Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Casella Waste Systems, Inc. Q4 2020 Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the speaker presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Joe Fusco, Vice President, Communications. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you for joining us this morning, and welcome. With us today are John Casella, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Casella Waste Systems; Ed Johnson, our President and Chief Operating Officer; Ned Coletta, our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; and Jason Mead, our Director of Finance. Today, we will be discussing our 2020 fourth quarter and year-end results. These results were released yesterday afternoon. Along with a brief review of those results and an update on the company's activities and business environment, we will be answering your questions as well. But first, as you know, I am deeply compelled to remind everyone that various remarks that we may make about the company's future expectations, plans and prospects constitute forward-looking statements for the purposes of the Safe Harbor provisions under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by those forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including those discussed in the Risk Factors section of our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, which is on file with the SEC. In addition, any forward-looking statements represent our views only as of today and should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date. While we may elect to update forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so even if our views change. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any date subsequent to today. Also during this call, we will be referring to non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP measures are not prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, to the extent they are available without unreasonable effort, are available in the appendix to our investor slide presentation, which is available in the Investors section of our website. The older I get, the harder it is to breathe through that statement. But with that, I will turn it over to John Casella, who will begin today's discussion.

Thanks, Joe. Good morning, everyone. Welcome to our fourth quarter 2020 conference call. We are obviously very pleased with our fourth quarter and 2020 results. This year was unprecedented, and our strong performance and execution highlight the resiliency of our business, along with the courage, dedication, and tenacity of our 2,500 employees. Many thanks, again, to the men and women on our frontlines who performed at an exceptionally high level in providing safe and reliable service to our customers. Our success in 2020 is also credited to other teams across the company, including, but certainly not limited to, our safety, operating, maintenance, sales, customer care, and back office personnel. As a company, we were organized and proactive from the onset of the pandemic. We ensured the continued safety of our workforce by adhering to CDC guidelines and state orders. At the same time, we worked with our customers to understand their changing service needs so that we could rightsize our service levels and flex variable operating costs. These actions not only helped drive strong results for the year but also safeguarded our ability to deliver our central environmental services to our customers. Lower economic activity levels during the year resulted in a decline of solid waste volumes of $40.6 million compared to 2019. This was primarily driven by lower disposal tonnages and lower volumes in the commercial and industrial collection lines of business. Despite this volume headwind and other COVID-related expenses in 2020, on a year-over-year basis, we grew consolidated revenues by 4.2%, improved adjusted EBITDA by 9.5%, while expanding margins by over 100 basis points, increased adjusted free cash flow by 24.7%, and further drove down our consolidated net leverage ratio. Notably, our 2020 adjusted EBITDA and adjusted free cash flow respectively met and exceeded our initial 2020 guidance ranges as announced in February of last year, despite solid waste volumes being down $40.6 million year-over-year, coupled with roughly $2.5 million of COVID-specific costs. During the year, we executed well against our key strategic initiatives, displayed very significant capital discipline, and closed 10 acquisitions. Next, I'll provide further details on the recent performance of our operations as well as our continued execution against our key strategies. Starting with disposal volumes, we're again down year-over-year due to the economic impacts of COVID. That said, similar to what we will highlight within the collection operations, there was sequential improvement in terms of volume recovery from the third quarter to the fourth quarter. Disposal volumes were down 8.7% in the fourth quarter compared to the same period last year. In the third quarter, disposal volumes were down approximately 12% year-over-year. Volumes continue to slowly return towards normal seasonal levels. Our pricing programs continue to work well and helped to partially offset the impact of lower tonnages in 2020. During the year, we also flexed select variable costs out of our disposal operations to adjust for lower volumes. While, of course, maintaining our high standards related to safety and compliance, we remain focused on key permitting efforts and furthering our relationships with our host communities as we provide a central resource management infrastructure and services to help meet society's environmental needs. Moving to the collection business, as expected, volumes were again down in the quarter year-over-year. However, we experienced a modest sequential volume recovery from the third quarter to the fourth quarter as some businesses came back online. Increased service intervals and roll-off activity continued to narrow the gap to normalized seasonal trends. In the fourth quarter, collection volumes were down 3% year-over-year as compared to down over 6% year-over-year in the third quarter. This marks a fairly substantial recovery since the second quarter where collection volumes were down over 10% year-over-year. Despite the continued volume headwind, we again increased adjusted EBITDA and margins year-over-year in the quarter. Our performance has been aided by continued investment in technology, automated trucks to better drive collection efficiency, route optimization, and real-time business intelligence. We remain focused on service excellence, operating initiatives, pricing programs, and acquisition integration. On to Resource Solutions. We continue to drive more value and synergies from resource solutions as we have worked to further integrate our recycling, organics, and customer solutions sales and back office teams. As our customers' sustainability needs grow, our resource solutions team is well positioned to provide expertise and services required to achieve these goals. As with all other aspects of our business, we are focused on models that are economically and environmentally sustainable. Resource solutions performed well in the quarter and on the year. For the year, revenues were up 9.9% year-over-year with growth within all three operations while improving adjusted EBITDA and expanding margins. Our recycling operation performed particularly well on the year. Our tip fee and SRA fee programs have allowed us to offtake over 90% of the recycling commodity risk. We continue to make operational improvements through various initiatives, while at the same time, prioritizing safety on the processing lines. Our customer solutions and organics businesses continue to focus on driving value through a low capital intensity business model while growing the business through the addition of profitable new customers, gaining share of wallet across new services with existing customers, and increasing vertical integration opportunities. Finally, I'll highlight our capital allocation and growth strategy. In 2020, we closed 10 acquisitions with approximately $22 million of annualized revenue, while our acquisition growth was somewhat modest in the year due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. Our pipeline remains strong with over $400 million of annualized revenues in opportunities. We ended the year with over $300 million of liquidity, including $154 million in cash. We are poised to opportunistically put capital to work in a return-driven manner on deals with strategic fit that will drive further free cash flow growth. Thus far, in 2021, we have posed one tuck-in acquisition in Western New York with approximately $4 million in annualized revenue. The collection operation will nicely complement our operations, and we welcome aboard the hard-working folks that are new to the Casella team. And with that, I'll turn it over to Ned to walk you through the financials.

Thanks, John. Revenues in the fourth quarter were $200.2 million, up $6.6 million or up 3.4% year-over-year, with 2.2% of the year-over-year change driven by acquisition activity. Solid waste revenues were up 1% year-over-year, with price up 3.9%, 2.7% growth from acquisitions, and volumes down 4.6%. This is a sequential improvement from the third quarter when solid waste volumes were down 8.4% year-over-year. Revenues in the collection line of business were up 2.7% year-over-year with price up 3.8% and volumes down 3%. With roughly 70% of our business in secondary and rural markets across the Northeast, we have experienced a stable to improving economy since the low point of COVID in late April through mid-October. However, with the ramp-up of COVID cases in November and December, we had select commercial customers reduce their service levels. However, this impact was limited, it was short-lived and was further offset by winter seasonal businesses coming back online. By early February, we were back to roughly the same levels at a run rate basis as we were in October. In other words, we've recovered roughly 70% of the commercial and industrial collection services on a revenue basis that were reduced or suspended due to COVID. Revenues in the disposal line of business were down 3.3% year-over-year in the quarter with landfill pricing up 5.6%. Landfill tons were down 10.5% year-over-year as economic activity in construction projects were both negatively impacted by COVID-19. We also had some timing differences year-over-year at the end of the permit year. Resource solutions revenues were up 11.1% year-over-year, with organics up 6.2% on new contracted volumes and additional processing. Customer solutions up 5%, mainly driven by the growth of our services, our existing customers, and some new industrial customers as well. And recycling revenues were up 29.7%, mainly driven by higher commodity pricing and higher volumes. Our average commodity revenue per ton was up 79% year-over-year in the quarter, and this is on substantially higher cardboard and mixed paper pricing, higher metals pricing, partially offset by lower plastics pricing. Adjusted EBITDA was $42.6 million in the quarter, up $1.5 million or 3.7% year-over-year, and adjusted EBITDA margins were 21.3% in the quarter, up 10 basis points. Improving adjusted EBITDA was a significant achievement in the quarter given the COVID headwinds. We saw our solid waste volumes down $6.9 million year-over-year, translating to roughly a $3.5 million adjusted EBITDA headwind from COVID. In addition, we had roughly $200,000 of COVID-specific costs during the quarter. Solid waste adjusted EBITDA was $38.6 million in the quarter, with collection adjusted EBITDA up and disposals slightly down. Resource solutions adjusted EBITDA was $3.9 million in the quarter, up $900,000 year-over-year with improvements in our recycling and organic segments. Our cost of operations in the fourth quarter were up $2.3 million year-over-year but down 110 basis points as a percentage of revenues. Our general and administrative costs in the fourth quarter were up $2.8 million year-over-year, with roughly $2.5 million of the increase driven by higher bonus and equity accruals due to timing differences year-over-year and $900,000 associated with severance during the period. As you may have noted from our press release, our fourth quarter had one very large unique item included. We had a $55 million benefit to income taxes due to the reversal of a valuation allowance on the majority of our net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets. We determined that the majority of our deferred tax assets would be realized in the future, given our significant cumulative consolidated income over the last three fiscal years. As of December 31, we had $548.4 million of debt, $154.3 million of cash, and liquidity of $327.9 million. Our consolidated net leverage ratio, as defined by our credit facility, was 2.76 times at December 31. However, if we net 100% of our cash against our debt, our true leverage ratio was 2.18 times. As John mentioned, we believe our capital structure is in a great position and will allow us to execute efficiently against our strategy to grow through investments and acquisitions in the coming year. Net cash provided by operating activities was $139.9 million year-to-date. This was up $23.1 million year-over-year, and this is driven by higher operating results and positive changes in our assets and liabilities year-over-year. We did an outstanding job on our accounts receivable during the year, with our days sales outstanding at 34.9 days at December 31. This is down 4.3 days from last year. We entered the COVID-19 pandemic with a stable and mature credit and collections program. And during the pandemic, we've improved our customer outreach and communications and created additional flexibility as needed. However, as noted last quarter, we have taken a conservative stance on the recoverability of accounts mid-term, especially now that the federal stimulus programs are starting to wind down. Our bad debt accrual was up $800,000 year-over-year. Given the strong positive working capital management throughout 2020, we chose to repair the entire CARES Act payroll tax deferral of $5 million in December, and we also accelerated payments to our vendors, bringing our days payable outstanding down by 15 days year-over-year. Adjusted free cash flow was $69.1 million for 2020, up $13.7 million or up 24.7% year-over-year. We continue to invest in planned capital expenditures at newly acquired operations during the quarter to drive operating synergies and integration efforts. We also continue to invest in the development of the phase VI landfill expansion at the Waste USA landfill. As stated in our press release yesterday afternoon, we announced guidance for fiscal year 2020 by estimating results for revenues, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted free cash flow. You can read those in our earnings release. As we pointed out in our earnings release, our guidance ranges assume a stable economic environment and no new severe impacts from COVID or large shutdowns. Our 2021 guidance does include a 1.5% revenue growth from the rollover of acquisitions completed in 2020 and those already completed in early 2021. However, our guidance does not include the impact of any acquisitions that have yet to be completed. We have some specific guidance percentages in our press release as well that you can refer to. One thing you will note in our press release is that given the reversal of our tax valuation allowance in fiscal 2020, we now expect an income statement tax provision of roughly 30% in fiscal 2021. However, our cash taxes are expected to remain at approximately $1.5 million in 2021. In addition, we had roughly $140 million of net operating losses remaining at December 31, which we expect will help us to minimize cash taxes for the next three to four years. One question we get quite often is, can we just bridge simply our adjusted EBITDA year-over-year? And looking at a simple bridge, we're expecting our collection adjusted EBITDA to be up $7 million to $8 million year-over-year, our disposal to be up $4 million to $5 million year-over-year, our resource solutions to be up $1 million to $2 million year-over-year, roughly $2.5 million of benefit from acquisitions, and about $1 million to $2 million of headwinds, mainly on the G&A side as we scale G&A to new revenues and acquisitions.

Thanks, Ned, and good morning, everyone. Operationally, we had a strong finish to the year, and I continue to be impressed by the focus and discipline of our frontline workers and management. Our ability to flex costs on lower revenue during the continuing pandemic while protecting our workforce and customers is testament to our culture and the quality of our people, and I'm extremely grateful to the team for their hard work. Consolidated cost of operations as a percentage of revenue improved by about 110 basis points over Q4 last year, which in turn was 206 basis points better than Q4 of the year before driven by price and improved operating costs for the collection business at the landfills and at our resource solutions businesses. For the full year, despite the early extra cost and reduced revenue from COVID, consolidated cost of operations improved 186 basis points. Our collection operations, which generate over 50% of our revenue improved cost of operations by 166 basis points in the quarter and 163 basis points for the full year. We improved our overall variable margin contribution per driver hour, which is our key productivity metric by 4.4% for the year. Though all divisions performed well, I'm particularly pleased with the maturation of our 2018 acquisitions, where we have succeeded in moving margins up to company averages and are ahead of our original pro forma expectations. I have mentioned in the past that acquisitions tend to dilute our margins for a couple of years as it takes time to get pricing where it should be and to increase the level of automation appropriate to the operation. The current results prove our ability to transition the acquired companies to our culture and our operating standards. As we continue with our growth strategy, it is our goal to find ways to shorten this time frame, but we are pleased with our execution. Our Resource Solutions Group had an outstanding year as well and also finished with a strong Q4. As you may recall, this group was challenged this past year with reorganizing our recycling, organics, industrial solutions and major account segments into a more effective organization, structured between processing and non-processing activities. Through COVID on top of that challenge and the results are even more impressive. The Group improved cost of operations for the year by 226 basis points and contributed an additional $4 million of adjusted EBITDA to the consolidated results. Landfill operations, despite lower volume due to the pandemic, continue to produce better margins through reduced costs. Tonnage was down from last year's fourth quarter, 10.5%. And as I've pointed out in the past, landfills are high fixed cost operations and expected to experience margin squeeze when tonnage is down. So it's pretty significant that the cost of operations percentage improved by 80 basis points for the quarter. For the full year, our landfills continued to hit their high operational metric and compliance standards, notably the New York landfills showed marked improvement from a year ago with reduced filter issues, improved turn times for the trucks coming into the facilities and improved regulatory compliance. All-in-all, a great performance by the landfill team. So I'll keep it brief. We finished the year strong and are excited about the opportunities in front of us going into the new year and look forward to your questions. I'd like to now turn it back to the operator to start the Q&A.

Our first question comes from Sean Eastman with KeyBanc Capital Markets.

I just wanted to start it on the guidance. So you guys made it clear that you're kind of assuming a status quo sort of macro backdrop. But just given the volume range is fairly wide 1% to 2.5%, is there some reopening sort of reflected at the high end? How should we be thinking about it within the range in terms of how you're building in the sort of reopening or lack thereof?

Yes. It's -- I think as everyone would say in this environment, it's a bit of an unknown, right? So we -- as I said a while ago, we saw this really nice trend, right, from early May through late October, and then we actually saw things go in the other direction where we saw business owners and industrial customers reduce services a bit in late November into December. And now into February, we're right back to where we were in October. So that is a positive. But I think we're making a little bit of a wider range than we typically do because we just don't know. We're all very excited about the vaccine news, but the rollout appears to be slow across many of our market areas. Something we pointed out last fiscal year is our secondary, the more rural markets have really weathered the storm quite well. Yes, we do have declines in volumes and some economic impacts, but probably some of the larger impacts we have had are in major metropolitan areas. We don't haul waste in New York City, but we have customers who bring us waste to our landfills from the city, and that's been probably the slowest to recover to date.

Okay. Got you. All right. That's helpful. And the dollar EBITDA bridge is always helpful, Ned. So I appreciate that. But as we look at it from a margin perspective, the guidance implies 50 basis points of expansion. I think that's consistent with sort of the preliminary expectations you messaged last quarter. But is there any other interesting element to parse out there from a margin expansion perspective in terms of the moving pieces?

There's really not a lot more to it. I think as we look at it, we expect our core pricing programs and our core operating programs to advance in 2021. And as you look back to 2020, something we get asked quite often, are there margin improvements from COVID that you expect to roll into 2021? Or are you going to lose some of them? And there's a lot of moving pieces here, and we've sliced this in a bunch of different ways. The best we can tell is in the year, we had about 100 basis points of headwinds from COVID on margins, and we had about 100 basis points of help on margins from COVID-specific issues like T&E, overtime, healthcare, things that help. We feel like the patterns we had coming into COVID when we were expanding margins, and we were outpacing inflation with things like dynamic route optimization, automation of trucks, and some of our other key initiatives are what will carry margins into next year.

Got it. So maybe just drilling in on those sort of systems enhancements. How much of the 110 basis points of expansion in 2020 do you think those drove? And maybe more importantly, how much sort of juice is left in the tank on those programs as we think about the go-forward?

So we did quite a bit of automation during the second half of 2020. We have more automation taking place in the first quarter of 2021. It's a guess as to how much of that margin improvement was from that. But a good chunk of that, at least 1/3 of the margin improvement was related to that.

About 40% of our residential fleet is automated today, so we've got a long way to go. We have a lot of opportunities.

Our next question comes from Michael Hoffman with Stifel.

The MIRA closing and New Haven. How do you -- how would you prognosticate, if you would the impact of 700,000 tons coming out on your assets to be the disposal assets, sort of transfer stations or landfill would be able to drive another layer of pricing?

I think that the indications are that will happen in 2022. It could really be another issue in terms of the supply and demand imbalance, as you know, Michael. We're doing more work with McKean. We believe that we need to bring McKean on, though it will be a couple of year process to go through the permitting and additional construction. It is our view that that capacity instead of being an option is probably going to be necessary in the future. I think there's other activity from a permitting standpoint that is questionable at this point in time in addition to the 700,000 tons at MIRA. There are other facilities that are questionable in terms of whether they're going to operate in the future in the Northeast. So we are going to see the same kind of dynamics in the Northeast in terms of the imbalance, which should bode well for our assets.

So is it reasonable to try and model a 5% to 6% price increase on disposal for a while?

We don't see anything that disrupts that pattern. But we're still in a place where these assets are extremely capital intensive, and the regulatory and environmental compliance issues are getting greater. We need to drive higher returns on invested capital at each of these sites. So that's our game plan, and we don't see anything that disrupts it.

Okay. And then I'm going to interchange these two names, I can't remember that it's Hyland or Hakes. You've got the community vote came through on a pretty meaningful increase.

It was Hyland.

Well, how is the progress of the DEP on that part?

I think that progress is going well, Michael. The biggest hurdle, in our view, was getting through the community, and we had a unanimous vote in the community to move forward with the project from the select board. We won the referendum on a very positive basis as well. That facility will have the capability to go from 470,000 tons to 1 million tons a year, and we have a very significant additional development in terms of acreage. We will have an additional 107 acres of potentially approvable capacity. We're going to be there for a lot of years, and that facility will be performing at a much higher level than it is today.

Okay. You mentioned that service intervals were positive sequentially. In your guidance, Ned, what's your assumption about the underlying service interval pattern?

Yes. So we do expect volumes to be down a bit in Q1 overall as a company because we didn't have meaningful COVID impacts in Q1 of 2020. However, we expect a moderate to slightly positive recovery from COVID through the first quarter and into the second quarter. We've modeled kind of getting to 70% recovery. The 30% that we lost early in COVID, we just don't see a pathway for that coming back on the collection side. That's roughly like $8 million to $9 million of revenues. The remainder of the $40 million that John spoke to is in landfill volumes and some in the roll-off collection business as well. Once again, we've put a little bit of a wide range on that because I think your guess is as good as ours of when that will come back or how long it will take.

Okay. So that's it's upside to the opportunity depending on like if New York finally wakes up and realize they probably ought to restart their economy, all that volume at third-party base that goes to disposal coming out of lower New York starts showing up. That's all upside to the guidance.

It's a part of this upside. The midpoint of our solid waste volume guidance year-over-year is 1.75%. Our range was 1% to 2.5%. Some of that's toward the upper end, and then some of it's additional upside.

Okay. All right. That helps. And then capital spending, when -- what's the line of sight where you no longer have conversations about having to talk about big chunky adjustments like Waste USA, for instance, the $13 million, and then I want to just make sure the $10 million for Southbridge to finalize that closing remediation, is that in the $113 million? Is that going through the cash flow statement somewhere else?

Southbridge is going through the statement of cash flows. It will be a reduction of short-term liabilities. So it will be a negative hit to working capital as we work down the closure liability. We expect to substantially complete Southbridge this year. It's been a tough road with the regulators. Right now, our plan is to have about 80% to 90% of that done in 2021, but there are some things outside of our control. The plan is to complete that site in development this year, and it's about $13 million of capital to complete that 25-year development project. We won't call that out going forward.

So thinking about modeling long-term modeling, I can take $113 million and pull $13 million out of it, all things being equal into next year, just as a starting place?

Yes.

And then the cash flow from ops is $10 million better as a starting place, all else being equal?

Yes. We don't see any major capital or closure activities. I mean there's always some that's routine, but nothing like the Southbridge project.

Okay. And then lastly, you had recently talked about there being about $100 million of active dialogue out of the $400 million sort of pipeline M&A standpoint. You've four of that. So I got $96 million less of the active pipeline. What's your sense of probability of close and timings? And I get it's not in guidance, but just so we have a feel for what we're looking at.

I think a good portion of that, Michael, is still in the works. A good portion of that will be in the second half of the year.

Our next question comes from Tyler Brown with Raymond James.

I got to be honest, a lot of my questions have been answered. You guys have talked about quite a bit of stuff here. But I do have a conceptual question. And it may be a tough one to answer at this point. But Ned, I thought you said that maybe 70% of your revenue is in rural or secondary markets. Do you guys believe that there is a real deurbanization trend in the Northeast or are you seeing that maybe in your residential subscription market pickup in those rural markets? Or is that just transitory? Or do you think there's something bigger afoot?

It's really hard to say at this point in time, Tyler, but there's no question that there is something afoot. To be able to characterize that correctly, I think it's a little bit early. But what we can characterize is the movement of real estate in the entire Northeast, particularly around the ski areas, and around the vacation areas, property that hasn't moved in over a decade is all sold at this point in time. There is a lot of movement that we can see and feel from a real estate standpoint, which is impacting positively volumes. But to be able to characterize it, I think it's still a little early. But certainly, there's significant activity from a real estate standpoint that supports the perspective that there is a movement.

Yes. No, definitely seems quite interesting. And then this might be a bit of a silly question as well or maybe bigger picture, I guess. But if I recall, back in the day, you were doing some E&P disposal activities in the Marcellus. Was that right?

That's correct.

So gas prices have been on the move. I think they're peaking over $3 now. I don't know if you've seen any activity. I don't know if rigs are repositioning there. But I'm just curious, have you seen anything happen there? Do you think that's an opportunity, just any broad thoughts there?

Yes. It's definitely been a headwind to us for the last year, and activity is dramatically lower than it was in 2011, 2012, and we have not budgeted or forecasted any of that to come back in, in 2021. To your point, if there is some additional activity there, it could be a positive. But we're talking like millions of dollars, not like tens of millions of dollars of positive revenues. It has never been a huge part of our business, and it's primarily McKean.

Thank you. And I'm not showing any further questions at this time. I would now like to turn the call back over to John Casella for any further remarks.

Thanks, everyone, for your attention this morning. As reflected in our 2020 results and 2021 guidance, we're executing really well against our key strategies. In August 2017, we announced our 2021 plan. I'm proud to say we've achieved this plan one year early. As such, we're in the process of developing our 2024 plan and we look forward to providing an update later in the year. Thanks, everybody, for joining us this morning. We look forward to discussing our first quarter 2021 earnings with you in late April. Thanks, everybody. Have a great day.

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.