Good day, and welcome to QuantumScape's first quarter 2026 earnings conference call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. After the speaker's presentation, there will be a question and answer session. To ask a question during this session, you'll need to press star 11 on your telephone. If your question has been answered and you'd like to remove yourself from the queue, simply press star 11 again. As a reminder, today's program is being recorded. And now I'd like to introduce your host for today's program, Sam Kamara. QuantumScape Senior Director, Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, Operator. Good afternoon, and thank you to everyone for joining QuantumScape's first quarter 2026 earnings call. To supplement today's discussion, please go to our Investor Relations website at ir.quantumscape.com to view our share of the letter. Before we begin, I want to call your attention to the Safe Harbor provision for forward-looking statements that is posted on our website as part of our quarterly update. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events future technology progress or future financial or operating performance our expectations and beliefs regarding these matters may not materialize actual results and financial periods are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected there are risk factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from the content of our forward looking statements for the reasons that we cite in our shell the letter from 10k and other sec filings including uncertainties posed by the difficulty in predicting future outcomes. Joining us today will be Quantumscape CEO Dr. Seba Sivaram and our CFO Kevin Ettrick. With that I'd like to turn the call over to Seba. Thank you Sam. First an update on our

Eagle line. This is our highly automated pilot production line to demonstrate scalable production of our solid-state lithium metal battery technology. In Q1 we completed the installation of the Eagle line and commenced startup operations. We are producing initial volumes of QSC 5 cells, and we have been working to continuously improve all aspects of Eagle line functionality, such as equipment uptime, line throughput, control systems, and process stability. We have been integrating advanced AI models into the Eagle line, and we have seen substantive progress on cell quality and reliability. We believe that the increased production capacity of the Eagle Line will help drive a virtuous cycle of higher data volume, more rapid learning cycle, and enhanced quality. In Q2, we plan to ramp QSC-5 cell production to support customer programs across automotive and other applications. Development work for EV applications remains our core focus and our largest source of customer billing. We continue to work closely with the Volkswagen Group's Power Co. as we advance to the phases of our automotive commercialization roadmap. The next phase is field testing. Sales from the Eagle line will be put through a demanding set of real-world test conditions, and that customer feedback will be used to learn and iterate. Beyond our work with Volkswagen, in Q1, we shipped cells to an automotive JDA partner for testing. We continued to work through our two JDAs with top 10 global automotive OEMs to bring our solid-state lithium metal technology into their vehicle programs. In addition, this quarter, we successfully completed our technology evaluation with another top 10 global automotive OEM customer. their engineers performed hands-on testing of our technology and ran competitive benchmarks against other solid-state technology approaches. With the success of this effort, we are moving into the next phase of this engagement, joint development activities with the ultimate goal of deploying QS technology in their automotive and other applications. Next, an update on our QS ecosystem. This is the cornerstone of our capital-like business model. By teaming up with world-class companies across the value chain, we can bring our technology to global scale faster and more efficiently. These alliances are a force multiplier for our commercialization effort as we distribute our technology know-how to trusted partners. We continue to work closely with both Murata Manufacturing and Corning on scaling a production of our solid ceramic separator using our groundbreaking COBRA process to build the global value chain necessary for gigawatt-hour scale production of QS technology. Our ecosystem partners are also investing in QS proprietary hardware and systems to produce our ceramic separator. We see this as a clear sign of their commitment to our ecosystem, as well as a source of customer billing. In Q1, we recorded our first customer billing from our ecosystem. Next, a word on new markets. We believe our high-performance solid-state design has compelling attributes to address the evolving energy storage needs of AI data centers, where conventional lithium-ion technology faces safety and performance limitations. Driven by massive compute demand, data centers are transitioning to 800-volt DC designs and adopting power systems architecture and technology from the electric vehicle industry. We see this as a natural fit for our no-compromised solid-state battery. battery, in-rack energy storage, and power delivery is a large and fast-growing market and the higher energy density of our battery technology can enable increased compute density for AI factories. In addition, we have seen strong customer interest in our battery technology from global players in the military, aerospace, and government sectors. battery technology unlaps step change improvements in both energy density and power simultaneously. Combined with the superior safety of our solid state design, this is a highly attractive combination for these advanced applications. Our anode-free architecture also has supply chain benefits for these customers. Conventional lithium-ion batteries require graphite that is almost exclusively sourced from China. In contrast, our battery design is graphite free, eliminating a major pain point for defense application. To conclude, I want to take a moment to look at the big picture. The world's energy system is experiencing rapid change. The way we produce, store, and use energy is undergoing a once-in-a-century transformation. From electric vehicles and AI data centers to grid storage, drones, and aerospace, the future of the world economy is being built on electrification. Electrotech. To give just one example, the speed of change and growth in the AI data center market is breathtaking. The technology of the past is struggling to keep up, and innovations in energy storage are essential to this transformational change. Thanks to our years of careful planning, consistent execution, and constancy of vision, QS is in the middle of this electro-tech story. From geopolitical disruptions to the energy system and supply chain risks for critical materials to the explosive growth of electrification across the world economy, the tailwinds for our technology have never been stronger. We believe we have the differentiated technology, world-class team, ecosystem partners, and customer relationships to capitalize on this revolution. Even as we tackle the challenges still ahead, our dedicated team is motivated by a market opportunity that is global in scale and growing every day. We look forward to updating you on our progress over the months to come. With that, I'll turn things over to Kevin for a word on our financial outlook.

Thank you, Siva. GAAP operating expenses and GAAP net loss in Q1 were 109.2 million and 100.8 million respectively. Adjusted EBITDA loss was $63.2 million in Q1, in line with expectations. For full year 2026, we reiterate our adjusted EBITDA loss guidance of between $250 million and $275 million. A table reconciling gap net loss and adjusted EBITDA is available in the financial statement at the end of this shareholder letter. Capital expenditures in the first quarter were $10 million. Q1 CapEx was primarily composed of final payments related to the Eagle Line. For full year 2026, we reiterate our capital guidance of between $40 million and $60 million. Customer billings for Q1 were $11 million, representing a mix of customer development activities and ecosystem partner payments. Customer billings as a metric represents the total value of all invoices issued by QS to our customers and partners in the period, regardless of accounting treatment. As a reminder, customer billings may vary from quarter to quarter due to fluctuations in activity as we progress through various phases of engagement. Customer billings is a key operational metric meant to give insight into customer activity and future cash inflows. The metric is not a substitute for revenue under US GAAP. We ended Q1 with 904.7 million in liquidity and will remain prudent with our strong balance sheet going forward. As always, we encourage investors to read more on our financial information, business outlook, and risk factors in our quarterly and annual SEC filings on our investor relations website.

Thanks, Kevin. We'll begin today's Q&A portion with a few questions we have received from investors or that I believe would interest investors. Siva, you've outlined our strategic blueprint and laid out our 2026 goals. With the first quarter behind us, can you describe the progress on our core annual goals? Thank you, Sam.

The Eagle Line is central to us. We are using the Eagle Line to demonstrate scalable production so that our licensing customers can take our technology and scale it up. You can measure progress in two ways, the technical side and the commercial side. On the technical side, the Eagle 9 is making the expected progress as we ramp up. The team has been doing great work together with PowerCore. The day-to-day is all about getting the details right. Equipment uptime, line throughput, control systems, process stability, and so on. The improvements we have made in reliability are enabled by some of our new AI models that take data from our metrology, make determinations about the quality faster, more accurately, and more consistently than a human could possibly do. This enables an accelerated feedback and feed forward loop, which drives the continuous improvement cycle faster. We ship samples in Q1. And in Q2, we'll be ramping to support more shipments. That's the technical side. On the overall commercial side, we have great customer traction across major geographies in the automotive business, Europe, North America, and Japan. We are working closely with VW on field testing in the near term, leading to large-scale production transfer. We have shipped cells to an auto JDA partner, successfully completed a technology evaluation with an additional top 10 automaker. All told, that's four of the top 10 that are well engaged in our auto pipeline. We are seeing our ecosystem business model also gaining momentum. Our ecosystem partners are making investments in hardware and systems to make our technology, which shows their commitment to the opportunity. Not only that, but these investments are beginning to flow through into QS customer billing. Our work on automotive, ecosystem engagements, and the higher throughput of the Eagle line comes together to give us the resources that we need to go after some new markets as well. Thanks Siva. On the new markets you've described,

what makes the opportunity in AI data centers and defense interesting?

Sam, we think the opportunity for our technology in AI data centers is obvious and compelling. It's early days, but right now I would call it a great addition to our automotive portfolio. It checks all the boxes, the size of spend in the market, the growth, the product market fit and our ability to create and capture value. The requirements for in-rack power solutions align well with our technology. You need better energy density to increase the compute density of the data center. You need the power performance, charge and discharge, to provide power smoothing for these AI workloads, which from the battery's point of view is almost like being on a racetrack. safety really matters for a data center where operating temperatures are higher and a fire in a gpu rack could easily cost millions in damage and downtime our differentiated technology allows us to do things traditional lithium ion cannot do better performance with better safety lets you get closer to the system and provide power over the last meter we are staffing up for this opportunity as well as other markets like military, aviation, and space. We have added Ross Niebergaard to the board and Dr. Mark Mabry as an advisor to help us with these opportunities. And their expertise and networks are extremely valuable. We are really excited about these new markets and we'll be shipping samples from Eagle Line to meet the increasing inbound customer interest.

We reported our first customer billings from Ecosystem Partners this quarter. Can you explain why that milestone matters and what it demonstrates about the longer-term economics of our business model?

Our first customer billings from Ecosystem Partners are an important milestone for three reasons. First, this is an indicator of ecosystem investment in our technology platform. We believe this accumulation of investment by partners is an amplifier that is a strength of our Capital Light business model. Second, these billions are an additional source of cash flow into the company as we transfer equipment, processes, and know-how that enable our partners to move faster while retaining QS ownership of the core technology. Third, similar to our business model with customers, we plan to earn longer-term ecosystem licensing payments and royalties. We believe these ecosystem payments will be an important driver of shareholder value creation. As a reminder, we define customer billings as the total value of all invoices issued by QS to our customers and ecosystem partners during the period, regardless of accounting treatment. This is an operational indicator rather than a substitute for GAAP revenue. The amounts and accounting treatment can vary by agreement and by quarter, but taken together, we believe they demonstrate growing external validation of our technology and the flexibility of our business model as we scale.

Okay, thanks so much, Kevin. We're now ready to begin the live portion of today's call. Operator, please open up the line for questions.

Certainly. And our first question for today comes from the line of Winnie Dung from Deutsche Bank. Your question, please.

Hi, thank you for taking my call, my question, sorry. I was wondering if you can potentially qualitatively characterize the ramp of QSE 5 production in 2Q. It seems like there's going to be some steep, I guess, quarter-over-quarter improvement in terms of the output, but was wondering if you can characterize it for us, perhaps like qualitatively or even directionally.

Thank you. Winnie, yes, we are beginning the ramp of the Eagle line in Q2. As you would expect with a highly automated line such as the Eagle line, once we have installed and started beginning the initial volume of cells we need to continuously improve the uptime the throughput the control systems the process stability all of this to continuously improve and then there is a ongoing demand for samples from our automotive customers and from these new markets that we are attempting to enter and these demands pile up. So Q2 we begin ramping and we'll continue to go up satisfying these demands through the rest of the year. That gives you a good feel for how fast we are ramping the Eagle Line, Winnie. Okay, got it. And then

second question is on the expansion to new markets. It seems like you think the the cells can really be, you know, used for energy storage and data center. Maybe can you talk about some of the potential investments that you might need to put into this? And then what kind of time frame we're looking at in terms of, you know, launching a potential product for that. Is it, does it need like some substantial change in terms of the technology and product? or is it, you know, an easy sort of like transfer into that market?

Yeah, that's a very interesting question, Winnie. Most of the learning from automotive business transfers here. The data center market is going into the 800 volt architecture and many of the requirements are very similar with respect to energy density and power density and cycling life, et cetera. However, the most important thing we have to offer in addition is the safety and the no-compromise nature of the product. Meaning you don't have to sacrifice performance for safety. You can have the product as close to the compute as possible. This is what we mean by last meter power. And in all of these AI data centers and AI factories, what you need is to be able to maximize the compute density. And so the ability of ourselves to be close and deliver high quality last mile, last meter power is what makes us very attractive and it is a natural transition from the automotive

product to the data center product. And, Winnie, I'm happy to take the capital allocation part of the question. As you know, our strategy is to develop technology platforms that serve multiple markets. The bulk of the investment goes into developing a platform. It's more incremental to tailor a product and to engage customers. And where we see incremental investment opportunities in the best interest of shareholders, of course, we're going to go after them. We're very excited about the new high-value markets that we mentioned in the letter and in our remarks. And as a reminder, one of our goals, number three, is to expand into high-value markets. Our annual operating plan and the financial guidance upon which it's based already contemplate that. And in today's call, we reiterated our adjusted EBITDA guidance, our CapEx guidance, and we also reiterate that we are tracking to our year-over-year increase in customer billings, all reiterated on today's call.

Got it. Awesome. Thank you so much for taking my questions. Thanks. I'll pass it on.

Thank you, Manny. Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Ben Callow from Baird. Your question, please.

Hey, good afternoon. Good evening, guys. Thanks for taking my question, and congrats on the first billings. Just maybe on the last question, if you could expand this, would it be similar in a license model, or is it something that you could do on your PowerCo with the expanded purview that you guys did a while back?

Well, it's exactly correct. So we will be looking at both of those. Initially, the samples will come out of the Eagle line. Additionally, PowerCo has five gigawatt hours of capacity reserved for markets outside the automotive. And we will continue to find other opportunities for these markets as well and so all of these are as you said right in our path of how we want to take it through the ecosystem also plays a big role our ability to ramp the separated production from either corning or murata helps with this and we expect to see the same phenomena to happen with our equipment and materials partner who all will help us with this ramp and then just

Thank you for that. Just moving on to the other auto OEMs that you're working with. Could you just talk about, you know, kind of what, if there is, you know, kind of a view on the progression of turning those to a formal licensing partner with the JDA to the formal licensing partner, like a time frame or any kind of like what they're looking for to solidify that relationship? Ben, thank you, guys.

Yeah. Ben, thank you. Thanks for the question. Yes. Up front I want to say four of the top ten Otto Williams in the world are now actively involved with us across the major geographies, North America, Japan, and of course Europe with Volkswagen. And in all cases we are carefully going up the progress with evaluation to joint development working towards licensing as you know Volkswagen is the most advanced in that relationship the others are well on their way for us to progress towards getting a license from them and all of these of course run through the eagle line the eagle line makes the difference in our ability to sample and move this process along towards licensing and our next question comes from the

line of Mark Shooter from William Blair. Your question, please. Hey, team. Thanks for taking

my question. And Kevin, it was great to see you at the conference. Congrats on all the progress this quarter and the Eagle line and the new auto engagement. So regarding the OEMs and the field testing is the next step. My understanding is that you'll need to size up the cell from the QSE5 to fit into VW's unified cell architecture. So do you still need to do that for field testing with them, or are they now taking the QSC-5 to field test, or is another customer that you're working with leapfrogging VW and beating them to field testing?

Mark, a very interesting question. Yes, we are field testing with the QSC-5, as we demonstrated with the Ducati bike last year and onwards they will be field testing. But you are absolutely right. VW has the unified cell to work with, and they are working closely with us to design that cell as well. And I expect that each one of our OEM customers will want their specific form factors as well. And we work with each of them. This is one of the biggest advantages of the licensing business model is that our separator can handle all these form factors, but they will be working with us on how to ramp on their specific needs.

Great, Siva, thank you. That's very helpful. Switching to, you know, some other markets here, it's very evident where you're trying to go by the people you've added to the board with the former military defense contractors. So, you know, I'll ask about the potential drone market in aerospace and defense. Your auto sample cell, the QSC-5, has a significant performance advantage for autos. But I'm wondering if there's some juice left, per se, and if you were to redesign that for a drone spec, because drones, they require a higher specific energy density, but also they don't need as much cycle life. So I'm wondering if there's knobs to turn, like separator thickness and cell packaging, where that could give you some torque on some performance improvements.

You are 100% correct, Mark. One of our goals for this year is go beyond QSC. As we keep repeating, we are just at the start of this S-curve. There are many levers still left to move us up the performance curve. And please allow us to come and show you what we are developing sometime later this year. And they will be applicable not just to the drone market, but to all other markets as well. So we will continue to push the technology frontier for all of this. The separator technology, the ceramic separator, is the key to our cell's architecture and its performance. And we will continue to evolve in all friends to make the cells adapted to different applications. Appreciate the time. Thank you, Siva.

Thank you. And as a reminder, ladies and gentlemen, if you do have a question at this time, please press star 11 on your telephone. Our next question comes from the line of Mark Delaney from Goldman Sachs. Your question, please.

Hi. Good afternoon. You've got Aiyush Ghosh on for Mark Delaney. Thank you for taking the questions. On billings, how should we think about the potential increases in billings going forward, considering you recorded the first billings from the ecosystem and also with the new JDA and other

non-auto end markets? Aiyush, thank you for the question. In fiscal year 2025, we recorded approximately 19.5 million in customer billings. In Q1 26 on this call, we recorded 11 million in the quarter. If you recall, our guidance is to increase billings year over year, 2026 compared to 2025. And we reiterate that guidance today. Got it. Thank you for that. And then separately,

you also mentioned you transitioned from the technology evaluation to the JDA with the top 10 oem and congrats on that can you sort of speak on some of the benchmarking tests what they were and how qs performed and also what some of the initial feedback was yes i would love to talk

about it um these are hands-on in-lab evaluation by these customer engineers in our pilot facilities They spend a lot of time working with us, making the cells and measuring them here. And they have a lot of experience in solid-state in their own labs and of course all OEMs kick the tires from around the world. And these are top 10 OEMs, they are not novices to this technology and they get actively involved And for us to feel good about moving to the next state, that makes us feel good and sort of ratifies our own confidence in how far we have been in this differentiated technology.

Thank you for the time.

Thank you. And our next question comes from the line of Laisha Zak from HSBC. Your question, please.

Hi, Ziva. Can you hear me?

Yes. Hi, Laisha.

How are you? Thanks for taking my question. I just have one very quick on timing. I wanted to know how does going into these new markets change the timeframes that you've set for your automotive goals? Are these new possibilities using some of the human capital that you've destined for automotive and the teams that you have established for automotive? Or are you going to start to expand your workforce, your teams, your, you know, resources? Like, how does this work? How should you think about it?

Laisha, a great question. The automotive marketplace still remains an important focus for us. We are adding these additional markets to our automotive portfolio. we are adding customers in the automotive marketplace four of the top ten are joining us so it is not like we are taking our eye away from the ball with respect to the automotive marketplace however these new big growing marketplaces with respect to data center and defense airspace are very good fits for our product so as Kevin mentioned earlier at the start of the year we We had looked at these markets and appropriately sized our resourcing for this as part of our annual operating plan. So we have well resources and we'll continue to invest as needed. This is not an either or. We are looking at both of these opportunities with capturing and creating and capturing shareholder value.

Okay. Thank you so much. That makes a lot of fun.

Thank you, Laisha. Thank you. This does conclude the question-and-answer session of today's program. I'd like to hand the program back to Sivisivaram for any further remarks.

Thank you, Operator. Finally, today I want to recognize the entire QS team for their execution and thank our shareholders for their continued support. We look forward to updating you on our progress in the months ahead. Thank you.

Thank you, ladies and gentlemen, for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program. You may now disconnect. Good day.