Thank you, operator. I'd like to welcome everyone to Stifel Financial's Third Quarter 2021 Financial Results Conference Call. I'm joined on the call today by our Chairman and CEO, Ron Kruszewski; our Co-Presidents, Victor Nesi and Jim Zemlek; and our CFO, Jim Marischen. Earlier this morning we issued an earnings release and posted a slide deck and financial supplement to our website, which can be found on our Investor Relations page at www.stifel.com. I would note that some of the numbers that we state throughout our presentation are presented on a non-GAAP basis, and I would refer to our reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP as disclosed in our press release. I would also remind listeners to refer to our earnings release, financial supplement and our slide presentation for information on forward-looking statements and non-GAAP measures. This audiocast is copyrighted material of Stifel Financial Corp. and may not be duplicated, reproduced or rebroadcast without the consent of Stifel Financial. I will now turn the call over to our Chairman and CEO, Ron Kruszewski.

Thanks Joel. To our guests, good morning and thank you for taking the time to listen to our third quarter 2021 results. I'll start the call with some highlights from our quarter and first nine months. Then Jim Marischen will review our balance sheet and expenses and I'll wrap up with some concluding thoughts. Our third quarter represented our second highest net revenue and earnings per share as both operating segments Global Wealth and Institutional generated strong results. As I said before, our success is driven by the continued reinvestment in our business, and based on our investment banking and recruiting pipelines, organic bank growth and expertise, Stifel remains well positioned to continue and build upon our decade-long growth. Revenue in the quarter totaled nearly $1.15 billion, an increase of 30%. While certainly pleased with our quarterly revenue, it is noteworthy that we achieved this despite the fact that several large advisory assignments, which we had forecast to close in the third quarter, have slipped into the fourth quarter. For the nine-month period, we generated record revenue of more than $3.4 billion, up 28% from the comparable period in 2020. The growth in revenue and lower expense ratios resulted in non-GAAP EPS of $1.65, which is up 56% year-on-year and $4.85 year-to-date, which is up 68%. The strength of our results was driven by a combination of revenue growth and expense discipline, resulting in pretax margins of nearly 24%. In addition, reflecting our focus and returns to investors' capital, we achieved nearly 28% annualized return on tangible common equity. Tangible book value per share also increased 27% in the last year. Turning to the next slide, our third-quarter net revenue was driven by record Global Wealth Management revenue and robust Institutional revenues. As we forecasted, compensation as a percentage of net revenues declined sequentially to 58.2%. Our operating expense ratio was 17.9%, and excluding credit provision and Investment Banking growth subs totaled 16.9%, which was within the guidance range we gave on last quarter's call. Taken together, Stifel's quarterly pretax income totaled $274 million, which increased 60% from the third quarter of 2020. As I said on last quarter's call, Stifel is and will continue to be a growth company, and our results in the third quarter and year-to-date illustrate our impressive long-term growth trajectory. Our disciplined approach to capital deployment and acquisitions has resulted in a diversified business model that has not only made us more relevant to our clients, but also enabled us to grow during both good and bad market environments. Last quarter we updated our full-year 2021 revenue guidance to be in the range of $4.5 billion to $4.7 billion. Our annualized nine-month revenue is essentially in the middle of our guidance and would represent our 26th consecutive year of record net revenue, up over 20% from last year. Our performance in 2021 and, quite frankly, over the past six years has been a testament to our focus on consistently reinvesting in our business and our people. We built a diversified business comprised of highly talented individuals, that has enabled our firm to generate consistent growth regardless of the operating environment, which is something I believe gets overlooked by analysts and investors. We take a disciplined approach to capital deployment, focusing on where we can generate the best risk-adjusted returns. Since the end of 2015, this approach has enabled us to consistently grow our assets from $13 billion to over $30 billion, execute and integrate 11 acquisitions, add nearly 700 financial advisors, initiate and consistently grow our dividend, and repurchase approximately 20 million shares. We accomplished all of this while improving our pretax margins over that time period from 10% to nearly 24% and through the first nine months of 2021 generated an annualized return on tangible equity of nearly 30%. I would note these results are against the backdrop of a zero-rate environment, and Stifel is very well positioned from a net interest income and margin perspective for an increase in interest rates. Speaking of good acquisitions, I am pleased to welcome our new partner from Vining Sparks. We expect this transaction to close at the end of October, and I'm excited about this strategic step for our business. As shown on this slide, we are adding a highly complementary business to our already strong fixed income franchise. Vining Sparks focuses on providing institutional fixed income brokerage, balance sheet management, portfolio accounting, and underwriting services to depository institutions. Our analysis indicates that 70% of Vining Sparks' revenue is generated from depositories with less than $2 billion in assets, while nearly 75% of Stifel’s depository revenue comes from clients with greater than $2 billion in assets. As such, we believe that the combination of our two firms is not only highly complementary but cements Stifel’s position as the leading investment bank for depository institutions in the United States. Looking another way at the complementary profiles as a combination, there exists only a 5% revenue overlap within the end clients of a combined client base. We also believe there exist solid synergy opportunities in debt offerings and M&A through KBW and correspondent banking though Stifel Bank. Moving on to our operating segments and starting with Global Wealth Management. Again, we posted record quarterly and year-to-date revenue. Third-quarter revenue totaled $656 million, up 24% year-on-year, and year-to-date revenue was approximately $1.9 billion, an increase of 19%. This growth was driven by recruiting, increased client activity, and growth in interest-earning assets. The continued growth in our Asset Management Revenue in the third quarter was buoyed by higher market valuations and increased client assets in the second quarter, as the majority of our fee-based assets bill in advance. Despite muted growth in equity valuations during the third quarter as measured by the S&P 500, we finished the quarter with record client assets of $407 billion, and fee-based assets of approximately $150 billion. I am pleased with both our loan growth and improvement in net interest income, which increased 21% over last year, and a 10 basis point sequential improvement in our net interest margin. Jim will provide a little more color later in this presentation. The next slide highlights the strength of our recruiting and growth drivers of our platform. For the quarter, we added 46 advisors, including 41 experienced advisors, with a total trailing 12-month production up $35 million. Our recruiting pipelines remain very robust, and furthermore, I expect that our independent channel will begin to add to our recruiting success as that advisor channel is gaining traction and momentum. Moving onto our Institutional Group. We posted our second highest revenue quarter as we continue to benefit from increased activity levels and the scale of our business. Our quarterly net revenue totaled $492 million, which was up 36% from the prior year. Nine-month revenue increased 39% to over $1.5 billion. Record quarterly advisory revenues of $208 million were up nearly 160%, while capital raising posted revenue of $153 million, up 18%. As expected, trading revenue declined to $124 million, while year-to-date trading declined 10% to $455 million. Our Institutional pretax margin for the quarter was 25.4%, which was our second highest, trailing only the second quarter of this year. For the first nine months, our pretax margin was 25.3%, and was up nearly 700 basis points as we continue to generate substantial pipeline growth which drives operating leverage. Looking at the revenue components of the Institutional Group, our equities business posted record nine-month results of $533 million, up 37%, while our third-quarter revenue totaled $142 million, an increase of 7% year-on-year. Our fixed income business posted year-to-date revenue of $428 million and quarterly revenue of $135 million. Our quarterly fixed income business reflected strength in capital raising, offset by a decline in trading revenue. I’ll focus on the trading businesses of these segments and discuss capital raising on the next slide regarding Investment Banking. With respect to our trading businesses, quarterly equity revenue totaled $48 million, down 21% sequentially. As I stated earlier, this was the result of lower market activity levels as volumes on the NYSE and NASDAQ declined 8% sequentially. Additionally, we incurred mark-to-market losses attributed to warrants associated with certain Investment Banking transactions versus gains in the prior quarter. For the first nine months, equity trading revenue was $189 million, up 1% from 2020. Fixed income trading revenue of $76 million was down 17% sequentially as we saw lower activity levels and agency corporates and munis as overall market activity declined similarly. On slide nine, Investment Banking quarterly revenue increased 71% to $372 million, which was just $5 million short of what would amount to our fourth consecutive quarterly record. Year-to-date Investment Banking revenue totals nearly $1.1 billion, up 77%, as both advisory capital raising for having record years. The $208 million of advisory revenue was our second consecutive record quarter, driven primarily by the strength of our U.S. business, notably Financials, Diversified Services, and Technology. While essentially all of our major verticals generated strong results, we also saw sequential gains in healthcare, industrials, and in the fund placement business from Eaton Partners. With our pipelines at record levels, and barring a substantial change in the market or the economy, we expect another strong advisory quarter for the fourth quarter of 2021. Moving on to Capital Raising, our equity underwriting business posted revenue of $104 million, up 22%. We saw a balance in this business with contributions from healthcare, technology, financials, and industrials. Our fixed income underwriting business posted its second consecutive record quarter with $61 million in revenue, up 6% sequentially. Our Municipal Finance business posted another great quarter, as we lead managed 257 municipal issues. For the first nine months, our market share in terms of number of transactions increased year-on-year by 140 basis points to 12.7% market share. In addition to the strength of our public finance business, we continue to see strong contributions from our debt capital markets business as we completed a record number of deals in the quarter. Our activity levels in equity capital raising have slowed from the robust levels earlier this year. Overall activity remains solid with strong pipelines in our fixed income underwriting business. I expect another strong quarter for the fourth quarter.

Thanks Ron and good morning everyone. Turning to slide 10, for the quarter net interest income totaled $132 million, which is up 10% sequentially. Our firm-wide net interest margin increased to 210 basis points, primarily due to increases in leverage finance fee income and our stock loan business, while our bank NIM remained at 240 basis points. The growth in our NII was driven by a 5% increase in our interest-earning assets, as well as the aforementioned increased leverage finance fee income and security lending activity. In terms of our fourth quarter expectations, we see net interest income in a range of $125 million to $135 million, with a similar NIM to the third quarter, as we expect lower activity levels and some of the more episodic fee income opportunities to be offset by the growth in our balance sheet. I’d also note that we’ve updated our asset sensitivity based on the increased size of our balance sheet. In our first quarter earnings call, we estimated that we would generate an incremental $150 million to $175 million of pretax income as a result of a 100 basis point increase in rates. However, given the nearly $3 billion increase in our balance sheet since the end of the first quarter, we are revising this forecast to a range of $175 million to $200 million, using the same market and deposit beta assumptions. Moving on to the next slide, I’ll go into more detail on the bank's loan and investment portfolios. We ended the quarter with total net loans of $13.6 billion, which was up approximately $730 million from the prior quarter, primarily driven by growth in our consumer channel. Our mortgage portfolio increased by $390 million sequentially, as we continue to see demand for residential loans from our wealth management clients. Our securities-based loan portfolio increased by approximately $250 million. Growth in these loans continues to be strong, as financial advisor recruiting momentum continues to drive increased loan balances. Our commercial portfolio increased by nearly $100 million sequentially, primarily due to a 5% increase in C&I loans, as increases in fund banking loans more than offset the expected reduction in PPP loans. Moving to the investment portfolio, which increased by $330 million sequentially, the vast majority of the sequential growth was in our CLO portfolio, as we continue to see these securities as generating strong risk-adjusted returns. Turning to the allowance, we had a modest reserve release of approximately $700,000, as improvement in our economic projections was essentially offset by the additional reserves tied to loan growth. As a result of the reserve release and the composition of our loan growth during the quarter, our ratio of allowance to total loans declined to 91 basis points, excluding PPP loans. I would reiterate that it’s important to look at the level of reserves between our consumer and commercial portfolios, given the relative levels of inherent risk. At quarter-end, the consumer allowance to total loans was 36 basis points, and the commercial portfolio was 120 basis points. We also continue to see strong credit metrics, with nonperforming assets to nonperforming loans declining to only four basis points. Moving on to capital and liquidity. Our risk-based and leverage capital ratios increased to 20.6% and 12%, respectively. The increase in our capital ratios was a result of continued strength in our operating results and an incremental $150 million of preferred equity and the decreasing impact of volatility associated with the pandemic on our trading portfolio. We continued our share repurchase program in the second quarter by buying back 670,000 shares at an average price of $66.74. Year-to-date, we repurchased nearly 1.5 million shares at an average cost of $66.34, with approximately 11.8 million shares remaining on our current share repurchase authorization. We continue to feel good about our financial position as our liquidity remains strong. In addition to the $6 billion available in our Suite program, the bank has access to off-balance sheet funding of more than $5 billion. On the next slide, we go through expenses. In the third quarter, our pretax margin improved 450 basis points year-on-year to nearly 24%. The increase was the result of strong revenue growth, a lower compensation ratio, and our continued expense discipline. Our comp-to-revenue ratio at 58.2% was down 140 basis points from the prior year and was down 130 basis points for the prior quarter. For the first nine months of this year, our comp ratio is 59.5%, which was down 120 basis points from 2020, but I would note that our total year-to-date comp expense is more than $400 million above the comparable period in 2020. Non-compensation operating expenses excluding the credit loss provision and expenses related to investment banking transactions totaled approximately $194 million and represented 16.9% of our net revenue. The increase from the prior quarter was driven by increased conference, travel, and entertainment expenses. In the quarter, our non-GAAP after-tax adjustments totaled $13 million or $0.11 per share. As previously noted, the difference between GAAP and non-GAAP results are mainly related to deal expenses that primarily include stock-based compensation and intangible amortization. The effective tax rate during the quarter came in at 25%. It was at the mid-point of our guidance we provided for the second half of 2021 on our last earnings call. We expect to see the effective rate move lower in the fourth quarter given the anticipated benefit related to the tax impact on stock-based compensation. In terms of our share count, our average fully diluted share count declined by 125,000 shares. It was roughly in line with our guidance on last quarter's call. Absent any assumption for additional share repurchases and assuming a stable stock price, we expect the fourth quarter fully diluted share count to be 119.5 million shares. This increase is largely attributable to the shares that will be issued in conjunction with the Vining Sparks transaction.

Thanks Jim. 2021 has clearly been an outstanding year in the market, and our results so far illustrate the power of the business we've built and our ability to capitalize on this type of environment. Through the first nine months, we're not only on pace to surpass our full-year record revenue by more than 20%, but our earnings per share have already eclipsed last year's full-year record as our pretax margin is up more than 400 basis points despite the headwinds of the zero-interest rate environment. Our ability to generate these types of returns is a direct result of both the acquisitions we've made and the people we've hired. Our acquisition strategy has focused on adding complementary businesses that are not only accretive but are a good cultural fit, and at that point let me again emphasize how happy we are to be adding a firm like Vining Sparks to our organization. Our strategy for recruiting is similar in many ways to our approach to acquisition, and we look not only for high-quality advisors and bankers but also individuals that are attracted to the culture we've built at Stifel. Simply put, this growth strategy has increased the scale of our business and relevance to our clients, while enabling us to capitalize on the strength of the operating environment in ways we could not have anticipated just five years ago. As I look forward, the fundamentals of the current market remain positive as fiscal and monetary policies remain accommodative and low-interest rates continue to benefit the equities markets. That said, there are a number of potential headwinds, including increased inflation, the potential for tax law changes, regulatory reforms, as well as the ongoing impact of COVID-19. However, as we’ve proved over the past few years, our diversified business model is capable of generating strong results in a variety of market conditions, and I believe we remain well positioned for the future, fully understanding that market conditions can change quickly. With that, operator, please open the line for questions.

Your first question comes from Steven Chubak from Wolfe Research. Your line is now open.

Hi! Good morning, Ron, and good morning, Jim. So Ron, on last quarter's call, the discussion was about the 18-month air pocket in terms of deal activity. So it's certainly nice to see you announce the Vining Sparks deal. We are starting to see a pick-up in activity, both for you and peers, and just given the strength of your excess capital position, but still pretty full valuations for some potential targets, I was hoping you could just speak to your appetite to do additional deals and in which sector verticals you see the most compelling opportunities to expand organically.

Well, I think you know the Vining Sparks deal is both illustrative of the kind of deals we’d like to do and that we've done over time. It’s highly complementary. It’s a strong cultural fit. It adds to our relevance to our clients in the depository space. They bring a lot of great additional capabilities to our firm, and the transaction is expected to be accretive to our shareholders and in line with the returns that we look at. So on one hand, I think that that's a great transaction. On the other hand, we've had a little bit of an air pocket, and a lot of it is driven by asset values. Just to give you a sense of how we look at things, there are a number of transactions that will be accretive to earnings per share but are dilutive to our return on equity and that's kind of where the conundrum comes in. So that’s true in many ways; it’s true in the bank space today, at least for us. We're earning high 20s return on tangible. Most banks today are earning a 10% return on equity, and so when we look at that as a potential area for acquisitions, we conclude that we're better off growing organically. We think the returns are double by growing organically versus doing an acquisition and there are other sectors where the valuation just really dilutes your return on capital. So you know that answer is the same answer we've been giving for 25 years, and I expect that answer to stay the same.

Alright, that's helpful Ron, and yes, you have been remarkably consistent in your messaging there. Certainly the follow-up I had is just on rate sensitivity and how you're thinking about managing some of your excess liquidity at the same time. Just given the strength of your excess capital position, I do believe you're 12% here, one leverage is going to put you at the top of the heap of all the banks that we track. How you are thinking about deploying some of the $6 billion of off-balance sheet liquidity that you have today, whether there's any appetite to accelerate growth at the bank? And I know you raised the rate sensitivity for the overall firm given better volume growth. It looks like you didn't change your deposit beta assumptions; I just wanted to firm up, what deposit beta assumption do you have today, and how does that compare to what you guys experienced in the last tightening cycle?

Yeah, I’ll let Jim talk a minute about the beta functions; he knows that more than I do, but in terms of assumptions. But in terms of strategy going forward in this environment, and again always with the caveat that you know we're going to deploy capital when we believe it’s appropriate based on risk-adjusted returns. One of the things I want to communicate is our ability to consistently grow our interest-earning assets. What that means for both our earnings and our relevance to our clients and while basically taking our capital levels back down. So we do have some excess capital. We have deposits that we can sweep into the bank, and we have a lot of opportunities to organically grow interest-earning assets. When you model that out over two to three years, you can see just from that one line item, net interest income, how that can right-size our capital levels. I agree we both can counsel here, but drive earnings as well, just from net interest income. What we invest there and the way we do it in the sectors that we invest in are highly synergistic with what we're doing in wealth management. We do a lot of mortgages for clients and SPA loans for clients. On the institutional side, we’ve been building our leverage loan capabilities and we’ve been lending to our clients. So we see a lot of demand, and that excess capital is going to be recycled right back into the growth of this company.

And maybe to pick it up from there, in terms of deposit beta, our assumption was a 25% deposit beta. If you look back to the last cycle, we did a little bit better than that, and I’d also highlight that that was really more back-end weighted. In the first three or four rate hikes of the last cycle, you didn't see nearly that. In terms of additional commentary on capital deployment, we’ve been talking about buying back shares to offset dilution. We had some comments on some of the increase in the share count expected for 4Q, so we do expect the buyback to pick up to account for normal dilution from stock-based compensation, as well as the impact from the recently announced transaction.

That’s very helpful color. Thank you both for taking my questions.

Sure. Have a great day!

Your next question comes from the line of Devin Ryan from JMP Securities. Your line is now open.

Good morning, Devin!

Good morning, Ron. How are you and Jim as well?

Good!

Great! First question just on the – your financial advisor recruiting commentary, so we saw a nice headline yesterday about the addition of an independent contractor team that's joining, and obviously I heard your comments as well that you're seeing some nice recruiting momentum there. Should we think about that channel? I know it's small today for the firm, but like that's going to be just entirely incremental to what you're doing on the employee side or is that kind of budgeted in a broader bucket, so it's one or the other. How should we think about that addition or kind of momentum from here? And then also, how are you feeling about M&A in that channel? I know it has a lot of different considerations in the independent side relative to the employee side, but also maybe some more opportunities just given the fragmentation there.

Look, I think the simplest way to look at that is as an advisory channel that we have pretty much ignored. When we thought about it, Jim and I – Jim Z and I talked about it, we concluded that having that option would actually help our recruiting on the employee side as people look forward and think at some point they might want to be independent. That optionality certainly helps with recruiting on the employee side. But overall, the way you need to look at it is simply rather as a channel that we haven’t been recruiting in and we’re going to be recruiting, and you know I've been sitting in some meetings with conference rooms full of advisors that are interested, independent advisors that are interested in joining Stifel, and this is from a dead zero start. So look – again, look at our track record and look at how we build businesses, and I think that that's what you're going to see in the independent channel. I’m just getting started. You're right; we just hired our first team. I remember when we hired our first advisor back in ’97. So it does build from there, and I can promise you.

Okay, great. And then just a follow-up Ron. You did touch on this, but I just want to dig a little bit more around the opportunity to kind of scale up the bank, and just want some additional thoughts maybe around how you're thinking about the size of the bank relative to the overall firm or the wealth management business. I appreciate you have excess capital today, do you have excess deposits and you're generating 20% plus returns there. So it’s very attractive in places to kind of deploy capital and grow, and it’s also incremental to your customer base as well. So you know, you’ve been growing it faster, I think you alluded to heading into the year, because there’s maybe more opportunity. But if you look out over the next two years, how are you thinking about the potential size of the bank, and could it be much bigger relative to the overall Stifel franchise today?

Well, first of all, the bank, as I've said, is undersized to the Stifel franchise. When you think about total puttings in the firm of about $30 billion of banks, you know call it 25 of that, you know 22 actually of that, and we have a large institutional business with over $400 billion of AUM, and clients. Our ability to grow the bank within our own client set is large, we'll just say that. I think the way we need to communicate about this – maybe I'm saying this for the first time – but I’ll answer your question this way: you should think about our ability. We’re a $30 billion bank holding company today, and three years from now, I don't see why we’re not a $40 billion bank holding company. When you look backwards to how we've gone from $13 billion to $30 billion, and I'll start applying that forward because I think that’s the prologue, you will see the power of this organization and the power that comes when you take that growth and do it organically, versus trying to do it through acquisition, and that's what I would tell you to think about and look at. I think you'll see the power of some numbers that occur when you do that.

Yep. Okay, terrific! I’ll leave it there. Thank you, Ron. I appreciate it.

Your next question comes from the line of Alex Blostein from Goldman Sachs. Your line is now open.

Good morning Alex!

Hey, good morning Ron, good morning Jim. I wanted to dig a little more into the organic growth trends in the wealth management business. Obviously recognizing that disclosure is not consistent, I’m curious how you guys are seeing the organic growth evolve. Maybe you could help us put some numbers around it. I know you really focus on recruited revenue, which is probably frankly a better indication of organic growth and new assets. But what is kind of the organic net new revenue growth in that business over the last call it 12 months? How do you see that’s trended, and given the changes you're seeing in the business and your evolution there? How do you expect it to evolve over the next few years?

No, I think Mark, I see a lot of these numbers where you talk about organic asset growth, and you know ours is in the 5% to 6% range when we look at it. The lifeblood of the businesses is net new assets. Those net new assets are also done through recruiting and building the franchise. So you're right, we tend to focus on adding the people and bringing in new clients. But I believe that – not believe, I know that our organic growth in assets is in that range that I just stated, and that's obviously muted across the industry because of the low rate environment. But I would say that – I don't know if I’m answering your question, but that's certainly how we look at it. I feel like that's in line with the growth that I hear about. I can never actually see how people calculate that.

Right so, rate dynamic aside, if I kind of read your point about look 5% to 6% organic, I guess net new asset growth that translates reasonably well to Stifel’s kind of organic revenue growth, like recruited organic, kind of you know those are sort of interchangeable, but is that a fair statement?

Yeah, I think it is.

Perfect! Great! And then my quick follow-up, sorry, there are a couple of conflicting earnings calls this morning. Vining Sparks, I don’t know if you heard profitability, revenue expense contribution you expect in ‘22 or once the deal closes. Can you help us with that?

No.

Thankfully

No, over here, like I said it’s accretive. The revenues, I mean look I think we said somewhere that revenues averaged over the last 10 years about $150 million. It’s been better in the last few years, but I think that’s—so yes, to give you some size; we run it on our models that you can expect it to be accretive. That's what we expect, and that's about all I’ll say about that. Okay.

Your next question comes from the line of Chris Allen from Compass Point. Your line is now open.

Good morning, Chris!

Good morning. I was wondering if you could give a little bit more color on trading. Maybe specifically, what was the actual impact of the warrants, so we can get a kind of a run rate on the equity side? And then how is the environment shaping up so far in the fourth quarter?

Let me take the last part first, because I was just looking at that this morning. Our equity trading businesses have started actually strong in the quarter. I think it's a seasonal thing for us anyway if you look back over the years; I think that that's the case. We didn’t give a number regarding you know what the warrant was, but it was a gain in the second quarter and a loss in the third quarter. In general, that would explain substantially the difference between the market value declines and what we declined—I'll say that in general, alright. We were down more than the market, and that delta is pretty much explained by the delta in the mark-to-market for the warrants. Maybe the other thing, when I look at the large firms, I look at numbers, I've tried to understand what goes in to those equity trading numbers, and I have concluded that there are things—speaking to large firms now—there are things that they were doing on equity derivatives and prime brokerage and some things that we're not doing; those numbers are not as comparable as you would think. We will generally be correlated to average daily volumes, and so the answer to your question is that our decline sequentially on the equity side was more than the average daily volume decline, and the vast majority of that delta is in the mark-to-market of warrants.

Got it. And any color just in terms of the thick environment?

Yes, I would say that it's also improving from the summer, which is against seasonal. So I would expect a strong fourth quarter. Of course, you are going to see a nice uptick in our thick volumes because we are closing a deal here that is a nice deal. So you're going to have to factor in the increase for Vining Sparks.

Got it. Thanks, guys.

Operator: There are no further questions. Ron Kruszewski: Thank you, operator, and I appreciate the thoughtful questions from our analysts. We look forward to our report in January. As I mentioned, our outlook is very positive, supported by favorable market conditions and our growth pipeline, which leads me to believe we will continue to provide excellent returns for our shareholders. I look forward to presenting the results for the fourth quarter and the full year of 2021, likely in late January 2022. Thank you all for your time and attention, and have a great day!

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.