Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. And welcome to Martin Marietta's Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Earnings Conference Call. All participants are now in a listen-only mode. A question-and-answer session will follow the Company's prepared remarks. As a reminder, today's call is being recorded and will be available for replay on the Company's website. I will now turn the call over to your host, Ms. Suzanne Osberg, Martin Marietta's Vice President of Investor Relations. Suzanne, you may begin.

Good morning. It's my pleasure to welcome you to Martin Marietta's Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Earnings Call. With me today are Ward Nye, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Jim Nickolas, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Today's discussion may include forward-looking statements as defined by United States Securities Laws in connection with future events, future operating results, or financial performance. Like other businesses, Martin Marietta is subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. We undertake no obligation, except as legally required to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether resulting from new information, future developments, or otherwise. Please refer to the legal disclaimers contained in today's earnings release and other public filings which are available on both our own and the Securities Exchange Commission’s website. We’ve made available during this webcast and on Investor section of our website 2021 supplemental information that summarizes our portfolio optimization efforts and financial results. For purposes of clarity, all financial and operating results discussed today are for continuing operations. In addition, non-GAAP measures are defined and reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measures in the appendix to the supplemental information as well as our filings with the SEC and are also available on our website. Ward Nye will begin today's earnings call with fourth quarter highlights and a discussion of our full year operating performance. Jim Nickolas will then review our 2021 financial results, after which Ward will discuss market trends and 2022 expectations. A question-and-answer session will follow. Please limit your Q&A participation to one question. I will now turn the call over to Ward.

Thank you, Suzanne. And thank you all for joining today's teleconference. Martin Marietta’s diligent execution of our strategic operating analysis and review plan, otherwise known as SOAR, has been and continues to be the foundation of our long-term success, differentiating us from our competitors. This year was no exception, as our impressive 2021 results continue to underscore the importance of disciplined strategic planning combined with functional excellence. Our team's steadfast commitment to our strategic priorities enabled Martin Marietta to extend our proven track record of delivering industry-leading safety, growth, and financial performance for our shareholders. Among our accomplishments, in 2021, we achieved the safest and most profitable year in Martin Marietta's history. This year marked our 10th consecutive year of increases in consolidated product and services revenues, adjusted gross profit, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted earnings per diluted share. We also made significant progress on our SOAR 2025 initiatives, among them, successfully completing more than $3 billion in value-enhancing acquisitions. These transactions expanded our product offerings and attractive new and existing markets, establishing a formidable coast-to-coast geographic footprint supported by robust underlying demand. We will continue to build on these achievements with a focus on delivering sustainable, long-term operational and financial success in 2022 and beyond. Before discussing our full year results, I'll briefly highlight a few notable takeaways from our record fourth quarter and portfolio optimization efforts. Pricing momentum and growing product shipments, aided in part by mild weather extending the 2021 construction season, provided a strong finish to the year. We completed the acquisition of the Lehigh Hanson's West Region business on October 1, which provides Martin Marietta with new growth platforms in three of the nation's largest mega regions in California and Arizona and will serve as a valuable platform for continued expansion in the years ahead. And finally, in the fourth quarter, we achieved a 27% increase in products and services revenues and a 17.5% increase in adjusted EBITDA, capping off a 12-month period of continued growth, robust M&A activity, and record-setting financial performance. Consistent with our SOAR 2025 priorities, we continually look for ways to optimize our portfolio through asset swaps and divestitures. To that end, following the closing of the Lehigh Hanson West acquisition, we received expressions of interest in the California-based cement and concrete operations. As we focus on the product mix of our business to enhance value for our shareholders, we're currently evaluating alternatives for these operations and have classified these assets as held-for-sale. We anticipate providing more clarity regarding our plans for these assets during the first half of 2022. As I noted earlier, for the full year 2021, we established new financial records marking the 10th consecutive year of growth in each of the following metrics: products and services revenues increased 15% year-over-year to $5.1 billion, adjusted gross profit increased 10% year-over-year to $1.4 billion, adjusted EBITDA of $1.53 billion increased 10% year-over-year or 14% excluding non-recurring gains, and adjusted diluted earnings per share of $12.28 grew 6% year-over-year or 13% excluding non-recurring gains. I'm especially pleased to note that Martin Marietta’s strong earnings growth and thoughtful SOAR execution provided our investors with a total shareholder return of 56% in 2021, more than double the S&P 500. Operating our business safely sets the foundation for achieving longstanding financial success. I'm proud to report that we achieved a company-wide world-class safety record for the fifth consecutive year with a 7% reduction in total reportable incidents. Martin Marietta also reported a total entry incident rate of 0.84, exceeding world-class rate levels for the first time in our history. Even more rewarding is that our strong 2021 safety performance includes the safety results of our newly acquired operations. I'm incredibly grateful to our employees, both new and tenured, who embrace Martin Marietta’s guardian and angel culture each and every day. With that overview, let's now turn to the full year operating performance. The building materials business experienced solid product demand across our geographic footprint, driven by single-family housing growth, infrastructure investment, and continued strengthening in warehouses and data centers. Organic aggregate shipments increased nearly 4% to 193 million tons, in line with the high end of our original 2021 guidance for volume growth and above 2019 pre-COVID levels. Acquired operations contributed an additional 8 million tons. Organic aggregates average selling price increased 3%, with realized price increases partially offset by higher sales of lower price base and excess fuel material shipments in the second half of 2021. Importantly, all divisions contributed to this growth. Aggregates pricing fundamentals remain very attractive, underpinned by market support, prior announced price increases, and overall customer confidence. We anticipate being well positioned commercially and otherwise to respond to strong demand and more than offset inflationary headwinds in 2022. Our Texas cement business grew modestly to 4 million tons, establishing a new record for shipments supported by large projects, recovering energy sector activity, and incremental pull-through from our interim downstream customers. Cement pricing grew 7% following multiple pricing increases during the year as the largest cement producer in Texas. Our cement operations are well positioned to continue to benefit from tight supply and healthy demand supported by diversified customer backlogs and our announced April 2022 price increase of $12 per ton. Turning to our targeted downstream businesses, organic ready-mix concrete shipments increased 16%, reflecting the healthy Texas and Colorado demand environment, while pricing grew modestly. Despite solid fourth quarter volume improvement, our Colorado asphalt and paving business was unable to overcome shipment declines from weather challenges and liquid asphalt supply disruptions that hindered construction activity during the traditionally productive summer months. Organic asphalt pricing improved 4%. I'll now turn the call over to Jim to conclude our full year 2021 discussion with a review of our financial results and liquidity.

Thank you, Ward, and good morning everyone. As Ward mentioned, we are evaluating our strategic alternatives as it relates to the California cement plants, related distribution terminals, and California ready-mix operations. These assets, along with several parcels of land, have been classified as assets held-for-sale on the balance sheet. And the profits they generate are shown as earnings from discontinued operations on the income statement. Accordingly, the revenues and profits from these assets are not included in either 2021 reported earnings from continuing operations or our forward earnings guidance. For our continuing operations, both the building materials and Magnesia Specialties businesses contributed to our record revenues and profitability, notwithstanding energy headwinds of almost $75 million, which is nearly one-third higher compared with 2020 on an organic basis. Our aggregates pipeline established records for revenues and gross profit. Product gross margin of 29.6% included higher diesel costs and a $25 billion negative impact from selling acquired inventory that was marked to fair value as part of acquisition accounting. Excluding the acquisition impact, adjusted aggregates product gross margin was 30.4%, a 20 basis point decline versus the prior year. Gross profit per ton shift improved modestly when excluding the impact of acquisition accounting. Improved cement profitability in the second half of the year was not enough to overcome production inefficiencies and incremental storm-related costs from the February deep freeze in Texas. As a result, cement product gross margin declined 600 basis points to 31.8% despite top-line growth. Increased raw material, energy, and maintenance costs also pressured margins. Ready-mix concrete product gross margin was 8.3%, relatively flat compared with the prior year as shipment and pricing gains offset higher costs for raw materials and diesel. Adjusted products and services gross margin for the asphalt and paving business decreased 180 basis points to 16.4% from higher raw materials costs and operational disruptions from a summertime Colorado liquid asphalt shortage. Magnesia Specialties achieved record revenues and profitability, with product revenues of $275 million increasing 24%, driven largely by demand for magnesia-based chemicals products used for cobalt extraction. Cobalt prices, which have doubled since the fourth quarter of 2020, are expected to remain at high levels and should support demand for chemicals products throughout 2022. Product gross profit increased 23% to $110 million, even though higher costs for energy and contract services resulted in a 40 basis point decline in product gross margin to 40.2%. Martin Marietta ended 2021 with the strongest cash generation in our history, operating cash flow of $1.14 billion increased 8%, driven by improvement in net working capital efficiency. SOAR continues to provide the framework to responsibly and sustainably grow our business and deploy capital for long-term success. The company's long-standing capital allocation priorities balance our value-enhancing acquisitions with proven capital expenditures and our goal of consistently returning capital to shareholders while preserving financial flexibility and an investment grade credit rating profile. In addition to the $3.1 billion to deploy for attractive platform and bolt-on acquisitions in 2021, we also invested $423 million of capital into our business. In November, we completed a capacity expansion project at our Bridgeport quarry, adding over 3.5 million tons of aggregates annual production capacity and reducing our customers' loading cycle times. This project increases throughput at our flagship quarry in the fast-growing Dallas/Fort Worth market. We will continue to prioritize high-return capital projects to drive large expansion in 2022. We also returned $148 million to shareholders, reflecting our most recent dividend increase announced in August. Since the repurchase authorization announcement in February of 2015, we have returned nearly $2 billion to shareholders through a combination of meaningful and sustainable dividends as well as share repurchases while at the same time growing our business profitably and responsibly. Our net debt-to-EBITDA ratio increased to 3.2 times as of December 31, reflecting the debt-financed acquisition of Lehigh Hanson West in the fourth quarter. Consistent with our past practice of reducing leverage following an acquisition, we expect the debt ratio to be 2.5 times by year-end 2022. With that, I'll turn the call back over to Ward to discuss our 2022 outlook.

Thanks, Jim. We're excited about Martin Marietta’s opportunities for sustainable long-term success in 2022 and beyond, as we build on our momentum and capitalize on favorable market fundamentals and underlying secular demand trends. For the first time since our industry's most recent shipment peak in 2005, public and private construction activity are both poised to accelerate, supporting increased shipments and attractive multi-year pricing acceleration for construction materials. As we embark on what we view as this golden age of aggregates. Martin Marietta has the ability and capacity to supply these needed products underpinned by our local pricing strategy. We will continue to do so in a manner that emphasizes value over volume. The new Federal Infrastructure Law, along with strong State Department of Transportation budgets in our key states of Texas, Colorado, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and now California, provide Martin Marietta with a long-awaited runway for multi-year growth in infrastructure demand. The recently enacted Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act is the nation's most significant infrastructure action since the introduction of the Interstate Highway System in 1956. This bipartisan legislation contains a five-year surface transportation reauthorization, plus $110 billion in new funding for roads, bridges, and other hard infrastructure projects. While this once-in-a-generation investment in America's transportation networks stimulates economic growth and job creation immediately, we expect product demand benefits to begin in late 2022 and become more pronounced in 2023. This new law will naturally and favorably impact our results over an extended period of time, and we expect this legislation to result in healthy State Department of Transportation budgets with estimated lettings above prior levels. Approved state and local transportation measures will also promote sustainable growth and product demand. In November of 2021, voters approved 89% of state and local transportation ballot measures. These initiatives are estimated to generate an additional $7 billion in both one-time and recurring transportation funding, with initiatives in Texas, our top revenue-generating state, accounting for over $4 billion of this total. These measures tangibly demonstrate the commitment of state and local governments to ongoing efforts to repair and improve our nation's aging infrastructure. Importantly, DOTs for our top states are well equipped from both financial and resource perspectives to put increased transportation dollars to work and advance the growing number of projects in their backlogs. We expect enhanced infrastructure investment to provide volume stability and drive aggregates shipments to this end-use closer to our 10-year historical average of 40% of total shipments. For reference, aggregates to the infrastructure market accounted for 34% of 2021 organic shipments. Non-residential construction should continue to benefit from e-commerce, evolving work trends, and supply chain complexities that drive increased investment in aggregates-intensive heavy industrial warehouses, data centers, and reshoring of manufacturing to the United States. Notably, commercial and retail construction throughout our markets are poised to inflect and become a more significant demand driver in 2022 as it typically follows single-family residential development. Aggregates to the non-residential market accounted for 35% of 2021 organic shipments. Residential construction remains robust, particularly for single-family housing, which is yet to return to normalized levels. The National Association of Home Builders forecasts 2022 single-family housing starts to be 25% higher than pre-pandemic levels in 2019, despite longer material delivery times and labor shortages. Martin Marietta’s leading coast-to-coast footprint positions our company to benefit from single-family housing growth given favorable conditions, favorable population and employment dynamics, and accelerated de-urbanization. Single-family housing is two to three times more aggregates-intensive than multi-family construction when factoring in the ancillary non-residential and infrastructure needs of new or expanding suburban communities. Aggregates to the residential market accounted for 25% of 2021 organic shipments. In summary, we expect 2022 to be another record year for Martin Marietta. Organic aggregate shipments are anticipated to increase 1% to 4% in 2022 as contractor labor shortages and logistics challenges continue to impact an otherwise robust demand environment. Underpinned by a value-over-volume pricing strategy, we expect growth in organic aggregates pricing of 5% to 8%. Annual price increases become effective from January 1 to April 1 and have already garnered market support. While inflationary pressures remain, we expect to expand upstream gross margins in 2022, supported by pricing acceleration and disciplined cost control. Combined with contributions from our cement, downstream, and Magnesia Specialties businesses, and full year results for acquired operations, we expect consolidated adjusted EBITDA for our continuing operations to be between $1.7 billion and $1.8 billion. To reiterate, our 2022 guidance excludes the businesses classified as assets held-for-sale. To conclude, we're extremely proud of our 2021 record-setting safety, operational, and financial performance, supported by a growing demand environment and our consistently executed strategic priorities. We're confident in Martin Marietta’s long-term prospects. Our team remains committed to employee health and safety, commercial and operational excellence, sustainable business practices, and the execution of our SOAR 2025 initiatives as we build the safest, best-performing, and most durable aggregate public company. We look forward to continuing our strong momentum and delivering attractive growth and superior value for our shareholders in 2022 and beyond.

Thank you. [Operator Instructions]. And as a reminder, please limit yourself to one question. And if necessary, get back in the queue for additional questions. One moment while we compile the Q&A roster. Our first question comes from Trey Grooms at Stephens. Your line is open.

Hey, good morning, everyone.

Good morning, Trey.

I wanted to first off, Ward, ask about your portfolio optimization efforts here. You're evaluating strategic alternatives for the California cement business and ready-mix. How are you thinking about that? Any color you can share with us on the strategic reasoning behind that and any kind of impact that you could color around that for these businesses you're looking at maybe moving out?

Happy to try. Thank you for the question. If you think about what our business is going to look like, and what we now refer to as the Pacific region, we will have 17 aggregate locations there, we're going to have ready-mix in Arizona and we will have asphalt in California and Arizona. I think importantly, as we go back and take a look at, from a tonnage or cubic yardage perspective, what that's going to look like, that's going to be around 13.5 million tons of stone in that marketplace. It's going to be about 1.1 million cubic yards, and around 8 million tons of asphalt. If you think back to the way that we've long spoken about our business, you've heard us say this is an aggregates-led company. And we do have a strategic cement business, but we have that in Texas. I think the strategic cement fits the way we've spoken about your Texas extraordinarily well. One of the things that we did identify for people, when we bought the Lehigh Hanson business, was that we were going to look at the cement business in particular to determine if we were the best owner. And after we closed on that transaction, as I indicated in the prepared remarks, we received a number of inquiries from different parties interested in those businesses. From our perspective, we owe it to our shareholders and others to engage in that dialogue. Obviously, part of what I've indicated, we anticipate having more for you on that here in the first half of the year. But again, from an aggregates-led perspective, we'd like this type of direction. The other thing that I think is so important to reiterate in California is we think the ability is very much ahead of us in that state to do more M&A on the aggregate side in California. And we think that's going to give us a very attractive long-term business. There obviously, we now have a platform position from which to grow. So, Trey, I hope that's helpful.

Yes, absolutely. And so you're keeping the aggregates business being aggregates led, obviously. But now that you've been in the driver's seat there for three or four months, any update you can give us around maybe the commercial efforts, particularly around the aggregates business there in California?

No, I'm happy to. Trey, if we're looking at aggregate selling prices in that marketplace, generally, they tended to be about $0.70 a ton lower than Martin Marietta’s overall pricing. So if we look at when we bought that business in Minnesota, those prices were for below Martin Marietta, so are the prices in California. So we're very focused commercially on getting that more in line. What we've done in California, I think this is important, is we have been very intentional about going out with pricing increases in that market, effective January 1. The price increases, from the customer feedback and from what we're seeing very directly, have been received favorably. The trends are actually quite attractive. We've indicated ASP increases across the enterprise of up 5% to 8% and would be disappointed if California didn't outperform that. In fact, that's what we've seen thus far in January, Trey. So I think the commercial undertakings that we've had in that state, even with ownership just as in a matter of months, have actually gone quite well.

Great. Thanks, Ward. Thanks for taking my questions. Take care.

You too, Trey.

Our next question comes from Kathryn Thomson with Thomson Research Group. Your line is open.

Hi, thank you for taking my question today. Gave some great color just on end markets, but the one I'd like to focus in on a little bit more is on the commercial end market because that was one that we saw uncertainty, you and others have started to see some improvement in the back half of 21’. And given those are longer-term projects in general, that can have a scaling impact on pricing too. So really kind of the question on commercial is, what are you seeing in terms of trends? How does that impact pricing now and also in the future as you're able to price up higher? And a little bit with that, in particular from a geographic standpoint, Texas has been strong, but it's just a place that didn't need to get stronger did, and how that impacts commercial and pricing for all of your business in that market too? Thank you.

You bet, Kathryn. Thank you. So several things. If we go back about a year ago, when we had our Analyst Investor Day SOAR 2025 to a sustainable future, part of what we were talking about is we believe the Single-Family Housing state over that million year start that we would see in particular, the light portion of non-res continued to grow. So now let's step back and assess what 2022 looked like and how that forecast into ’21. 2022 was, or 2021 was the only year and second year in our history where non-res volumes were more than infrastructure volumes were. So that tends to indicate that what we thought we were going to see and what we outlined last February, in fact, happened throughout the year, meaning heavy non-res continued to be very good. It's incredibly aggregates intensive. And then as housing state solid, light non-res came behind that which led to the single largest end-use that we have. To your point, if we look at overall non-res in a state like Texas, the Dallas/Fort Worth and Austin area, along I-35 continues to be incredibly strong. What we're seeing on that last mile delivery centers is impressive. It was hard to imagine that getting better, and by the way, I'm there too. But as you noted, it has. Samsung is looking to come in there with a $14 billion semiconductor plant in Austin, Texas. Texas Instruments is looking to build more in North Texas and Central Texas where we're seeing the high-speed rail. So there are a number of projects on non-res that we think will continue to be really pretty notable in that state. The other thing that we're seeing is obviously LNG has been on the sidelines for a while. We anticipated that it would be at the same time we're looking at some jobs right now at Rio Grande LNG at Chevron Phillips, and we think might see some degree of going into this year. So to your point, that's just in Texas. The other thing that is notable is that we're seeing what's happening with rig counts, and I mean rig counts have clearly been down. The rig count at 610 at the end of January was actually up 226 rigs year-over-year. So we're seeing more activity and energy as well. If we come back and look at other states, so that matter to us, whether it's Colorado, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, we continue to see very good activity. As I called on prepared remarks on warehousing and distribution. But here's what we're seeing too: we're seeing this in North Carolina, retail and hospitality sectors beginning to inflect. There has been some recent activity in North Carolina with respect to Apple and Google, and then Toyota has also come into the Greensboro High Point area, which has been a bit of a laggard. Seeing that type of activity there is really quite refreshing. Then Atlanta continues to be a top five domestic warehousing and data center market and shows absolutely no sign of slowing. We feel like non-res is attractive, it continues to be really durable. I think part of what's changed Kathryn is the heavy side of non-res, particularly as we're looking at these distributions have become so aggregates intensive, and we've discussed before, they tend to be in many respects almost concrete envelopes. To your point, you're selling relatively high priced clean stone into those concrete operations. Again, your part of your question was not just what's happening with non-res but what could that do trending relative to pricing. I do believe this non-res projects will continue to take more clean stone. If we look at the clean stone, it's going to be a higher price, so I think all of it adds up to a very attractive near-term, probably medium-term outlook Kathryn.

Thank you very much.

Thank you.

Our next question comes from Stanley Elliott with Stifel. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning everyone. Thank you actually for taking the call and the question. Can I piggyback it on a comment you just made a second ago where you talked about being underbuilt from a residential standpoint. Lots of investor concerns now around affordability, rate increases, etc. But how are you all balancing that? Or what are you seeing in your marketplace given that we were underbuilt or 7 million starts for 8-plus years?

Stanley, that's such a good point because there's so much that still needs to be made up in housing. I think that's one of the reasons that we've been so focused in SOAR, not just in building our business, but where we're building our business. So you need to think about what's happening with populations and where they're going. So our view is several things. One, the underbuilt conditions that you just outlined, together with nice population dynamics, puts us in a really attractive spot. Here are some numbers that I think are worth thinking about: If we look at where seasonally adjusted rates for Single-Family Housing came in for 2021, it was around 1.1 million starts. Starts are expected in 2022 around 1.2 million; in 2023, 1.3 million; and in 2024, around 1.4 million. Here's the math that I think we find compelling. By the time we get to 1.4 million single starts, if these numbers are right, two things worth remembering: one, that will be back to 2003 levels, so we will have been away from that for 20 years, and the U.S. is going to have 40 million more people. Now if we think about where those people are or where those people are going and we start thinking about the states that are impactful for Martin Marietta, you think about them in order, being Texas and Colorado and North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and now add in California. For a state like Texas, that's 34% of our sales, but we look at the overall population, it's about 30% of the population of the United States. We're looking at about 29 million people in the state. If we're looking at North Carolina, now 10.6 million people in the state, but we're looking to add 2 million people to North Carolina by 2040. Again, if we're looking at population trends, even with rising interest rates, you're still seeing historically low rates and you're seeing people who simply need homes and people moving into these parts of the United States that can afford the homes. We don't think single-family home building is going to go up to the numbers where it was back in 2005-2006, we don't think that it should. But we think this is a very sustainable level, and we think the sustainable level helps us not just on housing because, as you know, that's two to three times more aggregates intensive than multi-family, but we think what that continues to do, going back to the previous question, on non-res is really very attractive, Stanley. So a lot of data, but it's our way of saying we feel like housing for our business in our leading state is going to be very durable for a while.

Perfect. Thanks so much. And best of luck.

Thanks, Stanley.

Our next question comes from Anthony Pettinari with Citigroup. Your line is open.

Good morning.

Good morning, Anthony.

You're guiding CapEx up roughly $100 million year-over-year in '22. I'm just -- is that primarily Lehigh and Tiller? And are there any major kind of growth projects that you'd call out as part of the '22 CapEx guide? And any kind of rough view on how we should think about CapEx long term?

Yes, yes. It's Jim. Good morning. The answer is it’s mostly organic business. It's not Lehigh Hanson assets predominantly. The main project in 2022 is what we've outlined before as the large capacity expansion to melon. We refer to it as a large project that we've got going on next -- this year in 2022. So that's the main one. We expect to have a very high return on that one, especially given the pricing outlook that we're seeing for cement in that market. So that's going to be, I think, a very high returning project for us. Otherwise, as I think about it in total, for modeling purposes, I think 9% of sales roughly is generally how I think about this business over time, and we're not too far off that, I think, in 2022.

Okay. That’s very helpful. I’ll turn it over.

Thanks, Anthony.

Our next question comes from Garik Shmois with Loop Capital. Your line is open.

Great. Thanks for having me on. I was just wondering if you could speak to infrastructure demand for this year and specifically just with some of the reports out of D.C. with delays in federal funding just given the lack of a full-year federal budget. Are you anticipating any headwinds associated with that in your 2022 guide? And maybe speak more broadly as to the level of confidence that the projects that you thought are going to be moving forward with the passage of the infrastructure bill, the level of confidence that they're going to continue to move forward as expected?

Thanks so much for the question, Garik. We feel pretty good about that. So a couple of things to think about. One, the new bill is the law now. The appropriations process has to go through its normal deal. If you go back and look at the appropriations process, number one, they're negotiating it right now. Number two, if we go back and look at history, the latest that's ever found common ground is early in May, which puts it comfortably ahead of the next fiscal year for the government. The other thing that I think is so important to remember is $118 billion was deposited into the Highway Trust Fund, and it's lockbox. So we know that money is going to be there. So if you think of it from a federal perspective through that lens, I think it gives you a pretty good foundation. When you pivot and take a couple of other things into account: One, you've still got significant COVID funding that's going to find its way into the system this year. Thirdly, the last leg of that story, I would say is simply where the different DOTs themselves are. If we look at the DOTs that matter most to Martin Marietta, again, it's going to be Texas, Colorado, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and California. In Texas, we're looking at FY ‘22 lettings that are expected to exceed $10 billion, the highest in five years. In Colorado, they recently passed a $5.3 billion 10-year infrastructure bill, ensuring a consistent stream of funding in that state through FY '23. If we're looking here in our backyard in North Carolina, FY '22 lettings have returned to historic levels. Similarly, in Georgia, we're looking for an expected increase of around $200 million or about 12%. In Florida, mine has nearly $2 billion. Finally, California has a $17 billion budget. We think with where SB1 is providing $50 billion of total spending through 2030, with about 3.7% of it going directly to highways and streets on an annual basis. We think that combination of the money that's been in the bank, what we think is going to be a fairly navigable appropriations process with the COVID money that's there and what I've just outlined on those top states for North Carolina, we like what we're seeing relative to infrastructure, and we believe that's going to be beneficial.

Great. I appreciate that. That’s helpful.

Thank you, Garik.

Our next question comes from Courtney Yakavonis with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning, guys. Thanks for the question. Can we just go back to the Lehigh assets again? And I believe those that are remaining are now incorporated into guidance. But if you can just help us understand maybe the split between the sales that are -- sales and EBITDA that are in your guidance versus what is being held-for-sale? And then also, if you can talk about just how those assets are performing. I guess I would have expected the aggregates volume growth -- or sorry, pricing growth associated with the Lehigh business to be growing a little bit faster than the overall business. So if you could just help us think about how that's performing relative to the business overall? Thanks.

Happy to. Courtney, thank you for the question. I'm going to take the last part of your question first. And by the way, I wholeheartedly agree with you. As I indicated early on, if we're looking at the Pacific business and we're looking at overall aggregate selling prices there, I think we've indicated they're about $0.70 a ton lower than heritage Martin Marietta. We've said across the board, you should expect ASP increases of 5% to 8%. What I'm indicating is we should expect California to outperform that. And frankly, if California is not seeing low double-digit price increases, I would be disappointed in that. So I think that's totally consistent with your thinking. While January does not make a year, we certainly like the numbers that we've seen in January. If we think about what EBITDA contribution looks like in that group, here's the way I would encourage you to think of it. We've indicated we're going to be an aggregates-led business there, with around 13 million tons of stone. We will have a ready-mix business in Arizona, and we will have hot mix in California and Arizona. If you think about EBITDA contribution, about 70% of the EBITDA contribution is going to be from aggregates in that business, around 18% will be from ready-mix, and around 13% will be from asphalt. If you go back and look historically at what would have been cement business in California, together with a ready-mix business in California and simply take those out. We put some pies together for you when we announced that transaction, showing how much was cement and aggregates and ready-mix and hot mix because at that point, we were talking about the upstream portion. Now what you're seeing in upstream at that time, by the way, meant both aggregates and cement. Now we're talking about a business that with nearly 70% of the EBITDA being from aggregates is in the lexicon that we typically use in aggregates-led business, which is what we’re looking to number one, have in that state. But Courtney, I think even more importantly, that's what we intend to keep building in that state. There are independent players there. There's a lot of potential M&A activity that's already underway in California. I'm trying to give you a snapshot of what it was, what it is right now. And what it is right now from an aggregate perspective, we believe will become even heavier.

Okay. Thanks. And maybe -- could you just maybe just quantify how much that EBITDA contribution is from the acquisition? And then how much of that is now in discontinued operations? And if you could also just comment if there's any synergies as a result of the deal that we should be thinking about on either SG&A or other line items?

Since it was a carve-out, the synergies that will come from that transaction will be what we bring to it operationally, which we're in the process of doing and what we're doing commercially. The commercial efforts are already evident. Relative to broken-out EBITDA, we've actually not given that. I think if you go back and look at some of the information that we gave at the time relative to the Lehigh Hanson transaction and Tiller because we spoke about those in connection with each other. I think you can probably back into some of that, but we certainly had some arrangements with buyers and sellers that we would not talk about those numbers with greater specificity. So I'm not intending to be clever with you, not at all. I apologize on that. But I think overall you can back into likely where those are. Because you're not buying a public company, moving offices, etc., and it's a carve-out, the synergies end up being more commercial and operational excellence over time.

Okay. Great. That's helpful. And then just lastly, on the volume guidance. I think you made some comments that you're still seeing some constraints due to labor shortages and the demand environment. Can you just help us think about your volume expectations for 1% to 4% growth, how much of that is being constrained by some of the supply chain issues that we're seeing in the market? And whether you're baking in any improvement in the back half of the year?

There's going to be improvement. It will be in the back half of the year. A good example we’ve been able to use in the past is we could probably see in the mid-single digits from a volume perspective, higher, for example, in the Dallas/Fort Worth market almost on a daily basis than we're seeing right now simply because of the lack of trucks. If we look at supply chains right now, primarily, it's one of logistics. It's how quickly can people bring their trucks or how efficient can rail be in moving product. Overall supply chain on labor for us is not a particular issue right now. Our supply chain itself is so domestically oriented. We haven't struggled with that. We're not struggling with putting adequate product on the ground. We believe we can meet the demand and we believe we can do it in a very low-cost way. We do think we're going to be in a position that we can assure we're getting fair value for our products. But I do think the single largest challenge will continue to be transportation logistics. We do believe there will likely be some degree of ease on that in the second half of the year. But I would tell you, we have not built that in. And the other thing that we have done, Courtney, regarding our pricing letters for this year, we have indicated to our customers that they should prepare for midyear price increases from us. At the same time, we have not factored that in to any of the guidance that we've given you. So, do I think there’s potentially some upside relative to logistic easing in the second half? I do. When I tell you very candidly, we’ve told customers to, in many respects, prepare for midyears, and that's not in our numbers, that would be growth.

Great. Thank you.

Thank you, Courtney.

[Operator Instructions]. Our next question is from Michael Dudas with Vertical Research. Your line is open.

Good morning, gentlemen.

Good morning.

Ward, the other hot topic certainly is inflation. There is a pretty aggressive print this morning on CPI. How is -- how do you see it from your end? Are customers getting worried? And generally, when you put out your guidance for 2022, what were the levers or thoughts relative to energy materials? And is there any easing of that as we move throughout 2022? And what you're expecting for the year?

Mike, thank you very much for the question. What I'm going to do is turn that over to Jim. I want him to walk you through what we're seeing relative to labor, M&R, and in particular, what we're seeing with respect to diesel. The short answer, at least from my perspective, goes back to the prepared remarks and push said, we expect to see better margins in our upstream materials business this year than we did last year. So that's going to give you the punchline. But let me let Jim walk you through at least what we're seeing in some discrete areas of the business.

Yes. Sure. So the labor services component is probably around 5%. The other elements, which are smaller slices of the cost pie, supplies, 5% to 10%; repairs and maintenance, probably 5% to 10% as well. But obviously, the main component of what we sell is our stone; we own that. There's no -- and we source that from the ground. So that's going to help with the inflationary environment as well. Those costs are going up, but they're a smaller portion of our total cost pie than other areas. On the aggregate piece, we're going to be growing margins overall. But again, those are the rough ways of thinking about it. Diesel in particular was a headwind this year for 2021, and we expect it to be a headwind in 2022. We've built in around $25 million of additional diesel costs in 2022. We're hoping that's not enough; it looks like it is right now, but we'll modify that if we need to.

Thank you. Our next question is from Jerry Revich with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Yes, hi. Good morning, everyone.

Good morning, Jerry.

I wonder if you could talk about the length of your backlog in infrastructure based on the lettings that we're tracking. It looks like we're above 2019 levels in terms of what's been awarded to your customers. Has that translated to your backlogs recovering to where they were when we were talking about them in 2018 and 2019? And in terms of the pricing associated with some longer-term work, were you folks able to get out in front of the inflation in terms of putting through significant price increases on longer-term work specifically that has been awarded to you over the past 6 months?

Fair enough, Jerry. Keep in mind, even on longer-term work, historically, at least over the last decade, we would have been building in price increases on longer-term work on an annual basis. Do we anticipate those price increases in the future to be greater than some of them have been in the past? The short answer is yes. If we're looking overall at backlog, customer backlog, and that's the important way to try to remember it, what we're looking at right now is the backlog in aggregates, that's about 14% ahead of where it was in the prior year. If I'm breaking it down even more granularly, what you'll find is in the East Group, it's up around 17% versus prior year and the West Group is up around 10% versus prior year. I'm particularly heartened by that because, as you'll recall, that East Group, which is a pure stone business, tends to have the highest margins in the company. They also have the largest backlogs in the aggregates group. The other thing that I think is worth adding to it as well, Jerry, is as we're looking at what's going on in Mag Specialties, they've got record backlogs across their business as well. Obviously, the chemicals portion of that business is doing exceedingly well. It clearly had a few cost headwinds relative to natural gas and some degree of what was going to the steel business for a portion of Q4. It's always interesting to me when margins in that business are taking down a little bit to 38.5%. That tends to give people's attention, but it's a solid 40% margin business, and customer backlogs in that business are records. In aggregates they are up nicely ahead of prior year; we're talking about midyears on those as well. We do protect customers on the pricing that they've had in the past, but we do expect to get mid-year this year, and we expect mid-year to be attractive.

Yes. If only all business was bottomed at 38.5% margins. Thanks.

You bet, Jerry.

Our next question comes from Michael Feniger with Bank of America. Your line is open.

Yes. Hi, guys. Thanks for taking my questions. Just you mentioned the margin expansion in the upstream business in aggregate. Can you just help us understand the cadence there? I mean, diesel, energy prices are still kind of elevated right now on a year-over-year basis. So how should we be thinking about just 2022? Is it -- are we down a little bit in the first half reflecting in the second half to get it up full year? Just how should we kind of think about the cadence through the year?

Sure. So Michael, we don't give out quarterly guidance. So I'm going to stick with sort of systemic ways of thinking about it. Back-end loaded, profit-wise, that is true, more than historically we've seen for two reasons, really. One, our price increases are larger this year than they were last year, and those are largely effective every one. So first quarter this year still hasn't really had the ticker from the accelerating price increases. So that effect is slightly delayed. Two, the diesel headwinds that you mentioned, those are more pronounced in the first half of the year than they will be in the second half of the year. So those are the two main reasons we're seeing gross profits will be back-end weighted versus historical patterns.

Our next question comes from Adam Thalhimer from Thompson. I apologize if I mispronounced that, Adam.

You are good. Thank you. Good morning, guys.

Good morning.

Ward, if I've gotten any pushback this morning, it's maybe on the volume guidance, particularly around the low end of -- could you maybe comment on upside, downside risk to the volume outlook for this year?

What if you think back to it, Adam, that's exactly where we came out last February, too, right? And we said 1% to 4%. Obviously, we finished the year on the high end of that. If we're looking at overall total, and keep in mind, the 1% to 4% is on the organic. If we're looking overall, we're talking 7% to 10%. So what I would say is, I think back to the dialogue I was having a few moments ago, can we meet the demand? Yes. Can we meet the spec requirements? Yes. Can we do that almost anywhere we need in the United States? The short answer is yes. If you can give me a good snapshot of what's going to happen with transportation and logistics, I can probably tell you what's going to happen relative to volume. If we're right that we're going to see some degree of easing logistically, frankly, I think that certainly is trending you towards the higher end of that. But if we think about the issues that may make that slower, it's not going to be an issue of demand and it's not going to be an issue of our ability to meet the demand; it's going to be what's happening relative to third parties and their ability to move this down.

Okay. Thank you.

You bet.

Our next question comes from Timna Tanners with Wolfe Research. Your line is open.

Yes, hello everyone. How are you doing?

Great. [indiscernible] hear your voice.

Likewise. Hey, just wanted to explore a little bit more the capital allocation comments, in particular, you mentioned buybacks, but we haven't really seen much yet. So I just wanted to ask you a little bit more about what you think about in terms of deploying that? How you think about -- obviously, you keep flagging the opportunity to grow more. I'm just wondering the timing of further acquisitions; I assume that's just a question of availability. But are you looking at a particular leverage goal, debt leverage well before you deploy any of those opportunities? Thanks a lot.

Again, I'm going to kick that over to Jim. As part of what Jim told you in his prepared comments, basically looking at the business, as we're looking at it right now, we’re going to be back to our 2.5 times debt-to-EBITDA ratio by the end of the year. As you can tell, this is a business that de-levers very quickly. If you think about our overall capital priorities, the short answer is, Timna, they haven't changed over time. I'd ask Jim to walk you through those, but M&A continues to be one that's been coming to us. But Jim?

Yes. We wouldn't pass on an acquisition today if it came through based on our leverage. We have the ability to go after that opportunity and still deleverage. So that's not a roadblock for us at this point. As we've mentioned, we do expect to get to 2.5 times by year-end on a net basis. Even with that in mind, we will take a balanced approach to our capital. Whether we buy back shares, that's on off the table this year, even with those things, M&A and share buyback, etc., increasing dividend, hopefully in August. That is all in the cards, even with our leverage where it's at. That's all contemplated with our stated forecasted end-of-year net leverage of 2.5 times. Hopefully, that answers your question.

Okay. Thank you.

Thank you, Timna.

Our next question comes from David MacGregor with Longbow Research. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning everyone. I just wanted to ask about -- just to build on -- you're answering to a previous question about the volume guidance of 1% to 4%. Maybe this reflects the backlog, but do you expect more growth in the East versus the West? Can you just talk about how you're thinking about East versus West in that 1% to 4%? And then I guess just my question with respect to cement would be just on the profitability for 2022. It seems like the volume upside is pretty limited. You're running those two plants pretty close to full capacity now, I would guess. So is it all just price cost at this stage? Or is there something else we should think about in terms of profitability, in terms of the puts and takes on profitability for 2022 cement.

David, thanks for the question. Good morning to you. A couple of things. One, if we think about the way the country has recovered over the last several years, the East really took a harder fall in the downturn than the Southwest and in some respects on the West. We've seen markets like Atlanta recovering more violently right now as well as the Carolinas and up into Virginia. Now we're seeing a very attractive recovery in Maryland as well. So if I'm looking at East versus West broadly, I expect to see a more snap back in the East in many respects than we are in the heritage West. I think California is going to be an attractive market for us. But again, I'm comforted by the fact that we're seeing good activity in the East. With respect to your cement question, look, you're entirely right; I mean we're tapped out in many respects at about 4 million tons right now. Obviously, we're adding capacity to what we're doing in Texas with the FM 7 capital project that Jim spoke about before. I guess several things. One, our efficiencies were not necessarily helped last year by that decrease that occurred last February. So David, as you may recall, I know you're accustomed to it in Cleveland, but in Dallas and San Antonio, they're not accustomed to the type of weather that they had last year. That lasted for an extended period of time that really not only slowed down sales but production and actually caused a significant degree of M&R. We don't think that's going to recur. So we do believe there are efficiencies that simply come from that. If we're looking overall at what we think is going to happen relative to pricing, again, we saw multiple price increases last year in cement. Right now, we're looking at a $12 a ton increase in April. I think the other thing that can be a bit of a swing factor there, David, is where is some of that going to be as well. Obviously, DFW is a very healthy market, so is Central Texas. As part of what we saw in the quarter was more material heading to West Texas. Now granted, percentages in this concept sound really big; tonnages are huge. If we're looking at quarter percentages changes, we saw 215% more material head to West Texas. Now what does that mean? Practically speaking, 37,000 tons went to West Texas in the quarter versus 12,000 tons in the previous quarter. But as we look at average selling price on those, that's at an average selling price of around $203 a ton versus a total cement all-in number of $127. I would say several things: Do we anticipate a better year for operations in Texas than we had last year? Absent another deep freeze, the answer is yes. Do we anticipate a better pricing environment across the state? The answer is yes. And do we anticipate seeing more material, not massive amounts, but more going into West Texas year-over-year? The answer to that is yes as well, David. So I hope that helps.

All right. Moving to our last question from Zane Karimi with D.A. Davidson. Your line is open.

Hey, good morning, guys.

Hi, Zane.

Thanks for the color so far. An extension on Courtney's question earlier, but I was just wanting to dive into the new regions that you're now in with the California and Arizona from the Lehigh transaction. In particular, get a better picture on any sort of new challenges you're experiencing in these spots? Any sort of labor constraints that are new or supply deficiencies or the challenges that you experienced in the region?

That's a great question, Zane. The good news is, look, we've had a highly enthusiastic team there that's delighted to be part of Martin Marietta. One of the things that I outlined early on is we achieved world-class safety metrics on both lost time and total case, despite the fact that we had really one of the largest years of M&A in our company's history. The reason that I start out with that is that, to us, is so cultural and so important. When we have colleagues who appreciate the importance of that to us, that's a really good starting point. I think something that we have clearly brought to that, and I think it goes back to the portfolio optimization efforts, we are first and foremost in aggregates business. What I would tell you is we're assuring that our new colleagues in California understand that, that is for us the alpha and the mega of what this business is in so many respects. Being superb operationally is going to be important and vital and absolutely who we are. From a timing perspective, saying, as you would imagine, getting operational improvements isn't as immediate at times as you can get commercial improvements. So what are we happy with? We're very happy to see that the training that we've put in place, the timing that we've put in place and otherwise relative to commercial activity has worked really well. Do we have work ahead of us relative to bringing these sites up to Martin Marietta operational levels? We do. And actually, that's what I see as the good news part of it because we think there are nice things that can be done with this business, not over the near term, but near, medium, and long term. The other piece, and it's not so much a challenge but it's realistic, is we need to make sure that the people who are in that state in business in that state know who we are because relationships are important. We want to grow our business in that state, and we want to grow our business first and foremost in the aggregates line of it. So again, no big surprises there. I think very much what we thought, importantly, the areas that we thought we could make some refinements that can make a difference have been happening so far. So I've been saying thank you for that question, and I hope that response is helpful.

Yes. Very much, sir. Thank you.

You bet. It looks like that's the end of the questions for today. Thank you all for joining today's earnings call. Underpinned by our disciplined execution of our proven strategy and our long-standing capital allocation priorities, we're confident in Martin Marietta's prospects to continue driving sustainable growth and superior shareholder value as we move towards a sustainable future. We look forward to sharing our first quarter 2022 results in just a few months. As always, we are available for any follow-up questions. Thank you for your time and continued support of Martin Marietta. Please stay safe and stay well.

And with that, ladies and gentlemen, we thank you for participating in today's program. You may now disconnect. Have a wonderful day.