Good morning, and welcome to AT&T's Fourth Quarter 2024 Earnings Call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. Following the presentation, the call will be open for questions. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference call over to your host, Brett Feldman, Senior Vice President, Finance and Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you, and good morning. Welcome to our fourth quarter call. I'm Brett Feldman, Head of Investor Relations for AT&T. Joining me on the call today are John Stankey, our CEO; and Pascal Desroches, our CFO. Before we begin, I need to call your attention to our safe harbor statement. It says that some of our comments today may be forward-looking. As such, they're subject to risks and uncertainties described in AT&T's SEC filings, and results may differ materially. Additional information as well as our earnings materials are available on the Investor Relations website. With that, I'll turn the call over to John Stankey. John?

Thanks, Brett. I appreciate you joining us. I hope you'll find there aren't going to be any surprises on today's call. We finished 2024 strong, as we said we would at our Analyst and Investor Day in December. We achieved full year results that are in line or better than all the consolidated financial guidance we provided at the beginning of the year. Before I cover our accomplishments, I'd like to extend my heartfelt sympathies to everyone in Southern California. Our thoughts and prayers are with all those people whose lives, homes, and families have been deeply impacted by the most destructive wildfires in modern U.S. history. In these moments, the importance of connection becomes increasingly apparent. And I'd like to thank our teams for their commitment to keeping customers, communities, and first responders connected in the face of this historic devastation. Now turning to our 2024 performance. Our team delivered another solid year as they again drove durable 5G and fiber subscriber growth. In Mobility, our consistent go-to-market strategy continues to resonate as more customers are choosing and staying with AT&T. Last year, we had about 1.7 million postpaid phone net additions with service revenue growth of 3.5%. We also expect to lead the industry in postpaid phone churn for the 14th time in the last 16 quarters and to lead the industry on an annual basis for the fourth straight year. This is an impressive winning run in wireless. And as you've heard me say before, where we have fiber, we win as well. We've now added 1 million or more AT&T Fiber subscribers for a remarkable seven straight years. It's clear that fiber is the best broadband alternative technology available, and this was validated by Ookla just last week when they named AT&T Fiber America's fastest Internet with the most reliable speeds. Following another strong quarter for both AT&T Fiber and AT&T Internet Air, we've now achieved six consecutive quarters of positive broadband net adds. Once again, we demonstrated our ability to grow in a healthy and sustainable manner by adding valuable subscribers while simultaneously simplifying experiences and processes for our customers and employees. You see the results of these efforts in the margin expansion and free cash flow growth we delivered in 2024, as we outlined at our Analyst and Investor Day. We expect these trends will continue. Our investment in 5G and fiber is fueling this sustained growth. This is why we're so focused on building a durable franchise for the long term. Our deliberate and balanced approach to capital allocation is putting us on a strong foundation to deliver attractive returns for years to come. With about $22 billion in capital investment last year, we again invested at the top of the industry as we continue to focus on building the largest, highest capacity, lowest marginal cost, converged broadband network in the country. Investing to build a truly differentiated network will provide long-term benefits to AT&T and the many customers, businesses, and communities we serve. And if the new Trump administration is successful in extending expiring tax incentives this year, we feel there's ample opportunity for even more investment in U.S. communications infrastructure. Ultimately, we did what we said we would last year, and as a result, we exited 2024 in a stronger competitive position. We still have a few things to accomplish. In 2025, we'll focus on executing against the priorities we laid out at our Analyst and Investor Day. This starts with our customers. We plan to grow 5G and fiber subscribers by offering an elevated customer experience with a compelling opportunity to enjoy both of these connectivity services from one provider. We remain focused on growing our business the right way, which we expect to achieve by gaining profitable customers and operating our business more efficiently. In December, we established a new $3 billion-plus run rate cost savings target that runs through the end of 2027. In 2025, we'll make progress on this goal by further integrating AI throughout our operations. We also expect to realize cost savings as we evolve our technology stacks and work to exit our legacy copper network operations across the large majority of our wireline footprint by the end of 2029. Last month, we received FCC approval to begin the process to stop selling, transition, and discontinue legacy voice services and a small number of wire centers, utilizing our AT&T phone advanced service as a replacement. This was an important first step to establish a template that supports a deliberate and planned transition to a more capable and modern communications infrastructure. Within the next few weeks, we will make detailed filings with the FCC to stop selling legacy products in about 1,300 wire centers, which is about a quarter of the wire centers across our footprint. We look forward to working with the FCC to accelerate and advance policies and actions that stimulate investment in modernization of the U.S. communications infrastructure. On the investment front, we anticipate capital investment in the $22 billion range again this year, as we invest in modernizing our wireless network and expanding where we're able to offer fiber. We also expect to achieve our target of net debt to adjusted EBITDA in the 2.5 times range in the first half of this year. This keeps us on pace to commence common stock repurchases using our initial Board approved tranche of approximately $10 billion during the second half of 2025. This is part of a broader $40 billion-plus shareholder return plan that we expect to deliver over the next three years, which includes more than $20 billion in total dividend payments and an overall capacity for about $20 billion in share repurchases. Under this plan, we also have an additional $10 billion in incremental financial flexibility to pursue strategic opportunities, improve our balance sheet, or deliver further capital returns to shareholders. Now before I wrap, I'd like to finish where I started, with the customer and briefly share how the AT&T guarantee builds on the vision we shared with you in December. Over the past several years, we've pivoted the AT&T brand by using our deep knowledge and insights to orient our services around putting our customers and what they want first. This has led to improvements in how customers feel about AT&T, as evidenced by our broadband customer satisfaction leadership, our improving wireless Net Promoter Scores, and our overall continued low churn. After over a year of research and preparation, we are taking the important step to establish a platform to differentiate our brand in the marketplace with the AT&T guarantee. AT&T is the first and only telecommunications company to offer a guarantee for both its wireless and fiber network. The AT&T guarantee is a bold promise to our customers that we will deliver connectivity that they can depend on, deals they want, and the prompt, friendly service they deserve, or we'll make things right if we fall short. With the AT&T guarantee, customers have peace of mind that the company stands behind our products and services in a way that no one else in our industry is doing. Our guarantee is a truly converged full company effort. It spans across both wireless and fiber, covering both consumers and small businesses. And with enterprise customers, we remain committed to providing high-quality service and our contractual agreements as we always have. We were able to offer this unique promise to our customers because we own and operate scaled 5G and fiber networks, where we control the network architecture, operations, and end-to-end customer experience. This allows us to provide a proactive and compelling customer guarantee that's tough to beat and an internal operating posture that focuses all of AT&T's employees on getting it right for our customers. We feel confident that our customers will repay us with loyalty, and we can attract new customers as well. So in summary, we have a clear strategy in place to advance the plan we shared at our Analyst and Investor Day. We have the right people, capabilities, and differentiated assets to achieve our goals in 2025 and beyond. With that, I'll turn it over to Pascal. Pascal?

Thank you, John, and good morning, everyone. Let's start by reviewing our fourth quarter financial summary on Slide 8. Overall, we're really pleased with how our team closed out the year as we continue to grow subscribers profitably. Fourth quarter revenues were up nearly 1% largely driven by wireless service and equipment revenues, as well as broadband revenues. This was partly offset by a decline in business wireline. Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter was up 2.2%, as growth, primarily in Mobility and Consumer Wireline, were partially offset by declines in business wireline. Adjusted EPS was $0.54 in the quarter, in line with the prior year despite $0.04 of below-the-line net headwinds that we outlined at the beginning of the year. Fourth quarter free cash flow was $4.8 billion, which included about $1.1 billion in pretax DIRECTV distributions. Fourth quarter cash from operating activities came at $11.9 billion, up about $500 million year-over-year. Beginning with the fourth quarter, all cash distributions from DIRECTV are now reported within cash from operating activities. However, as a reminder, starting with our first quarter of 2025 results, we will exclude all cash received from DIRECTV from reported free cash flow. Fourth quarter capital expenditures were $6.8 billion with capital investment of $7.1 billion. We delivered a strong financial performance during the quarter while absorbing strong impacts that were slightly higher than the estimate we provided on our third quarter call. Now let's take a look at the results we delivered against our 2024 financial guidance on Slide 9. For the full year, we achieved all our consolidated financial guidance. We expected Mobility service revenue growth in the 3% range and achieved growth in the 3.5% range primarily by growing profitable customer relationships. In Consumer Wireline, we met our target of 7% plus growth in broadband revenues driven by fiber revenue growth of nearly 18%. Consolidated adjusted EBITDA grew 3.1% for the full year compared to our expectation of growth in the 3% range. Adjusted EPS for the full year came in at $2.26, which is slightly better than the high end of the $2.20 to $2.25 range we provided at our Analyst and Investor Day. As we shared previously, in 2025, we plan to report adjusted EPS excluding DIRECTV. When excluding approximately $0.31 related to equity in net income of DIRECTV, full year adjusted EPS in 2024 was $1.95. Capital investment for the full year was approximately $22 billion, consistent with our guidance at the high end of the $21 billion to $22 billion range. On free cash flow, we delivered slightly better than the midpoint of our guidance in the $17 billion to $18 billion range, with full year free cash flow coming in at $17.6 billion. In 2025, we also plan to report free cash flow excluding DIRECTV. For comparison, 2024 free cash flow was $15.3 billion, excluding approximately $2.3 billion of after-tax cash distributions from DIRECTV. Now let's look at our Mobility operating results on Slide 10. Our Mobility business continues to deliver strong results, growing both revenues and EBITDA for the seventh consecutive year. We posted 482,000 postpaid phone net adds in the quarter as we continued to successfully add high-value subscribers. Mobility revenues were up 3.3% for the quarter with service revenues also up 3.3%. Fourth quarter Mobility EBITDA was up about $500 million or by 6.1%, driven by growth in service revenues. Similar to recent quarters, about 100% of the year-over-year growth in our Mobility service revenues flowed through to EBITDA. This is the result of sustained low churn and our focus on driving operating efficiencies. For the full year, Mobility EBITDA grew 6.3%. This is consistent with our guidance for growth in the high end of the middle-single-digit range. Mobility postpaid phone ARPU was $56.72 in the fourth quarter, up nearly 1% year-over-year. ARPU growth continues to be largely driven by our targeted pricing actions and from plan mix. Postpaid phone churn for the quarter was 0.85%, up 1 basis point versus the prior year, while the upgrade rate declined 10 basis points to 4.6%. Customers reaching the end of their device promotions return to a more normalized level on a seasonal basis in the fourth quarter, and we expect this to continue during 2025. In prepaid, our phone churn was less than 3%, with Cricket phone churn substantially lower. Similar to last year, our 2025 guidance anticipates a healthy wireless market with further normalization of net adds and overall activity levels. We're confident that our Mobility business will deliver solid performance again in 2025. And we continue to expect full year growth in service revenues in the higher end of the 2% to 3% range and EBITDA in the higher end of the 3% to 4% range. Now let's move to Consumer Wireline results, which are on Slide 11. Our Consumer Wireline business again delivered strong performance with 307,000 AT&T Fiber net adds, our highest ever during the fourth quarter. This solid subscriber growth reflects durable demand for AT&T Fiber as a result of its superior experience, as well as the increased pace at which we've been expanding customer locations served by our fiber network. We also believe we benefited from some pent-up demand following a one-month work stoppage in the Southeast during the third quarter. AT&T Internet Air continues to perform well in the marketplace. We added 158,000 AT&T Internet Air consumer subscribers in the quarter and totaled more than 0.5 million net adds for the full year. Our combined success with AT&T Fiber and AT&T Internet Air continues to more than offset declines in our legacy copper subscriber base, which helps us achieve 123,000 total broadband net adds in the quarter. Fiber ARPU was $71.71, up $1.35 sequentially and 4.7% year-over-year. The improved trend in fiber ARPU growth in 4Q was driven by pricing actions and favorable plan mix. Fourth quarter broadband revenues grew 7.8% driven by fiber revenue growth of 17.8%. In 2025, we expect fiber revenue growth in the mid-teens, which is consistent with the multiyear guidance we provided at our Analyst and Investor Day. Consumer Wireline EBITDA grew 9.8% for the quarter and 10% for the full year, which exceeded our guidance for full year growth in the mid to high-single-digit range. This was driven by growth in high-margin fiber revenues and by our ongoing transition away from providing service over our legacy copper network. We expect these dynamics to continue in 2025 and to drive Consumer Wireline EBITDA growth in the high-single to low double-digit range. And while our fiber investment is delivering strong returns on a standalone basis, it's also benefiting our Mobility business as we add more converged customers. Our AT&T Fiber penetration is 40% today with four out of every 10 AT&T Fiber households also choosing AT&T as their wireless provider. Both these metrics improved by about 100 basis points versus the prior year, reflecting strong demand for our fiber and 5G services together. As we discussed at our Analyst and Investor Day, over the long-term, we expect to grow our fiber penetration and our penetration of converged services within our fiber footprint. Now let's turn to Business Wireline on Slide 12. In the quarter, Business Wireline revenues declined 10%, and EBITDA was down 22% primarily due to continued industry-wide secular declines in legacy services. For the full year, Business Wireline EBITDA declined 18%. This is in line with the latest guidance we provided for declines in the high-teens range. For full year 2025, we expect Business Wireline EBITDA to decline in the mid-teens range. In the fourth quarter, our Business Solutions wireless service revenues grew 3.5%, which is faster than our overall growth in Mobility service revenues. Now let's move to Slide 13 for an update on our capital allocation strategy. In 2024, we were able to strengthen our balance sheet while maintaining industry-leading capital investment. For the full year, we reduced net debt by $8.8 billion. And during the fourth quarter, we reduced net debt by $5.7 billion sequentially. Fourth quarter net debt included a $2.4 billion non-cash FX benefit related to our foreign-denominated debt. However, there was no net balance sheet impact as there was an offsetting FX loss related to associated hedges. Another item that contributed to the reduction of net debt in the fourth quarter was the completion of a distribution of about $1.5 billion in cash from previously restricted assets. This is reflected in cash from investing and therefore, did not impact our reported free cash flow. As a result of our adjusted EBITDA growth and strong cash generation, we ended 2024 with net debt to adjusted EBITDA below 2.7 times. Additionally, we lowered vendor and direct supplier financing, which more than offset securitization facilities for a net reduction of $400 million year-over-year. Over the past two years, we've reduced our vendor financing balance by about $4.7 billion. Our efforts to reduce vendor and direct supplier financing have helped us to lower our interest expense and to improve the quality and ratability of our cash flows. Given these efforts, we feel good about our combined vendor and direct supplier financing levels and do not expect to materially reduce them on a year-over-year basis in 2025. We continue to expect to close the sale of our 70% stake in DIRECTV to TPG in the middle of this year. Since signing this agreement, we have received $1.7 billion in pretax cash distributions from DIRECTV and expect to receive an additional $5.9 billion in after-tax cash payments related to this transaction through 2029. This includes $5.4 billion that we continue to expect this year. The strength of our operating trends, growth in our free cash flow, and improvement in our balance sheet have positioned us to increase our capital returns to shareholders. As discussed at our Analyst and Investor Day, we expect to maintain our dividend per share and to begin share buybacks in the second half of 2025 once we're in this 2.5 times range for net debt to adjusted EBITDA. Our operating momentum and capital allocation framework positions AT&T to drive shareholder value through a combination of capital appreciation and capital returns in 2025 and beyond. Now let's cover our 2025 financial guidance. Our outlook for the year is unchanged from the guidance we shared at our Analyst and Investor Day. But I'd like to highlight a few key drivers of our guidance for adjusted EPS and free cash flow in order to help you with your modeling. As mentioned earlier, beginning in the first quarter, we plan to report adjusted EPS and free cash flow excluding DIRECTV, due to the pending 2025 disposition of our equity investment. On this basis, our guidance anticipates growth in both of these metrics this year, driven primarily by our outlook for growth in consolidated adjusted EBITDA of 3% or better. Our adjusted EPS guidance for 2025 of $1.97 to $2.07 also assumes depreciation and amortization expense in 2025 to be slightly higher than 2024 from continued investment in our 5G and fiber networks, lower interest expense from lower debt balances and an effective tax rate around 23%. Our planned share repurchases starting later this year are not expected to materially benefit our adjusted EPS in 2025. Looking a little further ahead, we continue to expect adjusted EPS to grow at a double-digit CAGR from 2027 as outlined at our Analyst and Investor Day. This is driven by our outlook for annual adjusted EBITDA growth of 3% or better as well as accumulating benefits of reducing our share count through planned share repurchases. It also assumes lower depreciation expense beyond 2025 as we complete our wireless network modernization and take legacy assets out of service. Our guidance for $16 billion-plus of free cash flow this year assumes lower cash interest from lower debt balances, the absence of network termination fee payments in 2025, and lower working capital impacts in 2025 compared to 2024. Collectively, these items as well as our anticipated adjusted EBITDA growth are expected to more than offset an increase in cash taxes. Excluding DIRECTV, we expect 2025 cash taxes to be $3.3 billion, which is up about $1.5 billion from 2024 on a comparable basis. This expectation is based on current tax law, including the continued phase-out of bonus depreciation. We also expect that our free cash flow will continue to have a more ratable profile over the course of the year. As a reminder, we typically see seasonally lower free cash flow in Q1 primarily driven by the timing of device payments and annual incentive compensation payout. Also, keep in mind that DIRECTV contributed $500 million to last year's first quarter free cash flow. We're excited about our outlook for the year and beyond. We're reiterating all the long-term financial and operational guidance we shared at our Analyst and Investor Day in December. Brett, that's our presentation. We're now ready for the Q&A.

Thank you, Pascal. Operator, we're ready to take the first question.

Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. Today's first question comes from John Hodulik with UBS. Please go ahead.

Great. Thanks, guys. John, maybe a couple of quick regulatory questions for you. First of all, on the regulatory filing about the legacy products, are there any direct cost savings that would come with this that you could potentially see in '25 if that's successful? And I think this is probably the first step in terms of heading towards a decommissioning of that copper infrastructure. How would you expect this sort of steps to proceed if you're successful with that filing? So that's number one. And then number two, on tax reform. One, just what's your view on the chance of getting that through? And you mentioned that you could go a little faster with some of the CapEx. Would that be a '25 issue or '26? And what are some of the areas do you think that you could do more spending and accelerate the plan? Thanks.

All right, John. Good morning. So the legacy filings, first of all, what you should understand is, as we laid out our new cost savings objectives for you over the next three years as we discussed in the Analyst Day, as we gave you that detail, you can see that we are expecting that we're going to make progress in taking those costs out of the business, and that's a key foundational element to those estimates. So what you would expect here in this filing is, we've kind of factored all those into the guidance we've given you and the timing of those things. I'm not going to break out on a per central office basis exactly how long it takes us to recognize that. But these are processes that take some time, is what you should think about. We have to go through notice cycles with customers. We then have to ultimately transition them. We grandfather them. So these are not things like you file, and 90 days later, you're starting to see a dramatic shift or a step function shift in costs. These are what gets us to our objectives by '29, and ultimately, reshaping the footprint in the cost structure of the business. How those steps proceed? As I said in my comments, the first step is, we now have a framework. We're now going to put the first scale test of that framework in with about 1,300 wire centers. We expect that when we do that, the commission is going to say, what do I do with 1,300 wire centers? And we're going to work collaboratively with them to build a process to move through that as quickly and expeditiously as possible. My expectations are from the dialogue that's occurring right now, the new administration is interested in finding approaches to scale these more rapidly and have an appropriate way to clear them through faster because they believe if the right policies are in place, it will, in fact, stimulate investment in the right kind of going forward technologies. And we intend to embrace that and work with them and figure out how we take 1,300 successfully through the commission and then move through another tranche as we move through that. So that's all part of the process. And it's kind of how we expected this back two years ago when we started moving down this path and putting this framework in place and building the technologies to enable it. This is kind of what we expected would be the case. And I feel good, as I mentioned I think at the Analyst Day, I think with the administration change, we kind of moved to a little bit of a tailwind in terms of the receptivity of the approach as we go through that. On the tax reform side, look, I'm hopeful and I'm optimistic that a Washington that has one party in control can figure out how to set priorities for themselves. My indications would be that from an economic growth perspective that the Republicans believe this is a key driver of what will get the economy moving in the right direction. I would certainly say from my little part of the economy, those policies would drive accelerated and stimulated investment as they did the first time we were in place. I've used this comparison, we were peaking in about $24 billion of investment a couple of years ago. It's not an accident. Our tax bill is up about the same amount that we're down in capital investment right now. I don't expect we’d ever get back to $24 billion at this juncture given how far along we are in our reinvestment strategies. But do I think that the first place I would go if I had a little bit of latitude might be to accelerate some of the fiber build? The answer to that is, yeah, I probably would look at tweaking that. And some of that might go into investment and completing the fiber plan earlier. Some of that may be returned to shareholders. We can't turn on a dime to answer your question, when you think about what occurs with the fiber build as I shared with you at the analyst conference, if you want to think about increments of $1 million a year. So if we're building $3 million right now, and we wanted to move to $4 million, that's probably a 12-month best-case, 18-month worst-case scenario to ramp to that level. And when you start thinking about how you gracefully do these things, increments of $1 million are kind of the graceful way to go about doing it. We’re not whipsawing vendor communities, supply chains, doing things that are inappropriate. So I think about that within the course of the year. Can you scale yourself up to get to another $1 million? That’s a decision that we’d have to make after we saw some tangibility that the tax cuts are, in fact, going to go into place.

Thanks for the question, John. We will go to next one.

Thank you. And our next question today comes from David Barden of Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Hi, everyone. I appreciate you taking my questions. First, John, I want to revisit a topic we covered during Analyst Day regarding home games and away games and how fiber benefits our mobile business. I've noticed that in the fourth quarter, the increase in mobile net additions among fiber customers matched the total net additions for the quarter, representing around 22% to 23% of gross additions. Is there value in analyzing how these elements connect? Secondly, Pascal, regarding the Reign real estate deal and its $850 million contribution, I'm curious if this was included in the $16 billion or if it's additional. How should we view future real estate deals contributing to our cash flow, especially as we start decommissioning the copper plant? Thank you.

Hi, Dave. I don't know that I would over-rotate on the information value if I understand your question correctly. I think typically, when you look at what our strategies are for how we actually penetrate within the base, there isn't necessarily a perfect timing to what I would call the net add dynamics that occur in broadband, whether or not we're successful at penetrating. There is some activity we get on installation, which is helpful to us. But when you start thinking about what we want to do to drive up that penetration number, the base of unaddressed individuals is much larger than the base of new customers going in. And so we have to do well in that unaddressed base in order to get net adds in it. There's different strategies associated with it. Pascal, do you want to address the Reign dynamic?

Yeah. So Dave, the Reign deal is, we're accounting for it as a financing transaction. It's not going to run through cash from operations or free cash flow. You zoom out, Dave, when I think about what are the drivers of free cash flow being 2025, it starts with our expected EBITDA growth. We also, as we highlighted at Investor Day, in 2024, there was a, call it, about $0.5 billion of headwind associated with paying out a termination fee associated with our O-RAN modernization effort. Additionally, the other tailwind you should expect is, you're going to see some benefit from interest and working capital. Our interest expense was down, and I would expect that to continue into 2025. And I wouldn't expect working capital to be a major factor one way or the other. And so really, those are the dynamics driving it.

All right. Helpful. Thank you, guys, both. Appreciate it.

And we will go to next question, please.

Absolutely. And our next question today comes from Michael Rollins at Citi. Please go ahead.

Thanks. And good morning. You used the same or similar language around the healthy wireless market and a further normalization of net adds and activity levels. Curious if you could just put some additional context around that, how that may look similar or different than last year in terms of characteristics and how AT&T is looking at the mix between volume growth and ARPU opportunity within the '25 guidance? And just one other quick item. In the trending schedule, you added a much larger number of resale subs. I think it was up 13.5% quarter-on-quarter. I'm just curious what drove that performance and does reseller become a more significant component of Mobility service revenue growth during 2025? Thanks.

Hi, Mike. It’s good to hear from you. So I would tell you, it's the same or similar as to what we said last year, that's why there's similar language. We expect further normalization. I don't think we're seeing a whole lot different. As I said before, how we think about the customers that we want to attack that are long-term durable, sustainable customers versus what gets counted in the bucket in aggregate, they don't all necessarily represent that number. But we've seen a bit of a moderation going on, and we expect there's going to be a little bit of a moderation going on this coming year that we worked through. As in previous years, we're going to do everything we can to do both. We're going to have some volume improvement as we gain customers, and we're also going to manage the base like we effectively manage the base. I'm not going to break out for you what represents in each of those. We never do talk about those things. I don't intend to do that going forward. But you can expect that we know how to manage the subscription business, and we know how to balance the two out. There's going to be pockets of our base out there where we can move them through a continuum of either getting more value through different plans or finding pockets where maybe we're priced differently than the market needs to be as well as growing subscribers. And we'll do both, and we'll do it effectively. What you're seeing on the resale side is, I think we've been really clear and we indicated that we were a provider to DISH and their migration and how they've been handling their customer accounts. We're a beneficiary, I think, of some of their decisions as to what networks they're putting their customers on and how they're operating that, that was certainly not the only contributor but a significant contributor to what's occurring in that. And then, we’ve also had some success in some other MVNO reseller accounts that are now starting to generate some volume as well that are contributing to that.

Thanks, Mike. We’re going to go to next question, operator.

Absolutely. Our next question comes from Benjamin Swinburne with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Thanks. Good morning. Question on fiber and one on Mobility. Pascal, I think you mentioned maybe some pent-up demand benefited the fourth quarter coming off the labor strikes at the end of Q3. Any ability to size that for us? And then I'm curious, you guys had really strong fiber ARPU growth in the fourth quarter and the year. We've seen some of our cable competitors get more aggressive with their own converged offers. Doesn't seem like that's having any impact? I'm just wondering if you could talk a little bit about your confidence in fiber ARPU growth heading into '25. And then just on Mobility, great churn results. Any update on sort of how you're thinking about gross adds and whether that can maybe inflect positively in '25 as Jen and the team kind of put a lot of their initiatives into place? Thanks so much.

Hi, Ben. So look, the pent-up demand dynamic, it's not substantial. I just think that there were some customers after we were out of the market for 30 days in the Southeast that decided they were going to wait, and we were able to work through that effectively. And I think that's a certain amount of what you're expecting or what we saw in the fourth quarter of turning in that 307,000 number. I don't see anything in our overall trends that suggest anything different moving forward right now. We've given you an indication. There's a variety of things that drive kind of what you should expect in volumes in fiber in a quarter, one of which is the size of the footprint and what we have to sell into. And then, of course, there's a seasonality dynamic goes into that. So as we move into the first quarter, seasonality adjustments tend to be a little bit slower than what we see otherwise. And we still have a good footprint to sell into, but that pent-up demand will disappear. So you should expect that, that's not going to carry into the first quarter. Exactly what that number is, I don't know that I can precisely put a number on it, but I don't see anything in the market that suggests to me right now that there's any fundamental trend difference in how we're penetrating the market and what we're doing overall. And the ARPU growth, what I would tell you is, as I just indicated, we continue to manage the base effectively and look for opportunities to either remove customers up in plan to buy higher speeds or work on pricing adjustments where it makes sense to do that. We did get a benefit from a price increase on some portions of our cohort that work through the fourth quarter that I think you're seeing roll through that. But there's also a dynamic of a higher percentage of the base moving into fiber versus copper legacy products that usually comes with a step-up in ARPU that we get improvements on. And we're going to continue to actively manage that, but you should understand we're actively managing that underneath an umbrella. We're still lower than cable on an ARPU basis, and that's one of the reasons we do as well as we do and why we don't feel that we need to necessarily discount a better product when we're putting two together is because we are selling currently in the market on kind of underneath cable's pricing umbrella at a more competitive price. So that still continues to be the case as we move forward. What I would expect on where we are in the mobile side is should our gross add performance get a little bit better relative to what we want to do on the share side in certain segments, yes. But do I expect that we're going to be looking at outsized numbers given the overall pool of growth is getting smaller? No. Pascal, I don't know if there's anything you want to add to what I shared there.

No. Look, I think all well said.

Great. Thanks so much. We will go to the next question, please.

Absolutely. Our next question comes from Peter Supino at Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning, everybody. A question on upgrades and one on immigration. On upgrades, I'm not going to ask you about iPhone innovation. I'm wondering if you could comment on just the average age of the phones in your customer fleet in the postpaid phone business. And maybe you could describe directionally how that number has evolved and whether we're approaching an inflection point for upgrades simply based on aging as we get into the middle of the 5G cycle here. And then on immigration, if you could comment on the sensitivity of your postpaid phone business to potential major changes in immigration statistics over the next couple of years after the change in the administration? Thank you.

Hi, Peter. So I would say that I don't see anything in the data that we're looking at that would suggest there's any fundamental shift going on in customers' desires to hold handsets. I’m sure, different carriers have different points of view on this. And if you're investing heavier in promotions, you may see a shift. You may incent more customers to choose to upgrade. And the richer those promotions get, the higher that rate, and therefore, you walk away and say, well, maybe there's a shift going on. I think we are pretty disciplined in what we chose to do over the course of the quarter. And if I would tell you when we did forecast of what percentage of our customers might be coming in for an upgrade, we're not seeing anything out of pattern relative to that, given how we're performing in the market and what offers we're putting in the market. And I'm not expecting to see that change anytime in the near future. The customer will ultimately make that decision. And of course, later in this year, we'll end up with some new devices coming into the market. And once we know what those devices are and how compelling they are, customers will decide whether or not they want to shift that dynamic and move at a higher rate. But right now, I didn't see anything that occurred in the fourth quarter that I can explain from what were the offers in the market and was it something that somebody wanted to do gift giving on based on what those incentives were as opposed to what I would call a fundamental shift in customers' points of view of their fleet getting more tired, so to speak. The fact of the matter is phones perform pretty well. They're more durable. People know how to take care of them more. There's better insurance and upgrade processes in place to keep devices in customers' hands for a longer period of time. I don't think those things have fundamentally shifted in the market. On immigration, I'd probably say relative to the industry, we're a bit less sensitive to it because as you've heard me say, we maybe don't play as effectively as I'd like in that part of the market or had what I would think should be more of our fair share. I guess the good news is, if there is a downward trend on it, we'll be less impacted. It doesn't mean that I wouldn't like to be more effective in that space. But we just aren't quite as well distributed in that segment of the market as maybe some other folks are. Now in aggregate, do I think that having more people living in the United States is good for a business like ours? I think the answer is yes, because we like economic growth in this country, and part of what we all want to see is that the economy continues to grow and services continue to be invested in. And I think a key element to that is we have to have the right immigration policies. And I’m hopeful that as policymakers kind of go through the next number of months and they think about what they want to do, they get to an appropriate place that understands that the U.S. economy to continue to grow, we need smart immigration. We need to do this the right way, and that is in everybody’s interest to do that. And hopefully, the wise minds prevail, and that’s what takes place, and we’ll see what happens.

Thanks for the question, Peter. We are going to go to the next question, please.

Absolutely. And our final question today will come from Tim Horan at Oppenheimer. Please go ahead.

Thanks, guys. You've been pretty early in migrating your operations and networks to the cloud and open source. I'm sure you've seen DeepSeek has created a much lower-cost, large language model out there. Can you maybe just give us your thoughts on using cloud and AI to both improve relationships with customers, improve your product, and lower your overall expenses? And then maybe just the same thing on your infrastructure, just any updated thoughts on how you can use your infrastructure to support AI? Thank you.

Good morning, Tim. We've done a significant amount of work in this area and have seen many benefits in our internal operations. If you examine our cost of service dynamics, our improvements in call centers and our interactions with customers have largely been driven by applying AI tools. This isn't just about replacing individuals with technology; it's about enhancing their effectiveness and efficiency in addressing customer needs, supplemented by customer support AI. Notably, even with our growing customer base, we've observed a 30% year-over-year drop in call volumes, attributed to this technology application. Internally, we've used it extensively in operations and are witnessing marked improvements in our code efficiency. As I mentioned in a previous call, we are currently spending less to develop new code and achieving better results thanks to AI and generative technology. I anticipate that, as previously stated, we are still in the early stages of this technology cycle, one that will be as significant as the inception of the Internet when it concludes. Given this early phase, we can expect incidents like today when someone innovates to harness the model’s benefits while consuming less power or utilizing less processing capability, or when models are refined for specific areas or able to run locally rather than in the cloud, opening up new applications and business models. Such moments are expected with a nascent technology like this because necessity indeed drives invention. There is a tremendous amount of funding and creativity invested in this space, leading to better applications. We must remain vigilant to ensure we leverage it effectively and maintain a competitive edge regarding cost structure efficiency. There are areas where I believe our business can improve, particularly in utilizing our data to develop unique strategies for specific customer segments and those we currently do not serve. Understanding our pricing approach and leveraging our unique data sets in relation to customer segments and industries will enhance our market effectiveness. If I had to set a goal for 2025, I would like to report next year on positive momentum in our business due to successfully implementing these strategies. Lastly, we continue to explore innovative applications in our operations. Although I may not be effectively communicating our successes, we are dynamically tuning our RF capabilities within our wireless network today based on traffic patterns and customer movement through machine learning and AI. These enhancements consistently benefit us, and we will continue to pursue them. Thank you for the question, Tim. To conclude, we outlined our intentions for 2024 in January, and reflecting on our achievements, we have met, if not slightly exceeded, our objectives. Over the course of 2024 and previous years, we have displayed consistent execution. This improvement is not surprising given our renewed focus on becoming a great communications company. We are on a learning curve, enhancing consistency and performance while still having opportunities to build on our progress. This year is pivotal for us as we reach the halfway point and have the chance to reassess our capital allocation, which has been a strategic plan. We look forward to that opportunity and are well-positioned to continue investing in the business, maintaining the level of consistency and improvement you have witnessed over the past few years. Thank you for your interest, and I wish everyone a great rest of the year.

Operator, you can go ahead and end the call.