, I know you can't talk too much about milestones with us, but are you getting more comfortable around reaching those milestones, which is giving you visibility?

Yes, Ruben, I like how you frame that because it's really both. Let me answer the second part of your question first. Yes. The current programs that we have are very important ones. We're continuing to scale power to a much higher level with the HELSI program, and we continue to make progress there. The Army's M-SHORAD program is a very important program that we continue to make progress against. There are other programs that we have in-house today. But in addition to that, I think the interest in this area, the understanding of the importance of this area, in particular, the understanding of just one benefit of directed energy is the economics. That has been shown recently, and it's becoming better understood that it's important to have a portfolio of defensive technologies. That interest is expanding at the same time that we're making progress against our current programs.

Very helpful. And as a follow-up, I wanted to maybe ask a longer-term and higher-level strategic question around the commercial markets. I assume even with this prolonged environment, which has been challenging, that there's still a lot of activity going on from a development and innovation perspective. And so when you take a step back and look at your various areas of technology, is the strategy still the same? Are you still as excited about these markets that you've outlined? Thank you for doing that. Meaning cutting, medical devices, welding, additive manufacturing, and some of the other markets? Or given that we've got this lull period, Scott, would you say that it might be time to take a look at potentially some of these areas that might be worth investing more in? For instance, it seems like welding could be a very interesting TAM expansion opportunity for fiber lasers, whereas cutting, you might have more competition coming online, both in China and outside of China. So just wondering if the strategy around commercial markets has changed at all or if you're still going full speed ahead as you have been?

Yes, good. I appreciate that question because it's something that I want to highlight. In subsequent calls, I look forward to being able to announce new product introductions. I think as these markets shift over time, our product strategy certainly has adjusted. The sub-standard lasers that go into, say, cutting tools are not a core focus for us, but the enhanced performance we have with our Corona technology and some other software that we add to the lasers allows us to do things for customers that others can't do. That opens up new applications. I've noted thicker metal cutting as one example in the cutting market. In welding, you're right; we have a very limited presence in that market. We see opportunities for growth there, certainly in the EV battery space. I'd like to share new product announcements in upcoming calls. There is a big battery show that we will be attending. As I mentioned, in additive, there is the rapid trade show in June. We are investing in expanding the performance of our lasers for these end markets. One of the shifts we see is that customers are looking for more reliable, higher performance lasers and subsystems that enable them to do more than they were able to do before, and that's opening up new markets for us.

Got it. And I guess if I could just sneak one last in for Joe. I dialed in a little bit late to the call, Joe, but 90 days into the year here, anything changed one way or the other on how you're thinking about operating expenses? I know you've given us guidance in the near term. But generally speaking, as you think about the year and how it’s going to play out now that you have a little more visibility on how the second half might work out, an update on how you're thinking about spending plans would be helpful.

Yes. No major changes to our plans for spending, Ruben. I think you'll see some variable spending come through for bonuses and things like that as we make our way through the year. But with we're expecting growth in the second half of the year, we want that to really flow through. I think we are situated well from both labor and materials planned for the balance of the year to achieve what we need to achieve in 2024 and set ourselves up well for 2025 and beyond. So there's no major plans to significantly change operating expenses as we move through the year. We're not trying to choke down OpEx to the extent that we are giving up growth opportunities. We're still spending to support growth. But beyond that, no major changes from what we had talked about in prior quarters.

The next question comes from Mark Miller with The Benchmark Company.

You're projecting growth later this year and you're pointing to improvements in the backlog that you've seen, which are being driven by, I guess, DoD contracts, but you're also projecting margin improvements. Now the DoD contract typically has hiring margins that are below corporate margins. I'm just wondering where the growth in the margins is coming from. Is that just higher sales?

Yes, primarily, Mark, thanks for the question. Primarily, it's from the fact that we're just going to run more volume through our facility. Remember, on the DoD contracts, we are both doing development work and also building products and components that we are selling into those programs. To the extent that we're building more products, much of that will be driven by what we're doing in defense. Gross margins are expected to improve as we move through the year. We're not projecting major changes in mix. What we're suffering from today is just the lack of absorption of fixed costs. Hopefully, we see that improve as our product revenue grows throughout the year.

This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would now like to turn the call back over to Joe Corso for closing remarks.

Yes. Thank you, everyone, for joining this afternoon and for your continued interest in nLIGHT. We look forward to speaking with you during the quarter. Have a great afternoon.

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect your lines.