Welcome to AT&T Inc.'s First Quarter 2025 Earnings Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. Following the presentation, the call will be open for questions. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference call over to our host, Brett Feldman, Senior Vice President, Finance and Investor Relations. Please go ahead. Thank you, and good morning. Welcome to our first quarter call. I am Brett Feldman, head of investor relations for AT&T Inc. Joining me on the call today are John Stankey, our chairman and CEO, and Pascal Desroches, our CFO. Before we begin, I need to call your attention to our Safe Harbor statement. It says that some of our comments today may be forward-looking. As such, they are subject to risks and uncertainties described in AT&T Inc.'s SEC filings. Results may differ materially. Additional information as well as our earnings materials are available on the investor relations website. With that, I will turn the call over to John Stankey. John?

Thanks, Brett. I appreciate everyone joining us this morning. I am pleased to share that we followed a strong performance in 2024 with a solid start to 2025. In the first quarter, we reported growth in consolidated service revenue and adjusted EBITDA driven by strong postpaid phone and fiber net adds. We also grew adjusted EPS and free cash flow when excluding DIRECTV, with both metrics performing consistent with the outlook we provided in March. Pascal will run you through the details of our first quarter results and outlook. So I am going to use my time to cover two topics that are top of mind for our management team. First, I will review the core operating principles driving our strategy. This includes how our differentiated position as the largest converged provider across 5G and fiber is fueling growth in high-value customer relationships. After that, I will discuss why we expect to deliver on our 2025 financial guidance and commence our planned share repurchases during the second quarter despite operating in a macro environment with diminished visibility. So let's start with the core operating principles that are enabling us to drive our long-term strategy forward. As always, we begin with a focus on the customer. This is why we launched the AT&T Inc. guarantee, which is a promise to our customers that will provide them with connectivity they can depend on, the deals they want, and the service they deserve guaranteed or we will make it right. AT&T Inc. is the first and only carrier that offers a guarantee for wireless and fiber networks to both consumers and small businesses. A key reason we can make this promise is because of the significant fiber expansion and network modernization investments we are making to be the best connectivity provider in America. A little over three years ago, we set a target of passing over thirty million total locations with our fiber network by the end of 2025. I am proud to say that we expect to achieve that target before midyear as we continue to ramp towards our objective of reaching fifty million plus total locations with fiber by 2029, through a combination of our organic build, GigaPower, and other commercial open access agreements. We are also making great progress retiring our legacy copper network as we transition to modern 5G wireless and fiber technology. We have an opportunity to move even faster following recent FCC orders. We appreciate Chairman Carr and the FCC for their leadership to advance the tech transition and update requirements to better reflect today's technology and competitive marketplace. Our customer-focused, investment-led business model has positioned AT&T Inc. as a trusted provider of critical connectivity services. As a result, we are well-positioned to drive sustainable growth through a range of market and economic cycles. Our first quarter results present further evidence that our differentiated strategy is working. We came into the year with an expectation that the wireless industry would see further normalization in net adds and overall activity levels. So far, this has played out and to no surprise, we have seen shifts in offers and promotions as the major providers compete for a moderating pool of new customers. Despite a slow January, we were able to fine-tune our offers and competed very well against this backdrop for the balance of the quarter. This was especially true within our fiber footprint, which is the largest and fastest growing in the US. As we have said before, where we have fiber, we win. In fiber and 5G, this dynamic continues to drive growth as shown by our increasing rate of converged customer penetration, and significant wireless share gains within our fiber footprint. These trends continued and in some cases strengthened in the first quarter. For example, a significant portion of wireless gross adds that took our lead offers during the first quarter were with converged accounts. This is a key reason why we had more converged house gross adds within our fiber footprint during the first quarter compared to last year. As a result, our converged penetration continues to climb, with more than four in ten AT&T Inc. fiber households also now subscribing to our mobility services. This is a key trend because accounts with both fiber and wireless services have lifetime values that are more than fifteen percent greater than customers with standalone services. The message here is that the primary driver of our growth is our success at executing our fiber and 5G playbook that our increased investments in customer acquisition and retention are driving sustained growth in high-value customer relationships. The fundamentals of our business are very strong, and we continue to feel confident that our strategy and plans for 2025 are on track. However, all companies in the US are now operating with less visibility as the administration pursues policies that are intended to facilitate its laudable goal of creating more equitable global trade and improved domestic manufacturing capabilities. Like others, we are closely monitoring this journey to rebalance global trade and its impact on the broader economy. The announced tariffs could potentially increase the cost of smartphones and other devices as well as the cost of network and technical equipment. The magnitude of any increase will depend on a variety of factors, including how much of the tariffs our vendors pass on, the impact that the tariffs have on consumer and business demand. Based on the ninety-day pause on reciprocal tariffs, and our visibility into the supply chain, we believe we can manage the anticipated higher costs within the 2025 financial guidance we provided. Our expectations reflect our strong financial performance in the first quarter, the historical resilience of demand for our critical connectivity services across economic cycles, and our decision to reduce discretionary expenses and accelerate cost actions that we had planned for later on in this year. That said, this environment remains fluid and will provide further updates based on the ultimate impacts of the reciprocal tariffs. The priorities we laid out at our 2024 analyst and investor day have not changed, and we continue to operate our business to achieve the financial plan and capital. As we shared during that presentation, these long-term plans are based on an outlook that assumes a macroeconomic environment with low single-digit GDP growth and moderating inflation. If we ultimately face a lower growth environment over this period, we have the option to adjust our operating posture to prioritize cash flow. This gives us confidence in our ability to execute the expanded capital returns program announced at our Analyst and Investor Day. We plan on commencing share repurchases this quarter. We also continue to evaluate opportunities to deploy our financial flexibility towards strategic investments that complement our organic growth plan, additional capital returns, or further improvements to our balance sheet. So with that, I will turn it over to Pascal. Pascal?

Thank you, John, and good morning, everyone. Let's start by reviewing our first quarter financial summary on Slide five. At a consolidated level, total revenues were up two percent, service revenues were up one point two percent, and adjusted EBITDA was up four point four percent. The primary driver of this solid performance was growth in mobility and consumer wireline businesses, which continues to more than offset secular pressure on business wireline. As a reminder, beginning with our first quarter results, adjusted EPS and free cash flow exclude DIRECTV. Adjusted EPS was $0.51 in the quarter, which was $0.03 higher than the prior year when excluding DIRECTV. First quarter free cash flow was $3.1 billion, which was up more than $350 million on a comparable basis. First quarter capital investment of $4.5 billion was slightly lower year over year due to lower vendor financing payments reflecting the good progress made in reducing these balances for the past couple of years. For the second quarter, we expect capital investment in the $4.5 billion to $5 billion range, and free cash flow of approximately $4 billion. We continue to expect full-year free cash flow of $16 billion plus. Now let's look at the trends we are seeing in our mobility business on slide six. Our mobility business delivered solid results to start the year, growing both revenues and EBITDA in a wireless market that remains both healthy and competitive. Total mobility revenues were up four point seven percent year over year with service revenues up four point one percent. Service revenue growth was primarily driven by strong customer growth, including three hundred and twenty-four thousand postpaid phone net adds as well as continued postpaid phone ARPU growth. Postpaid phone gross adds increased by about thirteen percent year over year, which more than offset a normalizing trend in churn. Postpaid phone churn of zero point eight three percent was up eleven basis points from the first quarter last year. This increase was primarily driven by the normalization of customers reaching the end of their equipment promotional financing periods in the fourth quarter, which is a trend we highlighted on our prior call. We also saw some shifts in competitive offers during the quarter that impacted churn. Importantly, involuntary churn remained low and consistent with our expectations. Based on the current market dynamic and the return to a more normalized cadence of promotional roll-offs, we expect postpaid phone churn to remain at a similar level in 2Q with typical seasonality in the back half of the year as we approach the holidays. First quarter mobility EBITDA grew three point five percent year over year. EBITDA margins of forty-three percent were down fifty basis points versus last year. This was due to increased advertising and marketing spend related to the launch of the AT&T Inc. guarantee as well as higher spending on customer acquisition and device upgrades. We are very pleased with the uptake rate of our offers among new and existing high-quality customer cohorts. This is evident in our postpaid phone ARPU, which grew one point eight percent year over year and in the continued growth of our base of converged accounts. Before I discuss our first quarter consumer wireline performance, I want to provide some insights into the trends we are seeing in our mobility business so far in the second quarter. Postpaid phone net adds remain solid, with both gross adds and churn broadly in line with our expectations. However, upgrades have trended higher than expected since the announcement of the reciprocal tariffs in early April, which we believe triggered an acceleration in consumer upgrade behavior. If upgrade rates remain elevated, this could represent a pull forward from the second half of the year. Now let's move to consumer wireline results on slide seven. In the quarter, Consumer Wireline performance was led by solid broadband subscriber growth for both AT&T Inc. Fiber and AT&T Inc. Internet Air. We delivered two hundred sixty-one thousand AT&T Inc. Fiber net adds, up from two hundred fifty-two thousand in the first quarter of last year. This was driven by growth in our consumer location served with fiber, which reached twenty-three point eight million at the end of 1Q. And growing contribution of net adds in regions served with GigaPower Fiber. We love the return profile of fiber and the lift it provides our mobility business only makes investing in fiber more attractive. AT&T Inc. Internet Air net adds were a hundred and eighty-one thousand in the quarter, which is a significant improvement from a year ago. Driven by broader availability across our distribution channels. Our combined success with these two services helped us deliver a hundred and thirty-seven thousand total broadband net adds in the quarter. This marks our seventh straight quarter of overall broadband subscriber growth and second consecutive quarter with more than a hundred thousand broadband net adds. We grew consumer wireline revenue by five point one percent versus the prior year. This was driven by fiber revenue growth of nineteen percent reflecting subscriber gains and solid fiber ARPU growth of six point two percent. Consumer wireline EBITDA grew eighteen point six percent for the quarter. Our first quarter results benefited from vendor settlements that positively impacted our total wireline operating expenses by approximately one hundred million dollars. Roughly fifty-five million dollars of the impact was in consumer wireline, with the rest in business wireline. This item has no impact on guidance as it was factored into our full-year plan. Now let's turn to business wireline on slide eight. Starting this quarter, we are providing more detail on the revenue components within Business Wireline to match the disclosures in targets we provided at our analyst and investor day. Business wireline revenues declined approximately nine percent year over year, primarily due to continued pressures on legacy and other transitional services which declined seventeen point four percent. This was partially offset by growth in fiber and advanced connectivity services, which grew four and a half percent. About one-third of these revenues are from value-added services, which are variable on a quarterly basis. The remaining two-thirds, which is predominantly fiber connectivity, is growing at a faster rate and accelerated relative to the fourth quarter. Business wireline EBITDA declined less than two percent versus prior year. I want to call out a few factors that contributed to this improved trend. On the top line, we benefited from pricing actions on legacy services, which helped moderate revenue declines although we expect this benefit to diminish over the next few quarters. On the expense side, business wireline operating and support costs were down about four hundred million dollars year over year. This decrease is due to solid execution against our cost-saving initiatives, including lower force, contractor, and access costs. Lower expenses also reflect the vendor settlements I mentioned earlier as well as the prior deconsolidation of our cybersecurity business. While I appreciate that our first quarter EBITDA performance is pacing ahead of plan, some of the favorability was nonrecurring, and we are facing an operating environment with less visibility. So we expect to see a normalization in the trajectory of business wireline EBITDA during the remainder of the year. We also saw solid trends across business solutions, which includes the contributions from business mobility and FirstNet. As we announced earlier this month, we now have more than seven million FirstNet connections, which is a tremendous milestone. We continue to grow connections because FirstNet is truly in a league of its own. Let's be clear. No matter if it's New York City Police Department, the Fire Department in New York City, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or any of the nearly thirty thousand public safety agencies and organizations that use FirstNet, FirstNet continues its strong momentum and remains a first responder communication solution of choice. Now let's move to slide nine to discuss our capital allocation. Our capital investment is largely driven by our fiber deployment and wireless network modernization. These remain strategic priorities, and we expect these initiatives to remain on pace with the timelines we outlined at our Analyst and Investor Day in December. We continue to expect our full-year capital investment to be in the twenty-two billion dollar range. During the first quarter, we made further progress on strengthening our balance sheet and reduced net debt by about one billion dollars. This was driven by our strong free cash flow and net proceeds related to asset sales and strategic investments, partially offset by one point two billion dollars of currency headwinds related to the weakening of the US dollar. As a reminder, we fully hedge the FX impact on our debt with the offset reported in other liabilities. We ended the quarter with net debt to adjusted EBITDA of two point six three times versus two point six eight times at the end of last year. We have worked hard at strengthening our balance sheet and continue to operate the business with a net leverage target of net debt to adjusted EBITDA in the two and a half times range. Since the beginning of 2020, we have reduced our net debt by thirty-two billion dollars. Based on this improvement in our balance sheet, expected proceeds from the sale of our seventy percent stake in DIRECTV and our financial outlook for the remainder of the year, we are now in a position to begin executing on the incremental capital returns we outlined at our Analyst and Investor Day. We expect to begin share repurchases under our ten billion dollars authorization this quarter with at least three billion dollars completed by year-end and the remainder during 2026. We are really pleased with the team's performance and our start to the year, and we are excited to continue to build on this progress.

Thank you, Pascal. Operator, we are ready to take the first question.

Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. Today's first question comes from Peter Supino with Wolfe Research. Please go ahead. Hi. Good morning.

Question on tariffs and another on the growth environment. If tariffs increase the cost of phones, I wonder how you would envision AT&T Inc. and the industry potentially reacting to that on a sustained basis? And then with your comments on the possibility of a slower growth environment, I wonder if you could refresh us on the expense reduction opportunity outside of consumer wireline and what else you might have in mind for a slower growth marketplace. Thank you.

Good morning, Peter. So first of all, let's kind of start with our customer base and customers and what might happen or not happen in tariffs. As I said, my comment to visibility is not great around what the future holds, but if I think about the dynamics of handset costs, it's probably important for us to take a step back and realize we are dealing with SKU costs on handsets right now that are quite a bit more expensive than they were even four years ago or three years ago. Whenever those dynamics have occurred, we have come up with different solutions in the marketplace that ultimately allows the customer to manage through those things. Customers, of course, make choices from their point of view as to what they wish to do like, possibly extending life cycles of handsets. And we have done that within the context of our business model. Even though we have been seeing average cost of assets increasing over time. As you know, we have done a nice job of improving the profitability and performance of this business. So if tariffs are the next driver of an increase in the unit cost of handsets, I imagine we are going to have to go through the exact same play, which is first of all, understand what the customer needs and then make some adjustments to how we support them in that process, but that process is going to be taking that cost as we have traditionally done and largely moving it through to the end user and fitting it into the business model of ultimately what we can afford to derive the right level of returns in our business. And, I think we have demonstrated over time that we have done that fairly effectively. So I think that if ultimately costs are passed to us, from those that we buy handsets from, unfortunately, for the customer, we are going to have to come up with some new ways for them to figure out how to digest that increase in pricing. I do not see the business model dramatically changing to accommodate subsidy levels that are much different from what's out there today. And the modest adjustments we make to those day in and day out. But we will find different creative ways to build plans and approaches and supports that allow them to continue to use the network effectively and do what they need to do and feel good about it. And I also do not know. And if I step back and think about consumer behavior in this, handsets are just, you know, one part of a broader ecosystem of decisions that can goods and services. And if their flat panel TV in their house is going to be more expensive and if their laptop is going to be more expensive and how they choose to manage this dynamic within that ecosystem. I think we are all going to learn, but I feel pretty good that we have demonstrated we can get through that cycle. In terms of the growth environment, look, we have I thought we have given you some pretty good views around how we are managing costs across the business. In its entirety. It's not just consumer wireline. We laid out for you in the analyst day what we are doing across the entire wireline business. And there's certainly in that six billion dollar pool that we are looking at plenty of opportunity to address things that we can move forward and readjust, and we are being pretty diligent about that. But we are also improving other parts of our business actively. And we have shared some of that with you. We have talked about what we are doing broadly across our call centers, we talked to you about how we are getting more efficient in our software development and our information technology organizations. Shared with you that we have done a lot better in how we have managed our digital channels for acquisition, and customer awareness, and that's before I think we have really gotten good at the operational side of our digital channels, which we are investing pretty heavily in that I think we can have some additional uplift in the efficiency of how we bring customers into the business and support them. So I think what we gave you an indication that we are very comfortable with our guidance for this year is there's a lot of places we know we can go and operate the business a little more effectively and continue to work our expense lines more aggressively. And I think you saw that in the first quarter. We clearly invested a little bit more in customer acquisition, but I am pretty proud of the overall margin performance the team delivered. And how we balance those things out. And I think we know how to do that, and we will continue to do that going forward.

Peter, one other thing to add. Q1 when you look at it was impacted by launch expenses associated with our guarantee. So the organic expense performance was really, really good. Thanks, Peter. We will go to the next question, please.

Our next question comes from Benjamin Swinburne with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Thanks. Good morning. Two questions. John, I doubt you will answer this specifically, but I figured I would ask anyway. There was a press report back in March around AT&T Inc. in talks to acquire Lumen's mass market consumer fiber business. Curious if you had any comment on that or maybe just if you cannot or will not talk more broadly about how you are thinking about inorganic investments at AT&T Inc., just given the transformation over the last few years, but also the success you are having with your fiber strategy in general.

Good morning, Ben. I am not going to make any comments on rumors and speculation that you reference. What I can tell you is I will repeat what I have said about inorganic activity in the business of always keep my mind open to something that I think can improve value for the shareholder. That's clear and centered on what we have laid out as our key strategic thrust in the business. That's to be the best in connectivity. I have articulated that anything that allows me to accelerate what I believe is a reordering of assets for converged connectivity in the markets becomes a make-buy kind of analysis which is I know what I can make it for, and I have plenty of opportunity to make. More infrastructure investment in the business and across the nation. Demonstrated that we are pretty good at that. Completing our recent commitments early our cost per. We have been giving you a lot of insight into how effectively we have been doing that on our fiber build. I think you should take some satisfaction in what you see happening in the fixed wireless growth that's an artifact, not exclusively, but partly because of our modernization efforts in the wireless network that as we complete those things, it opens up geographies that we previously had closed that we can now sell into so you can see that we are getting operational execution around those things. And as long as I can, you know, build opportunity and do it effectively, that's a good thing to do, and I think it's a sensible deployment of shareholder capital. If something were to come up inorganically that looked like it rivaled those types of business cases or looked similar to that or gave me, you know, a way to accelerate that where the market power of accelerating that did something good, of course, I would be open to it. And as I have said earlier, I continue to be looking for opportunities in the business to find those nice tack-ons, bolt-ons, add-ons to our connectivity business that are a little less capital intensive that might be that next thing that we can interest our customers in and making an incremental purchase decision from us that is going to be an entry to connectivity and how they use our core services. And, do not know if and when something like that will pop around, but certainly if it does, I would spend a lot of time understanding whether or not we can build some organic value for the shareholder as a result of it. On the FCC orders, here's what I would tell you right now. I think we are in a great place. We talked a little bit about this in December when we had you all together, and I think I characterized it at the time that we have been working on this for a number of years and that there had been a lot of pick and shovel work to get to this time and a lot of which we were not necessarily exposing you to or talking about, but to get to the moment we talked about in December, fifty years of work at the state level, took a lot of work internally about reordering data and structuring organizations differently. To get focused on things, to get the work set up properly, and I felt like we had it all in a pretty decent package, and I used the characterization in December, and I said it felt like we are about ready to move from maybe an environment where there was a bit of regulatory headwinds or little reticence to change to one with regulatory tailwinds. And that ended up being true. And I think this FCC, since it seeded what, ninety days ago, has already moved to take out some procedural steps on the applications that we had pending to begin doing the things in wire centers that we articulated to you in December we needed to do to pull those costs out. And I think we are sitting at somewhere along the lines right now about twenty-five percent of our wire centers where we have what I would call fairly clean sailing to act on all the plans that we told you we needed to do to sunset, and we have more applications now pending. And we are actively working with the FCC about how to do that more effectively. I would tell you right now my bias internally as I talk with our folks is I think we now are focused on the effectiveness of our execution and less on the effectiveness of our operational execution and less on the effectiveness of the execution of our legal and regulatory affairs organization. And I am going to say that deliberately because internally, I know there will be a couple of departments that will be running down the hallways, cheering and skipping and saying that they are not on the critical path anymore. And that's the way I feel. And I feel that we are now at a point where our operating groups need to go get the work done. And there's plenty of runway in front of them to do that. And they are doing that and beginning to step up on that, and that's how the management team is focused. We still have regulatory steps to get through, but I am not worried about those becoming inhibitors for us to achieve the guidance that we put in front of you back in December.

Thanks a lot.

We will go to the next question. And our next question comes from John Hodulik with UBS. Go ahead.

Great. Thank you. And I think you two quick ones. First for Pascal, is there any way to frame the impact of the or quantify the impact of the higher upgrade that you are seeing so far in the second quarter guess you gave us the free cash flow. So but for the quarter, but anything on what that could do to us wireless margins or wireless EBITDA growth. That's number one. And then on the business side, if we add back the vendor adjuster it looks like EBITDA was only down about five percent. Is this a good rate going forward? I mean, obviously, the trend had been above twenty percent. You guys have been done a great job on the cost side, but is this about the level that we should expect as we look out over the next twelve months in that segment? Thanks.

Hey, John. Thank you for the question. First on upgrades, here is the way I think you should think about it. Probably late in Q1, and as I mentioned in my comments in Q2, we have accelerated in Q3 too. We saw an acceleration of upgrades. We think some of this may be a pull forward in anticipation of the tariffs. So in terms of Q2, I would expect elevated levels of upgrades. I mean, you see Q1 as a benchmark. I think, you know, thinking about it in the context of at least around the same levels. And so as you make your way through the balance of the year, of course, we are always impacted by the normal seasonality that you get with upgrades. Being more heavily weighted towards the second half of the year. But you know, I think that's a good way to think about our upgrade. And you know, we might be seeing how much of this was pulled forward from the second half. In terms of business wireline performance, I would start and say we are really pleased with the execution of the team. You know, there's a new leadership team in place there, and they have come in. And I think they have gotten the organization focused. On driving growth in connectivity revenues, and we are pleased with how that is going. Importantly, they have taken some steps to really rationalize some of the cost base recognizing that they still have a pretty meaningful base of legacy revenues. I think this quarter you benefited from price increases on legacy plans. Those price increases typically come with higher churn as you make your way through subsequent quarters. So I think as you think about the balance of the year, we do expect some of the trends to moderate and that we will see a pickup in legacy revenue declines as you make your way through. Also, this quarter, we benefited from the settlement. I mentioned in my commentary, that was think about that as around forty-five million dollars. So we are really pleased but I think it's too early to really change our outlook for that segment.

Thanks, John. We have the next question, please.

Thank you. And our next question comes from Michael Rollins with Citi. Please go ahead.

Thanks, and good morning. Two topics. If I could. First, AT&T Inc. reported an acceleration of fixed wireless net adds, and it coming at a time when you are expanding the mid-band 5G coverage. So curious if you can give us an update on how AT&T Inc. is looking at the penetration and financial prospects from X Wireless. And do these network enhancements give you an expanded opportunity to take more share of broadband outside of the fifty plus, you know, million passing that you are trying to get to with fiber by the end of this decade. And then just second on ARPU. Just curious when you think about pricing actions that AT&T Inc. has employed over the last couple of years, and you set that against the competitive backdrop and macro landscape. Could you just frame the opportunities for AT&T Inc. to continue to improve ARPU for both postpaid phones and the fiber subscribers. Thanks.

Morning, Mike. So as I just mentioned, part of what's happening on the fixed wireless side is as we have done the modernization of the conversion of the Alcatel Lucent. Excuse me. Nokia. I am dating myself. The Nokia footprint into the Ericsson footprint, that conversion as we go into those geographies opens up territory where we because we had not done the modernization to the level we like with all of our Spectrum assets and the most modern equipment they typically were not open for fixed wireless access. And that has opened up some footprint that will continue to open up as we go through that over the course of the next couple of years. And, I would also tell you on the margin we are seeing better performance off of that investment than what we would have anticipated. So as we kind of thought about one of the economic reasons why we felt this was the right move, we understood that we would get some better yields off the network given the equipment deployments we were using, the more modern equipment, some of the strategies around how we would actually integrate on a single vendor solution and those are helping. We have also been doing the network is a living, breathing thing. We have gotten better at yield and traffic management. In some ways that we can use some of those efficiencies back against the network in places maybe we had not anticipated. Two years ago that have opened up some opportunity. And I would just tell you our strategy overall around how we think about using fixed wireless access has not changed. But what's happening is I think you are seeing the learning benefits of focus. The business, in my estimation, has a much clearer point of view right now on the multiyear capital deployment and what we are doing and what footprints in terms of our investment. And so this is it's not just about where you are deploying fiber and where you are not. It's about what you need to do to make sure that you can transition out of legacy services, so that you have the right infrastructure in place, whether it be wireless, fixed, to serve those customers, I think that clarity and the repeatability of that month in and month out is allowing all the organizations that are necessary to serve customers and sell product to get a lot better at what they are doing. And so we are moving up that learning curve of where we want to deploy our fixed wireless muscle all consistent with what I talked about before, which is we like to use it as a catch product from legacy broadband services that we are not going to invest in building fiber in. We would like to use it as a holding product when we know we are going to be building fiber within a period of time, but we can provide a better solution or some market penetration on a converged basis until that fiber gets there. What we can do in the business segment where the portfolio of the business is clearly a great match for fixed wireless long term, because of their usage characteristics and demand characteristics. All those reasons that we think are the right use cases to deploy we are just getting better at our muscles around how to find those customers, and how to activate that through our various channels and partners to drive that volume. And so I feel really good about the customer base that's coming in. You know, we continue to test that and look at it and say, are we getting the right customers? Are they going to have longevity? Are they going to be profitable? And, I think we will continue to find place to ramp this modestly as we move forward. But nothing's really changed in our point of view other than we are getting better at all aspects of how we run our business. Yields on the wireless network, efficiency, lining up markets to distribution channels, coming up with the right offers that we can make accretive over the long haul. And I think that just means we are going to get better over time. On the ARPU side, look, I am sorry to sound like a broken record. We are going to continue to do what we have done pretty consistently over the last five years, which is we are going to find opportunities in our customer base where we think utility and value has improved tremendously. And because of the performance of the products and how customers are using them. Allow us to have opportunities to possibly adjust what that means for pricing. I think we have done that pretty artfully over the last several years. You see the right trends in our ARPU performance. I think in this quarter, you should see anything in there that you look at and say, that's disconcerting or different than what you have been seeing over the last number of years. We are also going to be very sensitive to the realities of the markets we are in. If we walk into a slower growth economic environment or there's a dynamic that goes on later in this year where growth is not what we expected it to be, then we will be smart about how we work with our customers over the long haul and make sure that we do the right thing to keep the franchise healthy and make sure that we are providing value in the right ways back to those customers. So I will tell you great products, superior products, generally allow you to have a little bit more pricing flexibility, and I have been saying all along you should expect that since fiber is the best fixed broadband product in the market over time, you are going to continue to see margins improve on it. You are going to see its scale operationally. You are going to see it get more profitable. And you are seeing that. And I do not think we are at the end of that runway. Of that dynamic continuing to materialize.

Alright. Thanks for the questions, Mike. We are going to go to the next one. Operator?

Absolutely. Our next question comes from Bryan Kraft of Deutsche Bank. Please go ahead.

Thanks. Good morning. Just regarding Pascal's churn comments, I wanted to follow-up there. I think you said, Pascal, that 2Q would be similar to 1Q and then second half would be characterized by typical seasonality. Assume that means we should look at historical sequential step-ups in the back half of the year off of 2Q and estimated churns that right way to think about. And, also, in general, how much of the higher churn is a function of, would you say contract roll-offs picking up versus increased competitive intensity, and then lastly, I was wondering if you would just comment on your outlook for gross ad in year over year gross ads to continue. And lastly, if upgrades are being pulled forward due to tariff concerns, do you think switching between carriers is also being pulled forward? It seems like both yourselves and Verizon yesterday are talking about pretty strong gross ad performance currently.

Hey, Bryan. Thank you for the question. Remember, coming into the year, we said that we would have a higher level of contract roll-offs this year. And we also said that we would expect the overall industry growth to be lower than it has been. Those two factors were baked into our expectations that this year we would have higher churn than we saw last year. I think as a good rule of thumb, 2023 was probably a year where we had similar levels of contract roll-offs that we are seeing in 2025. And so I think that's a good benchmark for thinking about how this is playing out in 2025. In terms of gross adds, what I can tell you is what we have seen so far in the second quarter. We, you know, we have continued with really good performance, and we are happy with how the team is executing and competing for the gross adds in the market place.

Bryan, I would just add in. I mean, obviously, we gave you some guidance and we characterized for you what we expect. In growth in our wireless business, and we do expect to continue growing our, if you know, it's a math issue, it turns up a little bit. Yeah. Gross is going to end up going up a little bit as a result of that. That's kind of plan we are operating to right now, and that's all baked into what we just articulated for you moving forward. But what I would stress is comments I made earlier in the call, which is how we are focusing on which customers to bring in as we are driving those gross additions and our focus on the high-value customers, especially in the converge space. And when you LTVs are going up because you can consolidate customers and we just gave you an indication that that's the case, then you obviously maybe invest a little bit differently as a result of that. And what I think we are doing, I am very comfortable with, relative to the customers I see coming in, and our ability to put incremental products and services on them that have durability and longevity and whether that's a fiber customer that, you know, we are adding wireless onto or the other way around, or it's the newly consolidated fixed wireless access customer that has good runway because of the profile of the network in that area that ultimately can consolidates wireless lines.

I am willing to invest in those in the right way because of that increased lifetime value. And, I think we are doing a good job of making that happen and I am very comfortable running that play moving forward through the balance of this year. Thanks for the questions, Bryan.

Thank you.

We will go next question, operator. Next question comes from Sebastiano Petti with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Hi. Thank you for taking the question. Just wanted to maybe I guess, kind of wrap in, you know, Bryan as well as John and Mike's question just you know, help us think about I guess, the comfort or the confidence in getting to the higher end of the mobility service revenue, I guess, more particularly the EBITDA guidance of the higher end of three percent to four percent. Just what underlies or underscores that confidence from the management team just kind of given the higher activity that we are seeing here? Obviously, cost opportunities, but just could double click on that a little bit. And then, John, going back to perhaps what you talked about of you know, the longer-term plans were based on low single-digit GDP moderating inflation and the management team's ability to adjust your operating posture to prioritize free cash flow, does that put your forty-five million fiber target passing, you know, at risk at all as you think about or extrapolate over the next several years? Thank you.

Let me start. In terms of how to think about mobility, this past quarter, we delivered three point five percent growth. And it's important to keep in mind that we that included a cost of launching. Our AT&T Inc. guarantee. And so it so we were able to absorb that higher promotions and still delivered three and a half percent growth. As I look at the rest of the year, here are a couple of things to keep in mind. There are some adjustments we are going to we have made on auto bill pay discount, which should also help the balance of the year. Also, we said we are accelerating some of our cost actions that were planned for later in the year we are moving those forward. That will help AT&T Inc. Mobility from here.

Overall, we feel really good about the market we put out there at the beginning of the year, and we continue to march towards that. I do not know. I guess to answer your question, I obviously like everybody else and my visibility is not perfect right now. I wake up every morning expecting that I could see something today that I had not seen before that we have to adjust to. I feel good about our flexibility in being able to do that given where the business is right now after several years of really hard work. To give us that latitude. The way I think about our capital allocation and it's really related to how I characterize our confidence in moving forward with share buyback right now. Trying to be pretty deliberate and foundational and strategic in how we do these things and as I shared I think fiber's a fundamental element to communications networks moving forward. I view it as a very long-lived asset. We are investing in this not for this year or next year. We are investing in for decades. I view the restructuring reordering of the industry that we are in a fairly seminal moment around that. That there's a window here as a result of that reordering that window is not going to stay open forever. And I look at the characteristics of the business case of fiber. And I would say that when you have a deployment and an investment, that does not require what I would say is new market development, but a share take. But, you know, the growth environment in aggregate is less of an impact on it. The not like all those customers are going to disappear. There's still homes out there with people in them that want a better service. And so historically, my bias is when you get into these economic cycles, you use your balance sheet and your strength to continue to press your bets that are the right long-term bets are going to help you be in a better position structurally. And as I think about our investments in fiber, I have a lot of reasons to think about that's an important structural long-term bet that we want to make sure we continue to push ahead on. Our supply chain's in pretty good shape on that front. We have talked about this several times. We have longer-term contracts with our suppliers. There's been a lot of work to reassure and manufacture the United States key elements of it and the most important element of building fiber is services. It's people power. And those all are people who work here in the United States, and they are not subject to the dynamics of tariffs and things like that. So I feel like we can manage through the cost side of it pretty well. And so my bias would be that that's a place we continue to lean in and push on and execute to our plan.

Thanks for the questions, Sebastiano.

We will go to the next question, please.

You. And our final question today comes from Jim Schneider of Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions two if I may. First is on the overall consumer health. How would you kind of characterize the state of the consumer at this point? Obviously, many moving parts in this market. But do you see any evidence of consumers less willing trade up or even trading down or consumer credit quality issues that may sort of be impacting things in over the next couple of quarters. From what you can see today. And the second is on capital allocation. Can you maybe just sort of frame your earlier comments on M and A and buybacks in terms of is the buyback guidance you have provided independent of any inorganic activities you might consider, or is it contingent on it? And if it's contingent, is there a minimum level of buybacks you would not go below? Thank you.

Hi, Jim. So I think the short answer to your question is I am not seeing anything right now in a change in any dynamics of consumer behavior that I would say is out of pattern or out of trend to the business with maybe a couple things on the margin. One is I think the prepay market is a little bit slower than it had been. I think that's probably an artifact of some degree of immigration but I do not know that that's economic per se. I am not concerned about it. It's what we had expected and have been sharing with you that I would have expected that dynamic to evolve as the policies of the United States changed around it. And you know, I think what Pascal shared with you earlier, which is maybe there's some behavior in the right now where some people are trying to get ahead of perceptions of what might happen to unit costs on things that are important to them and pre-buying as a result of that, and we will see if that is in fact the case. Our sense is that there's a little bit of that going on and how that sustains itself over what period of time and when does that shift. I do not know. But other than that, I think that's all I have seen. I certainly watch what's going on in the broader economy. Do not have any news to break on that. It's not my news. It's, you know, what I see macroeconomists representing. It's what I hear from retailers. We continue to pay attention to it. But as we started out, as I shared with you in my opening comments, the good news is, you know, we are not showing up. We are not that dining out experience. We are not a discretionary choice. We are pretty far down the list of things that people are going to part ways with if they are managing dollars and cents and, I think that's a good place to be. And I believe the combination, as I said earlier, opportunities to run our business more efficiently. Are opportunities to take share in places and still grow even if it's growing on more value-oriented plans. Pretend well for the company even if some consumers are going to put off choices on some upgrades or incremental purchases in places. The question on the Oh, I am sorry, the capital allocation. I apologize if small trivial question. Look. We gave you our guidance and our commitment in our order of capital allocation for a reason. And we intend to execute it carry it through, and that's a priority for this management team and the business to do that. I cannot see everything in the future. I do not know that something does not come up, but we are starting down this path. Our confidence in our share buyback is indicative of the fact we are starting it early that we are doing it at a time where I think some would say the visibility is not as great right now as it was six months ago. Because we believe strongly in it. We think it's the right thing to do, and I am committed to executing and carrying it forward.

Thanks for the question, Jim.

This concludes today's conference call. We thank you all for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect your lines and have a wonderful day.