Greetings, and welcome to the Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2021 Results Conference Call. At this time all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question-and-answer session will follow the formal presentation. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to your host, Dana Lynch, Aurinia's Director of Corporate Communications and Corporate Affairs. Thank you. You may begin.

Thank you, Melissa, and thank you all for joining today's call to discuss Aurinia's 2021 fourth quarter and year-end financial results. Joining me this morning are Peter Greenleaf, President and CEO; and Joe Miller, Chief Financial Officer, who will be leading the call. Other members of the executive team, specifically, Max Colao, Chief Commercial Officer; and Dr. Neil Solomons, Chief Medical Officer, will be available at the conclusion of our presentation for the Q&A portion of the call. This morning, we issued a press release announcing our financial results and recent operational highlights and filed our Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more information, please refer to our filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, which are also available on our website at www.auriniapharma.com. During this call, we may make forward-looking statements based on our current expectations. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of significant risks and uncertainties, and our actual results may differ materially. For a discussion of factors that could affect our future financial results and business, please refer to the disclosures in our press release and our Annual Report on Form 10-K, along with all of our recent filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and Canadian Securities Authorities. Please note that all statements made during today's call are current as of today, February 28, 2022, unless otherwise noted and are based upon the information currently available to us at this time. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any such statements. Let me now turn the call over to Aurinia's President and CEO, Peter Greenleaf. Peter?

Thanks, Dana, and thanks to everyone for joining us today. 2021 was a transformational year for Aurinia. Across every part of the company, we achieved major strategic and operational milestones. With these achievements, we evolved from being a small drug development company with limited capabilities to become a fully integrated revenue-producing biopharmaceutical company. To start the year, we received U.S. FDA approval for LUPKYNIS in lupus nephritis, a serious and life-threatening rare disease, by demonstrating superior clinical results over the current standard of care. We jumped immediately into launching our first commercial product. And with that, we shifted from strictly cash utilization to cash generation and the ability to now treat and serve patients and health care professionals in the community. In June, we hit another major milestone with the filing of a marketing authorization application for approval of voclosporin with the European Medicines Agency. This was a key step in globalizing our business alongside our partner, Otsuka, and in furthering our ability to serve patients beyond the U.S. To establish our leadership in lupus nephritis, we recognize that clinical evidence and the ongoing data generation is paramount to driving LUPKYNIS adoption, as well as establishing its duration of therapy. In June last year, the Lancet published the LUPKYNIS pivotal registrational study, and in December, we also unveiled the positive results of the AURORA 2 continuation study. LUPKYNIS is now the first and only FDA-approved medicine for lupus nephritis with three years of pivotal trial results, including long-term safety data. The AURORA 2 results will be submitted to the FDA in connection with our post-marketing commitments in the first half of this year, and will also be added to our package of information being submitted to the EMA, supplementing our already filed MAA. We filed this additional data, and we believe it will be important to prescribers in assessing the long-term benefits of using LUPKYNIS in the treatment of lupus nephritis. Finally, we took the first big step in 2021 towards diversifying our pipeline and driving new innovation with the acquisition of two preclinical compounds. With the addition of these assets, as well as building out our capabilities in research, translational medicine and process development, we have moved forward from a single-asset company to a now diversified integrated biopharma organization. In a year of major milestones, I'm most proud of the team's accomplishments in realizing our vision to serve patients impacted by this rare autoimmune disease. I'm confident that this work will progress, putting us in a position of strength to drive future growth. With that, all this context, I'm now going to move to provide further detail on, first, our fourth quarter and full year commercial results, followed by our outlook for 2022 with LUPKYNIS revenue guidance. I'll then provide an update on our globalization efforts for voclosporin. And I'll also touch on the status of our pipeline and give a preview of our anticipated business milestones. Finally, I'll roll that all up and review our current financial position. So let's begin with our business performance relative to the U.S. launch of LUPKYNIS. In the fourth quarter, we generated $23.4 million in net sales, representing an increase of 60% from the prior quarter, bringing total recognized revenue for 2021 to $45.6 million, which is right on target with where we guided for 2021. We are very pleased with these strong results, especially considering we built our commercial team, launched our product and achieved all of these results while managing the impact and unpredictability of the ongoing and unprecedented COVID-19 global pandemic. Our commercial launch metrics and impact continue to improve across multiple dimensions. In Q4, we added 477 new patient start forms, ending the total year with 1,572 patient start forms. The months of October and November showed notable PSF growth over the prior quarter. While in December, we did see a slowdown in PSF, as the Omicron variant of COVID started to impact our prescriber and patient universe. In addition, we continue to see progress in moving PSFs to patients on therapy. 60-day PSF conversion rates are now in excess of 70%. We are also on track with ongoing improvements in both 30 and 60-day conversion rates each month. On the patient access front, we are making great headway. Aurinia has confirmed patient access to LUPKYNIS through payers and plans that represent roughly 90% of U.S. total lives. This notable improvement reflects the efforts of our access team in working with payers to develop more LUPKYNIS specific coverage policies and the efforts of our personalized patient support team to ensure that patients can begin treatment as quickly as possible. Of course, and unfortunately, as more patients begin treatment with LUPKYNIS, we can expect to see some more patient discontinuations. While it's still too early to see statistically significant trends in overall drop-off rates, thus far, discontinuations are aligned with what we tracked in our clinical trials, which is about 25% to 30%. When we look at patient adherence with LUPKYNIS, here, too, it is too early to cite emerging trends. Remember, the emerging LUPKYNIS patients on drug started treatment in mid-Q3 and Q4 of 2021. Obviously, in most cases, these patients have only been on treatment between three to six months, so we will need more time to understand overall adherence rates. As we gather more information on patient adherence and persistence, we will continue to work with our advocacy partners and through our personalized patient support resource, Aurinia Alliance, and direct-to-consumer activities to provide education, tools and support to ensure patients adhere to their treatment and to improve the continuity of their overall lupus nephritis care. When we look at 2022, we have, thus far, experienced the same circumstances that most other specialty pharma companies worked through at the beginning of the calendar year. Changes in employer-covered insurance carriers and policies, along with patient co-pay resets, can slow things down when getting patients off to a start or refilling their medications at the start of the year. And of course, the COVID pandemic, and in particular, the Omicron variant, has significantly impacted our patient base and continues to impact access and continuity to overall treatment and care. This is reflected in our overall PSFs numbers to date, which totaled 1,773 since launch through last week. These results point to our strong first year, coupled with the slowdown during the early start of the second year. We have confidence that our commercial capabilities will deliver quarter-over-quarter growth in 2021, and we will continue to execute and drive growth. Building on the strong momentum we saw in Q4, and in spite of the challenges we're experiencing in Q1, we are setting guidance for revenue from sales of LUPKYNIS to be in the range of $115 million to $130 million for the fiscal year of 2022. This range represents an increase of more than 150% to 200% in revenue, which we see as aggressive growth year-over-year in light of the challenging environment we're currently facing. We are confident we can achieve these results by driving new prescriptions and ensuring efficient and seamless conversion of patient starts to patients on treatment. Our guidance does not include milestone payments, royalties or manufacturing revenue or anticipated ex-US sales related to our licensing agreement with Otsuka to market voclosporin in the European Union and Japan. As a reminder, Aurinia will receive up to $30 million upon EMA approval, contingent upon the favorability of the approved label as well as low double-digit royalties on sales and supply cost recovery through a cost-plus arrangement. As reported previously, we filed our marketing authorization application in Europe in June of 2021, and we're working closely with Otsuka to support the approval process. This includes submission of answers to the standard 120-day questions posed by the European Medicines Agency, as well as sharing our most recent AURORA 2 data with them. We are pleased that the process has been moving along as expected, and we continue to expect EMA approval in the second half of 2022. Let's now shift gears to research and development work we're doing here at Aurinia. As I've mentioned, in December, we reported on the final positive results of the AURORA 2 continuation study. Data from this study, which looked at 216 patients continuing from the AURORA 1 study for an additional 24 months of treatment, reinforces the favorable risk-benefit profile of LUPKYNIS over a three-year period with safety comparable to that seen in the original AURORA 1 as well as sustained efficacy. We plan to submit a manuscript for peer-review publication in the first half of this year, as well as abstract submissions for presentations at major scientific conferences throughout 2022 and 2023. All of this activity should provide further support for healthcare professionals, patients, and payers to safely continue LUPKYNIS treatment beyond one year of therapy. Other LUPKYNIS clinical work will be ongoing this year as well, with the continued recruitment of patients into the vocal pediatric study and the setup of trial sites for the ENLIGHT-LN REGISTRY. To remind you, we aim to initiate up to 75 sites in the U.S. for this registry study and plan to leverage real-world data collected to gain further knowledge about patients and LUPKYNIS. The insights we gained from this study would then be shared with clinicians and payers to improve patient care and ensure access to therapy. Our research team continues to drive IND-enabling work on our pipeline assets, AUR200 and AUR300, and we plan to submit INDs for both compounds in 2023. As you can imagine, these are important next steps in the build-out of our pipeline for the future. I'm happy to report that all of this work achieved, we continue to operate with a healthy balance sheet, including approximately $466 million of cash equivalents and investments on hand and no outstanding debt. With the strength of our balance sheet and the cash flows incoming from LUPKYNIS, we can fund our business for the next few years. I will now turn the call over to Joe Miller for more detail on these activities in our financials. I'll return at the end of the call to recap and also to answer any questions you might have.

Thank you, Peter, and good morning, everyone. As Peter previously stated, as of December 31, 2021, Aurinia had cash and cash equivalents and investments of $466.1 million compared to $422.7 million at December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily due to the receipt of net proceeds from the company's ATM offering, cash receipts from the sale of LUPKYNIS and cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options and warrants, offset by the commercial infrastructure spend to support the launch of LUPKYNIS. It also includes payments for inventory and upfront payment made as part of our collaboration agreement with Lonza to build a dedicated manufacturing capability for our monoplant and an upfront license payment related to our recently acquired developmental programs, AUR200 and AUR300. As a reminder, in the prior year, the company was still in the FDA pre-approval phase of LUPKYNIS and was only in the beginning phase of building out its commercial and back-office infrastructure. Regarding the ATM mentioned early, we raised net proceeds of $196.7 million in the fourth quarter at an average price of $19.91. The company has terminated this ATM effective as of today. There will be no more sales under the ATM. We believe that we have sufficient financial resources to fund our current plans, which include funding commercial activities, including FDA-related post-approval commitments, manufacturing and packaging of commercial drug supply, funding our supporting commercial infrastructure, conducting planned research and development programs, investing in our pipeline, executing on our business development strategy, and funding our operating activities for at least the next few years. Total net revenue was $23.4 million and $50 million for the quarters ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. Total net revenue was $45.6 million and $50.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The net revenue for the quarter ended and year ended December 31, 2021, primarily consisted of commercial sale of LUPKYNIS following FDA approval in January of 2021. Total revenue for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2020, was primarily due to an upfront payment from Otsuka of $50 million, resulting from entering into our collaboration agreement with them. Cost of sales were $500,000 and zero for the quarters ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Cost of sales were $1.1 million and zero for the years ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. In 2020, the company did not have any drugs approved for commercial sale and the upfront payment from Otsuka did not have cost of sales associated with it. Gross margins for the 3 and 12 months ended December 31, 2021, was approximately 98%. Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses were $44.2 million and $38.8 million for the quarters ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, SG&A expenses were $171.4 million and $96 million, respectively. The increase for both periods was due to an increase in employee-related costs associated with the expansion of the commercial and administrative functions to support the launch and commercialization of LUPKYNIS, which ramped up during the third quarter of 2020. Also contributing was an increase in travel, trade shows, and sponsorships connected to sales activity occurring throughout 2021. Non-cash SG&A share-based compensation expenses were $7.2 million and $4.5 million for the quarters ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, SG&A non-cash share-based compensation expense was $26.4 million and $13.6 million, respectively. For the quarters ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, research and development expenses were $11.1 million and $13.2 million. The primary driver for the decrease was due to the decrease in employee-related costs due to the allocation of certain costs post-FDA approval to SG&A and the termination of certain programs in late 2020. For the years ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, R&D expenses were $51.1 million and $50.3 million, respectively. The primary drivers for the increase were due to an upfront license and accrued milestone expenses related to our recently acquired developmental programs, AUR200 and AUR300, and higher clinical research organization expenses related to new clinical programs, offset by a decrease in voclosporin development costs following the approval of LUPKYNIS. Non-cash R&D share-based compensation expense was $1.2 million and $600,000 for the quarters ended December 31, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, R&D-related non-cash share-based compensation expense was $4.4 million and $3.7 million, respectively. For the quarters ended December 31, 2021, Aurinia reported a net loss of $33.3 million or $0.25 net loss per common share as compared to a net loss of $8.1 million, or $0.06 net loss per common share for the quarter ended December 31, 2020. For the years ended December 31, 2021, Aurinia reported a net loss of $181 million or $1.40 net loss per common share as compared to a net loss of $102.7 million or $0.87 net loss per common share for the previous period. With that, I would like to hand the call back over to Peter for some closing remarks.

Thanks, Joe. As you heard throughout the call, we made a profound impact in 2021, delivering a safe and effective treatment to a patient population with high underserved needs and growing our company to ensure continued commitment to our mission of serving patients for the years to come. I want to thank everyone again for joining us today. We'll now open up the microphone to your questions.

Our first question comes from the line of Alethia Young with Cantor Fitzgerald. Please proceed with your question.

Hey guys. Thanks for taking my question. Maybe just one and maybe 1.5. Just could you talk a little bit more maybe about the potential cadence of the COVID-19 impacts that you're seeing. Do you expect it to kind of be sustained over the year? Is that what you're factoring in? And then also, can you just characterize how these impacts are different than what you may have seen in the first 12 months of launch last year versus what's been going on with Omicron? Thank you.

Thank you for the question. While we're not providing quarter-on-quarter guidance, we want to clarify that, like any specialty pharma company, we're experiencing the typical start-of-year challenges such as changes in patient insurance plans and co-pay resets. Additionally, the Omicron variant affected us during the last weeks of December and into January, although we see signs of improvement. In relation to our annual guidance, we expect the impact from the Omicron variant to decrease. Every January and early February, we generally encounter these challenges, similar to other companies in our sector. Therefore, we anticipate the first quarter may be affected, but we expect to return to a healthy growth trajectory from Q2 through Q4.

Okay. And just to clarify because I've gotten this question already. You guys feel confident about the trends that are underlying? The launch besides the things that you've highlighted like COVID and payer dynamics in the first quarter, but you feel like the trends and growth are still there for this product?

That's correct.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Maury Raycroft with Jefferies. Please proceed with your question.

Hi good morning and thanks for taking my question. I was just wondering if you could provide more specifics around reasons for discontinuation and adherence challenges, and how this compared to what you saw in clinical studies? And if you can talk more about your assumptions for 2022 and how you talked a little bit about managing some of these issues throughout the year. Can you talk more about how you're planning on doing that?

Sure. So on discontinuations and adherence, I would tell you that the reasons are across the board. What I would underscore is, they're not payer related. It's not like we're getting PSFs that come in and then the payer is not paying for the drug. That's not been one of the ones we've seen. But to try to range in on a host from a host of different reasons as to why patients might be discontinuing their product, it’s kind of across the board right now. Everything from tolerability to patients just not picking up prescriptions, which we are trying to flesh out more. Remember, we're dealing with primarily a patient population that's an African-American, Hispanic and Asian female population in the U.S., and we can look to other disease states as analogs to understand that adherence and longer-term compliance are a challenge with that population in general. So we're looking at this one closely. And when we have more data, especially on the adherence side, the long-term persistency, we'll provide some guidance and steer there. But as we said, since the majority of patients have gone on in the third and fourth quarter of this year to really report out on what three and six months persistency looks like, I don't think it would be really a good characterization of where we are and where we're potentially going. So it's across the board, Maury. And it pretty much maps to what we saw in our clinical trials.

Got it. Okay. And maybe just quick questions, in your 10-K, you note that Sun filed an IPR against your 036 patent. And I'm just wondering if you can comment on your latest thoughts on IP positioning and also this particular issue?

Sure. Thank you for the question. We received notice of an inter partes review petition filed on February 24 regarding our patent related to the LUPKYNIS dosing protocol for lupus nephritis used in our clinical trials. This patent is valid until December 2037. It’s too early to provide a complete assessment of this IPR, which was filed by Sun Pharmaceuticals, a company we are also suing for patent infringement in a different matter. We are confident in our ability to defend all our patents. This specific patent underwent significant review by the U.S. Patent and Trade Office before being validated. We are preparing our response, and we will vigorously defend this patent against any challenges. Regarding our litigation with Sun, which was disclosed in our 10-K, we initiated a lawsuit in December 2020 in the U.S. District Court, New Jersey, over patent infringement related to Sun’s CEQUA product, an immunosuppressant ophthalmic solution, prior to the expiration of our patents for voclosporin's ophthalmic solution. We are seeking a ruling that Sun has infringed our patents, an injunction to prevent their manufacturing and selling of CEQUA, and monetary relief. Sun has denied the infringement claims or argued that our patents are valid. We are currently exchanging initial pleadings and patent disclosures and engaging in claim construction. The trial for this matter is expected to occur around March 2023. This provides the full background on the Sun litigation and the IPR situation.

Got it. Okay. That’s helpful. Thanks for taking my questions.

Thanks, Maury.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Joseph Schwartz with SVB Securities. Please proceed with your question.

Hi. Thanks very much. I was wondering if you could help us understand the main assumptions underlying your 2022 revenue guidance for LUPKYNIS in terms of things like patient start forms, conversion rates and times, and discontinuations, either on an absolute basis or relative to what you've been seeing? And then I think, Peter, a couple of weeks ago at our healthcare conference, you had shared some plans to issue aggressive guidance. Are there particular aspects of this revenue guidance that are aggressive or more aggressive than others?

Let me start by emphasizing that the projected growth of 150 to 200-plus percent year-on-year is quite ambitious, especially considering the challenges we are all facing at the beginning of the year due to the Omicron variant and its effects on offices, companies, representatives, and patients. Most companies seem to be preparing for difficulties in this area. Therefore, achieving such growth, which involves more than doubling our business year-on-year, is indeed bold. This context underpins my comments heading into the conference and my remarks today. Regarding our forecast for the year, while we don’t provide quarter-by-quarter guidance, the basis for reaching these numbers relies on returning to substantial growth in prescription start forms after the first quarter and maintaining adherence levels similar to what we are observing now, which we estimate is around 25% to 30% coming out of our clinical trials. We also need to see good long-term persistency. However, it is challenging to assess how long patients have been on the drug and what standards we need to maintain. All of these elements are important considerations, Joe.

Thank you for the information. I have a quick question regarding the EU approval, which we hope to receive later this year. I believe the potential milestones range from $15 million to $30 million, depending on the label. Could you provide more insight into the factors that will influence whether we reach the higher or lower end of that range?

Yeah, I'll try to oversimplify it. If we come with a label that's very similar to what we see in the U.S., you can feel confident that we'll get a full $30 million. There are other areas such as length of therapy, etc. that if those were more constrained in Europe, we might get the lower end of that range. We feel really confident because of the AURORA 2 continuation study in a way that the 120-day comments came back that we should be on the upper end of that. But obviously, you never know until we actually get the approval, which is targeted for the back half of this year.

Excellent. Thanks very much for the help.

Thanks, Joe.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Stacy Ku with Cowen and Company. Please proceed with your question.

Good morning. Thank you for taking our questions. I have a question regarding the net pricing per patient for LUPKYNIS as we consider Q4. Based on the pricing metrics you provided related to enrollment forms and conversion, it appears that the pricing is significantly better than our initial estimate of $65,000 annually, suggesting we may be approaching $100,000. Any guidance you could provide would be appreciated. Additionally, considering the potentially stronger pricing and your comments, do we expect to see a significant drop in the conversion of enrollment forms from Q4 to Q1? Thank you.

So let me start with the first. On net pricing, we maintained the previous guidance of $65,000 net or higher. And the reason that we are not giving sort of quarterly adjustments to this is it almost aligns directly with my previous commentary on patient persistency. Until we really know what the average dose is going to look like on a monthly basis, but more importantly, how the average length of therapy is going to look per patient, it's hard to estimate and not give the Street overconfidence in a number that could vary. What we can tell you is that we're confident that right now our $65,000 net estimate or above is where we're tracking. And it seems like that should stay consistent throughout. We've not commented on sort of breaking down net versus total number of patients on therapy, etc. because those numbers can swing around. Lastly, your question on patient start forms and how we should be thinking of that first quarter versus rest of the quarters of the year. As I said to previous questions, I think it's safe to say, while we're not giving quarterly guidance, that we see a softness in the first quarter in patient start forms, and we would estimate that we're going to need to see a pickup in patient start forms as we move into Q2 and Q3 and Q4, obviously, for the rest of the year. And we feel confident that those trends are starting to move in the right direction.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Ed Arce with H.C. Wainwright. Please proceed with your question.

Hi, thank you for taking my questions and congratulations on a strong end to the year. I have a couple of questions. First, can you discuss what you see as the main challenges to achieving further sales growth in 2022, especially in light of your strong guidance? Clearly, with the ongoing COVID and Omicron variant situation as well as the current 90% payer coverage, what do you see as the significant challenges this year and what key factors might contribute to potential growth? I also have a follow-up.

Yeah. I think it's twofold, one is, obviously, this COVID environment, and listen, I'm sure investors have heard plenty of other companies characterize this, but from our perspective, it impacts the entire ecosphere, right? Like our direct representatives, it's their ability to get access to institutions, into offices. Inclusive of that, it's the way patients – or excuse me, physicians and physicians' office staff are operating today. And then lastly, and I think most importantly, which will bleed into my second comment, is the fact that patients and how they relate to the health care system, how aggressively they are at keeping their visits on the books, to picking up their medications, etc. have all been impacted. We previously quoted growth or lack of growth in 2020 to 2021 in new diagnosis for lupus nephritis, at least from our ICD-9 code poll data it showed almost a 30% drop in new patient diagnosis. So that just as one example, so COVID is the only thing we can point to as to why these numbers have declined. And obviously, there have been other companies that can't come out and even said that, cancer therapies, cancer diagnosis, adherence to chemotherapeutic regimens have seen direct input as well. So I won't belabor that one anymore because I think that, by and large, is the largest swing factor. And as I said, I think we're seeing some really good signs of life that we're moving out of that. The second part for me is, if we can continue to, which we fully expect we will, identify new patients and patient start forms, is how long we're keeping patients on therapy. And of those patients who actually do get the drug approved, how many are actually picking up the prescription and adhering to the profile. And as we've said right now, at least adherence and discontinuations as it pertains to cancellations and discontinuations are about 25% to 30% of our overall patient start forms. It will be interesting and a big swing factor in our forecast this year or a meaningful one to know how long those patients are actually staying on therapy over time, because it just compounds the effect of getting new patients on drug if patients are staying on drug. So one that, we look forward to talking more about as we get more data.

Okay. All right. Thanks for that. And then related to what you just said, second question is around discontinuations. You – as you've said a couple of times already, 25% to 30% is where you're tracking now, similar to your Phase 3. The question is, given – it seems like some mobility or at least effort to improve that over time, where do you think discontinuations could settle into further down the line as sort of a steady state? And then related to that, I'm wondering if there's any expectations, or if you could help us understand the potential impact of any patients that may have dropped off and that may come back later on? Is that something that you think about in factoring as well? Thanks so much.

Yes. Regarding discontinuations, unless we receive new data, we are maintaining our current estimate. We always aim to improve this number through our tactical activities, so the safest approach is to refer to our trials and initial findings while recognizing our ongoing efforts to enhance the situation. We will promptly update you if we observe any improvements. As for your second question, could you please repeat it?

Yes, no problem. Patients that may drop off for whatever reason, and you see them come back. Is that a meaningful proportion given some of these things have nothing to do with the drug at all like just not picking it up and maybe they went to the doctor again and decided to really start the program?

What we do know from just tracking sort of the surrogate drugs that these patients have been on historically, and polling data all the way back to, say, 2017 up until today, is if you look at the actual prescription activity, patients do miss doses here or there. They do seem to cycle on and off of the drug. And I think as many know, that does not align with either the ULR, ACR or CADEGO guidelines that once proteinuria is in control, these guidelines are fairly silent on length of therapy. They say keep patients in control. And I think the reason for that is what we've talked about earlier, that patients can miss a prescription and end up coming back on to growth, at least that's what we've seen through the data. Now how to qualify that against our own data, our hope is that we're going to see more adherence over time. And then as I said, I think we need to see more than 3 months of therapy or 6 months of therapy before we really give any steer on what we think the average adherence will look like. But I think that the net of your question is once a patient is on the drug, are they forever lost to the system? At least the data would say no, that physicians seem to actively put patients back on the drug if they missed picking up a prescription or have fallen out for some reason.

Thanks Peter. That’s all. Appreciate it.

Thank you. Our final question this morning comes from the line of David Martin with Bloom Burton. Please proceed with your question.

Yes. Most of my questions have been answered, but I have kind of a follow-on to the last question. So the discontinuation is 25% to 30%. You said it's not the payers, and it sounds like most physicians are encouraging patients to stay on. But I would go back on if they've dropped off. But are any physicians using us kind of as an induction therapy but not a maintenance therapy?

At least from our perspective, we don't see that being the case. We wouldn't be able to determine why patients are not picking up their prescriptions just by tracking through the Aurinia Alliance. The insights will become clearer as we analyze the persistency trends over time. From our discussions with physicians, no one has indicated that they view this treatment as something to use for induction before transitioning to another therapy. That’s not the prescriber's intent, nor do we believe that is occurring. There are numerous reasons why patients might discontinue or cancel a prescription. These vary widely and do not point to a single trend. Reasons include the office not following through, the patient not following up, a decision not to continue the therapy, or issues with tolerating the therapy. Additionally, factors such as patients changing addresses or phone numbers contribute to follow-up challenges. Therefore, our priority remains to track these patients effectively and to engage as closely as possible through compliant commercial efforts.

Okay. Thanks. And my second question is, do you have any idea of how your lupus nephritis starts and discontinuations compare to Benlysta in lupus nephritis? And any idea what's driving the decision of physicians to treat with one or the other drug?

The first part of your answer, and I always hesitate to speak about other drugs, but I will tell you just from what we track, again, through coding and prescribing data, is they see the same sort of challenges. The difference being is they started at a little bit of a higher base. I think if you go back and look at Benlysta utilization, you tag it to ICD-9 codes, they've been getting pretty active treatment of lupus nephritis patients long before they had approval for the drug. And I think, again, this is a question for them, but my review of that is that's as much patients who've been on the drug for SLE that stay on it through a patient suffering a lupus nephritis bout, and whether the physician decides to just continue the drug or not is TBD. Their new patient growth and their adherence, at least from what we can see and discontinuation results are in line with what we're seeing right now. So I do think it's a population and not drug-based from what I can see. How physicians are making a decision on Benlysta versus our drug is a little bit across the board. But what we do know is that physicians have a unique patient mind for our drug that's different than Benlysta. And we do know that our messaging around the results we've produced in AURORA 1 and in the AURORA 2 continuation study resonate with physicians. I mean, they directly align with what the treatment goals are for therapy here. And right now, at least from what we can see, our data best aligns to the guidelines that are out there in terms of treatment outcomes. So we think we got a good position there, David.

Okay. Thanks.

Thank you. This concludes our question-and-answer session, and thus concludes our call today. We thank you for your interest and participation. You may now disconnect your lines.