Good morning, everyone. Welcome to the TD Bank Group Q2 2024 Earnings Conference Call. I would now like to turn the meeting over to Ms. Brooke Hales, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Ms. Hales.

Thank you, operator. Good morning and welcome to TD Bank Group's second quarter 2024 investor presentation. Many of us are joining today's meeting from lands across North America. North America is known as Turtle Island by many indigenous communities. I am currently situated in Toronto. As such, I would like to begin today's meeting by acknowledging that I am on the traditional territory of many nations, including the Mississaugas of the Credit, the Anishinaabe, the Chippewa, the Haudenosaunee and the Wyandot people, and is now home to many diverse First Nations, Metis and Inuit people. We also acknowledge that Toronto is covered by Treaty 13 signed with the Mississaugas of the Credit and the Williams Treaties signed with multiple Mississaugas and Chippewa bands. We will begin today's presentation with remarks from Bharat Masrani, the Bank's CEO, after which Kelvin Tran, the Bank's CFO, will present our second quarter operating results. Ajai Bambawale, Chief Risk Officer, will then offer comments on credit quality, after which we will invite questions from prequalified analysts and investors on the phone. Also present today to answer your questions are Raymond Chun, Group Head, Canadian Personal Banking; Barbara Hooper, Group Head, Canadian Business Banking; Tim Wiggan, Group Head, Wealth Management and Insurance; Leo Salom, President and CEO, TD Bank, America's Most Convenient Bank; and Riaz Ahmed, Group Head, Wholesale Banking. We will be ending promptly at 9:00 a.m. Accordingly, please limit yourself to one or two questions and then re-queue. Please turn to Slide 2. As noted on Slide 2, our comments during this call may contain forward-looking statements, which involve assumptions and have inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially. I would also remind listeners that the bank uses non-GAAP financial measures to arrive at adjusted results. The bank believes that adjusted results provide readers with a better understanding of how management views the bank's performance. Bharat and Kelvin will both be referring to adjusted results in their remarks. Additional information about non-GAAP measures and material factors and assumptions is available in our Q2 '24 Report to Shareholders. With that, let me turn the presentation over to Bharat.

Thank you, Brooke, and thank you everyone for joining us today. Q2 was a strong quarter for TD with earnings of $3.8 billion, an EPS of $2.04, reflecting the strength of our diversified business model. Before I get into the details, I want to spend a minute on our US AML program. As you read in the news release we issued on May 3rd, there were serious instances where the bank did not effectively monitor, detect, report and respond to suspicious activity. Criminals are regularly targeting financial institutions. In these cases, TD did not effectively thwart their activity. This is unacceptable. TD has been cooperating closely with the authorities to help them prosecute these criminals. We have freely shared all information we have with the Department of Justice and other US regulators even when it demonstrated our weaknesses. As we advanced our own internal investigation, we took action against responsible employees, including termination where appropriate. Throughout, we strive to do what is right. We have also launched a comprehensive effort to overhaul our US AML program. This is a major undertaking. This is a priority for me and our senior leaders, and we have mobilized the required resources to deliver. We have already invested $500 million in AML remediation efforts, which will also uplift our AML program globally. We made tangible progress, but there is more work ahead. We are committed to getting the job done as we build an AML program commensurate with the growing risk from bad actors around the world. We know investors and other stakeholders are eager for more information on the aggregate cost and timeliness and want a fuller view of the monetary and non-monetary penalties. We've been cooperating with our US regulators and the DOJ in good faith for many months and are working hard to bring these investigations to a resolution as soon as possible so that our investors can have more clarity. Let's now turn to our second quarter results. We have a proven business model with diversification and scale underpinned by a strong risk culture that is designed to deliver consistent and predictable earnings growth. We remain focused on executing on our strategy, growing our franchises, and delivering returns to our shareholders. As I said, it was a strong quarter for TD with all of our businesses outperforming expectations. Revenue grew by 10% year-over-year, driven by momentum across our platform and particularly in our markets-driven businesses. Fundamentals were strong across the bank, resulting in loans and assets under management growing by 7% and 6% respectively. With rates expected to be higher for longer, TD derives the benefits in net interest income, and as Ajai will discuss, we are well positioned for a slower economy. PCLs were higher quarter over quarter, in line with our prior guidance as performing build, reflecting some credit migration and volume growth, was partially offset by lower impaired provisions. We delivered significant positive operating leverage while continuing to execute on our restructuring program and prioritizing investments in our risk and control infrastructure. The bank's CET1 ratio was 13.4%, reflecting organic capital generation, offset by an increase in RWA due to volume growth and risk migration, as expected, and the impact of shares bought back during the quarter. TD has sufficient capital to address uncertain market conditions and various scenarios that may play out. This quarter, the bank announced a multi-year strategic relationship with Google Cloud in addition to TD's existing relationship with Microsoft Azure. These partnerships and the bank's technology strategy more broadly help support TD's delivery of personalized and connected experiences for our customers and accelerate innovation. And at last week's TD Tech Day, the bank shared details of two of its Generative AI pilots, developed through TD Invent, our enterprise approach to innovation. The first pilot, powered by Layer 6, our in-house AI team, tests a Generative AI virtual assistant designed to deliver more streamlined customer experiences in the bank's contact centers. And the second pilot, TD is testing GitHub Copilot, a Generative AI programming assistant developed by Microsoft that analyzes and suggests code, accelerating the pace of software development and empowering TD engineers to focus on more complex work. Let me now turn to each of our businesses and review some highlights from Q2. Our Canadian personal and commercial banking segment is firing on all cylinders, delivering strong loan and deposit volume growth year-over-year and substantial positive operating leverage. In real estate secured lending, TD continued to drive growth in a highly competitive market. The bank recorded its 12th consecutive month of market share gains driven in part by TD Mortgage Direct. Launched a year ago, this new distribution channel is resonating with our customers and modernizing the process for receiving personalized advice. In credit cards, we grew loans 11% year-over-year, and as part of TD's ongoing sponsorship of the Blue Jays, eligible credit card holders can now enjoy exclusive perks at home games as the bank adds value for our customers. TD's leading deposit franchise continued to build momentum, winning in the critical new-to-Canada market with another strong quarter for account openings. And as part of an expanded agreement announced this quarter, HDFC Bank, India's leading private sector bank, will refer students planning to study in Canada to TD's International Student GIC program, simplifying the banking experience for Indian students in Canada. In business banking, we grew loans by 7% year-over-year. Together with the Business Development Bank of Canada, TD launched the Business Accelerator loan program to help enhance access to capital for small and medium-sized enterprises. I'm also proud that TD Auto Finance ranked highest in dealer satisfaction for non-prime and prime credit among non-captive auto finance lenders, according to the JD Power 2024 Canada Dealer Financing Satisfaction Study. Turning to the US, the US retail bank continued to deliver strong operating momentum with sequential earnings growth of 7% and peer-leading loan growth in a challenging environment. We launched TD Complete Checking, a new product designed to help simplify and modernize the checking experience, and TD Early Pay, a new feature that lets customers receive direct deposits up to two business days early. Our proprietary bank card book continues to deliver with balances up 16% year-over-year, new account growth of 25% year-over-year, and record digital account openings this quarter. And we continue to have strong momentum in our commercial banking business. Middle market loan balances grew 20% and lending fees were up 58% year-over-year. TD Bank, America's Most Convenient Bank, hit a digital milestone in Q2. We already serve over 10 million customers in the US, and we now have over 5 million active mobile customers, delivering new features and capabilities that enhance the customer experience. The bank continues to receive recognition for its unique and inclusive culture. In April, TD was once again named one of America's best employers for diversity by Forbes, ranking highest among financial institutions. The wealth management and insurance segment saw strong performance across its diversified businesses with revenues up 11% year-over-year, reflecting higher insurance premiums, asset growth and increased rates per day in the direct investing business. In TD Asset Management, we grew market share in ETFs, recently adding seven fixed-income ETFs to our product suite. TD Asset Management also builds momentum in the defined contribution space as our target date funds were recently rated the top recommendation to clients across Canada by trusted benefit solutions provider. In our advice business, our family office, which provides bespoke investment management and customized tax and legacy planning for our ultra high net worth clients just surpassed $1 billion in managed assets. Wholesale banking delivered record revenues for the second consecutive quarter, reflecting broad-based growth across the business, including in US underwriting, sales and trading. With the TD Cowen acquisition, we're delivering a full suite of capabilities to our clients and building a top 10 integrated North American investment bank with global reach. The integration of TD Cowen is tracking ahead of schedule. On April 1st, we achieved an important milestone with the implementation of a unified investment banking, capital markets, and research platform integrating coverage models. TD Cowen's renowned global research franchise continues to receive recognition. In March, the team was awarded Best Specialist ESG Research in the 2024 ESG Investing Awards, highlighting their thought leadership and commitment to action-oriented investable research. The bank has momentum and strong market share as we execute on our growth strategies. At our Investor Day almost a year ago, we highlighted medium-term targets for our Canadian retail businesses. One year in, we are on track to deliver on those aspirations. In Canadian personal banking, we described our ambition to outgrow Canada's population and the most recent data shows TD's net customer growth outpacing Canadian population growth by 30 basis points. Similarly, in insurance, we described our ambition to be Canada's fastest-growing personal lines insurer, and over the past year, TD has gained market share in personal lines in every province. TD is delivering on the bold ambitions we outlined a year ago. The bank remains committed to the communities we serve. Through the TD Ready Challenge, the bank awarded 10 $1 million grants to organizations in Canada and the US that are focused on finding innovative solutions that address systemic barriers to affordable housing and help increase access to stable housing for those who need it most. And we brought together community groups, academics and business leaders to help find innovative solutions through TD's inaugural housing summit at Howard University, a historically black college and university in Washington DC in April. I want to end by thanking our TD bankers across the globe. Our TD colleagues are the bank's greatest asset. I'm confident that together we will continue to rise to challenges and deliver for all our stakeholders. With that, I'll turn things over to Kelvin.

Thank you, Bharat. Good morning everyone. Please turn to Slide 10. This quarter, revenue increased 10% year-over-year, driven by momentum in our markets-driven businesses and higher volumes and margins in Canadian personal and commercial banking. Expenses also increased year-over-year, reflecting higher employee related expenses, including variable compensation commensurate with higher revenues and investments in our risk and control infrastructure held in the corporate segment. The bank delivered significant positive operating leverage while continuing to prioritize investments in our risk and control infrastructure. PCLs were higher quarter-over-quarter as performing build, reflecting some credit migration and volume growth was partially offset by lower impaired provisions. As a result, earnings were $3.8 billion, up 2% year-over-year. EPS was $2.04, up 7% year-over-year, reflecting our share buyback and earnings growth. Please turn to Slide 11. There is no change to our expense guidance for fiscal 2024. We expect run rate expenses inclusive of the savings generated by the restructuring program and investments to accelerate future growth to increase by approximately 2% year-over-year. For fiscal 2024, we expect adjusted expense growth in the mid-single digits, reflecting investments in our risk and control infrastructure and the impact of TD Cowen. This quarter, we incurred a restructuring charge of $165 million pre-tax. Next quarter, we expect to incur additional restructuring charges of approximately $50 million and to conclude our restructuring program. The total restructuring charges are higher than we initially anticipated as the bank identified additional opportunities to drive productivity this quarter. As a result, the expected run rate savings are also higher. The restructuring program is expected to generate savings of approximately $400 million pre-tax since fiscal 2024 and annual run rate savings of approximately $725 million pre-tax. Cost savings will be driven by a 3% FTE reduction, real estate optimization, and asset impairment as we accelerate transitions to new platforms. This will create capacity to reinvest. The bank has already delivered an FTE reduction of approximately 3%, excluding reinvestment into hires related to our risk and control infrastructure. We continue to be disciplined on expense management. The bank is on track to deliver targeted fiscal '24 end annualized savings. Please turn to Slide 12. Canadian personal and commercial banking delivered a strong quarter, reflecting loan and deposit volume growth and substantial positive operating leverage. Average loan volumes rose 7% year-over-year with 7% growth in personal volumes driven by real estate secured lending up 7% and cards up 11% and 7% growth in business volumes. Average deposits rose 4% year-over-year, reflecting 6% growth in personal deposits, offset by a 1% decline in business deposits. Deposit growth reflects market share gains in term deposits driven by strong gains in new-to-bank term deposits, while TD maintained Canada's number one core deposit franchise. Net interest margin was 2.84%, flat quarter-over-quarter as higher margins on loans and deposits were offset by changes in balance sheet mix. As we look forward to Q3, while many factors can impact margins, we expect lower NIM from downward pressure due to competitive market dynamics and further migration of BAs to CORRA-based loans. We expect this to be partially offset by the benefit of tractor on and off rate. While the migration of BAs to CORRA-based loans is marginally dilutive to Canadian P&C NIM, it is neutral for the segment from a P&L perspective. We are also not expecting a significant impact to total bank NIM from this transition. Expenses increased, reflecting higher spend supporting business growth including employee-related expenses and technology costs. Please turn to Slide 13. US retail bank continued to deliver operating momentum with sequential earnings and loan growth in a challenging environment. Average loan volumes increased 7% year-over-year. We saw strong auto originations with loan volumes up 12% year-over-year and double-digit growth in TD's proprietary bank card book and consumer mortgage portfolio. And in commercial loans, we continue to deliver growth in mid-market lending with volumes up 20%, a business that is also driving fee income. Average deposit volumes excluding sweep deposits were relatively flat year-over-year and quarter-over-quarter as the US retail bank demonstrated deposit resilience in a competitive environment. On a spot basis, deposits were up 1% quarter-over-quarter. Net interest margin was 2.99%, down 4 basis points quarter-over-quarter, driven by balance sheet mix and higher funding costs. While many factors can impact margins including competitive deposit market dynamics in the US, the level of rates and balance sheet mix, we expect modest NIM expansion in the second half of the year. Expenses were relatively flat year-over-year and declined 6% quarter-over-quarter due to seasonality of expenses and the impact of productivity initiatives. We continue to make additional investments in risk and control areas which are mainly recorded in the corporate segment. Please turn to Slide 14. Wealth management and insurance delivered strong business momentum this quarter. Revenue grew 11% year-over-year, reflecting higher insurance premiums, fee-based revenue commensurate with market growth and transaction revenue. While expenses were up 7% year-over-year reflecting higher variable compensation commensurate with higher revenues, the segment reduced FTE by 8% year-over-year. As the insurance business continues its digital transformation and more customers complete sales online from end-to-end, we have achieved greater efficiencies in our contact centers. This creates capacity that can be reinvested in advisors and financial planners to drive growth in our wealth business. Assets under management increased year-over-year, reflecting market appreciation and assets under administration increased year-over-year, reflecting market appreciation and net asset growth. Please turn to Slide 15. Wholesale banking delivered record revenue for the second consecutive quarter. Revenue of $1.9 billion reflected broad-based growth across the investment bank, especially in global market, as we enhance its earnings power and realize the synergies from TD Cowen. Expenses increased 19% year-over-year, primarily reflecting higher variable compensation, commensurate with higher revenues and the inclusion of TD Cowen, which closed March 1st last year. Please turn to Slide 16. The corporate net loss for the quarter was $284 million. Net corporate expenses increased $220 million compared to the prior year, mainly reflecting investments in our risk and control infrastructure. This was partially offset by an increase of $113 million compared to the prior year in other, primarily reflecting treasury-related items. Please turn to Slide 17. The common equity Tier 1 ratio ended the quarter at 13.4%, down 51 basis points sequentially. Internal capital generation was offset by an increase in RWA, excluding the impact of FX, reflecting volume growth and risk migration, as expected. We continued our NCIB this quarter and have now completed almost two-thirds of our 90 million share buyback program. Together, the AML investigation provision and civil matter provision decreased CET1 by 15 basis points this quarter. As a reminder, the operational risk capital RWA impacts of these items are on a one-quarter lag and will be reflected in Q3. With that, Ajai, over to you.

Thank you, Kelvin, and good morning, everyone. Please turn to Slide 18. Gross impaired loan formations were stable at 21 basis points for the bank. For the segments, formations were stable in Canadian P&C, lower in US Retail, and there were no new formations in the wholesale segment. Please turn to Slide 19. Gross impaired loans were stable at 41 basis points quarter-over-quarter as increases in the Canadian P&C and US Retail segments were partially offset by a decrease for the wholesale segment. Please turn to Slide 20. Recall that our presentation reports PCL ratios, both gross and net of the partner share of the US strategic card PCLs. We remind you that US card PCLs recorded in the corporate segment are fully absorbed by our partners and do not impact the bank's net income. The bank's gross provision for credit losses increased 3 basis points quarter-over-quarter to 47 basis points. The increase is largely recorded in the wholesale and Canadian commercial lending portfolios and is primarily related to credit migration across various industries and volume growth. Please turn to Slide 21. The bank's impaired PCL was $870 million, a decrease of $64 million quarter-over-quarter, driven by lower provisions in the US commercial lending portfolio and seasonal trends in the US card and auto portfolios, partially offset by credit migration in the Canadian commercial lending portfolios across various industries. Performing PCL increased $134 million quarter-over-quarter to $201 million. Current quarter performing provisions were largely reflected in the Canadian personal and commercial, US retail, and wholesale segments. Please turn to Slide 22. The allowance for credit losses increased by $282 million quarter-over-quarter to $8.6 billion due to a $129 million impact from foreign exchange, current credit conditions, including some credit migration across segments and volume growth. The bank's allowance coverage remains elevated to account for ongoing uncertainty relating to the economic trajectory and credit performance. In summary, the bank exhibited good credit performance this quarter as results remain within expectations and reflective of the current economic and credit environment. I continue to expect PCLs for fiscal '24 to be in a range of 40 to 50 basis points, although results may vary by quarter and are subject to changes in economic conditions. With that, operator, we are now ready to begin the Q&A session.

Our first question is from Doug Young from Desjardins Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning. Regarding the CET1 ratio, which decreased by 50 basis points from the previous quarter, it seems there was a 20 basis point impact from asset quality, likely due to credit migration. I’d like to understand where you are observing this credit migration. Can you provide more details on that? Additionally, Kelvin, you mentioned that the operational risk from legal items will affect the CET1 ratio in the upcoming quarter. Could you quantify that impact?

Yeah. It's Ajai. So let me start with the credit migration. And you would have noticed that credit migration or asset quality accounts for $7.1 billion increase in RWA. US retail is a big component of that. We're seeing credit migration in commercial across various segments or industries, but CRE is a factor there. We're also seeing higher PDs and LGDs in US auto. On the Canadian side and Canadian consumer, we are seeing migration on the auto book, largely PD, very little right now on LGD, and then we're seeing a bit on commercial as well. In wholesale, the migration we're seeing is in PD and LGD again, and it's not one industry. It's across a number of industries.

It's Kelvin here, to your question. So the capital impact of these items for Q2 was about 15 basis points, 1-5, and the lag in operational risk impact in Q3 is expected to be around 12 basis points.

Yeah. And if I just do a follow-up, Ajai, just in terms of the performing loan PCL and the credit migration that you're seeing run through the capital side, can you talk a bit about the conservatism or your approach? And maybe on the performing loan side, how much of that performing loan build this quarter or what's in your allowance on the performing loan side relates to expertise credit judgment?

The expert judgment component is quite small, likely under 5%. Most of the allowance is based on macro factors, although we do thorough bottom-up analysis. Since the pandemic began, we've been examining portfolios and considering the impact of higher rates persisting for an extended period. Commercial real estate is a good example where we analyze borrower-by-borrower potential reserves to determine if they are reflected in the macro scenario. In Canada, we've focused on higher-risk segments like RESL, constantly assessing the effects of sustained higher rates and incorporating that into our allowance. While we do apply some judgment, it's not the primary driver of our allowances. I feel confident about our allowance at 91 basis points. We have a downside risk scenario, which we've weighed significantly, and we've been including the prospect of higher rates for longer in our asset-liability management practices.

Appreciate the color. Thank you.

Thank you. Our following question is from Meny Grauman from Scotiabank. Please go ahead.

Hi, good morning. Just wanted to revisit US growth plan, something you talked about a year ago, Q2 '23. If I look at the guidance on store openings, you talked about 150 stores by 2027. You did 17 new stores in '23, but down 10 year-to-date. So just wondering, that 150 store by 2027, that guidance, is that still guidance that you would stand behind or does it need to be adjusted?

Thank you for the question, Meny. To take a step back, the store network has been crucial to our growth strategy over the past two decades in the US and plays an important role in our acquisition process. Looking ahead, our top priority is to fully address the AML and governance issues we are facing in the US, which is taking a significant portion of our investment as we approach it with the seriousness it deserves. Additionally, we are focusing on store expansion at a deliberate pace while emphasizing our digital and mobile strategies to position our franchise for balanced omnichannel growth in the future. Although stores will remain important in the medium to long term, our immediate focus will be on these two key areas. We've also been retooling our stores; over the past few quarters, we have upgraded about 66 stores to our next generation design. This redesign allows us to foster deeper relationships with our clients and enhance our advisory capabilities, which has been well-received. We're also improving the interior capabilities of our stores and are over 50% finished revamping our ATM network for better point of sale marketing. Furthermore, we're increasing digital merchandising across the network to dynamically enhance our advertising capabilities. All of these efforts aim to make our already strong retail acquisition network even more productive, effective, and future-ready.

Thanks, Leo. That's it from me.

Thanks, Meny.

Thank you. Our following question is from Matthew Lee from Canaccord Genuity. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning and thanks for taking my question. Maybe we can start by talking about the Cowen acquisition. Now about a year in, it feels to me that several of your US bank peers are talking about the sponsor business as an area that could be a tailwind in the second half of the year. Can you maybe talk about how combining Cowen's expertise in TD's balance sheet can help you benefit from an acceleration in that segment?

Thank you, Matthew. It's Riaz. Just to your point, we have established strengths in the sponsor business in Canada and the US, particularly on the large cap side through legacy TD securities. Cowen has brought together strong mid-market investment banking and sponsor finance capabilities. They have the relationships and placement abilities, but they lacked the balance sheet to fully capitalize on those opportunities. By integrating these strengths, especially for the TD Cowen side in the US, and aligning them with Leo's business, we see a significant opportunity ahead. We aim to enhance both the larger cap and mid-market sides of the sponsor business and are already experiencing positive momentum. During the integration, we've actually moved three Cowen bankers to bolster Leo's team, which is helping us merge the advantages of both distribution and product capabilities, leading to promising early results for both Leo's and my areas of the business.

Okay, great. And then I think you've said in the past, the sale of Ameritrade opens the door for you to develop your own proprietary wealth management business in the US. Can you just probably give some parameters around what you think that business could look like in five years? And does the development of that business perhaps incentivize you to sell the Schwab stake at all?

Well, I won't comment about the sort of motivations around the sale of the stake in TD Ameritrade, but I do think this does present us an opportunity to build out our wealth franchise. I just think of the work that was done in Canada over the past decade. We were very deliberate in building both the mass affluent distribution network that is linked to the retail franchise as well as a high net worth execution capability. We're following a similar playbook, albeit the market might be different in terms of its competitive landscape. I think some of the dynamics are the same. We bank 10 million retail consumers in the US. A little bit over 3 million of those would be deemed mass affluent. Building out a mass affluent execution sales force is a significant priority and we're well underway in terms of doing that. I would want to try to replicate much of the same financial planning dynamic that we built in the Canadian segment and tie that really neatly into our retail franchise. Likewise, if you look at our performance in the high net worth space, we've had a very good year in terms of the growth of our high net worth business. Today, it's a much more significant contributor to our overall franchise, and we would hope over the next five, seven years, wealth becomes a key contributor, both to fee income, but also to our overall improvement of our overall return on equity. So it is one of our strategic aspirations, strategic priorities going forward, and we'll continue to build it out.

Are you there, operator?

Hey, Ebrahim.

Mr. Bharat, can you hear me?

Yeah, I think we lost the operator, but I can see your name on the screen, so go ahead, Ebrahim.

Good morning. I wanted to follow up regarding the AML issue and your comments about store openings. It seems you're not opening new stores and may face challenges in doing so. I share the concern regarding the stagnation of the US franchise. Leo, could you help clarify why we shouldn't be worried about the potential stagnation of the TD franchise, considering the penalties that may be imposed? When we look at institutions like JPMorgan and various regional banks expanding their branches in the southeast, along with issues like talent attrition, please explain why these factors might not pose a significant risk as we look ahead over the next two to three years while addressing the AML concerns.

Thank you for the question, Ebrahim. Let's begin by reviewing the quarter. We achieved a 7% sequential growth in our performance, driven by robust operating momentum and leading loan growth in both our commercial and retail sectors. Additionally, we saw a 6% sequential decrease in expenses, as our productivity initiatives introduced in the third quarter of last year start to take effect. We maintained a stable deposit environment, experiencing some spot growth, but remained relatively flat on an average quarter-on-quarter basis, while also improving our overall return on equity. We accomplished this while making significant investments in our governance and control framework, particularly in relation to our AML agenda. I want to emphasize the strength of our franchise and our capacity to deliver solutions—whether in consumer lending, wealth management, or mid-market transactional banking—to our existing client base, which is certainly yielding positive results. Regarding our stores, I want to clarify that while I believe we can grow our store presence, we are currently in discussions with regulators, and I do not want to compromise those conversations. I understand there are many questions about our capabilities, and I assure you that we will provide clearer information as soon as possible. In the meantime, I can confidently say that we have a strong franchise, we are investing in it, and we will continue to expand in areas such as cards, wealth management, and mid-market business. We are also committed to enhancing our digital and mobile capabilities and will seek opportunities to further grow the franchise. The results of our efforts are becoming evident.

I understand. As a follow-up, Bharat, you mentioned in your opening remarks that TD did not effectively manage threats from bad actors. I'm trying to reconcile that with my understanding of TD's strong risk management. What went wrong? Additionally, regarding the article in The Globe about the RCM, can you assure us that this is a very specific US AML issue, or should we expect to see headlines about other risk gaps at TD in the coming weeks? Please clarify what went wrong and how you've reassessed the risk framework to prevent this from happening again.

Yeah, Ebrahim. This is Bharat. Look, we've said so much about the AML program in the US. We know the role we play, the importance of financial institutions play in the fight against money laundering, and we are committed to doing our part. And the reports you hear, what you read does not reflect who we are, our values, or what the bank stands for. And we made that very clear. I mean, we get targeted all the time. And unfortunately, in these instances, our program fell short and we know what those shortcomings are. We are on it and we are fixing them. And you saw in our press release that came out a couple of weeks ago, we've already invested $500 million in the program remediation, in enhancements. We've hired AML executives. These are some of the best in the world. We've onboarded hundreds of AML experts as well and professionals, and deployed new enterprise-wide training, on-boarding programs to improve the program performance and consistency, and of course, new technologies. We're moving to a brand new platform towards the end of the year. So we are doing what you'd expect TD to do. And unfortunately, because of our ongoing discussions, we are not able to give you more color on this, but I'm hoping at some point we will be. And I'm looking forward to those days. With respect to the article you're talking about, it is unfortunate that the report contains inaccuracies and misrepresents our normal course, business-as-usual interactions with Canadian regulators. We are a large global player. We have lots of discussions with many regulators that are normal course, business-as-usual. And like I said, it is unfortunate that the report contains inaccuracies. We strive to be a well-run bank. Our risk management reputation goes back many decades, and it's unfortunate that in this one instance, we fell short. And as I said earlier, we are in the process of fixing it and we will fix it. And we are making all the right investments and hiring the right professionals to get us there. So with that, I hope I have covered off everything you're asking.

Maybe I can add a few… It's Ajai. So just from my perspective, the main issue we're dealing with is the US AML program. There are lessons learned from the US AML program and there are investments being made. All those are going to benefit the global program, but as Bharat said, there is a comprehensive effort underway. We're taking it very seriously. The other comment I wanted to make just relating to the article, from my standpoint, it is normal course for a bank to be investing in risk programs. You can ask any other CRO anywhere in the world, do they invest in risk programs. Whether it's cyber, whether it's third-party, whether it's fraud and other programs, the list goes on and on, compliance. That is normal cause for any bank to be investing in their risk programs and also the dialogue which is referenced in the article actually happens every day. So I'll pause there.

No, I think that's helpful. I guess, sounds like it still remains a primarily US AML issue. And I guess the other question. Ajai, as a follow-up, why did you not catch that? Going back to what Bharat said, decades of like reputation as risk management, I would have thought TD is leading the charge on best-in-class AML. Why did that not happen? Is this isolated or is that a systemic issue at the bank?

Good question. And what I would say is we always endeavor to be best-in-class in every risk area, but yes, from time to time, we find we've fallen behind in a particular area and we're out there owning the issue that we fell behind in our program and our program did not pick up things it should have picked up. But really, if I go right to the root cause of what happened, there were some procedural weaknesses in the US that caused bad actors to exploit us, and we were also disappointed that some of our colleagues didn't follow our code of ethics. Like those would be the two things I'd call out, and that's specific to the US. This is not a problem here at the enterprise level, but I want to emphasize, anything we learn in the US from this event and even otherwise, we bring it back to the enterprise and we make the appropriate enhancements. And that's what we're doing in this case as well. So again, to summarize, our endeavor is to be the best at everything, but yes, we do fall behind in certain areas occasionally, and this happens to be one of them. And we're not denying it. We're owning it.

That's key, Ebrahim. It would be easy to say, well, it's a one-off thing, we'll just move on. No, this is the TD style. This is the TD transparency. We want to make sure we tell you what went wrong and what we are doing about it and to make sure it never happens again. And that, I think, in itself tells you the culture of the bank and the risk culture that is inherent at TD.

No, this is good information. Thank you. All of it.

Thank you. Our following question is from Gabriel Dechaine from National Bank Financial. Please go ahead.

Hi, good morning. I'll ask all my questions at once. First, in your other income, the hedge gain line item has improved significantly both sequentially and compared to the trend. Can you explain that? Then for Bharat or Kelvin, the cost guidance for this year remains unchanged, which you made clear. I’m curious about your thoughts on costs related to the AML program beyond 2024. You're taking additional restructuring charges to find more cost savings, which makes me wonder if this indicates a need for greater cost savings to support the AML program. Finally, regarding buybacks, the pace has slowed down, and as far as I know, there were no stock repurchases in April, possibly due to a technical restriction. What is your outlook for buybacks and has it changed at all from what you communicated a few months ago? Thank you.

What was the first one? You had everything going there.

The hedge gains, it was a $200 million positive. Usually it's negative.

It's Kelvin. I'll address that. It's a similar item that we talked about in the past. When you look at these specific items, it's not reflecting the whole portfolio of trading-related income. I would ask that you look at our disclosure and our supplementary disclosure on trading-related income, if that's what you want to do. Looking at a specific line does not provide better insights.

Maybe we'll take that one offline. I think the other ones are more important.

Yeah. On the cost of remediation and all that, Gabe, our intention is to fix all our issues as soon as we can, and we're working hard. As I said earlier, we've already invested $500 million in program remediation, hired a lot of professionals, building new technologies, and we're trying to get this done as quickly as we can. But can it go into '25? Yeah, perhaps it might, but it's hard to say because these investments and the build sometimes takes longer, sometimes it's shorter. So we'll see how that works out. With respect to your question that are we looking for efficiencies just to, I think you used the word subsidize, absolutely not. We are a bank that always looks at efficiencies. If there is a better way to deliver for our nearly 28 million customers worldwide, we will obviously make sure that we achieve that. So of course, it's important that we run a bank, and I think the business of banking continues at TD where we continue to deliver for our customers and part of delivering for all our stakeholders is to run a very efficient bank, and you're seeing that in our numbers.

Then on the buybacks?

Buyback. Yeah. So our intentions are same as what we had said last time. We have a program and our intention is to complete the program subject to market conditions, and that's how we look at this program.

I guess your messaging was you want to do the full, whatever, 90 million or whatever it is, but I'm…

It is 90 million.

Yeah, these operational risk RWAs, there's this other civil settlement that are just taking little nibbles away at your capital ratio. I'm wondering if that changes the momentum a bit.

No, like I said, market conditions, we have an auto program as well that puts in the algorithm against that. And when appropriate, when we think there are market opportunities where buyback is in the interest of the bank and our shareholders, we will partake in that as well. So that's how we think about it. And subject to market conditions, our intention is to complete the program.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our following question is from Paul Holden from CIBC. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning. I'll just keep it to one for the interest of time. So going to go back to the AML issue because I think you made some very important statements there. While the AML shortfall is maybe in US specific, you are making enterprise-wide investments in risk and control. And the reason I bring that up is I think there's some concern that if there's, I don't know if you want to call it regulatory spread to Canada, that the cost of remediating might increase, but that does not sound like that's a risk, given the way you've talked about, again, enterprise-wide investment. So maybe you can just provide some clarity there.

Well, our guidance, I think Kelvin had said at the end of Q4 that our core expense growth is expected to be 2%, but given all the additional investments we are making in risk and control, that number will likely be mid-single digits. So that has not changed.

Okay. That doesn’t change even if you have to make additional investments in Canada. I will ask one more question. Can you provide some guidance on net interest margin at the all-bank level, considering that you expect Canada to decrease slightly but the US to be positive? Does that indicate a neutral position at the all-bank level? Thank you.

Hi. It's Kelvin here. We don't generally provide non-trading NIM guidance at the total bank level, but what you suggested is not unreasonable.

Thank you. Our following question is from Sohrab Movahedi from BMO Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Okay, thank you. I just wanted to clarify. Kelvin, the restructuring program became a little bit larger. It's intended to generate more savings, but none of that is falling to the bottom line. Is that correct?

Additional savings is more run rate in 2025, and so we haven't provided guidance for '25 expenses.

Okay, Leo, to revisit the US retail part, you pointed out the significant impact of reduced expenses from one quarter to the next and also year-over-year. Do you believe that managing expenses will be more critical for the US market as you look ahead over the next couple of quarters? And perhaps a bit skeptically, is this genuinely representative of your expenses if some are recorded under the corporate segment? Thank you.

Sohrab, regarding the first point, this quarter we clearly benefited from our expense management efforts, and I want to provide some additional details on that. In the third and fourth quarters of last year, we launched a productivity program focused on various factors including organizational health, corporate real estate optimization, strategically managing our store network, strengthening certain vendor relationships, and reviewing our technical architecture for potential efficiencies. All of these initiatives are progressing well. Therefore, I wouldn't underestimate these efforts as they enable us to make significant investments in our franchise, particularly in terms of governance, control, and foundational enhancements, as well as supporting our ongoing organic growth. The expense discipline we are implementing is crucial for the business. In response to your broader question, I expect that in the coming quarters, some of our tractor-on rates will provide a margin boost. We anticipate modest expansion in the second half, which should contribute positively. Combined with the operating momentum we already have, this should lead to year-over-year revenue growth, sustained expense discipline, and a relatively stable credit outlook. We believe you will see better profitability in the latter half of the year and clear momentum as we move into 2025. To summarize, I am confident in our capacity to drive organic growth, not only in terms of balance sheet improvement but also in bottom-line growth. Regarding our overall investment strategy, we consciously decided that some transformative investments related to the AML program will be managed at the corporate level. However, it's important to note that ongoing operating expenses will ultimately be managed at the segment level. All our forecasts take this expected spending into account, and I do anticipate we will achieve positive operating leverage throughout the cycle.

I appreciate the color. Thank you very much.

Operator, there?

Lemar, can you hear us?

Yeah, can you guys hear me?

So, why don’t you go ahead.

I understand you can't share more details about the charges. However, since you've made this initial provision, could you provide a general update on the discussions with other regulators and the Department of Justice? Do you think we could resolve this issue in 2024, or could it extend well into 2025 and beyond? Any insights you can share would be appreciated.

Lemar, unfortunately, we can't. As I've said it many times, we are in active discussions with our regulators and the Department of Justice. And we are hoping that we can bring closure to this as soon as we can, but it's hard for us to give you any specific timing in that respect.

Okay. Thanks. I just had to try that one. Can you talk to us about the strength in wealth management, so that $418 million in earnings. It's been relatively stable in the $330 million to $360 million range since the start of 2023. Should we think about this as a one-off strong result? Or is there something that's fundamentally shifted in that business or the earnings style of the Wealth Management business has now moved up somewhat? Thanks.

Lemar, thanks very much for the question. So I would say, if there's a theme today, you're seeing the strength of a diversified business model across the bank and that absolutely applies in wealth and wealth and insurance for that matter. I would answer your question by basically bifurcating our business drivers into factors we control and those that we don't. So from a macro perspective, obviously markets are critical when you have AUM and AUA over $1 trillion. Interest rates are a major driver to NII and sometimes dictate flow within the bank. In terms of what we do control, the client is at the center of everything we do. And so, we're constantly looking at our client needs and making sure that our strategies line up against what they are trying to accomplish and that we're delivering it on the product side in a form that they appreciate. And secondly, we control expenses. And if you look at our expense number and our operating leverage, our FPs overall down 8%. I would suggest to you that we are putting ourselves in a position to benefit across wealth and insurance and that's really what you saw in the $418 million, up 25%. So a long winded way of saying, if you have over $1 trillion obviously with the appreciation in the equity markets, if you are maintaining expense discipline, that's going to continue to drive results. And you'll also see continued results from growth in market share across advice, insurance and asset growth itself.

And then, Tim here, there might be a good opportunity to talk about the integrated model we run for the rest of the bay because that was the main topic at our Investor Day about a year ago and how between you and Ray and Barb in the Canadian businesses, how that plays out. So maybe take a minute on that Ray and…

Maybe, Lemar, it's Ray. And as you recall back from Investor Day, one of our big themes on where we thought we had the greatest opportunity for growth is on our One TD initiatives and that's what you're seeing actually play out in 2024. What we're seeing in the relationship between Canadian personal banking and wealth management is we're on pace to have our best year on record from a referrals from branch banking to wealth is up 12% year-on-year. But if I translate that into volumes, the actual closed volumes from Canadian personal banking to wealth is up 23% year-on-year for financial planning. It's up over 10% to all of our advice businesses and up 6% to direct investing. So, significant business that we said that's in our house. When you bank one out of every three Canadians across the country, significant organic growth opportunities just by the partnering that we have between our two businesses.

Sure. So, as people know, our strategy in the Canadian business bank is really centered around our better business bankers. For a long time, part of that strategy has been to bring the whole bank to our customers to make it easier for them to have all of their financial needs satisfied. One recent investment that initiative that we talked about in Investor Day was co-locating senior private bankers in our commercial banking centers. That initiative has been working extremely well. We now have those bankers in about three-quarters of our centers and we're seeing an acceleration in the amount of wealth business that's being generated through commercial banking clients.

Lemar, hopefully that gives you a sense for the power of TD and how we actually provide an integrated way of dealing with the whole bank here and not just every segment.

That's helpful. I'll leave it there in the interest of time. Thanks.

Thank you. And the final question will be from Nigel D'Souza from Veritas Investment Research. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Thank you for taking my question. I wanted to follow-up on your US commercial real estate portfolio. When I look at impaired provisions relative to impaired loans, I calculate a loss rate somewhere between 10% to 15%. Your peers have a loss rate that's a bit higher, closer to 30%. And I'm wondering if there are factors that are mitigating losses in that portfolio or if it's a function of, higher level of performing allowances built in your US CRE book? And if so, could you provide some color on the performing reserves you've built for US CRE?

Yeah, I mean, I can start and I don't know if Leo has any comments. The US CRE portfolio and particularly the office portfolio has been a focus for us now for an extended period. We are seeing migration, we are seeing performing migration, we are seeing defaults on that portfolio as well. And we've been building reserves for an extended period. We actually built the reserves during the pandemic and when we saw that things would take some time to play out, we held on to most of those reserves. So today we sit on reserves in commercial real estate in general over 2.5 times pre-pandemic levels and a lot of that is in office. Now, I can't comment on the peer’s book, I can comment on our book because what we do and I mentioned this in a previous question every single quarter, okay, our team goes borrower by borrower, does a bottom-up analysis, stresses the book for higher rates, stresses the book for lease renewals, stresses the book for valuations and we keep bolstering reserves. And so we feel pretty good between performing and even what's in Stage 3 for commercial real estate on where we are. And this is going to continue. This story is not over Nigel, it's going to play out. I feel good about where we're reserved. That doesn't mean there won't be any more reserves. It's quite dynamic. But all I'm telling you is, we follow a very thorough process at the bank at how we come up with our reserves. So I'll stop there. And, Leo, you may want to add some color.

And, Nigel, the only thing I would add is that it is about discipline. If you look back at the beginning of COVID in the first quarter of 2020, our office commercial real estate books were around $5.1 billion. They currently stand at $4.2 billion. We have been methodically reducing our exposures for over three years now and we are very comfortable with our current portfolio, both in terms of its quality and the expiration structure, which should enable us to support our clients through the economic cycle.

Okay. That's helpful. If I could clarify on the civil matter this quarter, am I right to assume that's related to US non-sufficient fund fees, or is it a different issue?

We don't discuss the specifics of this matter for confidentiality reasons.

The reason I brought that up is that we have the civil matter charged this quarter. Previously, you had the Stanford litigation issue, which was related to the US franchise. If there are some non-AML issues that have emerged infrequently in the past, it would be beneficial if you could identify which areas you believe contributed to the shortfalls you've experienced. Is it technology investments, risk reporting, committee-level reviews, or training of your frontline staff? Any highlights or insights on this would be really helpful.

I can confirm that the latter is in the US, and then when we can provide more details, we would do so.

Okay. That's it for me. Thank you.

Thank you. There are no further questions at this time. I will turn the call back over to you, Mr. Masrani.

Thanks very much, operator. And another strong quarter from TD. It's great to see our people around the world focus on the business of banking and I want to take this opportunity to thank them because they continue to deliver for all our stakeholders, including our shareholders. And I look forward to seeing many of you over the next 90 days or at our quarter-end earnings call. Thank you.

Thank you. The conference has now ended. Please disconnect your lines at this time, and we thank you for your participation.