Thank you. Welcome to this Novo Nordisk Earnings Call for the First 9 Months of 2025. My name is Jacob Rode, and I'm the Head of Investor Relations. With me today are the CEO of Novo Nordisk, Mike Doustdar; Executive Vice President, Product and Portfolio Strategy, Ludovic Helfgott; Executive Vice President, U.S. Operations, Dave Moore; Executive Vice President, Research and Development and Chief Scientific Officer, Martin Holst Lange; and Chief Financial Officer, Karsten Knudsen. All speakers will be available for the Q&A session. Please note that the call is being webcasted live, and a recording will be made available on our website as well. The call is scheduled to last a little more than 1 hour. Please turn to the next slide. The presentation is structured as outlined on Slide 2. Please note that all sales and operating profit growth statements will be at constant exchange rates unless otherwise specified. Next slide, please. We need to advise you that this call will contain forward-looking statements. These are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. For further information on risk factors, please see the company announcement for the first 9 months of 2025 as well as the slides prepared for this presentation. And with that, over to you, Mike, for an update on our strategic aspirations.

Thank you, Jacob. Next slide, please. In the first 9 months of 2025, we delivered 15% sales growth and 10% operating profit growth. We've also narrowed our guidance range to 8% to 11% on sales and 4% to 7% for operating profit. This is because we expect lower growth for our GLP-1 treatment in diabetes and obesity. Karsten will get back to the guidance update later in the call. Looking into the R&D in diabetes, Rybelsus is now approved in the U.S. and EU with CV indications based on the SOUL trial. Within obesity, and business development, we have progressed on a number of projects that Martin will come back to later. In rare disease, we have now submitted Mim8 for regulatory approval in both the U.S. and EU. We're now serving around 46 million people living with diabetes and obesity. This is around 3 million more people with our GLP-1 treatment compared to just 12 months ago. Furthermore, I would like to note that our 2025 strategic aspirations represent our current framework for reporting, and we look forward to updating this next year as the current strategic aspiration runs out. Next slide, please. Since I became CEO, I have said several times that Novo Nordisk will sharpen its focus on core areas, specifically diabetes and obesity. I want to take a moment to explain how we have refined our strategy. For more than 100 years, we have been guided by a simple purpose: to identify and solve major unmet medical needs. This commitment is unchanged. There are many people who can benefit from expertise in diabetes and obesity, and we believe we can serve them better than anyone else. Going forward, we will concentrate on these areas where we can make the greatest difference. Our strategy begins with patients at the center of everything we do. More than 1 billion people are affected by diabetes or obesity. We will work tirelessly to develop products that help them live healthier, fuller lives. Some of these products will be developed internally. Others will be added to our portfolio through partnerships and acquisitions. Many of these assets can address multiple unmet needs. We will explore those opportunities and expand indications where appropriate to serve our patients. Speaking of patients, it is a known fact that obesity and diabetes vary by individual and often come with comorbidities that lack effective treatments. As with the Akero acquisition, Novo Nordisk will continue pursuing innovation with identification within research and then advancing those to development to address comorbidities within our core and the overlaps with those cores. We are now sharpening our focus. In the past, we spread our resources into areas a bit further away from our core, like stem cell research for Parkinson's disease. Therefore, during this last quarter, we have discontinued several noncore assets and redirected resources to areas aligned with our strengths. We will intensify our commercial efforts to strengthen competitiveness. To meet evolving market dynamics and increasingly consumer-like behavior, we will, for example, expand telehealth capabilities across markets. In short, we remain disciplined about where we will compete within diabetes, obesity, and related comorbidities in the years ahead. We will also continue our targeted research and commercial work in rare disease. And to support this strategy, we have launched a company-wide transformation, which I would like to give you an update on its progress right now. Please go to the next slide. We previously announced a company-wide transformation designed to simplify our operating model, accelerate decision-making and reallocate capital and resources towards the highest growth opportunities in diabetes and obesity. This program supports our strategy to capture rising global demand and strengthens our competitive position in the increasingly consumer-like obesity market. As part of the plan, we expect a reduction of approximately 9,000 positions globally. While this decision was not taken lightly, it is expected to drive approximately DKK 8 billion in annual savings by the end of 2026. Those savings will be redeployed to expand our diabetes and obesity franchises and fund strategic priorities. We recognize the human impact of these changes and remain committed to responsible transition for affected colleagues. At the same time, we're confident this transformation will increase operational efficiency and strengthen our long-term future and enhance returns for our shareholders. I will now hand over to Ludovic for an update on our commercial execution for the first 9 months of 2025.

Thank you very much, Mike, and please turn to the next slide. In the first 9 months of 2025, our total sales increased by 15%. The sales growth was driven by both operating units. U.S. operations grew 15% and international operations grew 16%. Sales growth in the first 9 months of 2025 was positively impacted by one-offs in the U.S. of around DKK 6 billion. Our GLP-1 sales in diabetes increased by 10%, driven by both operating units growing at the same rate. Insulin sales increased by 3%, driven by U.S. operations growing 18%. The sales increase was positively impacted by gross to net adjustments related to prior years as well as channel and payer mix. This was partially countered by a decline in volume. International operations sales decreased 2%. Obesity care sales increased 41%, driven by U.S. operations growing 24% and international operations growing 83%. Our rare disease sales increased by 13%. This was driven by sales increase in the U.S. of 14% and in international operations of 13%. Next slide, please. Sales in international operations grew by 16% in the first 9 months of 2025, driven by GLP-1 products. GLP-1 diabetes sales increased by 10%, driven by sales growth of Ozempic and Rybelsus. In Region China, GLP-1 diabetes sales decreased by 4%, which was negatively impacted by wholesaler inventory movements. Obesity care grew by 83% to DKK 22.4 billion. Sales of Wegovy reached approximately DKK 20 billion growing at 168%, driven by sales growth across all regions. Please go to the next slide. In the combined diabetes and obesity GLP-1 market, Novo Nordisk remains the market leader in international operations with a volume market share of 68%. Rybelsus is now available in more than 40 countries, and Ozempic continues to be the leading GLP-1 diabetes product within international operations having been launched in around 80 countries. In obesity, Wegovy is now launched in more than 45 countries with more to come. Oral semaglutide 25 milligram or Wegovy in a pill has been submitted in the EU for potential launch in selected EU markets. The GLP-1 class growth of 35% in international operations is encouraging. And while competition in diabetes and obesity across international operations is intensifying, the unmet needs remain substantial. And with that, I would like to hand it over to Dave for an update on our U.S. operations.

Thank you, Ludovic. Please go to the next slide. Sales of GLP-1 diabetes care products in the U.S. increased by 10% in the first 9 months of 2025. The sales increase was driven by continued uptake of Ozempic, partially countered by Victoza and Rybelsus. Ozempic sales in the U.S. were positively impacted by gross to net sales adjustments and wholesaler stocking. Weekly Ozempic prescriptions are currently around 670,000 in standard units compared to 690,000 standard units in the second quarter of 2025. The GLP-1 diabetes market grew around 10% in the third quarter of 2025 compared to the third quarter of 2024. In the U.S., we continue to invest in commercial activities and have recently launched Ozempic in our direct-to-patient cash offering. Please go to the next slide. Wegovy sales increased by 25% in the U.S. operations in the first 9 months of 2025. The Wegovy sales growth was driven by increased volumes, partially countered by lower realized prices. Wegovy has around 270,000 weekly prescriptions compared to 280,000 weekly prescriptions at the end of last quarter. In August, we announced that the U.S. FDA approved Wegovy for the treatment of MASH. In U.S. operations, we have established a sales force targeting U.S. hepatologists and gastroenterologists while we work to build access in this segment. Generally, we also continue to work on expanding access to safe and authentic Wegovy. Around 55 million people with obesity have Wegovy coverage in the U.S., with more than 10 million people estimated to be covered with Medicaid. However, looking into 2026, several states have already announced changes to coverage for obesity medicines in response to budgetary concerns, which will affect Medicaid access to Wegovy. Regrettably, Novo Nordisk market research shows that compounding has continued to increase. Multiple entities continue to market and sell compounded GLP-1s and it is now estimated to be well above 1 million patients in the U.S. that are currently on compounded GLP-1. Novo Nordisk launched NovoCare Pharmacy in March of 2025 and together with the retail channel, total cash market is up around 10% of total Wegovy prescriptions. Novo Nordisk will continue to invest in the expansion of direct-to-patient initiatives like the recently announced collaborations with GoodRx and Costco. We continue to anticipate a regulatory decision regarding Wegovy in a pill later this year, which then we will be ready to launch in early 2026. Now back to you, Ludovic.

Thanks, Dave. Please turn to the next slide. Yesterday, we confirmed that we submitted an updated proposal to acquire Metsera to further strengthen our research and development portfolio in diabetes and obesity. As we said before, unlocking the full potential of the obesity market will require a broad and deep portfolio with different treatment options, formats, serving differentiation groups and their very different preferences. Obesity treatment is still in its early stage. And in Novo Nordisk, we foresee future patient segments that, for example, could be categorized based on BMI, age, gender, lifestyle behaviors, and comorbidities. We believe that Metsera's innovative pipeline would further enhance our opportunity to meet all these very different needs of all these very different groups. MET-097 is a potential best-in-class once-monthly GLP-1 treatment and MET-233 is a next-generation amylin asset. The pipeline of Metsera also includes a combination of the 2 mentioned above, as well as innovative oral and injectable preclinical assets. Furthermore, Metsera's institutional knowledge and capabilities around peptide engineering and synthesis, half-life extension technologies, and oral peptide delivery nicely complement Novo Nordisk's core strength in research. The proposed deal structure includes an upfront payment of USD 62.2 per share in cash, equal to an approximate enterprise value of USD 6.7 billion. The cash consideration is paid at signing in exchange for nonvoting preferred stock, representing 50% of Metsera's shared capital. In addition, up to USD 2.8 billion in contingent value rights (CVRs) will be issued upon the closing of the acquisition in exchange for the remaining shares. The CVRs are based on the achievement of certain clinical and regulatory milestones. In total, Metsera is eligible to receive up to USD 10 billion or USD 86.2 per share. Novo Nordisk believes that the proposal, including the structure of the transaction, complies with all applicable laws and is in the best interest of patients, who will benefit from our commitment to innovation as well as Metsera's shareholders. The offer highlights Novo Nordisk's commitment to investing in the U.S. and interest in continuing to grow the scale of its U.S. investment. Now over to you, Martin.

Thank you, Ludovic. Please turn to the next slide. As Mike described, we are intensifying our focus on key therapeutic areas such as diabetes and obesity, while continuing our commitment to related comorbidities as well as rare disease. The strategy aligns with our recent acquisition agreements of Akero and Omeros' zaltenibart assets. In early October, we announced the agreement to acquire Akero's efruxifermin, a once-weekly subcutaneous long-acting FGF21 analog with potential to be first to market in F4 and best in class. Efruxifermin complements a strategic position in Novo Nordisk's MASH pipeline. Current treatment options such as Wegovy primarily target patients with F2 and F3 disease states. Consequently, there remains a significant unmet need in the F4 cirrhosis population, for which no approved therapies are currently available. The Phase II data for efruxifermin are encouraging across F2 to F4. Specifically, the SYMMETRY Phase IIb trial demonstrates that after 96 weeks of treatment, 29% of F4 patients show improvement of at least 1 fibrosis stage, with no worsening of MASH, and 42% achieved MASH resolution without fibrosis worsening. This is the first Phase II trial to show statistically significant fibrosis regression in F4 patients for an FGF21 analog. Efruxifermin is currently in the Phase III SYNCHRONY program with pivotal readouts in the coming years and expected launch by the end of this decade. As a result, efruxifermin has the potential to be first-in-class FGF21 analog targeting the F4 population, as well as playing a role in F2 and F3 patients, including people who are not responsive to existing treatments. We look forward to leveraging our capabilities to further optimize the SYNCHRONY program trials, assess the potential combinations with our current GLP-1-based portfolio and explore opportunities for additional indications such as alcohol liver disease. Also in October, we announced the agreement to acquire the clinical-stage MASP-3 inhibitor zaltenibart from Omeros for rare blood and kidney disorders. This action aligns with the rare disease strategy, with a key focus on rare blood disorders. Zaltenibart is currently in Phase II for the acquired rare blood disease paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria or PNH. Plans are in place to begin a global Phase III program for zaltenibart in PNH. The molecule holds big potential in a number of additional indications within rare disease and kidney disorders, which will be evaluated at a later point in time. We believe our extensive expertise in the development, manufacturing, and commercialization of medicines within these fields makes us well-positioned to advance these assets, optimize the value of their innovation, and ensure they reach the patients in need of these treatments in a very timely fashion. Please turn to the next slide. Looking towards our internal pipeline, we recently published a sub-analysis of REDEFINE 1, focusing on cagrilintide. In the trial, cagrilintide achieved 11.8% weight loss at 68 weeks, assuming full treatment adherence. About 1 in 3 patients on cagrilintide lost at least 15% of their body weight. Overall, cagrilintide was very well tolerated. The most common side effects were gastrointestinal in nature. And the discontinuation rate due to gastrointestinal adverse events was 1.3%. Obesity is a global challenge that requires continued scientific innovation. More treatment options also focusing on tolerability are needed to meet diverse individual needs and preferences. We are very encouraged by the first Phase III data for cagrilintide from REDEFINE 1, and we look forward to studying it further in Phase III, the so-called RENEW program. RENEW 1 and RENEW 2 will assess the 2.4 milligram dose in people with obesity with and without type 2 diabetes, respectively. Both trials have already been initiated and additional studies evaluating higher doses of cagrilintide are anticipated in the beginning of the first half of 2026. Please turn to the next slide. Turning to the upcoming R&D milestones, we're looking forward to the remainder of 2025 with a number of readouts and milestones. In the first half of 2026, we anticipate the readout of the REIMAGINE 3, which is the first of 3 pivotal trials for CagriSema in people with type 2 diabetes. REIMAGINE 3 is a smaller study with CagriSema as an add-on to basal insulin. REIMAGINE 2 is the largest study, which will provide a comparison to semaglutide and will read out in the first quarter of 2026. We also look forward to the Phase II results of the subcutaneous and oral amycretin in type 2 diabetes in Q4 this year. Within obesity, we completed the Phase I trial with our internal GLP-1/GIP/amylin triagonist. The study assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the triagonist in the trial. All multiple doses tested appear to have a safe and well-tolerated profile. The result of this study allowed progression to a Phase Ib/II trial in individuals with overweight obesity, which was initiated in October of 2025. Looking forward, we expect the FDA decision regarding the new drug application for the Wegovy pill by the end of this year. Further, the submission of CagriSema as well as the readout of the REDEFINE 4 trial remains on track for the first quarter of 2026. Within rare disease, we have filed Mim8 as once monthly, once every 2 weeks, and once weekly prophylaxis treatment to prevent or reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes in people with hemophilia A with and without inhibitors for regulatory approval in the U.S. and in the EU. Finally, we anticipate the results of the evoke trials in patients with early Alzheimer's disease later this year. While there are a number of high unmet needs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, it is important to remind you that this represents a high-risk opportunity. And as a final remark, while it is not on the slide, I would be remiss if I don't mention that the first readout of ziltivekimab is anticipated to read out in the second half of 2026. With that, over to you, Karsten.

Thank you, Martin. Please turn to the next slide. In the first 9 months of 2025, our sales grew by 12% in Danish kroner and by 15% at constant exchange rates, driven by both operating units. In the third quarter, DKK 9 billion in costs related to the restructuring was booked. The gross margin decreased to 81.0% compared to 84.6% in 2024. The decline in gross margin mainly reflects impact of around DKK 3 billion from the one-off restructuring costs and impairments related to a few production assets. Further cost of goods sold is impacted by amortization and depreciations related to Catalent as well as costs related to ongoing capacity expansions. Sales and distribution costs increased by 12% in Danish kroner and by 15% at constant exchange rates. The increase in costs is driven by both U.S. operations and international operations and is primarily related to Wegovy. S&D costs are impacted by one-off restructuring costs of around DKK 2 billion. Research and development costs increased by 9% in Danish kroner and by 10% at constant exchange rates. This reflects increased R&D activity across the early and late-stage portfolio, particularly within obesity care. R&D costs are impacted by one-off restructuring costs of around DKK 4 billion and impairments related to the closure of early noncore projects to free up resources for projects in core therapy areas. This is partially countered by the impairment loss related to ocedurenone of DKK 5.7 billion and other impairments of intangible assets in 2024. Operating profit increased by 5% measured in Danish kroner and by 10% at constant exchange rates. Operating profit adjusted for costs related to the restructuring increased by 16% measured in Danish kroner and 21% at constant exchange rates. Net profit increased by 4% and diluted earnings per share increased by 4% to DKK 16.99. Free cash flow in the first 9 months of 2025 was DKK 63.9 billion compared to DKK 71.8 billion in the first 9 months of 2024, driven by increased capital expenditures. And finally, in the first 9 months of 2025, we have returned DKK 53 billion to shareholders, mainly through dividend payments. Please go to the next slide. For 2025, sales growth is now expected to be 8% to 11% at constant exchange rates. The new range reflects lower expectations for sales growth of our GLP-1 treatments in diabetes and obesity. Given the current exchange rate versus the Danish kroner, sales growth reported in Danish kroner is expected to be around 4 percentage points lower than constant exchange rate growth. In international operations, the updated outlook reflects current growth trends driven by GLP-1 penetration in diabetes and obesity, partially offset by intensifying competition within both diabetes and obesity. In U.S. operations, the outlook is based on current prescription trends for Wegovy and Ozempic, as well as intensifying competition and pricing pressure within both diabetes and obesity. Operating profit is now expected to be 4% to 7% at constant exchange rates, negatively impacted by DKK 8 billion in restructuring costs. Given the current exchange rates versus Danish kroner, growth reported in Danish kroner is expected to be around 6 percentage points lower than at constant exchange rates. The narrowing of the guidance range mainly reflects the lower sales growth outlook and costs related to the agreed acquisition of Akero and Omeros, partially countered by reduced spending. Novo Nordisk expects net financial items to show a gain of around DKK 2.6 billion, driven by gains on hedged currencies, whereas capital expenditure is now expected to be around DKK 60 billion, driven by adjustments to expansion plans. Free cash flow is now expected to be DKK 20 million to DKK 30 billion, reflecting lower-than-expected trade receivables in the U.S. and reduction in capital expenditure. Furthermore, the free cash flow guidance assumed an impact from the acquisition of Akero contingent on the final timing of closing. Potential financial impacts related to the potential acquisition of Metsera have not been included. For the coming years, Novo Nordisk has previously informed that the compound patent expiry of the semaglutide molecule in certain countries in international operations is expected to have an estimated negative low single-digit impact on global sales growth in 2026. In 2026, the agreed acquisition of Akero is expected to lead to increased R&D costs with an estimated negative impact on full-year operating profit growth of around 3 percentage points, depending on the timing of closing. Lastly, Novo Nordisk accepted the Inflation Reduction Act maximum fair price, MFP, for Ozempic, Rybelsus, and Wegovy in Medicare Part D for 2027. The estimated direct impact of the semaglutide MFP in Medicare Part D had it been introduced on January 1, 2025, would have been a negative low single-digit impact on global sales growth for the full year of 2025. The MFP for semaglutide will be effective as of January 1, 2027, in Medicare Part D in the U.S. That covers the remaining details on the outlook for 2025. Now back to you, Mike.

Thank you, Karsten. Please turn to the next slide. It's been a busy and productive quarter. Throughout the first 9 months of 2025, we delivered 15% sales growth and nearly 46 million people are now benefiting from our treatments. We have also advanced our R&D pipeline, launched a company-wide transformation program, and announced a few strategically aligned R&D acquisitions and agreements. With that, back to you, Jacob.

Thank you, Mike. Please turn to the next slide. We are now ready for the Q&A. Operator, let's take the first question.

And your first question comes from Carsten Lønborg Madsen from Danske Bank.

I think I'll start with a relatively basic question for Mike. This being your first quarterly conference call, I noticed in your roadshow presentation that in the combined obesity and diabetes market, specifically the GLP-1 market, you've experienced a loss of 9 percentage points in global market share over the past year. That's a significant loss. While we were aware of this trend, I'm curious about the strategic initiatives you plan to implement to address this issue. You've tried pricing adjustments in the U.S. in Q3, but it doesn't seem to have had a significant impact on your momentum in that market. Could you provide some examples? My second question is for Karsten. The acquisitions you're undertaking or considering will result in considerable cash outflows, particularly if you acquire Metsera. With Akero, Metsera, capital expenditures, and the need to pay dividends next year, could you discuss your capital planning and allocation? Also, how important is the dividend payout ratio to our investors?

Thank you very much, Carsten. So as someone who has been part of the commercial organization for so long, then I would not lie and say I don't like losing market share. But our job right now is to focus the company's strategy around diabetes and obesity predominantly because we see a huge expansion potential as we go forward. We are expanding our pipeline through our own activities as well as, of course, acquisitions. We are getting our costs under control to invest and really make sure that no stone is unturned and we're really putting most of our efforts at this point in expanding the markets. There are millions and millions of diabetes and obesity patients out there, including in the U.S., that are not getting their treatments. Launching new products like our Wegovy pill is one way to go get there. Other ways include increasing our commercial partnerships. You have seen Costco, Walmart, GoodRx, LifeMD, Ro, all of those are ways for us to expand the market and really make sure that through that we succeed and have a successful future. But it does take time for those measures to take effect. It's a marathon, as I have said a number of times now, not a sprint.

Yes. Thank you for the capital allocation question. We have a clearly articulated capital allocation framework, which is to invest in the business, provide attractive returns, pay out dividends in a consistent manner, do pipeline additions through business development and M&A, and finally, if excess cash, do share buybacks. So that's our framework, which has remained unchanged for quite a while. With that, I'm saying that we do have a consistent approach on dividend and have no intention of changing that. The starting point is clearly to convert our earnings into cash flow, which we focus on each and every day. And then looking at value-generating opportunities, both organically and inorganically as in the case with Akero as an example. So I hope that's clear. Back to you, Jacob.

Thank you, Karsten. And also thanks to you, Carsten, for the two questions. With that, operator, let's turn to the next set of questions, please.

Your next question comes from the line of Peter Verdult from BNP Paribas.

I have two questions, one for Mike and one for Martin. Mike, please don't take this the wrong way, but many people believe that your pursuit of Metsera signals a decline in your confidence in the internal pipeline over the past year. My first question is about the clinical differentiation between the assets you're looking to acquire and Cagri, CagriSema, and amycretin. Is it solely about the multi-dosing aspect, or are there other considerations? Secondly, I've received information from our network that Novo has been approached by the FTC regarding Metsera. While I understand you can't share specifics, can you at least confirm if this is true?

Thanks very much, Pete. I would say, Pete, that I am very excited about our own pipeline. I think we have a fantastic pipeline. But when you have an ambition to go to hundreds of millions of people and treat them, then no pipeline is broad enough. So we have been looking at Metsera for a long time. We are very excited about these assets. The proposal to acquire Metsera really supports our long-term strategy. And it's mainly because these assets are differentiated and complement our products and portfolio. That's why we are doing it. I'll pass it on to Martin, who can more easily explain the differentiation to our own assets, but I would say it works very complementary to what we have.

I can only echo that. What we are looking for is complementarity to our pipeline. You've heard us speak many, many times; obesity is not just one disease, it's many different diseases with many different presentations. Different patients coming in with different age, different BMI, different behaviors, different needs, different body composition, and different comorbidities. They have different focus areas. For us to really serve the full palette of patients suffering from obesity and their comorbidities, we need a diversified pipeline. What we've seen is differentiation and complementarity. When we see that, then if we can progress that with diligence, then obviously, we're interested.

Yes. So the short answer is that at this point, we don't want to get into any details around the process. It's still TBD where everything lands out. We note that Metsera board assessed our offer to be superior, and that's what we can relate to. As part of this due diligence, as with any other due diligence, we do comprehensive homework in terms of living up to all laws and regulations so that the deal can close. We always do that, and we did that here also with the assistance and channels of external experts. So we are confident that this deal can close according to regulations.

Thank you, Pete, for those two deal questions. Let's turn to the next set of questions, please.

Your next question comes from the line of Florent Cespedes from Bernstein.

One follow-up question. Could you share your perspective on Medicare? Specifically, what are the opportunities if there is broader coverage for people with obesity? Additionally, could you address the potential risks associated with the IRA and the next steps regarding it? Any insights on both the opportunity and risk concerning Medicare would be helpful.

Thanks for the question, Florent. The Medicare opportunity is very important to us and something we've been pursuing since we launched into obesity over a decade ago. We know that there's roughly 30 million people of Medicare age that are suffering from obesity, and that is something that we feel is really important that those individuals have access to anti-obesity medicines. We can't speculate on what the potential is and how many of those patients will be able to reach, but we do see this as a very important development for us. Regarding your second question about IRA, as Karsten mentioned, we provided an understanding of the expected impact in the company announcement as well. It's not something that we are able to comment on. We are under strict confidentiality with CMS, and CMS will be making the announcement of what those prices are at some point in the near future.

Thank you, Dave, and also thanks to you, Florent. And let's move to the next set of questions in line, please.

Your next question comes from the line of Martin Parkhoi from SEB.

I have two questions. First, I want to revisit Carsten’s question regarding market share loss because I think he was somewhat lenient towards you, Mike. Looking at your previous area of IO and the reported sales, Lilly has made significant progress. Two years ago, your market share in GLP-1 sales was 80%, and now it’s down to 50%. Can you explain what factors have contributed to them capturing so much more market share? Is it their commercial execution across different countries, or is it due to better product offerings? What allows them to make such gains while you seem unable to? Secondly, regarding your device strategy, there has been a setback with Wegovy FlexTouch in the U.S., which you previously indicated was crucial for flexibility in the consumer channel. What are your plans for 2026? How does your overall device strategy, including the launch of products in vials, fit into your market approach?

Yes. Thanks very much. So a couple of different ways to answer your question, Martin. There are markets that we are clearly competing well and gaining market share within IO, and there are markets that we are losing. Market dynamics dictate IO and averages sometimes cloud the picture. In certain markets, take China as an example, the market is not growing as much as we had anticipated. We have said this in the past; it's predominantly because we have never launched a previous version of obesity drugs in that market. At the same time, we have seen in the same market that we're losing in the online battle to our competitor, predominantly because obesity drugs like Wegovy are not allowed to be sold online. If you have a mega brand, then it's a very different picture. So that's, I would say, for China. If you take a look at some of the European markets, take the U.K. as an example. We have seen how our share of growth has now bypassed our competitors' numbers. This is a dynamic market that changes and it is really to be seen on a longer horizon and not quarter-by-quarter. We still have a patient base more than 2x our competitor in international operations. The volume strategy and the future potential of international is still incredibly attractive for us. We came to this market with a very high level of market share, 100% on our own. Losing market share is something that we had anticipated. As our competitor comes and as we also go into next year, it will not just be Eli Lilly, but also in some of the markets, other players as we lose LOE. We have to look at this longer term. I am incredibly optimistic for the volumes and the level of unmet need that exists in international operations.

Thank you, Martin. Yes. As you mentioned, it's a setback to receive the CRL on Wegovy FlexTouch. Looking into 2026, we are considering other presentations. This includes vials and other devices that we're thinking about entering into the market, which would lead to more optionality, especially as we continue to grow in the cash channel. As for the FlexTouch specifically, we are in active dialogue with the FDA and working through the CRL but can't comment on any specific timelines yet at this point.

Thank you, Dave. Thank you, Martin, for the set of two questions. And let's move to the next question, please.

Your next question comes from Sachin Jain, Bank of America.

I have two questions please, one commercial, one financial. Commercial on Wegovy pill, just wondering if you could talk about how you're scenario planning around orforglipron pricing given some news overnight and given your API restrictability, your ability to compete on price? And any further color you can give on launch cadence as we think about that launch? And then the second one for Karsten, I'm sure you're expecting the question, but the last couple of years, you've given some high-level color on year forward sort of you'd be willing to just share moving parts as we think about '26? A lot of factors there, gross to net in the base, certain IO patents, Akero, consensus sitting at roughly 7% sales, low teens EBIT, so just any high-level thoughts.

Yes. Thanks a lot, Sachin. We're incredibly excited as we move closer to the approval date of the Wegovy pill. I think this is a big step forward in terms of expanding the market and for those individuals that align better with taking a pill for their obesity. We can't comment on specific pricing, of course. But what I would say is we are going to have the Wegovy pill available in all channels. This is different from previous launches because we will have the ability to focus on Medicaid, Medicare and commercial, but also have a cash offering available through all of our different telehealth partnerships as well as our own NovoCare Pharmacy and the retail partnerships that we've aligned as well. This is a new way to launch for us. We are also thinking about the competitiveness. This is a competitive profile with respect to efficacy and tolerability, and we're really looking forward to bringing this to people living with obesity in the U.S.

Yes. Thank you for that question, Sachin. I think you actually already captured some of the key elements going into your own question. So the starting point is we do not guide for next year today. We'll come back to guide for next year at a later point in time as we normally do. What I can say is, as always, current momentum is the foundation for future trends in the business. Not saying everything continues, but current momentum is where we start. Then we have a few specific items worth calling out in relation to next year's growth rates. One is this year, we have some gross to net favorability, I would estimate it to around 2 percentage points on group sales growth this year that will not repeat into next year. So that needs to be factored into a growth rate. Then loss of exclusivity in certain IR markets. We've been calling that out for quite some time, including in our release, that will have an estimated negative impact of low single digits on next year's sales growth on group sales. Then on sales, Dave was covering the Wegovy pill, which of course is our main launch into next year and upon regulatory approval by the FDA. The final discretionary factor to call out is Akero and the step-up in R&D costs associated with that transaction pending closing expected later this year. That will have a 3% negative impact on operating profit growth in 2026.

Thank you, Sachin, for those two questions. Now let's move to the next one in line and those set of questions, please.

Your next question comes from Mike Nedelcovych from TD Cowen.

I have two. My first is actually a follow-up on Metsera. Martin, can you articulate what specifically about the Metsera agents is differentiated from Novo's own pipeline candidates other than the potential for once-monthly dosing? In response to the previous question, you've restated that Metsera is differentiated and complementary, but I'm wondering what public data lead you to that conclusion or if those data are not public, can you confirm that? That's my first question. And then my second question is on the evoke trials. We are now less than a month away from the CTAD presentation. So I'm assuming that Novo has the data in-house and is simply cleaning them up before top-line release ahead of the presentation. So my question is, if it is an unequivocally negative result, would Novo cancel its CTAD presentation?

Yes. Thank you very much for the question. I don't want to go into specifics, but maybe just to iterate what we're looking at, where we look for complementarity to our pipeline. It’s data on efficacy, and those can be differentiated at many levels. It's data on safety and tolerability, a little bit of the same consideration. Its scalability. And then obviously, in this case, the dose frequency. We, on more than one parameter, see complementarity to our pipeline. Therefore, this is an effective proposition for us. We do not know the data in-house in this room. If we did, we would actually have to issue a corporate announcement immediately. So no knowledge amongst any of us in this room. Our starting point is to disclose data, good or bad. So we currently aim to present whatever data that we will have at CTAD in the beginning of December.

Thank you, Mike, for those two questions. Now let's move to next question, please.

Your next question comes from Harry Sephton from UBS.

Two on the U.S., please. So just in light of the agreed IRA direct negotiation discounts on semaglutide. And also some of the press reports yesterday on potential obesity Medicare coverage. I don't want you to comment directly, but it appears you'll end up with significantly different prices for your products across different channels. I wanted to get your thoughts on how you expect that you're able to maintain this segmented pricing by channel? Or should we assume that all prices gradually trend towards the lowest level? And then the second one on the U.S., just on the current U.S. market trends. Can you discuss how you're currently thinking about the levers to improve access and commercial insurance coverage on Wegovy and Ozempic going into next year? Or do you expect that the majority of the 2026 U.S. growth is really going to come from the launch of the Wegovy pill.

Yes. Thank you, Harry. Noted two questions here. I'll send both to you, Dave. The first one on the pricing dynamics and then subsequently on the current access picture. Over to you, Dave. Yes. Thank you very much, Harry. As we mentioned, we can't discuss any of the specifics around IRA or MFN, but we do appreciate the question. Historically, we have been able to maintain different prices in different channels, whether that be Medicaid, Medicare, or commercial and now are increasingly expanding the cash channel. Of course, we can't speculate what that will mean in the future. But historically, we have been able to maintain the differentiation between those markets and the access that comes with it. To your second question around the trends in terms of quality of access, it's something that continues to be really important for us as sometimes receiving an obesity medication can be a challenge because of the friction that exists in the marketplace. We are continuing to push for and invest in improved access. It's a clear priority for us. This includes both our cash offerings and how we engage with payers. We haven't seen a large uptake yet in terms of that opportunity, but it's something that we're going to continue to push for in 2026 access. We don't really expect a large difference in 2026.

Thank you, Dave, for those two. Let's move to the next question, please.

Your next question comes from Emmanuel Papadakis from Deutsche Bank.

A few follow-ups, perhaps. Maybe taking a step back on U.S. commercial channel trends and obesity. Excuse the background noise. Wegovy scripts are pretty much flat since July despite the NASH launch. Even Zepbound has seen most of the growth coming from the cash channel. So talk us through what you think the obstacles actually are to better penetration in that commercial channel? Is it on the demand side due to product profile, lack of demand beyond the motivated minority? Or is the barrier really on the access side, for example, as you referenced potentially insurance companies making it difficult for patients to actually get on therapy? Maybe a follow-up on Metsera, the deal structure and the risk associated with that. Can you just help us understand your comfort with the risk around the way you are structuring your offer? It seems there's a reasonable chance you could end up with 50% of the company you don't control to its ultimate benefit preventing someone else from owning them. So why are you comfortable with that possibility? Or how do you expect to avoid it? And then just a quick clarification on the Medicare access discussions. What would be upper limit discount you're contemplating? Would that be in line with the MSP or this would be something in addition to that?

As we mentioned earlier, the quality of access remains a focus point and certainly a challenge in the reimbursed channel. Of course, we've got that combined with intense competition and we also mentioned that the compounding is continuing to increase as well. So that focus and investment in the quality of access, we do think is an important factor with respect to expanding the market. In addition, you'll continue to see our efforts in expanding the cash channel through more partnerships and certainly having our product offerings available in that channel as well.

Thank you, Emmanuel. The real focus and the priority of our Wegovy pill launch is the U.S. and will remain the U.S. in 2026. We are indeed opening the option to launch in selected markets in the course of 2026, depending, of course, on how things are ramping up. We are definitely ready to make the most of the Wegovy pill. By the way, we are also quickly transferring some knowledge from the telehealth channels, for instance, in the U.S. into some higher markets. We are very active right now as we speak in many markets across the world, not just in Europe, but also in Australia and other parts of the world where we believe that we are gaining progress on the telehealth side. So again, we're accelerating our overall experience curve on the telehealth, and we believe that this will be proven very helpful at the time we launch the Wegovy pill. It's also noteworthy to say that the IO markets are markets where we have some of the best experiences with Rybelsus in Europe and elsewhere, which means that we can also leverage our experience in the oral markets that have been successful for Rybelsus to quickly establish a position with the Wegovy pill. So priority to the U.S., but fully ready to take on some selected markets in IO when the time comes.

Thanks, Ludovic. And with that, let’s conclude the Q&A session. Thank you for participating, and please feel free to contact Investor Relations for any follow-up questions.

Thank you, Jacob. Thank you to everyone for calling in. Before closing, I did want to make a few remarks. Although we have narrowed the full-year outlook for this year and see currently competitive headwinds, the unmet need is huge. The volume opportunity longer term in our core area is enormous. We are sharpening our focus on diabetes, obesity, and associated comorbidities in order to address this unmet need. This is our home turf, and it is for us to drive the commercial execution and raise the innovation bar to treat many more patients and treat them better than ever before, and we will not stop until we do that. Thank you.

Thank you. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.