Good morning, and welcome to the General Motors Company second quarter 2026 earnings conference call. During the opening remarks, all participants will be in a listen-only mode. After the opening remarks, we will conduct a question and answer session. We are asking analysts to limit their questions to 1 and a brief follow-up. To ask a question, press star then 1 on your telephone keypad to join the queue. To withdraw your question, press star then 2. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded Tuesday July 21st, 2026. I would now like to turn the conference over to Ashish Khalid, GM's Vice President of Investor Relations.

Thanks Julie and good morning everyone. We appreciate you joining us as we review GM's financial results for the second quarter of 2026. Our conference call materials were issued this morning and are available on GM's Investor Relations website. We are also broadcasting this call via webcast. Joining us today are Mary Barra, GM's Chair and CEO, along with Paul Jacobson, GM's Executive Vice President and CFO. Susan Sheffield, President and CEO of GM Financial, will also be joining us for the Q&A portion. On today's call, management will make forward-looking statements about our expectations. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. These risks and uncertainties include the factors identified in our filings with the SEC. Please review the safe harbor statement on the first page of our presentation as the content of this call will be governed by this language. And with that, I'm delighted to turn the call over to Mary.

Thanks, Ashish, and good morning, everyone. Today we reported another solid quarter driven by the tremendous appeal of our product portfolio, the agility of our team, and discipline execution across the business. Our employees, our dealers, and our suppliers are all making important contributions that continue to drive our success. Their commitment enables us to win in a dynamic market, and their efforts are leading us to raise our 2026 guidance for the second time this year. The business continues to perform very well. Customer demand in North America remains steady, including for our pickups and SUVs, and pricing is consistent. For example, despite lower-than-target inventories for most of the year, our share of the U.S. full-size pickup market stands at more than 42% through the first half of the year, which is more than 10 percentage points above our closest competitor. And we grew share year-over-year in both the second quarter and the first half. We also achieved our best quarter and first half ever for the new SuperCruise-equipped vehicles. Strong commercial demand helped us deliver record full-size pickup deliveries in our fleet business, and our U.S. incentive spend has remained well below the industry average for more than three years. GM International, inclusive of our China joint ventures, was also profitable. Our 8.6% EBIT adjusted margin in North America was up 2.5 points from a year ago, and we continue to strengthen our product portfolio, grow software and services revenue, lower our warranty costs, reduce EV losses, increase operating efficiency, and develop new revenue opportunities that drive improved results this year and going forward. This strategy has driven 70 basis points of total company margin expansion over the last three years, while our broader peer set has seen margin reduction by 400 basis points. All of this includes the impact of tariffs. We haven't made excuses. We've just continued to perform. At the same time, our operating discipline has been a key driver of the structural improvement in our adjusted automotive free cash flow generation, which has improved from $3 to $5 billion annually on average over the last decade to consistently above $10 billion since 2022. We expect these trends will continue to strengthen our performance into 2027 and beyond because we have multiple engines of margin expansion and growth while maintaining our capital discipline. We built a strong EBIT foundation with new and redesigned vehicles like the Chevrolet Trax, Equinox, and Traverse, the revitalization of Buick, the success of sub-brands like the Denali and AT4, and icons like the Chevrolet Corvette and the Cadillac Escalade. For example, since 2020, we have increased the EBIT profitability per unit of our crossover portfolio by four times, while our full-size pickup and full-size SUV segments are each up over 25%. that. Our next major launch, the next generation Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra light-duty pickups, will further separate us from key competitors when they begin arriving in showrooms in December. The truck will deliver improved ride quality, power, durability, and towing capability. We have also significantly elevated the exterior and interior design to increase their presence, refinement, and appeal. We plan to maintain record production volumes year-over-year while launching the trucks at three assembly plants, along with our next generation V8 engines, which are launching at three propulsion plants. We are also increasing capacity for full-size SUVs. Starting next spring and continuing into 2028, we will begin launching the next generation of Cadillac ICE vehicles, including the all-new CT5, XT5, and XT6, which will complement the Escalade, and the brand's luxury segment-leading EV portfolio, the Escalade IQ, VISTIC, Lyric, and Optic. And we are onshoring significant manufacturing starting next year, which will bring our U.S. production capacity to more than 2 million units and further reduce our tariff exposure. At the same time, our high-margin software and services revenues continue to grow rapidly, with 1 million new subscriptions expected this year, contributing to more than 3 billion and recognize revenue. Next year, the growth should be even higher because we're making supercruise standard and high-end Silverado and Sierra trims and optional on most everything else. We're estimating 160,000 incremental supercruise units from this product enhancement strategy. Alongside our core vehicle portfolio and software growth, new businesses' initiatives like GM Insurance and GM Defense are reaching critical mass because we offer unique value propositions. For example, when a customer purchases GM insurance, we create a reoccurring revenue stream from premiums along with incremental parts and vehicle sales, all while driving customer loyalty and higher satisfaction. The business has scaled from three states in early 2024 to 21 states today, making GM insurance available to over 60% of GM's U.S. sales, and we are on track to reach over 80% in the near term. GM Defense is another compelling growth opportunity that enables us to deliver defense solutions faster with better economics for the U.S. taxpayer. The Chevrolet Colorado-based Infantry Squad vehicle is case in point. After an initial multi-year order of about 1,200 ISVs, the U.S. Army now plans to procure more than 10,000 if the appropriations is passed. We're building momentum with other products and customers, including the U.S. State Department and Secret Service, as well as Canada, Qatar, Brazil, and other allies. And we're also supplying battery propulsion technology to Lunar Outpost, which has been awarded $220 million NASA contract to build the next generation lunar terrain vehicle. GM Defense expects 2026 revenue to grow to almost $700 million and is targeting positive results on an EBIT basis for this year, while also building a backlog of future business. We are expecting a top-line revenue CAGR for GM Defense of more than 30% over the next several years with double-digit margins. This includes ISV awards that are expected to exceed $1 billion based on the U.S. Army's procurement objectives. We are also working with Lockheed Martin and other leading companies to expand speed, scale, and resilience in the defense industrial base. We're focusing our efforts on strengthening supply chain management, improving manufacturing readiness, and expanding production capacity in ways that serve the United States and its allies well. Over time, all of this should make GM Defense a more meaningful and diversified contributor to our earnings. With that, I'll turn it over to Paul.

Thank you, Mary, and I appreciate everyone joining us this morning. I also want to begin by recognizing the entire GM team, whose hard work and consistent execution quarter after quarter underpin the solid results we're reporting today. In the first half of the year, we generated $92 billion in revenue and $8.2 billion of EBIT adjusted. EPS diluted adjusted increased more than 35% year over year to $7.27 a share. This was our best first half EPS diluted adjusted performance ever, more than 25% above the prior high. Put simply, in just six months, we delivered an EPS result that was better than six of our last ten full years, a clear reflection of how GM has transformed itself over the past decade by strengthening our product portfolio to drive revenue growth, improving core operating performance, lowering costs, and materially reducing our share count through significant share repurchases. We also maintained our pricing discipline, with incentives as a percentage of MSRP running one and a half to two points below the industry average, helping to improve total company margin by 1.8 points year over year in the first half alone. In addition, fleet sales have been strong, with our best first half in more than five years, including our highest government sales since 2009 and record full-size pickup sales driven by strong commercial demand. Importantly, the growth in fleet comes without diluting margin. Year over year, our market share was down by about 60 basis points versus the first half of 2025, largely reflecting three factors. One, strategic decisions to discontinue certain vehicles in our portfolio, including the Chevrolet Malibu and the Cadillac XT4. Two, a smaller EV market following reductions in consumer incentives. And three, tight dealer inventory early in the year, which was at a low point in January and February. But as Mary mentioned, the investments we are making to onshore production, launch key vehicles, and expand full-size SUV capacity will give us more flexibility and position us to grow revenue, gain market share, and improve profitability in 2027. On capital allocation, our strong first half-adjusted automotive free cash flow of $6.3 billion allowed us to continue executing against our share buyback program. In the second quarter, we made $2 billion in open market share repurchases, retiring approximately 25 million shares, which brings our first half total to $2.8 billion repurchased and 36 million shares retired. This is nearly $1 billion more than the first half of last year, despite our EV restructuring efforts. We ended the second quarter with a diluted share count of $893 million, approximately 8% below where we ended the second quarter of 2025, and 35% below the second quarter of 2023. We have $3.5 billion remaining under our current repurchase authorization and expect to continue to consistently repurchase shares supported by strong cash flow and our ending Q2 automotive cash balance of $19.7 billion. Now let's turn to the second quarter financial results in more detail. Total company revenue of $48 billion was up $900 million year-over-year driven by higher wholesale volumes, reflecting higher ICE volumes in both North America and South America, partially offset by lower EV volumes. EBIT adjusted of $3.9 billion was up $900 million year over year. The improvement was driven primarily by core business performance supported by stronger pricing and lower costs, including EV, warranty, and emissions-related regulatory tailwinds. Adjusted automotive free cash flow of $5 billion was up $2.2 billion year over year. The improvement was driven by higher earnings and timing of both tariff reimbursements and CapEx spending. Let me now update you on our EV-related restructuring. In the second quarter, we recorded $2.3 billion in incremental charges. Of that amount, $900 million was supplier-related cash charges, $700 million in cash charges to right-size the battery supply chain with our joint venture partners, and $700 million were non-cash write-offs for compliance-related and other asset impairments. In total, we have recorded $10.9 billion of EV-related charges since the second half of 2025, of which approximately $7.2 billion will have a cash impact. Through the end of the second quarter, we paid $4.5 billion of this amount. Our teams have worked tirelessly with our partners and suppliers across the EV value chain to conclude these negotiations quickly. I'm proud to say that we believe these actions substantially complete the material cash charges we expect to incur as we align our EV capacity and manufacturing footprint with the changes in regulatory policy. While circumstances may change in the future and we may have some true-ups, it's important to get this work behind us. Now let's move to our second quarter regional results. North America delivered EBIT adjusted of $3.4 billion, up a billion or over 40% year over year. Margin was 8.6%, an improvement of two and a half points from a year ago when tariffs were first put into place. Having worked through much of that pressure, we are solidly back within our 8 to 10% margin target, a clear marker of the progress this team has made. The improvement was broad-based, driven by strong pricing, lower EV losses from right-sizing our capacity, along with continued warranty and emissions-related regulatory tailwinds. These gains were partially offset by commodity inflation, including logistics and higher DRAM costs, along with manufacturing costs related to on-shoring production to the U.S. Total U.S. dealer inventory ended the quarter at 511,000 units or approximately 55 days of supply. This is right in the middle of our targeted range of 50 to 60 days. GM International, excluding China equity income, delivered EBIT adjusted of $100 million, driven by strong execution across most of the regions. While Middle East wholesales were significantly impacted by shipping disruptions, strong sales performance in South America partially offset this headwind. China equity income was $100 million. The team deserves a lot of credit for the restructuring work they did to enable us to be profitable despite the very difficult environment. we remain focused on execution, cost efficiencies, and mixed optimization to deliver ongoing profitability. GM Financial delivered EBT adjusted of $600 million and paid $250 million in dividends to GM in the quarter, reinforcing our strategic value within the enterprise. Since 2019, GMF has grown its balance sheet by more than 25% while outperforming other captive finance companies on profitability and growth. This performance reflects disciplined execution and the ability to generate consistent, risk-appropriate returns and is further supported by GM Financial maintaining its leadership position and manufacturer loyalty for 10 consecutive years. The business remains within its full-year EBT-adjusted guidance of $2.5 to $3 billion and is on track to pay full-year dividends to GM similar to last year. Based on our strong operating performance, including improved pricing and warranty assumptions, as well as a slightly better commodity outlook, we are raising our full-year guidance across all of our key metrics. We now expect EBIT adjusted of $14 to $16 billion, up from $13.5 to $15.5 billion. EPS diluted adjusted of $12 to $14 dollars, up from $11.50 to $13.50 per share, and adjusted automotive free cash flow of $9.5 to $11.5 billion, up from $9 to $11 billion previously. Before I address the key assumptions underlying our updated full-year guidance, I want to note that it assumes no material escalation in the Middle East and no significant increase in commodity or other inflationary pressures from current levels. Starting with the industry backdrop, we continue to assume U.S. total SAR in the low 16 million unit range for the full year, consistent with where it is run year to date. North America ICE wholesales were up approximately 1% in the first half, and we expect second half year-over-year volumes to be up in a similar range. We continue to be constrained by full-size truck production, including the impact of the new truck launch and the planned discontinuation of certain vehicles we referenced earlier. Turning to EVs, we continue to expect losses to improve by one to one and a half billion dollars for the full year, driven by right-sizing our EV capacity in significantly lower volume. In the first half, we realized approximately 500 million dollars of this benefit. We expect EV wholesale volumes to be up slightly in the second half as we resume building to demand. Warranty is tracking to a $1 to $1.5 billion improvement year over year for the full year, above our previous assumption of up a billion. We realized $500 million in the first half and expect most of the remaining benefit flow through in the third quarter. Emissions-related regulatory savings remain on track as well. We continue to expect a full-year benefit of $500 to $750 million, primarily from lower regulatory credit amortization. We recognized approximately $400 million in the first half and expect a smaller benefit in the second half as we begin to lap the savings that started in the second half of 2025. On pricing, we recognized a $600 million year-over-year benefit in the first half and now expect full-year North America pricing to be up around half a percent, which is at the high end of our prior guidance. The pricing benefit is expected to be smaller in the second half as we lap last year's 2026 model year price increases. We continue to expect gross tariff costs of $2.5 to $3.5 billion for the full year, which is largely flat year over year. Through the first half, we incurred approximately $1.3 billion net of the $500 million IEPA benefit recognized in the first quarter. We expect the gross tariff impact in each of the third and fourth quarters to be similar to the impact of the second, which was around $900 million. Let's now turn to the headwinds. We continue to expect commodity inflation, logistics, and higher DRAM costs to be a headwind of $1.5 to $2 billion for the full year. We realized approximately $600 million in commodity costs in the first half and expect that headwind to increase in the second half, largely because it reflects two quarters of higher costs rather than just one. In addition, spot rates continue to rise after our first quarter earnings call, and while they have eased somewhat recently, several commodities remain above those levels. Also, given the lag in how these costs flow through our results, the recent improvements should begin to benefit us in the fourth quarter and into early 2027. it. On DRAM specifically, our expanded collaboration with Micron strengthens access to critical memory technologies and deepens integration across our vehicle platforms, reinforcing supply availability for the long term. Separately, we're also investing approximately $1 to $1.5 billion this year to onshore production to the U.S., strengthen our supply chain, and expand our software capabilities. We incurred approximately $400 million in the first half, and we expect these costs to ramp further in the second half as we approach production in 2027. Finally, turning to our international operations, we continue to expect some softness in GM International ex-China, reflecting the dynamic environment in the Middle East. From a cadence perspective, we expect the fourth quarter to be somewhat weaker than typical seasonal patterns would imply, primarily due to the launch of our new full-size trucks, including higher launch-related costs and anticipated year-over-year volume headwind of approximately 35,000 units. We also expect on-shoring costs to build as the year progresses, with the fourth quarter having the largest impact as we prepare to transfer Escalade production to Orion Assembly. Before I close, I want to take a moment to underscore the strength of our core business. In North America, margins have returned to our 8% to 10% target range, and we are winning in the segments that matter most, including full-size trucks and SUVs, while maintaining disciplined pricing and inventory levels. That strength provides the foundation for everything else we are building. Our OnStar digital business, including Super Cruise, remains a growing, margin-accretive asset. Subscriber growth drove deferred revenue to $6.3 billion, up almost 50% from a year ago, while second quarter recognized revenue was $800 million, up 20% year over year, and well on pace to hit our full-year growth target of $400 million. This momentum carries into 2027, where amortization of our existing deferred and subscriber growth is expected to drive double-digit growth in realized revenue, building on our estimated full-year 2026 realized revenue of more than $3 billion. We are also building a select number of adjacent higher margin businesses, including GM Defense and GM Insurance, in a capital-efficient manner that leverages our capabilities. These businesses are modest contributors today, but we are optimistic about the long-term opportunities they present and will continue to share progress as they scale. While our primary focus is to deliver on our 2026 commitments, we are already looking ahead to 2027. And as Mary mentioned, based on what we know today, we believe we can grow revenue, margins, EBIT, and free cash flow next year. Several drivers support this view, including continued improvement in EV profitability, growth in OnStar digital revenue, incremental warranty improvements, fixed cost efficiencies, a full year of our all-new Chevy Silverado and GMC Sierra pickups, and increased full-size SUV supply to meet demand in the U.S. and in markets around the world. Additionally, as we also continue to repurchase shares, we can expect even further EPS growth. With a broad portfolio of EV and ICE vehicles, we are well positioned to capture demand across segments and continue delivering ongoing value for both our customers and our shareholders. And with that, we'll move to the Q&A portion of the call.

Thank you. As a reminder to analysts, we are asking that you limit your questions to one and a brief follow-up so that we may get to everyone on the call. To ask a question, press star, then 1 on your telephone keypad to join the queue. To withdraw your question, press star, then 2. Our first question comes from the line of Joe's Back with UBS. Your line is open.

Thanks. Good morning, everyone. Paul, I actually wanted to start with some of the commentary you just made on Super Cruise. And, you know, Mary mentioned the plus 160K Super Cruise enabled pickup standard on the high end trims and optional and everything else. So it's good to see that scaling. But, you know, like right now, I think it's really only available on on the high country, on the Silverado. That's like a six, seven thousand dollar package. Maybe, you know, maybe there's some discounts from time. So and even if we look across other vehicles, it looks like it's at least a 4K up front option. So that seems like it could be a pretty big potential tailwind to pricing in 27, and I know you alluded to sort of tech as a pricing tailwind for 27. But I guess what I'm really curious about here is, one, should we also expect Super Cruise to scale, at least from an availability perspective, across other vehicles? And then, two, are you changing the pricing structure of Super Cruise at all as you democratize the solution either to the upfront costs or the eventual monthly charge?

Oh, hey, Joe. You know, we continually evaluate based on customer reception of SuperCruise of how we expanded and are also looking at pricing. So I don't have anything specific to announce today, but we do see the opportunity for the growth that we're going to see with the full-size truck launch, the light duties. And also we're expanding in three regions and continuing to add more miles. So we think it's an option that customers like. We have a very high attach rate when they go out of the period that is included in the price of the vehicle. So we're pretty optimistic that we're going to continue to grow that business. Did I miss anything there?

Yeah, I'd just add, Joe, that this is pretty consistent with what we've been saying for the last few years. The vehicles that are coming up on the end of the three years were produced at the tail end of the chip crisis, And we know Super Cruise was one of the more impacted ones. So, you know, we're starting to see this scale, but I think it's not just 27. It's beyond that. And that's why we keep leaning into the digital revenue story with $6.3 billion of deferred revenue on the balance sheet already. That's approaching seven and a half by the end of the year. And as Mary mentioned, you know, a million additional subscriptions this year across the digital portfolio. Super Cruise is a piece of that. So we're seeing really encouraging attachment rates in the 30% to 40% range, as Mary mentioned. And now the next strategy is how do you proliferate it and how do you expand it to make it more available? That's possible as we get costs down and as the product continues to evolve. So, you know, it's not just about 27%. We think it goes even beyond that and why we've spent a good bit of time talking about, you know, of what the future looks like across the entirety of a GM car park that's got software-enabled features.

Thank you. The second one is just on warranty, which seems like it's sort of coming in more favorable. I was wondering if you could maybe quantify how much warranty helped on a year-over-year basis in the quarter. And then if I recall, I think it's the third quarter where you typically have this re-evaluation and potential reset of accrual rates. So, you know, with respect to your full year commentary on warranty, I just want to make sure that really that's just sort of the better experience you've seen to date, and then there's maybe some potential for a reset to lower accruals later this year as well. Is that correct?

Yeah. So, you know, as we said in the prepared, you know, and we increased from a billion-dollar year-over-year to wanting to look at what the September quarter Q3 adjustment will be and as we go forward. So, you know, we continue to see some good trends. It's not without, you know, some new challenges that pop up from time to time. But I think the team overall is executing well. And we think that this is part of the multi-year tailwind. So ideally, as we've talked about before, the monthly cash outflows plateau and then start to come down as we get through some of these historic quality spills, et cetera. And that's where we can see benefit into 27 and 28 beyond what we're seeing in 26.

I would also say we're using a lot of additional tools, simulation, artificial intelligence to find problems earlier or make sure we validate more, which is going to be evident in the truck that we're launching. So there's a lot going on to make sure the products are of higher quality and even looking at the longer-term durability as well.

Thank you very much.

Thank you. The next question comes from Dan Levy with Barclays. Your line is open.

Good morning. Thank you for taking the questions. Just wanted to start with a question on the 2026 guidance. I think when we add up some of the pieces here between better pricing, better warranty, looks like your wholesales are slightly better, and then you're talking about slightly better commodities, it seems to add up to somewhat more than the guidance raised that you should. I know there is a range and whatnot, but maybe you could just talk to what potential offsets there are versus all of those positives.

Hey, Dan. Thanks for the question. On the commodity piece, I want to make sure that we're really clear. I don't think we are projecting lower commodity prices for the second half than the first half. What we saw when we raised the Q1, we continued to see prices increase after that first quarter earnings date, a little bit of cost guidance. And so the reason for the guidance raise is, okay, if we believe that it's plateaued here, we can bank what we've sort of earned ahead of expectations in the first half of the year. So that's why we wanted to be cautious and say it doesn't assume that we have significantly more inflation, a flare-up of conflict, et cetera. So, you know, I just want to make sure that we're not confusing that with a tailwind from where we were just a few months ago. It really has stabilized a bit at those estimated levels. So when you think about the year, you know, we know that some of the cost pressures that we talked about as we ramp up Orion and make the investments and some of the DRAM inflation was backloaded. But what we're saying is the initiatives that we've undertaken, the benefits that we're seeing in pricing and warranty are helping to overcome that and give us more confidence about the full year given our first half outperformance. That's a long answer.

Great. Thank you. As a second question, I wanted to double-click on the new truck launch. And your materials point to opportunity on the pricing side. Now, I think anyone that's just looking at the third-party data, these just how well the trucks are doing, just very, very dominant share. Imagine that that's somewhat contributing to your pricing strength as well. But help us understand from this position of strength that you're in, how much incremental benefit there is. Maybe you could talk about what specifically is driving that upside on pricing. And maybe you could put this in context of, and I know this is a question that keeps on coming up, the competitive environment where there's, you know, one of your competitors that seems to be, you know, at a position where they have to catch up quite a bit. But put that in context of the broader environment where you're already in a very strong position. You're saying things can get even better from here.

Yeah, so I think, you know, we're incredibly pleased with the current generation of trucks and how they've held up in terms of pricing. We haven't seen the typical heavy discounting at the end of the cycle that I think has permeated the historical models. But as you look at every new model year, every new launch like this, we're adding new features, we're adding new functionality across the board, and we'll see an opportunity where we can to potentially take price across the board. We expect really strong demand. And as always, you know, there's a little bit of a richer trim mix as you're starting to ramp up production as well. So I think all of those contribute. But when you look at the strength of the vehicles, the way they've held up, the market share strength that we've had, it looks really, really promising and we're excited about the next generation of trucks.

And is the pricing piece partially just a trim comment or just?

I mean, we haven't made any public comment and continue to look at the market, but I would say that we're optimistic as we are with most new vehicle launches.

The reception has been really strong production this year. I stated that we're going to maintain those next year as we're launching, as well as new engines. And then there is upside opportunity, really, as we get into the end of 27, 28, because we've got all the launches going through the year. So, we're going to build on a really strong year with what we think is a truck customers are going to love from a performance perspective and design performance technology. So, I think it's going to just continue the momentum we have in the truck market of leading from an overall share perspective.

Great. Thank you.

Thanks, Dan.

Thank you. The next question comes from Andrew Pococco with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.

Great. Great. Thanks so much for taking the questions this morning. I wanted to start off, you know, Mary, you mentioned in your prepared remarks, you know, everything that you're doing on GM defense and how that's helping diversify the business. But I did want to double click on the investments that you guys have made in sodium ion battery storage with peak energy and just get a better understanding of what your strategy is and why you chose to go down that path and what that might look like for your business over the next, call it, 18 to 24 months. Just trying to get a better understanding of how you're going to essentially leverage your manufacturing scale, your supply chains to be relevant in the energy storage market. We're obviously seeing some of your competitors do this as well. So just curious to get a better understanding of your thought process around sodium ion and what you see as the commercialization timeline there. Sure.

Well, first of all, you know, we think sodium ion batteries are an emerging battery chemistry that is going to be attractive and have advantages over other chemistries from a stationary storage perspective. We think that sodium offer could offer lower cost over time than LFP. And as we know, there's an abundance of sodium. There's also a potential for simpler system designs. So we think it's really well suited for grid storage. Also, it has strong performance across a wide range of temperatures, and there is potentially lower cooling and maintenance requirements. So, again, we think this technology is very promising. We're working with PEAK because we think it's going to be the next generation. And when you say year to 18 months, it's a little further out, but there's real work going on with development milestones and a plan to how we would commercialize that we'll share more about over time. But we think PEAK is a real opportunity with this technology, and we're going to continue to develop it because, again, there's going to be more and more need. And ultimately, if the technology is promising, it could even find its way into vehicles, which we've got rights to that. So I don't know, Paul, if you have anything you want to add.

Yeah, and Andrew, I think this is across the industry. We've tried to approach it from, first of all, capital discipline, And as we look at the, you know, restructuring that we've done and so on, you know, the idea and we turn down opportunities to put billions of dollars of capital into plants to tool up for what is, you know, already a highly competitive business based on, you know, potential extension of government credits and tax credits, et cetera. I think really what we're looking at here is how do we partner with technology that, you know, has synergies to the overall business, do it in a capital-efficient manner. And, you know, what we found in PEAK was the promise of a lot of technology, the ability to scale in something that we think is going to be cost-effective, while at the same time we don't have to invest billions of dollars in capital to do it. We have a lot of optionality to participate as we choose, so we're optimistic. And in conversations with them, we think that there's a really good growth platform, but we're going to be cautious rather than going all in into a hyper-competitive business.

And I'll just add from a timing perspective, we believe that we'll be building production-validated cells on campus in our battery cell development center in the 27-28 timeframe. and we hope to be in production before the end of the decade, which isn't that far away with all new technology.

I appreciate that. That's great context. And then maybe my second question, just as it relates to you, I know there's obviously a lot of attention on affordability. It doesn't seem to have really had an impact yet on demand for trucks. I know sometimes it takes a while for that to flow through. I'm just curious, as you think about your guidance for the remainder of the year And as obviously you made some comments about 2027, are you anticipating, you know, a mix shift more towards crossovers, you know, understanding they're more profitable today than they maybe were two years ago? But just curious if you've made any underlying assumptions for that mix shift into maybe smaller, more fuel-efficient vehicles in the back half of the year and into 2027.

Well, Andrew, that's been predicted for several months now, and it's just not happening. We're seeing really strong full-size truck demand and full-size utility for that matter. We're building everything that we can sell. We're going to be guided by the consumer. And I mentioned how we've improved the profitability of our SUVs across the board. So I think we're extremely well-positioned from an affordability perspective to meet the customer where we are, but we're just not seeing it. I think if, you know, something would have to happen for a long period of time before people would make potentially a different decision. So we're seeing strength, even though it's been predicted now for about probably about three or four months.

Great. Thank you so much.

Thank you. The next question comes from the line of Zetai Vicali with TD Cowan. Your line is open.

Good morning, everybody. Just as a first question, just on the updated GM&A pricing environment for the year, great to see the strength in the first half of the year. I do think the second half implied pricing does kind of moderate off the first half. I'm curious whether that's kind of reflecting anything you're seeing thus far, like in July, or just kind of maybe more of a standard assumption and perhaps a bit of conservatism.

Actions from where we were. So as we said going into the year, model year 26, we took some pricing actions. That's got the tailwind. Those have held up strong.

The incentive environment has remained fairly consistent. we don't we're not projecting any change to that it's just the calendar got it that's helpful and then the second question kind of going back to the the new trucks into next year and I appreciate the update on that you know you've been out before on pricing but I'm curious whether there's also some potential variable cost tailwind you could enjoy just given the the easing emissions standards that maybe allows you to reinvest that back into new content to drive pricing and maybe share it higher trims or even kind of flow that to the bottom line and maybe you can comment maybe overall and kind of how you think about the VP per unit roughly of the new trucks versus the outgoing trucks. Thank you.

Yeah, Etai, so, you know, when you look at the sort of current driving, even more efficiency in the Gen 6 as well. So, you know, on a variable profit, it'll normalize and we expect better if, you know, particularly if we're able to take additional pricing. But it's going to take a little bit time because, as you know, with the ramp-up and the transition, there's some costs that we incur over that time period. So, that's why we've classified this as potentially more of a 27 and beyond tailwind than anything material this year, even though the trucks will start to hit the showrooms at the end of the year.

That's very helpful. Great. Thank you.

Yeah. Thanks, Etai.

Thank you. The next question comes from Mike Ward with Citigroup. Your line is open.

Thanks very much. Good morning, everyone. I want to make sure I'm thinking about this the right way. So if you're talking about digital services, defense, insurance, and even putting energy out there, as we look at it over the next five years, if I'm doing the math right, the financial contribution is going to probably be at or above that you're currently getting from June Financial. Is that the right ballpark?

Yeah, I mean, it's certainly not going to give anything specific going forward, but we see the growth trajectory that we're disclosing the deferred revenue piece, because it does come in over a three- to eight-year time period, depending on where the subscriptions are. And that revenue base is already over $3 billion, and as we've said, software-like margins. We've historically disclosed margins on OnStar of around 70%. So we're seeing really good traction there, and we expect that to continue to grow.

Yeah, Mike, I'm really glad you asked the question, because what we're trying to convey is we do think we have tremendous levers, multiple levers of growth, whether it's our software business, whether it's GM Defense, GM Insurance. They're small now, but when you ask a question over a five-year horizon, we definitely think there's a lot of opportunity at GM to grow, improve margins, and become less cyclical. So thanks for that question.

And especially on the margin in the cash side, on a relative-based auto, just the revenue's not, you know, it's hard to make a dent in it, but it's bigger. And I think, Paul, you kind of alluded to your software-enabled vehicles, and I think a number I've heard is 30 to 40 million vehicles that have basically OnStar within them. First of all, is that the right number? And then second of all, how hard is it, if you have a compelling product, how hard is it to turn them on if they wanted to join the subscription to get, whatever, to get, you know, global Wi-Fi service? How hard is it to do that?

You want to take your hand? I was going to say, it depends on the generation because there's several generations of technology. But I think it's, we have about 22 million that just got, for instance, an OTA update for Gemini. So there is an opportunity of, you know, in the multiple millions for us to continue to update depending on what the feature is and what we're doing, what the hardware is in the vehicle. But it's pretty substantial, to your point.

And did I understand it right? You said that new trucks would have super crews?

More models. I think there's just, you know, an exception of a work truck, et cetera. So we're really, we believe in the technology. We're seeing the customer interest. And remember, you know, there was a conversation earlier about the overall cost, but usually that's in a trim package. And when people buy that, they're getting multiple years of service, depending on which feature. So we think it's actually providing a lot of value to the customers. The attach rate is good afterward. And, yes, it will be on more of the full-size light-duty pickups as we launch.

Thank you very much. I really appreciate it.

Thanks, Wayne.

Thank you. The next question comes from Emmanuel Rosner with Wolf Research. Your line is open.

Great. Thank you so much. What's hoping to follow up on the earnings opportunity for the new truck? I understand you flagged the strengthened pricing power. Is there also a volume opportunity as you move into 2027, reflecting the fact that you have fairly lean inventories now? you're going to be lapping some of the changeover impact and downtime that you flagged during the fourth quarter, some limited also in the first quarter. So just how do you think about volume in the second half and into next year?

Emmanuel, the way you need to think about it is we start the launch at the very end of this year, and it goes into next year. But we also have three engine plants launching as well with new engines that support this truck and provide a lot of benefit from a customer perspective you know we're we're going to sell this year we're going to be at record levels uh that over to next year the real volume opportunity comes in the very late 27 or more in the 28 time frame when all of the engine plants are are launched and then we have oriented capability as well for the growth from a volume perspective it's really in 28. okay that's

Now, a lot of the key drivers that you highlighted, actually, all of them are tailwinds, all positive. Would you be willing also to speak about, you know, more broadly, sort of like puts and takes? You know, are there any headwinds we should consider, such as, you know, commodities or further DRAM inflation, just for a more holistic view of the 27 picture?

Yeah, I mean, you know, we're going to see, I think, that's lost the board. So what we're really trying to do now is essentially say that many of the things that are allowing us to expand our margins in 26 are multi-year trajectories, whether it be warranty, EV profitability, digital revenue growth. And it's not just about 27, as we've said in a few public presentations across the board. So that momentum is there. I think the question is how much of that incremental tailwind can we capture based on what's out there in the macro? But what we're trying to really – we're continuing to drive this execution across the board. We're preparing in advance for where the headwinds have, and we still believe that we've got a good trajectory of continued margin expansion and continued EBIT growth and share buybacks into the future.

Understood.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Tom Narayan with RBC. Your line is open.

Hi. Thanks for taking the questions. So I appreciate the commentary on the U.S. on-shoring. Just curious how that would do with the current proposal that we're seeing out there on the 50% U.S. contenting as it relates to either U.S. FCA or a bilateral deal that that may happen. Is the onshoring that you guys have already underway enough to comply with something like that, with the 50% U.S. contenting, or would that require some additional onshoring beyond what you're contemplating?

Quite a bit of work. semiconductor shortage and COVID, recognizing that the global supply chain needed to be much more resilient. So I would say General Motors has done a fair amount of this, and we're also working with our suppliers and have been now that we're in the tariff environment. I think when you look at the different rates, there's productive conversations going on between the U.S. and Mexico. I'm hoping for we can get through some of the back and forth that's happening between the U.S. and Canada. But I do feel that there's a commitment both from the administration and from a congressional perspective that we want to make sure we have a strong manufacturing base, which is making sure that the U.S. automakers are going to be able to compete and win when we look at what the tariff rates are for Europeans, the Japanese, and the Koreans. So I think there's a good understanding of that. We're providing a lot of input to make sure that they understand the consequences. And we need a strong North America, as Paul had said earlier in the day. We need all the countries to work together, and we need an overall rate that allows us to be competitive so we can win and continue to invest in U.S. manufacturing.

Okay. And then follow-up to the commentary on Super Cruise. You know, it seems like, you know, pricing is coming in, especially in North America. We're seeing that from other automakers with with autonomy offerings level two plus plus but then you look at china and it's a completely different story just you know curious how you think about long-term autonomy pricing it seems to be deflationary in china maybe it's a completely different consumer dynamic in the us but i know this is a very high level question but um just curious how you think about you know how autonomy pricing for private mobility could develop. Thanks.

There's intense pricing competition that, frankly, is unsustainable in China's in-country solutions for the vehicles. We have momentum on our vehicles. I think we're a leadership position or among the leaders with the technology that we're providing, and we're going to continue to do that. But I think you've got to look at what's really sustainable with the overall what's happening in that market right now is there's so many competitors. There's a lot of sorting that's going to need to happen for long-term viability. I think from this country, we believe that autonomy is going to be extremely important on our vehicles, and I do believe they'll be pricing power and will also continue to work to get the cost down. SuperCruise is a great example of where that product started versus what it is now and why we're able to offer it and continuing to offer it more and more vehicles. Paul talked about the fact that as we continue to drive, cost efficiencies in the technology It just enables us to provide it to more consumers. But I do think customers recognize the value of it, and they are willing to pay. And I think before this becomes something that is just standard on every vehicle, because we saw the long way to go from full autonomy, where a vehicle can go anywhere, anytime. A lot of what we're seeing now, and there's been great progress made, although it's taken longer, is, you know, you still are in certain regions, geofenced, et cetera. So I think this is an incredibly important technology that we have on our vehicles. I think there's an opportunity to derive value for a long period of time, and we'll see how the market plays out.

Great. Thanks a lot.

Thank you. Our next question comes from Mark Delaney with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Yes, good morning. Thank you very much for taking the questions. Is there more color you can share on the memory supply agreement and what that means for cost and availability going forward, including to what extent it gives GM a clear view on what memory costs are going to be in 2027?

I'm very pleased that we have a strong relationship with Micron, and we also have one with Samsung as well. And these are strategic engagements and long-term engagements that go back to 2022. As I mentioned, as we went through the semiconductor shortage and the chip shortage, we really worked to make sure that we've got direct relationships and stable supply. And I think the relationships we've built are – we haven't disclosed specific pricing, But I think we've got a good relationship with both suppliers, and we're going to continue to work with them and align on next-generation memory technology so we can have jointly developed technology roadmaps that I think will enable us to not only enable future product innovation, but also performance improvements as we go forward. So I think we've got the right line of sight with the strategic partnerships we have, and we're going to continue to build on those.

That's helpful. My other question was on fleet. It's been very strong, as you mentioned in the prepared remarks. Why does GM think the fleet business has been so strong, and what's your view on the ability to sustain that?

I think the team's done a really good job here, Mark, and it really goes to the quality of the portfolio and the services that we can offer across the board. So when we look at the relations that we have with our fleet customers, and that's across the board, whether it's rental or it's government or it's commercial, you know, I think those go a long way, and they really respond to the products that we have. So I think the difference is, you know, fleet historically, I think, was a – or excess capacity. That's really changed, you know, today. We very consciously allocate between retail and fleet and where we can, but, you know, we don't sacrifice value when we're doing that. So we're looking to balance the enterprise as a whole. rather than, you know, historically where we would just offer pretty significant discounts on the fleet side. That's not the way it's working anymore, and it really depends on those relationships.

Thank you.

Thank you. The last question comes from the line of Braja Gupta with J.P. Morgan. Your line is open.

Great. Thanks for taking the question. I just wanted to get an update on autonomy and, you know, the 2028 eyes off, hands off launch. Any update on the progress there, maybe any change in how you're approaching it on the tech side, architecture side would be helpful and have a quick follow?

Yeah, there's no change. I would say the program overall is on track. It's got an aggressive execution plan, but they're largely meeting their milestones. I'm very excited about it. I think I mentioned in the last quarter earnings I had a chance to be in the vehicle and they're making great progress. So excited about what's coming, and we're going to continue to move forward aggressively to make sure we deliver a system that not only provides the autonomy but also lives up to the standard of safety that General Motors has held ourselves to across our vehicle portfolio and also when you look at what we've been able to do with Super Cruise.

Honestly, that's helpful. And just to follow up on Emmanuel's question around the 27 bridge, You know, the $1.2 1.5 billion on-shoring investments this year, should you think about that as like in the base, are there any one-time items from that that maybe do not repeat next year that we should consider?

And maybe in terms of additional investments, are there any other investments we should consider with respect to maybe autonomy, you know, reduced R&D, you know, capacity, cloud capacity, et cetera? yeah so i would say that the bulk as we hire them before we get production in place so that's where you're seeing a little bit of the margin friction as far as the cost line goes you'll you'll have a laughing of the additional heads um you know in 2027 but that will be offset by actual production uh as we as we start to normalize and ramp up where we are so you know overall um you know i I would say it's a little bit balanced into 2027, but as we continue to see how we ramp up production, that'll affect the ultimate magnitude.

And just to clarify, there's no additional expense or investment related to autonomy or R&D that we should anticipate next year, correct?

No, I think we've seen that inflation at a baseline. Again, we've got some of that second half loaded, so there'll be a lapping effect in 2027, but we're not expecting significant additional investment.

Understood. Thanks for the call, Irene.

Thank you. I'd like to turn the call over to Mary Barra for her closing comments.

Good questions today, and I know we've covered a lot of ground, so if we just step back, we want to leave you with the fact that our vehicle portfolio continues to get stronger. I'm very excited about the full-site truck launch that we have coming. We also are efficiently on showing significant manufacturing, which will reduce our tariff expense. Our software and services ecosystem is expanding, and that's not just for one year, but that's going to continue to expand over the next few years and beyond. And we have growth businesses like GM Defense and GM Insurance that are creating additional avenues for value creation and are not in the traditional cyclicality of the auto industry. So all of this supports our commitment to ongoing margin expansion I'm personally very excited about the growth opportunities that we have and the margin expansion opportunities that we have. We know there is more work ahead, but I believe we're building from a position of strength with a proven track record of execution. So with all of our momentum, we're confident in 26 and have said it will be stronger than 25, and more importantly that 27 and the years beyond will be stronger still. So thank you very much for your time, and have a great day.

That concludes the conference call for today. Thank you for joining.