Good day and thank you for standing by. Welcome to Robinhood Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. After the presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. Operator Instructions. And please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the call over to Chris Koegel, Vice President of Corporate FP&A and Investor Relations.

Thank you, Carmen, and thank you to everyone for joining Robinhood's Q3 Earnings Call. With us today are CEO and Co-Founder, Vlad Tenev, and CFO, Jason Warnick. Before getting started, I want to remind you that today's call will contain forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from our expectations, and we have no duty to provide updates unless legally required. Potential risk factors that could cause differences including regulatory developments that we continue to monitor, are described in the press release we issued today, the earnings presentation on our Investor Relations website at investors.robinhood.com, our Form 10-Q filed this afternoon and in our other SEC filings. Today's discussion will also include non-GAAP financial metrics. Reconciliations to the GAAP results we consider most comparable can be found in the earnings presentation. With that, let me turn it over to Vlad.

Thanks for the intro, Chris, and thanks to everyone for joining us today. It's been nearly 10 years since Baiju and I first launched the waitlist for Robinhood. Back then, nobody had heard of fintech, customers were paying $7 to $10 every time they placed a trade at one of the discount brokerages, and people were generally skeptical about using their smartphones for serious financial matters. Investors were also skeptical about Robinhood’s prospects as a business. They viewed the idea of us entering a highly regulated market with large entrenched competitors as a fool's errand. Even if we were to succeed in bringing our product to market, would anyone want it? The conventional wisdom at the time was that individual stock investing was dead and that all anyone needed were index funds. We spoke to nearly 100 investors before we closed our initial seed round at a $10 million valuation. Almost 10 years later, we're serving over 23 million customers in the US. Our surviving competitors have been forced to adopt our business model and even to adapt their user interfaces to be similar to ours. And Robinhood is no longer just the trading app; we've been rapidly evolving into a broad financial services platform serving multiple financial needs, including spending, savings, and retirement. Our ambition and the opportunity ahead of us have expanded greatly. And so it still feels like we are at the beginning of our journey. We're still number two in retail trading market share in the US. We're at the very early stages of expanding beyond trading, with just over $1 billion of retirement assets on our platform, out of the over $12 trillion US IRA market. We're also just now beginning to take our first steps to serve customers outside the US, where we believe the need and opportunity for innovation in financial services is even greater than it is domestically. As we continue to execute on our strategy, we believe we can grow into one of the largest and most profitable financial companies in the world. I'm excited to talk to you about our progress. But first, let's review our Q3 high-level business and financial results. It goes without saying that the macro-environment of the past few years has been challenging for investors. Geopolitical tensions continue to increase, interest rates are at 30-year highs, and household savings are being depleted at a rapid clip. I want to explain the three things I look at at the company level to ensure Robinhood emerges from this challenging environment stronger than ever. First, financial health. You've heard us mention over the past year that I want to ensure Robinhood is a sustainable business, not just in bull markets, but in all market conditions. We've put in a lot of work to make this a reality. We had our first quarter of GAAP profitability as a public company in Q2. And in Q3, total net revenues were up 29% from a year ago, and by keeping our costs lean, we more than doubled our adjusted EBITDA margin year-over-year. This is all while making big investments across product, customer service, and international expansion. Second, company culture. I believe very strongly that small groups of highly motivated and talented people can out-execute incumbents with over 10x the headcount and resources. I believe we have the highest concentration of talent in the history of the company. And over the past year, we've ramped up efforts to ensure we are hiring, retaining, and motivating the highest caliber people across all of our positions. Third, product velocity. We use a number of metrics to track this, and right now by several key metrics, our product velocity is the highest in our recorded history. We move fast and we've been simultaneously improving our service quality. Now let's turn to our 2023 roadmap, which, as you know, we've organized into three areas: deepening relationships with our customers, innovating for our active traders, and launching new growth opportunities. Let's first talk about how we're deepening relationships with our customers. Success in this part of our strategy means that Robinhood becomes the most important financial relationship for a large portion of our customers. This will lead to a healthier and more diversified business, and you should track our progress here by Gold subscribers and net deposits. Robinhood Gold continues to be our number-one focus in deepening relationships with our customers. Over the past year, as the environment evolved and customers were looking for new ways to save and invest, we put a lot more value in Gold by adding a 4.9% APY on uninvested cash and a 3% match on IRA contributions. As a result, subscriptions are now over 1.3 million, and growth is accelerating as we added 100,000 in Q3 alone and 240,000 over the past year. Today, 6% of Robinhood customers are Gold subscribers, and new customers are joining Gold at more than double that rate. Gold customers had tens of thousands of dollars in average assets under custody, up more than 60% year-over-year, and they've opened IRAs with us at seven times the rate of non-Gold customers. As we look ahead, we want the majority of our customers to be Gold subscribers and we're taking a number of steps to make that a reality. Ulti is one of them right now. After acquiring X1 in July, our team has been hard at work, creating an awesome credit card and we've got something special planned for Gold customers. You'll hear more about this early next year. Now let's discuss active traders. We are laser-focused on being the number one platform for active traders, and we track our progress here by market share. Our focus has been on systematically removing any limitation that would lead an active trader to consider using another platform, with particular emphasis on pricing, speed, and app usability. In the past quarter, we streamlined our equity trading flow, introduced options chain customization and an option P&L simulator, and more than doubled the number of stocks and ETFs available to trade 24/5 on Robinhood 24 Hour Market. For our crypto customers, we've rolled out some changes to the user interface on mobile, so that customers can clearly see the spreads that we offer on our crypto transactions. This makes it easier for customers to see their all-in cost of execution compared against other platforms and to see how great of a deal Robinhood is giving them. As we deliver for our active traders, we continue to see our market share of retail trading grow. In Q3, both our equities and options market share increased from Q2 and year-over-year. Let me now talk about futures. We're getting closer to unveiling our offering there, and we have been hard at work building what we believe is the best-designed futures product, particularly on mobile. Competitors generate hundreds of millions in annual revenue from futures trading. So as we continue to execute, we believe we have a real opportunity to expand the market, take market share, and build a nine-figure revenue business over time. The third part of our 2023 roadmap is exploring new growth opportunities. Here, we have been laser-focused on international expansion. In the US alone, we've built a business with 23 million customers that serve nearly 10% of American adults. But there are billions more potential customers across the globe. And as we serve them, we believe our business can evolve into one where the majority of our customer base is outside the US in the years to come. Our approach has been to build the capabilities for international expansion organically. This allows us to scale in a capital-efficient manner, while easily sharing our capabilities across multiple geographies. For example, with the launch of Robinhood 24 Hour Market, we became the first US broker to offer round-the-clock trading of individual stocks. Our customers in the UK will benefit from this and other platform enhancements, as 24 Hour Market will be available in the UK at launch. Two major things are happening in the coming weeks. First, we'll launch brokerage operations in the UK. We look forward to eliminating commissions in that market, just like we did in the US. Also in the coming weeks, we will launch crypto trading in the EU. Crypto benefits from a relatively clear regulatory framework in the EU, and we're excited to bring our capabilities across the pond to better serve that market. As I reflect on all that Robinhood has in front of us, I'm energized by our long-term potential to innovate for our customers, grow assets, gain market share, and continue to disrupt our industry. We're really excited about the roadmap ahead, and there's so much to do. With that, I'll turn the call over to Jason.

Thanks, Vlad. It's good to speak with everyone today. In the third quarter, we stayed focused on serving customers, growing our business, and driving long-term shareholder value. Our team continues to execute on our product roadmap while growing revenues and delivering strong operating leverage in the business. In a very different macro-environment than two years ago, we believe we have a good shot at delivering record annual revenue in 2023. And our adjusted EBITDA this year is on track to be roughly three times our prior record. We're also excited to see momentum continuing to build, with growing market share of retail trading and increased customer adoption of our new products. Taking a look at new products, Robinhood Retirement has over $1 billion of assets under custody and our new 3% contribution match for Gold members is making us really excited for IRA season. Securities lending enrolled nearly 400,000 customers in Q3, bringing our total to nearly 2 million customers with over $10 billion of balances. Robinhood Gold grew by 100,000 subscribers in Q3 alone, bringing the total to 1.3 million subscribers, roughly double the pace we've seen in the past few quarters and the biggest increase in over two years. And we're also pleased to see over 10% of withdrawals are done through instant. So we love that our revenue drivers keep moving higher. Let's look at our business results in the third quarter. Net deposits remain strong in what is typically a seasonally slow quarter; they were $4 billion in Q3, which translates to an 18% annual growth rate. And over the past 12 months, they grew at 27%. Assets under custody ended the quarter at $87 billion, up 34% from a year ago. While equity markets were challenging in Q3, we're optimistic that the continued strength of customer net deposits and long-term market appreciation will be a powerful tailwind to our business over time. Now let's turn to our financial results. As a reminder, last quarter we reached GAAP profitability for the first time as a public company, generating $25 million of net income or $0.03 of EPS. This quarter, we recorded a $104 million regulatory accrual for historical matters, as we previously disclosed. This led to Q3 results moving back to a loss, with net income of negative $85 million or a loss of $0.09 per share. Q3 net income prior to this accrual would have been positive $19 million or $0.02 per share, which would have been similar to last quarter. In Q3, we generated adjusted EBITDA margins of 29%, up 16 points from a year ago. Adjusted EBITDA was $137 million in Q3 and $485 million over the past year, which is nearly a $900 million improvement compared to our first year as a public company. So the natural question is, how do we drive profitability even higher over time? We're focused on two things: first, growing revenues. We want to serve more of our customers' financial needs, become number one in active trading, and expand internationally. Second, we want to stay lean as we scale. Our cost structure is roughly 90% fixed, which supports high incremental margins and operating leverage. And we will continue to push on our fixed costs wherever we can. So we think we have a good path to higher levels of profitability over time. And we look forward to sharing our progress as we go. Now, let's review Q3 revenues. Total net revenues were $467 million, up 29% from a year ago. Revenues were down 4% from Q2, as growth in net interest revenue was offset by lower transaction revenues and seasonally lower proxy revenues. Transaction-based revenues in Q3 were $185 million, down 4% sequentially, primarily due to lower crypto volumes. Moving to net interest revenues, they were $251 million in Q3, up 7% sequentially. The increase was driven by higher interest-earning assets and short-term interest rates, partially offset by lower securities lending. Looking ahead, we are watching a couple of areas that, so far in Q4, are in the lower part of their cyclical ranges. Specifically, Q4-to-date securities lending activity is well below the third-quarter average. Additionally, Q3 net buying was the highest level we've seen in over a year, which drove free credit balances lower in the third quarter. So far in Q4, net buying has moderated, so free credit balances have increased by a few hundred million dollars. But if the current levels of securities lending and free credit balances continue, we anticipate Q4 net interest revenue will be roughly $20 million lower than Q3 levels. Looking beyond Q4, we have a much more constructive outlook for net interest revenue, as we continue to attract customer cash and net deposits, enroll customers in securities lending, and prepare to grow our credit card business. Moving on to other revenues, they declined sequentially to $31 million in Q3, as seasonally lower proxy revenues were partially offset by growth in Gold subscriptions and Sherwood Media advertising revenue. I also want to share some additional color on what we saw in October. We added another 30,000 funded accounts, and customers contributed another $1 billion of net deposits to Robinhood. Additionally, October trading volumes picked up from September. Relative to Q3 monthly averages, October options and crypto were roughly in line, and equities were about 10% below. I also wanted to note that we often see lower trading volumes in November and December around the holidays. Looking at expenses, we continue to make significant progress, investing for long-term growth, while driving efficiency by lowering our full-year costs from 2022 levels. Starting with adjusted operating expenses, which reflects total operating expenses less stock-based compensation and the regulatory accrual, it was $353 million in Q3, below our prior outlook range. This brings our year-to-date total to $1.06 billion, or 76% of revenues. As we invest for the long term and scale our business over time, we are focused on leveraging our highly fixed cost base to drive adjusted operating expenses lower as a percentage of revenue. Reflecting on our progress year-to-date, we feel good about our expense discipline while continuing to invest for the long term. So, in Q4, while we plan to keep driving efficiency across our business, we plan to make some targeted growth investments in marketing and product launches, including for the UK, Futures, and Credit Card. We also anticipate some short-term elevated legal expenses related to the historical regulatory matters I mentioned earlier. Given this, we are planning for Q4 adjusted operating expenses in the range of $375 million to $395 million, which slightly lowers the midpoint of our full-year outlook and brings our 2023 adjusted operating expenses range to $1.435 million to $1.455 billion. This full-year outlook has us on track to save around $75 million from our 2022 level. Turning to share-based compensation, it was $83 million in Q3, below our prior outlook range. Stock-based compensation as a percentage of revenue was 18% in Q3, down from 30% a year ago. We're managing stock-based compensation costs closely, so as we scale our business over the coming years, we're focused on driving that closer to 10% of revenue. Looking ahead to Q4, we're lowering our 2023 stock-based compensation outlook again by an additional $50 million. Our updated outlook for full-year 2023 stock-based compensation is a range of $860 million to $880 million, which implies a Q4 range of $70 million to $90 million. Just to put that in context, if we look at the mid-point of our Q4 range on an annualized basis, that's about $320 million, which represents an annual savings of over $300 million versus 2022. And looking at dilution, prior to our Q3 share purchase, diluted shares were up 1.2% through the first three quarters, well below our initial full-year outlook of 4% or less. Now let's turn to capital management. We are focused on maintaining a strong balance sheet while deploying capital into opportunities that drive growth and shareholder value. Over the past year, we generated nearly $500 million of adjusted EBITDA. And in Q3, we deployed over $700 million to purchase 55 million shares of our stock and to acquire X1. We still finished the quarter with nearly $5.5 billion of cash and investments. We know we still have a lot of cash on hand, but in this macro backdrop, we like the balance sheet strength and optionality it provides. In closing, I'm excited about the momentum we're building and believe we have a huge opportunity ahead of us. We believe we can deliver new capabilities and enhance customer experience while producing great financial outcomes for our shareholders. With that, Chris, let's move to Q&A.

All right. Thank you, Jason. For the Q&A session, we'll start by answering shareholder questions from Say Technologies. These are ranked by number of votes. We'll pass over any questions that we already addressed on this call or in prior quarters. We'll also group together questions that share a common theme. After that, we'll turn to live questions from our analysts. So I'll kick it off with our first question from Say. I’ve put two together here, and these are for Jason. Massey R. asks, your stock price has been floating between $9 and $12 for over two years. What will it take to bring it back to the IPO price? And Fung N. asks, with all these new incentives happening on Robinhood, why has Robinhood not been able to raise its stock price back to the IPO level?

Thanks for the questions. So, first of all, we hear you. It feels like we've made a ton of progress, and we just haven't seen it translate yet to a higher stock price. On a macro level, interest rates are up, which generally isn't good for stock prices, and it hasn't been good for fintech companies. But we're staying focused on things that are in our control, like growing our business and driving profits higher. Over the long term, we think this is the approach that will move our share price up, and we appreciate your questions.

All right. Thanks, Jason. The next question is for Vlad. I'm going to put together two here as well. So Brandsey asks, would it be possible to add a dividend information tab? And Jeremy J. asks, we continue to ask for a dividend forecasting management tool, when will that feature come to fruition?

Yeah. Thank you. We're always looking for ways to improve our customer experience. So thank you for these questions around dividends. I actually reached out to the team and asked them to make sure this is added to the roadmap. So it will be done.

Thanks, Vlad. The next question is from William W., who asks, the biggest thing that seems to be driving your churn to profitability is the high interest rate on your cash pile. What will be the plan to maintain profits when the Fed reduces those rates? Jason?

Yeah. So one of the nice things about our business is that it's naturally hedged for changes in interest rates. Trading revenues and interest income tend to move in opposite directions. So we think we're pretty well positioned to perform financially regardless of the rate environment. We've seen this play out over the last few years. In a lower rate environment, trading revenues were strong. But with rates moving higher, trading revenue abated some, but interest income has picked up. So at the same time, we're continuing to invest to grow our business through the cycle. So for higher rate environments, we've launched things like Gold high yield as well as fully paid stock lending. And for when higher trading environments come along, it's great to see that our market share is up in equities and options as we continue to invest in our platform. So overall, we feel really good about our position regardless of what interest rates do.

Thanks, Jason. The next question is for Vlad and it's from Malcolm D. who asks, what will Robinhood do to grow market share and expand operations?

Yeah, happy to answer that. So to start with, our market share has been growing. If we look at equities and options, market share is up year-over-year and also sequentially for the past three quarters in a row. And as we look at opportunities to grow even faster, right now, we can see we're winning in mobile. And we think that's great because clearly, that's the fastest-growing part of our industry. I think the long-term trend will continue to be more and more of the legacy brick-and-mortar-based and web activity moving in the direction of mobile. I think it's also important to note that a couple of our key competitors are going through merger-related integrations right now. So we've got TD Ameritrade merging with Schwab and ETRADE through Morgan Stanley, and we've seen actually a lot of customers complaining about those integrations, being forced to abandon some of the user interfaces that they'd like, not really satisfied with the mobile products that they're being asked to convert to. And we've been seeing really healthy and growing inflows from both of those competitors. And actually right now, to accelerate that even further, we're running a 1% match on ACATS, not just into retirement accounts but also into taxable accounts. And so we're excited to share even more value with customers through that offer. So doubling down on our leadership in mobile. And also, we're continuing to expand and improve the product experience across the board.

Right. Thank you, Vlad. The next question is also for you. Todd Z. asked, what is Robinhood doing to convince long-term investors to stay and grow with Robinhood rather than transfer to other accounts when they reach a higher net worth?

Thank you for that question. This is a key part of our strategy. Deepening relationships with customers starts with ensuring that as they grow and their needs evolve, Robinhood remains the platform for them, addressing their diverse financial needs. Our primary investment focus is on Robinhood Gold. Robinhood Gold offers a competitive rate on uninvested cash, allowing customers to benefit from the current high-rate environment and earn a significant yield on cash even when not actively investing. Currently, that's 4.9% APY, along with up to $2.25 million in FDIC insurance protection. This gives customers a superior option compared to traditional savings products and offers a higher level of protection along with the yield. Recently, we introduced an unprecedented 3% retirement match for Gold customers. With the new IRA contribution limits increasing to $7,000, this represents an extra over $200 a year in bonuses just for fully funding retirement accounts, which is an unmatched offer. As a result, we are observing an increase in the number of customers adopting Gold. Once you're in Gold, you receive an industry-leading value and user experience across a wide range of our products. If you're looking to retire with us or generate cash yield on your funds, we provide those opportunities. We are continuously adding more features and value to Gold, leading to healthy growth in Gold balances and progress in Gold subscribers. Our churn and retention rates, especially among our most valuable customers, are improving. We believe we are just beginning to see the impact of our strategy and are demonstrating progress in increasing wallet share and building deeper relationships with our customers.

All right. Thank you, Vlad. The next question is for Jason from Bradley S. who asks, what can Robinhood do in order to become consistently profitable throughout each quarter?

It was great to achieve GAAP profit last quarter. It was our first time as a public company. This quarter, but for the regulatory accrual, we would have seen another quarter of GAAP profits. But looking over the long run, we're going to keep investing for growth. But we think we've got a good opportunity to invest for growth and grow revenues faster than costs, which should deliver nice leverage and profitability for the bottom line over time. We're a tech company; a vast majority, 90% of our costs are fixed costs. And so we think we're well positioned to have high incremental margins as we grow the top line.

All right. Thank you, Jason. The next question is for Vlad and it’s a two-parter. Massey R. asks, when are you going international? And Thomas B. asks, when will Robinhood come to Europe?

Great questions. The answer to both of those is basically now. So I'm excited to say we're getting really close to launching our brokerage in the UK. We should be live in the coming weeks. I'll actually be there knocking on doors in the UK, maybe not literally, but with the team for the launch. And we also announced earlier in my opening prepared remarks that we will be offering crypto trading across the pond in the EU, and that's going to come right on the heels of the UK brokerage launch. So both of these launches are exciting. They expand the addressable market of customers we can serve with our financial products. And they're really the first steps in what we see as a big opportunity for us growing the business internationally.

All right. Thank you, Vlad. That concludes our shareholder questions from Say Technologies. We appreciate our shareholders taking time to ask those questions to Vlad and Jason and look forward to more next quarter. Now I'll turn the call over to Carmen to lead Q&A from our analysts.

Thank you, Chris. Operator Instructions. Our first question is coming from Dan Dolev with Mizuho. Please proceed.

Hey, guys. Great results despite the difficult environment. I have two questions, two quick ones. So maybe, Vlad, can you tell us what makes you gain so much share? I know it's a difficult environment, but you guys are gaining a tremendous amount of share. Can you give us some color on what makes Robinhood getting so much share? And then I have a very quick follow-up. Thanks.

Thanks, Dan. Regarding our active trader offerings, we aim to be the leading platform for active traders, and we have been increasing our market share. I've pointed out the year-over-year growth, and for the last three quarters, we've consistently seen our market share in options and equity transactions rise. This improvement is a result of our ongoing efforts to address customer pain points. Recently, we have enhanced options trading by implementing features that customers requested, such as customizable options chains and better visualization of P&L. We are reassessing the entire equities trading experience. Historically, we optimized it for novice users, so we recognized an opportunity to streamline the process for more experienced traders by eliminating unnecessary steps. This effort spans all aspects of the trading experience. We are also focused on providing customers with more data to help them make informed decisions, and much of this work will be rolled out in the coming weeks. Importantly, while we acknowledge there are still areas for improvement, we lead in pricing. Most competitors charge $0.65 per contract for typical trades, which accumulates significantly for those trading large volumes. Our pricing advantage remains strong and generates significant value. Additionally, we are introducing innovative features, such as the Robinhood 24 Hour Market, which sets us apart from others. All these factors contribute to our market share gains and our increasing Net Promoter Score across options, equities, and crypto.

Terrific. I do have a quick follow-up. I mean, it looks to me like Robinhood could be a great place for traders to benefit from the future Bitcoin ETF. Can you maybe talk a little bit about the opportunity if it exists?

I believe we are witnessing Bitcoin becoming increasingly appealing to a wider range of stakeholders as it solidifies its position as a mainstream asset for diversification. There has long been a belief that it serves as a good hedge against inflation, and understandably, in a high inflation climate, people are seeking ways to broaden their investment exposure. Robinhood has been proactive in providing Bitcoin in its original form. As I mentioned in the prepared remarks, we have implemented several enhancements to the cryptocurrency user interface. We are now displaying the spread and the total cost of execution to customers. As previously discussed, Robinhood offers very competitive pricing, but customers may not be fully aware of this due to a lack of transparency. We are addressing this issue and believe we have found a solution. I think more customers will recognize the excellent value they get when they diversify their portfolios with cryptocurrencies. We aim to maintain our leadership in this space and are thrilled about the advancements we've made, with much more work ahead of us.

Great. We’re excited as well. Thank you.

Thanks, Dan.

Thank you. One moment for our next question. Our it’s coming from the line of Devin Ryan with JMP Securities. Please proceed.

Great. Thanks so much. Hi, Vlad. Hi, Jason. How are you?

Great.

Hey, Devin.

So looking forward to the international launch, a lot to be excited about there. I just want to think about the opportunity or how you guys think about the opportunity, either near or long term to build your own market-making capabilities to participate in more of the economics? And particularly as you scale the offering, I suspect that could be an opportunity, but I just want to get some thoughts there. And then if that's not something that would make sense, just how you're thinking about the unit economics internationally, appreciating that trading is just going to be one part of the longer-term game plan of making a relationship with customers. Thanks.

Yeah. And you're referring to international, specifically when you're talking about market making?

Right now, I am, yes.

Yeah, look, I think our focus right now, there's obviously lots and lots to do in our business. As you pointed out, there's all the stuff we're doing on the consumer side to win active trading, there's obviously ways to leverage that infrastructure that we're building to process our customers' trades as a B2B offering, and market making is kind of in that category. Where we stand now is we're just laser-focused on consumer. We want to make sure we're the best consumer offering out there particularly internationally where we're kind of new to market. We want to make sure that as many of our resources as possible are pointed toward product market fit of the consumer offering. And there's lots of ways that we can monetize Gold subscription. You've heard that that product we have a lot of confidence in, and it's just in the early stages. We think that can be just as powerful, if not more so, in the UK, securities lending and other interest-based revenues. So yeah, we're not really focused on diversifying into B2B or Market Making for the near term. But it's obviously something we're familiar with. Once we start getting to the point where that makes sense as a priority, we'd certainly be open to considering.

Thank you. I’d like to follow up on X1 and the credit card strategy. I appreciate the new net interest disclosure regarding cards. Can you provide more details on the scaling strategy for the excellence business across Robinhood and the timeline you are considering? Additionally, are you thinking about possibly growing at a slower pace to gather more data on customer behavior and assess potential credit risk? Thank you.

Yeah. I'll be happy to field that. I think we're going to build a great product. We actually just reviewed and approved the final designs for what's going to become the Robinhood credit card last week, so we've been making good progress. The team is super motivated to launch it. And we do anticipate there will be a period of learning. Of course, X1 has had some data from their customer base. But we anticipate once we release this new product, the scale of Robinhood's customer base is much bigger. And so we'll want to make sure that we're rolling it out prudently. But the thing that I'm most excited about is you guys seeing it, customers seeing it. I think we've spent a lot of time getting the user experience and the design just right, and I think you're really going to love it.

All right. Terrific. I’ll leave it there. Thanks.

Thank you.

One moment for our next question. It comes from the line of Steven Chubak with Wolfe Research. Please proceed.

Good afternoon. This is Michael Anagnostakis filling in for Stephen. I have a question for Jason regarding expenses. You mentioned that you will maintain discipline with expenses and highlighted a largely fixed expense base. As we look beyond 2023, what do you consider a reasonable growth rate for core expenses to support the 20% organic growth you have consistently achieved recently? Thank you.

Thank you, Michael. I appreciate the question. We've made significant progress in managing operating costs, running efficiently, and enhancing productivity across our platform over the past year and a half. However, there is still more to be done to improve efficiency and streamline our operations. That being said, we plan to continue investing for growth as we see greater opportunities ahead of us, particularly internationally. We will make strategic investments in various areas. At this time of year, our teams are focused on planning for 2024, so it's too early for me to specify the growth rate we anticipate for OpEx next year. However, over a longer period, we aim to grow revenue at a faster rate than OpEx. Even while making investments, we believe there are opportunities for us to manage our costs effectively.

Great. Thanks. And then my follow-up, I just wanted to touch on crypto again. We've seen some stronger performance in Bitcoin and Ethereum, for example, but the volume trends have remained pretty subdued, both industry-wide and at Robinhood, but can you speak to what's driving that divergence there? And what do you think needs to happen for activity to pick back up in crypto? Thank you.

Yeah. I think it's hard for me to speculate on activity predictions and the broader cryptocurrency market. I can tell you what we're focused on. We're focused on using this as an opportunity to build our capabilities and build the platform. You've heard me talk in this call about how we want to make sure customers who are using Robinhood for crypto know that they're getting terrific pricing. And so we've continued to make progress there. We are improving the customer experience, and the team is hard at work launching in the EU, which will expand the addressable market of customers that we serve by hundreds of millions. So we're excited about that. We're going to continue to innovate and improve the offering in the space. I think there's lots of promising signs; lots of people are spending time building the industry. We're going to continue to be a leader there.

I believe it would be beneficial to receive more regulatory clarity in the various markets where we will be operating, as this will enable us to innovate even faster.

Thank you for taking my questions.

Thank you. One moment for our next question please. It's from the line of Michael Cyprys with Morgan Stanley. Please proceed.

There, Mike?

Mike, please check your mute button, please. All right. Please rejoin using the call me feature. One moment for our next question. It comes from the line of John Todaro with Needham. Please proceed.

Great. Thanks for taking my question. Vlad, you mentioned earlier that the EU had a clearer regulatory framework around crypto in the US. Just trying to understand in that context, what kind of products or services that you could tangibly point to there? Would you envision kind of more assets for trading in the EU and the US? Just anything that we can kind of tangibly look to?

I really don't want to get ahead of the launch that's coming in a couple of weeks and tell you what the value propositions are going to be. But yes, in general, we do expect, given the clarity, to be able to offer a different set of assets and capabilities in Europe than in the US.

Okay. Thanks for that. And I guess just quickly if I can add another one on. Taking the other side of that and looking at the US market, you guys recently delisted some of the crypto assets. What would give you comfortability to relist some? Is it some of these ongoing suits maybe with Coinbase that need to get resolved? Any clarity there?

Yeah. I think that, yes, it's hard to say what specifically we're waiting for to give us comfort. I think that rules, rule-making, court case data, that all helps. And of course, we'll continue to push for regulatory clarity because I think it would be a shame for the innovation that we've been seeing in crypto to be co-opted overseas. I think it's very, very important for the US to remain a leader in every new technology in the industry that we possibly can.

Yep, I agree with that. Thank you. I appreciate it.

Thank you. One moment for our next question, please. Our next question is from the line of Ken Worthington with JPMorgan. Please proceed.

Hi, good evening, and thanks for taking the question. One of the footnotes in the release today talked about ACATS in and out, and you mentioned getting inflows from former Ameritrade and E-Trade customers. I'd love you to compare and contrast where ACATS to Robinhood are coming from generally and where ACATS going out of the firm are generally going to. And then you mentioned the 1% match. When did that go into effect? And then maybe lastly, what sort of ACAT activity are you seeing from firms that are more traditionally known for active trading? Thanks.

Yes. As I mentioned earlier in the call, we have been seeing elevated ACATS from the firms that are going through integrations. I mean the active trading firms, TD Ameritrade has been very strong with active traders, and we've been seeing really healthy and growing inflows there. The 1% match, as you probably know, that started out being a retirement offering. We've expanded it to ACATS in taxable accounts. And I think that's currently in the process of rolling out and being communicated to customers. So it's pretty new. But what we're seeing there has been really, really good. I think that just gives customers an added incentive, the ones that were already thinking about it and using Robinhood to consolidate their assets here. We've been really happy with the trends there.

In terms of the more active trader locations, the ins and outs are actually pretty modest overall. So nothing really to call out there.

Okay. Are the ACATS going out to the same firms where you're receiving assets, or are they directed towards a different group of firms where clients are leaving?

Yes, it's really pretty broad-based across inflows and outflows and common firm names as you'd expect. One thing we like is that the trends are improving for us as we continue to improve user experience.

Great. Thank you very much.

Thanks, Ken.

Thank you. And we have time for one more question. One moment please. And it's from the line of Benjamin Budish from Barclays. Please proceed.

This is Chris O'Brien on for Ben. I wanted to ask you about the options takeout. It looks like it came down 4 basis points or so quarter-over-quarter. Is there anything you can share regarding the drivers here as to what's driving the change in the take rate?

Yeah. So first of all, the take rate was $0.41 this quarter. There are two primary things that go into the take rate that we realize on option contracts. What I'd point to is volatility and then it's also a mix of contracts, specifically we're seeing an increasing mix as we have for some time now of SPY contracts over individual name contracts, and that has been a headwind for us on the take rate.

Okay. Very helpful. And I also just wanted to follow up on the international expansion. When we think about the launch of the UK product, like what kind of products will be available on day one? How long of a ramp will it take to fully get capabilities up to something like we might see in the US?

I'll address that. I previously mentioned that equities trading, specifically the 24-hour market, will be available at launch. Regarding other offerings, I prefer not to disclose too much before the official announcement, which will be coming soon. The advantage of our organic international expansion is that we can use the same platform, which is why the Robinhood 24 Hour Market will be available right from the start. There are no technical barriers to providing our services wherever we operate; it’s fundamentally about obtaining the necessary licenses for the various products we provide. I believe you'll start to see the benefits of our organic strategy as we continue expanding into more markets and enhance our offerings in the US while connecting to different market centers abroad. The value will benefit both our US clients and those in new markets.

And Chris, one more follow-up on the options take rate. We've seen that mix continue into October and actually accelerate just a little bit, and the take rate moved to $0.39 a contract in October. We'll see how the rest of the quarter plays out, but I thought I would highlight that for you.

Awesome. Thanks so much. Appreciate it.

Excellent. Thank you. One moment please for one more question. It’s from the line of Michael Cyprys, please proceed from Morgan Stanley.

Thanks for taking the question. Having some technical difficulties with the phone before. It's not sure if you answered this question just around index options. I think you had mentioned previously that was coming in the first half of '24. Just wondering if you had a more specific update there that you could share? And just more broadly on that, I was hoping you could maybe share your thoughts around the opportunity set, how you see that playing out with index options. Thank you.

Yeah. I mean, one of the things that we're focused on, on our path to number one in active trader market share is systematically going through all of the product gaps, making sure that if customers want a particular asset, that we make that available. This includes index options, things like shorting, multiple account types like joint accounts. There's just a long list of things that we're prioritizing and building. As for index options, in particular, right now, that's slated for about midyear 2024.

Got it. Okay. And then just a follow-up question, if I could, just on advice. Just curious if you're thinking about the opportunity set there for providing customers with financial advice. How do you think about where there's sort of space in the marketplace? What are the pain points that you might look to address? And how do you think about what the right level of pricing should be?

Yeah. These are important questions. And what I can tell you is that Robinhood has historically been like a company that values the individual and their autonomy and making decisions and controlling their finances. I think as a self-directed platform, one of the things we pride ourselves in is putting people in the driver seat and in control over their finances. And I think as we think about advisory, we definitely don't want to build another me-too robo that just puts you into a basket of ETFs and does tax loss harvesting and things like that. We think there's a real opportunity to give customers the type of high-end financial advice that if you're the CEO of a company or a high net worth individual, you could get by paying a lot of money, except we want to offer that at a really attractive price point using modern technology and make that available to everyone. So that's kind of the ethos behind the product, and we'll definitely share more as we get closer to unveiling that.

Great. Thank you.

Thank you. And this concludes the Q&A period. I will turn it back to Vladimir Tenev for final remarks.

Yeah. Thank you, everyone. I'm very excited to have you listening to this call. And we're only at the beginning of our journey. There's so much more to build. So we're going to get back to work. Thank you.

Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect.