Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to Snap Incorporated’s Second Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. I would now like to turn the call over to David Ometer, Head of Investor Relations.

Thank you and good afternoon, everyone. Welcome to Snap’s second quarter 2024 earnings conference call. With us today are Evan Spiegel, Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder; and Derek Andersen, Chief Financial Officer. Please refer to our Investor Relations website at investor.snap.com to find today’s press release, slides, Investor Letter, and investor presentation. This conference call includes forward-looking statements which are based on our assumptions as of today. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements, and we make no obligation to update our disclosures. For more information about factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements, please refer to the press release we issued today, as well as risks described in our most recent Form 10-K or Form 10-Q, particularly in the section titled 'Risk Factors.' Today’s call will include both GAAP and non-GAAP measures. Reconciliations between the two can be found in today’s press release. Please note that when we discuss all of our expense figures, they will exclude stock-based compensation and related payroll taxes, as well as depreciation and amortization, and certain other items. Please refer to our filings with the SEC to understand how we calculate any of the metrics discussed on today’s call. With that, I’d like to turn the call over to Evan.

Hi, everyone, and thank you for joining our call. Q2 marked an important milestone for Snap as we reached more than 850 million monthly active users and 432 million daily active users on the path to our goal of 1 billion monthly active users. Our focus on visual communication between friends and family is a strategic advantage that has enabled us to serve more than 75% of 13 to 34-year-olds in over 25 countries. As Snapchat has grown, our community has grown with us, and approximately 80% of Snapchatters are above the age of 18. We also continue to broaden and deepen engagement with our content platform in Q2, with global content viewers growing 12% year-over-year, and global time spent watching content growing 25% year-over-year. The growth of our community, the progress we have made with our direct response advertising business, and the success of our Snapchat Plus subscription business that now reaches more than 11 million subscribers, all contributed to revenue growth of 16% year-over-year, despite the impact of a weaker brand advertising environment for certain consumer discretionary verticals. We are pleased with the ongoing progress made in our DR business, as well as the continued rapid growth in the total number of active advertisers, which more than doubled year-over-year in Q2. We believe this progress validates our strategy of focusing on growing our community and engagement, investing in our direct response advertising products, and diversifying our revenue growth with our subscription offering. The actions we have taken to optimize our cost structure have cleared a path to meaningful Adjusted EBITDA profitability and positive free cash flow. In Q2, the combination of topline progress and expense discipline translated to $55 million of Adjusted EBITDA and sets us up well for continued improvement in operating leverage as the year progresses. Adjusted EBITDA flow through, or the share of incremental year-over-year revenue that flowed through to Adjusted EBITDA, was 55% in Q2, up from 22% in Q1. Moving forward, we will continue to calibrate our investments carefully to ensure we build on this momentum, while also realizing the operating leverage necessary to drive improved financial performance. We believe that the strong financial foundation we are building and our track record of innovation position us well to fulfill our long-term vision for augmented reality. Visual communication is at the core of the Snapchat experience. Our strategy to drive daily active user growth and engagement is focused on improving the way Snapchatters communicate and interact with their friends, family, and the world. We have delivered a number of new communication features and user experience enhancements in recent months to execute on this strategic initiative. For example, in Q2, we introduced Map Reactions that enable Snapchatters to send their favorite emojis to friends on the Snap Map to start conversations. We also launched Editable Chats, which allow Snapchatters to edit messages up to five minutes after sending them, and My AI Reminders that give Snapchatters the ability to ask for a reminder for an upcoming deadline. In addition, we are investing to enhance iOS app performance by making improvements to battery management, app and screen loading latency, and camera quality. We are also leveraging machine learning and generative AI to help our community form meaningful connections and to deliver engaging product experiences. These improvements have contributed to all-time highs in the number of daily active users sending Snaps in every region, which is an important input to sustained daily engagement. The results of these initiatives are reflected in our global community reaching 432 million daily active users in Q2, an increase of 10 million quarter-over-quarter. Daily active users in North America were 100 million, down by less than 1% year-over-year, but up quarter-over-quarter as our initiatives to improve the way Snapchatters communicate begin to show early signs of progress. DAU in Europe was 97 million, compared to 96 million in the prior quarter and 94 million in the prior year. DAU in Rest of the World was 235 million, compared to 226 million in the prior quarter and 202 million in the prior year. To further deepen content engagement, we continue to invest in our machine learning models to improve content ranking and personalization across all of our content surfaces. As a result, we are seeing significant improvement in content engagement, with global time spent watching content growing 25% year-over-year and 10% quarter-over-quarter in Q2, driven by strong growth in total time spent watching Spotlight and Creator Stories. In North America, some of our changes have been disruptive, and this contributed to mixed results on time spent with content, which declined by just under 2% on a year-over-year basis while increasing nearly 6% on a quarter-over-quarter basis in Q2. North America content engagement trends improved as we moved through the quarter, and time spent with content increased year-over-year in the month of June. In Q2, we continued to make progress unifying the ranking models between Spotlight and Stories to a single backend stack that ranks all content types to deliver the most engaging content to our community, regardless of format. To expand our content supply, we are focused on growing our creator community and making it easier for creators to submit and subsequently share compelling content. These efforts contributed in part to the number of creators submitting Spotlight content growing more than 20% year-over-year in Q2. We are also working with publisher partners to bring new and engaging content to our community. For example, in Q2, we announced Snap Nation, an evolution in our existing partnership with Live Nation that gives Snapchatters access to tour and festival experiences, including exclusive behind-the-scenes content and live music experiences. Augmented reality continues to inspire communication, and Snapchatters play with AR Lenses billions of times per day on average. In Q2, the number of Snapchatters sharing AR Lens experiences with their friends increased 12% year-over-year, driven by the popularity of innovative generative AI Lenses and improved ranking and optimization of our AR experiences. For example, our ML Scribble World Lens, which enables Snapchatters to transform into artistic, cartoon-style versions of themselves, was viewed over 1 billion times in Q2, and our 90s AI Lens was viewed by more than 20% of U.S. Snapchatters. In addition, we launched a generative AI Lens in collaboration with Beyoncé, dedicated to her new COWBOY CARTER album, which was engaged with 80 million times in the first three days. We continue to improve our AR ranking technology in order to personalize the AR experience and deliver relevant AR content to our community. We recently enabled dynamic, ML-driven Lens ranking based on Snapchatter preferences, and we improved the quality of Lens ranking model predictions for AR Snaps. These initiatives contributed to a 10% year-over-year increase in Snap Story posts with an AR Lens globally. Our progress in AR is powered by our Lens Studio developer platform and the hundreds of thousands of creators who have leveraged this platform. In Q2, we released Lens Studio 5.0, which features our new GenAI Suite, powered by proprietary SnapML technology, that enables Lens creators to generate Lenses in minutes using a text prompt that requires no coding by the creator. The response to our new tools in Lens Studio has been inspiring and reinforces our belief that long-term success in AR requires a vibrant developer and creator ecosystem. As we move forward, we are focused on innovating and enhancing our core product experiences in order to grow our global community and deepen engagement. We believe continued progress on these initiatives is a critical input to both serving our community and expanding our monetization opportunity over time. We look forward to sharing more of our progress at our Snap Partner Summit on September 17. We continued to make progress on three foundational advertising platform initiatives, including larger machine learning models, improved signals, and more performant ad formats. Our 7-0 optimization for purchases continues to drive encouraging results for advertising partners. For example, Ridge, an everyday essentials e-commerce company, continued to lean into Snap’s DR best practices to drive success. Leveraging 7-0 Optimization, Conversions API, and our machine learning-based Auto-Bidding, Ridge drove a 73% higher ROAS compared to their prior campaign strategy. For app-based advertisers, we have invested in improvements across the entire ad stack. We made ad format enhancements and streamlined the app download experience on iOS, so that Snapchatters can install apps without leaving Snapchat. Early testing shows that the enhanced app download experience is driving lower cost per install and improved ROAS for advertisers. We also expanded 7-0 Optimization to app install and app purchase and, after testing showed consistent improvement in cost-per-install and cost-per-purchase, we recently began scaling these products with our advertising partners. We are encouraged to see that a number of gaming app clients, including Roblox, are seeing a 30–50% improvement in ROAS on Snapchat. We have also begun testing Value Optimization, which allows advertisers to bid on the value of purchases, and we are seeing encouraging early results. We anticipate that mobile gaming and e-commerce advertisers in particular will benefit from these new optimizations. For example, Lancôme, a beauty brand from L’Oréal, leveraged our new Value Optimization with the aim of increasing average purchase cart size and ROAS. The campaign exceeded expectations and delivered a 38% increase in average purchase cart size and a 4.4x increase in ROAS. Our DR ad platform relies on scaled privacy-centric signals that advertisers can use to optimize their ad campaigns. Conversions API, our privacy-centric first-party signal solution, is driving improved results for advertisers. For example, European e-commerce company My Jewellery saw their campaign deliver 156% higher last click ROAS and 13% lower cost-per-visit after implementing CAPI. In addition, we announced several partnerships, including Snowflake, Datahash, LiveRamp, and Tealium, to make it easier for advertisers to adopt Conversions API in a seamless and privacy-centric way. Our improvements to Conversions API, improved collaboration with advertisers, and growth in partner integrations resulted in Conversions API integrations growing over 300% year-over-year in Q2. We are excited by the progress we’re seeing with our small and medium-sized business advertising partners. Today, SMBs and creators alike can promote their services, content, or products, reach new audiences, and gain more followers, all in just a few taps within Snapchat. In addition, we launched useful tools such as dynamic campaign setup recommendations and codeless Pixel setups to help businesses achieve higher ROAS. These changes have been instrumental in the growth of SMB advertisers on Snapchat, which contributed in part to total active advertisers more than doubling year-over-year in Q2. This quarter, we continued to build compelling advertising products to help our brand advertising partners reach the Snapchat community at scale. For example, at our NewFronts presentation, we announced a number of sponsorship opportunities, including our partnership with NBCUniversal for the Paris 2024 Olympic Games, where some of our most popular creators will share stories of the games with their unique perspectives and on-the-ground access in Paris. We also renewed our longstanding sports partnerships with the NFL, NBA, and WNBA, to provide official content across Stories and Spotlight for our community. In an effort to drive incremental performance for brands, we recently announced the Snap Advanced Partner Program, which will offer qualifying agencies and advertisers personalized training and enablement sessions, dedicated support, and additional tools and resources to enhance their campaigns. Our sponsored AR advertising solutions offer marketers the opportunity to leverage unique and engaging augmented reality experiences that lift the measurable performance of their brand campaigns. Specifically, research has shown that campaigns that pair AR Ads with Video Ads on Snapchat deliver 1.6x ad awareness lift when compared to Video Ads alone. Research from our partnership with OMD and Amplified Intelligence found that Snapchat campaigns that include AR in their mix drive 5x more active attention compared to industry peers. In order to expand the reach and impact of our AR advertising solutions, we recently launched AR Extensions for businesses, which extend our AR advertising products beyond the camera to all of our ad surfaces, including our Dynamic Product Ads, Snap Ads, Collection Ads, Commercials, and Spotlight. As we move forward, we have conviction that our continued focus on improving our ad platform and delivering solutions that drive measurable business results for our advertising partners is the key to building a larger and more durable advertising business. With the most important foundational elements of our advertising platform now in place, we look forward to making further progress on helping our advertising partners grow their businesses. With that, I’d like to turn the call over to Derek to discuss our financial results.

Thanks, Evan, and good afternoon everyone. Total revenue was $1.24 billion in Q2, up 16% year-over-year, while advertising revenue was $1.13 billion, up 10% year-over-year. Direct response advertising revenue increased 16% year-over-year driven by a combination of total active advertisers more than doubling year-over-year, continued progress with our 7-0 Pixel Purchase Optimization, and early contributions from the product improvements delivered for app-based advertisers. Brand-oriented advertising revenue declined 1% year-over-year, driven by particularly weak demand from certain consumer discretionary verticals including retail, technology, and entertainment, as well as the timing impact of holidays shifting out of Q2 in the current year. We continued to make progress toward diversifying our revenue sources, with Other Revenue up 151% year-over-year to reach $105 million in Q2. Other Revenue includes all non-advertising revenue, the majority of which is Snapchat+ subscription revenue, and Snapchat+ reached the 11 million subscriber milestone in Q2. In Q2, North America revenue grew 12% year-over-year, with the relatively lower rate of growth in this region due to the impact of weaker brand-oriented demand being relatively concentrated in North America. Direct Response was a bright spot in North America in Q2, driven in part by strong growth from our small and medium-sized customer segment. In an effort to accelerate our growth in the Americas, we made changes in Q2 to optimize our go-to-market organization in North America to better support clients where we see the best product market fit and greatest opportunity for our business going forward. Europe revenue grew 26% year-over-year, as continued progress on our direct response ad platform, and a relatively more stable demand environment for brand-oriented advertising solutions, fully offset the impact of more challenging prior year comparisons. Rest of World revenue grew at 20% year-over-year, driven by the continued progress of our direct response ad platform, while the deceleration versus the prior quarter growth rate was due primarily to the timing of holiday periods shifting out of Q2 this year. Global impression volume grew approximately 13% year-over-year, driven in large part by expanded advertising delivery within Spotlight. Total eCPMs were down approximately 3% year-over-year as inventory growth exceeded advertising demand growth in Q2. Adjusted cost of revenue was $586 million in Q2, up 19% year-over-year. Infrastructure costs were the largest driver of the year-over-year increase in adjusted cost of revenue, driven in large part by the ramp in machine learning and AI investments that we implemented in Q2 and Q3 of the prior year. Infrastructure cost per daily active user was $0.81 in Q2, which is up from $0.80 in the prior quarter, but below our expected range of $0.83 to $0.85 per daily active user due to a combination of greater than expected engineering efficiencies and a more moderate ramp in machine learning and AI investments. The remaining components of adjusted cost of revenue were $236 million in Q2, or 19% of revenue, which is in line with the prior quarter and at the lower end of our full-year cost structure guidance range. Adjusted gross margin was relatively stable at 53% in Q2, up from 52% in the prior quarter but down slightly from 54% in the prior year. Adjusted operating expenses were $596 million in Q2, down 3% year-over-year. Personnel costs decreased 12% year-over-year in Q2 following the restructuring initiative we announced in Q1. We ended Q2 with 4,719 full-time headcount, down 11% year-over-year. The decline in personnel-related costs was partially offset by increases in legal related costs in Q2, including the impact of complying with an increasingly complex global regulatory environment, as well as the impact of a previously announced settlement with the state of California. In addition, we incurred $8 million in costs related to the retroactive Digital Services Tax implemented by the Canadian government in Q2. Adjusted EBITDA was $55 million in Q2, up from negative $38 million in Q2 of the prior year, reflecting higher revenue and operating expense discipline. Adjusted EBITDA flow through, or the share of incremental year-over-year revenue that flowed through to Adjusted EBITDA, was 55% in Q2, up from 22% in Q1, as we continue to carefully prioritize our investments in order to drive topline growth and deliver improved profitability. Net loss was $249 million in Q2, compared to a net loss of $377 million in Q2 of the prior year. The improvement in net loss year-over-year reflects the flow-through of the $93 million improvement in Adjusted EBITDA as well as a $57 million reduction in stock-based compensation and related expenses. The reduction in stock-based compensation was driven by a combination of the diminished impact of refresh grants on the GAAP accounting of SBC, combined with the reduction in headcount that resulted from our recent restructuring. The $269 million of SBC and related expenses we reported in Q2 better reflects our SBC related expenses at current staffing levels. The benefits of improved Adjusted EBITDA and lower SBC were partially offset by $16 million in costs associated with the early retirement of $386 million of our outstanding convertible notes in Q2. Free cash flow was negative $73 million in Q2, which reflects the impact of collecting seasonally lower Q1 revenue in Q2. Over the trailing twelve months, free cash flow was positive $15 million while operating cash flow was positive $244 million as we continue to balance investments with topline growth to deliver sustained positive cash flow. Dilution, or year-over-year growth in our share count, was 1.9% in Q2, down from 3.8% in the prior quarter. As part of our efforts to responsibly manage the impact of SBC on our share count, we repurchased 7 million shares at a cost of $76 million in Q2, reflecting an average share repurchase price of $11.06. Since we began opportunistically managing our share count through share repurchases in Q3 of 2022, we have repurchased 151.5 million shares, representing 8.4% of fully diluted shares outstanding, at an average price of $9.91 per share and a total cost of $1.5 billion. In Q2, we issued $750 million in convertible notes maturing in 2030 with a coupon of 50 basis points. In addition, we negotiated the repurchase of $148 million of our 2025 convertible notes and $238 million of our 2026 convertible notes. We also unwound the capped calls associated with our 2025 convertible notes, resulting in proceeds of $63 million. We ended Q2 with $3.1 billion in cash and marketable securities on hand, with no debt maturing in the current year, $36 million maturing in 2025, and $250 million maturing in 2026. We believe the combination of these transactions have ensured more than adequate liquidity for our operations while further strengthening our balance sheet for the long-term. As we enter Q3, we anticipate continued growth of our global community, and as a result, our Q3 guidance is built on the assumption that DAU will be approximately 441 million in Q3. We are focused on executing against our roadmap to deliver improvements to our advertising platform to drive strong performance for our advertising partners. Our Q3 guidance range for revenue is $1.335 billion to $1.375 billion, implying year-over-year revenue growth of 12% to 16%. Our investment plans for Q3 remain consistent with the full-year cost guidance ranges we provided last quarter, which assume we make modest incremental investments in infrastructure, personnel, and marketing to sustain the momentum we have established in our business, and that we continue to experience the impact of an increasing legal and regulatory burden on our cost structure. Given the revenue range above, and our investment plans for Q3, we estimate that Adjusted EBITDA will be between $70 million and $100 million in Q3. As we move forward into the second half of 2024, we will remain focused on prioritizing our investments carefully to deliver against the cost plans we have set out for our business, while investing prudently to deliver for our community and our partners. To learn more about the progress we are making for our community and our partners, we encourage you to tune into our 6th annual Snap Partner Summit on Tuesday, September 17. Thank you. And we’ll now take your questions.

Thank you. Our first question today comes from Ken Gawrelski with Wells Fargo. Your line is now open.

Thank you very much. Good afternoon. To help us understand the recent volatility in advertising results, could you discuss the advertising performance during the quarter, particularly how it progressed in June? Additionally, can you provide insight on how the third quarter has started? Also, could you elaborate on the contributions from the Olympics in the third quarter, as well as any potential political advertising in the U.S. for the second half of the year? Thank you.

Thank you for the question. At a high level, I want to discuss how revenue growth has progressed through Q2, focusing on brand and direct response separately. In the direct response business, we are seeing strong resilience and growth, with direct response revenue advertising up 16% year-over-year in Q2, which aligns with the 17% observed in Q1 despite a tougher comparison. This indicates a business driven by performance, and we have good momentum with our pixel purchase optimizations. As we move into the current quarter, those are performing well alongside newer advertising solutions for app-based advertisers. We've also been scaling our optimization for app installs and app purchases, which is yielding positive results for advertisers. Additionally, we began testing value optimization in Q2, showing promising early results. The ongoing momentum of our CAP adoption, which was up 300% year-over-year, is also enhancing performance. This contributes to a high-performing direct response business with ongoing growth, as reflected in the doubling of active advertisers year-over-year in Q2. This growth is strongly driven by our SMC segment, thanks to innovations like Snap Promote and automated campaign setup tools that ease entry and enhance return on ad spend for customers. On the brand side, we noticed a deceleration from the previous quarter due to timing of events and holidays in Q2 that posed some challenges, along with weakness in certain consumer discretionary sectors like technology, entertainment, and retail. While we have built a substantial brand-oriented business, we recognize its volatility, which is why we've invested heavily in the direct response area. A clear example of our performance during volatility is seen in the restaurant vertical. Despite tougher economic conditions, that segment continues to grow for us on the direct response side, as we deliver strong performance for those advertisers. As we look ahead to Q3, we expect top line growth of 12% to 16% year-over-year, implying quarter-over-quarter growth of 8% to 11%. This indicates a solid start to the quarter. On a two-year basis, this growth expectation represents an 18% to 22% increase, which is a notable improvement from the 11% to 12% we've seen in the first half of the year. We anticipate this trend to be driven primarily by the direct response business and continued contributions from Snapchat+, which has seen massive growth in subscription revenue. Although we've noted potential events like the Olympics that may stimulate brand spending, we haven't built an expectation for a significant rebound in that sector for Q3. Our primary focus on improvements this quarter will come chiefly from the direct response and Snapchat+ businesses. This should provide a clearer understanding of our year-to-date progress and our expectations for the next quarter. Thank you for your question.

Our next question comes from Dan Salmon with New Street Research. Your line is now open.

Hi, good afternoon everyone. I have a 2-part question. So the total advertiser count more than doubled this quarter. That's a little different than the 85% growth in SMB advertisers you talked about last quarter, but presumably, SMBs are still a big driver of that. So the first part is, can you speak to the drivers of advertiser growth count? I imagine improvements in the DR ad performance are part of that, but are there any of the partner programs, reseller agreements or anything else that you'd highlight that are really helping drive that growth? And then the second part is on your ad product roadmap and whether or not this growth in the total advertiser count has you rethinking any elements of the roadmap. And in particular, whether it starts to make sense to look at developing more AI-based automated ad buying products like those we're seeing generate a lot of value for SMBs on other platforms. I'd just be curious to hear your updated thoughts on whether that makes sense yet. Thanks.

Thanks, Dan. At a high level, we are very excited about what we're observing with small and medium-sized advertisers. Our SMC business is likely the most significant contributor to our long-term revenue growth in the coming years, so witnessing that progress has been truly thrilling. From the perspective of our roadmap and automation, automating processes is crucial for these advertisers, as it helps to reduce the barriers to entry and encourages increased spending on Snap. If you look at some of the improvements we've implemented for SMC advertisers, we are getting better at understanding their objectives when they sign up for an account on Snapchat, allowing us to guide them towards preconfigured campaign setups. This can be extremely beneficial for helping them get started. We also provide tools like codeless signal setup that are very useful. I believe there is still room for us to enhance our automation, particularly related to creative and budget optimization. We have improvements in the pipeline. More specifically, as we approach the holiday season, we are concentrating on aspects such as product selection, using privacy-safe signals, and making efforts to enhance in-session conversions with significant model updates we have been working on. Additionally, streamlining the checkout process is crucial for driving more in-session conversions, which are among the most valuable for SMC advertisers. Regarding the top of the funnel for our SMC business, one of the key drivers has been Snap Promote, which allows advertisers to begin using our app seamlessly. We are reaching more than 850 million users monthly, and it’s encouraging to see their enthusiasm for our service, which has motivated them to explore Snapchat for growing their businesses with our advertising tools. Overall, I believe that the Snapchat community will be a tremendous source of growth for our SMC business, and we are committed to expanding that in the short term and, more importantly, as a long-term growth driver.

Our next question comes from Doug Anmuth with JPMorgan. Your line is now open.

Yes, hi, this is Katy on for Doug. First, I just want to touch on the brand business. Again, I know you mentioned it's been more volatile versus DR is more resilient. So can you just talk about how much visibility you typically have over the brand side and what you can do to maybe improve the stickiness of spending on Snap within brand overall? And then second, on the engagement side of the platform, that's obviously been an important focus area. You talked about rolling out some product improvement inter-quarter. Some had positive effects on engagement in North America, some more negative. So can you just talk about the puts and takes there and just to give a little bit more color. Thanks.

Yes. Thanks, Katy. I think as we look at the brand business, the most important thing is really driving performance for advertisers. Our solutions are very performant, whether advertisers are measuring performance with our first-party tools or with MM or MTA Results, and I think more recently with some of our conversion lift solutions. So we continue to help advertisers really measure what matters most to them. And I think one of the most important things, especially as we look at brand spend in the back half is the relationship between brand spend and lower funnel performance. And I think some of the most sophisticated advertisers are really leveraging full funnel solutions because building that brand awareness is really important in terms of improving overall conversion rates on the lower funnel. So I think as we get into the back half of the year, really working with our advertising partners to make sure they're leveraging our full funnel offering and our performance brand solutions will be really important. And then I think in terms of the progress we're making on content engagement, especially in North America, the team has had a bit of a split focus over the past couple of quarters, we've been building out a whole new back-end ranking stack that combines stories and Spotlight. We think that's a better experience for our community because it combines both types of content that they really love. Spotlight has been a real bright spot for us in terms of growth and engagement and so have creator stories. And then, of course, as always, friend stories. People love to see what their friends are up to. So being able to combine all those content types rather than requiring our community to go to different places to get those different types of content, I think will be very positive for the content experience on Snapchat. But maintaining our existing production content stack while building a whole new combined stack has been a bit of a challenge and what the team's focus. And I think that contributed to a little bit of the choppiness we saw through the quarter. But ultimately, as we look at North America engagement overall, both North America, DAU and content time spent were both up quarter-over-quarter. So directionally positive as we really work to make progress there.

Our next question comes from Rich Greenfield with Lightshed Partners. Your line is now open.

Hi. I have a couple of questions. First, I wanted to follow up on direct response advertising. You mentioned that there has been significant progress with direct response advertisers and API integrations throughout the quarter and year-over-year. However, Derek, you mentioned a decline in ad revenue related to direct response from Q1 to Q2. The question on everyone's mind is, given the progress you've made and the focus you've placed on this area, why isn't direct response growing at a faster rate? Why is it only seeing mid-teens growth? Additionally, how much of an impact is brand advertising expected to have in the Q3 guidance? For my follow-up to Evan, regarding the earlier discussion about app integration, what specifically is causing the changes that are impacting time spent on the app, and what insights are you gaining from this integration? Is the goal still to achieve a single unified experience when users open the app to access content? When can we expect to see this rollout in the U.S. based on your testing in other markets?

Hey Richard, thanks for the question. I think just diving in a little bit on the Q3 guide and how to think about the projections for ad revenue and DR revenue specifically, I think it's important to just remember that there was a 9-point percentage point acceleration in overall revenue in the prior year from Q2 to Q3. And it was actually a slightly faster than that acceleration for the Direct Response business. So I think to put it in a little bit more finer context, at sort of the midpoint of our guidance range for the coming quarter, we'd be overcoming almost all of that 9-point acceleration in the prior year. So we'd essentially be nearly keeping pace. And at the high end of our range, we'd be fully keeping pace with that acceleration for the prior year. And just to put a finer point on that, I want to sort of reiterate that guide implies an 8% to 11% quarter-over-quarter improvement in the overall business, which I think if you look historically across periods is a very good result for Q3. And then to maybe even look at it another way is to think about it on a 2-year stack where the guide for Q3 implies 18% to 22% for Q3, and that's up from 12% in Q1 and 11% for Q2 of this year. So I think it's really tough to characterize that guide in Q3 is representing a business that's not improving. And you've got a pretty solid roadmap on the DR side. But I'll turn it over to Evan to talk a little bit more about the other parts of your question.

Thanks, Rich, for the question. And we've definitely been working hard on the content experience. We know how important content is to our community and also in terms of just the way that they maintain their relationships by sharing content with one another. When we look at the content experience, as I mentioned, we really want to combine stories and spotlight, which are both beloved content types on Snapchat but are now located in two different tabs on the app. And that just makes content discovery just have a bit more friction. It also doesn't take advantage of the overall supply that we have across both stories and spotlight. And we know that combining that supply will help us provide more relevant content to folks based on their interest and will allow us to leverage signals across both of those content types. So if you think about the steps to get there, one is sort of a user interface change that combines both the stories and short video user interface, so that has been in testing. There's also the infrastructure piece of it to combine both content types and rank across both content types, which is nontrivial because the objective function has to work across the way that those different types of content are consumed. That's also in testing, where you'll see that first is actually in spotlight, where we've made progress, for example, adding publisher stories and have been testing that combined the content experience. And of course, we'll have a bunch more to share at the upcoming Snap Partner Summit, which is on September 17. Hope to see you there.

Our next question comes from Mark Mahaney with Evercore. Your line is now open.

This is Dan Peterson on for Mark. Focusing on the brand advertiser demand, how have the verticals that you called out that were soft in Q2 trended quarter-to-date? Have they gotten worse, the same, better, and any granularity you can give on a vertical level would be helpful. Thanks.

Thank you for your question. I want to emphasize that as we enter the new quarter, the key takeaway from our guidance is that the revenue growth we expect in Q3 will mainly come from our direct response business and the ongoing success of Snapchat+. We do not anticipate a significant improvement in brand performance this quarter, although we are actively working on this front. We have introduced some innovations for our customers, as mentioned at the new fronts and in our letters. Our focus remains on the investments we are making in product development and our go-to-market strategies for direct response, ensuring we deliver effective ad products and optimizations that produce measurable results for advertisers. We're seeing strong product-market fit and will continue to build on the momentum with small and medium-sized customers, optimizing campaign setups and maintaining the effectiveness of Snap Promote. We are building on our strategic priorities over the past 18 to 24 months while considering the results we achieved in the last quarter in our direct response and Snapchat+ areas. I hope that provides some clarity.

Our next question comes from Indiscernible with Bank of America. Your line is now open.

Hi, thanks for taking my question. Could you provide some insights into the current stage of spotlight monetization and how you are expected to grow over the next few quarters? And in the long run, how big can the surface become related to your current scale and potential time frame for that. Thank you.

Thanks so much for the question. We've definitely been excited about the growth in spotlight time spent, the uptake of that service. And certainly, it's been a source of inventory growth for us. I think if I compare time spent on spotlight to other short video services, I think we have an enormous amount of headroom on Snapchat. That's part of the reason why we focus so much on this combined content experience, we know how much our community loves stories, and we really believe that a combined experience that combines the stories format with short-form video will be most compelling and easiest to use, especially in terms of content discovery. So the team has been working very hard on that. We continue to make progress in terms of model improvements. We've seen some great growth in terms of spotlight submissions and that's helping with overall content supply. One big area of focus for us in the coming months is really around model freshness and making sure that we are updating our models quickly enough to learn from engagement with new pieces of content so that we can serve the freshest possible original content to our community and not have to wait for days in some cases, for us to understand and leverage that signal. So a lot to do there, but certainly, I'm pleased with the growth so far and excited to get the combined content experience out to our community.

Our next question comes from Mark Shmulik with Bernstein. Your line is now open.

Hi, this is Jenny on behalf of Mark Shmulik. Thank you for taking our questions. We just have one, just given the launch of Snapchat's web product, is there any consideration to moving away from having the app open to the camera to perhaps something more like spotlight, that's more monetizable. Thank you.

Thank you for your question. Opening to the camera has always been an essential aspect of the Snapchat experience, as it keeps users connected with their friends in the real world rather than getting sidetracked by content from others. The ability to create and express oneself is crucial to the Snapchat product. It encourages users to initiate new conversations by sharing a Snap or displaying their experiences to friends through their stories. Moreover, it serves as a fantastic entry point for our augmented reality platform, with hundreds of millions of Snapchat users regularly engaging with lenses. Thus, opening to the camera truly sets the Snapchat experience apart and distinguishes our service. Over nearly 13 years of developing Snapchat, we have consistently seen new record highs in unique Snap users across all regions. The core strength of our product and its emphasis on self-expression and sharing with loved ones uniquely define Snap. That said, I don’t want to spoil any surprises before the Snap Partner Summit, but I believe there is a chance to further simplify the overall Snapchat experience, and we are excited to share more details during the Summit.

Our last question comes from Eric Sheridan with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Thanks so much. Maybe taking a step back and asking a bigger picture question, Evan. You talked a lot and you have a lot of detail on this call so far in terms of the journey you've been on sort of the evolution of the platform and product as you sort of look towards the back half of this year and was a value towards 2025, any updated skew in terms of your key investment priorities or things you think of is critical to execute on that positions the platform for elements of user growth, engagement or monetization with an eye to the medium to long term. Thanks very much.

Thanks so much for the question. I've certainly been spending a lot more of my time over the past year or so on the monetization side of the business. And I think just looking at the long-term strength of the business and our opportunity in augmented reality. I think a personal goal and maybe a broader growth for the business is really to have our revenue resilience match the engagement resilience we see on our platform with our community of 850 million people around the world. I think over the years, we've seen that, that engagement has really been durable, and we've been able to continue to grow service. I think as I look at the revenue side of things, what really excites me and a big area of focus and investment for us in the coming year will be the small and medium-sized customer segment. I think it really leverages the strength of our scale with our community and also our ability on the product and engineering side to drive results for advertisers. And ultimately, we really believe that that will result in much more resilient revenue from a diversified customer base, and that's a sort of foundation we want to be building our business on for the long term. So certainly a continued focus on the monetization side, especially with small, medium-sized customers and then making a lot of progress on foundationally on our machine learning models and our ability to drive performance.

Thank you. This concludes our Q&A session as well as Snap Inc.'s Second Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. Thank you all for attending today's session. You may now disconnect.