Good morning, and welcome to the WTW Second Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. Please refer to wtwco.com for the press release and supplemental information that were issued earlier today. Today's call is being recorded and will be available for the next 3 months on WTW's website. Some of the comments in today's call may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed today, and the company undertakes no obligation to update these statements unless required by law. For a more detailed discussion of these and other risk factors, investors should review the forward-looking statements section of the earnings press release issued this morning as well as in the most recent Form 10-K and other subsequent WTW SEC filings. During the call, certain non-GAAP financial measures may be discussed. To provide direct comparability with prior periods, all commentary regarding the company's revenue growth and results will be on a non-GAAP organic basis unless specifically stated otherwise. For reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures as well as other information regarding these measures, please refer to the most recent earnings release and other materials in the Investor Relations section of the company's website. I'll now turn the call over to Carl Hess, WTW's Chief Executive Officer. Please go ahead.

Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us for WTW Second Quarter 2025 Earnings Call. Joining me today is Andrew Krasner, our Chief Financial Officer; Julie Gebauer, our President of Health, Wealth and Career; and Lucy Clarke, our President of Risk & Broking, who are also joining us for our Q&A session. In the second quarter, we delivered 5% organic growth, 150 basis points of adjusted operating margin expansion, and adjusted EPS of $2.86, up roughly 20% year-over-year. Through our focused execution, these results were in line with our expectations for the quarter, and we remain on track to deliver on our full-year financial objectives. Our solid first-half results underscore the progress we have made advancing the strategic objectives we introduced at our Investor Day last December. Our strategy to accelerate performance, enhance efficiency, and optimize our portfolio continues to be a key driver of our results, especially in the face of a dynamic macroeconomic environment. We remain committed to our strategy and its execution, and we are confident in the value it will continue to generate. I want to sincerely thank all WTW colleagues for their commitment in executing these objectives. Last quarter, we highlighted the impact of heightened geopolitical and macroeconomic uncertainty in our business, noting near-term headwinds in some of our consulting businesses, especially for discretionary projects, as well as potential longer-term tailwinds when conditions improve and clients begin responding more assertively to change. There were positive signs of improvement as the quarter went on, as capital markets rebounded and our businesses adapted to changes in demand and buyer sentiment. Clients are increasingly turning to us to help address the many people, risk, and capital issues they're facing amidst rising global trade, inflation, and geopolitical uncertainty. We feel positive about both our outlook and our ability to deliver for the second half of the year. In Health, Wealth & Career, our strong mix of recurring revenue that supports required activities and our geographical diversification continue to provide a stable foundation for growth and margin expansion. In the current environment, there continues to be significant demand for solutions focused on managing health care costs, derisking pension obligations, and core pay benchmarking work. As we see consumer and corporate confidence begin to improve, we're also seeing increased demand for broad-based compensation design, benefits governance reviews, and merger integration support. In Risk & Broking, the pace of innovation and continued challenges in global trade and inflationary and geopolitical issues are elevating both business opportunities and risk. This is demonstrated in CRB's top-line performance. Q2 marks the 10th consecutive quarter where our Corporate Risk & Broking business recorded high single-digit growth when excluding the impact of gain on sale activity and interest income. Our strength in specialty and the relentless focus of our team are clearly resonating with the market and clients. I remain confident in the growth trajectory and resilience of our business amidst economic uncertainty thanks to our proven ability to help our clients thrive in challenging circumstances, time and time again. In addition, our consistent strategy execution is yielding clear benefits. The company has taken a holistic and intentional approach to technology and its role in accelerating growth and enhancing efficiency. There is observable progress in many client-centric and digital efforts such as the global broking platform, AI tools supporting digital interaction, and solutions that streamline data ingestion and further automate workflows, which allow our colleagues to further differentiate WTW in the market and win new work. Our rollout of the global broking platform has demonstrated the power of seamlessly connecting brokers with the markets. The adoption of our broking platform is progressing on schedule, and it has and will continue to streamline service delivery and efficiency. We're also seeing early results in AI through the WTW Enterprise Delivery Organization or WE DO. We are raising AI literacy and fostering adoption throughout the company. We have several AI-augmented tools that are making measurable differences for both clients and colleagues. AI-powered solutions are enhancing real-time analytics and reducing manual effort by streamlining data ingestion, analysis, and workflows. In some instances, we've seen a 75% reduction in routine work in processing time. In other areas, AI-infused voice spots, chatbots, and guided digital experiences are enhancing the client experience and satisfaction. We remain committed to harnessing the potential of our investments by balancing bold innovations with sustainable returns. The benefits we're seeing across the enterprise are measurable, and we intend to maintain pace and uphold rigor in ensuring these investments deliver net positive outcomes for our clients, colleagues, and ultimately, our shareholders. I'm looking forward to sharing more about our progress and the long-term potential benefits to both growth and margins. This quarter, we continue to record strong new business wins, with specialty, technology, and global collaboration consistently being why we win in the market. For example, in Europe, a large global shipping and logistics company chose WTW's global benefits management program for 70,000 employees around the world. Key to delivering this win were our deep expertise and strong reputation in Global Benefits Management alongside innovative tools and technology. In the Wealth space, our innovative LifeSight platform in the U.K. was selected by a prominent medical association as its new master trust pension provider. WTW won the business from one of our main competitors due to the deep technical knowledge and clear articulation of the value we provide, coupled with our reputation for quality client service. And another great example, a major oil and gas company began using our career business's new AI-driven automated job leveling tool to support regular restructuring across their business areas as they go through a significant transformation and change. To quote them, 'We wouldn't have been able to evaluate 300 roles in 3 days without this tool.' It was business-critical to complete this work with speed and confidence while going through their transformation. In Risk & Broking, we continue to benefit from our specialization strategy and our ability to deliver differentiated value through technical expertise, global collaboration, and client-centric solutions. For example, after obtaining our license to act as an insurance broker in Saudi Arabia, we successfully placed property damage and comprehensive general liability insurance for one of the world's largest chemical manufacturers. Our team's deep knowledge of the industry and our ability to tailor technical solutions to this client's needs were key to winning this mandate. We look forward to the growth opportunities in the Middle East, which remains a key market for WTW. Our ability to provide tailored specialized solutions continues to resonate with clients and transform businesses, positioning WTW to capture market share in high-growth industry sectors to fuel our own expansion. For instance, our construction specialty business is seeing strong results from sizable construction placements for data centers, an industry sector forecasted to experience significant global growth. Our specialty model and depth of expertise allow us to add value throughout the data center life cycle—from land identification through funding and construction, powering the facility, and into operational management or divestment. In addition, our construction and natural resource teams are working together to support clients on clean energy technologies during the construction and operational stages. We expect exponential growth with rising global demand in this area. These are two great examples in our CRB business of how our highly agile specialty business model coupled with our expertise allows us to spot opportunities and plan for rapid growth. Additionally, our cutting-edge technology and analytics have proven to help clients transform their businesses. Recently, a large U.K. health insurer decided to engage our insurance consulting and technology business to lead their pricing transformation initiative using Radar Vision. Radar Vision is an AI-driven modeling tool for insurer clients, generating early actionable insights related to inflation, markets, competitors, and customer behaviors to help insurers manage pricing, underwriting, and claims. The implementation of Radar Vision helped our clients sustain a competitive advantage in a rapidly evolving market while also reinforcing WTW's reputation as a trusted partner in pricing transformation and analytics innovation. Lastly, I want to reinforce our commitment and disciplined approach to optimizing our portfolio. I've highlighted some of the success of our organic investments, but our inorganic growth strategy remains consistent with our prior comments, and we're deliberately patient and focused on: first, enhancing our broking and wealth presence in key markets while strengthening our offerings in high-growth, high-margin areas of our core business. Second, expanding our reach across the insurance value chain to further accelerate our growth while filling gaps in our capabilities and footprint. Third, finding businesses that are good strategic fits that help us enhance our margin and free cash flow profile. We're pleased to have announced an investment in the United Arab Emirates, along with plans for Al-Futtaim Willis to become a wholly-owned WTW business. This acquisition further enhances our value proposition and client experience delivered to global and local clients and directly complements our recent investments in Saudi Arabia by strengthening our presence in the Middle East. We're looking forward to continuing to work with our partners, Al-Futtaim and the UAE to build on our years of success together. Looking ahead, we will look for ways to continue to balance our capital management strategy. We'll be intentional in delivering long-term operating and free cash flow margin expansion, which will ultimately create long-term value for our shareholders. In summary, results this quarter were solid as we delivered organic revenue growth that contributed to meaningful margin expansion across both segments. We look forward to building on these results in the second half of the year, and we remain confident in our ability to deliver on our 2025 guidance, including mid-single-digit organic growth, adjusted operating margin expansion, adjusted EPS growth, and ongoing improvement in free cash flow margin. And with that, I'll turn the call over to Andrew.

Thanks, Carl. Good morning, and thanks, everyone, for joining us today. In the second quarter, we delivered solid organic revenue growth of 5% and expanded adjusted operating margin by 150 basis points year-over-year to 18.5%, or 100 basis points of year-over-year improvement when excluding the tailwind from the divestiture of TRANZACT. Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $2.86, which is an increase of approximately 20% over the prior year. As a reminder, we completed the divestiture of TRANZACT on December 31, 2024, and for the full year 2025, this will create a $1.14 headwind to adjusted diluted earnings per share. As Carl discussed, our solid second-quarter results reflect the strong foundation we've built and the benefits of the investments in talent and technology we've made recently. Our strategy continues to resonate with clients and colleagues, and our businesses are highly resilient despite the uncertain operating environment. We are relentlessly focused on our strategic objectives, long-term shareholder value creation, and the financial framework outlined at Investor Day. Turning to our segment results, Health, Wealth & Career revenue grew 4% compared to the second quarter of last year. We saw a sequential improvement in growth and a strengthening pipeline during the quarter, although clients remain cautious about the macro environment. 4% growth for the second quarter is in line with our expectations, and we remain on track to deliver mid-single-digit growth and margin expansion for HWC in 2025. As a reminder, the vast majority of HWC's business is recurring with only a small portion being more economically sensitive and discretionary. Our Health business achieved strong growth of 8% this quarter or 9% growth, excluding the impact of interest income and gain on sale activity. All regions saw robust growth driven by double-digit increases outside of North America and solid performance in North America. Strong new business and focus on client retention remain key drivers of growth, coupled with the ongoing appeal of our Global Benefits Management solution. In North America, focused sales efforts and mid-market growth led to an increase in commissions, while consulting projects increased with greater demand for cost management and legislative change projects. Looking ahead, we anticipate demand to remain strong for the Health business, driven by health care inflation and employers' ongoing need to manage costs while providing a competitive employee value proposition. We also successfully introduced our enhanced mid-market solution in North America and launched new panels and facilities. Overall, we've established a healthy pipeline for the second half of the year. Excluding the impact of interest income and gain on sale activity, Health grew 8% in the first half, and we continue to expect high single-digit growth for the full year 2025. Wealth had revenue growth of 3% in the second quarter, primarily driven by the retirement business, which delivered growth across all geographies and solutions. Our core defined benefits consulting offerings remained resilient, and we saw growth in project work to support legislative changes, pension risk transfers, and workforce actions. In addition, we continue to expand our client base for our LifeSight master trust and insured solutions. Our Investments business saw low single-digit growth with new products and client wins offset by capital market volatility, the latter of which improved as the quarter progressed. This was a headwind we pointed out last quarter and expected it to impact investment results in the second quarter. We continue to expect low single-digit growth in the Wealth business for the year. Career growth was 1% in the second quarter, with solid growth outside of North America driven by healthy demand for paid transparency support, compensation design, and employee communication projects and a net positive increase in compensation committee employment. As we communicated in the first quarter, advisory growth in North America was expected to be tempered by delays in certain discretionary projects. While lingering macroeconomic uncertainty may continue to impact some of our clients' decision-making, we expect revenue growth to increase in the second half due to the seasonality of compensation benchmarking surveys and increased support required to prepare for the EU pay transparency directive that goes into effect in mid-2026. Discretionary advisory project work only comprises about 1/3 of our career business or less than 5% of the HWC segment. As we previously communicated, we expect Career to grow low to mid-single digits in 2025. We continue to expect mid-single-digit growth in the long term based on our past and continued focus on product and technology offerings and recurring services. Benefits Delivery & Outsourcing, or BD&O, was flat versus last year's second quarter, and we delivered 7% growth excluding TRANZACT. BD&O revenue benefited from growth in outsourcing due to increased project and core administration work in Europe, which was offset by lower commission revenue in the individual marketplace business. It is important to remember that even following the sale of TRANZACT, BD&O maintains a B2B2C Medicare business and still generates nearly half of its revenue in the fourth quarter. The seasonality of this business is driven by the timing of the Medicare enrollment period and new business generation, which is even more acute within the individual marketplace where the fourth quarter is about 80% of its annual revenues. Accordingly, we forecast BD&O growth to be stronger in the second half of the year, especially with the expected timing of commissions, new client implementations, and new projects to support regulatory changes. We continue to expect BD&O to grow at mid-single digits for the year. HWC's operating margin in the second quarter was 23.8%, an increase of 190 basis points compared to the prior year or an increase of 20 basis points, excluding the impact of the TRANZACT divestiture. This demonstrates our ability to consistently deliver incremental margin expansion in cyclical macro conditions and adds to our strong track record of margin expansion in HWC. Let me move on to Risk & Broking, which delivered another strong quarter with revenue growth of 6%, underscoring the continued momentum in the business. Our specialization strategy and our investments in talent, data, and technology continue to pay dividends. Corporate Risk & Broking delivered another strong quarter, growing 6% or 7% when excluding both book of business activity and fiduciary interest income. Notably, this is on top of 11% achieved in the prior year. As Carl mentioned, this is the 10th consecutive quarter in a row of high single-digit growth when excluding book of business activity and fiduciary interest income. CRB's growth was broad-based across all regions, driven by sustained client retention in the mid-90s and strong business generation around the world. Importantly, we expanded our market presence with meaningful client wins in the Middle East, some of which Carl already highlighted. Our global specialization strategy remains a key growth driver for CRB. Our investments are yielding value, as demonstrated by its growth continuing to outpace the rest of the segment. Globally, our construction, facultative, surety, and natural resource specialty lines continue to deliver strong performance and were meaningful contributors to CRB's 6% growth this quarter and 7% growth in the first half of this year. Our recent investment in credit risk solutions, both organically and inorganically, is also helping to accelerate performance. From a geographic perspective, our Global Specialty business had double-digit growth in all of our geographies, underpinned by strong client retention and new business generation. We are excited by the results we are seeing from our specialization investments, and we expect mid- to high single-digit growth to continue in CRB for 2025. In our Insurance Consulting & Technology business, revenue was flat versus the same quarter last year. Our pipeline is strong for the second half of the year, especially on the technology sales side, but we observed a weaker consulting environment during the quarter as well as a more conservative buying behavior for large multiyear technology implementations. Consulting offers services such as reserve calculations, financial and capital modeling, and discretionary projects like transaction services for insurers, whereas technology offers software products that support advanced analytics for claims, underwriting, ratemaking, and reserving for insurance clients with large multiyear contracts that tend to have longer sales cycles. We have been making a focused effort to bring the combined proposition of consulting and technology closer together to create more value for clients and to drive growth. For the full year, we are now expecting low single to mid-single-digit growth in ICT. Turning back to R&B segment results overall, we are pleased with R&B's momentum year-to-date, which gives us confidence in our ability to deliver mid- to high single-digit growth for the full year. R&B's operating margin was 21.2% for the second quarter, a 60 basis point improvement over the prior year, or 100 basis points improvement when excluding the impact of foreign exchange. This was primarily driven by operating leverage from strong organic revenue growth performance, coupled with continued expense discipline as well as benefits from prior year transformation savings. Foreign exchange was a headwind of 40 basis points to R&B's operating margin in the second quarter due to the weakening U.S. dollar, but we expect the full year foreign exchange impact to be more modest. We achieved 90 basis points of adjusted operating margin improvement in R&B so far this year, and we are committed to delivering 100 basis points of average annual adjusted operating margin expansion over the next 3 years. The strategic investments we made in our global broking platform, our global placement strategy, as well as our digital automation and workflow optimization are strong foundations for additional operating leverage and efficiencies, and we will see these investments continue to deliver benefits for years to come. Finally, I will give some additional color on our enterprise-level results. Adjusted operating margin for the second quarter was 18.5%, a 150 basis point improvement over the prior year, primarily driven by the strong margin expansion in the segment and prudent business expense management. The adjusted operating margin includes a 50 basis point tailwind from the TRANZACT divestiture for the quarter. As we enter the second half of 2025, all of our businesses are operating with discipline and rigor, which gives us confidence in our ability to continue to expand margins. Foreign currency was neutral on adjusted EPS for the quarter and a negative $0.09 impact for the first half of 2025. The U.S. dollar has been weakening during the quarter, so I want to give you some additional color on foreign exchange. At the current spot rates, we expect an approximately $0.05 tailwind to adjusted EPS for the full year, though the impact may fluctuate quarter-to-quarter. Our U.S. GAAP tax rate for the quarter was negative 6.8% versus 15.6% in the prior year. Our adjusted tax rate for the quarter was 18% compared to 22.4% for the second quarter of 2024. We expect our full year 2025 tax rate to be relatively consistent with the prior year rate. We generated free cash flow of $217 million for the first 6 months ending June 30, 2025, a decrease of $88 million from the prior year. This was driven by increased incentive costs, the redesign of one of our ongoing retirement programs, higher cash tax payments, and the absence of TRANZACT cash inflows, which were partially offset by reduced transformation program cash costs and operational improvements. Looking at the back half of the year, remaining transformation costs will reduce further and the divestiture of TRANZACT will become a tailwind to free cash flow as we lap the quarters in which that business recorded net cash outflows. Additionally, we received the Willis Re earn-out payment in April, and we do not anticipate any material cash tax payment on it in 2025 or beyond. We remain on track to deliver on our free cash flow objective of annual margin expansion, and our outlook remains largely unchanged. During the quarter, we returned $591 million to our shareholders via share repurchases of $500 million and dividends of $91 million. We view share repurchases as one of the primary methods of capital return and an attractive use of capital to efficiently deliver value to shareholders. Therefore, it is a central component of our capital allocation strategy. We continue to expect share repurchases to total approximately $1.5 billion in 2025, subject to market conditions and potential capital allocation to inorganic investment opportunities. As we've mentioned, we are taking a more balanced, disciplined approach to capital allocation to generate long-term shareholder value. We'll continue to be selective as we invest in talent and in our platform to ensure we're driving sustainable growth and margin expansion. In closing, we are pleased by our business performance in the first half of 2025. We are increasingly seeing the execution of our strategy manifest in our results, giving us confidence in delivering on our 2025 financial objectives and beyond. With that, let's open it up for Q&A.

So I wanted to ask about HWC organic. I think you mentioned there's more positive signs of improvement as the quarter went on and there was guidance for acceleration in a couple of the businesses there. So net-net, are you thinking about HWC growth accelerating a bit from here? And can you talk about the drivers?

Thanks, Rob, for the question. So HWC grew 4% compared to the second quarter last year, and that was in line with our expectations. We're seeing demand remains strong for our global benefits management for pensions, for outsourcing, where we won many notable new appointments that I mentioned earlier, right? We feel confident in our pipeline, and we continue to expect that HWC is going to have mid-single-digit organic revenue growth and margin expansion for the full year.

And it's Andrew. I can briefly touch on HWC's growth and then would want Julie to comment on what she's seeing. As it relates to Health, this continues to be a key strategic focus area for us. We're capturing market share and seeing strong growth play out, as Julie has highlighted in the past. Health saw an organic growth of 8% in Q2 where that would have been 9%, excluding interest income and gain on sale activity. Notably, we delivered 8% in the first half of the year with strong growth across all of our regions. So we're on pace for high single digits this year. We're also seeing strong demand for wealth, which generated 3% organic growth from strong growth in the retirement business, specifically for our LifeSight solutions and our pension advisory and brokerage services. So we continue to see strong growth trajectory for our investment business as well. Putting those things together, we think of these as long-term accelerators of growth, and we continue to expect low single digits there for 2025. We continue to be confident about our pipeline in HWC and would expect the segment to maintain mid-single-digit revenue growth and margin expansion in 2025 and over the longer term. Maybe, Julie, do you want to comment about what you're seeing in HWC?

Sure, Andrew. I'd actually like to start with an overview across HWC, and that is that clients are carrying on with their recurring and required work, and that is most of what we do. Clients are also starting up new project work. It's typically related to managing cost and risk, and it includes support for corporate transactions plus some work on specific employee attraction and retention issues that clients are facing. Now there are puts and takes across our businesses, so I'd like to go into more detail for each business area. Starting with Health. It is worth noting that this is the fifth quarter in a row where our growth has been either at the upper bound of mid-single digits or at high single digits or actually even more. And we expect that to continue at least for the rest of 2025. That's because health care inflation hasn't abated. In the U.S., our latest estimates are for increases of 10% or more, and that's due to several factors, like prescription drug costs are increasing significantly, and there are more high-cost claims. On that latter point, we had one client recently tell me that a patient had a $3.5 million claim for gene therapy. Clients are facing similar challenges around the world. Of course, they're responding. They're doing things like taking their health plans out for competitive bids. They're evaluating specialty solutions and also considering more significant design changes. These are all things that we can help with. So we've got a strong pipeline, and we're confident in delivering high single-digit growth for the year. In Wealth, beyond the core work that Andrew mentioned, clients are focusing on using pension surplus. They're focused on derisking and adapting to new legislation. Andrew also mentioned LifeSight. We're live in 12 countries with this solution now, and we're implementing more clients. All of this supports our outlook for low single-digit growth for the year. For Career, we generated growth again this quarter, even with the challenging macro environment. That's because most of our work is from recurring projects like Compensation Committee appointments or products like our Embark portal. And on the advisory side, despite some project delays, there are some strong areas like Carl mentioned, pay transparency and incentive design. Our sales pipeline in these areas for the rest of the year is healthy and growing. I also just wanted to highlight that our compensation survey participation, which is a lead indicator of sales later in the year, is up again over last year. So our outlook for the year is for growth in the range of low single-digit to mid-single-digit revenue growth for the year. Finally, in BD&O, I want to highlight that 1/3 of our revenues come from our individual marketplace, that's our Medicare exchange. The other 2/3 is outsourcing. I want to focus on the individual marketplace business because we generate 80% of our revenue in this business in the fourth quarter, and we expect growth there because we've added clients. We also expect to see increases in commissions because we believe more retirees will review and switch their coverage. As a result, we expect mid-single-digit growth this year across BD&O. Rob, those are the puts and takes. We think the areas of strength like Health are expected to more than offset any short-term headwinds or discretionary advisory work in 2025. So HWC expectation is mid-single-digit revenue growth for '25 and over the long term.

Moving on to Risk & Broking, I think we are experiencing high single-digit core organic growth in that area. Are we essentially seeing steady contributions from the talent investments at this stage? Is growth primarily driven by the core specialization strategy, or is there still some additional growth stemming from the timing of talent investments?

So I mean, again, we're pretty pleased with the 6% growth we delivered in R&B. That was on top of a 10% growth for the comparable quarter of the prior year. CRB delivered 6%, right, 7% excluding book of business sales and investment income, and that was on top of 11% comparable in the prior year. We attribute this to our specialization strategy, as we talked about our investments in talent, technology, and innovation, new business wins, and strong client retention continue to help move things forward. I mean, Lucy, any commentary on the growth and the talent perspective?

Yes, sure. Thanks, Carl. Rob, thanks for the question. Yes, we are encouraged by the 6% organic growth in the quarter, 7% in CRB ex book of business sales and investment income. Combined with the strong results from the first quarter, we think we're in a good position to meet our full-year goals. So the growth has been driven by new business, client retention, the impact of the investments we've made in people, which you noted, and technology, both paying off, as well as the specialty strategy. We don't see any end to the progress that we're going to make on the specialty strategy. We remain well equipped to support our clients as they manage the ongoing volatility from trade and geopolitical challenges. We're also continuing to expand our market presence with strong wins across the globe, including the Middle East, as Carl highlighted during his prepared remarks. As a result, we're confident of achieving mid- to high single-digit organic growth in R&B.

Andrew, you made some comments about free cash flow. I'm wondering if you can unpack second quarter performance and how we should think about the magnitude of free cash flow margin improvement over the balance of the year? Any puts and takes you could quantify would be helpful.

Yes, absolutely. So for the first half of the year, we generated free cash flow of $217 million. While that's $88 million below the prior year, it primarily reflects the headwinds we called out in our prepared remarks. Specifically, that was the increased compensation and cash tax payments, the timing impact from the redesign of the key retirement program, and the absence of $63 million of TRANZACT-related cash inflows that benefited the first half of last year. Those more than offset the gains from the transformation initiatives and underlying margin expansion. Looking ahead, we see a more favorable setup in the second half. The key headwinds from the first half, namely the incentive comp and the retirement program redesign, are now behind us, and we expect a meaningful tailwind in the second half of '25 from the absence of both transformation program cash outflows and the TRANZACT business, which adversely impacted free cash flow results in the prior year. So here's how we think about sort of the full-year view of free cash flow. So first, we had free cash flow of $217 million through the first 6 months. Two, 2024 second half normalized free cash flow, so excluding the headwinds from transformation in TRANZACT was about $1.2 billion. We expect improvement on that $1.2 billion driven by organic growth, higher margins and working capital management. Lastly, we do not anticipate any additional cash tax payments on the Willis Re earn-out in 2025 or beyond. So putting all of that together, we remain confident in our ability to deliver free cash flow margin expansion in 2025, and we see additional opportunity to build on that momentum in the years beyond.

That's helpful. I know you just touched on the impact of investments in talent, but I just wanted to follow up. It seems like we've been seeing headlines in the insurance media about heightened competition for insurance brokerage talent. I'm wondering if you guys would agree with that being a theme in today's marketplace and how you're feeling about it and any actions you’re taking?

Thanks for the question. I'm not sure we see that as particularly a new thing. It's something we've been aware of and frankly capitalizing on for the past several years. Others may have woken up to talent being the key driver for this business. We believed in it for a long time. So we're staying focused on executing our strategy and making sure we have the right talent in place to support that. Currently, our approach is more opportunistic and strategic aimed at enhancing our ability to achieve sustainable and profitable growth and create value. Lucy, do you want to talk about what we're expecting to see from recent hires?

Yes. Sure. Thank you. Thanks, Charlie. As Carl mentioned, we have been complementing our existing talent by making strategic hires in the areas where we think they'll be most impactful within specialty or within geography in CRB since 2021. It was a deliberate systematic hiring strategy, identified and executed by our existing talent and a key part actually of grow, simplify and transform, the strategy set out by Carl and Andrew, my predecessor, Adam Garrard, for Risk & Broking. It is a strategy that has proven successful for us. We will continue to execute on that strategy. I would also just mention our specialty approach, it's not only a meaningful contributor to organic growth, but it is a key reason we're attracting the right talent in the market. We expect strong growth to continue in our specialty businesses, which is outpacing the average of the rest of the business because the strategy works for clients and it resonates with our people. So yes, identifying and attracting talent to complement our existing talent base will continue to be a really important part of our future strategy.

My first question on, within the guidance, I saw you guys lowered the cost for the Bain and Willis joint venture. I think it's now expected to be $0.20 for the year, right? And I think prior was $0.25 to $0.35. So I guess my question there is, are you guys behind original hiring plans? Or is there some other factor related to the change in guidance there? And will you guys be ready to transact with that entity by January 1, 2026?

Yes, sure. It's Andrew, I'll take the first part. So the launch is progressing in line with our expectations. The revised estimate is simply due to having better insight into the expense picture for the remainder of the year. So we're very satisfied with the progress made so far and continue to be excited about our reentry into the reinsurance space.

Yes. And remember, Elyse, this is a new launch. We're still in the start-up phase. We're focusing right now on building out the infrastructure, hiring new talent, and we'll update you on our plans for entering markets when there's more to share. That being said, right, we're really pleased with the progress we've made so far and remain really excited about our return to reinsurance.

And then my second question is just on margins. It sounds like the 100 basis points of margin expansion is the expectation for the full year within R&B. Can you just walk us through the drivers that you see to achieve that improvement? And then I'm assuming that you guys also at the enterprise level reaffirmed the overall margin improvement. So is there anything related to operating leverage or margin expansion that you would point out now that we're beyond the transformation savings?

Yes, sure, it's Andrew. Why don't I start with the R&D piece of that? So during the quarter, we improved margins in our R&D segment by 100 basis points before FX, which had a negative 40 basis point impact. So that's on top of Q1 with margin improvement of over 100 basis points. Despite headwinds from excess FX and investment income, R&B had first half margin expansion of 90 basis points. While we're not guiding a specific number for the full year, our commitment to deliver the 100 basis points of annual margin expansion over the next 3 years has not changed. Our first half performance indicates we're on track to achieve that goal. That's driven by operating leverage as well as other operational efficiencies, including the deployment of our global broking platform and workflow optimization, which we touched on during the prepared remarks. Maybe, Lucy, you want to add some more color there?

Yes. Sure, Andrew. Thank you, Elyse. Just in terms of the drivers for R&B, one is, of course, the continued impact of the enterprise delivery organization. This has played a key role in centralizing activities across the enterprise. For one thing, it helps ensure that our teams are focused on doing the right work in the right places. As Carl mentioned in his prepared remarks, it's also been a real foundational place to work on our stronger AI capabilities. In CRB, we're using AI to ingest and interpret unstructured data, accelerate workflows, and reduce manual effort. Our specific technology investments in R&B, global broking platform, our global placement strategies, and other digital automation and workflow optimization initiatives are driving productivity across the business, improving client service and operational efficiency. As you know, we have targeted mid- to high single-digit organic revenue growth and we are confident of being able to deliver operating leverage on that growth. We have room to grow in every specialty line we're in and in every geography. As we discussed at Investor Day, we're also taking deliberate steps to improve our business mix. We're trying to expand into higher growth, high-margin markets, both organically and inorganically. Those initiatives will help us to deliver sustainable margin improvement and contribute to operating leverage. So efficiency gains and operating leverage will be the key drivers of the 100 basis points of average annual margin expansion in each of the next 3 years, and we remain confident in our ability to execute on that.

Yes. So speaking a little bit about the enterprise, Elyse, our expectations have not changed. We still expect to deliver margin expansion for the year. I'll let Andrew sort of dive into some margin expectations in more detail.

Yes. Thanks, Carl. I'll just start off by saying the 150 basis points of adjusted operating margin expansion we delivered this quarter was in line with our expectations. That growth was really driven by strong organic growth and enhanced efficiencies, which drove greater operating leverage. We also had a 50 basis point tailwind from the divestiture of TRANZACT, which was mostly offset by headwinds in investment income and currency. Like Carl said, our margin expansion outlook remains unchanged. As we communicated at our Investor Day, the financial framework, we are committed to driving continued annual margin expansion through efficiency and operating leverage. I already talked about the 100 basis points of average annual margin expansion in R&B. That, coupled with building on HWC's strong track record of margin expansion, as you have seen this quarter is what will get us there. For the full year, the key drivers of that margin expansion will be a combination of the operating leverage and enhancing efficiency. You've heard about our WE DO strategy, which is set up to continue to drive efficiencies and further streamline processes, which gives us a really strong foundation alongside our business mix and portfolio optimization efforts to drive sustainable annual margin expansion for WTW going forward.

You had mentioned in the Health that outside of North America, your growth was quite strong, up in the double digits. Was that attributable to any kind of macro volatility, tariffs, that sort of thing? Or is that more just underlying momentum?

For outside of North America, our health growth was driven by momentum, as you suggested, and the very significant health care cost inflation that organizations are experiencing outside of the U.S.

Very good. I think in HWC, you mentioned the trajectory through the quarter was good. You saw a strengthening pipeline. Any similar observations about Risk & Broking, just how that progressed through the 3 months?

Yes. We're expecting to continue to deliver mid- to high single-digit organic growth throughout the balance of the year and in the medium to long term.

I wanted to dial in on ICT growth expectations over the balance of the year. I understand it's just one of many moving pieces and that there can be a lot of lumpy transactions that influence growth in the line. But in terms of thinking about the rest of this year, what are you guys thinking might drive higher organic growth? And what assumptions are you making about client spend management as you look into the next 6 months?

Yes. First, let me take a bit of a step back, right, just give everyone a quick refresher on some key points about ICT. It represents about 11% of the segment and is focused on delivering top-tier technology solutions and trusted consulting services to insurance carriers. That's the client base. On the consulting side, we deliver both recurring services like reserve calculations as well as discretionary project work for things like securities issuance or M&A amongst insurance companies. On the technology side, we do software products that support underwriting, ratemaking, and reserving for clients, and those are typically larger and multiyear contracts. While we are seeing and continue to see significant value in the combined approach of consulting and technology offerings due to the softer consulting environment, we're expecting low to mid-single-digit growth for the full year. I don't know, Lucy, do you want to elaborate?

Yes. Thank you, Katie, for the question. We feel good about the ICT business. We're particularly confident about the strong technology pipeline we have for the second half of the year. As we've seen in the past, the timing of some large-scale finance or technology transformations often creates variability in the timing of results. Some clients are taking a more measured approach to investment in the second quarter due to economic conditions, but our underlying pipeline and opportunities remain strong. Our long-term outlook for ICT remains mid- to high single-digit organic growth.

Got it. Okay. And then on the change in guidance on the reinsurance JV, is it fair to frame the discussion there in thinking that additional upside to that guide would come from further improvement to the insight on expenses? Or could we potentially see some further upside to that guide over the next 6 months as you get a better sight line on potential growth expectations?

Yes. I mean, based on what we know today and the start-up phase of the business, we don't expect additional changes at this time in terms of the costs associated with getting that built and launched.

Yes. So some other brokers in the quarter have talked about the impact of the rate environment, particularly large ticket property business on growth this quarter. I'm curious, was there any impact on CRB? And maybe just remind us what the potential impact of just the pricing environment could have on your revenues?

Yes. Sure, Brian. It's Lucy, thanks for the question. So that's right. We've seen rates in certain classes continuing to trend downward. We've seen that in the market since the beginning of last year. Like the others have said, most lines are softening. The most affected part of the market is the large and complex property segment. The part of the market where rates are still hardening is the North American casualty, excess, umbrella, and auto segments. The important thing to remember about where the rating is, is that after many years of market hardening across all lines, this was expected. We planned for it. The industry will have planned for it. Obviously, we didn't know exactly where it was going to go, but we knew directionally. Where carriers still consider that they're getting rate adequacy, the conditions will continue to improve for clients. So rate has been a moderate headwind for us. But the two elements that affect how it impacts us are how clients decide to behave and the makeup of our overall book. Just in terms of clients, sometimes they take the savings, or they use the opportunity of a really good market to buy more. In terms of the makeup of our book, we're about half property, half casualty. We skew towards the middle market, so we're not as impacted by large and complex property, and we have a good balance between commission and fees. We’ve made significant investments in the business over the last 3 years, and those investments are continuing to pay off. We can’t predict the extent to which rates may continue to decline, but we do not rely on pricing to drive our organic growth, and we remain well positioned and confident about our mid- to high single-digit organic growth guidance for Risk & Broking.

Yes, let me talk a little bit about our thinking on M&A. And let me start with some illustrations of what we have been up to, right? Earlier this year, we completed the purchase of Global Commercial Credit. That's a specialist broker focused on trade credit and political risk. We’ve talked about the buyout of Al-Futtaim Willis that's currently pending. We are actively looking for opportunities, and we're being thoughtful and disciplined in our approach. We're particularly interested in bolt-on acquisitions that fit nicely into our specialty strategy. In the wealth space, the market is fast and expanding, so we are particularly interested in wealth management and defined contribution capabilities in growing markets. Beyond bolt-ons, we will also consider larger opportunities to enhance our presence in select geographies or market segments. Ultimately, WTW is leading data and technology platforms and a unique culture. These assets should make a lot of sense for any business that may be looking to join us. To be a bit more specific, we're aiming to increase our business mix in broking and wealth through M&A. We see this as a key opportunity in expanding into high-growth, high-margin areas of our core business. Secondly, we see an opportunity to play across the insurance value chain, like our reentry into pre-reinsurance with Bain to accelerate growth. Third, a combination with WTW should have a compelling financial story, enhancing our margins and free cash flow profile. I want to remind you that we're looking for those that could be a good cultural fit, minimize business disruption, and satisfy the criteria that I just talked about. The last few years, we've solidified our infrastructure, we've strengthened the company, and we now have the right business focus and more efficient processes and the tools to integrate potential targets with WTW and deliver long-term value.

Two long-term questions. Carl, you mentioned AI in your prepared script. I'm wondering if you can elaborate a little bit more in terms of your efforts there in terms of increasing efficiencies, automating, and how you're thinking about that from a long-term perspective? And then, Julie, Health within HWC has been a key driver. Obviously, things are looking very good for this year. I'm wondering if you can talk a little bit about longer term in terms of the next 3 to 5 years and particularly how much work you expect in terms of plan redesign given the health care inflation that's occurring.

Sure. And I'll treat that as two questions. Let me address the AI one first, and then I'll let Julie respond to that. I talked about this in my prepared remarks. We've been implementing various forms of AI for years, such as advanced analytics and machine learning models that help drive efficiency and deliver our client solutions. We use these types of AI for risk modeling for clients and in other risk management solutions. An example would be Coverage Clarified in our construction business. That uses AI to verify that insurance coverage is adequate and contractually compliant, which is otherwise a time-consuming and labor-intensive manual process. We've built Coverage Clarified in-house, and we estimate it's making our process up to 40% more efficient. That’s just one example. We continue to explore opportunities to use AI to improve the overall client experience, streamline our internal processes, and enhance both client and internal decision-making. As always, we're doing it thoughtfully and responsibly by putting our clients first and in full alignment with our values and applicable legal and regulatory requirements. My general counsel is likely keeping a close eye on our commitments to ensure the quality of our advice and solutions consistent with what our clients expect from WTW. We intend to balance innovation with sustainable returns and see long-term potential benefits to both growth and margins from our AI investments. Julie?

Sure. Thanks for the question on Health, Mark. As you know, health care coverage is a significant component of the employee value proposition in virtually all countries around the world. The cost of that coverage is meaningful relative to other components, particularly in some large economies like the U.S. The drivers of cost increase are there currently; I mentioned prescription drugs and overall utilization, as well as new treatments driving high-cost claims. We don’t see those changing in the short term, but also not in the medium term. Organizations will need to continue keeping an eye on this component of their total compensation and benefits costs, and we expect to see high single-digit growth in this business over the long term.

So thank you all for joining us this morning. I want to thank all our WTW colleagues again for their hard work and dedication. Thank you to our shareholders for their continued support of our efforts. Have a great day, everyone.

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.