VRSN · Verisign Inc · Shareholders & Ownership
Every disclosed holder of VRSN in one list: 13F institutions, Schedule 13D and 13G filers, insiders (Forms 3, 4 and 5) and registered funds, each from its own latest filing. Holders nest by CIK and SEC reporting links, never by name, and each is summed once.
Who Owns VRSN
13F quarter Sep 30, 2026, combined view: filers that have not filed yet carry their Jun 30, 2026 positions| Holder group | Shares | % Out |
|---|---|---|
| Institutional (13F) | 87,542,022 | 96.95% |
| Insiders (Forms 3, 4, 5) | 679,413 | 0.75% |
| 13D/G-only blocks | 0 | 0.00% |
| Remaining | 2,078,565 | 2.30% |
| Registered funds (N-PORT, not summed) | 26,553,685 | 29.41% |
Shares outstanding: 90,300,000, the issuer's latest cover-page count restated onto today's split basis.
13D/G-only counts each filer's latest 13D or 13G that no 13F report of the listing contains, that names no 13F filer and that no counted insider files. Funds are never summed: their shares sit inside their advisers' 13F reports.
Holders of VRSN
| # | Holder | Shares | As of | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Berkshire Hathaway Inc
13F
CIK 1067983 · Insurance company · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
8,989,880 | ||
| 1.1 |
|
8,989,880 | ||
| 2 |
BlackRock, Inc.
13F
CIK 2012383 · Holding company · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
8,412,124 | ||
| 2.1 |
iShares Core S&P 500 ETF
Fund
S000004310 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
iShares Trust, not summed
|
1,127,088 | ||
| 2.2 |
iShares MSCI USA Min Vol Factor ETF
Fund
S000031838 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
iShares Trust, not summed
|
600,028 | ||
| 2.3 |
iShares Russell Mid-Cap ETF
Fund
S000004338 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
iShares Trust, not summed
|
335,962 | ||
| 2.4 |
iShares Russell 1000 Value ETF
Fund
S000004345 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
iShares Trust, not summed
|
182,561 | ||
| 2.5 |
iShares S&P 500 Growth ETF
Fund
S000004311 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
iShares Trust, not summed
|
172,900 | ||
| 3 |
VANGUARD CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC
13F
CIK 2100119 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
5,348,923 | ||
| 4 |
VANGUARD PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT LLC
13F
CIK 2100121 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
5,075,673 | ||
| 5 |
AQR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC
13F
CIK 1167557 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
4,949,848 | ||
| 5.1 |
AQR CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LLC
13G
CIK 1167557 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
Rule 13d-1(b), qualified institution, not summed
|
4,949,848 | ||
| 5.2 |
AQR Long-Short Equity Fund
Fund
S000041116 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
AQR Funds, not summed
|
274,863 | ||
| 5.3 |
AQR Equity Market Neutral Fund
Fund
S000046740 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
AQR Funds, not summed
|
101,701 | ||
| 5.4 |
AQR Style Premia Alternative Fund
Fund
S000042050 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
AQR Funds, not summed
|
77,642 | ||
| 5.5 |
AQR Managed Futures Strategy Fund
Fund
S000027214 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
AQR Funds, not summed
|
66,161 | ||
| 6 |
|
4,150,727 | ||
| 6.1 |
State Street(R) Technology Select Sector SPDR(R) ETF
Fund
S000006415 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
SELECT SECTOR SPDR TRUST, not summed
|
565,370 | ||
| 6.2 |
State Street(R) SPDR(R) Portfolio S&P 500(R) ETF
Fund
S000006983 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
SPDR SERIES TRUST, not summed
|
195,651 | ||
| 6.3 |
State Street(R) SPDR(R) Portfolio S&P 500(R) Growth ETF
Fund
S000006984 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
SPDR SERIES TRUST, not summed
|
122,261 | ||
| 6.4 |
State Street Equity 500 Index II Portfolio
Fund
S000046029 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
STATE STREET INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT TRUST, not summed
|
28,753 | ||
| 6.5 |
State Street(R) SPDR(R) US Large Cap Low Volatility Index ETF
Fund
S000039794 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
SPDR SERIES TRUST, not summed
|
24,428 | ||
| 7 |
VANGUARD TOTAL STOCK MARKET INDEX FUND
Fund
S000002848 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
VANGUARD INDEX FUNDS, not summed
|
2,599,832 | ||
| 8 |
GEODE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LLC
13F
CIK 1214717 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
2,473,235 | ||
| 9 |
RENAISSANCE TECHNOLOGIES LLC
13F
CIK 1037389 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
2,449,771 | ||
| 10 |
MORGAN STANLEY
13F
CIK 895421 · Holding company · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
2,269,680 | ||
| 10.1 |
Global Strategist Portfolio
Fund
S000004124 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
MORGAN STANLEY INSTITUTIONAL FUND TRUST, not summed
|
715 | ||
| 10.2 |
E*TRADE No Fee Large Cap Index Fund
Fund
S000090720 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
E Trade Trust, not summed
|
159 | ||
| 10.3 |
E*TRADE No Fee Total Market Index Fund
Fund
S000090722 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
E Trade Trust, not summed
|
149 | ||
| 10.4 |
Global Strategist Portfolio
Fund
S000004181 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
MORGAN STANLEY VARIABLE INSURANCE FUND INC., not summed
|
96 | ||
| 11 |
VANGUARD 500 INDEX FUND
Fund
S000002839 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
VANGUARD INDEX FUNDS, not summed
|
2,121,956 | ||
| 12 |
Ninety One UK Ltd
13F
CIK 1418329 · Registered investment adviser · Sep 30, 2026
|
2,000,022 | ||
| 13 |
VANGUARD MID-CAP INDEX FUND
Fund
S000002844 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
VANGUARD INDEX FUNDS, not summed
|
1,774,663 | ||
| 14 |
Invesco Ltd.
13F
CIK 914208 · Investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
1,436,967 | ||
| 14.1 |
Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight ETF
Fund
S000060812 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, not summed
|
647,554 | ||
| 14.2 |
Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight Technology ETF
Fund
S000060789 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, not summed
|
259,398 | ||
| 14.3 |
Invesco S&P 500 Pure Growth ETF
Fund
S000060791 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust, not summed
|
67,994 | ||
| 14.4 |
Invesco Equally-Weighted S&P 500 Fund
Fund
S000027817 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
AIM Counselor Series Trust (Invesco Counselor Series Trust), not summed
|
55,927 | ||
| 14.5 |
Invesco NASDAQ Next Gen 100 ETF
Fund
S000069449 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
Invesco Exchange-Traded Fund Trust II, not summed
|
47,337 | ||
| 15 |
ARROWSTREET CAPITAL, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
13F
CIK 1164508 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
1,290,203 | ||
| 16 |
GOLDMAN SACHS GROUP INC
13F
CIK 886982 · Holding company · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
1,124,101 | ||
| 16.1 |
Goldman Sachs ActiveBeta(R) U.S. Large Cap Equity ETF
Fund
S000048295 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
Goldman Sachs ETF Trust, not summed
|
230,798 | ||
| 16.2 |
Goldman Sachs Equal Weight U.S. Large Cap Equity ETF
Fund
S000058070 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
Goldman Sachs ETF Trust, not summed
|
12,626 | ||
| 16.3 |
Goldman Sachs Global Managed Beta Fund
Fund
S000048066 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
GOLDMAN SACHS TRUST, not summed
|
9,959 | ||
| 16.4 |
Goldman Sachs ActiveBeta World Equity ETF
Fund
S000075069 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
Goldman Sachs ETF Trust, not summed
|
8,513 | ||
| 16.5 |
Goldman Sachs S&P 500 Premium Income ETF
Fund
S000081511 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
Goldman Sachs ETF Trust, not summed
|
5,982 | ||
| 17 |
NORGES BANK
13F
CIK 1374170 · Non-US institution · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
1,118,343 | ||
| 18 |
VANGUARD GROWTH INDEX FUND
Fund
S000002842 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
VANGUARD INDEX FUNDS, not summed
|
1,103,058 | ||
| 19 |
NORTHERN TRUST CORP
13F
CIK 73124 · Bank · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
1,037,369 | ||
| 19.1 |
Stock Index Fund
Fund
S000001247 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
Northern Funds, not summed
|
25,944 | ||
| 19.2 |
FlexShares US Quality Low Volatility Index Fund
Fund
S000065837 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
FlexShares Trust, not summed
|
4,116 | ||
| 19.3 |
FlexShares Morningstar US Market Factor Tilt Index Fund
Fund
S000033312 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
FlexShares Trust, not summed
|
2,004 | ||
| 20 |
JACOBS LEVY EQUITY MANAGEMENT, INC
13F
CIK 884414 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
921,158 | ||
| 21 |
Robeco Institutional Asset Management B.V.
13F
CIK 1418773 · Unknown · Sep 30, 2026
|
900,866 | ||
| 22 |
VANGUARD INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDEX FUND
Fund
S000004452 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
VANGUARD WORLD FUND, not summed
|
872,289 | ||
| 23 |
FIRST TRUST ADVISORS LP
13F
CIK 1125816 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
826,097 | ||
| 23.1 |
First Trust Dow Jones Internet Index Fund
Fund
S000012479 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund, not summed
|
167,395 | ||
| 23.2 |
First Trust Value Line Dividend Index Fund
Fund
S000013817 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund, not summed
|
126,540 | ||
| 23.3 |
FT Vest SMID Rising Dividend Achievers Target Income ETF
Fund
S000081275 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV, not summed
|
28,346 | ||
| 23.4 |
First Trust Nasdaq BuyWrite Income ETF
Fund
S000040305 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund VI, not summed
|
16,932 | ||
| 23.5 |
FT Vest Technology Dividend Target Income ETF
Fund
S000081278 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
First Trust Exchange-Traded Fund IV, not summed
|
8,208 | ||
| 24 |
HAWK RIDGE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT LP
13F
CIK 1609074 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
798,295 | ||
| 25 |
FMR LLC
13F
CIK 315066 · Holding company · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
750,139 | ||
| 25.1 |
Fidelity 500 Index Fund
Fund
S000006027 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
Fidelity Concord Street Trust, not summed
|
1,056,139 | ||
| 25.2 |
Fidelity Mid Cap Index Fund
Fund
S000033637 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
Fidelity Salem Street Trust, not summed
|
309,077 | ||
| 25.3 |
Select Software and IT Services Portfolio
Fund
S000007483 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
Fidelity Select Portfolios, not summed
|
187,500 | ||
| 25.4 |
Fidelity Total Market Index Fund
Fund
S000006026 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
Fidelity Concord Street Trust, not summed
|
155,741 | ||
| 25.5 |
Fidelity SAI U.S. Low Volatility Index Fund
Fund
S000049309 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
Fidelity Salem Street Trust, not summed
|
138,885 | ||
| 26 |
Legal & General Group Plc
13F
CIK 764068 · Unknown · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
686,280 | ||
| 27 |
CAPTRUST FINANCIAL ADVISORS
13F
CIK 1512024 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
682,683 | ||
| 28 |
Troy Asset Management Ltd
13F
CIK 1601407 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
670,837 | ||
| 29 |
UBS AM, a distinct business unit of UBS ASSET MANAGEMENT AMERICAS LLC
13F
CIK 861177 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
665,087 | ||
| 29.1 |
UBS U.S. Allocation Fund
Fund
S000002487 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
UBS INVESTMENT TRUST, not summed
|
60 | ||
| 29.2 |
UBS GLOBAL ALLOCATION FUND
Fund
S000002979 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
UBS FUNDS, not summed
|
22 | ||
| 30 |
VANGUARD MID-CAP GROWTH INDEX FUND
Fund
S000012756 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
VANGUARD INDEX FUNDS, not summed
|
627,477 | ||
| 31 |
JPMORGAN CHASE & CO
13F
CIK 19617 · Bank · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
612,627 | ||
| 32 |
TD Asset Management Inc
13F
CIK 1056053 · Unknown · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
597,254 | ||
| 33 |
CHARLES SCHWAB INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT INC
13F
CIK 884546 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
584,756 | ||
| 33.1 |
Schwab S&P 500 Index Fund
Fund
S000005911 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
SCHWAB CAPITAL TRUST, not summed
|
183,514 | ||
| 33.2 |
Schwab U.S. Large-Cap ETF
Fund
S000026632 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
SCHWAB STRATEGIC TRUST, not summed
|
88,132 | ||
| 33.3 |
Schwab Fundamental U.S. Small Company ETF
Fund
S000040878 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
SCHWAB STRATEGIC TRUST, not summed
|
69,787 | ||
| 33.4 |
Schwab Total Stock Market Index Fund
Fund
S000005913 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
SCHWAB CAPITAL TRUST, not summed
|
49,872 | ||
| 33.5 |
Schwab U.S. Broad Market ETF
Fund
S000026631 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
SCHWAB STRATEGIC TRUST, not summed
|
49,068 | ||
| 34 |
DEUTSCHE BANK AG\
13F
CIK 948046 · Non-US institution · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
577,844 | ||
| 34.1 |
Xtrackers Russell US Multifactor ETF
Fund
S000048521 · Registered fund · May 29, 2026
DBX ETF Trust, not summed
|
6,360 | ||
| 34.2 |
Deutsche DWS Equity 500 Index Portfolio
Fund
S000009010 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
DEUTSCHE DWS EQUITY 500 INDEX PORTFOLIO, not summed
|
2,551 | ||
| 34.3 |
DWS Equity 500 Index VIP
Fund
S000006221 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
DEUTSCHE DWS INVESTMENTS VIT FUNDS, not summed
|
1,141 | ||
| 34.4 |
Xtrackers MSCI Kokusai Equity ETF
Fund
S000067508 · Registered fund · May 29, 2026
DBX ETF Trust, not summed
|
763 | ||
| 34.5 |
Xtrackers US National Critical Technologies ETF
Fund
S000082572 · Registered fund · May 31, 2026
DBX ETF Trust, not summed
|
547 | ||
| 35 |
Calvert Equity Fund
Fund
S000008719 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
Calvert Social Investment Fund, not summed
|
550,449 | ||
| 36 |
|
536,568 | ||
| 36.1 |
College Retirement Equities Fund - Responsible Balanced Account
Fund
S000005086 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
College Retirement Equities Fund, not summed
|
93,108 | ||
| 36.2 |
Nuveen Equity Index Fund
Fund
S000005360 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
TIAA-CREF Funds, not summed
|
69,927 | ||
| 36.3 |
Nuveen Large Cap Responsible Equity Fund
Fund
S000005371 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
TIAA-CREF Funds, not summed
|
66,323 | ||
| 36.4 |
Nuveen Mid Cap Value Fund
Fund
S000005385 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
TIAA-CREF Funds, not summed
|
56,031 | ||
| 36.5 |
College Retirement Equities Fund - Total Global Stock Account
Fund
S000005080 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
College Retirement Equities Fund, not summed
|
35,981 | ||
| 37 |
ENVESTNET ASSET MANAGEMENT INC
13F
CIK 1407543 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
531,550 | ||
| 38 |
Amundi
13F
CIK 1330387 · Holding company · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
521,466 | ||
| 39 |
JANE STREET GROUP, LLC
13F
CIK 1595888 · Unknown · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
510,061 | ||
| 40 |
Bank of New York Mellon Corp
13F
CIK 1390777 · Bank · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
502,542 | ||
| 40.1 |
BNY Mellon US Large Cap Core Equity ETF
Fund
S000067260 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
BNY Mellon ETF Trust, not summed
|
6,602 | ||
| 41 |
Holocene Advisors, LP
13F
CIK 1700574 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
496,573 | ||
| 42 |
VANGUARD FIDUCIARY TRUST CO
13F
CIK 933478 · Unknown · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
459,570 | ||
| 43 |
Russell Investments Group, Ltd.
13F
CIK 1692234 · Unknown · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
446,226 | ||
| 43.1 |
Tax-Managed U.S. Large Cap Fund
Fund
S000001570 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
RUSSELL INVESTMENT CO, not summed
|
102,381 | ||
| 43.2 |
U.S. Strategic Equity Fund
Fund
S000037466 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
RUSSELL INVESTMENT CO, not summed
|
32,183 | ||
| 43.3 |
U.S. Strategic Equity Fund
Fund
S000006863 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
RUSSELL INVESTMENT FUNDS, not summed
|
6,030 | ||
| 43.4 |
Global Equity Fund
Fund
S000015554 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
RUSSELL INVESTMENT CO, not summed
|
5,665 | ||
| 43.5 |
Multifactor U.S. Equity Fund
Fund
S000045902 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
RUSSELL INVESTMENT CO, not summed
|
884 | ||
| 44 |
VANGUARD INSTITUTIONAL INDEX FUND
Fund
S000002853 · Registered fund · Jun 30, 2026
VANGUARD INSTITUTIONAL INDEX FUNDS, not summed
|
444,406 | ||
| 45 |
VOYA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC
13F
CIK 1068837 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
433,562 | ||
| 46 |
DIMENSIONAL FUND ADVISORS LP
13F
CIK 354204 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
423,660 | ||
| 46.1 |
Dimensional U.S. Core Equity 2 ETF
Fund
S000070903 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
Dimensional ETF Trust, not summed
|
62,628 | ||
| 46.2 |
U.S. CORE EQUITY 1 PORTFOLIO
Fund
S000000979 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
DFA INVESTMENT DIMENSIONS GROUP INC, not summed
|
59,632 | ||
| 46.3 |
U.S. CORE EQUITY 2 PORTFOLIO
Fund
S000000980 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
DFA INVESTMENT DIMENSIONS GROUP INC, not summed
|
42,923 | ||
| 46.4 |
Dimensional U.S. Equity Market ETF
Fund
S000070902 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
Dimensional ETF Trust, not summed
|
25,845 | ||
| 46.5 |
Dimensional US Core Equity Market ETF
Fund
S000069432 · Registered fund · Jul 31, 2026
Dimensional ETF Trust, not summed
|
21,836 | ||
| 47 |
BNP PARIBAS ARBITRAGE, SA
13F
CIK 1166588 · Non-US institution · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
403,056 | ||
| 48 |
Epoch Investment Partners, Inc.
13F
CIK 1305841 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
384,744 | ||
| 49 |
Point72 Asset Management, L.P.
13F
CIK 1603466 · Registered investment adviser · Jun 30, 2026
carried, not yet filed for the newest quarter
|
379,395 | ||
| 50 |
BIDZOS D JAMES
Insider
CIK 1204816 · Oct 13, 2026
Director, Exec. Chairman, Pres, & CEO, issuer-wide
|
375,127 |
161 more nested rows are not shown here; Every filing lists them all.
Shares are restated onto today's split basis. Change compares each row with the same holder's previous filing in the same source; a dash means there is none to compare. Nested 13D/G, insider and fund rows are not summed, since a 13F report already holds them.
Showing 1–50 of 1,150 holders
Create a free account to page through every holder, filter by source and group by ultimate parent.