Hello, and welcome to First Energy Corp's First Quarter 2026 Earnings Call. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It's now my pleasure to turn the call over to Karen Saget, Vice President of Investor Please go ahead, Karen.

Good morning, everyone, and welcome to First Energy's First Quarter 2026 Earnings Review. Our earnings release, presentation, and related financial information are available on our website at firstenergycorp.com. Today's discussion will include the use of non-GAAP financial measures and forward-looking statements which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Factors discussed in our earnings news release during today's conference call and in our SEC filings could cause our actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. The appendix of today's presentation includes supplemental information along with the reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures. Please read our cautionary statement and discussion of non-GAAP financial measures on Slides 2 and 3 of the presentation. Our Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, Brian Tierney will lead our call today, and he will be joined by John Taylor, our Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Now it's my pleasure to turn the call over to Brian.

Thank you, Karen. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us today. We are off to a solid start this year with first quarter core earnings 7.5 percent above last year, reflecting our customer-focused investment plan and strong financial discipline. We are on track for a successful year with expected results in line with our 2026 earnings guidance range of $2.62 to $2.82 per share, and our long-term outlook remains strong. The team executed extremely well in the first quarter despite numerous storms that rolled through our service territory our employees demonstrated a strong commitment to our customers by their performance safely restoring power what i observed during the first three months of this year further strengthens my commitment to our strategic direction we are investing in our electric system to improve reliability resiliency and the customer experience listening and responding to our communities and investing in our people to be safe, well-trained, and productive. By doing these things, we improve the well-being of our customers, our communities, and our teammates, and provide a strong value proposition to investors. Over the last three years, we have fundamentally transformed First Energy. We sharpened our strategic focus and strengthened our alignment around our core values. I am pleased to share with you that we have recently completed a couple of key hires, further strengthening our leadership team. I am pleased to announce Chris Beam as our new President of West Virginia and Maryland. Chris replaces Jim Myers, who retired after 40 years of remarkable service. I am also pleased to announce that Dan Puskus has agreed to serve as our Chief Information Officer, after serving on an interim basis for the last six months. Both Chris and Dan bring deep technical, industry, and leadership experience to the executive At the core of our strategy is improving the service we provide to customers. Each of our business units are working with customers, elected officials, and regulators to prioritize investments for local needs. Collaboration with our key stakeholders drives alignment and better outcomes for customers and better results for our company. You see this in action across our footprint and is a key reason why we are positioned for long-term success. Our investment plans focus on fundamentals, addressing aging infrastructure, reducing operational risk, and building more capacity to serve growing customer demand. For instance, in Pennsylvania, we are accelerating investments under the Long-Term Infrastructure Improvement Plan that we expect will significantly improve reliability, particularly across the rural portions of our service territory. In West Virginia, we see a compelling opportunity to support economic development with new generation, which is strongly aligned with the state's energy goals. and our transmission investment plan remains a key focus given the location and critical nature of our system in PJM. Across the company, our business units are executing against tailored investment plans and regulatory strategies that are focused on improving the customer experience. Affordability remains central to how we lead the company. On average, our rates are 20% below our in-state peers, with the T&D component of our bill being 35 percent below those peer companies. We are proactively having constructive conversations with elected officials and regulators in each of our states to look for ways to address questions around affordability for our customers. The main driver behind the affordability conversation today is a demand and supply imbalance from a capacity market construct that is not attracting any significant incremental generation. Our conversations with key stakeholders are about how we get more dispatchable generation at a fair price while still protecting our existing customers. We believe that PJM's proposed reliability backstrap procurement auction could be a step in the right direction, although there is a significant amount of detail needed to ensure the right amount of dispatchable generation is procured at affordable rates. additionally we still have the capacity auction cap in place for the next two auctions through 2030 these were initially negotiated by governor shapiro on behalf of all pjm customers we are also discussing what we can control through operational efficiencies alternative distribution rate designs and innovative solutions on other costs on the customer spill since 2022 we have reduced our base O&M by more than $200 million or 15 percent and we are continuing to look for ways to work smarter and more efficiently we are also exploring other ways to protect our customers for instance in Pennsylvania we recently filed an innovative proposal to reform our default service program protecting customers from higher supply rates on variable price contracts had this mechanism been in place in 2025 customers would have saved 80 million dollars we want to protect them from paying higher prices in the future customer affordability continues to be a significant part of our regulatory strategy and we are proactively working with stakeholders to balance affordability and the critical investments required to ensure a safe and reliable electric system. Looking ahead, the rapidly evolving energy landscape will continue to require new transmission and generation investments that are above our current plan. Substantial investments in our transmission system are needed to ensure we proactively address aging equipment before it fails. We believe that new transmission capacity is a critical component to energy dominance and economic development. We continue to see ongoing opportunities with regional transmission planning investments through the PJM open window process our scale planning expertise and strategic location position us well for these types of opportunities over the last four years we have been awarded more than five billion dollars in competitive projects and we expect more opportunity in future solicitations turning According to generation, in West Virginia, in addition to the recently filed CPCN for our 1.2 gigawatt natural gas facility, our data center demand in the state continues to grow with approximately 1.8 gigawatts of highly credible projects, an increase of 50% since February. Beyond that, we are having constructive dialogue with prospective customers representing over 6 gigawatts of load in West Virginia. This data center growth would support incremental generation and economic development, which is strongly aligned with Governor Morrissey's 50 gigawatts by 2050 initiative and a significant priority for First Energy. We are prepared to move forward with incremental generation projects as additional large loads enter our pipeline and become contracted, subject to regulatory approval. our data center interest continues to grow beyond just west virginia approximately four gigawatts of our total pipeline is in final contract negotiations and are expected to become contracted with a construction agreement within this quarter nearly doubling our contracted demand this is an exciting time for our industry and our company we are confident in our customer focused strategy, and our operating model that aligns with key stakeholders and local needs. Our focus is to drive great outcomes for our customers, communities, and teammates, which will result in a strong value proposition for investors. Now, I'll turn the call over to John to discuss our financial results and regulatory updates.

Thanks, Brian, and good morning, everyone. Yesterday, we reported first quarter gap earnings of $0.70 a share against $0.62 a share in the first quarter of 2025. Core earnings were $0.72 a share, increasing 7.5% from $0.67 a share in Q1 of last year, with each of our regulated businesses reporting increases year over year. You can find more details on our results, including reconciliations for core earnings in the strategic and financial highlights document we posted to our IR website yesterday afternoon. Earnings growth largely reflects execution against our regulated investment strategy with 75% of our capital program under a formula rate. In the quarter, transmission rate base increased to 13%, including a 19% increase at our integrated businesses and an 11% increase from our standalone transmission segment. Additionally, continuous improvement and innovation continue to be a focus of the management team, with our base O&M down close to 5% in the quarter. Automation, increasing the speed of enhanced data transparency for better and more timely decision making, and technology enhancements are pillars to our cost management program. These innovative solutions are making us more efficient and provide better insight into information so we can make the best cost-effective decision for our customers. In fact, in each of our base rate filings planned for this year, our comparable base O&M is lower than what was approved in the last rate case, demonstrating our commitment to continuous improvement and innovation, allowing us to minimize rate impacts to customers. Our overall financial performance resulted in a consolidated return on equity of 9.8% on a trailing 12-month basis and continues to be in line with our targeted returns. Our investment program continues to be on track with $1.4 billion of customer-focused investments in the quarter, representing a 33% increase compared to the first quarter of 2025, with nearly all of the increase in formula rate investment programs that are focused on improving the reliability and resiliency of the electric grid. Overall, we are very pleased with our performance and confident in the path ahead. In late March, Moody's raised its outlook on First Energy's senior unsecured rating to positive, resulting from our improved credit profile, as well as our low-risk, rate-regulated T&D operations. Also in March, we successfully completed an $850 million debt offering for First Energy Pennsylvania, with an average coupon of 4.4%. We were pleased with the strong interest in this deal, as it was more than five times oversubscribed. We also successfully completed planned debt offerings for two of our transmission companies, MATE and ATSI, with issuances of $250 million and $175 million, respectively. For the rest of the year, our financing plan includes $1.7 billion in subsidiary debt offerings and a modest amount of common equity. As we discussed previously, our current five-year plan includes up to $2 billion of equity or equity-like securities, including $100 million annually from our long-term employee benefit programs, with expected annual common equity issuances at approximately 1% of current market capitalization. Turning to regulatory updates, in West Virginia, hearings for our proposed 1.2 gigawatt combined cycle gas generating facility are scheduled for mid-July. We're pleased with the timeline for this proceeding and anticipate approval for the project in the second half of the year. We are simultaneously working through contracts for major equipment, EPC, and gas supply with all of this work on track. Upon regulatory approval, we expect to be in a position to execute these agreements and we'll update our financial plan reflecting this investment. Also in West Virginia, we plan to file our base rate case in May, reflecting a $1 billion increase in rate base since our last case in 2023. Based on our filing schedule, we expect new rates effective in the first quarter of 2027 in ohio on april 22nd we made the pre-filing notices for our three-year rate plan which will be formally filed next month since our last rate case filing in 2024 we have invested more than 1.3 billion dollars in ohio's distribution system as part of our filing we are proposing to increase our investments by nearly 15 percent to approximately $800 million annually to focus on improving reliability for our customers. Proposed customer bill impacts are less than 3% each year, and we expect new rates to go into effect mid-2027. In Pennsylvania, as of April, our approved infrastructure investment program is now being recovered through the distribution system improvement charge, which supports recovery of nearly 50% of First Energy Pennsylvania's capital investment program. This capital program and related surcharge are important tools to ensure we meet our customer commitments from our last base rate case in 2024. And finally, PGM recently opened the planning window for 2026. We anticipate the open window will address needs in a few areas, including portions of our system. The PGM board is expected to approve projects in the first quarter of next year. We are off to a strong start this year. our capital investments supported by our constructive regulatory frameworks and strong financial discipline are improving the customer experience and will continue to provide solid regulated returns to our investors. We are reaffirming this year's capital investment plan of $6 billion and our core earnings guidance range of $2.62 a share to $2.82 a share, with most of the remaining earnings growth compared to 2025 materializing in the second half of the year we're also reaffirming our long-term core earnings cager of six to eight percent through 2030 and targeting near the top end of that range with growth based off our 2026 guidance midpoint of two dollars and 72 cents a share we're confident in our outlook for this year and beyond and we're looking forward to the incremental opportunities ahead now i'll open the call to your Q&A.

Thank you. If you'd like to ask a question, please press star 1 on your telephone keypad. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. You may press star 2 if you'd like to remove your question from the queue. For participants using speaker equipment, it may be necessary to pick up your handset before pressing the star key. We ask that you each keep to one question and one follow-up. Thank you.

Our first question comes from the line of Shar Perez with Wells Fargo please proceed with your question hey guys good morning morning sure morning by and obviously lots of upside there on data centers around your systems the messaging is getting more and more constructive there but maybe just focusing on comments centered on West Virginia you highlight six gigawatts of load their incremental generation that's needed could we just get a sense on the timing of the spend your turbine queue status for the incremental generation and maybe just how that should affect or impact the profile of the CAGR since you're already growing near the higher end. Thanks.

Yeah, so let me start with the queue of our turbines. We're on track to receive delivery of equipment to be able to be online in 2031 with the power plant. Everything is proceeding according to plan there. You know, West Virginia is a state that is open for business not just for data centers but for everything else and being led by Governor Morrissey who's saying you know we want 50 gigawatts by 2050 and and so it's a place where we're looking to invest to meet that demand and to attract that demand so disproportionately data centers are moving to West Virginia because of its open for business stance, and we're happy to be investing into that. I'll ask John to comment on what things, you know, timing of spend and what that might mean to our growth.

Yeah, sure. So we anticipate we'll get approval of the existing application in the second half of If I had to guess, it's probably going to be early in the fourth quarter. What we've told people is upon approval, you know, rate-based growth would increase from just over 10% to just over 11%, and obviously we'll be very focused on translating rate-based growth into earnings growth. So more to come on that. We'll update the plan as soon as practical after approval, but we're really excited about this opportunity, as well as the opportunities that are in West Virginia associated with the additional data center demand.

Got it. Perfect. And then just lastly, Brian, I mean, just the affordability rhetoric in Pennsylvania. I mean, the governor's tone and one of your peers obviously recently polled it, you know, it's rate case. Can we just get a sense on how you're thinking about the political backdrop, the rate case timing? I mean, can you just invest in Pennsylvania through the LTIP program and the rider? So can you stay out further until the affordability concerns are kind of more muted? Thanks.

Yeah, so on these affordability issues, I think it's really important that we stay close to our executives, our regulators, and our customers on the issue and talking about what's impacting the affordability. So I was just down in Philadelphia last month and met with Governor Shapiro and talked about these issues. You know, he's extremely knowledgeable on energy issues and plugged into what's driving the costs. I also mentioned in our last rate case, and our rates just went in effective there a year ago, first quarter of 2025, the main issues there were reliability and investment in the state. And John Hawkins is addressing those issues every day, making sure that we're making the required investment in Pennsylvania and driving improvement in reliability. So since 2024 in Pennsylvania, our customer average interruption duration is down 27 minutes. So the things that were important in the most recent rate case, we're addressing and we're doing and making happen. And in terms of affordability, we're staying in touch with people and talking to people like Governor Shapiro, Governor Sherrill in New Jersey, and making sure there will be no surprises in any of our states when we come in for a rate case.

Got it. That's perfect. Thank you, guys. Big congrats on the execution.

Thanks, sure.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Nick Campanella with Barclays. Please proceed with your question.

Hey, good morning. Thanks for the time. Good morning. Morning. I wanted to follow up on the discussion you were having on West Virginia, and I'm just kind of, you know, going back to some of the comments in your prepared about exploring ways to kind of protect customers and drive economic growth at the same time. it seems like there's a lot of interest in Virginia with the six gigawatt backlog you highlighted. And I know we'll figure out what happens with the CPCN and the first gigawatt, which is really more IRP driven, but just what are kind of the frameworks that we should be thinking about to facilitate the next phase of load growth in the state? Do you need to file a separate tariffs? And just since you're vertically integrated, are there other models kind of across the sector that you think are working well that you would be interested in replicating? in West Virginia? Thanks.

Yeah, so thanks for that, Nick. I think the most important thing is that when you look at data center developers, hyperscalers, there's been somewhat of a political pushback to data center development and the impact in affordability and cost. And I think in response to that, the hyperscalers, data center developers are taking a stance of, we want to make darn sure we're paying our fair share, our full fair share, for everything that we are consuming in the energy landscape. And so when we're talking to these folks and negotiating with them, they are coming from a stance of we're paying for what we're taking, whether it's transmission, generation, land, and in some states like Michigan, I saw Jeff Blau on CNBC earlier this week talking about something they're doing in Michigan, even lowering electricity rates for existing customers by some development that they're doing in places like Michigan. I think the models are out there, and the smart things for us to do are replicate the places where these things have worked well rather than just stopping development and I think if we work with stakeholders in West Virginia and other states if we're transparent about who's bearing what costs and if there's a net positive to customers in the state those are models that we should adopt and develop and continue to impact energy dominance and economic development.

Thanks for the thoughts. And then, I mean, just one follow-up I had is just as we layer in some of the additional capital to the plan, just how you're thinking about the funding and financing mix. And, yeah, maybe I'll leave that there.

Yeah, Nick, this is John. So as we talked about before, you know, specifically on the West Virginia generation investment, you know, if we get the AFUDC cash recovery, that will help fund a portion of the investment. So we expect up to about 35% of that investment to be funded with new equity. And as we layer new investments into the plan, I don't anticipate it exceed that amount.

Thank you.

Thanks, Nick.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Steve Fleischman with Wolf Research. Please proceed with your question.

Yeah, hi. Good morning. Sorry, I'm probably going to hit the same topics that have already been hit to some degree. So just in Pennsylvania, first, so we had Shapiro's comments early in the year. Then we see a unanimous, pretty much unanimous settlement with PPL still to be approved. If then we have this reaction to filing a case and pulling it, although I think they did file it kind of earlier than normal. So just maybe you could just take these different pieces and what's the takeaway? Is it just I think you're in a stay out, so I assume you're not going to file early out of a stay out. Is that really a lot of the issue here? Be curious, your thoughts.

I don't think we should read something into Pennsylvania from what's recently happened. We view it as a place that wants our development, wants increased investment, wants to improve the customer experience, but is also cognizant of the affordability issue. Governor Shapiro is really thoughtful on these energy issues, and he saved customers and PJM billions of dollars from the caps he negotiated. So he's not some person who wants to shut down investment or stop economic development in the state of Pennsylvania. And so we're proceeding with our investment plans. We're happy with our ability to invest there and our returns. And we're being cognizant of the affordability issue as the governor would expect us to be and our customers would expect us to be. And that's true in the state of Pennsylvania and it's true in all of our states. And I think the key issue is engagement with the executives in our states, with the regulators, with the legislators. And like I said, you know, I met with Governor Shapiro last month in Philadelphia, and we'll continue to meet with him and talk about these issues that are important to our customers in Pennsylvania and all of our states. It's about engagement and transparency, and we're going to keep doing that in Pennsylvania and all of our states. It's part of our job. It's important that we do that on behalf of our customers.

Okay, that makes a lot of sense. And then just back to West Virginia, I know you're finalizing a lot of these contracts for the power plant, and I think the initial numbers was kind of, I don't know, it goes back, I think, about a year. So just any sense of kind of where the final costing kind of ends up on it?

Yeah, we're still confident in our estimates of about $2.5 billion for the plant. That's what we filed. We had some contingencies in there, of course. Let there be no doubt. It's a seller's market when you're talking about turbines and the like. And I think the sellers need to be thoughtful about how much they're going to squeeze that pricing because that goes to the affordability issue. their political implications related to that and I think people like governors and legislators and others are going to be looking at the equipment suppliers and saying hey you're impacting the affordability to our customers and and your profitability and your squeeze on people looking to have energy dominance in the United States need to be measured rather than running free and and so So we're confident in the numbers that we have and confident that our partners will be thoughtful about any price increases they try to pass through in a seller's market.

I guess they might have a lot more business to come afterward to be thinking about in West Virginia. So, okay.

Yeah, thank you. Yeah, that's a good point, Steve. We'd love to be a repeat customer.

And Steve, we'll do that with people that um are long-term partners to us and uh and we'll be re-evaluating that as we go forward so thank you thank you our next question comes from the line of jeremy tonne with jp morgan please proceed with your question hi good morning good morning jeremy um i'll try not to ask on pennsylvania here uh just maybe if we could turn towards uh transmission in the pgm open window here just wondering any incremental thoughts you might be able to share on you know what the the scope of

the opportunity set is for you or just just any other color uh you know in in how you feel about that process at this point so jeremy i think looking at um past performance as an indicator for the future you know five billion dollars uh that we've been able to secure over the last four years um we've changed how we've done things from doing everything by ourselves to partnering with some others where we think some of our neighbors and us might come up with a better solution than each of us doing it on our own. And we've changed things to be more competitive as we've gone forward. So our business model continues to evolve in this competitive landscape. We think that benefits our customers in terms of affordability. We think it offers better reliability and resiliency solutions. And so we'll continue to develop our business plan under Mark Morzynski, who's leading that effort for us. But we've been pleased with the incremental investment we've been able to secure in the competitive process and are confident that we'll be able to have similar success in the future.

Yeah, Jeremy, this is John. The only thing I would add to that is if you think about our transmission capex plan you know 80 to 85 percent of it is is not the competitive projects it's just the existing work um and the investments that are needed on our existing system and that that will be a continuing theme for us just given where our system is situated the age of the system so as we move into the future i anticipate you know additional transmission investments on the core system in addition to the regional transmission projects that you asked about.

Understood. That's helpful. Thanks. And then just want to turn, I guess, to affordability and appreciate the disclosures and how EPI appears to be among the lowest bills in all the states that you operate in. And just wondering how that resonates with local stakeholders there and particularly thinking about New Jersey, given the new administration there?

Yeah, so let me start with New Jersey. You know, we finished a rate case where rates went into effect the early part of 24. And the main issue there in that rate case was investment in New Jersey and improving reliability there. And so, you know, we started down the path of the clean energy corridor and enabling that. We've shifted away from that to other type growth. I was in Lakewood, New Jersey earlier this month, the amount of growth is phenomenal. Since 2000, that city in New Jersey has more than doubled in population. And so big part of the last rate case, investment in New Jersey, enabling growth and enabling reliability. And Doug McCoy and his team, the president of JCP&L there, are making that happen. And so we need to be cognizant of affordability as we go in for rate cases, John. I think for each of the rate cases that we're going into today, the O&M burden is less than it was in the last rate case. So we're talking the talk, walking the walk on affordability, but also making the investments that are demanded from us by our customers and regulators and trying to strike that right balance.

Yeah, and I would say, you know, obviously, you know, making improvements in reliability are important. You know, we talked about Pennsylvania having a 20 percent improvement in outage duration. If you look at New Jersey, 24 to 25. It's a 16% improvement, which is about 47, or excuse me, 49 minutes of outage duration per customer. So, pretty significant. So, it's important, you know, that we continue with this plan, with this investment strategy, because, you know, we're not where we need to be, but we're on the path to get there.

Got it. And just a quick follow-up there. Just wondering, you know, in these conversations, do you see distinguishment as far as your bills being lower, lower wallet share than others in the state? Is that being appreciated and differentiated in, you think, in conversations with others in the state?

I do, Jeremy. I think those are important facts to point out. The idea of what the share of wallet is, if our rates are increasing at a rate that's lower than inflation, those are all important things for us to point out. But But at the same time, we recognize that customers are being squeezed, not just by our bills, but by things like gas bills, food bills, pharmaceuticals, and other things. And so we do need to be cautious, aware, empathetic to those issues, but also point out what the facts are. And if our bills are lower, if we're increasing less than inflation, that means that the value we're delivering to our customers is increasing over the periods that we're talking about so yeah those facts are really important understood I'll leave it there thank you thanks Jeremy thank you our next question comes online of Andrew Wiesel with Scotiabank please proceed with your question hey good morning everybody morning Andrew just one for me you noted the impressive cost cutting measures as a tool to help with affordability if I heard you right I

think you said O&M expenses were down 5% year over year and came in below the levels approved in the latest rate cases. Can you elaborate on that? Was that across all jurisdictions? Are those savings structural or ongoing, or were they more one-time in nature, whether related to the weather and maybe lower run times or something like that? Were these related to AI and automation?

How do those cost savings, were they helpful or potentially harmful in terms of reliability? any additional details would be helpful thank you yeah I mean Andrew so there's obviously a little bit of timing in each quarter that you go through in terms of when you incur maintenance work and maintenance activities but you know we we've been at this continuous improvement cost management program for quite some time and you're seeing sustainable benefits you know from the work that we've done historically and really starting in 2022 to now and and so this is a lot of sustainable cost savings that are going to help us move into the future and it's around you know moving from a more reactive historical performance decision-making process to a much more integrated analytical risk based decision-making process using you know data and analytics to help us inform the decisions that we make to be much more efficient with our resources and where we deploy our resources, whether it be capital or O&M. And so it's much more predictive, much more proactive decision-making that's really driving a lot of our cost management program. So I kind of view it as a much more sustainable part of the company moving forward.

And I'll also add to that, as we've changed our business model to focus on our five business units, we are shrinking our service core and increasing our business unit presence. So we're moving more of our customers' management and focus closer to the customer in each of those business units, and that's having the related operational success that we've talked about earlier in the call.

So you see opportunity for more?

Oh, always. Always.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Ross Fowler with Bank of America. Please proceed with your question.

Good morning, Brian. Good morning, Ross.

Good, thanks.

Maybe we'll turn this to FERC for just a second. Obviously, we've got the ANOPR out there, the public loan order, and the backstop procurement. So not a shortage of things going on. You obviously took this up to the D.C. circuit with a petition for review. So maybe can you sort of scope out the decision timeline there, what you frame as the range of outcomes? Is this sort of an all or nothing in your favor or not?

Yeah. On a lot of this stuff, Ross, it's more to come, whether it's the ANOPR or the other issue that you mentioned. And, you know, I think our biggest thing there is we think the large loads should pay their fair share, but we think it should be to the utility company, to the transmission provider who's providing the service and have the opportunity to earn a return on that. So it's not just you pay it, it's out of rate base, and the utility operates something that they're not earning on. We think it should be a model even similar to what you have in natural gas pipelines, where you have an open season and people sign up to contract with the pipeline company, but they are paying the pipeline company, and the pipeline company is earning a return on their investment. So we don't think CIAC should be outside of that model for network improvements. We think that the large load should pay for their network improvements, but they should be paying the utility, and the utility should be earning on their invested capital for that incremental investment to serve them.

Yeah, I understood, Brian, and then on the backstop procurement, you kind of said you're evaluating the proposal there from PJM, and there might be some things to do there. It's still too early to talk about that, or are you still fleshing that out?

You know, still fleshing it out, but, you know, Ross, I think a large part of this is who pays and for what. and I'm not sure of PJM's value standing in between the people who are making the investment and the people who are paying for it. I just, I don't see why PJM as a clearinghouse for any of that adds any value. I think that the people making the investment, the power plant developers and builders should contract directly with the end use customers rather than having some middleman in between, and then another middleman being the electric distribution companies. The long and the short of deregulation was that customers bear the risk of capacity and energy markets, and customers have gotten the benefit of that for the last 20 years, and now it looks like prices are going to be higher. What I think we need to be careful about, whether it's the backstop or anything else in capacity and energy markets, is customers paying for something they're not getting. And that's exactly what's happening in today's capacity markets. People are paying for new capacity, and they're not getting new capacity. Existing capacity owners should get something that's reasonable but not as high as new capacity. And so today, customers, residential customers, are wasting their money in the PJM capacity markets, and that should stop.

I mean, certainly, Brian, we've contracted before, we can contract again. I don't know what difference it makes that PJM gets in the middle. It's bilateral contracts or bilateral contracts, right?

Yeah, the wrong people are going to end up paying with PJM in the middle. Like the whole idea of deregulation was that the utility companies are just wires companies and they don't take generation capacity and energy commodity risk. and I'll tell you going forward if we get to phase two and I'll tell this to PJM and anyone else who listen we are not going to sign contracts where our companies take commodity risk on generation and energy it's not going to happen so phase two has got some real hurdles to overcome and and if phase two is going to work they need to contract with us and and the way it's structured today, we're not signing contracts.

Yeah, I mean, it's not your business model, right? Your business model is regulated wires, right?

And it's not what the legislators in four of our five states asked for. They said, you don't do that. You're out of that business.

And believe me, we listen to our legislators, we listen to our regulators, and we respond accordingly. thanks for that Brian appreciate it thanks Ross thank you our next question comes from the line of Anthony Cordell with Mazoho Securities please proceed with your question hey hey good morning just a quick one on Ross's question Brian you just talked about you know your view of the backstop auction all the stress that it creates um does the state regulators that you operate the states you operating do the regulators share that same view or any insight you can provide of Do the governors or the regulators share a similar view to how you're viewing what's going on right now in the capacity markets?

I think they absolutely do, Anthony. Look at the law that was just passed last summer here in Ohio, where the legislature took a very firm view of utilities cannot own generation, and the legislature took the view that the market will solve the problem. not the utilities. And so we heard that, we listened to that, and we're not going to own generation in Ohio, and we're going to let people contract with each other in whatever market they choose to contract in. But yeah, Ohio just completely doubled down on that a year ago. So they're firmly in agreement with us. And if you look across our deregulated states, everyone but West Virginia, the markets are – the legislation is clear that we don't own generation and that that is handled through markets and the utility provides T&D services and is not involved in the commodity. So, yeah, they're firmly in agreement with us.

Great. That's all I had. Thanks again. Thanks, Anthony.

Thank you. Our final question this morning comes from the line of Carly Davenport with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question. Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking the questions.

Maybe just to follow up on some of your comments on New Jersey earlier, I know you guys have been considering kind of the right timing to potentially file another rate case there. Any updated thoughts on what that could look like?

No, look, I think given the governor's executive orders and where we are in our rate case cycle, you know, we'd be very, very thoughtful about when we'd move forward, and there would be no surprise to the governor, the BPU, or anyone else in the state of New Jersey when we do come in. But no, we just, no surprises is our biggest mantra, and that won't happen as a surprise. We'll come in at the right time. But, you know, the important thing in the last rate case, and I hope it's the important thing in the next rate case, is are we investing in New Jersey for economic development, for growth, and for reliability and balancing that with affordability? And that's our job, and we'll do that openly and transparently whenever we do come in for a rate case in New Jersey. You're not a customer of ours there, are you, Carly?

I am not. Not at the moment. but it might be at some point. But that's super helpful. Appreciate that. And then maybe just one question on Maryland. I know you guys have the plans to file there soon as well. Just any impacts that you're looking out for from the omnibus bill that was recently passed in Maryland just in terms of any risk around changes to the regulatory process on the back of that legislation?

Hey, Carla, this is John. it's kind of too early to tell right now. I mean, we've historically used a historical test year in Maryland, but other components of the legislation we're working our way through, and we'll update our plan accordingly.

Got it. Okay, thank you so much for the call.

Thanks, Carla.

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for joining. You may now disconnect Connect your lines.