Good morning, and welcome to The Mosaic Company's Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants have been placed in a listen-only mode. After the company completes their prepared remarks, the lines will be open to take your questions. Please note today's event is being recorded. Your host for today's call is Paul Massoud. Mr. Massoud, you may begin.

Thank you and welcome to our third quarter 2023 earnings call. Opening comments will be provided by Joc O'Rourke, President and Chief Executive Officer, followed by a fireside chat and then open Q&A. Bruce Bodine, President; Clint Freeland, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; and Jenny Wang, Senior Vice President, Global Strategic Marketing will also be available to answer your questions. We will be making forward-looking statements during this conference call. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements about future financial and operating results. They are based on management's beliefs and expectations as of today's date and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from projected results. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements are included in our press release published yesterday and in our reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We will also be presenting certain non-GAAP financial measures. Our press release and performance data also contain important information on these non-GAAP measures. Now I'd like to turn the call over to Joc.

Good morning. Thank you for joining our third quarter 2023 earnings call. Before we get to the normal part of our call, I'd like to take a moment to discuss the next step forward for our company. Last month, we announced that I plan to retire at the end of the year. It has been an honor to work at this outstanding organization and lead this incredibly talented team. We've accomplished a tremendous amount over the last eight years. But one of the areas I take most pride in is our focus on identifying talent and developing the next generation of leaders. As a result of those efforts, Mosaic's Board of Directors appointed James O'Rourke, President and selected him to be Mosaic's next CEO starting on January 1, 2024. Bruce is a Mosaic veteran who's been with the company for 24 years and has led several functions across our business, including most recently as Senior Vice President of North America. As a member of Mosaic's senior leadership team for the last eight years, he's played a major role in establishing our current strategic priorities. The board takes succession seriously and has been planning for my retirement for some time. Bruce's selection follows an exhaustive evaluation of both internal and external candidates. Bruce's broad experience, strategic mindset, and leadership throughout the organization make him the ideal person to lead Mosaic into the future. Please join me in congratulating Bruce.

Thank you, Joc. I'm excited to take the next step in January as CEO. And I'd like to take a moment to lay out my vision for the future. Mosaic is a global leader in the fertilizer industry. Over the last few years, we have grown our footprint in the world's most important agricultural regions, expanded our portfolio of value-added specialty fertilizers, and built one of the world's most efficient potash production complexes. These investments were made while we were reducing long-term debt by $1 billion and repurchasing 15% of our outstanding shares. Looking ahead, we will continue creating value for our shareholders. With the expansion of MicroEssentials capacity at Riverview, and the investments we've made in Mosaic Biosciences, we're pushing further into non-commodity value-added Ag products. We're also continuing to explore entering the purified phosphoric acid market for lithium iron phosphate battery production. We're engaged in discussions with auto and battery manufacturers, and our board has already approved engineering work on a commercial plant. In Brazil, Mosaic is already the country's largest supplier of fertilizer, and we're expanding our footprint even further with a 1 million tonne distribution facility at Palmeirante in the fast-growing northern region in Brazil. In potash, we're further optimizing our Esterhazy facility by debottlenecking the mills and adding 400,000 tonnes of very low-cost production. Across our business, we're pursuing cost reduction initiatives. Operational improvements and our global digital acceleration program are expected to drive significant savings throughout the enterprise of at least $150 million, which you'll be able to see in our segment results in SG&A. These are all modest investments with very high returns, which means we expect 2023 to be a high watermark for capital spending. Next year, we expect total CapEx to be down by up to $200 million from 2023. This will allow us to continue returning all excess cash to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends. We believe our shares present very compelling value. I look forward to continuing this dialogue with all of you. But for now, I'll hand it back to Joc for his final discussion on broader markets and our results.

Thank you, Bruce. Today's agriculture market is tight. Food security is a major concern around the world, but crop production is constrained. Global stock-to-use ratios for grain and oilseeds remain near historic lows, which highlights that crop supply is struggling to keep up with demand. Weather conditions around the world, particularly in developing markets, have impaired production. Today, El Nino weather patterns are having an impact across Southeast Asia and Australia. The situation has been exacerbated by persistent under-fertilization. Over the last two years, we've begun to see a significant relationship between insufficient nutrient consumption and disappointing yields. And of course, key growing regions are being impacted by geopolitical flare-ups and all-out war, as is the case with the war in Ukraine. Over the last two years, Ukrainian grain and oilseed exports are down 32% from pre-invasion levels. It's difficult to see how other regions will be able to offset the shortfall, given poor weather and reduced fertilizer applications. Despite reduced production levels, demand around the world remains strong. China's imports of soybeans, beef, and wheat are at record levels. India, which accounts for nearly 40% of the global rice trade, has a limited ban on non-basmati white rice exports and places duty on a portion of its remaining rice sales in order to ensure adequate domestic supply. Additionally, we're now seeing emerging demand from renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel. In the U.S., biofuels represent a quarter of soybean consumption. These dynamics mean elevated crop prices could persist through 2024 and beyond, and growers will want to maximize yields. This brings us to the fertilizer market. The supply of potash and phosphates is being impacted by sanctions, weather disruptions, and evolving producer behavior. In potash, sanctions and other disruptions continue to limit exports from the former Soviet Union. Belarus remains blocked from port access in Lithuania, forcing it to find other outlets for its shipments. Some of those exports have shipped via ports in Russia or by rail into China. Though total shipments remain well below pre-sanction levels of 12 million tonnes, this year we expect Belarus exports to be in the range of 8 million to 8.5 million tonnes, and we expect limited increases from that range in 2024. In Canada, labor strikes, rail congestion, and terminal repairs have limited the West's ability to mitigate lost FSU tons. More recently, the conflict in the Middle East, in addition to the ongoing war in Ukraine, highlight the risk of further supply disruptions. In total, global potash shipments are expected to be in the range of 64 million to 65 million tonnes simply because the supply isn't there to meet additional demand, particularly in developing markets where crop supply is primarily made up of subsistence farming. In phosphates, over the last decade, China grew to be the largest exporter of finished phosphate fertilizers, supplying about 30% of the seaborne market in 2021. But over the last 18 months, export restrictions and a shift of production away from agriculture to industrial markets has significantly reduced phosphate fertilizer exports. This year we estimate China's exports could be 3 million to 4 million tonnes below the 2021 level of 11.4 million tonnes or roughly 7 million to 8 million tonnes. On the demand side, we are seeing strong consumption returning. We saw this play out in the spring in North America after a slow start to the season, favorable economics, and depleted slow reserves brought farmers back to the market. Our phosphate and potash shipments in North America were the highest in the last five years. This was followed by a great summer fill program and a very strong fall application season. The last three months through October were a record for Mosaic's North American potash shipments. We saw similar dynamics play out in Brazil, the after-season fertilizer shipments ended up being very strong. For the full year, we expect total fertilizer shipments in Brazil to be 43 million to 44 million tonnes, the second highest total in history. With destocking of fertilizers in Brazil complete, inventories are quite low and will need to be replenished for 2024. In India, we continue to see strong demand driving elevated imports. Phosphate inventory levels are near the low end of the most recent five-year range, which suggests shipments are going straight to the ground. Potash inventories are also very low, and we're seeing indications of price acceptance that could drive higher shipments going forward. For several quarters now, we have discussed that once volumes begin to move, prices will follow. We're now seeing available volumes move, and pricing has stabilized and shown seasonal strength in many markets. These dynamics highlight the value of Mosaic's portfolio; our business is well-positioned to meet customer needs and deliver value to shareholders. In potash, our third quarter results reflect the strong sales volumes in North America. To meet that demand and mitigate the impact of Esterhazy's planned turnaround, Colonsay was restarted at the beginning of the quarter. Looking ahead, we expect fourth quarter potash sales volumes of 2.4 million to 2.6 million tonnes and netback MLP prices at the mine in the range of $235 to $260 per tonne. Our pricing guidance reflects a product mix shift towards overseas sales as North American fall application season winds down. In phosphates, we recovered quickly from the impact of Hurricane Adelia and we were able to restart operations in approximately three days, which really minimized the impact of the storm. Separately, we are working through the repairs at our Faustina facility in Louisiana following a power disruption by the local utility that occurred late in the third quarter. Those repairs should be completed in the fourth quarter. We expect fourth quarter sales volumes to be in the range of 1.6 million to 1.8 million tonnes, and that prices at the plant gate in the range of $530 to $580 per tonne. Moving to Brazil, our Fertilizantes segment reports strong third quarter results. Let me emphasize that we pushed to destock high-cost inventory in the first half of 2023. And this effort was completed early in the second quarter. Our distribution business is no longer experiencing the same pressures that others are, as you can see from our results this quarter. For the fourth quarter, over 90% of our sales volume is already committed and priced. With our order book and inventory position, we expect our fourth quarter distribution margin to be in the range of $40 to $50 per tonne. Our approach to capital allocation has not changed. We remain committed to investing in our business, maintaining a strong balance sheet, and returning capital to shareholders. Our CapEx budget for 2023 is $1.3 billion to $1.4 billion. And, as Bruce mentioned earlier, we expect to reduce total capital spending for 2024 by up to $200 million. Our balance sheet is strong and our commitment to return capital to shareholders remains unchanged. All excess cash will be returned through dividends and share buybacks. Year-to-date, we have returned nearly $900 million to shareholders through buybacks and dividends, including $150 million of repurchases in the third quarter. Before we go to questions, let me summarize: the world needs more crop supply, and we won't get it without good fertilization. Farmers are seeing good economics and want to maximize yield with fertilizers. But supply is uncertain, and channel inventories are low. Mosaic is well-positioned to benefit while continuing to deliver value to shareholders, and we're returning significant capital while still investing in the business. I look forward to watching Bruce lead Mosaic into the future. Paul, let's move over to questions.

Before we move on to live Q&A, as we've done in past quarters, we'd like to address some of the most common questions we received after we published our earnings materials last night. For our first question, Joc, many have asked us to discuss recent rulings regarding our countervailing duty petitions.

Yes, last week, the Department of Commerce raised duties on the Russian product but it lowered duties on Moroccan supply. The Department of Commerce reviews are done on a yearly basis and are based on their assessment of foreign subsidies. While we welcome fair competition, we expect to compete on a level playing field. Unfair foreign government subsidies disturb that dynamic, so we will continue to seek remedies when foreign players use aggressive marketing based on unfair subsidies that cause harm to our industry. In today's market, trade flows may shift as a result of these adjustments. But as we saw over the last two years, global supply and demand is unaffected. Pricing continues strong due to high demand and decreased supply, particularly from China. In a tight market, suppliers will seek out the highest return for their product, and as such, U.S. consumers will need to meet global pricing to ensure sufficient supply for their needs.

Joc, others have been struggling with destocking in Brazil, but Mosaic Fertilizantes has performed quite well in the third quarter. What differentiates Mosaic's business in Brazil from others, and what is your outlook for the rest of the year and in 2024?

In 2022, we, like others in the Brazil agricultural industry, were carrying inventory to support the expected demand. When that demand slowed in the second half of the year, we were left with higher-priced inventory. But unlike others in Brazil, who are reliant on third-party distributors and retailers, they have limited ability to directly restock their inventory. We, on the other hand, were able to effectively deal with the destocking in the first half of the year. And by the third quarter, prices had stabilized and the distribution margins had returned back to our expected range of $30 to $40 per ton. And as I mentioned, with 90% of our product committed and priced in the fourth quarter, we expect margins to increase further to $40 to $50 per tonne. Now, there is always some positional risk in a distribution business. However, I believe we have managed through this volatile market as effectively as possible, which really sets us apart from other ag input companies and emphasizes the value of the integration of our production and distribution businesses.

Joc, our next question is on the potash market. Pricing has been muted despite supply uncertainty. How do you see the potash market evolving over the next year?

Thank you. As you've seen from the slides we published last night, there's a clear relationship between under-application of phosphate and potash and below-trend yields. Now farmers and retailers are recognizing this and demand is rebounding. As we've said in the past, demand returns, volumes move, and prices follow. We saw this pattern play out this year with global volumes returning.

Sure, Joc. We are seeing very strong broad-based demand recovery in 2023, which we are forecasting at 5 million tonnes of recovery to 65 million tonnes. It is led by the North America market; we have had a very strong spring application, and then summer field replenishing the inventory channel. For this full application, we are seeing very strong application again; we are still having customers buying tonnes from us for the in-season application. And for this new tonnes, we have realized at $20 per tonne pricing for Midwest warehouses in North America. Brazil, similarly to North America, we have seen very strong application for summer crop soybean applications. The window for the delivery has been pushed by two months, which gives farmers the opportunity to put down more potash into the market. With the strong potash application in Brazil, that sets up a very strong recovery in that market. And we believe there are significant purchases to come for the Safrinha corn season, which is about to start soon. And across the world to China, we are seeing China has record input to potash this year. Domestically, in terms of consumption, there's probably 10% of the potash application interest in China. And that is driven by concerns for food security and also by very strong commodity prices there as well. So with this major market demand growth in 2023, which sets well into 2024, we are going to continue to see broad-based demand recovery. Starting from Southeast Asia, in Malaysia and Indonesia, they have been working through their high-priced inventories throughout 2023. And we are seeing customers re-engaging now to prepare for 2024 as they come out of any new drought impacts or low inventory of potash in the channel. Lastly, rice and palm oil prices are very constructive for the farmers there to put down potash, which has been under-applied over the last two years. India's subsidy program is supportive of potash as well with lowered farmer prices; we should see a boost in farmer usage of potash in that part of the market. With improved affordability and stabilized prices, we are going to see a very broad range of demand recovery across the world in 2024.

Thanks, Jenny. So Jenny has given a view of the demand side. From a supply side, we're modeling a recovery in Belarus from 70% to about 80% of pre-sanctioned shipments. We're expecting Uralkali to recover to pre-war levels and modest growth from EuroChem's operations. In Laos, we also expect to see some modest growth. Overall, if any of these fall short, we will see lower shipments not because of a demand problem, but because there is not enough supply.

Thanks, Joc. Operator, please open the lines for follow-up questions.

Thank you. Today's first question comes from Steve Byrne with BofA. Please go ahead.

Well, thank you and it's been a pleasure working with you, Joc. Wanted to drill into Fertilizantes a little bit here. Are we right that roughly 20% of the fertilizer volumes that you distribute come from your own phosphate production in the country? But we would assume the EBITDA contribution from that in-country production is much greater than that 20%. Is that right? And what's your prospects for either expanding that production or maybe switching into more TSP and reducing your ammonia purchasing costs down there?

Thanks, Steve. Yeah, so in Brazil, one of the benefits of the integration, of course, is we can move our own production through our distribution system. And while we sell a good chunk of it as a B2B business to other players in the market about 20% is not a bad number to estimate of what goes through our own system. That product we transfer at market price, so we try to keep this clean base between the two as possible. That said, we would expect under general market conditions that your margins for the production business would be better than those for distribution, or at least they would be for products such as TSP or DAP. As you say, probably our least profitable product that we make down there would be the SSP for good reason. And so we're constantly looking at how we make that product mix better and how we make it more profitable. And we can't ignore dicalcium phosphate or animal feed as well in that area, which is again, one of our highest return products. So that whole area of mix we're looking at; we've got a strong plan down there to reduce costs but also to optimize production rates. So all of that is in the works, and all of that will be something that Bruce and his team will be working hard to accomplish.

Thank you. And our next question today comes from Richard Garchitorena with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Great. Thanks. And congrats, Joc. So my first question is just on the outlook for potash. Obviously, strong growth next year, 5 million tonnes. I was wondering how do you think about your operations heading into next year. It looks like in the 4Q guidance, you're going to come in around 8.7 million to 8.9 million tonnes of production. So do you expect to keep those production levels next year? For all of them to grow with the market? How are you thinking about that? Thank you.

Yeah, thanks, Richard. And let me follow that with also a little bit of a discussion on how we look at Colonsay. For the first part of the question, I think, yes, we would expect the same sort of level next year, maybe a slight uptick because of increasing demand. But we're looking at somewhere in that same range of production; like say maybe a couple hundred thousand tonnes higher depending on Campotex in particular, but in terms of the strategy for it, over the last few years, Colonsay has been our swing plant. And, we've been able to ramp it up and down efficiently; giving us the ability to run our lower-cost Esterhazy and Belle Plaine at full rates while being able to flex production to meet demand. So as we look forward to next year, that is really going to be the question. What is demand going to look like? We certainly have the ability to go either up or down from the approximately 8.9 million tonnes, which is about where we think we'll stand this year if you include Kaymak. We always prioritize Esterhazy and Belle Plaine and we focus that on the North American granular grade market where we see our best netbacks. Then our next focus is meeting the international sales program of Campotex. This year strong North American demand coupled with lower enforcement required us to utilize Colonsay both to offset Esterhazy's turnaround and to meet that increased demand. In the fourth quarter, we're expecting strong international shipments as global markets continue to rebound. So at this stage, we expect to need Colonsay to meet that demand and replenish our granular grade inventory in preparation for the North American spring season. And then, so that would put us at probably about the same level, but as we move into the second half of 2024 and beyond Esterhazy K3 will be fully ramped up, and the addition of our Hydroflow project will optimize their capacity there. At this stage, we need to reassess the longer-term role for Colonsay. And as always, we're focused on running our assets in a manner that maximizes value taking into account the need for flexibility and to deal with the seasonality and market variability in our business.

Thank you. And our next question today comes from Joel Jackson with BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Hi, Joc. And congratulations as well. I got to follow up on that last question and your answer because I'm confused. So you are saying Mosaic is saying today that you think demand for potash globally is going to grow 5 million tonnes next year, from 65 to 70. Your Canpotex partner says 66 to 69, 3 million to 5 million tons, whatever, that's great growth. Your answer says that you're going to produce about the same in potash in Mosaic next year, then you said you might grow with the market. So explaining this question. If the market is going to grow 3 million tonnes, 4 million tonnes, or 5 million tonnes next year, and Mosaic can't supply more, and you're tied offshore with nutrients and to Canpotex, who's going to supply the extra 3 million, 4 million, or 5 million?

Well, I think that's exactly what I said in the prepared questions. Joel, thank you, by the way for the questions. And thank you for the comments. Yes, we expect to see Belarus bringing out about another million tonnes, and we expect Uralkali to bring out probably another million tonnes. Then EuroChem with their Volga Kali mine, which is ramping up now—recognize that it's been a pretty slow ramp-up—but if we got 0.5 million to 700,000 tons between Uralkali and Volga Kali, then you’re at... now you’re at 2.7 million tonnes. Add another million tonnes from Laos, and you’re pretty much at that gap. And that's what I was saying. If those players come to fruition, we wouldn't need Colonsay for 2024. Otherwise, Colonsay wouldn't be needed. But again, those are based on expectations that these other players bring up those tonnes. If it plays out differently, if they do better last year, I think Belarus did better than what we expected; will they continue that ramp? We think that’s unlikely, but we’ll see how it plays out. So I don’t think there’s any inconsistency in how we’re looking at it. We see tonnage being similar to what it is this year, with the exception of maybe 300,000 to 400,000 tonnes for Canpotex. At which point we wouldn’t need Colonsay for 2024. Otherwise, Colonsay wouldn’t be needed. But again, those are based on expectations that these other players bring up those tonnes. If it plays out different if they do better last year, I think Belarus did better than what we expected. Will they continue that ramp? We think that's unlikely, but we'll see how it plays out. So I don't think there's any inconsistency in how we're looking at it. We see tonnage being similar to what it is this year, with the exception of maybe 300,000 to 400,000 tonnes for Canpotex.

Thank you. And our next question today comes from Ben Theurer with Barclays. Please go ahead.

Hi, good morning. And as well from my side Joc, all the best for retirement; enjoy that peace. Now all my question wanted to go back to some of the phosphate comments you made and the projects and looking into PPA for LSP. Those investments clearly something that has come up more frequently as a solution to the electrification of some light vehicles. So if we think about how you're positioned and maybe the CapEx needs. Can you help us put that into perspective, just what would you think this might cost you to build this out? And what's like the expected return profile of that business? That would be much appreciated. Thank you.

Okay, thanks, Ben. Yeah. So at this stage, we're at the, I would say, early feasibility stage moving into the design phase to get to a final, let's call it a bankable feasibility to do all of this. So the numbers are pretty preliminary. What we've looked at so far, though, has been for purified phosphoric acid and potentially building a powder plant, which would be the precursor to a lithium iron phosphate cathode. So at this stage, we're probably looking at 100,000 tonnes of purified phosphoric acid at our Louisiana facility, and our expectation of cost is probably in the range of $0.5 billion to build that. Now, obviously, we have to look at the long-term demand profile and what we can expect for pricing. But what we've seen so far is first phase has a strong, higher-than-average cost of capital return. If we go future phases, obviously, the capital per tonne decreases, and that return gets better as we go forward. But we're going to do it in a modular way; by doing it in a modular way, we will reduce the long-term risk, market risk, et cetera. What we're seeing, though, from a qualitative perspective is due to the expense of nickel, cobalt, et cetera, there is a strong trend towards lithium iron phosphate batteries, not only for electric vehicles but also for stationary power. Our view is that, while electric vehicles will be the early growth engine, long-term, you will need these stationary batteries to buffer the variability of both solar and wind—they don’t tend to come at the same times as demand.

Thank you. And our next question today comes from John Roberts at Mizuho. Please go ahead.

Thanks. And best wishes Joc and congrats Bruce. I'm looking at Slide 7 and the hand deck on under-application versus yield. Obviously, the bottom line is that most of the world is in that left quadrant. But are there any other key takeaways from those slides?

I think the key takeaway there from my perspective, John, and again, thanks for the question. Intuitively, we've been saying for a long time that fertilization drives plant growth. I mean if you don't feed any organism, they don't grow. What we haven't been able to do in the past, I guess, is really show the relationship in a clear way. Now what we've seen here is under-application and probably mining of the soil, even with both of those, we're seeing a clear relationship between the yields and particularly phosphate and potash usage. Now you see the nitrogen, which is more likely to be used first, and you see particularly when you look at Asia, which includes India, where the over-application of nitrogen actually isn't helping yields at all, whereas the under-application of phosphate and potash really is hurting yields. If you do the math on those things, if you take phosphate and potash application into account and then look at the yield loss, it's about a two-to-one price of fertilizer to yield loss. If you're saving $10 on fertilizer, you're losing $20 on yield. Farmers are incentivized to properly fertilize fields, and they cannot afford to continue to mine the soil.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Vincent Andrews with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Thank you. And let me echo the comments, Joc; congratulations on retirement and a pleasure working with you all these years. In terms of my question, I wanted to ask a bit more on the Brazilian market and some of the comments that were made in terms of the Safrinha season, and it sounds like you’re pretty optimistic about application rates there. Maybe you're getting good intelligence from your fertilized own taste business versus some of the other comments that are out there. But there are comments and some data suggesting that planted acreage is going to be down on corn. Maybe some of us can go to cover crops and some of the grower associations are talking about or advising their growers to maybe back off on inputs. But are you seeing on the ground that the demand and the shipments and so forth is quite strong ahead for that season? Or what's giving you the confidence about this?

Yeah. Thanks, Vincent. I'm trying to unpack that one a little bit. As we head into Safrinha, the concern that's out there, if you will—and I'm not saying it's an unfounded concern—is when you look at the basis for corn that we're starting to see in the market, it's not the global market price. It's the idea that the in-country basis, the availability of transport and et cetera, to get it out of the country has been challenging, and it's probably hurt the economics of some of the farmers. That being said, if we look at the general in-country price to the price of fertilizer and what we call the barter ratio down in Brazil, it still shows a fairly profitable corn yield and market. So our view is that probably is early stage and probably a little overstated, similar to what we saw this year in the Safrinha season, where earlier projections looked at 40 million tonnes; now we're looking a lot closer to 43 million tonnes of total fertilizer to Brazil, which is starting to get back to the peak of 46 million tonnes. Historically, Brazil has grown at about 4% or 5% a year, so we expect, in general, Brazil to continue to grow both acreage and yields. Thus, fertilizer demand has to follow that.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Jacob Bout with CIBC. Please go ahead.

Hi, good morning. And congratulations to Joc on your retirement. Maybe just going back to the potash industry. Last week, there was the announcement of the second phase of Janssen. Just curious about your thoughts on what the impact of Janssen will be on the potash industry, both in North America and globally? And do you think about changing your market strategy along with this ramp?

Yeah. Thanks, Jacob. Let me first of all say, by their own announcements, and I have had conversations that would tell me that while they will start up the first phase at the end of 2026, they won't be ramped up to 4 million tonnes on their own estimates until 2030. At 2030, they will start their second phase, and that would probably ramp up similarly over five years. So in our five-year forecast, we have little or no significant production from BHP. As we look out over 10 years, which is what we're talking about here, if we see the market growing, as I said earlier, maybe the point here is growing from the 72 million tonnes we were pre-war, not from the 65 million tonnes. But if we see the market growing at that 2% a year, that's an additional million-plus tonnes a year. So in 10 years, you could easily be in a position where that could be absorbed reasonably. How it will work from a trade flow perspective is absolutely yet to be seen. We assume that they will go into the North American market. The best analogy probably is the new potash mine; for all the worry about the disruption, it really came in slowly and focused on the export market, thus it was absorbed quite reasonably. So who knows what it’ll do, but for now, I think I would say, hold the course and I don't see it as a big threat for a long time.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Josh Spector with UBS. Please go ahead.

Good morning. This is Lucas Beaumont for Josh. Just switching to phosphates. So your shipment forecast there is calling for an increase of 2 million to 3 million tonnes next year. Just wondering if you could kind of walk us through how you see your production outlook compared to this year? And how much of that shipment uplift would you expect to capture from this year’s base? Thanks.

Okay. Thank you. Yeah. We are expecting growth in the range of 2 million to 3 million tonnes next year as the market continues to recover. There will be some recovery by us, and probably our Moroccan competitor will see some increased production. We expect a small increase again from China’s exports—not back to where they were, but about flat to where they were last year. In all cases, the demand will be met by all of those. Then some of the Middle East producers will also be ramping up, and PhosAgro has a small ramp-up that they're looking at. So it will be met. What we see is a phosphate market that continues to be tight and maybe even tightening a bit next year. It actually looks pretty good from the perspective of our future.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Andrew Wong with RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking questions. Just in the phosphate segment, as we work through this more recent issue and operations, what percentage of return to normal looks like? I mean, it’s been difficult with the different impacts over the past couple of years. Can you just help me gauge the normal production run rate, and relative costs compared to where we've been historically? Thanks.

Yeah. Thanks, Andrew. I'm going to hand this over to Bruce because Bruce will be, obviously, responsible, along with Karen and her team for the future of the phosphate here. A fair question because we have had a lot of issues with respect to big hurricanes, pandemics, and some mechanical faults. So it deserves a detailed answer. Bruce, can I give it to you?

Yeah. Thanks, Joc, and thanks, Andrew. Just to start with your question, historical levels that we've proven around 2 million tons a quarter is what we would expect out of Florida once we get back to kind of normal operation. It's worth noting some of the history here in the last two years with our phosphate production—I mean, it has been below those historical levels for sure. Some of it has been a function of some of the new rock reserves that we're now mining here in Florida. We are becoming a lot more familiar with the kind of chemistry of the rock, and we should see some of those incremental impacts start to subside in the future as we move forward. But really, the larger issue is two-fold. One has been Louisiana this year—unexpected operational and maintenance issues with two of our larger sulfuric acid plants have restricted finished product production on the back half of this year. A large chunk of that production was just returned to service this week. The remaining work that needs to be done there will be completed by the end of the year. So going into 2024, those issues should be largely behind us in Louisiana. The last concern is that the lingering effects of the pandemic and various hurricanes these past few years in both Florida and Louisiana have proven more difficult than we would have expected. All industries have faced challenges, and we're investing in a significant part of our sustaining capital to restore some of the historical proven turnaround cycles that have been disrupted through the pandemic and some of the hurricanes. We are aggressively replacing some aging assets throughout North America. When we couple all of that from an asset base with the better technology that our global digital acceleration investments can provide, along with an internal reorganization, we should see improved reliability and productivity. To close and get to your point, we expect to see production volumes significantly improve next year compared to the last two years, returning to historical run rate levels of about 2 million tonnes per quarter in the back half of 2024.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Adam Samuelson with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Yes, thank you. And good morning, everyone. I want to come back to potash and Mosaic's own kind of production outlook. I just want to be clear on this year: in the third quarter, your sales have exceeded your own production by about 575,000 tonnes. Now last year, you sold more than you produced, but you've worked down a pretty healthy amount of your own inventories. You're calling for a sequential uplift in sales volumes in the fourth quarter, which would be at a level that the company has really never hit on a quarterly basis, but that’s what investors are expecting. Why, rather than telling you alluded to logistics constraints being a real challenge for Mosaic to operate at higher volumes? Why wouldn't the natural investment for Canpotex be to increase its logistics capability and alternative port infrastructure, maybe away from the West Coast that could mitigate winter weather and allow the company and your Canpotex partner to produce more consistently and reliably at higher rates? Because Colonsay might be your higher-cost mine, but it's not really high-cost in the context of the global market.

Thanks, Adam. You make great points there. Let me start by saying, Canpotex has improved their logistics capabilities significantly through rail infrastructure improvements. We've maximized or optimized our use at their facilities in Vancouver, and Portland has been expanded. We are sending significant volumes, both to the East Coast and the West Coast, and that allows us to deal with things like port strikes. My only point there is that there is a limit to what you can move and how fast you can grow. We've probably grown Canpotex from about 10 million to 10.5 million tonnes to about 13 million or 14 million tonnes. They've done a good job under the leadership of Ken Seitz and continued under Gord McKenzie. I can tell you that they have made significant strides to solidify their markets and improve their logistic capabilities. My point is that we can't ignore these real limitations to how fast you can possibly grow and respond to changes or disruptions in the international market. Lastly, of course, you’re relying on Canadian National and Canadian Pacific Railways, who from time to time also have issues.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Aron Ceccarelli with Berenberg. Please go ahead.

Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. I would like to go back to potash. Despite your strong sales volume outlook for Q4, your pricing outlook is relatively muted, as you said. At the same time, Nutrients flagged that Russia is possibly coming back a little bit faster than originally anticipated. There’s a contract with China and Canpotex's expiring, if I'm correct, at the end of the year. My question is what could really prevent us from seeing a contract with China next year with Canpotex where Canpotex and China come to an agreement below $307 per tonne? Thank you.

Okay, Aron. Thank you. Look, as we look forward on this, if we are back at the 70 million tonnes, which we expect the demand to be, there will be room for the Russians. They will continue to export across the years by rail, and Belarus will continue to export by rail into China. The seaborne product will continue to be there because China is actually buying record amounts of potash as they need for their growth of their markets. I've always said, and even our Chinese customers fully agree, that they need Canpotex, and Canpotex needs their Chinese customers. It's a situation where there's tension as you try to build up to the final contract, and it matters what the level of inventory sitting on the ground is in China and what their demand is at the time. There's always a holdout to the last possible moment. But in the end, you come up with a contract that is as close as we can get to the market. They are very informed buyers, and our Canpotex marketers are very informed marketers. So you normally arrive at a pretty good balance. In terms of repeating the $307 contract, it really depends on how things look as you move into 2024. The relevance of the seaborne trade is lower today than it was before due to these rail imports, and because of the Qinghai Lake production, which is taking up a good chunk of their production. The issue will not be the Russian's new production coming on or anything like that; it will be how the global market looks. What are the price comparators for Brazil, for Indonesia, for Malaysia, for China possibly? And again, what's their inventory position and when are they ready to come to the table? So it's pretty early days, but that market will always have a complicated dynamic.

Thank you. And our next question today comes from Jeff Zekauskas with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Thanks very much. I think Belarus Kali has been shipping a little more than 900,000 tonnes per month over the past two months, which translates to an annualized rate of about 11 million tonnes. I was curious why you believe next year they might fall 3 million tonnes short of their usual output.

Yeah. Thanks, Jeff. I think the simple thing there is we don't know where exactly that is coming from. Is that product that has been built up at a port waiting to go out? You can't look at three months, particularly three months of summer, and compare that to the whole year. We know that those ports have issues in the winter with respect to freezing and unavailability. As we look at—whether we look at Belarus, Belaruskali, or the Russian producers—their seasonal shipments are never as high as their summer shipments. Our expectation is that’s what they will do. And again, not unlike Canada, it gets pretty darn cold in the winter around that area. Shipping by rail, that kind of distance can be pretty challenging. You’re going to get all kinds of issues. So our expectation is, yes, they may be able to do it in the summer, but we would discount that or at least risk-adjust that for the winter months. Okay. To conclude our call, before I reiterate our key messages, let me just say, I've dealt with many of you now for 15 years. It has been a pleasure. I was hoping you'd be a little easier on me on my last day, but you clearly weren't going to do that. So I thank you for your honesty anyway. In terms of Mosaic and the business as it goes forward, I continue to believe that we are a well-positioned company at a great time in a great market. Bruce and the team will do very well going forward. But let me conclude at least this quarter. The ag fundamentals continue to be compelling. Growing demand for grains and oilseeds just bodes really well for the future. Farmers around the world continue to have the incentive to maximize production. And that, in turn, leads to strong fertilizer demand. We expect tight supply and demand dynamics for both of our products for the foreseeable future. Mosaic, as a company, is in excellent position to benefit from these market dynamics. Our balance sheet is strong, we're investing in the business, and returning capital to shareholders. And with that, I'm going to sign off, pass the baton to Bruce, and wish them the best in the future and for their earnings calls. Thank you all very much.

Thank you, sir. This concludes today's conference call. We thank you all for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines, and have a wonderful day.