Good day, and welcome to QuantumScape Corporation's Third Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. Dan Conway, QuantumScape Corporation's Principal Analyst Investor Relations. You may begin your conference. Thank you, operator.

Afternoon, and thank you to everyone for joining QuantumScape Corporation's third quarter 2025 earnings call. To supplement today's discussion, please go to our IR site at ir.quantumscape.com to view our shareholder letter. Before we begin, I want to call your attention to the Safe Harbor provision for forward-looking statements posted on our website as part of our quarterly update. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events, future technology progress, or future financial or operating performance. Our expectations and beliefs regarding these matters may not materialize. Actual results and financial periods are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. There are risk factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the content of our forward-looking statement for the reasons that we cite in our shareholder letter, Form 10, and other SEC filings, including uncertainties posed by the difficulty in predicting future outcomes. Joining us today will be QuantumScape Corporation's CEO, Dr. Siva Sivaram, and our CFO, Kevin Hettrich. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Siva. Thank you, Dan.

I'd like to begin with one of the highlights of the year. On September 8, at IAA Mobility in Munich, Germany, we unveiled our launch program with the Volkswagen Group. The Ducati V21L race motorcycle, developed as a collaboration among Ducati, Audi, PowerCo, and QuantumScape Corporation. The Ducati V21L is a first-of-its-kind vehicle demonstration planned as a showcase for the exceptional performance of our no-compromise next-generation battery technology. As a launch program, the Ducati V21L is ideal. It is a low-volume but high-visibility demonstration that allows us to put the QSC5 technology into a demanding real-world application. The next step in the Ducati program is field testing. Turning to our annual goals, we are pleased to report that during Q3, we began shipping COBRA-based QSC5 B1 samples, completing another of our key annual goals for 2025. These cells are part of the Ducati launch program and were featured at the IAA Mobility conference. Our remaining operational goal for the year is to install higher volume cell production equipment for our highly automated pilot line in San Jose, named the Eagle Line. Equipment for certain key assembly steps has already been installed on the Eagle Line, and this goal remains on track. Another important goal for 2025 has been to expand our commercial engagement, including deepening relationships with existing customers, engaging new customers, and bringing additional partners into our growing QS technology ecosystem. In Q3, we made substantial progress on all three fronts. With respect to existing customers, the successful launch event with Ducati, Audi, and PowerCo at IAA Mobility was a major milestone in our long collaboration with the Volkswagen Group. Last quarter, we also announced a new joint development agreement with an existing customer, and we are continuing to work closely with them as we progress through the first phase of development and commercialization engagement. We are also in active engagement with a new top 10 global automotive OEM in addition to our existing customers. With regard to QS ecosystem development, we continue to add world-class partners. On September 30, we announced an agreement with Corning to jointly develop ceramic separator manufacturing capabilities based on our COBRA process. Corning is a global leader in advanced materials, and they bring deep expertise in ceramics processing and proven manufacturing excellence to the QS ecosystem. In parallel, we successfully completed the initial phase of our collaboration with Murata Manufacturing, have signed a subsequent contract, and progressed to the next phase of that relationship. Our goal is to make QS technology the clear choice by providing our customers with a turnkey ecosystem to serve the global demand for better batteries. With Murata and Corning, we have two of the most world-renowned technical ceramics manufacturers as ecosystem partners, and we will continue to grow the ecosystem further. With our achievements this quarter, our vision for the commercialization of our next innovation in battery technology is beginning to take shape. We are executing consistently towards our key annual goals, demonstrating our technology, engaging with partners, and building out our capital-light development and licensing business model. Everything starts with execution, and we are proud of our team's performance. This year, we have already accomplished two of our key operational goals, baselining our COBRA process and beginning shipment of the COBRA-based QSC5 cells, continuing our track record of consistent execution against our goals. Q3 also saw our first technology demonstration with the Volkswagen Group, the Ducati V21L. We are expanding our collaboration with existing customers and adding new customers. We have also expanded our global ecosystem of world-class partners. The third quarter also marks another exciting milestone. We are beginning to show returns from our capital-light development and licensing business model, driving over $1 million in customer billings in Q3. Our ambitious targets naturally present many challenges to overcome, and there is much left to do. Our objective is clear: revolutionize energy storage, capitalize on our enormous market opportunity, and create exceptional value for our shareholders. With this aim in mind, we are excited to update shareholders on our continued progress over the months and years to come. With that, let me hand things over to Kevin for a word on our financial outlook. Thank you, Siva.

GAAP operating expenses and GAAP net loss in Q3 were $115 million and $105.8 million, respectively. Adjusted EBITDA loss was $61.4 million in Q3, in line with expectations. A table reconciling GAAP net loss and adjusted EBITDA is available in the financial statement at the end of our shareholder letter. We continue to drive operational efficiency consistent with our capital-light licensing focus. We revised and improved our full-year guidance for adjusted EBITDA loss to $245 million to $260 million. Capital expenditures in the third quarter were $9.6 million. Q3 CapEx primarily supported facilities and equipment purchases for the Eagle Line. As a result of efficiency gains and process improvements, including from the COBRA process, as well as a change in timing of certain equipment ordering, we revised the range of our full-year guidance for CapEx to $30 million to $40 million. In Q3, we bolstered our balance sheet and completed our at-the-market equity program, raising $263.5 million of net proceeds in advance of the August 10 expiration of our shelf registration. We ended the quarter with $1 billion in liquidity. We now project our cash runway extends through the end of the decade, a twelve-month extension from our previous guidance of into 2029. Going forward, we plan to move away from providing updates on cash runway and will begin providing updates on customer billings. Customer billings represent the total value of all invoices issued by QS to our customers and partners in the period, regardless of accounting treatment. Customer billings is a key operational metric meant to give insight into customer activity and future cash inflows. The metric is not a substitute for revenue under US GAAP. Customer billings in Q3 were $12.8 million. In Q3, we invoiced VW PowerCo under the upgraded deal announced in July. The resulting cash inflows benefit QS shareholders. They will be directly reflected on the balance sheet as cash when we receive payment. During the collaboration phase of this particular deal, because of the related party relationship with VW, in accordance with US GAAP, a liability of equivalent value will also be created. QS has no repayment obligation with respect to these liabilities. Once relieved, rather than impacting the P&L, this value will accrue directly to shareholders' equity. Payments from other customers or partners, we expect, will be accounted for differently due to the lack of equity ownership or significant related party ties.

Thanks, Kevin. We'll begin today's Q&A portion with a few questions we've received from investors or that I believe investors would be interested in. Siva, the world's first live demonstration of QS solid lithium metal batteries in a Ducati V21L motorcycle premiered at IAA Mobility on September 9. Why is this such an important milestone? What are the next steps on your commercialization roadmap?

Dan, that announcement and seeing the bike ride across the stage was an emotional moment for all of us at QuantumScape Corporation. And it was obviously a huge milestone for all of our employees, investors, and partners. This is long in the making. Now we'll be demonstrating our battery in the field and gathering as much data as possible from field testing. Stepping back a bit, this was a major step in our strategic blueprint. You can think of this as four tracks that are running in parallel: the Ducati program, our PowerCo relationship, our other customers, and our ecosystem development. With respect to PowerCo more broadly, announced at IAA Mobility, we are working toward automotive-grade standards with the goal of a series production car with QS technology before the end of the decade. With respect to other customers, we are working towards commercialization deals with additional automotive OEMs. And, of course, we are building out our ecosystem with world-class partners like Murata and Corning. That way, we can handle customer automotive demands with a turnkey supply chain to serve the massive and growing demand for our technology. These are the main areas that we have to execute on. Thanks, Siva.

On that note, QS continues to advance discussions with key high-precision ceramic players, most recently announcing an agreement with Corning and advancing our partnership with Murata. How does this fit into the company's overall strategy of building out the QS global partner ecosystem? What are the key benefits of this business model and some potential ways QS may receive economics from these partnerships?

Ben, QS' proprietary ceramic solid-state separator is our core IP. It enables our anode-free architecture and its performance advantage. Our strategy involves partnering with specialized high-precision ceramic manufacturers such as Murata and Corning to scale up separator production. These partners would supply QS separators to cell manufacturers like PowerCo, who would handle final cell assembly. This aggregated model allows QS to leverage the manufacturing expertise and balance sheets of partners with strong reputations in manufacturing as well as IP protection. Ceramic production is a highly specialized skill set, and this allows our cell production partners to focus on their core competency. It accelerates the scale-up of our technology by tapping into their manufacturing capabilities. In short, Corning and Murata are part of a complementary and expanding global ecosystem designed to de-risk scale-up and enable a capital-efficient path to commercialization. We believe each partner contributes unique strengths to help us efficiently scale our separator production into high volumes. As you would expect, we are continuing to build out the entire QS ecosystem with additional partners.

And just to add on to that, in the fullness of time, the ecosystem would represent a third source of cash inflow under our capital-light development and licensing business model. The first is monetizing collaboration and customization work with our OEM partners. The second and largest source of inflows would be licensing as our customers produce cells using our technology. The third one would be value sharing from our ecosystem partners.

Thanks, Kevin. Can you expand further on customer billings as a key operational metric? How do customer billings translate into cash inflows? First, to expand on the significance of customer billings.

Our first-ever invoices totaling $12.8 million in Q3 2025 are by themselves an important commercial milestone in the history of our company. It's nice to have arrived at the chapter where we're billing customers. I'd also highlight to investors that customer billings are evidence of our capital-light business model at work. On the front end, we monetize development activities for our customers to tailor our core technology to meet their specific needs. Subsequently, as the customer ramps production, we realize royalties over the lifetime of the project. As we continue to develop further generations of our technology, we'll seek to maintain these lines of business to generate consistent and compelling cash flows. Payment for development activities has the benefit of being near-term. The royalty payments represent the majority of the value capture opportunity through a consistent long-term stream of high gross margin revenue. Value sharing from ecosystem partners represents further opportunity for shareholder returns. I'd also ask investors to keep four things in mind when interpreting our customer billings metric. First, the metric is not a substitute for revenue under US GAAP. Second, the accounting for individual customer billings may differ significantly. Third, the amounts billed to customers may vary from quarter to quarter due to fluctuations in activity as we progress through various phases of an agreed scope of work. Lastly, it is important to note that future cash inflows can diverge from customer billings, for example, as a result of timing differences, payment terms, prepaid customer deposits, or any adjustments to final payment amounts.

Okay. Thanks so much, Kevin. Now ready to begin the live portion of today's call. Operator, please open up the line for questions.

Thank you. If you are called upon to ask your question and are listening via speakerphone on your device, please pick up your handset and ensure that your phone is not on mute when asking your question. To be able to take as many questions as possible, we ask that you please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. Again, our first question comes from the line of Winnie Dong with Deutsche Bank. Your line is open.

Hi. Thank you guys so much for hosting. First question is, I was hoping you can help me understand a bit more about the joint development of the ceramic separators with Corning, which you recently announced. If you can help me sort of understand maybe some similarities and differences in comparison to Murata. And then on Murata itself, you say you've successfully completed the initial phase of collaboration and then signed a subsequent contract. I was hoping if you can also help me better understand the nature of the agreement, perhaps some details of the economics or the technology know-how in terms of the transfer of it? That's my first question. Thank you.

Winnie, thank you. Thanks for the question. As you pointed out, this is an extremely important part of our business model to bring an ecosystem together for QS. Ceramic manufacturing is, as I mentioned earlier, an extremely specialized skill set. We want to bring people with us who can manufacture in high volume, taking our COBRA process and ramping it into the volume and using their balance sheet to put capital in building these factories up. When we started out with Murata about nine months ago, we both entered into a development agreement where they came in to evaluate what we needed to do, what they need to do, etc. They concluded that we entered into the next system where we start to ramp our relationship into a much higher level with commitments of volumes, etc. They understand what the volumes involved are and what our customers' needs are, etc. So we are getting to be in that phase. We can take COBRA and ramp in volume. We have been working with Corning throughout this time as well. Corning had also been under an early development contract with us, and then we came into a more detailed relationship as we announced in early September. The reason we need them is, as you would think, it's pretty obvious, the opportunity is so large that it is good for us to have two suppliers. Initially, they'll be complementary in different aspects of ceramic processing. I expect over the long term to have a much larger portion that each one of them does. Both of them are extraordinarily competent manufacturing partners, and they are excited to be part of this relationship. I spent time with both CEOs at length, and they are very, very eager to get launched into high volume production and work with our big OEM partners.

That's very helpful. Thank you. And then the second question is the new metric that you just introduced, the customer billing metric. I was wondering if you can give us maybe a rough idea on the conversion time to revenue or to collection of those funds. And then is that sort of the main metric you will be providing over time as opposed to sort of bringing out what revenue could look like in the next maybe one to two years or so? I just wanted to understand that dynamic a little bit better. And then I think last quarter, you mentioned there is some investigation being done in terms of revenue recognition. I was hoping if you can also tie that into your response. Thank you.

Hi, Winnie. So, just to outline back the question parts, there was a going to the definition of customer billings, talk about their importance, and also on the accounting treatment of VW PowerCo. So I'll take them in order. Just to be on the same page, we define customer billings as the total value of all invoices issued by QS to our customers and partners in the period, regardless of accounting treatment. Where we hope it's useful to investors is it's a key operational metric to get insight into customer activity and into future cash inflows. I think you also had a question about how those translate into the timing of cash flow payments. There, I did mention in my remarks that you could see a divergence from billings to future cash inflows for a variety of reasons. Could include things like timing differences in payment from customers, prepaid customer deposits, adjustments to final payment amounts, typical operational considerations there. You asked about the importance. First of all, it is very nice to be in this chapter where we're doing work of value to customers and billing them for it. That's a nice moment for our company. On the VW PowerCo treatment, the way that the accounting works is the cash inflows, of course, at a broader perspective benefit QuantumScape Corporation shareholders. They'll be reflected on the balance sheet as cash when we receive them. During the collaboration phase of the VW PowerCo deal, because of the related party relationship with VW, in accordance with US GAAP, a liability of equivalent value will also be created. A reminder to shareholders, we do not have a repayment obligation with respect to these liabilities. Upon relief of the liability, rather than impacting the P&L, this value will accrue directly to shareholders' equity. This accounting treatment is specific to the collaboration phase of VW PowerCo. Payments from other customers or partners we expect to be accounted for differently due to the lack of equity ownership or significant related party ties.

Got it. That's very helpful. Thank you. I'll pass it on.

Our next question comes from the line of Jed Dorsheimer with William Blair. Your line is open.

Hi, everybody. You have Mark Shooter on for Jed Dorsheimer. Congrats on the progress and especially the Ducati demo. It's always a lot of learnings in actually creating the pack and integration. So, congrats on that. During that presentation, VW mentioned cells and EVs by the end of the decade. If we were to take this as 2029, does this track with your development timeline? So if we're assuming that these samples meet all the required cell specs, and a C-sample stage gate is when you're producing those cells at scale. Four to five years seems a bit longer than we expected. What do you think are the remaining technical boxes that need to be checked? Is there any opportunity to pull this forward with VW? Or potentially a little competition with the other two customer engagements you have ongoing?

Mark, thanks for the question. By the way, just to be technically correct, the end of the decade is 2029. So just to make sure we don't add an extra year into the calendar. The second thing is, look, actual prioritization belongs to the customer, and they announce plans the way they see it. Our job is to make sure we are going all out. We do everything that we can to make sure they are able to ramp as fast as they can. We are working hand in glove very closely with Volkswagen PowerCo. They know exactly the status of the industrialization because we are working closely with them. We will continue to do that. Now in parallel, when we go work with the new customers that we are talking about, both with an existing customer and the new customer, it's a completely independent path from what we are doing with Volkswagen. We don't try to create competition for our customers, but we work very, very, very closely with each customer, adapting our technical roadmap to their product roadmap. So work goes on in real-time so that we can get to market as quickly as possible. As Kevin points out, in the meantime, they continue to pay us for the development activity that we do together.

Appreciate the color. Thanks, Siva. 2029 it is. I didn't mean to assume 2030 there. Just it's not bad. I was that would be a separate track here. One engineering group grew to another before the end of the decade. December 30 worst 12/31/2029. Got it. Loud and clear. About the VW relationship as well, in the last iteration of this, there was some space left in for other potential applications where VW could source cells and sell to other markets potentially. Was this written in to give space to the Ducati program? Or should we be looking at even more adjacent markets? Is there any potential there?

Yeah. I actually do not want to, again, talk for the customer. But you are absolutely right. We are looking at non-Volkswagen Group applications as well into that contract. The Ducati being part of the Volkswagen Group would be included in the regular production. We do expect to have partnerships across independent of the Volkswagen Group with other new customers and customers working with PowerCo that we both work together.

Our next question comes from the line of Delaney with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Hey guys, you have Aman Gupta on for Mark. Thanks. Congrats on the progress. Maybe on the other two customers that you mentioned in your prepared remarks, Siva, could you maybe help us get a sense of where the JDA stands with the customer you announced last quarter and what needs to happen to get that to a more complete commercial agreement? And similarly, on the top 10 global auto OEM, you mentioned you're in active engagement with what it would take to go from the active engagement to a licensing or a JDA agreement? Thanks.

Aman, thanks for the question. Of course, we are very excited about these two additional opportunities. We have been alluding to them over the last couple of quarters as to their maturation. We've been already in active engagement with them. As always, we let the OEMs do the announcement, and we follow them. You saw that at the IAA Mobility, we had Volkswagen come out and talk in detail about how they are taking the product into different applications that they have in mind. The same way, we will be doing that with these two as well. As much as I would love to talk about it ahead of time, it would not be appropriate for me to come and tell you how they are doing. But you will see over time as they start to talk about it more and more, you will get a clearer idea of who they are, what they are doing, and how they are doing. I'm very excited about these prospects.

Thank you for that call, everyone. Maybe secondly, on this partnership approach, recognizing the Corning and Murata relationships for the ceramic separator, I think you mentioned the possibility of expanding the ecosystem to other areas for QS. Can you give us a sense of what areas you might be looking to include for partnerships? And what the kind of structure of these partnerships looks like from maybe a financial standpoint as well? Thank you.

Yeah. I'll start with the partnership, and then Kevin will give you the financial impact of those. Look, we are developing a technology ground up that is very, very different in both its potential capabilities and scale-up from regular battery technologies. So wherever possible, we like to include competent and reliable partners from the ecosystem to be with us to invest capital. We talked about these two with respect to the ceramic separators. Have the high-touch transfer. When we develop this no-compromise solution, we want to be able to give them whether it is materials, equipment, processing, software, or metrology. We want to wrap all of this together in a package that they can ramp. In each of these, where we have original IP and unique capabilities, we like partners to come along with us. We want to make it as easy as possible for our OEM customers to ramp production quickly. It would behoove us to bring these partners along. We continue to evaluate additional partners to join the team, and you can see the quality and caliber of the partners that we choose to work with us.

On the finance side, as much as the cell is differentiated, their solid-state lithium metal technology, the energy density, the charge time, and the safety, we think that we're equally proud of the business model as well. We think that's good for shareholders. It's capital-light. It helps us focus on where we think we add value the most, which is in innovation and customer empowerment. It allows each member of our cell manufacturer customer ecosystem player to play to their strengths, which we think is in terms of time and effectiveness and risk-adjusted path to market. Best, and in terms of how our QuantumScape Corporation shareholders see value from that, it really comes from three ways. The differentiation of the self-performance creates value, and our shareholders capture it in three ways. The first would be the monetization of the collaboration work. You saw that in the quarter, $12.8 million of customer billings, longer-term licensing when our customers are producing cells from their factories, we'd get a licensing stream. And then finally, would be value sharing with our ecosystem partners. That together, we think, each of those is important in itself and also gives a robustness to our approach.

Thank you.

And as a reminder, it is. And with no further questions at this time, I will now turn the conference back over to QuantumScape Corporation management for closing remarks.

Thank you, operator. Finally, today, I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate the entire QS team on their outstanding performance this quarter, the execution that they have shown making this IAA announcement so powerful and well-received. And as always, thank you to our shareholders for their continued support. We look forward to updating you on further progress in the months to come. Thank you.

And ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's call, and we thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.