Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to Associated Banc-Corp's Second Quarter 2021 Earnings Conference Call. My name is Hector, and I will be your operator today. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. We will be conducting a question-and-answer session at the end of this conference. Copies of the slides that will be referenced during today's call are available on the company's website at investor.associatedbank.com. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded. As outlined on Slide 1, during the course of the discussion today, management may make statements that constitute projections, expectations, beliefs, or similar forward-looking statements. Associated's actual results could differ materially from the results anticipated or projected in any such forward-looking statements. Additional detailed information concerning the important factors that could cause Associated's actual results to differ materially from the information discussed today is readily available on the SEC website and the Risk Factors section of Associated's most recent Form 10-K and subsequent SEC filings. These factors are incorporated herein by reference. For a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to the GAAP financial measures mentioned in this conference call, please refer to Pages 20 and 21 of the slide presentation and to Page 10 of the press release financial tables. Following today's presentation, instructions will be given for the question-and-answer session. At this time, I would like to turn the conference over to Andy Harmening, President and CEO for opening remarks. Please go ahead, sir.

Well, good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to our second quarter earnings call. Joining me today are Chris Niles, our Chief Financial Officer; and Pat Ahern, our Chief Credit Officer. Now we're going to get to our financial results in a moment, but with this being my very first official earnings presentation since taking over as Associated's President and CEO back in late April, I'd like to start by taking a moment to reflect on what I've learned in my last few months on the job and why I think the future is bright for Associated. Under Philip Flynn's guidance, Associated built a strong reputation based on a disciplined approach to credit, capital, operational risk, and expense management. As an outsider looking in, I saw a clean balance sheet, a strong capital position, and a franchise known for great customer satisfaction. These are all very attractive foundational qualities to build upon and qualities I've been able to validate since my arrival. Upon joining Associated, one of my first priorities was to listen and learn as much as I could from both internal and external stakeholders; what's working well for our company, what are our growth opportunities, and what we must do to win more customers and deepen community engagement. We started with a 100 days of listening and a listening tour. We have held over 175 largely in-person sessions with hundreds of colleagues participating and thousands of ideas shared. Throughout this process, I have personally spoken with over 300 colleagues across our footprint. I've also spoken directly with some of our largest customers and many of our key investors. With this feedback in mind, we've already taken several actions to drive performance across the organization. First, knowing that competing digitally is more important than ever, we promoted Doug Peacock, who was previously our Director of Strategic Channels to lead our digital strategies going forward and build a comprehensive digital roadmap across our entire consumer and business bank. Secondly, we have refocused our wealth management teams under the leadership of John Thayer, CFA, previously our Chief Investment Officer, and a seasoned wealth management professional, who will lead our integrated strategic vision for a business that already has many strengths. And finally, we are centralizing our FP&A team to bring additional discipline to the execution of our line of business activities. Our cross-group activities and importantly the growth initiatives we intend to formally announce later this quarter. We are actively working on these strategies and initiatives, and we expect them to lead to additional growth and positive operating leverage. We will communicate those strategies no later than September 13th. Now, let me touch on the business environment in our markets and our second quarter highlights as outlined on Slide 3. The first half of 2021 has been marked by an encouraging transition to a new normal. We continue to see many signs of strengthening in the economy in our markets. Many businesses in the Midwest are running at full capacity. We are seeing really large gatherings, such as those of our newly minted World Champion Milwaukee Bucks, which we just got to see outside our door today during their championship period. Encouraged by these trends, our frontline teams have been back in front of clients and working directly with our customers for much of the year. We're optimistic about growth and feel Associated is well positioned to participate in the ongoing recovery. In fact, we started to see signs of increasing lending activity and line utilization in our commercial portfolios, which is reflected in our period-end loan balances. Commercial and business loans, excluding PPP, grew by nearly 3% quarter-over-quarter, while the CRE segment of our loan book grew by nearly 1%. Furthermore, our PPP portfolio continues to pay down as expected, with period end loan balances in PPP down over 50% from the first quarter. We find all of these trends encouraging. We also began to see signs of increasing customer confidence and spending activity with deposit and card fees up $2 million from the first quarter and credit card spend up 19% quarter-over-quarter and 40% year-over-year. Now shifting to credit, we continue to be very pleased with the improving credit environment over the first half of 2021, which speaks to the resiliency of our customers and to the resiliency of our core markets. Non-accrual loans were down 10% quarter-over-quarter, and net charge-offs remained flat at just $5 million. After posting a negative provision of $23 million in the first quarter of 2021, we posted another negative provision of $35 million for the second quarter. Taken together, charge-offs and negative provision combined to drive a net reserve release of $40 million for the period. Lastly, we've repurchased $30 million of common stock for the quarter and also added $0.40 to our tangible book value per share. Now turning to Slide 4, let me highlight a few quarterly loan trends. Compared to the first quarter of 2021, average second quarter loans decreased 1%. However, on a sequential quarter-end period basis, we saw solid growth in several of our commercial, CRE, and specialty lending portfolios, including REITs, general commercial, and power and utilities as our customers began to modestly draw on their lines. As expected, PPP loan balances continued to decrease, declining by $431 million or more than 50%, as we've seen the SBA accelerate their paydown and forgiveness processing. We continue to enjoy strong mortgage originations during the second quarter. We originated over $2 billion year-to-date, but we remain reluctant to add low-rate mortgages to our balance sheet. After seeing significant refinance activity in Q1, this activity carried over into Q2, driving our residential mortgage and HELOC balances modestly lower during the quarter. Looking forward, looking towards the back half of the year, we remain optimistic around loan growth. Specifically, we are optimistic about commercial loan demand and still expect full year commercial loan growth, that is, CRE and C&I combined, excluding PPP of approximately 2% to 4%. I would also like to provide an update on our indirect auto lending initiative. As mentioned back in April, we are expanding our consumer lending platform to add indirect auto lending to our product set. We continue to build out the infrastructure and expect to begin booking loans during the fourth quarter of 2021. While adding auto allows us to diversify and add to our consumer portfolio slightly better spreads, we are also continuing to evaluate other consumer and commercial verticals with good lending characteristics. Slide 5 provides a bit more color around the period-end trends that are giving us confidence that we are on track to meet our full year guidance for commercial loan growth. At June 30th, our commercial and business lending segment, excluding PPP, grew by 2.8% for the quarter, while CRE grew by 0.6% during the quarter as well. Combined, these two segments represented roughly 2% on a period-end basis, which is in line with our full year expectations. Moving to Slide 6, we continue to see record deposit levels for Associated customers, and second quarter average deposits were up $1.3 billion or 5% year-over-year. This continued growth is reflected in strong trends in our lowest cost deposit category averages, which grew approximately $2.4 billion from the same period a year ago. From a period and quarter-over-quarter standpoint, however, we began to see signs of increasing business confidence. Combined DDA balances from our corporate and commercial specialty segment, which includes trust, were down by 12% or nearly $450 million from their historic highs at the end of the first quarter. We see this as a positive sign that businesses are putting their money to work in our economy. During the quarter, we also continued to work down our average higher cost network in time deposit balances, which decreased by approximately $1.6 billion from the second quarter of 2020, and on a related note, our aggregate wholesale funding levels decreased to approximately $3 billion at the end of the second quarter and have steadily decreased over the past five quarters. Additionally, last week, we exercised an early redemption option on $300 million of our 3.5% medium-term banknotes, which will also help our margin going forward. On Slide 7, we provide a walk-down of our quarterly pre-tax pre-provision income or PTPP from the first quarter to the second quarter. Adjusting for the MSR write-ups and one-time gains recognized in Q1, you can see our run rate has held steady, and our net interest income is beginning to move higher. With net interest income increasing, we believe we have reached an inflection point on PTPP. In addition, the growth initiatives and efficiency strategies we will be rolling out later this quarter are intended to capitalize on our market strengths and position us to drive positive operating leverage and expand PTPP over the next several quarters. We do believe the expansion in PTPP over the second half of 2021 will more than cover the incremental costs contemplated for the initiatives on deck. So let me pause there and hand it over to Chris Niles, our Chief Financial Officer to provide a little further detail on our margin and income statement trends for the quarter.

Thanks, Andy. Turning to Slide 8, we had previously indicated that net interest income and net interest margin would gradually start to expand over the last three quarters of 2021, based on slowing refinance activity, a steady decline in liability costs, and expected loan growth. In the second quarter, we started to realize the benefits of these factors with net interest income rising. Similarly, while quarterly NIM continued to be pressured, we saw an encouraging uptick from month to month with the June NIM finishing at 2.45%, up nicely from March. Slide 9 provides a breakdown for the specific factors that lifted net interest income in Q2. On the mortgage side, margins and investment income were driven higher by declining refinance activity, which contributed to slower prepayment rates on mortgages and mortgage-backed securities. We expect mortgage yields to continue to rise over the back half of the year as the refinance wave continues to taper. On the commercial side, we saw an uptick in PPP income recognition relative to Q1. We had approximately $15 million of unrecognized deferred fees remain at the end of the quarter and expect that most of that will be realized over the back half of the year. On the liability side, we continue to see downward momentum in overall deposit costs quarter over quarter. This is especially true for time deposits where average yields have continued to decline period over period. Average time deposit yields finished the second quarter at just 51 basis points, and we still have about 50 million in consumer CDs with rates above 2%, that mature by the end of the third quarter. Given the second quarter's margin, current CD rates, and market trends, we continue to expect our full year net interest margin to finish between 2.45% and 2.55%. Turning to Slide 10, second quarter non-interest income came in at $73 million, up from $68 million in the same period last year, excluding ABRC-related income, but down from $95 million in the first quarter. The quarter-over-quarter decrease was driven primarily by a decline in mortgage banking income amid the tapering refinance wave. Partially offsetting this, fee-based revenues continue to expand led by service charges, deposit account fees, and card-based fees. Fee-based revenues overall increased by 4% quarter-over-quarter and 16% year-over-year. As shown on the upper right, mortgage banking gross gain of $9 million was down quarter-over-quarter due to sale margin compression. Despite the sale of Whitnell, which closed in the 1st of March this year, we continue to see strength in our Wealth Management business. Wealth management fees saw a slight increase in Q2 after a strong first quarter, and we're pleased to have ended the quarter with over $13 billion of assets under management, up 12% year-over-year. Even though we are halfway through the year, we are tightening our range of our full year fee income outlook to $315 million to $325 million. Turning to expenses, on Slide 11, the first quarter came in at $174 million in total expenses, a slight decrease from the first quarter and a 5% decrease from the same period last year. Personnel expenses rose for the quarter, however, other core expenses, including occupancy, continued to trend lower, more than offsetting the additional personnel expenses we saw. Turning to capital, on Slide 12, our tangible book value per share continues to grow quarter-over-quarter and has increased 7% year-over-year to $17.35. Associated's regulatory capital levels also remain strong. Our Common Equity Tier 1 ratio has grown 45 basis points from the second quarter of 2020, as we conserved capital in light of the economic uncertainty we saw over the last year. We continue to target a TCE level at or above 7.5% and CET1 level at or above 9.5%. With that, let me turn it over to Pat Ahern, our Chief Credit Officer.

Thanks, Chris. I wanted to start off by providing an update on our allowance, as shown on Slide 13. We utilized the Moody's June 2021 baseline forecast for our CECL forward-looking assumptions. The Moody's baseline forecast assumes additional fiscal support, a continuing low-interest rate environment, a recent acceleration in consumer prices to be transitory, and relatively localized COVID cases. Following a net reserve release of $28 million in the first quarter of 2021, we posted a further net reserve release of an additional $40 million in the second quarter. This net release was driven by gross reductions in our allowance for all of our core business units, with a $12 million gross reduction in our allowance related to our general commercial and business lending portfolio, a $13 million reduction in our CRE allowance, and an $11 million reduction in oil, gas, and a $3 million reduction in retail lending. As of June 30th, our total ACLL was $364 million, down from $404 million in the prior quarter. Similar to that, our ratio of reserves to loans declined to 1.52% from 1.67% during the quarter. We had previously guided that we expected ACLL to loans to drop back down to CECL Day 1 levels by the end of 2021, and halfway through the year, we're in line with those expectations. Turning to our quarterly credit trends presented on Slide 14, potential problem loans and non-accrual loans both declined during the quarter with net charge-offs flat from the first quarter. Our key COVID commercial exposures also continued to decline. Notably, oil and gas, retail, and restaurant exposures all declined during the quarter. After peaking at $1.6 billion in the second quarter of 2020, our quarterly active loan deferrals have continued to decline each quarter and fell to a total of just $20 million across all core business units in the second quarter of 2021. Total deferrals now make up just 8 basis points of total loans at quarter end. Most customers who received deferrals have not needed additional assistance and have been able to resume making normal payments. Going forward, we expect to adjust our provision with changes to risk rates, other indications of credit quality, and loan volume. With that, I will now pass it back to Andy to share some closing thoughts as we look to the second half of 2021.

Thanks, Pat. On Slide 15, we recap our updated guidance for 2021. We are tightening our non-interest income guidance and now expect the full year to come in between $315 million to $325 million, reflecting the strong mortgage activity we see in the first half of the year and continuing to strengthen our Wealth Management business over the course of the year. As a result of our ongoing planning for growth and efficiency initiatives, we are withdrawing our prior 2021 total expense guidance. Before the impact of such initiatives, we expected total expenses for 2021 will be approximately $695 million to $700 million, reflecting incentive accruals and additional business development expense. Now our total expenses for 2021 will ultimately reflect the impact of the initiatives that we will announce later in Q3, but let me reiterate. Even with the expenses we're contemplating to support our growth initiatives, we still expect to deliver PTPP above our second quarter baseline in each of Q3 and Q4. Lastly, as mentioned, we continue to experience positive credit trends due to economic conditions, and as such, we expect provision to be adjusted accordingly, inclusive of risk rates and future loan volume. With that, we'd be happy to take your questions.

Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. Your first question is from Scott Siefers with Piper Sandler. Please go ahead with your question.

Good afternoon, guys. Thanks for taking the question.

Good afternoon, Scott.

Hey, Chris, maybe the first one for you. So year-to-date the margins around $238 million, so it looks like you've made some good acceleration in the second half. And I imagine PPP fees later this year are a big part of that. But maybe to the extent you could, would you mind please refreshing thoughts on sort of the ex-PPP margin? I know you've got some of the CDs rolling off for that, that should give you a little bit of tailwind, but just maybe thoughts on sort of the ex-PPP puts and takes, please.

Absolutely. So as I stated, we're anticipating to have the benefits and you restated now of the CDs repricing, which will come to us. We're anticipating seeing the benefit of having paid off the medium-term banknotes, which we fully paid off last week. We're anticipating to see a sort of stabilization of LIBOR at hopefully what we expect to be slightly above today's levels as we move towards the back half of the year, and we're expecting to see loan growth. Those four factors together will all drive our margins meaningfully higher from even where they were in June.

All right. Perfect. And then similarly, so on the fee side you'll need a little acceleration to get towards the middle or high-end of that range. Just curious about the main drivers. It sounds like Wealth Management is going to be sort of a key growth area for you, but same time, maybe puts and takes you would see as we look into the second half of the year on fees?

We certainly expect Wealth Management, which typically sets its fees for the subsequent quarter based on quarter-end levels, to have a good quarter given that June 30th was a pretty good point for the markets. We also expect to see deposit fees continue to come in nicely, and based on what we've seen in card fees, that can also be a positive as we move through the back half of the year.

All right. Perfect. All right, Chris. Thank you guys very much. I appreciate it.

Thanks, Scott.

Your next question comes from the line of Michael Young with Truist Securities. Please proceed with your question.

Hey, thanks for taking my question this afternoon.

Afternoon, Michael.

Hi, Michael.

And congrats on the Milwaukee win. I know that the hope was Green Bay, but you take what you can get, right?

Maybe it's one of many.

Here you go, step in the right direction. So just wanted to follow up, and maybe put a bow kind of on the expense commentary. So I think you said it would - the increased expenses would be kind of covered by the incremental PPP fees you expect in the second half. So maybe you could just kind of put a dollar amount on that. And then on an ongoing basis, are those kind of one-time expenses to put things in place and get people hired, or are a lot of that going to be in sort of the longer-term expense run rate?

Yeah. Well, this is Andy. Let me just clarify that, it is PTPP that we believe will cover that as opposed to PPP. We clearly are seeing an increase in net interest income. That increase in net interest income, we believe, gets avoided even additionally by margin increases that we expect in the third quarter. So right now we're finalizing our growth initiatives. We do anticipate making investment in our company and recognizing the current environment that we're in, as we come through the pandemic. But even after any new investments that are made in the third quarter or the fourth quarter, we do expect to exceed the Q2 PTPP in each of individually the third quarter and the fourth quarter.

Okay. That's helpful, and thanks for the clarification. Sorry, I didn't hear that correctly. And then my, I guess my other question was sort of more on the capital front. Just as you guys are looking at sort of deploying capital, you've been active with the share buyback, but there are also a lot of these kind of growth initiatives that you're investing in as well. So just trying to kind of think about or understand how you guys are kind of weighing the payback period of the various investments kind of across the platform, and how that will pertain to future capital allocation?

Yeah, I'll start that one out, and maybe have Chris, piggyback on this one. So as we look at our growth initiatives, of course, growth and funding growth is our number one priority. So when we think of operating leverage, obviously in a prudent risk fashion, we don't believe we have to step out of our credit box. We will finalize the initiatives and we expect there will probably be a shift in the use of capital, a little bit away from maybe not quite as much on the share repurchase as much on growth. Positive operating leverage, you invest in businesses that drive your margin, you do that in a prudent risk framework, and we think growth will be number one. We will also, of course, look at what dividend strategy and share buyback strategy is combined. So as we finalize those numbers, we'll pull that through to the capital plan as well.

Okay. Yeah, I was going to ask maybe, Chris, could kind of add a little bit more on the financial metrics side. So are you looking at certain like tangible book value earn-back periods or anything like that, a recoup of investment timelines as you're hiring teams or adding new origination platforms, et cetera?

We are, and we look at those internal rate of return metrics on a variety of measures. The good news is, typically the addition of incremental adjacent lines don't have significant other costs other than people, and people tend to pay for themselves very quickly. We will be encouraged by the early measures that we have, and we look forward to announcing more of that news later this quarter.

Okay, thank you.

Thanks, Michael.

Your next question comes from the line of Terry McEvoy with Stephens Inc. Please proceed with your question.

Good afternoon, everyone.

Good afternoon, Terry.

Hi, Terry.

A question for Andy. As you were out on the road, the last 100 days listening to your colleagues, I'm just curious the ideas that they were presenting. Would you - could you put them into the expense bucket, and then the revenue bucket kind of where you'd kind of line those up, and maybe just the technology bucket as well given the promotion to the individual to run the digital strategy. What are the comments you heard internally on your digital platform relative to your competitors?

Well, yeah, great questions, Terry. What I would say is we have a serviceable digital strategy today, but we will be looking for a lot more. What I'm encouraged by in fact, when I talk to Doug Peacock, maybe the reason I promoted him is the first thing he said is, don't be afraid to be bold. When we think about the world that we're living in, in the attack on fintechs, we have a legacy trust advantage. I believe this in my prior job when I took on digital and omnichannel; I believe it firmly in this position. We will look at a combination of what our product strategy is, what our digital delivery strategy is, and certainly, we will have to spend money in digital. The exact amount of that is what we're finalizing right now. What I heard from our colleagues as well is, we want to grow. We want to participate in the markets that we're in, inherently small business in commercial, our local businesses still. We expect to compete very well in small business and commercial, and those will be a focus as we're trying to finalize our plans as well. The things that I heard there I heard from the investment community as well. One time they said, we want a reason to follow you and for you to be bold; that's why we expect to deliver on come September 13th or before when we have our plan. Listening to the investment community, our customers and our colleagues; that's exactly what we've done, and interestingly the feedback wasn't that far apart. When you understand the nuances of what is on people's mind and you bring strategies forward that deliver on that, you typically get buy-in and execution. It's been a really good 90 days getting to know our colleagues and having a reason to talk to them in person, getting to know them personally, but also to know what they want from our company.

Great color, Andy. And then as my follow-up question. Reading here, there is a run-off now of the oil and gas portfolio, which maybe I missed that last quarter, but that's not my question. I guess the $31 million reserve against that portfolio, and it was much higher on day one. As that goes down, should we expect then the ACLL ratio to move below that Day 1 level of 1.55%?

Yes, we do expect ACLL to continue to decrease below CECL Day 1 specific to oil and gas, as we continue to wind that down with less than 1% of total balances in oil and gas right now. We would expect that trend to continue, and that does have a big effect, looking back to CECL Day 1 in terms of the ACLL.

Great. Thanks for that.

Thanks, Terry.

Your next question comes from the line of Chris McGratty with KBW. Please proceed with your question.

Okay, great. And just want to make sure, I've got the right starting point on the PPNR guidance from here. I guess is that like a mid to low 80s, like $83 million run rate for Q2, is that what you're using?

We pull that up, Chris.

We're starting with Slide 7, which has the PTPP on it.

Okay. I can look at that. Yes.

Yeah.

Maybe while you're digging that up, maybe broader, Andy, I appreciate the expense comment on the - we have to wait for September. Do you envision laying out kind of medium to longer term just high-level profitability targets ROE, ROA efficiency? I think that's one of the things that we would, we will be looking for. I was wondering, if that was going to be included in that.

Yeah. Our plan is to show what the investments are, what the payback period is, and what that does to the key drivers, whether that's our TCE, whether that's our efficiency ratio, whether that's our operating leverage, those are all categories that we know that you're going to want to see, and we're walking through that right now to make sure that it's what we need and expect for the company and externally. So, we're very much trying to align with what we heard, what our strategies are, and how that hits our key ratios.

Great. That would be great. And then lastly, can you just, the CECL Day 1 you referenced, I missed that bogey that percentage that you're ultimately going to get to. Can you provide that again, Chris?

Yeah. We're currently equal to where we started CECL Day 1 at about 1.52. So we are - we can expect to see that trend down. Given where non-accrual loans are going, potential problem loans have decreased, where it will float down to, we'll get back to that without oil and gas, it could get down to that 1.25, 1.30 range, but we continue to watch that.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Jon Arfstrom with RBC Capital Markets. Please proceed with your question.

Thanks, good afternoon.

Good afternoon, Jon.

Hi, Jon.

A couple of follow-up questions, bigger picture. Andy, can you talk about, give us a little more detail on the centralized FP&A? And what's behind that? Talk about that a little bit and how it aligns with your growth initiatives, help us understand that.

Absolutely. Look, they are fun things to talk about. When you talk about driving revenue, when you talk about change in culture, and you think about all the good things you can do in product. But those things are only as good as your disciplined approach to execution. As we come out with additional initiatives all at once, we want to make sure that our tracking is in place. We want to make sure that we are clearly understanding the timing of each piece. We want to know how that rolls up to our key financial metrics. We want to make sure that rolls into our monthly business reviews. We want to make sure that rolls into our forecast. Having a team in my mind, I see it as a best practice. I've experienced that in my past stop. You really get down to the granular pieces of it, and we know what to expect, and we know quickly what we need to correct or emphasize. Bringing that under the CFO, it's still incredibly tied into the line of business. However, when we're doing our performance forecasting, budgeting, and tracking of initiatives, to me, that was a really important thing that I want to have a view on all the time. Getting that in line as we make promises to both our colleagues and to the investment community, I don't want to let either side down, and I think this is the best way to get to that point.

That's helpful. On your listening tour, and maybe Pat or Chris can add in on this, but what did you hear from commercial customers, not necessarily on the reputation of Associated, but in terms of their level of optimism or bullishness on the growth outlook? Is it much different than it was a quarter ago?

Let me start that one out, and then I'll defer to Pat as well. I was with 20 of our customers last week. What I'm hearing is a general level of increased activity, whether that be thinking about a buyout of someone, whether that's M&A, whether that's thinking about equipment purchases. There seems to be the beginning of something. We see slight increases in our pipelines. We are seeing that slight drawdown on business deposits. We see a gradual increase in line utilization, but more than that anecdotally, I can tell you it is almost as if there is pent-up demand that is starting to move. Anecdotally, those are the conversations that they had, and that we've heard. There's, of course, talk about supply chain, but some of them are saying they have as much going on right now as they can handle. Now we want that to improve, but to me that will be additive and that will not stop the recovery. Pat?

Yeah, I would agree with that. Some of the overarching themes we're hearing is demand is outpacing supply. There's a lot of catch-up going on from last year. Many of our clients still have liquidity, and they are, as Andy mentioned, starting to deploy that, whether it be investment in new technology, equipment, et cetera. Again, I think like much of the country, they're dealing with supply chain and labor constraints that are really the only things holding them back.

Thanks for that. And then maybe one more for you, Andy, bigger picture here, but how do you think about the geography of the company? And I'm thinking about markets like the Twin Cities, Chicago, and St. Louis, which kind of ring the perimeter of your franchise? They are big markets where you have smaller share, and I'm just curious how you're thinking about those markets? Thank you.

Absolutely. So look, I'll just do a quick overview. Northeast Wisconsin, we have a stronghold, and we have really deep roots in meeting those customers; you feel the presence of Associated and the value of long-term relationships. We want to make sure we maintain those. I move to Milwaukee, and clearly, a population concentration. That's why I'm splitting time between Milwaukee and Green Bay, as in-office time, but we expect to do very well in Milwaukee. But with that, you get discipline on the small business side and the commercial side, and to me, those are businesses you can scale without having a massive footprint. We would expect on the small business side, on the commercial side to compete quite well in Chicago and Minneapolis. We haven't focused as much on St. Louis yet, but what we intend to do is show that we can compete in the major markets. Then you look mid-term and you build out your digital strategy, and that makes you attractive in every market, rural, urban, large, and small. That will be a point of emphasis for us in the mid-term. As we get into our growth initiatives and execute on those, I believe that will open up optionality for us, both from a market standpoint and then ultimately from a scale standpoint and potentially a second step in the merger and acquisition market.

Your next question comes from Daniel Tamayo with Raymond James. Please proceed with your question.

Hi, good afternoon, guys. Thanks for taking my questions.

Good afternoon, Daniel.

Just wondering if you're able to quantify the modest increase in line utilization that you referred to a couple of times, and maybe give us a sense for how far below pre-pandemic levels that those lines are?

I'll take that, Daniel, this is Andy. We think we had a trough bottom in April, and it was in the very low 30% on line utilization, and we are up 2% at quarter end. Now, historically speaking as we look at that, that's about 10% below what our historic numbers are. There is room. We are not forecasting a massive increase in that but a modest one. We are seeing that there is capacity from our customers of over $7 billion to draw down. We believe that the growth will be steady and slow in the second half, but that will be enough to meet that 2% to 4% commercial and CRE growth target that we have out there.

All right, terrific. And I guess on - just also sticking on the commercial loan growth side, if you have any commentary on what paydowns look like in the second quarter relative to prior quarters?

Sure. We certainly saw fairly healthy activity, but obviously, in our core commercial books, we had a net increase. So for the overall bank, new transactions exceeded all net paydowns, and we had a fairly nice due of rollover of the shorter-term loans. It was a net positive quarter.

All right. Terrific. Well, that's all I had. Thanks, guys.

Thanks, Daniel.

Ladies and gentlemen, there are no further questions at this time. I'd like to turn the call back over to Andy Harmening for closing remarks.

Well, in closing, I just want to thank you for joining us today. We look forward to talking to you again later this quarter. If you have any questions for us, in the meantime, please don't hesitate to call. And thank you for your interest in Associated Banc.

Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you all for your participation.