Thank you for standing by. My name is Danielle, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Resort Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question and answer session. Press star followed by the number one on your telephone keypad. Press star one again. Thank you. I would now like to turn the call over to Aduke Thelwell. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator, and good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to Serve Robotics Inc.'s fourth quarter and full year 2024 conference call. With me today are Serve's CEO and co-founder, Ali Kashani, and our CFO, Brian Read. During today's call, we may present both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. If needed, a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures can be found in our earnings release filed earlier today. Certain statements in this call are forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Actual risks may differ materially from these forward-looking statements. And we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements we make except as required by law. For more information about factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements, please refer to the press release we issued today as well as the risks and uncertainties described in our most recent Form 10-K and in other filings made with the SEC. We published our quarterly financial press release and our updated corporate presentation to our investor website earlier this afternoon. We ask you to review those documents if you have not already. With that, let me hand it over to Ali.

Thank you, Aduke. We have a lot to cover today. I'm going to start by giving you an update about the past quarter and put that in the context of our progress over the year 2024. And then we will talk about the year ahead. Give you some additional details about our plans to deploy 2,000 robots by the end of 2025, which remains on track. And then lastly, I want to talk a little bit about the recent progress in AI and how Serve fits into that. So before we dive into each one of them. First, Revenue. We wrapped up the year with $1.8 million in revenue, which is a 700% increase year over year. Second, our reach. We increased the number of restaurants we serve by 3x last year. And also increased the households we reached by over 2x just in the last four months. We did all this by expanding to new neighborhoods in LA and expanding to our first East Coast city, which is Miami. Third, the fleet. We are about to complete building 250 third-gen robots to add to our fleet. Fourth, an engineering update. We have designed further cost reductions into our third-generation robots effectively cutting the cost of building robots by two-thirds in just a year. And last but not least, our balance sheet. We massively improved our cash position, became debt-free, and increased our capital efficiency by saving $20 million in future capital costs, Brian will discuss later. Now let's dive in. As you can see, we have been growing fast on all fronts. Expanding into new neighborhoods and cities, onboarding more restaurants, scaling our fleet, In LA, we launched in downtown Sautel and Bestwood just in November. Instantly increasing our household reach by 50% and tripling the number of restaurants we serve compared to the start of the year. We also did not stop there. Since January, we added Glendale and Long Beach. Fast we also expanded beyond California for the first time to Miami. Today, we support over 1,000 restaurants and reach over 300,000 households. That's a 2x expansion in market reach in just a few months. We are continuing to work with our delivery partners and local merchants and municipalities to unlock even more neighborhoods and cities throughout the year. On the fleet side, in Q4, we completed the design of our third-generation robots and even manufactured 75 units in the final days of December ahead of schedule. These are the first production batch of third-generation robots. And we have been ramping them up into the delivery fleet since the New Year. So we expect their impacts on delivery volume to really start showing in Q1 and Q2. Despite the fact that our delivery fleet did not expand until the very end of Q4, our Gen 2 robots have actually delivered 20% more orders quarter over quarter. This is primarily because of optimizing our operation and expanding our reach. This is true even though we actually had to use some of the existing fleet to support the expansion activities, like sending robots to new neighborhoods and cities to map and collect data. So we were actually reducing our delivery fleet size and yet we achieved a 20% increase in our delivery outputs quarter over quarter. If you look at our daily active robots and daily supply hours, their numbers have remained roughly the same as Q3 since we did not expand the fleet until the very end of Q4 last year. We had 57 daily active robots in Q4, up 81% from 29 robots in Q4 of 2023, and comparable to Q3's 59 robots. The slight difference here being because we were using some of our robots for expansion activities rather than deliveries. Similarly, we had 455 daily supply hours which was in line with 465 hours from Q3, and nearly double Q4 2023. So let's take a step back. And look at the entire 2024, which was a truly transformational year for us. We listed on Nasdaq, raised over $250 million from the beginning of 2024 to today to really strengthen our balance sheet. We partnered with Magna International to scale our fleet manufacturing reliably and we also formed new partnerships, including Shake Shack and Wing, And with double our supply hours and active robot capacity and volume, and we completed our Gen 3 robot design, which can move twice as fast, go twice as far, have five times more brainpower, and cost about one-third of our previous generation robots. We completed the first batch of those janitorial robots ahead of schedule at the end of last year. Now behind the scenes, there was even more going on. We have actually boosted the speed of our robots by 30% last year. And we cut our misdelivery rate by 75%. We did that all while doubling our delivery volume. I'm proud of what our team has accomplished over the last year and I think it's positioning us really well to achieve what we set out to do in 2025, which is deploy 2,000 of our robots. We are really entering this year with strong momentum. So let's talk about 2025 starting with the first half of the year. We have started by accelerating our expansion timeline by entering Miami ahead of schedule in Q1. Balance remains on track for Q2, which is what we promised. And I can announce that we have a plan to launch a third market in Q2, So go through this one by one. First, Miami. In February, we launched in two neighborhoods, Brick Hall and Miami Beach collaboration with OAZE. We are now serving 50 local restaurants already. This includes two important brands who signed with us right at lunch, our existing partner Shake Shack and our new partner, the beloved local pizzeria, Mister O One. This news may come as a bit of a surprise since we have not shared any plans to launch Miami in Q1. But we did see demand from our partners and decided to take the opportunity and move. Next up is Dallas. We are on track to launch in Q2 bringing our robots to neighborhoods like Uptown and State Thomas. We also expect the first deployment of our Bing partnership for multimodal robot to drone deliveries to take place once we launch there. Last but not least, I'm excited to share that we are bringing several robots to Atlanta in Q2. This is another great city because it has dense commercial and residential neighborhoods, really good walkability, mixed-use developments, and a thriving restaurant scene. We are really hopeful that as we scale in Atlanta, our robots are going to actually help reduce the grid-like traffic there and improve congestion by taking these short-distance deliveries off the street. Beyond these new three cities, we plan to bring several robots to more cities by the end of the year, and we will announce additional details and dates as we work with our partners and local officials to finalize the plan. In terms of the fleet size, I can confirm that we are working to build the 250 Gen 3 robots that we had shared earlier by the end of this quarter. So we have already built 75. More of them are now in process. We are also currently ramping up those 75 robots into our delivery fleet and we expect that all these 250 robots will be fully deployed and in deliveries by the end of Q2. The real volume impact that we expect to see from these robots are going to be seen mostly in the second quarter. As is typical with new hardware rollouts, we will have to deal with hardware and software adjustments, any issues that we need to figure out, so to really bring these robots to true productivity, it's going to take a few weeks of effort. These 250 robots are meant to provide us valuable insights before we get to the larger scale-up that we are going to have in the second half. Yeah. So beyond Q1, I have another important update for the additional rollouts. I'm very excited to share that we've achieved another 30% cost reduction in our next batch of Gen 3 robots compared to the current batch we are building. So if you recall, our current batch had a 50% cost reduction compared to the previous generation robots. This is something we announced back in October. But the following batches are going to be even 30% cheaper than the current batch. In total, that means that our Gen 3 robots that we are building later this year are going to be at 35% of the cost of our Gen 2 robots, almost the same. This is a result of a very aggressive focus on our profitability goals, and I'm very proud of what the team has achieved in a few short months as we prepare to scale up. This basically means that the rest of the 2,000 robots after the 50 we are building this quarter are going to be the cheaper new robots. And we are on track to build 700 of these new lower-cost robots in Q3 and then the rest of them in Q4. We are going to share more updates as we get closer to these dates. A lot of the work we are doing this quarter and next quarter is really preparation for the big scale-up in the second half of the year. I mentioned the additional robot cost reduction as an example. But there is a lot more effort going into hiring and training staff, preparing internal tools and operating procedures, working with our partners and municipalities, sending robots and staff to map, collect data, and run tests in new cities and neighborhoods, etc. Our number one priority in the first half of the year is getting ready for the second half of the year rather than any short-term targets. So I expect we see volume growth and revenue growth in Q1 and Q2 but mainly as an outcome of the work we are doing to prepare for that big growth push for the second half. Now on top of those efforts I mentioned, we are also trying to build redundancy in our plans. We want to ensure that we have layers of contingency in place just in case unexpected things happen, whether it's government dynamics changing or there's a shipping delay or any factors outside of our control that could threaten our timelines in a given market. We want to have additional options. Such as going deeper in given cities like LA and Miami, both of which have significant demand for us to meet. So the plan for 2025 is really the rest of the 250 robots in this quarter, have them all fully deployed by the end of next quarter so that we can learn from them. Build the rest of the 2,000 robots in the second half of the year, at a cost that would be about 30% less than the current robot cost. And simultaneously, launch Dallas in Q2 followed by Atlanta, and add additional cities after that. To ensure we successfully accomplish all of this, we are spending the first half of the year preparing for the second half scale-up and designing redundancy into our plans so that we are ready for the inevitability of unknown unknowns.

With 2024 and 2025 plans out of the way, I want to spend a few minutes talking about the recent advances in AI and how that impacts Serve. AI is really advancing at great speed. Cheaper training, faster inference, open-source models, you name it. For us, this is all a tailwind. Right now, everyone and their grandma is racing to build AI models and infrastructure, which naturally results in commoditization. Our view is that a lot of the value from AI will accrue to the application layer. Where the same kind of race to the bottom is less common. Also, thanks to this proprietary data and domain expertise, that you have in the application layer, you can create more efficient modes. If as part of running your business, you accumulate unique data, you can train your AI to get better, which makes your products better, which helps you scale more, which means you get even more data. You can collect this data at lower and lower cost eventually even while making a profit. So as this flywheel gets going and it becomes harder and harder for new entrants to compete with you. Serve is a great example of this. Our robots embody AI. They collect terabytes of data each per day and that data helps make our AI and autonomy better, which leads to even better robots, which leads to even more scale and therefore more data. So you see where this goes. This flywheel really gets going. I do not see any evidence today of a plateau in AI progress, but I do expect that it's inevitable that at some point, we would follow the classic hype cycle where folks get ahead of their skis and then pull back. I've always had this aversion to running a business on hype. So the way we like to operate in this cyclical environment is by really focusing on first principles. What do we believe to be true regardless of what the current trend is? I believe there are three fundamental truths that are relevant to Serve. First, machines can now comprehend and communicate with us. It used to be that you had to say specific magic words to get machines to react. But now you can hold natural conversations in almost any language. Second, machines can now generalize. We used to train AI for very narrow tasks; any problem had to be broken down to a small list of tasks to train very specific AI models. This really limited how much we can bring AI into the physical world because it has so much complexity and randomness. But now, thanks to transformers, we can train machines that develop their own complex internal world models. This leads them to exhibit and measure behaviors that you were not expecting when you were training them. This makes them much more suitable for the unpredictability of the physical world. And third, and last, is the inevitable fact that AI is going to enter our physical spaces. Limiting AI to the digital realm really limits its potential. So we are going to see these new thinking machines of ours enter our physical spaces as well to make our lives better. I believe the time for this transition is now. Now that the machines can finally talk to us, and now that they can understand our messy physical world, we are finally in a position to really realize our robot dreams. Robotics is one of the most natural endpoints of AI progress. What's unique about robots as an application of AI is that while software gets commoditized, hardware is hardware. Robots are a great example of how value can accrue to the application layer because it takes years to build that hardware, and it's expensive. It deters a lot of new entrants, and existing players enjoy the benefits of economies of scale as they progress. And, of course, robots organically collect a ton of application-specific and proprietary data, which is otherwise very hard to obtain. This really feeds that data flywheel. Needless to say, this is exactly the foundation we built Serve on from the beginning. We've been engineering our unique domain-specific hardware and software and we've been collecting petabytes of data for years already. So we are in a really fortunate position right now to take advantage of this historic moment that's taking place in front of us. With that, I'll hand over to Brian to walk you through our financials.

Thanks, Ali, and good afternoon, everyone. 2024 was a defining year for Serve. Over the past twelve months, we strengthened our financial position, scaled our operations, and set the stage for a transformational 2025. We are working hard to support the planned expansion of our business to 2,000 robots before the end of the year while at the same time remaining disciplined with our cash to improve financial flexibility. Today, I'll walk you through the financial results and provide insight into the year ahead. As you know, our business is still in its early innings. Revenue for 2024 reached $1.8 million with Q4 contributing $176,000. This marks over 700% growth year over year, demonstrating the increasing adoption of our technology and services. A significant driver of this growth was the addition of $1.2 million in software services booked in 2024. Alongside a 227% increase in annual delivery and branding revenue, which, despite no new robots being deployed until the final days of the fourth quarter, grew $435,000 to reach $627,000 in 2024. On a sequential basis, when adjusting for seasonality, our quarter-over-quarter delivery and branding revenue grew by 12%. As Ali mentioned, last quarter's volume growth reflects higher utilization across our fleet and improved operational efficiencies. 2024 gross margin improved significantly from negative 700% in 2023 to negative 4% in 2024, reflecting increased fleet efficiency and a more favorable revenue mix from the high-margin nature of our software services. Within delivery and branding, gross margins expanded 76% year over year driven by fleet utilization improvements and ongoing progress in the unit economics per delivery. In terms of Q4 gross margin, the cost of sales increased in Q4 as the fixed cost base expanded from the ramp-up of our 2,000 unit fleet. As fleet utilization and delivery hours improve, the portion of cost allocated into COGS in our P&L will adjust accordingly. Total GAAP operating expenses for 2024 were $38.2 million, increasing from $19.2 million in the prior year. This reflects increased personnel, software development, and fleet expansion costs. On a non-GAAP basis, 2024 operating expenses were $23.7 million compared to $18.7 million in the prior year. Breaking this down further for 2024, R&D expenses were the largest driver of our cost structure, totaling $24.3 million on a GAAP basis, up from $9.9 million in the prior year, driven by $11.5 million of stock-based compensation. On a non-GAAP basis, R&D spend was $12.8 million compared to $9.5 million for the prior year. The increase aligns with our ongoing investment in fleet scaling, next-gen hardware, and autonomous capabilities. General and administrative expenses totaled $10.1 million increasing from $4.6 million in the prior year. The primary driver here was stock-based compensation expense, infrastructure investments as we strengthen our internal systems and governance, and headcount expansion. On a non-GAAP basis, G&A expense was $7.3 million. For our fourth quarter, total GAAP operating expenses were $12.9 million increasing from $8.3 million in Q3 and $6.5 million in Q4 of the prior year. On a non-GAAP basis, Q4 operating expenses were $8.4 million compared to $6.1 million in Q3 and $6.2 million in Q4 last year, which, compared with a doubling of delivery volume, demonstrates our continued discipline in managing core expenses. Breaking down Q4 further, R&D expenses remained the largest driver totaling $6.8 million on a GAAP basis, up from $5 million in Q3 and $2.8 million in Q4 last year. On a non-GAAP basis, R&D spend was $4.4 million compared to $3.3 million in Q3 and $2.6 million in Q4 last year, reflecting controlled resource growth while ensuring continued innovation. General and administrative expenses totaled $5.2 million, compared to $1.2 million in Q4 last year. On a non-GAAP basis, G&A expense was $3 million compared to $1.6 million in Q3 and $1.2 million in Q4 last year, reflecting a more normalized run rate. Our GAAP net loss for 2024 was $39.2 million compared to $24.9 million in 2023. Q4 GAAP net loss was $13.1 million compared to $8 million in Q3 and $7.1 million in the same period last year. The sequential and year-over-year increase reflects higher operating expenses tied to investments in R&D and corporate infrastructure as we scale for broader commercialization. On a non-GAAP basis, our net loss for 2024 was $24.6 million with the fourth quarter being $8.6 million. We ended the fourth quarter with a robust cash position of $123 million. Since January 2024, we've raised over $250 million significantly improving our financial flexibility. During the fourth quarter of 2024, we received $80 million in proceeds under our previously filed ATM facility at a weighted average price of $14.04. Following the end of the year, we completed an $80 million registered direct offering at a $19 price per share with institutional investors. Due to our strong cash position, we no longer anticipate funding of our 2,000 robot fleet through equipment financing. This results in cash savings over the next two years of approximately $20 million due to the removal of interest and buyout purchase options. Earlier today, as part of our disciplined approach to capital management, we established a new shelf registration in an at-the-market equity program, which remains subject to SEC review. As we just reviewed, Serve is fortunate to have a strong cash balance to support our growth, so we do not have plans to raise additional capital in the near term. This new structure is meant to provide us with continued flexibility to act opportunistically whether it is to fund additional fleet expansion or capitalize if and when opportunities are presented. We believe we successfully utilized this approach in December while carefully managing dilution. As a result, our enhanced liquidity position provides us the ability to operate the business from a position of strength. Looking forward to 2025, we are focused on scaling our fleet to expand top-line revenue and strengthen our margins. We remain on track to deploy 2,000 robots by year-end 2025. After working hard to lower the cost of our robot by another 30%, over and above our previous 50% cost reduction, the fleet rollout will accelerate in the second half of the year with at least 700 reduced-cost Gen 3 robots built in Q3 and the remainder built in Q4. First quarter 2025 deliveries are on pace to exceed Q4 even as we focus on operational readiness for the second half scale-up. Software revenue remains non-recurring, and our long-term revenue model remains focused on building and deploying 2,000 robots targeting $60 to $80 million in annualized revenue once the fleet reaches full utilization, estimated in 2026. We are planning for increased capital expenditures during 2025, with investments in tooling, expansion costs, and fleet build-out being thoughtfully sequenced. Our current cash position following the January offering and debt-free balance sheet gives us the ability to execute our business plan from a position of strength. Estimated shares outstanding as of today are approximately 57 million shares. Last, I am pleased to announce that our audit committee has approved the transition to PricewaterhouseCoopers as our independent auditor, replacing DBB MacKinnon following the completion of our 2024 audit. The audit committee's appointment of PwC, a firm with a global reputation for auditing, tax, and financial services, reflects the company's commitment to maintaining robust financial oversight and corporate governance. We sincerely thank DBB MacKinnon for their partnership and contributions to Serve over the past several years. During 2025, we will be investing in ERP upgrade and data transformation initiatives to further strengthen internal controls and enhance operational efficiency, further reinforcing our commitment to financial discipline and scalability. In closing, we ended 2024 with our strongest cash position ever and we will continue to remain disciplined in managing core expenses. 2025 will be focused on executing our expansion into new neighborhoods and cities, onboarding more restaurants and scaling our fleet.

Thank you, Ali and Brian, for those detailed updates. We will now transition to the Q&A session. First, I'd like to express our gratitude to all the investors and analysts who submitted questions over email. We really appreciate your engagement. Our first question I think this might be appropriate for Ali. You mentioned that robot costs have been lowered. Does this mean you removed technology or made major component changes? How was this cost reduction achieved?

That's a great question. No. We did not remove any technologies or chip capabilities or components. This was primarily done because of improvements to our supply chain, an area that we've been investing in a lot. Internally, there are benefits from scale that we are now enjoying. There are, for example, suppliers, tier two suppliers. They've now upgraded to tier one. They're getting better cost components. I can think of components that are 70% cheaper now than they used to be. So I generally expect to continue this process of making design improvements, improving our supply chain, and by, you know, increasing scale, getting additional benefits from that to see the cost of the robots come down over time.

Okay. Thanks. This next question was submitted via email. Can you say why you focused on the second half for the robot rollout?

Yeah. Absolutely. We want to do the scale-up thoughtfully and in a measured way where we are cost-efficient. So this quarter, building 250 robots effectively means that we are tripling our fleet size. Again, in Q3, when we build another 700, another tripling of the fleet size. The point of this process is to do it gradually so we learn. We fix things along the way. We reduce costs, just as I mentioned, with the hardware, for example. So that we can, again, as we said at the beginning, do this in a cost-efficient and thoughtful way as we scale.

Perfect. This next question we received from a number of people, but most notably Glenn Madison at Ladenburg. Can you comment on recent developments with NVIDIA? Ali, do you want to do that one?

Yeah. Absolutely. What developments? We have really no, you know, ability to comment on NVIDIA's behalf. I want to be clear on that. But I do want to emphasize a couple of things. NVIDIA isn't really privy to any material confidential information about Serve. Or vice versa. They invested in Serve in 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024 right before our IPO. And that's when we were a private company. And they exited that position when we became a public company. What's most important, what I can comment on, is that they remain a key partner for us on the technology side. That partnership has not changed. Our robots continue to use their technology. Even the robots we are building later this year are using those NVIDIA chips. So we are continuing to work together, and that hasn't changed.

Okay. Thank you. Next question. In recent weeks, we've learned more about planned policy changes and tariff introduction. Do you anticipate any impact on your operations? Brian, do you want to take this one?

Sure. Thanks for the question. So, obviously, we're monitoring developments on a daily basis to understand what the impact is going to be. The bottom line is right now, we don't anticipate any material impact on our operations. We have a global supply chain and hardware team who are working to diversify the supply chain. We have some exposure in China, but that's going to be an immaterial impact when we think about our country of origin and the parts that we're getting. And I think really importantly, like we talked about on the call, is we're seeing further cost reductions throughout this year for the remainder of the fleet. So hopefully, you know, should policy changes come in that will impact us, we would be able to offset those with some of the additional reductions.

Okay. Perfect. Next question comes from Mike Latimore at Northland. We've seen that there were recent wildfires in LA. Any impact on Serve? Will this slow usage or roll-up plans in new neighborhoods?

Yeah. No. There wasn't any impact on our rollout plan. We had a few team members who had to unfortunately deal with evacuations. We experienced a few days of lower volume than usual, but compared to the impact on the broader LA community, the impact on us was very minimal and brief.

Okay. Thank you. Next question is from Aaron Kessler at Seaport. Can you give an update on the Vivo acquisition?

I can do that. Yes. We had some issues with the closing conditions right now. So the deal has been on somewhat of a pause until we work that out. The discussions continue. Hard to say where it would end up, but not a material transaction. If any updates come up, we would share that with everyone.

Okay. Thank you. Follow-up question, Ali. How are things going in Miami?

Things are going great. Actually, we are seeing good utilization of the robots. We have 50 restaurants already onboarded. The growth is looking to be on the right track. We are excited to expand further there. In fact, in some of our key delivery metrics, we are ahead of schedule. So overall, I would say we are very happy with what we're seeing, and we're going to continue to collect data there to improve our models and our operation overall. And as we do, we are going to scale the size of the robots further.

Okay. Thank you. Our next question is from Mike Latimore at Northland. Can you provide any updates on the Gen 3 robot's performance? Are there any early insights available on how well the new hardware is working in the new market?

Yes. I'm happy to do that. The robots are looking great compared to a similar time frame of the previous generation robots. They're performing much better. We are obviously rolling them out in stages so that we can learn and detect any problems and put them really through their paces before we scale even further. The most important achievement we needed in Gen 3 robots was the ability to scale them efficiently and quickly as the manufacturer scaled efficiently and quickly, and we're very happy with that manufacturing process. So the early results are positive. And we're going to keep learning and improving.

Okay. And this is our final question. It comes from Mike Latimore in Northland. What are your expectations now for 2026 and beyond? Do you still think the market can absorb as many of your robots as you can produce and optimize?

Absolutely. Yes. We do believe we see a strong demand for the robots both in the existing markets as well as in new cities and even new countries. Ultimately, we really believe that the significant cost reduction in last-mile delivery will keep up, even accelerating the rate of growth that already exists in demand for last mile. And that means there's going to always be demand for this robot.

Okay. That's all our questions for today. Thank you for participating, and I turn it back to the operator.

This concludes today's conference. You may now disconnect.