Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Health Catalyst, Inc. Q4 2020 Earnings Conference Call. Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference to your speaker today, Adam Brown. Please go ahead, sir.

Good afternoon, and welcome to Health Catalyst's earnings conference call for the fourth quarter of 2020 and the full-year 2020, both of which ended on December 31, 2020. My name is Adam Brown. I'm the senior vice president of investor relations and financial planning and analysis for Health Catalyst. And with me on the call is Dan Burton, our chief executive officer; and Bryan Hunt, our chief financial officer. A complete disclosure of our results can be found in our press release issued today, as well as in our related Form 8-K furnished to the SEC, both of which are available on the Investor Relations section of our website at ir.healthcatalyst.com. As a reminder, today's call is being recorded, and a replay will be available following the conclusion of the call. During the call, we will make forward-looking statements pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding trends, strategies the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and results of operations, our pipeline conversion rates, and our general anticipated performance of the business. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current views and expectations as of today and should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date.

Thank you, Adam, and thank you to everyone who has joined us this afternoon. We are excited to share our fourth-quarter and full-year 2020 financial performance, along with the other highlights from the quarter. I will begin today's call with some commentary on our fourth-quarter 2020 financial results. First, let me share that I am pleased with our financial performance, especially in light of the macroeconomic backdrop. Our Q4 2020 total revenue was $53.3 million, and our adjusted EBITDA was a loss of $4.7 million. I am happy to report that these results exceeded the midpoint of our quarterly guidance. Likewise, I would highlight that our Q4 2020 technology revenue was $32.3 million, which represents 43% growth year over year and 24% growth when excluding the impact of the recent Vitalware acquisition. Now, let me transition to some of the additional highlights from the quarter and full year. You will recall from our previous earnings calls, that we measure our company's performance in three primary strategic objective categories of improvement, growth, and scale. And we'll discuss our quarterly results with you in each of these categories. The first category, improvement, is focused on evaluating our ability to enable massive, measurable improvements for our customers while sustaining industry-leading satisfaction and engagement. I will first share two examples of recently documented customer improvements from newly published case studies. The first improvement vignette highlights our work with one of our customers, supporting their journey to financial and operational recovery from COVID-19. While the latter demonstrates that some customers have widened their focus and are back to leveraging our technology and services to do meaningful improvement work outside of the COVID-19 response. And as you'll note, both examples highlight customers' current focus on leveraging our analytics to target revenue and cost-related improvement. First, Community Health Network leveraged our analytics solutions, including DOS and our solution for COVID-19 financial recovery in the ambulatory setting to understand and optimize its ambulatory operations and economic performance, leveraging ambulatory income statements, productivity metrics, access measures, costing, and revenue cycle performance indicators and payer contracting data. These data-informed insights of health, Community Health Network, improved its ambulatory services, planned for future growth, and retained more than $15.2 million in ambulatory outpatient revenue, supported by a rapid shift to telehealth. Next, let me highlight a recent improvement at the Billings Clinic from their work outside of COVID-19. Billings utilized our solution to understand and identify its various sources of denials and optimize its revenue operations. The new insights and data-informed improvement efforts at Billings led to a $4.5 million reduction in initial denials. Our next strategic objective category is growth, which we define as adding new customers while also deepening existing customer relationships. In this growth category, I will comment on our experiences in Q4 2020, as well as a perspective on the growth environment we anticipate in the near future. To start, I would reiterate past commentary that our national healthcare system continues to experience significant strain given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, we anticipate healthcare providers will be under continued strain over the coming months as healthcare organizations respond to the ongoing COVID-19 cases, coupled with vaccine rollout logistics. We continue to focus on effectively supporting our customers to ensure they successfully manage through this unprecedented time. We also feel encouraged as we witnessed meaningful evidence that the healthcare provider ecosystem is becoming better equipped and prepared to respond to the ongoing pandemic in areas including treatment efficacy, supply chain logistics, capacity planning, and broader operational optimization. Lastly, we feel optimistic as we see early signs of accelerated progress on vaccination efforts. Next, I'll share a perspective about our existing customer relationships in the near term, starting with some additional detail on our technology segment. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, our customers' overall usage of our data platform has continued to increase. Of particular note, our foundational analytics applications, which are crucial components of our COVID-19 technology response, have seen an increase of more than 50% in usage since the onset of the pandemic. Given the meaningful increase in our technology usage throughout 2020, our full-year 2020 technology dollar-based retention was robust, coming in toward the high end of our historical performance, consistent with the expectations that we shared on our last earnings call. On a go-forward basis, we expect continued robust technology dollar-based retention in 2021, in line with historical performance of 107% to 109%. In our professional services segment, we continue to see high levels of engagement across our team member base, which remained engaged on both COVID-19 recovery work, as well as focusing on more general clinical, financial, and operational improvement work. That said, consistent with what we've shared on our Q3 2020 earnings call, the financial strain imposed by COVID-19 on a number of our customers led to a full-year 2020 professional services dollar-based retention in the mid-90s percent, which is meaningfully lower than the 107% to 109% retention rate we have achieved in prior years. On a go-forward basis, we expect our full-year 2021 professional services dollar-based retention performance to be significantly stronger than the 2020 performance. However, we will likely still experience some strain in this area in the first half of 2021 relative to historical levels. Finally, on a combined basis for both technology and professional services, our full-year 2020 dollar-based retention for DOS customers was 102%. Now, let me transition to providing some commentary on new DOS subscription customer addition. Overall, for the full-year 2020, we added nine net new DOS subscription customers, in line with our anticipated performance shared on our Q3 2020 earnings call. To provide some additional context, and as a reminder, as a result of COVID-19, the number of first-half 2020 new customer additions was meaningfully lower than we originally anticipated entering the year. As we entered the second half of 2020, we were pleased to see healthcare organizations effectively adjusting to this new operating environment, with COVID-19 significantly highlighting the need for a more robust commercial-grade data and analytics solution. Likewise, given the financial strain imposed by the pandemic, prospective customers showed an increased focus on revenue and cost-optimization analytics, which our solution is well suited to address. On the other hand, as COVID-19 created some shorter-term financial uncertainty, it continues to make some health systems more cautious in their near-term purchasing decisions. With these unique dynamics at play, we were encouraged to see our second-half 2020 pipeline progress with similar conversion rates to the second half of 2019. Moving forward to 2021, we anticipate net new DOS subscription addition performance will be in line with historic pre-pandemic performance, likely in the mid-teens. Similar to what we experienced in the second half of 2020, we anticipate continued end-market operational distraction related to COVID-19 and vaccine rollout for much of 2021, offset somewhat by the pandemic highlighting the need for a more robust commercial-grade data and analytics solution. Moving on to the longer-term impact of COVID-19. As we progress through the rollout of the vaccine and begin to return to pre-pandemic normalcy, potentially toward the end of 2021, we feel optimistic that the pandemic will serve as an overall tailwind in the industry's adoption of data and analytics, significantly highlighting the need for a commercial-grade data and analytics solution to replace patchwork homegrown systems. On a related note, let me share some comments on our customer engagement. Our customer satisfaction scores, especially related to our technology, are central to our ability to accomplish our mission, expand our existing customer relationships, and grow our overall customer base. And despite the pandemic, we have been pleased to see that our customer satisfaction scores related to our technology have remained high, in some cases, the highest in the industry. And to share a recent highlight on this front, we were pleased to receive the news that our chargemaster management product, the new revenue analytics product addition through the Vitalware acquisition, was recently ranked best-in-class for 2020. This marks the third year in a row that the Vital-CDM product has achieved this distinction from the class organization. Lastly, I would like to announce that effective March 1, 2021, Dr. Tim Ferris has been appointed to service the chair of the Health Catalyst Board of Directors. Dr. Ferris, who currently serves as the chief executive officer of the Massachusetts General Physicians Organization, has served on the Health Catalyst board since 2018. He will succeed Fraser Bullock, who will continue to serve on our board moving forward. Fraser joined our board as an observer in 2012 and has served as its chair since 2014. I am deeply grateful to Fraser for his significant contributions over the past seven years to the company in his role as chair. His leadership has been instrumental in guiding our growth and development, and we are grateful to continue to benefit from his insights and experience as a board member. Next, let me express my heartfelt excitement at Dr. Ferris's appointment. I am grateful for Dr. Ferris's alignment to our mission, our cultural attributes, and our operating principles. And I anticipate that his unique perspective will continue to add significant value during this next phase of our company's journey as he helps us increasingly appreciate the most significant challenges facing healthcare organizations. With that, let me turn the call over to Bryan.

Thank you, Dan. Before diving into our quarterly and full-year financial results, I want to echo Dan's sentiment and say that I am pleased with our fourth-quarter and full-year 2020 results, especially in light of the macroeconomic backdrop and the COVID-19 pandemic. I will now comment on our strategic objective category of scale. For the fourth quarter of 2020, we generated $53.3 million in total revenue. As Dan mentioned, this represents an outperformance relative to the midpoint of our guidance, and it represents an increase of 22% year over year. For the full-year 2020, our total revenue was $188.8 million, also representing 22% growth year over year. Technology revenue for Q4 2020 was $32.3 million, representing 43% growth year over year. Excluding the contribution from our recent Vitalware acquisition, our technology revenue for Q4 2020 was $28.1 million, representing a 24% growth relative to the same period last year. This year-over-year growth was driven primarily by recurring revenue from new customer additions and from existing customers paying higher technology access fees as a result of contractual built-in escalators. For the full-year 2020, technology revenue was $110.5 million, representing 32% year-over-year growth. Professional services revenue for Q4 2020 was $21 million, representing flat performance relative to the same period last year. This performance is consistent with our expectations shared on our last earnings call and is primarily due to our services being provided to new DOS subscription customers, offset by lower professional services dollar-based retention achieved in 2020 relative to historical performance, along with lower implementation revenue. For the full-year 2020, our professional services revenue was $78.4 million, representing 10% year-over-year growth. Total adjusted gross margin for the fourth-quarter 2020 was 52.2%. This represents an increase of approximately 100 basis points year over year. For the full-year 2020, total adjusted gross margin was 50.3%, a decrease of roughly 190 basis points compared to 2019. In the technology segment, our Q4 2020 adjusted technology gross margin was 68.4%, an increase of approximately 20 basis points relative to the same period last year. This year-over-year performance was mainly driven by existing customers paying higher technology access fees from contractual built-in escalators without a commensurate increase in hosting costs, offset partially by headwinds due to the continued costs associated with transitioning a portion of our customer base to third-party cloud-hosted data centers in Microsoft Azure. For the full-year 2020, our adjusted technology gross margin was 68.5%, an increase of approximately 140 basis points year over year. In the professional services segment in Q4, our adjusted professional services gross margin was 27.4%, a decrease of approximately 550 basis points relative to the same period last year. This year-over-year decrease was mainly the result of the previously mentioned COVID-19 impact on our professional services dollar-based retention, as well as some shift in the mix of professional services delivered. For the full-year 2020, our adjusted professional services gross margin was 24.7%, representing an approximately 980 basis point decrease year over year. In Q4 2020, adjusted total operating expenses were $32.5 million. As a percentage of revenue, adjusted total operating expenses were 61%, which compares favorably to 66% in Q4 2019. For the full-year 2020, adjusted total operating expenses were $116.3 million. As a percentage of revenue, adjusted total operating expenses were 62%, which compares favorably to 70% in full-year 2019. Adjusted EBITDA in Q4 2020 was a loss of $4.7 million, exceeding the midpoint of our guidance and comparing favorably to an adjusted EBITDA loss of $6.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2019. This adjusted EBITDA result was mainly driven by the strong revenue and technology gross margin performance mentioned previously. For the full-year 2020, our adjusted EBITDA was a loss of $21.3 million, which compared favorably to an adjusted EBITDA loss of $27.4 million in 2019. Our adjusted net loss per share in Q4 2020 was $0.16. The weighted average number of shares used in calculating adjusted net loss per share in Q4 was approximately 42.6 million shares. For the full-year 2020, our adjusted net loss per share was $0.68. The weighted average number of shares used in calculating adjusted net loss per share in 2020 was approximately 39.5 million shares. Turning to the balance sheet. We ended the fourth quarter of 2020 with $271 million of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments compared to $228 million at year-end 2019. As a reminder, in April 2020, we issued a private placement of convertible notes with the principal amount of $230 million, and we used a portion of the proceeds to extinguish an outstanding term loan, after deducting the unamortized debt discount related to the conversion feature of $52.6 million and unamortized issuance costs of $4.8 million. As of December 31, 2020, the net carrying amount of the liability component of the convertible notes is $169 million. As it relates to our financial guidance. For the first quarter of 2021, we expect total revenue between $53 million and $56 million. And adjusted EBITDA losses between $3.9 million and $1.9 million. And for the full-year 2021, we expect total revenue between $225.1 million and $228.1 million. And adjusted EBITDA losses between $16 million and $13.5 million. I will now provide some additional detail related to our guidance. First, on revenue, we anticipate our full-year technology and professional services revenue growth rates to be roughly similar to the corresponding full-year 2020 growth rates by segment. As it relates to Vitalware in 2021, we anticipate revenue contribution in the low 20 millions of mostly technology revenue, inclusive of the remaining deferred revenue write-down. As a reminder, the Vitalware acquisition will lapse at the end of August 2021, impacting the year-over-year growth rates of our technology revenue in Q3 and Q4 2021. As it relates to our dollar-based retention expectations, as Dan mentioned, we expect continued robust technology dollar-based retention, in line with historical levels of 107% to 109%. On the professional services side, we expect our full-year 2021 performance to be significantly stronger than the 2020 performance, but that we will still likely experience some strain on this metric in the first half of 2021, relative to historical levels. As it relates to net new DOS subscription customer additions, we anticipate performance in line with historical pre-pandemic performance, likely in the mid-teens. And as it relates to cross-selling among our customer base from our 2020 acquisitions, we are continuing to develop a pipeline. Our 2021 forecast assumes a moderate level of cross-selling. Robust cross-selling would represent upside to our dollar-based retention and new DOS subscription customer metrics. And any P&L impact would mostly be realized in 2022. Moving on to adjusted gross margin expectations for 2021, we expect technology to remain in the high 60s. While our professional services adjusted gross margin can fluctuate on a quarterly basis, depending on utilization rates and the mix of services performed. Overall, we expect to continue to experience some COVID-related strain, resulting in gross margins in the 20s for the full-year 2021. Lastly, for adjusted EBITDA, we continue to anticipate entering 2022 on a run-rate adjusted EBITDA breakeven basis. As it relates to our 2021 EBITDA guidance, I would like to note that we anticipate having a moderate amount of expense related to the integration of our 2020 acquisitions, that we expect will subside by the beginning of 2022. This expense is mainly associated with acquisition-related investment and overlap in operating expense categories. And we anticipate realizing $2 million to $3 million in integration efficiencies in these categories by the beginning of 2022. Importantly, given that we are in the midst of an unprecedented pandemic, consistent with our cultural attributes and operating principles, we have made the intentional decision to allow for our M&A integration efficiency efforts to extend longer than they would otherwise, with a strong bias toward acting in the best interest of each of our team members. This strategy is consistent with the Health Catalyst way while still enabling us to reach our adjusted EBITDA breakeven timeline. With that, I will conclude my prepared remarks. Dan?

Thanks, Bryan. I'll conclude my commentary by thanking our committed and highly engaged team members. These teammates and colleagues have been dedicated to our mission and to our health system customers as they have effectively responded to the pandemic. I'm grateful for these teammates for their central contributions to our mission and growth during one of the most challenging years we've ever experienced. And with that, I'll turn the call back to the operator for questions.

Great. Thanks for the questions. I guess maybe, Dan, I was trying to square a couple of the comments that you made. The first, just around likely seeing mid-teens DOS adds in '21, super encouraging to kind of see that getting back to what you guys were able to produce pre-pandemic. But then you also made some comments about anticipating continued end-market distraction through '21. So just trying to get a little bit more in the weeds on what you meant by that and kind of what you see as far as the distraction resulting in slower sales or slower implementations. Just trying to square those two comments would be great.

Yes. Thanks for the question, Bob. So at a net-net level, essentially, that overall guidance as it relates to the mid-teens in terms of net new DOS subscription clients has a couple of puts and takes associated with it. So we wanted to highlight some of the challenging elements that we're still experiencing that you noted, Bob, as it relates to some subset of health systems are still in the midst of the pandemic response, they're still somewhat hesitant in some cases because of the uncertainty. On the flip side, there are some net positives as well, like a greater recognition of the need for a commercial-grade data and analytics platform. When we net out those puts and takes, what we would observe at an overarching level would be the pipeline dynamics that we're experiencing right now, after you net out those effects are about the size and about the pace of conversion that we experienced pre-pandemic levels. And that's where we landed on being comfortable with the guidance that we provided.

No, that's actually really helpful. And then maybe just one follow-up. Bryan, you mentioned some potential from cross-selling. I want to clarify which specific assets you were referring to. Also, more generally, I'm interested in your latest thoughts on the cross-sell opportunities with Medicity and more recently with Able, Vitalware, and healthfinch. I know those deals were primarily based on the strengths of the assets, but there was also a clear cross-sell component involved. Any insights would be appreciated.

Yes, absolutely. Thanks, Bob. So the commentary I made around cross-selling, to your question around which assets that relates to, relates to primarily our more recent 2020 acquisitions in kind of both directions. So an ability to cross-sell applications that we've acquired, for example, Vitalware and healthfinch to DOS subscription customers, and then also an ability to cross-sell DOS to those acquired customers on the app side. We're active in both of those areas and developing a pipeline there, both ways. So as I mentioned, that is reflected at a modest amount in our 2021 bookings color. And if we were to significantly drive robust cross-selling there, that would represent upside to essentially both of our bookings metrics, our dollar-based retention metric potentially, and then also the new customer additions metric.

And I agree with that. I would just add, similar to what we've tried to do in the past as we think about forecasting is a strong desire to be data-informed in that process of building a forecast. And since we've only owned some of these assets for a few months now, like with the Vitalware acquisition, for example, we're still in early days and want more data to inform any updates to the forecast. And that's why the cross-sell that's included in the forecast is at a modest level. That is data-informed. And obviously, as always, we're working every day to try to outperform that forecast.

Our next question comes from Ryan Daniels with William Blair.

Hey, guys. Good afternoon. This is Jared Haase in for Ryan. I guess, just first question from me. Bryan, I think you alluded to this in your prepared remarks, but it sounds like one of the key kind of investment areas is just around integration-related efforts. But I was hoping you can maybe call out any other kind of investment priorities for the year, either kind of in terms of adjacent markets or specific areas of the product? Just any color around investment priorities kind of beyond those integration efforts?

Yes, absolutely. Thanks, Jared. In regard to our priorities for 2021, the integration from our M&A activities is certainly a significant focus. Additionally, I would highlight a few other areas. We are noticing a sustained emphasis from the end market on financial optimization, including initiatives related to revenue and cost management from the perspective of healthcare organizations. This aligns with our Vitalware acquisition, which we are continuing to prioritize. Another area of focus stems from the recent transition in the President role, where we aim to enhance our growth investments to take advantage of long-term opportunities. The pandemic has underscored the critical role of data and analytics, so I am committed to supporting this initiative and planning proactively for the future.

Okay. Yes, that makes sense. And then I guess a follow-up to that last point you made, Bryan, as well as to Bob's question earlier. So I appreciate the idea that you're seeing kind of some headwinds and tailwinds that sort of net out to the outlook of mid-teens net client adds this year, which is kind of consistent with what your normal expectations had been. So as the headwinds of that equation kind of alleviates and we get back to normal post-pandemic, should we think then about those tailwinds as giving you potential to exceed mid-teens net new clients going forward? Or is that still the reasonable target once we get to that normalized environment?

Yes. Thanks for that question, Jared. I think our focus right now is on getting through the pandemic in 2021. And we do continue to see those puts and takes playing out certainly in the first half of 2021. And we want to remain nimble and keep our ear to the ground as we understand more and as we gather more data. We don't feel like we're in a good position to provide anything beyond our 2021 guidance that we shared other than just to reiterate that long-term view that we continue to feel confident in, in that 20-plus percent growth cadence on an annual basis. And we are certainly working every day to find ways to accelerate the adoption of data and analytics in the healthcare ecosystem, but that's probably where we feel comfortable stopping at this point.

Our next question comes from Sandy Draper with Truist Securities.

Hi. Thanks. This is Stan on for Sandy. A couple of quick questions. First, were any of the nine client additions this year a function of cross-sells, or were they all net new?

Some modest cross-sell activity that was inclusive in there. Although I would mention and note that the commentary that Bryan gave about the overall pipeline activity in the first half of 2020 being slower than what we had normally experienced pre-pandemic was also true in the cross-sell space. So at a similar level, there was an impact in the first half. And at a similar level in the second half, we saw an uptick in the pipeline dynamics that felt a lot more like pre-pandemic levels.

Got it. And then maybe a quick question here on I know it's a fluid situation, but are there any plans to resume more face-to-face activities for the sales force? And how are you thinking about that?

Yes. We're monitoring the situation like the rest of the planet right now. And we are encouraged to see an acceleration in the rate of vaccinations in the U.S., in particular, but also elsewhere. We are anxious to see that continue. And as that vaccination rate accelerates and represents a larger proportion of the overall population, we think that will lead to increased travel, particularly for the year, and increased usage of our offices, the potential of reopening the offices for those who are vaccinated and taking other precautions as well. But at this point, we're still early in that process.

And the other thing I would add, Stan, to that is just given the nature of our sales cycle and the duration of our sales cycle of approximately a year, we were fairly well equipped to adapt to a virtual sales environment, just given the number of touchpoints that we typically had that were often not in person in our sales cycle. And so feel good about our ability to adapt and continue in that type of environment as well.

Our next question comes from Sean Wieland with Piper Sandler.

Hi. It's Jess on for Sean. Thank you for taking the question. So we were hoping to just understand a little bit about where Able Health, either as it was acquired or in the products that you have since developed, where it fits into the risk adjustment process? Is it a tool for prospective or retrospective? And if you could just help us understand who you're competing with there and how you're thinking about any intended regulatory submission changes. And then any evolving competitive landscape with change getting acquired by United?

Yes, absolutely, Jess. Thank you for the question. So when we acquired Able Health, just about a year ago, the primary element that we were most excited about is the strength that they would bring around the process of submitting measures to regulatory bodies in the broader context of quality improvement and population health as well. And they had already built automated steps in that process that are normally quite manual and quite labor-intensive. And so the place in which we've integrated that capability is really within the broader population health category, which includes so much of the work around measures reporting. And the infrastructure that that enables is that better, faster, more accurate, and often a more cost-effective way through automation and through the use of technology of submitting those required measures to regulatory bodies and also using those measures to understand our improvement efforts, our quality, and our population health capabilities. That was an important component of an overarching population health offering that we wanted to make sure that we could offer in a compelling way. We've combined that with another acquisition with regards to healthfinch, which brought us another important capability in the pop health space and otherwise, around the closing the loop when we have insights, when we're submitting measures, when we're reporting out our performance, being able to close the loop at the point of care is also really critical to influencing better decisions, for example, in the care of patients and healthfinch brings that component of the capability. When you combine that with some of our care management in pop health foundations capabilities, we're really excited about that portfolio that we can offer up, all powered by DOS at the data platform layer, to really enable us to be competitive and differentiated in what we can offer. And as you know, companies that offer components of a population health solution, they range from very, very large companies to very small companies. We also have capabilities more in the revenue cycle space that have been bolstered by our Vitalware acquisition. And that broad space is more the broad space that change healthcare, for example, would operate within. And yet, even within that space, what we offer is quite distinct and different from what they were focused on in the revenue cycle space. Our chargemaster solution is a product that the change offered or that Optum offers either. But rather, it's a complement to some of the other work that they do.

Our next question comes from Elizabeth Anderson with Evercore.

Hey, guys. I was wondering if you could talk about any changes to the professional services as we come out of the pandemic. Are there anything in terms of what people are looking for or sort of duration of work or anything to sort of think about on that side?

Thank you for the question, Elizabeth. Early in the pandemic, we noticed a significant shift in the types of services our clients sought, moving away from traditional clinical and operational improvement work toward a focus on pandemic response. This dramatic change began a year ago during the spring and early summer. Recently, we've seen a resurgence in traditional clinical improvement work, along with other types of improvement work including financial and operational aspects. Additionally, the pandemic has made financial performance a key concern for health systems, leading us to engage in more revenue-oriented and cost structure work that is informed by data and supported by our recent acquisitions. The nature of our services has evolved. For instance, we've introduced tech-enabled solutions that automate processes that were previously labor-intensive, such as the examples I mentioned earlier, like Able Health measures and chart abstraction, which have seen increased activity and interest. We're noticing a return to pre-pandemic service levels, particularly in clinical improvement work, but we also anticipate that other areas of focus will remain strong moving forward.

Yes. Another thing I would add, Elizabeth, is that one of our key differentiators in the services area is our strong team member engagement and focus, which enables us to attract and retain true experts in specific fields and analytics. This expertise helps our clients who may struggle to recruit such talent. Therefore, I believe that our core value proposition, which acts as a supplement to our customer teams on the services side, remains strong.

Got it. That's very helpful. And then just maybe on a more sort of block-and-tackling type of question. There was a change, obviously, in 2020 in your CapEx, I was looking at it as a percent of sales, for example. Well, how are you thinking about CapEx going forward?

Yes, good question. So there was a change in terms of CapEx primarily related to actually an office build-out that we're working on for our headquarters, there was an uptick there. There will be some additional CapEx in 2021 related to that leasehold improvement in office build-out. And then once that's done, it would normalize to a similar level as a percentage of revenue to what we've seen in the past. So no major changes there other than that more one-time CapEx.

Our next question comes from Stephanie Davis with SVB Leerink.

Hey, guys. Congrats on the quarter. Thank you for taking my question. I was looking to move back from earlier in the pandemic when you introduced the DOS light solution and hear about maybe what kind of revenue opportunity you have converting those clients to a full suite of solutions.

Sure. Yes. So we accelerated some of our work due to the pandemic around trying to take what we had partially developed around a DOS light offering. And we did take that work and offer up some pandemic-specific help and support. And we still had some other specific use cases where you could start smaller with a lighter version of DOS and then be able to expand over time. We did see some pipeline movement in 2020, especially in the second half of 2020, and we did see some modest contribution to the net new DOS subscription clients from the light version, but we're still really early in that process. That would represent, to your point, some opportunity for dollar-based net retention or expansion with those situations where a client starts at a lower price point. But we're still early, and we still have more to go from a pipeline perspective. It's still a long sales cycle, even right now. And some of that may be influenced by the pandemic, and we'll learn more this year about how that sales cycle is impacted by a lighter version of DOS. But we're encouraged to see some pipeline momentum there, and I think we'll learn a lot more in 2021.

So is it safe to say that's not baked into the outlook at all, but it could be a source of upside?

Perhaps similar to the cross-sell commentary that at a modest level, we've included some elements in the forecast. But because we're early and we like to be data-informed, we didn't go beyond a modest level in the forecast.

Of course. I have a quick question about the selling environment. You mentioned that 2020 was a particularly challenging year, yet you still achieved double-digit growth. Are there any sales strategies or insights from the pandemic that you would consider implementing in the post-pandemic sales team at Health Catalyst?

Yes, absolutely. So I think we've all learned that you can do a lot of things virtually that maybe we didn't think we could, and that was certainly true in the sales process, both on the new client side, which I would have intuitively thought was maybe the hardest place to make progress. We still saw that we could make meaningful progress moving forward from a pipeline conversion perspective, virtually. And then secondly, with existing clients, we certainly saw a little bit to Bryan's earlier comments that my goodness, there's a lot we can do to be a really effective partner, including thinking about ways we can expand our relationships all through virtual discussions. And so I think a lot of that will carry over beyond the pandemic and could be encouraging. But again, we also had a lot of challenges related to the pandemic that were headwinds as well. So it's a little bit challenging for us to opine too far until we kind of get past the pandemic, but those were some of the highlights that felt like they could be positive well beyond the pandemic as well.

And I would just add, Stephanie, to your point on the 2020 growth. We appreciate those comments. One other point I'd add is we are fortunate to have that recurring revenue business model, which gives us a lot of visibility to that in-year revenue. And so we did mention at the onset of the pandemic that given the nature of our recurring revenue model, we could see a more muted impact on 2020 revenue growth just given that visibility that we had in year from prior-year sales.

Our next question comes from Richard Close with Canaccord.

Great. Thanks for the questions and congratulations during a challenging year. I wanted to go back a couple of years to the Medicity acquisition. And obviously, 2020 had its challenges with COVID and whatnot. But just wanted to revisit Medicity and what you're thinking about in terms of that customer base and the opportunity to upsell them? And any just update in and around that. I think originally, they had 100 customers and then you really thought about it as maybe 60 were sort of in the sweet spot for Health Catalyst's upsell potentially?

Yes. Thank you for the question, Richard. So what I would share with regards to Medicity is that we've seen the Medicity performance play out largely as we had forecasted. And we tried to be data-informed in the way we thought about the forecast that has included in 2020 some contribution from cross-sell from the Medicity client base. It's also important to note that as we shared when we were a newly public company, we were fortunate to have a situation where the consideration that we paid was very minimal. And as such, for that acquisition to be positive from a financial perspective, we anticipated a modest set of contributions, and we've realized those. So we feel good about that. At a broader level, I think the concept of the cross-sell was something that Medicity helped us better understand and certainly informed our later acquisitions of Able Health, healthfinch, and Vitalware and, in many ways, start to have the opportunity to have those conversations in both directions that Bryan talked about. And we continue to believe that that bidirectional cross-sell is a very meaningful opportunity for us, one that we've built in at a modest level, at a moderate level in 2021, but we're certainly working to build an infrastructure and cross-sell that becomes very significant, and we're hopeful that that perhaps over time, we might outperform that forecasted element that's already included in 2021. And as such, that outperformance would represent some upside.

Our next question comes from John Ransom with Raymond James.

Hi there. We've seen the public hospital companies report pretty darn good fourth-quarter numbers. And with all the support from CARES Act and advanced funding and electives coming back there, pretty good shape. Would you say that that picture translates to the kind of large ITs that you deal with? Are they actually in pretty good financial shape on balance relative to what we might have thought in the dark days of April 2020?

Yes. Thanks for the question, John. So certainly, we would agree with the statement that across the spectrum of our client base, perhaps with that exception, our clients are in a much better financial condition now than they were in March, April, May of last year, where they were really facing an existential crisis that they hadn't seen in decades. So we're certainly better off than where we were then. And to your comments, the CARES Act and other supports and funding elements combined with the ability to get back the volumes associated with elective procedures, in particular, has been very helpful. I would characterize across our client base that we're still observing a spectrum of performance. We have some clients that perhaps look a little bit more like what you just described on the positive side with regards to some of the publicly traded health systems. That's at the high end of what we would characterize as our experience. We also have a number of health systems that while they're much better off than they were in the spring and early summer, they're still not back to pre-pandemic volumes in elective procedures. For example, some are down 5%, 10%, 15%. But that's a lot better than where we were, where volumes in the late spring and early summer, in some cases, were down 80%, 90-plus percent. And so when we think forward, for example, about talks of another stimulus, we would want to be clear on the Health Catalyst side that we believe that can be very helpful in especially building out an infrastructure to be better prepared for the future for future pandemic-type responses. And there's a needed infrastructure that the pandemic exposed that we really only have as a patchwork today. And I think that stimulus funding could help, but there's a different level of urgency to that round of stimulus than the existential kind of urgency that we experienced last spring and early summer.

One other thing I would add, Dan, I agree with what you said in terms of the improved financial situation for our end market. I would just add as well that in addition to that, there is an operational distraction and focus that health organizations will be putting on continued COVID treatment and on vaccine rollout through 2021, which adds another dynamic from an operating standpoint.

Maybe one more thing I agree with that also, John, that I would add would be just the two puts and takes that we mentioned in our prepared remarks that on the positive side, we are seeing more and more health systems acknowledge and understand the need for a commercial-grade data and analytics infrastructure that helps. On the flip side, we still observe hesitation in terms of budgeting processes that because we're still in the pandemic, we're not all the way through from a vaccination perspective, there's still this hesitancy to make more meaningful, larger commitments. And so there are puts and takes that we think will play out over the next six months, in particular, before we perhaps return to a little bit more normalcy.

Thank you for your question. I'm considering the remote work dynamic. It’s already a challenge to sell or resume projects, but have you managed to maintain collaboration and product development while working remotely? Although there’s no external indication that your innovation has slowed down, are you encountering any difficulties with collaboration and product innovation without having team members present in person?

Thanks for that question. That's an interesting one. If I were to characterize the innovation that came out of 2020, I would characterize us as accelerating innovation, mostly surrounding the pandemic. And we were enabled to virtually collaborate at a very significant level of clients and what to build on top of the flexible data platform to be responsive to a very dynamic situation, and there were some great innovations that came out of that process. And though it seems perhaps counterintuitive in a way we've never had more collaboration with our clients than we did in 2020. It was to be sure, very exhausting on all counts across our team member base and our clients. And I don't know that I've ever seen the healthcare ecosystem feel more collectively exhausted in many ways. And so we've got to be cognizant of that, but there were some great innovative breakthroughs that came through that process, and that all was really enabled through a virtual set of interactions. But we were helped by the fact that before the pandemic, most of our interactions on the product development side and even on the services side were virtual. And so we didn't have a heavy face-to-face business model even before the pandemic, and that probably made it a little bit easier for us to pivot really effectively in the midst of the pandemic.

I would also like to mention, Dan, regarding our focus on innovation. As you pointed out, while there is still work to be done in integrating our 2020 acquisitions into our overall technology solutions portfolio, these acquisitions offer us opportunities for further innovation. As we progress with this, we're exploring exciting innovation opportunities, such as the combination of Able Health and healthfinch that we're currently working on.

Our next question comes from David Grossman with Stifel.

Thank you. Sorry to ask kind of a more detailed financial question on the guidance. And maybe if you could just dodge me. And when I look at it, the 1Q sequential revenue growth looks, I think, consistent with last year, which looked pretty strong to me relative to the cadence of 2020 bookings, which seem to be weaker in the first half and picked up in the back half of the year. And then, on the other hand, the sequential growth thereafter for the balance of the year is probably a little more modest than I would have expected with again that cadence of bookings growth. So I guess, first, am I missing something obvious here? And if not, is it just you've got pretty good visibility on the first quarter unless so as the year goes on. So you're being a little more conservative? Or is there something else going on here that I may not be seeing?

Yes. Thanks, David. Good question. I wouldn't say that you're missing anything obvious or big takeaway there. I think you kind of hit on it where there can be some variation in a quarter ahead revenue guidance and revenue performance, just based on timing of contract signings and the like. And so nothing major, I would call out at that point.

Okay. But there isn't anything nonrecurring necessarily, unusually nonrecurring in the first quarter. Is that correct?

No, nothing major. No, the vast majority of our revenue base is recurring in nature. So I wouldn't say anything major from a current standpoint.

Got it. Right. And maybe if I could just follow-up a question that was asked earlier, just about the services business, given what you experienced in the downdraft in demand during the pandemic for services and those resources, has it made you at all rethink that model at all that may make the services kind of content more accessible to more people? And what I'm thinking of is just broadening of the pyramid. And I know very much of your model is predicated on the expertise of the people that you provide. But I'm just wondering, just as the business scales as well, as you've gone through the pandemic, has that changed your thinking at all about how you want to leverage that business going forward?

Thanks for that question, David, an insightful question and something that we're watching and monitoring throughout 2021. We're not ready at this point to provide any changes to the long-term guidance we've provided as it relates to how we think about services, how we think about tech. It is informative to observe that in 2020, that was the first year where we saw some changes in the way that the tech business performed relative to the services business. And in many ways, we were really encouraged to see tech utilization so high with a bump up of about 50% in terms of utilization and very robust tech dollar-based retention as well. And then we are trying to be observant of some of the mix shifts that we observed in the pandemic, but also then have the benefit of data as we get through the pandemic, to understand which shifts might have been temporary in nature, which might be a little bit more permanent in nature. And I think as we work through that in 2021, we do plan to try to learn as we go. And then either reaffirm that we continue to feel comfortable with that long-term perspective that we've shared a couple of years ago as we were going public as a company or provide an update. But given that we're still in the midst of the pandemic, we wanted to provide ourselves with time and space to keep observing.

Our next question comes from Daniel Grosslight with Citi.

Hi, guys. Thanks for taking the question here. Maybe a bit of a bigger picture question on the competitive environment as you look forward to 2022 and beyond, particularly from nontraditional competitors. We've seen Google expand its relationship with Ascension. We've seen a consortium of hospitals form of true data to better utilize and monetize their data. Looking forward, how do you see that competitive environment shaping up, not just from your traditional competitors, but also the more nontraditional folks?

Yes. Thanks for the question, Daniel. We continue to believe that there's a role to play in terms of nontraditional non-healthcare-specific competitors, let's say, more across industry technology companies like you mentioned, Google, there are others as well. And we continue to be of the perspective that the innovations that are coming through those cross-industry technology companies should be leveraged, should be a part of the transformation that needs to take place in healthcare. And that's one of the reasons why we are continuing to benefit from our partnership with Microsoft, why we leveraged the Microsoft Azure environment as an incredibly scalable, robust technology environment from which to host our data platform. Likewise, we believe long term, there is great value at the healthcare level of the technology stack and the healthcare data level of the technology stack, where those who are 24/7 focused on healthcare have an important role to play and real differentiation to play in partnership with others that for a variety of reasons may choose not to operate up the tech stack when we get into more healthcare-specific investments and healthcare-specific content. That includes companies like Health Catalyst, where healthcare is all we do, and most of our technology investments have been data-oriented investments to ensure that content layer we're able to make sense of the data with our clients. And likewise, some consortia like what you mentioned with true data, we think we need more of that. And that's a real positive for the industry so that healthcare can benefit from clinically rich data that exists in these health system settings. These are places where the individuals that work there, spend all of their time focused on really understanding that healthcare data. That's also what we do. And we view the stewardship role that we play on behalf of our health system clients and their patients, as one where we can provide value-added through the technology and the capabilities at the data platform layer, the content, the data content layer, and the apps layers, to enable the use of that healthcare-specific, clinically rich content in a really effective way. And we're excited to play a role, and we believe we're differentiated in the capabilities that we can offer there. And they only come when you're dedicated to the healthcare space, and you spend 24/7 there. And likewise, we're excited to tap into partners and others, who have a role to play and contributions to make as well.

Makes sense. And then direct contracting in Medicare is slated to start in April. I know one of your key constituencies is ACOs. But I'm curious if direct contracting, in particular, opens up a new market or a new client base for you among DCEs, particularly as we think about the build-out of your pop health modules.

Yes. We try to keep an eye on innovation, and that's a good example of innovation in the payer space, more broadly speaking. But there are new innovative models that are being enabled, which we think is a positive. And that's where while we have grown up, serving more traditional health systems, we're grateful that we have customer relationships in those new innovative risk-bearing entity spaces. And with, as you said, our increased focus on population health, bringing more and more components to bear, we feel like we have a more robust offering to offer up to this emerging segment of the market, and we intend to play in that segment of the market as well.

Our next question comes from Glen Santangelo with Guggenheim Securities. Glen, you may be on mute.

Thanks. Maybe could you talk a little bit more about the recent partnership with Smarter Health? It's interesting because it's in a geography that you've historically not really focused on in Southeast Asia, and it's an end market that the payers that also beefed up thus far is that really better focus. Is this just a situation where you're licensing DOS? Or are you committing people to this too? And then anything you can share on the revenue model? Is there just some type of revenue share agreement related to that?

Yes. Thank you for that question, Sean. And we are excited to see some international traction. Singapore is one place where we have a team member base in Singapore, and we have had the opportunity to do some work there. Through some of that work, we were introduced to Smarter Health, and we're excited to work with them, as you said. The kind of relationship that we might have might be more akin to us providing technology to a partner that is then available on the ground to assist in the delivery and the use of that technology to measurably improve. It's a small starting relationship, consistent with what we've shared generally about our international and our general adjacent market investments, which have been modest and opportunistic and have followed a few specific guidelines around focusing our work, for example, in the English language and trying to make some other thoughtful decisions that allow us to grow modestly over time with a modest investment. And so we're encouraged by the progress but believe that will materialize more over the longer term.

And just to confirm what Dan said, Sean, you could think about it as a similar revenue model and contract model to a typical customer of ours.

Our next question comes from Iris Long with Berenberg Capital.

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. So I have a few questions related to your customer adds and the cross-sell opportunity. So first, I'm wondering if you can disclose how many total customers you have as of the year-end? And trying to understand how big the cross-sell opportunities can get to? And then secondly, I understand that the 2021 guidance embeds a modest assumption on cross-sell. But as we think about beyond 2021 as we get off of the pandemic and all the integrations are kind of completed, should we expect the cross-sell opportunity and the DOS customer adds to kind of accelerate?

Yes. Thank you for those questions, Iris. So on your first question, we now would share that with the addition of the nine net new DOS subscription clients, added to the 65 that we started the year with, we're now at 74 total DOS subscription clients. And as it relates to your second question, with regards to cross-sell, I think you're framing it in the right way that we try to be data-informed. As a result, we've added a modest assumption for the 2021 forecast. While we're also going to be investing meaningfully in those growth areas, inclusive of organizing around the President role so that we can be ready as we get through the pandemic for the opportunity to take advantage of some of those longer-term tailwinds that we believe are emerging in understanding the value of a commercial-grade data platform and analytics capabilities. We're also going to be working in 2021 on building a cross-sell infrastructure that we hope is robust. And we certainly hope to outperform. But when we share forecasts and guidance, we try to also be very disciplined and data-informed in that process.

Yes. Yes, good question, Iris. So in addition to the 74 DOS subscription customers, and you'll see this in our filings, we do have over 300 other customers which are primarily driven by the acquired customers from the recent 2020 acquisitions and the Medicity acquisition.

Okay. Got it. And then I have a quick follow-up on pricing. So we know that you gave out some discounts for professional services in 2020.

We are not. No. So we wrapped up that process, really, in the summer timeframe of last year. And so we've been now a number of months past that stage in the process at this point.

Showing no further questions in queue at this time, I'd like to turn the call back to Dan Burton for closing remarks.

Thank you, and thank you all for your interest in Health Catalyst. We appreciate it, and we look forward to continuing the dialogue in the months ahead. Take care, everyone.

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today’s conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.