Thank you for being here. Welcome to AT&T's Second Quarter 2023 Earnings Call. Currently, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the presentation, we will open the call for questions. Also, please note that this conference is being recorded. I will now hand the call over to our host, Amir Rozwadowski, Senior Vice President, Finance and Investor Relations. Please proceed.

Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to our second quarter call. I'm Amir Rozwadowski, Head of Investor Relations for AT&T. Joining me on the call today are John Stankey, our CEO; and Pascal Desroches, our CFO. Before we begin, I need to call your attention to our Safe Harbor statement. It says that some of our comments today may be forward-looking. As such, they're subject to risks and uncertainties described in AT&T's SEC filings. Results may differ materially. Additional information including our earnings materials are available on the Investor Relations website. With that, I'll turn the call over to John Stankey. John?

Thanks, Amir, and good morning, everyone. I appreciate you joining us. I'd like to open our discussion today by sharing that at the halfway point of the year, our performance and results are tracking entirely consistent with the guidance we provided to you. In fact, as Pascal shares the specifics with you, I think you'll conclude that our performance continues to demonstrate our strategy is on track to achieve the objectives we outlined three years ago: to drive consistent growth; simplify the company; and reduce leverage. To that end, I'd like to spend a few moments today summarizing that progress and how we believe this positions our company for sustainable and profitable growth going forward. Let's start by looking at our wireless. For the last three years, our teams have executed on a strategy that enabled us to go from annually losing share to now delivering the right combination of continued postpaid phone adds, low postpaid churn, growing average revenue per user (ARPU), and profitability growth. Specifically, over the past three years, we've added 8.3 million postpaid phone net adds, that's up from fewer than 1 million in the three years prior to July 2020. During the past three years, not only did we close the gap to the industry share leader for postpaid phones by about 350 basis points, but we also improved our wireless service revenue share versus the industry leader by roughly 250 basis points. On postpaid phone churn, we drove an improvement of 28 basis points since the beginning of 2020. We also achieved our record low quarterly postpaid phone churn in two of those three years. In stark contrast, the wireless industry's leaders postpaid phone churn was relatively flat over the same time. Statistics aside, from my perspective, our historically low levels of churn along with improved mobility net promoter scores show me that our customers are very happy with the investments we've made in AT&T's customer experience and network quality and that our teams are delivering great value. Ultimately, this means our customers are more likely to stay with AT&T over the long haul. And this is confirmed by external indicators like the American Customer Satisfaction Index, which recently named AT&T as the number one in wireless customer satisfaction. So, more customers are choosing AT&T and staying with AT&T. They're also more profitable as evidenced by our increasing postpaid phone ARPU and service revenues. Over the past three years, our postpaid phone ARPU is up more than a dollar. This shows that customers are voting with their wallets. We've achieved the right balance between the cost of our services and the value we provide. Lastly, let’s look at wireless revenues and profitability. From 2Q 2018 to 2Q 2020, our wireless service revenues were essentially flat. Our profitability was up modestly over that time period. However, in the past three years, we've grown quarterly wireless service revenues by about $2 billion, up roughly 15%, and we've materially increased profitability on an annual basis. I should also call out the success we're seeing in our prepaid business, where Cricket has sustained growth by continuing to add prepaid voice customers to one of the highest value subscriber bases in the sector. Now let's turn to our fiber business. Our investment thesis for building more fiber started with our understanding that people needed better and faster broadband connectivity than what was available, and that those needs would only grow exponentially. We believe that by providing the best access technology on the planet we can transform our consumer wireline business into a fiber-fueled sustainable growth franchise. Our results have only strengthened that confidence as returns continue to exceed our initial expectations. Over the past three years, we've had more than 3.4 million AT&T fiber net adds, boosting our subscriber base by roughly 80%. Everywhere we put fiber in the ground, we feel good about our ability to win with consumers. In fact, our average penetration rate is about 38%. Over the past three years, our fiber net additions outpaced the leading cable providers broadband net additions. This is an impressive accomplishment given the size of their footprint. Since the second quarter of 2020, we doubled our quarterly fiber broadband revenues reaching more than $1.5 billion this quarter. And over the past three years, the accretive mix shift to fiber has driven our broadband ARPU up more than $10, an increase of 20%. This again shows that customers are voting with their dollars. We also have plenty of room to run as we're still less expensive than competitive offerings in the market. So let me summarize. Our wireless business is growing share in ARPU with low churn and improving margins. And our fiber business is accelerating new build penetration, growing share in ARPU while lowering churn and improving margins. This is the formula for sustainable top and bottom line results and we're confident this success will be sustainable over the next three years. As industry convergence accelerates, our owners' economics in both fiber and wireless provide AT&T with a strategic advantage that will be hard to match. The lifetime value of our mobile customer is significantly higher than that of a cable MVNO customer. Cable is busy adding wireless customers at very low lifetime values just to protect customers they already have. We're not only keeping our current high-value customers happy, but also adding more of them. Moving to our next priority, I'm pleased with how we continue to simplify our business and improve our efficiency. Our cost-savings initiative has achieved our $6 billion run rate savings target, and we believe there is significant opportunity to build on this momentum with another $2 billion plus over the next three years. After a period of reinvestment, this work has been the foundation for our recent margin improvements, as shown in our adjusted EBITDA margin improvement this quarter of 210 basis points compared to the same quarter last year. These additional cost savings will be largely driven by the sunsetting of our legacy product portfolio as supporting infrastructure. As we ramp up our execution on this work, we'll begin to enjoy the benefits of our simplified focus on wireless and fiber. Turning to our final priority, we continue to allocate capital in a deliberate manner to create best-in-class experiences for customers, drive sustainable profitable growth, and deliver long-term value for shareholders. Over the past three years, we've reduced our net debt by about $20 billion. We also recently transferred $8 billion of pension liabilities through the purchase of insurance annuities. As Pascal will discuss, we've addressed a number of one-time and discrete items and now expect to use an increasing amount of our free cash flows after dividends to accelerate our debt reduction efforts. We remain committed to achieving the 2.5 times range for net debt to adjusted EBITDA in the first half of 2025. We feel good about our ability to accomplish this goal while providing an attractive dividend with improving credit quality as we expect to increase cash generation over time. At the same time, we're investing in the future of our company and the future of our country’s connectivity. Since July 2020, our capital investment has totaled about $65 billion. As one of the largest investors in America's broadband infrastructure, we're enhancing our 5G and fiber network at a historic pace. We're focused on connecting the most people and the most places with the best experience. Over the past three years, we've passed about 7 million new fiber locations, increasing our locations passed by about 40%. Over the same time, we've expanded our nationwide 5G network to cover approximately 290 million people, and we now reach more than 175 million with mid-band 5G spectrum. While some of our peers spend time trying to convince you why their services are good enough for now, we're investing billions to provide Americans access to the best Internet offering for decades to come. I'll end my remarks by reiterating that the repositioning of our business can be credited to our team's belief in our strategy and ongoing commitment to delivering real value for our customers. We are focused on ensuring AT&T is the clear choice to serve our country's connectivity needs, not only today but well into the future. With that, I'll turn it over to Pascal. Pascal?

Thank you, John, and good morning, everyone. Let's move to our second-quarter financial summary on the next slide. Consolidated revenues were up nearly 1% in the second quarter, largely driven by wireless service revenue and fiber revenues. Additionally, revenues in our Mexico operation were also higher due to increases in wholesale and equipment revenues, as well as favorable foreign exchange. These increases were partially offset by an expected decrease in low-margin mobility equipment revenues and a decline in business wireline. Adjusted EBITDA was up 7% for the quarter with growth in Mobility, Consumer Wireline in Mexico, which was partially offset by an expected decline in Business Wireline. We are on track to deliver our full-year adjusted EBITDA guidance. Given our momentum to date, we are confident in delivering adjusted EBITDA growth of better than 3%. Adjusted EPS was $0.63 compared to $0.65 in the year-ago quarter. This includes about $0.07 of non-cash aggregated EPS headwinds from lower pension credits, lower capitalized interest, and lower DIRECTV equity income, all of which we expected. Cash from operating activities was $9.9 billion versus $7.7 billion last year and was up $3.2 billion sequentially. The main factors driving this year-over-year increase were: higher receipts driven by earnings growth; higher securitizations; and lower device and interest payments. Capital investment was $5.9 billion in the quarter and $12.4 billion year to date. This reflects continued historically high levels of investment in 5G and fiber. We expect to move past peak capital investment levels as we exit the year. We feel really good about free cash flow of $4.2 billion in the quarter. For the first half of 2023 compared to the first half of 2022, free cash flow was up about $1 billion, and we expect our cash generation to accelerate from here. We delivered this year-over-year growth in the first half despite about $8 billion lower DIRECTV cash distributions and roughly $7 billion in lower net impact of sales of receivables. We expect free cash flow of about $11 billion for the remainder of 2023, weighted towards the fourth quarter. Here are the factors driving this acceleration of free cash flow relative to the first-half performance: One, we expect capital investments to be about $1 billion lower in the second half of the year after peaking in the first half. Two, we anticipate device payments to be about $4.5 billion lower than the first half of the year. Three, the first half of the year included more than $1 billion of annual incentive compensation payments that won't repeat in the second half. Four, and as I mentioned earlier, we expect full-year adjusted EBITDA growth of more than 3%. Lastly, we expect other working capital improvement of roughly $1 billion in the second half of the year relative to the first half of the year, including higher non-cash amortization of deferred acquisition costs. These improvements are expected to be partially offset by lower cash distributions from DIRECTV of about $500 million in the second half of the year relative to the first half, and cash tax is about $1 billion higher in the second half of the year versus the first half of the year. As a result, we are on track to achieve full-year free cash flow of $16 billion or better. Now let's turn to our mobility results on the next slide. Looking at our mobility results, postpaid phone net adds were 326,000. Total revenues and profits of our largest business unit are at all-time second quarter highs. Revenues were up 2%, and service revenues were up 4.9%. These gains were driven by subscriber growth and higher ARPU. Mobility EBITDA was up 8.3% in the quarter. Mobility postpaid phone ARPU was $55.63, up 1.5% year-over-year. The primary drivers of ARPU growth are: higher ARPU on legacy plans from last year's pricing actions; a continued mix shift to higher value rate plans with higher margins; and continued improvement in consumer international roaming trends. Postpaid phone churn remains low at 0.79% for the quarter. In prepaid, we had 123,000 phone net additions with total churn up 2.5%, primarily driven by Cricket. Let's move to the next slide in our wireline results. Our fiber investment is driving Consumer Wireline growth and strong returns. We added 251,000 fiber customers. This is strong growth against an industry that slowed in recent quarters due to significantly lower move activity. Strong fiber revenue growth of 28% drove broadband revenues up by 7% year-over-year. Our fiber revenues are outpacing our legacy revenues and this separation will continue to grow over time. Fiber ARPU was $66.70, up 8%. Customers are increasingly choosing faster speed tiers, which is also supporting ARPU growth. Consumer Wireline EBITDA grew 10.2%. This reflects fiber revenue growth and about $35 million of discrete comparison items that helped EBITDA growth rates. Turning to Business Wireline, EBITDA was down about $75 million year-over-year. This quarter included about $75 million in discrete comparison items, including a one-time access cost benefit. Ultimately, we still see the same underlying trend that went into our guidance, and our full-year expectations are unchanged. Our business solutions wireless service revenues grew 9.1%. FirstNet continues to be a driver of this growth. Connections grew by about 350,000 sequentially, with a little more than one-third of this growth from postpaid phones. What we've accomplished with FirstNet is truly remarkable. Not long ago, this was an underpenetrated segment of our customer base, but by committing to delivering a best-in-class network and tailored solutions for first responders, we’ve become the unquestioned industry leader by exclusively serving the public safety community with 5 million FirstNet connections in just five years. We believe there is runway to continue this growth. Now I'd like to close by taking a moment to provide an update on our capital allocation on the next slide. We wanted to provide some added information around our expectations for reducing net debt. Our plan to reduce net debt and reach the 2.5 times range in the first half of 2025 remains on track. Over the course of the past 12 months, we generated $15.2 billion of free cash flow and paid out total dividends and other distributions of $9.3 billion. This left us with $5.9 billion of remaining cash. So why didn't net debt decline by a proportionate amount? The short answer is that we had approximately $4 billion of one-time items and discrete obligations to pay off. These included our WarnerMedia post-closing adjustment payment, our final NFL Sunday Ticket payment, and redeeming in full the $8 billion preferred interest in our Mobility subsidiary. We partly funded this with $7 billion of issuances for other preferred subsidiary shares. Additionally, net debt reflects about $1.5 billion of mark-to-market impacts from foreign exchange. Keep in mind that our foreign-denominated debt is fully hedged, so economically we have an offsetting foreign currency gain in derivatives. Looking forward, in the fourth quarter, we expect to make the final clearing payment of about $2 billion tied to our 2021 spectrum acquisitions. After this payment, we will be in a position in which we've satisfied all non-recurring near-term financial obligations. The majority of our debt is fixed at very low rates and we have refinanced or refunded some of our near-term debt maturities at really attractive rates. At the same time, capital investment will be coming down from all-time peak levels. This will increase cash and give us more cash to reduce net debt. So going forward, from now until the first half of 2025, we expect to increasingly use our free cash flows after dividends to reduce debt at a faster pace. By the end of this year, we expect to reduce net debt by around $4 billion, excluding any potential foreign exchange impacts, which will put us at about the three times range for net debt to adjusted EBITDA. This puts us on our trajectory to achieve the targeted 2.5 times range in the first half of 2025. In summary, we feel good about our plans to delever and about our Q2 results, which demonstrate our ability to sustainably grow subscribers, service revenues, and profits. Let me turn it back to John to close out our remarks.

Before we open it up for Q&A, I’d like to briefly comment on the telecommunications industry's handling of lead-clad cables in our networks. As background, it’s well understood that lead-clad cables are used broadly in our nation’s infrastructure today. From power cables to telecommunication cables, lead has been used to protect interior wires from exposure to the elements because lead is very stable and it doesn’t rust. The practice has long been known, and its risks of exposure to those in close contact with it have been regulated by federal and state authorities for decades. Generally, the telecommunications industry began to phase out placement of new lead-clad telecom cables in the 1950s. However, lead-clad cables are so durable that they continue to be used in our power grid, in our railway systems, and in our industry, and some of these cables still provide important customer voice and data services, including connecting 911 service, fire alarms, and other central monitoring stations. We take the concerns raised very seriously, as there is no higher priority than the health and safety of our employees and the communities where we live and work, period. We believe that a deliberate review in collaboration with the EPA and our industry partners, with reliable science at the forefront, is the responsible way to evaluate this issue. Independent experts and longstanding science have given us no reason to believe these cables pose a public health risk. In our own prior testing, which we shared publicly, confirms the established science. Still, to be responsive to any concerns raised by recent reporting, we're doing additional testing at selected sites and we're working cooperatively with the Environmental Protection Agency to provide them the information needed to conduct a thorough assessment of the issue using the most up-to-date reliable science. We're very proud of our track record, along with our union partners, in addressing employee safety for those who perform maintenance and repair work on these cables. We fully comply with the established regulatory standards and science related to potential lead exposure for workers and meet or exceed state and federal OSHA requirements for our employees who work with lead. In the abundance of caution, one extra measure we've taken is to expand our existing practice of providing testing for employees involved in cable removal and have added a voluntary testing program for any employee who works with or has worked with lead-clad cables. We're offering the testing on company time and at company expense. Rest assured, that if there's new and reliable information for us to consider, we will constructively work with others in our industry, scientific experts, and government agencies to do what we always endeavor to do, which is act responsibly. I hope the information that we've been providing, including that lead-clad cables constitute a small part of our network with the majority underground encased and in protective conduit, serves as helpful background on the topic. We've always done the right thing related to lead cables. We're doing the right thing today based on current science and protocols, and we will do the right thing should current scientific techniques develop new and reliable evidence that warrants a change in our approach. With that said, we're now ready for questions. Amir?

Thank you, John and Pascal. Operator, we're ready to take the first question.

Our first question will come from Brett Feldman of Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Thanks for taking the question. You had given us some visibility into the net add trends you expected in your wireless business during the quarter; that was very helpful. I was hoping you could share with us what degree of visibility you have into the second half of the year? So for example, are there any unique headwinds that you have to manage through more broadly? What type of market environment are you managing the business around? And are things changing enough at a market level that you're beginning to tweak how you go to market relative to the simplified approach you've been using for a number of years now? Thank you.

Hi, Brett. Good morning. Look, I would tell you, I feel really comfortable with where things are. I like to kind of tick through your questions. Given the second quarter issue we had with one account, I don't have another one of those sitting in front of us that I wherever concerned about. I would say more broadly, the market demonstrates a bit more resiliency than probably what I would have expected in the fourth quarter of, say, last year. We're certainly not seeing the kind of frothiness that was around in 2020 and 2021. But volumes and activity in the market are good. We do our own adjustments for some of the reported numbers. I don't know that every net add in the market is equivalent to the other, so we kind of look at the ones that are economically valuable. But even when we make those adjustments, I think demand has been pretty solid in the market. To your point, there were a lot of structural changes in people's offers. In the second quarter, they came roughly at about the same time. When new messaging gets put into the market, we saw what we typically saw, which is a little bit of a freeze that occurs as consumers process what new offers are out there. And of course, like you, we sat and watched and wanted to know what the ultimate reaction was going to be. And I would tell you, we've moved through that freezing period and I see a situation where we exited the quarter in a very, very good place, consistent with what we would have expected given the value propositions and offers we've had in the market over the past years. So I feel fine about where things are going. I think the consumer continues to show signs that they're pretty healthy right now. I don't see anything that gives me near-term concern about demand. I don't know what happens down the road. It's anybody's guess what the economy does. I've had a fairly conservative bent on that. I think it served us well. I'll keep that conservative bent as we manage the business through the balance of the year, but the market is certainly supporting, I think, healthy growth, and the industry is, I think, even better news, responding well to that growth. I see players investing and I see them making moves to make sure that they can recover returns on those investments. And that's good for all of us. I think it's good for the industry overall and it's good for consumers and the services that they're getting.

Thank you.

Our next question will come from the line of John Hodulik of UBS. Please go ahead.

Thank you. I would like to follow up on Brett's question. John, regarding wireless competition, it seems that gross additions have decreased by about mid-teens. I understand you mentioned that much of the change in subscriber growth is attributed to customer losses in the second quarter. However, do you believe there's a need to respond with promotions to help boost gross additions? Additionally, what factors do you attribute to the loss of market share in terms of gross additions? Furthermore, several of your competitors have recently announced price increases. Could you provide insights into the broader pricing environment in the wireless sector? Do you think you have the ability to implement similar price actions as the year progresses?

So John, good morning. I don't think there's a need for me to clarify further based on my last comment. There was a slight shift in the second quarter, partially due to a new account and new market offers. We've observed a normalization, and we believe our current offerings are performing very well. I've mentioned repeatedly in previous quarters that we've been very focused on specific segments where we choose to direct our efforts. I don't believe that broad promotions are the only way for us to attract customers. We've been quite intentional about our strategy. If you look at our business results, such as the growth we've seen with FirstNet, we know that our channels in the consumer market are capturing the appropriate traffic, and we've experienced positive results in the early part of the second quarter as a result. I feel confident that the market is healthy, and our strategies are effective and performing well. We have been focused on achieving the right kind of growth. I’m not interested in superficial growth; we want customers who contribute stable, recurring revenue and are likely to stay with us long-term. We have opportunities to co-market multiple products to a customer, which increases their loyalty and enhances lifetime values. Those are the areas where we should concentrate our efforts, and we feel positive about it. Therefore, I don’t feel an urgency to change our approach or messaging. Regarding pricing, as you know, I’m very intentional about this; we don’t pre-announce pricing and don’t discuss changes publicly. Nonetheless, I mentioned earlier that all companies in the industry have been working hard to ensure they receive returns on their network and business investments. You are familiar with our past actions, and we’ve been quite successful and careful in our approach. This is how we’ve maintained our churn rates while still achieving some growth in average revenue per user. I expect that we can effectively manage our large subscriber base and look for opportunities to enhance the value we provide to customers, ensuring they perceive better value and service, which would help increase our ARPU. We definitely have the flexibility to do this and we pursue it as part of our normal operations. Sometimes these adjustments are more apparent, other times less so. However, we will continue to manage the business effectively going forward and feel very confident about our growth projections and expected increases in service revenues. Our profitability numbers have been very strong, and that is the result of managing the entire equation well. I believe we are doing a good job in this regard.

Great. Thanks, John.

Our next question will come from the line of Simon Flannery of Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Good morning. I wanted to focus on CapEx if I could. I think Pascal you said it would be about $1 billion lower in the second half. I just want to make sure I had that. I think previously you said $24 billion of CapEx, capital invested was $12.3 billion, I think, in the first half. So, it looks like you might come in in the $23 billion, $23.5 billion range. Is that right? And then $24 billion would be lower than that number. Just want to get those in line. And just be interesting just getting your update on where you are on the wireless network. You talked about getting to 200 million mid-band POPs. What's the plan after that? What's the plan on getting to 250 million and beyond? And maybe any update on putting 3.45 into use and how the Internet Air fixed wireless product is going? Thanks.

Hey, Simon. How are you? Good morning. Yes, as we said, we gave pretty clear guidance that we would be around the same levels as we were last year. In the first half of the year, we spent $12.3 billion to $12.4 billion. And by definition, that means we're more than halfway through a roughly $24 billion spend. So, the guidance hasn't changed. And importantly, as we think about how efficient our deployment of spectrum has been, that's been one of the things that when we came into the year, we understood that the spectrum that we had acquired was deploying and propagating much more efficiently, and that was in the estimates that we provided. We're seeing that continue in all of our plans for the year, whether it be the level of coverage or the level of homes passed in fiber, all those remain on track. So, we feel really good about the progress.

On Internet Air, Simon, look, it's performing well. It has, as you know, in our view, certain segments that are most attractive to that. I like the product in the business segment, and we're certainly having some success with that. It's going to be key for us in certain parts of our consumer segment as we move through the next phase of our cost reduction efforts, as it is a means for us to begin finding a good catch to shut down other infrastructure and still serve customers. So, we will use it surgically and selectively that will help us both on the cost side as well as retaining valuable customers where we think we can have the right kind of network capacity that will support the product going forward. We still have a little bit of scaling to do. I'm not quite satisfied with the self-install rates yet on it, but that's not problematic stuff; it's typical when we're scaling the product and putting it out there in the first line. We'll work through those things as we always do. So the foundation is there to use it the right way. I'm excited about having that tool. It's certainly going to help us in managing some of our installed base and in particular, help us kind of make the transition out of some of our legacy infrastructure that we'll need over time.

And any thoughts on 2024 in terms of POP coverage and overall CapEx levels?

We'll give you guidance on 2024 as we typically do later in the year, and we'll detail all that out. But as you can see from all the progress we've made and what's going on right now, we're really satisfied that we've got the right kind of machine to build the way we want to build, and the network is performing in a great way, and all of our indicators from our customers, they're very satisfied with the level of experience they have. So everything feels pretty good about that right now.

Yes. Simon, just to be clear, I said it in my commentary. We are past peak investment as we exit this year. And we'll give our guidance at the same time as we usually do. But clearly, we don't expect to be at the levels of capital you've seen us invest in 2022 and 2023.

Thanks a lot.

Our next question will come from the line of Phil Cusick of JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Hi. Thank you. First just a little more direct question to Simon's questions. Where are you on the deployment of 3 gigahertz spectrum for 5G across your cell sites? And then a bigger question. Can you talk about the 2Q seasonality in the fiber business? Is this more gross add or churn driven? And do you now expect positive seasonality in the third quarter? Thank you.

Phil, good morning. Through the end of the second quarter, we are at around 175 million POPs covered, well on track to deliver on the 200 million we had guided to earlier in the year.

And look, I don't think I'd characterize second quarter's seasonality per se. I think I've been pretty clear, Phil, on one, we had a significant account migration issue to both of our significant competitors rejiggered their offers in the market, which drove some shift in share. And I expect we'll probably see more normalized trends now. As you know, there's device introductions that occur in the latter part of the year that certainly drives the seasonality of the upgrade cycle. And typically in 3Q, there's always that question of exactly what month that happens in. Does it happen at the end of 3Q or does it get pushed into 4Q? And we'll all probably find out about the same time on that as to what happens in this year's cycle; that sometimes can move some numbers in 3Q and 4Q, but those are usually directly attributable to the offer that's in the market. And on a year-over-year basis that could impact things that there's a difference of what happens in 2023 versus 2024, as well as how different the devices are that are offered if that spikes a little bit of activity.

Sorry, John, I wasn't clear. I was asking about the fiber being a little bit softer in the second quarter?

Yes. So, yes, there is that seasonal movement in fiber and broadband, and I apologize for misunderstanding your question. There is probably two things driving it. One is, you probably heard from others in the industry, there is less move activity going on in general, and that has had a degree of impact. There is the seasonal dynamic that occurs in some of the outbound for college and university work as well. I expect that things are probably going to continue to be a bit softer in the market, because I don't expect that we're going to see housing movement necessarily recover. I think it's an artifact of mortgage rates and people's ability to make those discretionary moves. But look, I feel really comfortable about our ability to continue to add at the clip that we're adding right now, because we're more dependent on share take than we are on mover activity. And that's a little bit different for us than maybe others in the market that don't necessarily have the share take opportunity that we have. So I don't think you're going to see further slowing on what we've witnessed in the second quarter. And I think you will see a little bit of a seasonality uptick that's going to come with what typically happens in the third quarter, but it will be a bit muted, because I expect that there's going to be a little bit less movement activity in the housing market.

Thanks, John.

Our next question will come from the line of Michael Rollins of Citi. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good morning. Could you provide an update on your long-term vision for your fiber and broadband footprint in relation to your historic ILEC footprint? Also, how are you considering programs like ACP in shaping those long-term goals?

Michael. Good morning. So look, we've done an awful lot of work, and we have a pretty good line of sight. And I've used this characterization before, and I don't think it's a whole lot different. It will vary state by state, but there is an easy business case to be made on reinvestment in infrastructure around, call it, two-thirds of the footprint. Typically, when you get into outside plant investment, the way the cycle typically starts is as a new technology comes out or a new architecture, you see the first third as being attractive, and that kind of starts the process. As you get up the learning curve and technology scales, and prices come down, and the market matures, you end up getting to a point where the second third starts to look very attractive and you end up investing and going through. It really depends market by market. Sometimes it's the final third that becomes the question around whether there is merit for investment. Sometimes, it's the final 20%, somewhere in that range. And I think that's effectively where we're going. To your question, that's where the issue of subsidy will play out. We've been pretty specific in our analysis of looking at, I'll call it, that final third. I'm generalizing grossly. But I'll call it that final third of saying where is it that we think we would like to try to be really competitive and build that infrastructure out, because it's strategically important in positioning that other areas that we serve or we think the growth characteristics of that market will be good over time, or we have a good existing base of customers, or it's complementary to our wireless business. There are a lot of different parameters we look at, but we have a point of view on where we think we'd like to compete for that. We intend to go into the process and lean into that and try to compete. That doesn't mean we're going to win it. I expect there'll be others that look at some markets, and there'll be places where we're interested and somebody else is interested. We try to be informed in thinking about how other competitors might think about those markets, given how they line up to their footprint and where they have business interest. Hopefully, we'll be an informed bidder and will be successful, and we'll be able to put a compelling case moving forward. I feel we have a lot of tools at our disposal to be very competitive in the process. And I've talked about what those are. We have a lot that we can do in terms of our presence in communities. We've got great labor constructs. We've been working with our vendors on a lot of US and American-based content in our infrastructure and equipment. We're putting out a fantastic technology that people view as being superior and better. So I think we're going to be very competitive in the places we want to be competitive, but it remains to be seen how much of that we win. I would then go ahead and tell you that my expectation is that this process is going to unfold in 2024. Awards probably are going to be not the types of things that you're going to see impact 2024's business. We'll be in the regulatory process and bidding. I would expect when we start thinking about what we win and where we have success, you will see us incorporate those conclusions into our 2025 and beyond kind of view of the business. I'd like to get through a couple of the larger states to see how successful we are before I start to frame and characterize that for you moving forward. Is that healthy enough?

Yes, that's very helpful. And just maybe one other sub-question that, does fixed wireless play a different role than you previously described in your broadband aspirations?

No. I mean, as I previously described it, and I gave a characterization earlier that look, there will be some parts of the United States that are best served by fixed wireless, at least, I believe that they will be best served by fixed wireless. As I move around different states, I think there are some states that believe that's the case. There are some states that are looking at how to get as many people on the Internet as quickly as possible at the highest economic return. Those states that have that point of view, I think, we'll probably support fixed wireless awards. Now, I will tell you, not all 50 states necessarily have that viewpoint. In some cases, I think there are policymakers in certain states who are maybe biased more towards terrestrial infrastructure. I don't know how that plays out. My guess is they run out of money before they serve everybody based on the amount of money that's available in subsidy and what's out there, but time will tell whether they stick to their guns or maybe slightly revise their approach as they start to see bids coming in. But I do expect there'll be places where economically fixed wireless is the optimum solution to get good solid Internet out as quickly as possible that will sustain things for a period of time. I expect there'll be parts of our footprint that will be a very good catch product for us, where we don't maybe see either subsidy coming in or the business case to invest in fiber for those customers for the next couple of decades. Thirdly, as I've said before, there are segments in the business market today that have very different use characteristics than a consumer household that tends to be pretty bandwidth-intensive, doing a lot of entertainment streaming, growing consumption at 30% and 40% a year. You don't see those kinds of dynamics showing up in some of the small business and lower end of the mid-size market. Fixed wireless is a solution for those customers that can use that kind of service, especially when they need to marry it with mobile services to complement their business, is a very attractive place for us to be thinking about using the product and the infrastructure, and I like the yields on that.

Thank you.

Our next question will come from the line of David Barden of Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Thanks for taking the question. I guess it has to be me that's going to ask this question. John, and I'm sure you have a bunch of talking points in front of you. So, the lead situation. So in the last 50 or 70 years, has there been a federal, state or municipal organization that's ever flagged this issue to AT&T that put it on the radar screen in a way that maybe we all should have known about? And then second, has there ever been a material amount of claims that somehow people were harmed by the existence of this lead in your network? And then people are throwing numbers around. When you talk to the credit rating agencies, what do they think? How do you talk about this issue to them and what it means to your leverage situation? And then finally, how does this issue affect how you think about capital allocation of the dividend? Thanks.

So Dave, thanks for asking the question that I guess needed to be asked. I'm limited in how much I can say. I'll try to be somewhat responsive to share. But if you are unsatisfied with a little bit of the background I give here, I apologize, but you also have to understand we're in a unique position that we do have actual litigation pending right now on some of this out in Lake Tahoe, and that maybe puts us in a little bit different place. So, let me start at the back end, and then I'll try to tick through. I don't think it changes my point of view of how I think about the dividend. That hasn't come into characterization right now. When I go through your questions, we've had relationships with federal state regulators on all safety issues for a very long time. Lead being one of them, we work with our workplace regulators, we work with external environmental regulators. As you know, we are a big company and we do an awful lot. We work with a variety of different substances and materials that are regulated, and we have infrastructure inside our business of health and safety organizations that do this stuff professionally, and it’s been part of the DNA of our business. We have those relationships, we communicate, we share data. I think as you know, we provide health plans to an awful lot of employees, and we pay attention to whether our employees are doing well on a variety of things, and we care about whether they’re healthy, or if we're spending money fixing things, why are things broken in people's health. That's been a virtuous cycle or something that we spend a lot of time and energy on, that's just part of the DNA of our business. To answer your question, have those normal cycles and those interactions resulted in anyone coming in and saying, 'Hey, we've got issues around what you're doing with lead cables or you're not handling this correctly'? The answer is no. Have we, as part of that rigorous enforcement that goes on, had circumstances where compliance with a particular thing maybe has popped up, and we've had to go in and demonstrate compliance or do things? Of course. That's what regulators do, and that's what workplace safety people do. I think we're proud of our track record and what we've been able to do. So, I don't think there's been anything disclosed about claims, because there hasn't been anything material to disclose is what I would tell you. The way we're talking to credit agencies around this issue is exactly how we're talking to you about it. I don't think there's anything we've shared with them in context that we haven't given to them that is different from what we've shared with you right now.

Okay, John. Thank you.

Our next question will come from the line of Peter Supino of Wolfe Research. Please go ahead.

Hi. Thank you. I wanted to ask about Consumer Wireline segment margins. Thinking about the longer run, could you just update us on the timeline for legacy network shutdowns? And are there permanent differences between the long-term heading of your margins in that business and those of pure-play broadband businesses? Thanks.

Hi, Peter. We haven't given what I will call a characterization of the 'shutdown,' because I don't think you should necessarily think about the shutdown as a date certain that arrives, that date will arrive. But we think about it as kind of a rolling process. We think about it as a geography by geography or ZIP code by ZIP code process. When you think about how our cost structure is aligned to that business as you begin to modernize infrastructure and ultimately not have to support products, services, or infrastructure of older legacy generations, then costs start to fall away. We've done an awful lot of work separating out the variable and fixed cost structure in the, what I will call, semi-fixed cost structure to know what we need to do as we roll through geographies to ultimately get at the layers of fixed, semi-fixed, and variable. I don't think it's as important about saying what is the date that you're no longer offering the entire totality of products and services as much as what is the progress you're making in working through the areas where those products and services still exist. As you heard in my opening remarks, we now have catch products showing up in the market that allow us to begin accelerating that work. That work is part and parcel of some of the recommitment of $2 billion over three years that we expect we're going to be able to take out. I do believe that as we simplify, given how we allocate costs in the business and our reporting, the company and we start to shutter some of that square mileage, yes, that's going to help contribute to accretion back into the margin structure of the going-forward broadband business in our consumer markets. I believe the day that we arrive at ultimately exercising all those costs from the business, what I know about how our fiber infrastructure is performing on a standalone basis right now is all goodness. In fact, this week, I was out with our network operations team, and it was just such an uplifting day for somebody who's worked in the company as long as I have to see the cost structure that's been put in place, the customer satisfaction that's occurring, the efficiency of the technician ranks, the durability of what's going into service. I mean it's all good. And as a result of that, when you step back from this day, should we be able to operate this business once we ultimately move our way out of some of the embedded cost structure in a perfectly competitive characterization of the rest of the industry. The answer is yes, I have confidence we can get to that.

Thank you very much.

Operator, we have time for one last question.

Our last question will come from the line of Frank Louthan of Raymond James. Please go ahead.

Great. Thank you. The fiber ARPU is up pretty nicely year-over-year. Still a little bit below market. Can you give us an idea of why that is just a higher number of customers newer on promos? And where do you think that can go in the next 12 months? And of the 25 million locations you have passed with fiber, how many of those are included in this latest 15 million that you have passed? And where will that total be when that project is completed? Thank you.

I'm sorry, Frank, could you repeat the second part of that question? I didn't quite catch it.

Sorry, you mentioned that you have 25 million locations passed with fiber. I assume some of that includes the latest 15 million home initiative. Can you provide an update on your progress in reaching those 15 million locations? Additionally, what will the total count be once that project is completed?

Frank, I'm not sure what you're referring to when you say the 15 million. Just to be clear, right now, between business and consumer, we are passing around 24 million homes and with the vast majority of that, obviously, being consumers. And as John alluded to, our plans haven't changed. We feel really good about the pace at which we're building. And when we build, we feel really good about the take rates that we're seeing. So all in all, these things are pursuing according to our plan.

On the ARPU side, Frank, we've historically been a bit under the industry. Part of it is the maturity of our base of customers. We have, what I would call, tenure-wise a little bit less established base than maybe the incumbent players. So if you're a customer for a longer period of time, you move up a continuum that obviously helps the ARPU. But some of it is deliberate. We're, I think, priced in the market in a way, as you are probably aware, we're trying to do everyday simple pricing where we don't use promotions. We tend to get a little bit more at the front end as a result of that, and maybe a little bit less at the back end on the average side. The fact that we're penetrating at a competitive price point is, I think, helpful in getting that faster penetration at the front end quicker, which is a driver of return in the overall investment. We're doing a lot of work where we're trying to consolidate products and services and doubling up households on both wireless and fixed broadband, and those are really attractive households to get. They're really attractive customers to get. I think when we have a high-quality product, we don't have to discount a lot, but we want an offer between both the wireless and broadband product to make sure we're at a price point that we think holds that household. That strategy has been working. I think it plays into some pricing strategy as a result of that, but you're really highlighting a point that is why we have so much confidence in this business. We continue to have an umbrella to work under and that's a good thing, and it allows us to make sure we can continue to grow ARPUs and grow with those customers. As I said earlier, when you run a subscription business, you manage those things and you use them very carefully, and we'll continue to use it as we move forward.

Thanks very much, Frank. Operator, that's all the time we have for questions.

And ladies and gentlemen, we'd like to thank you for your participation in today and today's teleconference call. We'd like to thank you for using our service and have a wonderful day. You may now disconnect.