Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for standing by. Welcome to VolitionRx Limited Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. During today's presentation, all parties will be in a listen-only mode. Following the presentation, the conference call will be opened for questions. This conference is being recorded today, November 15, 2023. I’d now like to turn the conference call over to Scott Powell, Executive Vice President of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you and welcome, everyone to today's earnings conference call for VolitionRx Limited. This call will cover Volition's financial and operating results for the third quarter of 2023, along with a discussion of our recent activities and key upcoming milestones. Following our prepared remarks, we will open the conference call to a question-and-answer session. Also on our call today are Mr. Cameron Reynolds, President and Group Chief Executive Officer; Mr. Terig Hughes, Group Chief Financial Officer; Dr. Tom Butera, Chief Executive Officer of our Volition Veterinary Subsidiary; and Dr. Andrew Retter, Medical Consultant to Volition. Before we begin, I'd like to remind everyone that some of the information discussed on this conference call will include forward-looking statements covered under the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on our beliefs, as well as assumptions we have used based upon information currently available to us. Because these statements reflect our current views concerning future events, these statements involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Actual future results may vary significantly based on a number of factors that may cause the actual results or events to be materially different from future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by these statements. We have identified various risk factors associated with our operations in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We do not undertake an obligation to update any forward-looking statements made during the course of this call. I would now like to turn the call over to our President and Group Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Cameron Reynolds. Cameron?

Thanks, Scott, and thank you, everyone, for joining Volition's third quarter 2023 earnings call today. We especially appreciate your time given this is the busy earnings call season. We will commence the call with the financial report from our Group Chief Financial Officer, Terig Hughes, before moving to Dr. Tom Butera, our Chief Executive Officer of Volition Veterinary, for an update on the rollout of our Nu.Q vet cancer test. And then I'm delighted that Dr. Andy Retter, who works as a hematologist and intensive care consultant at one of the U.K.'s leading hospitals, has prerecorded his thoughts on our progress in our new net pillar. And in particular, the result of our FDA meeting achieving a clear regulatory pathway and also of our recent breakthrough early cancer detection method recently presented at ESMO in October. I will wrap up with my thoughts and upcoming milestones and discuss our overall strategy going forward. Without further ado, I'll hand you across to Terig for the financial report. Terig?

Thanks very much, Cameron, and thank you, everyone, for joining our earnings call today. I'll now provide a summary of the key financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. From a revenue perspective, we recorded revenue of $165,000 for the quarter, a five-fold increase over the same period last year. During the first three quarters of 2023, revenue grew 185% to $531,000. We believe that these results demonstrate steady growth, but not yet the ramp in revenues that we anticipate. We expect revenues to accelerate as we close out 2023 and into the early part of 2024, as several additional distributors come online with our new Nu.Q vet test, and our Nu.Q Discover pillar continues its growth. Year-on-year revenue growth was primarily driven by sales of the Nu.Q vet cancer test, which grew almost fivefold over the nine-month period ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the prior year period, reflecting sales of the reference kits mostly through our agreement with IDEXX, whom we are working closely with on their marketing and expansion plans across the U.S. and into international markets. Revenue for Nu.Q Discover for the first three quarters of 2023 was $151,000, which reflects 38% growth over the comparative period in 2022. Looking ahead, as we have previously stated, it is difficult in these early stages of commercialization to provide meaningful revenue guidance. But as both Tom and Cameron will cover in their updates, we are pleased with the progress we are making across a number of our product pillars. We ended the quarter with cash and cash equivalents of approximately $10.8 million, compared to $10.9 million at the end of 2022. The net cash used in operating activities during the quarter was approximately $8.4 million and included payments of almost $1 million related to our U.S. clinical trial activities in sepsis, which have since decreased due to the successful completion of the first phase. We are working hard to keep our burn as low as possible while we commercialize a range of products. Total operating expenses for the quarter were $8.8 million compared to $8 million for the third quarter of 2022. This increase was primarily the result of increased research and development expenditures, mainly reflecting the cost of our U.S. clinical trials, which added $0.7 million to the profit and loss costs in the quarter. The net loss for the quarter was $8.5 million compared to $7.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. As ever, and in particular, given the current macroeconomic conditions, we remain committed to careful expenditure and tight budget control. As to that end, we have recently completed a rationalization project and identified annualized savings of approximately $2 million, including a reduction in our overall headcount. It is a balance between investing in our product development and launches to ensure revenue growth and preserving precious capital. We are very carefully and thoughtfully trading this balance. To date, various European funding bodies, and in particular, Belgian agencies have provided the company with approximately $19 million in non-dilutive funding in various forms, including cash grants or loans on favorable terms. This cash has helped fund either wholly or in part our purpose-built R&D facility and our manufacturing site, Silver One in Belgium, our innovation lab in California, the establishment of our Volition veterinary subsidiary, various R&D programs, and most recently, our Centers of Excellence program for Nu.Q NET in Europe. Subsequent to the quarter-end, our Walloon institutional fund and regional government bodies of the Walloon region of Belgium approved providing additional funding to the company, aggregating approximately $6 million. We are also expecting further amounts from other Belgian agencies to be secured in the first quarter of 2024. We would like to publicly thank various government agencies in Belgium for their continued support. We have also greatly expanded our efforts with respect to seeking non-dilutive funding in the U.S. Our aim is to fund some of our major programs through either non-dilutive or project financing, which we anticipate could potentially be upwards of $25 million over the next two years. Cameron will outline this strategy to fund our pillars going forward later in his portion of the call. Looking ahead, we also expect to receive another $13 million in milestone payments from the Heska Corporation. Clearly, these are challenging times at the macroeconomic level. However, I believe that we are well placed with our existing capital and expected near-term incoming funds to execute the plan the team has in place for this final quarter and into 2024. With that, I will pass over to Dr. Tom Butera, CEO of our Volition Veterinary subsidiary. Tom?

Thanks very much, Terry, and good morning, everybody. I am pleased to report that in the first nine months of 2023, revenue for the Nu.Q vet cancer test grew almost five-fold over the comparable prior year period, reflecting sales of the reference kits to our global, regional, and local supply agreements. The revenue growth demonstrates solid progress to date, and we certainly expect more growth to come as additional companies fully launch our product, both in the U.S. and around the world. As you will have seen in a recent announcement, our Nu.Q vet cancer test is now available in the U.K. Indeed, I am taking this call from London, England as the team is in town for the London vet show over the coming days. We were thrilled the launch of our Nu.Q test was featured in an article in the Sunday Times, one of the flagship papers here in the U.K., which provided really terrific exposure. The London Vet Show is Europe's largest veterinary exhibition with more than 20% of U.K. vets attending the event. So we are looking forward to a busy few days, not only in the exhibition hall, but we also have a series of sponsored and invited talks on Friday with Dr. Sue Ettinger and Becca Timmins. There are 11 million pet dogs in the U.K., with 29% of households owning one or more dogs, so we believe that the U.K. market provides another tremendous opportunity to drive access to our early detection test. We are delighted to be supplying two of the leading veterinary diagnostic providers in the U.K., Nationwide Laboratories and Veterinary Pathology Group, both of them will also be promoting the Nu.Q vet cancer test at the London Vet show. We expect exciting times ahead on this side of the pond. We are also making progress in our efforts to provide greater access to our Nu.Q vet cancer test in Asia, and we'll be launching with Vita Genomics in early 2024 in Taiwan. We also anticipate announcing the launch in the early part of 2024 with a leading veterinary diagnostic provider in Japan. In terms of our global licensing and supply agreements, IDEXX continues to ramp up the availability of the Nu.Q test across the extensive U.S. reference laboratory network. IDEXX is gearing up marketing efforts to drive awareness and trial of the product with the U.S. conference season just around the corner in January and February 2024. The Mars Heska Group continues to make very good progress as well, and we hopefully anticipate the launch of the exclusive point-of-care test very soon, which would also trigger a milestone payment to us. From a research and development perspective, under the guidance of Dr. Heather Wilson Robles, Dr. Justin Heine, and Dr. Becca Timmins, we are continuing to develop our feline product and we'll be expanding our Nu.Q platform into emergency medicine, specifically looking at NETosis, and I certainly look forward to bringing you more detailed updates on these two topics in the future. That's a quick update for me, given our packed agenda today. I will now with great pleasure hand over to Dr. Andrew Retter, a hematologist and intensive care consultant at one of the U.K.'s leading hospitals. Dr. Retter has provided invaluable insights and guidance to the Volition team and presented at our Capital Markets Day earlier this year, and at a number of informative webinars and events the team has hosted. Dr. Retter will be providing his view on our progress with Nu.Q NETs, as well as discussing Volition's breakthrough method in early cancer detection. Andy, over to you.

Thanks very much, Tom, for that introduction, and good morning, everybody. I'm delighted to join the call today and provide an update on some of the significant progress made with Volition's Nu.Q NETs in cancer pillars. Starting first with Nu.Q NETs sepsis, which is how I first was introduced to Volition. Sepsis, as you've heard me say before, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with almost 15 million cases annually, leading to, unfortunately, around 11 million deaths. There is ongoing discussion about the diagnosis and definition of sepsis. Volition has made significant progress this quarter, which has carried through into the fourth quarter. In September, we hosted a key opinion leader roundtable event in Athens, Greece. This workshop held over the course of two days focused exclusively on sepsis and the potential role of Nu.Q NETs. It was attended by some of the world's leading experts, including three authors of the highly influential and critical sepsis three clinical definition paper, the current chair of the International Sepsis Forum, the current chair of the European Sepsis Alliance, and many other attendees operating as a center of excellence within the Nu.Q NETs program. We desperately need new diagnostics and new tools to measure the progression of sepsis, and this may lead to new therapeutics. The sense from the group was that Nu.Q NETs potentially represents one of the biggest breakthroughs in sepsis and the management of sepsis in the last 40 years. If you would like to find out more about the KOL meeting, a short report was issued and is available in the download section of the Volition website. Moving forward with this group, I'm now working on a clinical review article with the intention to submit it for peer review and publication in the first quarter of 2024. Speaking of publications, shortly after the event and subsequent to quarter-end, in October, the first clinical paper from a Center of Excellence was published. This was published by Professor Gila Monterrey's Group from Leon. The data published demonstrated a mortality signal. So the higher the score, unfortunately, the more likely a patient is to die. He has also confirmed the correlation with Nu.Q NETs and the sepsis score. The sepsis score is the current, but a little cumbersome aggregate score used to diagnose and monitor sepsis. As a clinician, the reason for the high level of interest, and there, I say excitement about the results of Nu.Q NETs, is that if we could establish a baseline and continue to monitor a patient with a simple test, this would be much more straightforward and more efficient than current practices. It also potentially provides us with a new therapeutic target to improve the care of our patients in the future. It is fantastic to have this first paper out, and we look forward to further data being published by Centers of Excellence in 2024 and beyond. Over in the U.S., I am pleased to report that Volition recently completed the QSub process with the U.S. Food & Administration. I am happy to announce that they have agreed to the regulatory pathway of a traditional 510(k) path with an adjudicated clinical comparator. The Volition team is grateful for the opportunity to participate in the QSub process and greatly appreciates the feedback from the FDA. These interactions were engaging and helpful, and Volition feels that such discussions have given it a clear regulatory path to follow for what we hope is an exciting opportunity. Finally, from a Nu.Q NETs perspective, I'm happy to say that the study at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in London is about to open. Guy's and St Thomas' is sponsoring the study and it is funded by Volition. As a reminder, this is a large-scale 500-patient prospective study, which will run over the course of the next 12 to 18 months. It is fantastically up and running ahead of the winter months. I'd like to take just a few minutes to discuss Volition's potentially breakthrough cancer detection method presented at ESMO 2023, the Annual Congress of the European Society of Medical Oncology. For those with a particular interest in this topic, I might direct you again to the Volition website where you can view a recorded webinar about this exciting breakthrough. Cancer, as we all know, is a deadly disease, causing around 10 million deaths a year. It is also set to grow as our population ages with estimates of 30 new million cases a year by 2040. Like many diseases, early diagnosis has a significant impact on outcome. Putting it simply, the earlier we can diagnose cancer, the greater chance of survival and a good quality of life for our patients. Early diagnosis is challenging. Cancer develops silently with few symptoms, and so frequently, people are diagnosed late when there are few treatment options available or when treatment is available, it is more invasive and more aggressive. Indeed, in the U.K., where I work, about 45% of cancers are diagnosed at Stage 3 or Stage 4. In early stage cancer, it is difficult to detect cancer-derived circulating tumor DNA, also known as ctDNA. The ctDNA in the blood may comprise only 0.01% of the DNA present against a background of 99.99% cell-free DNA circulating. Moreover, most of the cancer DNA has exactly the same sequence as normal DNA. Current ctDNA detection methods on the market and in development involve DNA extraction, sequencing of all the DNA in the sample both cancer and normal, and analysis of the sequencing data using sophisticated computer algorithms. Volition has developed a novel method for liquid biopsy involving the first reported physical isolation of a class of tumor ctDNA fragments from blood. These cancer-derived ctDNA fragments are then extracted after removal of all normal background DNA from the test. This allows detection with a simple, low-cost polarized chain reaction. Proof-of-concept data was presented at ESMO 2023 and demonstrates the isolation of tumor-derived DNA fragments from plasma. Volition tested the new method in a first small clinical experiment and detected a range of liquid and other cancers, including early Stage 1 disease. For example, 74% of leukemia was detected at 96% specificity and 77% of colorectal cancers were detected at 92% specificity using ctDNA and PCR assays. These early assays were developed using leukemia as a model to follow. Surprisingly, we also detected many other cancers, including colorectal cancer in a blood test with an accuracy approaching that of the current fecal immunochemical tests. Dr. Jake Micallef, Volition's Chief Scientific Officer, known to many of you on the call today, previously stated that the results to date are exciting and pave the way for a whole new class of undiscovered biomarkers with potentially hundreds of thousands of possible targets. Volition is now developing a range of cancer-specific assays, which we expect to be more accurate, both more sensitive and more specific than these preliminary results, and we really look forward to sharing progress in the beginning of the first quarter of 2024. In closing, I'd like to express my own personal excitement about the progress of the company, both through Nu.Q and with respect to its recent potentially breakthrough cancer detection method. I believe that Volition technologies will not only help with diagnostic enrichment but also with monitoring a patient's disease progression and response to treatment, remarkably accomplishing these goals with what should be a relatively low-cost routine blood test, allowing it to be used around the world in multiple healthcare settings. Thank you very much for listening today. I will now pass you over to Cameron Reynolds for his final remarks. Thank you, Cameron.

Thank you very much, Dr. Andy Retter for providing those insights, and thanks as always to Terig and Tom for their reports. It's a real sign of the varied expertise we now have at Volition. 2023 thus far has certainly been transformational for Volition. But before I reflect on that, I'd like to take a moment to elucidate our financial strategy. Given the current macroeconomic conditions, we are focusing on getting each pillar to support itself either through product revenues, milestone payments, out-licensing, or other non-dilutive funding by the end of 2024. We are currently targeting the following: we expect Nu.Q Vet to be overall cash flow positive from now on through milestone payments and the expected revenue ramp as more partners launch and our existing partners expand into new territories. We expect Nu.Q Discover to more than double revenue in 2024 and to become profitable starting in 2025. We're running out of time to cover Discover separately on this call, but overall, we are very happy with progress with nine contracts signed already and a further 10 currently in negotiation. Thirdly, we have begun a strategy to fund, as Terig alluded to earlier, our Nu.Q NET through non-dilutive and/or project funding of up to $25 million. We have targeted a range of government agencies in the U.S. and Europe and are also preparing the background work aimed at attracting a large player to either out-license or invest in the product directly. Lastly, as discussed by Gael Forterre, our Chief Commercial Officer, in our recent webinar, there has been a lot of external interest in our CTCF and Nu.Q cancer technologies. Our strategy is to license this out to one or more larger companies as the commercial undertaking of this size is likely beyond our current capabilities. If successful, we believe this strategy could provide us ongoing royalties and very meaningful milestone payments in 2024. Given the current macroeconomic conditions, we believe these methods of funding the four pillars should provide us a very good basis to move forward. To date, in 2023, the commercialization of our transformational Nu.Q Vet cancer test within the companion animal healthcare sector has signed up several large new players with more to come. Given the ongoing bedding in of our existing partners and the expected launch very soon of a range of others, we strongly suspect we will see very good revenue growth from Nu.Q Vet through 2024. I'm also delighted in the progress we made in our Nu.Q NETs pillar and in particular, in determining our regulatory pathway forward with the U.S. FDA, a key milestone for the company. Thirdly, I'm absolutely delighted with the breakthrough CTCF cancer detection method, which we published just last month at ESMO. This is based on 13 years of work on the chemistry of circulating chromatin fragments. We have developed what we believe is a transformational vet chemistry pathway that identifies and physically isolates chromatin fragments that we know are tumor-derived and back around DNA of the same sequence, and then tested with a simple PCR panel to establish whether cancer is present. A true breakout moment, the first reported physical isolation of tumor-derived circulating DNA fragments from blood. We believe that this method obviates expensive and time-consuming DNA sequencing and bioinformatics, allowing for rapid cost-effective detection in a routine blood test. This has been a fantastic achievement by our research and development team and one that has kept the intellectual property team very busy. As you can imagine, we believe that this represents a tremendous opportunity, a paradigm shift as it were for cancer detection and indeed, from this preliminary data, early cancer detection. This method could become a must-have technology for everyone in the liquid biopsy space. Given its significance, we are very much open to licensing this technology. We have been very encouraged by the level of interest thus far from a range of different companies. At this stage, nothing is off the table: exclusive, non-exclusive, global regional cancer-specific, or pan-cancer use. Exciting times, and this is exactly what we hoped for when we founded Volition. To sum up, I know it has been a long road to getting to where we are today, and I'm very proud of the progress we are making as a team at Volition and that we have stuck with it and got to where we are today. It's an exciting time for us as a company, and we look forward to sharing further updates and milestones with you over the coming quarters as we continue to adapt to the changing times and conditions to deliver on what we believe to be revolutionary technologies. In drawing this earnings call to a close, I'd like to thank you all for joining the call today. We very much appreciate it. Given how much there is to digest across all of our pillars, we're happy to answer your questions now.

Thank you. We will now conduct a question-and-answer session. Our first question comes from Ross Osborn with Cantor Fitzgerald. Please proceed.

Hi, everyone. Congrats on the progress and thanks for taking our questions. So just wanted to focus on Nu.Q Vet today, given it's the most near-term revenue opportunity. With regards to the U.K. market, how much coverage do you think the two reference laboratories have there?

Yes, great question, Ross. Thanks for asking it. I think we're going to have broad coverage for the U.K. Both of these labs, Nationwide and VPG, have extensive coverage in the U.K. throughout, and VPG also has penetration into Ireland. So the answer to your question quite simply is broad coverage.

Okay. Great. And then maybe turning to IDEXX, could you remind us of the go-to-market strategy there in terms of marketing reach and current capacity?

IDEXX is both a domestic U.S. company and has significant international exposure. We've been collaborating with them since their launch at VMX in January. They are highly engaged with us at this time. As a large company, there are many moving parts. We encountered some initial challenges in the reference labs, but those have been resolved, and everything is functioning well now. We are very dedicated to providing them with collateral and collaborative support for their educational initiatives, and they plan to expand both domestically and internationally in 2024. Although the ramp-up has been somewhat slow, it's important to note that this is a new concept and discipline in veterinary cancer detection. They are very engaged with us, and we expect significant growth over the course of 2024.

Okay. Great. And then last one, and I'll jump back in the queue. You mentioned your intention to commercialize in Japan and Taiwan in 2024. Could you just walk through the rationale for targeting those geographies specifically?

Yes. To give you an idea, first of all, Japan, we're talking about a companion animal market of over 22 million dogs and cats, a pretty significant number. I mean we're talking in the U.S. about 84 million. So that's a pretty large number compared to the U.S. In Japan, we're talking about 11,000 hospitals. In the U.S., we're talking about 26,000 hospitals just to kind of give you some reference points. And then we have Taiwan, which has grown 49% in their companion animals over the last four years, and they're up to somewhere over 2 million pets, dogs, and cats in the current market right now with about 1,600 veterinary hospitals. So I think between those two, giving you some numbers and comparing them to the U.S., you can see they are very nice opportunities for us and considerable potential expansion for us in both of those countries.

Thank you for taking our questions. Congrats again.

Thanks, Ross.

Thank you. Have a great day.

The next question comes from Bruce Jackson with the Benchmark Company. Please proceed.

Hi, good morning and thanks for taking my questions.

Thank you.

So just a couple of cash flow questions. First on the payment from Walloon, is that going to hit in the fourth quarter? And then how much of that goes on the cash flow statement and how much goes to the income statement?

That's a good question. It will all go to the cash flow statement. It's cash that we will get in, in the next month. We're also expecting more from a national-level body in Belgium, probably early Q1 next year. But these are in the form of funding similar to what we see before where we've had $19 million of funding from the Walloon region in Belgium. It is a combination of grants and soft loans, and that helped us to finance a lot of the operations, including our Silver One production facility in Belgium. We're very grateful for the support that we've had from Belgium and the Walloon region.

Okay. And then same question for Heska. What's the timing and the amount of the milestone? And then how does that flow through the income statement?

So the milestone will occur when Heska launches the product. As for how that flows through the income statement, it's a milestone payment, so similar to the first one that we received. We received $10 million upfront, if you recall that, which goes onto the balance sheet as deferred income and is then earned out as we make future sales.

But as before, we could use them all immediately on arrival for the company. So they're all very much part of working capital.

It's all cash in the bank. So you'll see that cash on the balance sheet and it’s available to us when it's collected.

Bruce, if you sum up the two expected amounts from regional and Belgium funding, along with the milestone payments from the launches, you're looking at a total exceeding $20 million. Clearly, a significant portion of this funding will help us achieve the milestones set for next year.

Yes. Perhaps I can add to that with that funding, with the milestones, with the money from Belgium with what we've got currently. We do have line of sight on funding from the end of Q3 through the next 12 months.

Okay, super. Last question on the CTCF research. I think you mentioned during the last webcast that there would be some more data coming out during the first quarter. Is that still the case?

Yes, absolutely. The preliminary data has been very encouraging, and we've seen significant interest from partners, which excites us greatly. This project is larger than just us, and we're thrilled about it. We're continuously working not only on obtaining more data, which is crucial across various cancers and will be showcased at specific conferences, but also on improving the current setup. It hasn’t been fully optimized yet, so we're focused on making the process as simple and routine as possible. These enhancements should also boost overall accuracy. Overall, as you know, I tend to be optimistic, but I am pleasantly surprised by how quickly interest has developed since ESMO. Jake will be at an upcoming conference in Madrid, where we will connect with many potential partners. We anticipate sharing a lot of information throughout this year and into next year, with data expected in Q1.

Alright, great. Thank you for taking my question.

Our next question comes from Tim Moore with EF. Please proceed.

Thanks. For new investors joining this call, maybe can you provide some anecdotes on how the Nu.Q testing kits are exciting and useful in conveying that excitement to K9 dog owners? Can you give any kind of interaction anecdotes or color behind that? It's a rapid outcome test, but vets seem to be buying into the adoption of early cancer detection and probably spreading the word. I mean any sense of that awareness for this rapid testing of cancer, you think like one-third of that know about it already?

Thank you for your question. As I mentioned earlier, early cancer detection is a new test and area for my veterinary colleagues. We are actively participating in conferences around the globe, engaging with both general practitioners and oncologists, as well as attending major meetings in the U.S. There is strong interest in cancer screening among veterinarians, who are learning from us and our partners how to effectively use this test, communicate its benefits to clients, and integrate it into their routines when interacting with pet owners. As a result, the interest in this area is significant. We are focused on how to utilize the test, communicate its results, and what steps to take following a normal result. The core message of this screening test is one of reassurance; around 92% of results will be in the normal range, while 6% to 8% may indicate higher concerns. Unfortunately, in the U.S., approximately 6 million dogs are diagnosed with cancer each year, which is a substantial figure. Education initiatives are ongoing with IDEXX, Heska, and my team at Volition, and we plan to continue this throughout 2024 and 2025. The interest in early cancer detection is strong, use is increasing rapidly, and we are very encouraged by the positive reception from our veterinary colleagues.

That's great color. I appreciate it. My next question is about Heska and the milestone payments that are possibly to be received over the next several months. Is it fair to just assume that with any companies that get taken over, like the Mars takeover, that might have slowed down the milestone payment? Is it possible that Heska maybe launch both screening and monitoring at the same time that you can get a double milestone payment?

Yes, I think that's a great question. To answer the first part of the question with reference to the acquisition of Heska by Mars; that really, quite frankly, hasn't slowed down the optimization process that we've been doing on the point of care. As I mentioned in my earlier comments, we’re talking about a tech transfer going from a reference lab test to a point-of-care test, which is something that my veterinary colleagues use in their veterinary hospitals. It is a major accomplishment to do something like that and consequently, it has taken some time to do it, and it's gone a little bit longer than we anticipated. But we're almost there. When you think about the 12-month period of time when this was started to where we are now, it's a tremendous accomplishment where we're getting very close to a launch. So that point is well taken and hopefully understood.

And regarding screening.

Yes. The good part about screening and monitoring. Since I've been in the field of veterinary medicine for a number of years, what you want to do is make sure you're delivering your message to the colleagues without overwhelming them with too much information at the same time. We want to be very clear on our Nu.Q cancer screening test, which is our first test, and make sure they're using it effectively. That is the direction we're going right now. It’s out there, and thousands of tests have been run at this point. We will continue that. We will be entering the market with our monitoring application. We already have a peer-reviewed paper that came out in May of 2022. We are talking about it extensively with our colleagues, but we don’t want to confuse the messaging too much. We anticipate that the monitoring application will probably be introduced more in the first quarter of 2024. Yes, to your point, might we get a double payout for screening and monitoring? Yes, because both of those tests will interact with each other, and it will obviously add more credibility to both screening and monitoring. We are focusing on screening first and continuing our education with doctors, and the monitoring will follow suit.

Great. That's helpful. And my last question is just what do you think might be the timeframe of the feline test launch? Is that more of December next year? And can you remind me when that does occur, does that trigger a $5 million milestone?

Yes. The feline test right now is in its pre-analytics stage. We're going through pre-analytics now, and then we'll be engaging in more clinical studies in early 2024. We'll be producing a paper on it in the first half of 2024. The anticipation is and the hope is that we will have cancer screening tests coming out of it that we can utilize in the second half of 2024. Once that is there, that should trigger a payment from Heska with reference to the feline program and particularly with reference to cancer in the cats.

Great, thanks. That's it for my questions.

You're welcome.

Thank you. Have a great day.

The next question comes from an unidentified analyst with Zacks Investment. Please proceed.

Hi, good morning. Just a quick question on the R&D expenses. They were lower in the third quarter than the first and second quarters of '23. Do you think that was due to the winding down of the U.S. clinical activities or the expense rationalization program? Or was it some other factors?

As we’ve mentioned, we had about $1 million cash expenses in the quarter related to the DxO studies for the sepsis trial in the U.S. We don’t expect to see that in the next quarter because those expenses have now wound down. We have begun to see some savings from the rationalization program. But in our business, expenses are pretty lumpy. It's very difficult to see smooth trends from one period to another. But what I can say is in terms of the underlying cash burn, we do expect that it’s going to come down a little bit from here on.

Great. Yes, thank you. And then just another quick one. At ESMO, I think you started to see some clinical results from the efforts from the National Taiwan University. Do you know when you might expect some results in the U.S. from the IDN study?

The process for the lung study has been quite active on both fronts. So we've wrapped human oncology together with the transcription factors. Regarding the actual data itself, I can get back to you.

In terms of the paper, it is now being written up by the National Taiwan University Group led by Professor Chan. They are working on a clinical paper that will be submitted for peer review and publication. What we're looking to do from a lung cancer point of view is a validation project, which is likely to be in another market that we haven't finalized yet that study will be announced.

There are also a lot of results coming out of France as well. We expect the first clinical use of Nu.Q in human oncology to be in France early next year in lung cancer at Dr. Pan's facilities. It’s made progress. Something we should reiterate quite often is that the transcription factor is incredibly exciting, but the Nu.Q platform itself is still very much a part of what we do. It remains active in the vet space, of course but has a strong place in the human space.

Thank you very much for taking my questions.

Thank you. Have a great day.

Thank you. At this time, I would like to turn the call back to management for closing remarks.

Thank you, everyone. There's a lot to be taking in at the moment. There's a tremendous amount going on in the company. As you've probably taken from everything we've said, we're tremendously excited with all of the pillars now, which are really coming through. But of course, in this environment, that excitement is tempered by the knowledge that we have to be very careful with our capital, which we have been. We have a lot of sight to incoming money, which we've talked about. We're also pushing for as many other ways of funding as possible, in order to keep dilution to a minimum. We look forward to what looks to be a strong beta through next year as well as the other exciting breakthroughs that we have. Thank you very much for your time, and I look forward to speaking to you all soon with updates in all of our pillars.

Thank you. This does conclude today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation, and have a great day.