Welcome to the Codexis' First Quarter 2024 Earnings Call. Please note this event is being recorded. And now I'll turn the call over to Carrie McKim, Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you, operator. With me today are Dr. Stephen Dilly, Codexis' President and Chief Executive Officer; Kevin Norrett, Chief Operating Officer; Sri Ryali, Chief Financial Officer; and Stefan Lutz, SVP of Research. During this call, management will be making a number of forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including our guidance for 2024 revenue; product revenues, and gross margin on product revenues; anticipated milestones, including product launches, technical milestones, and public announcements related thereto; as well as our strategies and prospects for revenue growth and successful execution of current and future programs and partnerships. To the extent that statements contained in this call are not descriptions of historical facts regarding Codexis, they are forward-looking statements reflecting the beliefs and expectations of management as of the statement date, May 2nd, 2024. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that are, in some cases, beyond Codexis control and that could materially affect actual results. Additional information about factors that could materially affect actual results can be found in Codexis filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Codexis expressly disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements as required by law. And now I'll turn the call over to Stephen.

Thanks, Carrie, and thanks everyone for joining. We started 2024 really well. In addition to a strong financial start to the year, we're also making exciting technical progress with our ECO Synthesis manufacturing platform. During our call in February, we projected at least 10% year-on-year growth in product revenue in 2024. Everything is shaping up nicely in line with our expectations. As in past years, we expect some of our projected revenue to be a bit lumpy across quarters, but we're confident in reiterating our full year 2024 guidance. Now, just two years ago, customers came to us saying that if we could enzymatically synthesize full-length RNA oligos, they'd be interested. We're now very close to meeting that objective and are in the final stages of completing the enzymatic synthesis of full-length oligonucleotides by the TIDES USA meeting in a couple of weeks' time. We believe this will be a scientific first. After we achieve this historic milestone, we can then go back to those customers and also make them enzymatically synthesized versions of their proprietary molecules as research-grade, which they can in turn test and compare to conventionally synthesized materials. Throughout developing our ECO Synthesis technology and engaging with these potential customers, we've learned that optimal process conditions vary quite significantly depending on the construct being built. That's why we've positioned ourselves with a versatile set of capabilities that can be adapted to best suit each molecule. Starting with our ligation program, we can use a double-stranded RNA ligase to stitch separate R&D fragments together into full length constructs. We're confident that ligation is a crucial component of this market and we've seen increasing interest from customers who want to explore this approach. In fact, in Q1, we secured a low to mid-single-digit million dollar order for an engineered double-stranded RNA ligase with a large pharma company, with potential for more orders in 2025. We're also looking forward to further commercial interest once we launch our double-stranded RNA ligase screening services at TIDES USA, which Stefan and Kevin will cover shortly. In addition to setting us up for significant downstream revenues, our double-stranded RNA ligase program encourages customers to introduce an enzymatic step into their existing manufacturing process and positions us to engage with those who want to explore full sequential synthesis. From there, we have optionality on how to generate the most value, including the potential to move in-house full scale of sRNA production when the time is right. Our plans for the ECO Synthesis Innovation Lab will play a vital role in this process for two reasons. One, it provides a facility where we can perform ligation on behalf of customers; and two, it gives us a venue to define and optimize the manufacturing process for each customer before scale-up. That's critical because ahead of transferring a process to a partner, we need to make sure it works seamlessly, is efficient, and is entirely scalable. The Innovation Lab will ensure that our technology gets baked into early-stage programs that have potential to generate meaningful revenue down the line. Our timeline for that facility remains on track and we expect to have it largely built out by the end of this year. We're also really pleased with progress towards the enzymatic synthesis of costly input materials like NQPs and the enzymatic placement of targeting moieties. By addressing these additional elements of the manufacturing process, we can deliver an even more valuable product and significantly increase our own potential revenue capture in the process. Underpinning this progress is our CodeEvolver directed evolution platform, which marries rich datasets and iterative learning with experts who have decades of experience tackling increasingly complex engineering projects. But to get this competitive advantage is Artificial Intelligence combined with great data and human intelligence. With that, I'd like to pass the call over to Stefan Lutz, Senior Vice President Research to describe some very exciting technical progress. Stefan?

Thank you, Stephen. I'll begin by previewing our presentation at the upcoming TIDES USA Meeting and then highlight some of our additional ambitious projects related to the ECO Synthesis manufacturing platform. Starting on Slide 3, we are very much looking forward to attending TIDES USA later this month. As Stephen alluded to already, we are very close to achieving the sequential enzymatic synthesis of at least one full-length oligonucleotide with therapeutic relevance. We will also share an update on the continuous improvements of platform performance. We had a combination of enzyme and process engineering, as reflected in the impurity profile of our oligonucleotides. These efforts have resulted in significant improvements in product quality. And in just two years, we are today delivering coupling efficiencies on par with phosphoramidite chemistry despite its 40-year head start. Finally, it is important to emphasize that our ECO Synthesis Manufacturing Platform incorporates the different nucleotide modifications most frequently found in approved siRNA therapeutics today from starter oligonucleotides all the way to full-length products. We are thrilled with our progress and are on track to accomplishing this historic achievement, which is a direct result of an incredible enzyme engineering capability that we have cultivated through decades of experience. In addition to demonstrating the viability of our platform, this key milestone will enable us to show potential customers that we are well within the range of synthesizing the same as our siRNA therapeutics that they're actively developing. When achieved, the sequential synthesis of a full-length siRNA molecule would certainly represent an important threshold for Codexis, particularly given the breakneck pace of our technical progress to date. However, enzymatic synthesis of siRNA is just one facet of the valuable and exciting work that we're doing as we are advancing our ECO Synthesis Technology. There is a vast white space that we can continue to innovate, and our work is far from over. Moving to slide number 4, we have previously spoken at length about our efforts to engineer the core suite of enzymes that make up our ECO Synthesis Technology or Manufacturing Platform, including our engineered polymer arrays derived from TdT enzyme. That core technology is the engine that powers our broader effort across RNA synthesis and so far where the lion's share of our effort has been focused. However, as Stephen mentioned, we're taking things to the next level by addressing challenges associated with the enzymatic synthesis of input materials like NQPs and starter oligos, as well as working on ensuring the seamless incorporation of targeting moieties. By establishing innovative new enzymatic solutions for inputs like adding NQPs, we could dramatically reduce associated costs and yield more product of higher quality for the same amount of starting material. In short, these efforts have the potential to lead to better, cheaper products. Similar to the focus on NQP, we're also aware of the important role played by targeting moieties in this class of therapeutics, by enabling the effective shuttling of oligonucleotides to specific locations and organs within the body, this innovation improves the potency and efficacy of siRNA assets. We have made real progress towards the enzymatic incorporation of targeting moieties in each of the positions of interest to our customers, whether it is on the 5 prime end to 3 prime end or anywhere in between. Before I pass things over to Kevin, I'd like to briefly share my perspective on the importance of our double-stranded RNA ligase program. Our ability to offer customized high-performance double-stranded RNA ligases fully leverages our prior enzyme engineering experience. Our collection of thousands of ligase variants and corresponding activity data allows for efficient library screening for lead enzymes. Fine-tuning via enzyme and process engineering and finally scale-up production for customers. Because we are starting with a rich database and specialized know-how, we can streamline the process and maximize our ability to respond quickly. As Stephen mentioned, the concept lies at the core of our competitive advantage. Ultimately, we believe in our ability to deliver a modular approach that gives customers flexible design options to support the manufacturing of their siRNA therapeutic assets. Given the resources and capacity constraints of traditional chemical synthesis, we are confident that the versatility of our technology will provide fundamental value to players in the space. And thinking ahead, it's not lost on us that the valuable intermediates we are developing today could be applied to other processes and growing modalities in the RNA space. Now, I'll hand the call over to Kevin to speak to the commercial side of the business. Kevin?

Thanks, Stefan. As Stephen previously highlighted, we have started the year with a strong set of Q1 results, and we have made tremendous technical progress since achieving grand scale this past December at the TIDES USA meeting. In May, Stefan and his team plan to present a technical update on the ECO Synthesis manufacturing platform and we are on track to demonstrate the enzymatic synthesis of a full-length RNA molecule by then. When achieved, this milestone positions us to offer a variety of ways to demonstrate our informatics solutions for RNA sensors to customers. First, let me expand on our double-stranded RNA ligase program on Slide 5. As I've mentioned in the past, the double-stranded RNA ligase program is our bridge for customers to incorporate enzymes into their RNAi therapeutics manufacturing. But it's more than just that; our increase in inbound customer interest has made it clear that drug innovators are already exploring the possibility of migrating short strands of siRNA to immediately decrease manufacturing costs as they scale through clinical trials and to overcome challenges in synthesizing longer and more complex RNAi constructs. The signing of our first large pharma customer order for their customized double-stranded RNA ligase in the low to mid-single-digit million dollars is good evidence of this market expansion. In addition, we have a second customized program in development, which we hope to convert to a future product order either later this year or early next year. Finally, we have several other customers testing other double-stranded RNA ligase variants as part of our early access program launched earlier this year. Just like we saw in pharma manufacturing, we were not surprised to see early adopters of a ligation-based approach being large companies because they can afford to test and assess new technologies in parallel to traditional chemistry. We are excited to see this playing out with this opportunity and look forward to growing our programs over the next year. To capitalize on this momentum, we are launching our double-stranded RNA ligase screening service at TIDES USA. This service will simplify the screening process for our customers and potentially lead to additional customized programs. We anticipate that this program will also increase the odds of our technology being used in the scale-up of many promising assets already in clinical development. Later this year, we plan to also launch our ecoRNA ligase kit variants, which can be sent to customers for testing in their own hands. Finally, we plan to offer in-house RNA ligation capabilities through our ECO Innovation Lab, where customers can send us their constructs and we can do the ligation for them. This is super exciting as it is our first step towards becoming a full-service provider of siRNA for testing and preclinical studies. While these offerings won't be significant revenue drivers in 2024, they allow us to secure potential customers into our enzymatic approach and are expected to translate into future product revenues. Shifting to our full ecosystem manufacturing platform and our ECO Innovation Lab on slide 6, let me reiterate a few key points. We continue to garner significant inbound interest from key RNA synthesis players and we are already in dialogue with those you'd expect: many drug innovators and CDMOs have also made site visits where we can show and tell our capabilities. With the continued build-out of our ECO Innovation Lab, we will be able to offer customers a path to the production of GLP-grade material. First, we will be able to offer ligation for their chemically derived short mergers. In the future, we plan to offer a semi and enzymatic method, which will include the TdT polymerase and other core ECO Synthesis enzymes. Finally, we plan to offer a completely enzymatic process with enzymatically synthesized raw materials. The more development projects get off the ground this year and next, the more we learn to be able to address the different process conditions required for each customer's RNA construct. By producing the material for preclinical testing, we plan to outline the tech transfer process for large scale GMP manufacturing with the downstream CDMO partner. The ECO Synthesis Innovation Lab also supports our plans to scale for GMP, either through CDMO partners or our own manufacturing facilities. Finally, moving to slide 7, I am super excited that we delivered a great quarter with double-digit growth in product revenues. However, as I mentioned in our end-of-year results call, our product revenues remain concentrated in a handful of large pharma customers across four commercial enzymes. Therefore, we remain focused on expanding our customer base and filling our pipeline to sustain future annual double-digit product revenue growth throughout the decade. We have made significant progress with getting several new screening programs off the ground this year across mid-sized pharma and large biotechs and we expect these programs to translate into R&D revenues later this year. With that, I'll turn the call over to Sri to discuss our financial results.

Thanks, Kevin, and good afternoon, everyone. Moving to slide 8, we delivered strong first-quarter 2024 results. Our full financial results were issued in a press release earlier this afternoon, which is available on our Investor Relations website. But I'd like to call out a few highlights here. Total revenues were $17.1 million for the first quarter of 2024 compared to $13 million from the prior year, an increase of 32% year-over-year. Product revenues were up 14% to $9.6 million for the first quarter compared to $8.4 million in the prior year. Turning to R&D revenues, we reported $7.5 million in Q1 compared to $4.6 million last year. In Q1, we recognized $6 million, the full amount related to the license agreement with Roche for the double-stranded DNA ligase contributing to the strong quarter. Product gross margin improved to 49% this quarter, compared to 46% in the first quarter of 2023. Turning to expenses, R&D expenses for the first quarter of 2024 were $11.2 million compared to $16.7 million last year. SG&A expenses were $12.9 million compared to $15.4 million in the first quarter of 2023. You can see the continued benefit from the actions we announced last year on our expense base, with R&D and SG&A expenses down approximately 32% and 16% respectively compared to Q1 2023. Taking a look at expenses compared to Q4 2023, which was our first full quarter after the reduction in force and consolidation of facilities, you can see we have maintained a similar run rate across R&D and SG&A. The slight increase in Q1 2024 expenses was primarily driven by non-cash stock-based compensation. It is also worth noting that we expect to see a slight uptick in R&D expenses as we ramp up operating costs related to the ECO Synthesis Innovation Lab later this year. Maintaining tight control over cash and continued expense discipline remains a key focus. Before shifting to our guidance, I want to share a closer look at our 2024 revenue dynamics. On Slide 9, the graph on the left-hand side shows the distribution of our first-quarter product revenue by major category for both Q1 2023 and Q1 2024. In Q1 2024, of the $9.6 million we reported in product revenue, roughly 37% came from the big three commercial pharma manufacturing products that we have previously highlighted. You can see that is down significantly from roughly 72% in Q1 2023, reflecting the progress we've made toward diversifying our revenue base. Approximately 5% of Q1 2024 product revenue was from enzyme supply and other commercially approved products and 19% was for generics. Outside these three categories, 34% are programs that we currently supply in clinical trials, which include the name programs, some of which are likely to convert to commercial products and drive future revenues as we transition to the big six or big seven in our pharmaceutical manufacturing business. Finally, roughly 5% of Q1 revenue was from life sciences and other programs. Turning to guidance, we are confident in reiterating our 2024 revenue and gross margin guidance ranges. To help with modeling, we also wanted to provide additional detail on what we expect the rest of the year to look like in terms of revenue distribution. Starting with product revenue, as highlighted during our results call in February and in line with the lumpy nature of customer orders, we continue to expect that Q2 will be our lowest quarter of the year and down as compared to Q2 2023. Based on the visibility we have today, we expect Q2 product revenue to be roughly 60% to 70% of the product revenue we reported in Q1, followed by a strong second half of the year. It is also important to note that we expect to recognize the large customized double-stranded RNA ligase pharma order that Stephen and Kevin mentioned as product revenue by the end of the year. Now, looking at R&D revenue on Slide 10. First, I'll note that Q1 2023 included approximately $3.5 million in revenues related to our biotherapeutics programs, which we previously announced that we discontinued. This quarter, due to the recognition of the $6 million related to the double-stranded DNA ligase agreement with Roche, we expect Q1 2024 to be our highest R&D revenue quarter of the year. Building off Kevin's commentary on our maturing pharmaceutical manufacturing pipeline, we anticipate the R&D revenues will be weighted toward the back half of the year as new development programs get off the ground. With that in mind, we expect Q2 R&D revenue to be roughly in line with our Q1 2024 base business, which was $1.5 million. Broadly speaking, and excluding revenue accounting related to tax loaded, we project that our full-year revenue will be weighted roughly 40% for the first half of the year and 60% for the second half of the year. Moving to Slide 11, we ended the quarter in a strong position with cash and cash equivalents and investments of $85 million, which we continue to expect will fund our planned operations through positive cash flow, anticipated around the end of 2026. And now I will turn the call back to Stephen.

Thanks, Sri, and thank you to Stefan and Kevin for the encouraging updates across the different facets of our business. As you've just heard, we delivered a strong first quarter and we've made great technical progress on the ECO manufacturing platform. We are really looking forward to going into more detail at the TIDES meeting in a couple of weeks in Boston. Now, we'd be happy to take your questions. Operator?

Our first question comes from the line of Matt Stanton with Jefferies.

Just maybe a quick one to start. Can you just talk about any hurdles or the final pieces between now and TIDES, which is only a few weeks away, to fully synthesize or to synthesize the full-length oligo? You noted it's very close, but I guess just what's left between now and TIDES here in a few weeks?

Yes, happy to take that question. We'd like to share with the audience at TIDES information not just to the successful completion of the synthesis but also some analytical details and purity profiles associated with this. To complete all these experiments just takes extra time.

Okay, great. And then you talked about how you continue to see progress filling the pipeline on the product side for sustainable future growth. Can you just talk a bit more about what type of programs you are filling the pipeline with? And then I think you also noted encouraging engagement with mid to large size pharma that's new. So I guess just nature of those conversations and types of engagements with those folks?

Sure. So, over the last year, we've been talking about a focus on not just the top 10 pharma, but the next level down. We've been focused on expanding our educational efforts with the customers there in terms of getting screening programs off the ground with our existing variants. Those have led to probably 4 to 5 new programs with large biotechs and mid-sized pharma that we expect to translate into scale-up programs towards the end of this year. But as you know, with the pharma manufacturing business, which is what I was referring to in that regard, those take time to develop as the clinical asset has to go through the clinical development stages of Phase 1, 2, and 3. So if we don't fill the pipeline now, we're not going to be able to sustain that double-digit annual growth past 2026, where we already see the pipeline of name programs driving most of those revenues in the near term.

And maybe just one last one on the pharma order for the double-stranded RNA ligase. Can you talk a bit more about the process there from kind of early access, getting it in their hands, and then to inking the deal? Just curious how it played out relative to context as we think of some of the other early access customers that are looking at that today?

Sure. So that program in particular came from one of our existing customized programs that has been in the works for the last several years, but that's not a good example of what we expect to happen going forward in terms of reaching that level of sale because now with the launch of our double-stranded ligase screening services, our eco RNA ligase kit, we're looking at a push in terms of customers being able to scale up variants in a much faster range because ligation is a growing modality within the marketplace. In fact, what we've learned from our customers in the last couple of months of getting these variants in early access customers' hands is that many of them are looking at programs that are in later stage development, where their scale-up challenges existed with phosphoramidite chemistry and they need a ligation approach. That's something unique and why we think we'll be able to scale up much faster than taking a couple of years to get a customized program through the funnel to get to a large order.

But Matt, I think it is worth sharing that this customer had been using another ligation enzyme and tried ours, found it significantly better, and so decided it was worth making the switch. So that is a reason to be very optimistic.

Our next question comes from the line of Dan Arias with Stifel.

This is actually Evan on for Dan. The first one is just really a quick and kind of just a getting my numbers right. I think the guide had talked about $7 million coming from Roche and Aldebaran for the year. You booked $6 million this quarter. Is that just so $1 million more from Aldebaran this year or is there any change there?

So this quarter will also include a part of the Aldebaran order. So the rest of the year milestone revenue is pretty small. We expect the R&D revenue for the rest of the year for our guidance to come from our R&D services business.

Okay. So no change there, though, on the $7 million?

Correct. For the full year, that's still correct.

Yes. Okay. And then I guess, similarly, like looking back when you gave the guide for the year last call, had you been contemplating this ligase order from your customer? And then in terms of I think you talked about maybe another customer that's looking at the double-stranded ligase with potential for an order later this year. I mean, how does the funnel look beyond that, and what's the potential for additional customers?

Yes, sir, this is Kevin. The funnel for additional customers is really based upon getting the early access program off the ground in the first half of this year, which I said was somewhere in the range of 4 to 5 key additional customers on top of those programs that we already have in place. But we're looking to expand that funnel dramatically in the next six months, which if you think back to what we had talked about last year, really second half of this year was our big push for the ligase program in terms of filling that with new screening programs and hence why we're making such a big splash around this at TIDES next month. The other part of that question was, remind me?

It was kind of a similar question. My first one is, was this some big order a single - low single digit to mid-single digit revenue, was that contemplated in your initial guidance or is that incremental?

Yes, so our guidance of $42 million that we're reiterating did include a range of different scenarios. And yes, there are a number of orders and puts and takes in there. So it's hard to call one particular one out, but we're confident reiterating that range of $38 million to $42 million for the year.

Okay. Can you provide more details on the RNA ligase order? Is the customer currently using it? What stage is the asset in? It seems like a fairly large order, and you've mentioned that your goal is to focus on later-stage assets to enable quicker scaling. Could you elaborate on that and share how this fits into your overall funnel?

Yes, that's a really good question. And there's some really important insights here. So I'll say this carefully. What we have learned over the last few months of engagement with customers is quite often. They make the step from pure phosphoramidite-type chemistry to a hybrid approach using ligation as they scale. Typically, they do that between Phase 2 and Phase 3. This is amazingly good news for us because it enables us to get on board with assets that are close to the market, right? And that's exactly what's happening. In this case, it's the scaling from Phase 2 to Phase 3 hence the size of the order, hence the looking forward to saying what they're going to need to prep for launch and all the rest of it. That will be the flow of orders in 2025 and beyond. So it really does give us a much more rapid path to getting a piece of value out of assets that are close to commercialization or even being commercialized.

Our next question comes from the line of Matt Hewitt with Craig-Hallum.

Congratulations on the progress. Maybe first up regarding the new ligase screening service. I guess a couple of questions. First, is it going to require you to add some more people to run those services? Or can you do with the people already onboard? And then as you look at that, obviously launching it later this year may be minimal contribution to the top-line, but how should we be thinking about that service ramping maybe over the mid-term, I don't know, 2 to 4 years?

Okay. So I'll answer the one about the ramp and then Kevin can talk about how we can provide the manpower. So the screening service is purely a way of looking at customers. And the idea is we can provide them out of the gate with enzymes that are way better than the wild-type enzymes they can get elsewhere. Then if those are good enough, they then get included in their process and we start charging for this when they start ordering quantities of ligation enzyme. There's also a world in which they're trying to do a particularly difficult ligation or they want to work at a very big scale, where they actually want us to go through some steps of optimization. That's where the many thousands of different variants come into play which we may be able to pull one off the shelf, or we may want to do a bit of rapid evolution for them exactly as we've done in the past in pharma manufacturing. The idea is that this is a way of making it very easy for them to include our enzyme in their process as they start to scale the product production. We expect the timeline from first interaction to commercial level production and supply from us to be much shorter in the siRNA space because they are adopting later in the development process. And Kevin, it's a pretty efficient play for us.

It's what we've been doing for the past five or six years with various other life science enzymes as well as our pharma manufacturing business. So really no new addition in terms of headcount, because we already have these capabilities. The only thing is, we're starting to centralize more of these capabilities in our ECO Innovation Lab. But that's all under the existing footprint.

Got it. And then shifting gears a little bit, as far as the second double-stranded opportunity in the pipeline there that's in development, is it your expectation that will be similar in size from a revenue contribution to the one announced here with this quarter?

And the reason I'm hesitating is, what’s interesting about that program is, the other thing that, as Stephen was saying, is a little bit different in terms of the scaling from Phase 2 to Phase 3 with ligation-type programs, is people are building this as a platform to apply to other assets. So the exciting part here is, the second program that we have here is really being evaluated not just for a particular asset, but for a platform. So in theory, it could be much bigger in terms of size, but it will vary as we get through some of the technical comparisons with this variant they have right now, this year.

That's super exciting. And then maybe one last one. I apologize if I missed this, but on the sale of the Maple Syrup Urine Disease and homocystinuria opportunity size-wise that a couple of million dollars or how much does that add to the balance sheet?

That's all back-ended deal. Matt, all the economics on that come from future milestones and royalties, but certainly very early-stage assets.

Our next question comes from the line of Jacqueline Kisa with TD Cowen.

This is Jacqueline Kisa on call for Steven Mah. A lot of ground has been covered already, but I just wanted to ask if you could provide any updates on any other opportunities for your other life science enzymes you may be working on in addition to the dsDNA and dsRNA ligases.

As we've mentioned in the past, we're still looking at some potential out-licensing opportunities with the remaining life science enzymes we have in the portfolio. We're pretty far along with those conversations, but we wouldn't be carrying those on a go-forward basis. For us, from an enzyme supply agreement, and we should have that wrapped up this quarter.

Excellent. And then just I'm sorry if I missed this earlier, but could you provide a bit more color on the progress of your pharma manufacturing customers? I believe you mentioned earlier you're aiming to reach around 67 customers at some point and you already have three customers; how is that progressing? And how should we look forward to that moving through 2024?

At our February call, we talked about the pharma manufacturing funnel, so to speak. And we are currently supplying enzymes for about 12 named programs that are in Phase 2 and Phase 3, and we supply enzymes for that 16 commercial drugs, and that includes those big three programs that we talked about. So the progress that we're seeing this year, as reflected in Q1, is the concentration of our pharma manufacturing product sales has come down from last year, which was about 72% for those big three programs. This year it's roughly 37%. As the main programs continue to move forward into clinical trials and additional R&D programs, we expect the big three to progress to big six or seven by the end of the decade and then sustain the double-digit growth that we've talked about in the past as well.

I'm showing that there are no further questions. I'd like to turn the call back over to Stephen Dilly for closing remarks.

Thanks so much. Thanks again for joining us today. We're looking forward to obviously sharing more details on the technical progress at the TIDES USA meeting in Boston in a few weeks, followed by our participation in a series of investor conferences over the coming months. We'll see many of you at those events, and we hope you'll stay tuned for the exciting year ahead. Thank you.

This concludes today's call. You may now disconnect.