Good day and thank you for standing by. Welcome to Rigetti Computing's Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Financial Results Conference Call. At this time all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation there will be a question-and-answer session. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your first speaker today, Subodh Kulkarni, Chief Executive Officer. Please go ahead, sir.

Good afternoon and thank you for participating in Rigetti's earnings conference call covering the fourth quarter and year ended December 31st, 2023. Joining me today is Jeff Bertelsen, our CFO, who will review our results in some detail following my overview. Our CTO, David Rivas, is also here to participate in the Q&A session. We will be pleased to answer your questions at the conclusion of our remarks. We would like to point out that this call and Rigetti's Q4 and year ended December 31st, 2023, press release contain forward-looking statements regarding current expectations, objectives, and underlying assumptions regarding our outlook and future operating results. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described and are discussed in more detail in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31st, 2023, and other documents filed by the company from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These filings identify and address important risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. We urge you to review these discussions of risk factors. Turning now to recent events, I am pleased to report on a number of new developments. In February 2024, we were awarded a Small Business Research Initiative grant from Innovate UK, funded by the National Quantum Computing Center, to develop and deploy a 24-qubit quantum computer based on our Ankaa class architecture. The proposed system is planned to be deployed at NQCC's Harwell Campus, which is expected to open later this year and will serve as NQCC's landmark facility to support quantum computing research in the UK. Since deploying our first UK-based quantum computer in 2022, we have had the privilege of collaborating with the UK's talented quantum computing research community. We believe building a system at the NQCC could enable even more innovative discoveries to deepen our understanding of how to improve superconducting quantum computers with the goal of solving practical problems currently intractable by classical resources alone. In December 2023, we launched the Novera quantum processing unit, our first commercially available QPU. Novera has 9-qubits and is based on our Ankaa class chip architecture. We have completed two Novera QPU sales, both to leading national labs. The first sale was to the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center, led by Fermilab, in the second quarter of 2023. In the third quarter of 2023, we delivered our second Novera QPU to the Air Force Research Lab Information Directorate as part of our Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity contract. The IDIQ contract enables AFRL to leverage Rigetti's fabrication capabilities for quantum networking hardware research and development. We are continuing our efforts to develop quantum computing solutions for financial institutions. We were recently awarded an Innovate UK grant with the aim to develop quantum machine learning techniques to enable financial institutions to more effectively process, interpret, and make decisions with complex data streams. Joining Rigetti in this project is Amazon Web Services, Imperial College London, and Standard Chartered. We were recently awarded Phase 2 of the DARPA program, which aims to develop a resource estimation framework to provide insight into the requirements of a superconducting quantum computing system necessary for solving large-scale complex problems. The goal of Phase 2 is to refine and optimize the estimates for selected utility-scale problems, delivering new upper bounds on these requirements. The University of Technology Sydney, Aalto University, and the University of Southern California will continue to be project partners in Phase 2. We are partnering with Riverlane and Oak Ridge National Laboratory to work on improving high-performance computing and quantum integration. To develop the integration of quantum computers into high-performance computing environments, the project partners plan to build a first-ever benchmarking suite for measuring the performance of a joint HPC plus quantum system to be run on ORNL's Summit supercomputer. For the quantum components, researchers plan to use simulated hardware based on key elements of Riverlane's quantum error correction stack and real remote hardware located at our headquarters in California. And now a few comments regarding our technology roadmap. Following the internal development of the 84-qubit Ankaa-1 system in March 2023, our 84-qubit Ankaa-2 system was made publicly available in December 2023. The 84-qubit Ankaa-2 system is our highest qubit count QPU available to the public. In addition to a new chip architecture that features a square lattice and tunable couplers, Ankaa-2 includes a new chip fabrication process, new printed circuit board technology, and electronics improvements. Combined, these improvements contributed to Ankaa-2 achieving a 98% median 2-qubit gate fidelity, a 2.5x increase in error performance compared to our prior QPUs. We plan to develop and deploy our anticipated 84-qubit Ankaa-3 system with the goal of achieving 99% median 2-qubit gate fidelity by the end of 2024. Thereafter, it's our plan to develop the 336-qubit Lyra system. We are confident in our ability to build better performing QPUs, as evidenced by our impressive Ankaa-2 performance. We believe we have laid the groundwork for building scalable, high-performing QPUs with our proven modular chip architecture and innovative Ankaa chip design that resulted in a 98% median 2-qubit gate fidelity. We are excited for the anticipated development and deployment of our Ankaa-3 system, which we believe will demonstrate the excellence and ingenuity of our R&D teams. We believe our leadership and expertise in full-stack quantum systems, paired with our strong collaborations with researchers around the world across academia, industry, and government, puts us in a unique position to tackle the challenges of building a quantum computer capable of addressing real-world problems. With Rigetti QPUs now in two research labs internationally, we are even more optimistic that practical quantum computing is within reach. Jeff will now make a few remarks regarding our recent financial performance.

Thanks, Subodh. Revenues in the fourth quarter of 2023 were $3.4 million compared to $6.1 million in the same period of 2022 when a large amount of revenue from SQMS was recognized. Gross margins in the fourth quarter of 2023 came in at 75% compared to 87% for the fourth quarter of 2022. Revenue and gross margin variability is to be expected at this stage of the company's evolution given the variable nature of contract deliverables and timing with major government agencies. On the expense side, total OpEx in the fourth quarter of 2023 was $19.7 million compared to $32 million in the same period in the prior year. The year-over-year decrease was primarily due to the $5.4 million goodwill impairment charge booked in the fourth quarter of 2022 and a $3.5 million reduction in stock compensation expense. In the fourth quarter of 2023, stock compensation expense totaled $3.7 million compared to $7.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. Other decreases in the fourth quarter of 2023 included lower employee wages and benefit costs resulting from our February 2023 reduction of workforce. Operating loss for the fourth quarter of 2023 was $17.2 million compared to an operating loss of $26.7 million for the same period of 2022. Net loss for the fourth quarter of 2023 was $12.6 million or $0.09 per share compared to a net loss of $22.9 million or $0.19 per share for the same period of 2022. Cash, cash equivalents, and available-for-sale investments totaled $99.9 million as of December 31, 2023, compared with $110.2 million as of September 30, 2023 and $142.8 million at December 31, 2022. During the fourth quarter of 2023, we raised $5.5 million from the sale of 5.2 million shares of common stock under our common stock purchase agreement with B. Riley. Subsequent to year-end, during the first quarter of 2024, we raised a further $12.8 million from the sale of 10.1 million shares of common stock under the B. Riley agreement. There are no more shares available for sale under this agreement. In December 2023, we filed a $250 million shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We are continually evaluating our financing options. Thank you. We would now be happy to answer your questions.

Our first question comes from the line of Quinn Bolton with Needham & Company. Your line is now open.

Hey, guys. Can you hear me?

Yes, we can.

Perfect. Congratulations on the nice finish. I guess since this is the fiscal year-end, Subodh, are there any milestones you can give us for 2024, sort of your highest priorities? You mentioned a couple, the Ankaa-3 at 99% median 2-qubit gate fidelity, but wondering if there's anything else you can share kind of in terms of big milestones. And then maybe for Jeff, anything, I think last year, you sort of provided a year-end cash balance target. I don't know if you're prepared to do anything like that for '24. But anything you can sort of do to help shape revenue cash flow or year-end cash expectations would be helpful. Thank you.

Sure. Thanks, Quinn. So certainly, the most important milestone we plan to deliver in 2024 is improvement in fidelity. That is the most important metric for quantum computing right now. So our plan, as we stated, is to get us from 98% median 2-qubit gate fidelity, which is where we are today with our 84-qubit system, to 99-plus percent median 2-qubit gate fidelity, and that's a big milestone not only because it's a 2x reduction in errors, but also at 99% fidelity, you can start doing realistic error correction and error mitigation—those kinds of things that are well known and well proven in conventional computation systems. So that's a big milestone from a technology standpoint. As we mentioned in our press release, once we hit 99%, we'll also start working towards our 336-qubit Lyra system. And while we do that, we'll obviously continue to improve fidelity. Our goal is to get into the mid-99s next year along with the several hundred qubit. So those are the technology milestones. Along with it, both the DOE quantum computing lab and now that we can say AFRL, the premier DOD quantum computing lab, have essentially chosen Rigetti even amidst all the other big companies. So we are securing the DOE and DoD contracts. Along with it, the UK government or national lab of the UK government had set up a competition and we came out on top, so the UK government has chosen to deploy our 24-qubit quantum computing system. We are continuing to work with other national governments, including the DOE, DOD, and the UK, and we hope we'll announce some more wins as the year goes on, whether it's higher qubit count systems to the existing customers like DOE or DOD or UK or to new national labs, and we certainly hope we can announce some of those. So that's at a high level what we are doing both from a technology as well as business standpoint. Jeff, do you want to answer the question about cash?

Sure. Yes, Quinn, we are not providing any forward-looking guidance right now, although I would comment that given our current cash and available-for-sale securities on hand, we have sufficient funding to take us into the early part of Q3 2025. So I just want to provide that cash runway outlook.

Okay. Understanding that you don't want to sort of give any kind of formal guidance for '24. Maybe can you walk through, Jeff? Obviously, you've got contracts. You also have the QPU sales, and especially as you get to a 24-qubit QPU, I think the ASPs go up. Is it reasonable for analysts to sort of think you should see revenue trending sort of flat to higher through the year from kind of the December run rate? I mean, again, I won't try to get you to pinpoint you, but certainly feels like between contracts that you've announced and QPU sales that revenue is likely to grow from '24 over '23.

Sure. Again, no forward-looking guidance, but obviously, it's our goal to continue to drive revenues and reduce our loss. I mean, we do have the 9 QPU Novera product now that we can sell, and we did just get the nice 24-qubit NQCC contract, which certainly helped. So we're definitely focused on those things, which will extend our cash runway and help in that regard. So we're definitely focused on all the levers.

Again, just given the basic contracts we already have, plus the 24-qubit sale to NQCC, we certainly expect sales growth. But the main story over here continues to be the technology and fidelity improvement and getting close to quantum advantage. So I don't want sales to be the sole metric of how we are succeeding with the technology.

Got it. Maybe just one last quick one, Subodh. Just knowing that gate fidelity is the most important goal, obviously you announced that Ankaa-2 is at 98%. But as you continue to run wafers in Fab-1, do you feel like perhaps the 9-qubit fidelities are already well on their way to sort of the 99% or 99-plus percent qubit fidelity? And do you have sort of the proof points that give you confidence in your ability to get to that 99% for Ankaa-3 by the end of the year? Thanks.

That's a good question. And actually, we do have data. I mean you always have a lot of data on 9-qubit before we put it out together for 24-qubit and 84-qubit systems. So all initial indications with 9-qubit and Ankaa-3 are that we feel very confident about hitting our 99% goal at the 84-qubit level, which means we certainly will be much higher than that at the 9-qubit level. So all our initial data is very promising for Ankaa-3, and we feel pretty good about getting to 99% at the 84-qubit level before the end of this year.

Perfect. Thank you.

Thank you, Quinn.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Brian Kinstlinger with Alliance Global Partners. Your line is now open.

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. My first is could you discuss the NQCC award for the 24-qubit system? How long was the evaluation process? Who was the competition specifically for the QPU piece of the procurement? And what was the feedback on why Rigetti?

Thanks, Brian. Good questions. So the NQCC competition was set by the UK government. They wanted a foundational quantum computer in their facility on which they could build the UK's quantum infrastructure. So that's a very key piece of equipment that they were procuring. The competition was set for roughly a six-month period. They didn't disclose all the competitors that they evaluated, but we are pretty sure most of the companies that are at the cutting edge of technology and quantum computing were part of that competition. That's why we feel really good that they chose us as the technology of choice to build the UK's quantum infrastructure. So clearly, it demonstrates their faith in superconducting quantum computing technology and within that, Rigetti as the leading technology of choice. So, very important competition. We feel really good about the fact that an external third-party validated and confirmed our beliefs that we are making the best quantum computers right now.

And did you for your QPU only compete with the gating technology? Or was it against, you think, all the different types of technology for you?

They didn't clarify that, but based on the fact that they were looking for general-purpose computing, they probably looked more at gate-based computing approaches. As you probably know, when you look at things like annealing, they're very restricted to the number of applications they can pursue like optimization and a few other applications like that. As soon as you say general-purpose computing for the broader market, really, you have to go with a gate-based approach. So the fact that they were looking for general computing tells me that they were primarily looking at gate-based approaches.

Great. And then does this award put you in a leadership position so that the NQCC has other procurements or other national labs see that, are you seeing increased interest? I guess I'm just kind of curious if this can lead to additional QPU sales, whether it's 9-qubit, 24, or even more?

Certainly. I mean, the fact that the DOE's premier quantum computing facility, Fermilab, chose us in the middle of 2023, that certainly was a factor, I'm sure, in NQCC's decision to choose us. And now that both the US government DOE, DOD labs, and now NQCC, the UK lab, have chosen us, I'm pretty sure the next few national labs who are looking at similar test beds and quantum computing facilities will look at us much more carefully because if the US government and UK government deem that we are making the best quantum computer, chances are we are making the best quantum computers.

And are there any other national labs that are running procurements right now? Or is it all incoming early base calls to kind of fill out the industry?

There are several countries around the world where they have quantum initiatives going on. If you go around the world, you can certainly see governments have sponsored and sometimes even gotten builds for their respective governments. I mean, Japan in specific, Australia, India, Italy, Germany, Denmark, and a few other European countries. There are clearly initiatives going on in various countries to get themselves up to speed in quantum computing. So we are really optimistic about our position with the US and UK right now, leveraging that and extending that to these different countries that are getting into quantum computing.

Right. Last question I have. What's the biggest obstacle you have to achieving the 99% fidelity on the 84-qubit system in 2024? And I guess the same question for 2025 on the larger system for 99.5?

Certainly. I mean, the basic discipline most of us in the semiconductor industry use to improve error is what we call Pareto analysis. So we'll look at errors just about every day. We'll do a thorough diagnosis of where the errors are coming from and plot them and then that's called Pareto analysis and then we look for the biggest contributor of errors and then we go chase them. And then once we resolve them, then the next tier, and so on. So first, to get from 95% to 98% last year, we did all things in the Josephson Junction itself, which is a proper device in the chip. We also did some changes in the electronics, like PCBs that we used as well as the refrigeration systems. This year, to go from 98% to 99%, our focus is primarily on the proper design of the qubit itself, of what we call the Hamiltonian, also looking more into the refrigeration systems and the losses that we are encountering from the refrigeration systems. So it’s a scientific way of going after errors and addressing them. We feel pretty good about getting to 99% this year using that methodology.

Great. Thanks, Subodh.

Thank you, Brian.

Thank you. One moment for our next question, please. Our next question comes from the line of Krish Sankar with TD Cowen. Your line is now open.

Hi. Thanks so much for taking my questions. This is Stephen calling on behalf of Krish. Subodh, maybe first one for you. Just kind of going back to the NQCC win and sort of the deployment timing. I know you mentioned that that facility will be up and running later this year and start the deployment of the system around that time. But just curious in terms of when the procurement and installation of your—whether it's the QPU or a number of subcomponents that goes into their system. Can you talk about when that approximate timing might be? Is it late this year? Or is it potentially into early next year? And also, just more broadly, you referenced other initiatives in other countries that might still be early. Is the NQCC's timeline in terms of building out and potentially installing it, is that a good template for future kind of installments or buildouts by other countries?

Yes. Thanks, Krish. So certainly, the NQCC timeline that they have provided us is more gated by their facility rather than our ability to supply the QPU. We already have started ordering several subcomponents, and we already have the chip and the core products are already ready basically. So we are working with them right now on the facility side to make sure that it is done once it comes up. Having said all that, the target right now is middle of this year, sometime in the June through August time period is when the facility will be ready. It will take us a few weeks, maybe a month or so to get it delivered and installed properly and then probably another month of debugging also. So before — well before the end of this year, the system should be up and running. That's the overall timeline. As we discussed with other national labs in other countries, this model that NQCC is doing seems to be a replicable model, if you will, and other countries are looking along the same lines where they want 20-odd qubit systems to start. The 9-qubit is a good starting point, but it's really for basic research applications. The 24-plus qubits gives you enough horsepower to do some real computation work. So many national labs that we are talking to right now are discussing 20-plus systems. There are a couple that are about 80-plus qubit systems, too. Those are the more aggressive ones. Obviously, the price points will be higher. So our hope is that besides NQCC, we will get at least one more, maybe a couple more national labs this year, of different countries using the 20-plus qubit system, and then hopefully some early work starts with some 80-plus qubit systems that may get installed early next year or middle of next year. But again, really, the focus is mostly on fidelity. As fidelity improves, all these opportunities will continue to happen.

Got it. That's very helpful. And also, in terms of the Novera QPU, very exciting to see the formalized program and marketing for that. From some of the details that you've published so far, it seems like the pricing for that is just under $1 million, but just kind of curious like are you only selling standard versions? Or is there opportunities for more bespoke configurations and what that—would you be able to talk about is sort of the rough ASP revenue that could be associated with more bespoke designs? And lastly, in terms of the product lead time or backlog, is it still sort of intra-quarter type orders that get fulfilled pretty quickly? Or is there a longer backlog or a lead time associated with Novera?

Regarding Novera, our product is fairly simple. Our product is essentially for $900K. We will ship you a basic QPU that can essentially become a plug-and-play module into your dilution refrigeration systems. Our baseline assumption is that the customer already has a DR in their facility and is familiar with quantum computing in general, so they can just take our QPU and plug it into their DR. That's the whole concept of Novera. And they can — we have all of the parts ready and we literally keep one or two in stock right now. So if an order comes tomorrow, we can ship it within a day practically. And it's fairly straightforward to get it integrated and up and running for a customer who's familiar with quantum computing and dilution refrigeration. So it's a fairly straightforward product sale, if you will, get the order. Ship the standardized QPU that goes directly into the system. There are three dilution refrigeration companies that are generally available in the world right now, Blue Force, a Finnish company; Oxford Instruments from the UK; and FormFactor from California. A couple of other smaller companies are getting into the business. Each one has a slightly different configuration for their DR. So depending on the exact model that the customer has, it may need some customization, but our plan is to try to keep it as an off-the-shelf standard product that we can ship quickly and that will plug into your existing DR. But there are some DRs that may not be suitable to do a plug and play, in which case, we may have to do some adjustments, or they may have to adjust on the customer side. But the idea is a straightforward simple shipment.

Okay. Great. Thank you so much for that. And just a last one for Jeff. Jeff, on the share count side, just wondering if you could help quantify a bit what the share count might be for this quarter and when the full dilution from all the recent equity raise, what that might be for next quarter? Thank you.

Sure. Yes. I mean the full share count impact from the activity that I mentioned in Q1 of 2024 will really kick in for the second quarter of 2024. We did sell 10.1 million shares in the first quarter. So from a share count perspective, we will be north of 150 million shares here by the time we get to the end of Q1.

Okay, great. Thank you so much.

Thank you, Krish.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of David Williams with The Benchmark Company. Your line is now open.

Hey, good afternoon, gentlemen. I hope you can hear me okay.

Yes, we can hear you, David.

Great. Some pretty significant progress across the aspects of the firm and the company. And just bringing that roadmap, I think from something will be sustainable. Kind of wondering, as you look out, what do you think the next big steps are for Rigetti? And how do you feel about your standing relative to your peers?

Yes. Your line was cutting out, but I think I got the gist of the question, so I'll answer it from what I understood. Regarding our roadmap and critical points, as I mentioned, fidelity is the top critical point for all of us in quantum computing. We are at 98% median 2-qubit gate fidelity at the 84-qubit level. Obviously, the number is much higher for smaller qubit counts. Our goal is to get to 99% this year and in the mid-99s next year at 84-qubit, at which point hopefully, we'll start dialing up the qubit count to several hundred qubits. We talk a lot about fidelity and qubit count, and that gets a lot of the attention. But another important metric is gate speed. Generally, our gate speeds are in the 50 to 100 nanosecond range right now. Most of us in the supercomputing space are in that 50 to 200 nanosecond gate speed range. When we look at other modalities, particularly things like trapped ion or pure atoms, they are dealing with three orders of magnitude slower gate speeds than what we in the superconducting camp are looking at. So as we have always said, the challenge for superconducting quantum computing is fidelity. The benefits we have are scalability and gate speed. The challenges for the other modalities, like trapped ion and pure atoms, their fidelity intrinsically is better because they are dealing with pure ions or pure atoms. But the big challenge for them is scalability and gate speed. I mean it's really hard to overcome three orders of magnitude in gate speed for those kinds of technologies in addition to the scalability challenge. So overall, within the quantum computing space, we continue to be firm believers in superconducting quantum computing. We think that is the right way to go about tackling real-life problems. And that's why you look at collectively between us and other companies in the superconducting space like IBM, Google, and a few others, we are really making rapid progress, all of us. So within the next two to three years, I'm sure more than one of us in the superconducting camp will be at 1,000-plus qubits at 99.5% or better percent fidelity with sub-100 nanosecond gate speed. And that's really when real-life quantum advantage type applications start becoming meaningful. So I think that's where the superconducting camp is going. We feel pretty good that we are in the leadership position in that camp as evidenced by the US government and the UK government choosing us over others. So this is looking pretty good for superconducting quantum computing in general and within that, our position. Hopefully, that answers your question if I heard it correctly.

Thank you. I'm currently showing no further questions at this time. I'd like to hand the conference back over to Mr. Subodh Kulkarni for closing remarks.

Thank you all for your questions and interest. We look forward to updating you as the year progresses. Thanks again.

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect. Everyone have a wonderful day.